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performance.In 1978, the trio toured Europe and the Persian Gulf nations, including a concert at the Paris Olympia. As a result of this busy schedule, Assi's medical and mental health began to deteriorate. Assi Rahbani eventually died in 1986, no longer married to <mask> but due to the influence, his family and Fairuz had in Lebanon the factions in Beirut had a cease-fire allowing the funeral procession to travel from the Muslim side of the city to where Assi would be buried on the Christian side. <mask> then began to work almost exclusively with Ziad Rahbani, her son on producing her music. Amid the Lebanese Civil War, <mask>'s fame catapulted. Unlike many of her famous peers, she never left Lebanon to live abroad. She did not hold any concerts there with the exception of the stage performance of the operetta Petra, which was performed in both the western and eastern parts of the then-divided Beirut in 1978.The war lasted fifteen years (1975–1990), took 150,000 lives, and fostered a divided nation. This was the period where her role as a prominent Lebanese figure would be cemented. She and the Rahbani brothers would frequently express their dissent for the war in their music, and their refusal to take sides and non-partisan stances helped them appeal to all of Lebanon, which then allowed <mask> to become a voice of reason and unification for the Lebanese people. This was especially important because the war itself was so multifaceted and involved many conflicting opinions between the state and different militias. To the Lebanese, she became a lot more than just an entertainer. She became a
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representation of Lebanon, as well as stability in a time of insecurity and uncertainty. 1980s – A new production team
After the artistic divorce between Fairouz and the Rahbani brothers in 1979, <mask> carried on with her son, composer Ziad Rahbani, his friend the lyricist Joseph Harb, and composer Philemon Wahbi.Ziad Rahbani was a constant driving force in the evolution of <mask>'s music style, as he worked to break away from what his parents had previously established. The songs he went on to compose for <mask> would stray from the nostalgic nationalism that showcased the folkloric style <mask> and the Rahbani brothers were known for; instead, he and <mask> would go on to delve into a more modern sound in the form of jazz and funk. <mask> made a second and final European Television appearance on French TV on October 13, 1988, in a show called Du côté de chez Fred. <mask>, who had scheduled a concert at the POPB of Paris Bercy concert hall three days later on October 16, was the main guest of French TV presenter Frédéric Mitterrand. The program features footage of her rehearsals for her concert at Bercy in addition to the ceremony featuring then French Minister of Culture Jack Lang awarding <mask> the medal of Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres. It also includes a video montage of her previous movies and concerts. In that show, <mask> also sang the three songs "Ya hourrié", "Yara" and "Zaali tawwal".Her first CD, The Very Best of Fairuz, was published in 1987 and contained the emblematic song "Aatini al Nay wa ghanni" (Give me the flute and sing), based on a poem in "The Procession" by Khalil Gibran.
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It was first sung at the end of the sixties. 1990s – present
In the 1990s, Fairuz produced six albums (two Philemon Wahbi tributes with unreleased tracks included, a Zaki Nassif album, three Ziad Rahbani albums, and a tribute album to Assi Rahbani orchestrated by Ziad) and held a number of large-scale concerts, most notably the historic concert held at Beirut's Martyr's Square in September 1994 to launch the rebirth of the downtown district that was ravaged by the civil war. She appeared at the Baalbeck International Festival in 1998 after 25 years of self-imposed absence where she performed the highlights of three very successful plays that were presented in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1992, Madonna used some parts of <mask>'s songs in her album without permission; the singers settled the matter outside of court, but Madonna's album and single were prohibited in Lebanon. She also performed a concert in Las Vegas at the MGM Grand Arena in 1999 which was attended by over 16,000 spectators, mostly Arabs. Ever since, <mask> has held sold-out concerts at the Beiteddine International Festival (Lebanon) from 2000 to 2003, Kuwait (2001), Paris (2002), the United States (2003), Amman (2004), Montreal (2005), Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Baalbeck, BIEL (2006), Athens, Amman (2007) Damascus, and Bahrain (2008).Her first album in the new millennium, Wala Keef, was released in 2002. On January 28, 2008, <mask> performed at the Damascus Opera House in an emotional return to the Syrian capital, where she played the lead role in the musical Sah el-Nom (Good Morning), after more than two decades of absence from the country, in one of
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a series of events highlighting UNESCO's designation of Damascus as the Capital of Arab Culture that year. Commenting on the event, the BBC wrote: "Every day the sun rises over Syria you hear one voice across the country – <mask>, the legendary Lebanese singer and greatest living Arab diva". Syrian historian, Sami Moubayed, said that the Syrians were thrilled about the performance and that <mask> reminded them of the "good old days". People from all ages attended the concert and the auditorium was packed with listeners. <mask> said that she had never seen such an audience in her life. However, her decision to perform there drew criticism from Lebanese politicians who considered Syria to be a hostile nation.<mask>'s new album entitled Eh... Fi Amal was released on October 7, 2010, produced by Fairuz productions and written entirely by her son Ziad Rahbani. Two concerts took place at BIEL Center in Beirut, Lebanon, on October 7 and 8. Fairuz released her first album in seven years titled Bebalee on September 22, 2017. On June 21, 2017, her daughter Reema Rahbany released the first single from the album "Lameen". The song is a tribute for Fairouz's late husband Assi Rahbany and was released in commemoration of his anniversary. Lameen is inspired by the French song "Pour qui veille l'étoile" and was adapted into Arabic by Reema Rahbany. Personal life
<mask> married Assi Rahbani, one of the Rahbani brothers who helped shape her singing career, on January 23, 1955.<mask> and Assi Rahbani had four children: Ziad (born 1956), a composer, playwright and pianist; Hali (born 1958, paralyzed since early childhood
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after meningitis); Layal (born 1960, died in 1988 of a stroke), also a composer; and Rima (born 1965), a photographer and film director. Fairouz was born to a Syriac Orthodox family. She is of the Eastern Orthodox Christian faith, having converted when she married Assi Rahbani. Very little is known about <mask>'s personal life and affairs, as she is described as having a hermetic nature and separates Nouhad from <mask>. Controversies
2008 Damascus concert
The 2008 concert in Damascus angered some of her fans and several Lebanese politicians who described Syria as "enemy territory in the grip of a brutal secret police force". Walid Jumblatt, leader of the Druze Progressive Socialist Party, accused <mask> of "playing into the hands of Syrian intelligence services", while fellow party member Akram Chehayeb said that "those who love Lebanon do not sing for its jailers," in reference to the three-decades-long Syrian occupation of Lebanon. Even some Syrian opposition activists called on her to boycott the event as just three years prior Syria had been accused of carrying out a series of assassinations on the Lebanese.This came amid a political crisis in Lebanon between pro-and anti-Syria factions. As well as a renewed Syrian government crackdown on dissent that same day during which several people were arrested, including opposition figure Riad Seif and twelve other activists of the anti-government Damascus Declaration. A poll conducted a week before the concert by NOW Lebanon, a Lebanese web portal sympathetic to the anti-Syria March 14 Alliance, showed that 67% of the respondents were opposed to <mask>'s
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appearance in Damascus, with one of the website's editorials saying that "this was not the moment for a musical love-in". Supporters of <mask> counterclaimed that she has always been above politics. <mask> refrained from commenting on the controversy. However, in a letter to the event's organizers, she said that the concert should be viewed from a cultural perspective, and wrote: "Damascus is not a cultural capital for this year only, but will remain a role model of art, culture and authenticity for the coming generations".She also told the head of the organizers that she felt it was a return to her second home. Syrian commentator Ayman Abdelnour said that <mask> was performing to the Syrian people, not their rulers.Her brother-in-law and former partner Mansour Rahbani also defended her decision to perform there, saying it was "a message of love and peace from Lebanon to Syria". In 1969, <mask>'s songs were banned from the radio stations in Lebanon for six months because she refused to sing at a private concert in honour of Algerian President Houari Boumedienne. The incident only served to increase her popularity. <mask> made it clear then and since that while always willing to sing to the public and to various countries and regions, she would never sing to any individual. Lawsuits
Since many of the Rahbanis' works were co-written by Assi's brother Mansour, in June 2010, a year after Mansour's death in January 2009, a Lebanese court banned <mask> from singing material that involved his contributions. The issue began when Mansour's children filed a lawsuit against <mask> when she was set to perform the
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song "Ya'ish Ya'ish" at the Casino du Liban. As a result, Fairuz could not perform such works without Mansour's children's permission.The court's decision led to protests around the world in response to what her fans perceived as an act of "silencing". Hundreds gathered in front of the National Museum of Beirut, led by a number of Arab artists, including Egyptian actress Ilham Chahine who flew to Lebanon in order to join the sit-in. "She is a great artistic personality who has entertained millions for decades. We cannot keep silent over this humiliating attitude to her and to art and artists in general. Fairouz to me is above all laws. She is like the mother whom, even when she errs, we are eager to forgive," Chahine added. Ian Black wrote on The Guardian: "Outrage over her silencing has been a reminder of the extraordinary loyalty she still inspires across the region".Other reactions included a protest concert in Egypt, and a "Shame!" headline displayed by Emirati newspaper Al-Ittihad. Alleged political affiliations
<mask>'s son, Ziad Rahbani, sparked controversy in December 2013 during an interview with the Al-Ahed website when asked whether his mother shared his supportive stance on the political vision of Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, a dominant but highly controversial political and military force in Lebanon. Ziad replied: "<mask> is very fond of Sayyed Hassan [Nasrallah], although she will be displeased with me, as she was after my last television interview when I revealed some personal information and she quickly interrupted me". There were strong reactions to this statement, which
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went viral on social media, and the country's different media outlets did not deviate from their political stances when reacting to Ziad's words. Politicians and celebrities stepped in as well, some of whom objected to affiliating <mask> to one side of Lebanon's political divide over another, including Druze leader Walid Jumblatt who said: "<mask> is too great to be criticized, and at the same time too great to be classified as belonging to this or that political camp". "Let us keep her in her supreme position, and not push her to something she has nothing to do with," Jumblatt added.Ziad, who claims to speak on his mother's behalf "because she prefers to remain silent", responded to his critics by saying: "Apparently it isn’t allowed in the age of strife for the princess of classy Arab art to voice love for the master of resistance". Nasrallah, commenting on the issue during a speech, stated: "An educated highly respected thinker and artist, who may be espoused different ideologies, might disagree with you on political matters, but personally have [a] fondness for you, because of your character, conduct, sacrifices and so on. If such a person were to say that he or she liked someone, then all hell would break loose". Legacy and honors
<mask> is the Arab world's most famous and most listened-to singer. For decades, almost all radio stations in the Arab world have been starting their morning broadcast with a Fairuz song, and her songs were continuously listened to during the war, as the people could expect to hear a patriotic melody of peace and love. The Guardian stated that "she sang the story of a
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Lebanon that never really existed" and "essentially helped build the identity of Lebanon, just 14 years after it became an independent country". <mask> has always been held a high regard because, to a region divided by many conflicts and opinions, she is a symbol of unity; she was even awarded Legion of Honour at the rank of Commandeur on August 31, 2020 by French president Emmanuel Macron, while he was visiting Beirut after the 2020 explosion.This award is France's highest honor, awarded for merit to those with substantial military or civil achievements. This encounter was also symbolic as it spoke volumes that Macron chose to engage with her rather than faction politicians. In 1997, Billboard stated "even after five decades at the top, [<mask>] remains the supreme Diva of Lebanon". In 1999, The New York Times described her as "a living icon without equal" and stated that her emergence as a singer paralleled Lebanon's transformation from a backwater to the vibrant financial and cultural heart of the Arab world. In a 2008 article, BBC described her as "the legendary Lebanese singer and greatest living Arab diva". In an article about world music, The Independent stated, "All young female singers in this region seem to be clones of her" and that "she's such an important artist that you have to get to grips with her". <mask> was honored in many countries such as Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Tunisia, the United States, Egypt and France, in which François Mitterrand awarded her the Order of Arts and Letters in 1988 and Jacques Chirac first awarded her the Legion of Honour in 1998
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(Chevalier).Discography
Fairuz possesses a large repertoire of songs, sources disagree on the exact number, but it is between fifteen hundred and three thousand. Around 85 Fairuz CDs, types of vinyl and cassettes have been officially released so far. Most of the songs that are featured on these albums were composed by the Rahbani brothers. Also featured are songs by Philemon Wehbe, Ziad Rahbani, Zaki Nassif, Mohamed Abd El Wahab, Najib Hankash and Mohamed Mohsen. Many of Fairuz's numerous unreleased works date back to the 1950s and 1960s and were composed by the Rahbani Brothers (certain unreleased songs, the oldest of all, are by Halim el Roumi). A Fairuz album composed by Egyptian musician Riad Al Sunbati (who has worked with Umm Kulthum) was produced in 1980 but is unlikely to be released. There are also fifteen unreleased songs composed by Philemon Wehbe and 24 unreleased songs composed by Ziad Rahbani in the 1980s.<mask> has also released a live album on Folkways Records in 1994, entitled Lebanon: The Baalbek Folk Festival. Performances and Persona
<mask> has performed in many countries around the globe including Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, France, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Netherlands, Greece, Canada, United States, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Italy, and her home country Lebanon. During her performances, <mask> is known to take on a very rigid and cold stance, due to her stage fright. She claims that the hierarchic nature of her performances is because she is singing as if she were praying. She is also
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described as being incredibly reserved and modest in the way a mother would be, and embodies the Lebanese woman at home. Theatrical works
Musical plays or operettas were the cornerstone works of the Rahbani Trio, <mask>, Assi and Mansour. The Rahbani Brothers produced 25 popular musical plays (20 with Fairuz) over more than 30 years.They were possibly the first to produce world-class Arabic musical theatre. The musicals combined storyline, lyrics and dialogue, musical composition varying widely from Lebanese folkloric and rhythmic modes to classical, westernized, and oriental songs, orchestration, and the voice and acting of <mask>. She played the lead roles alongside singers/actors Nasri Shamseddine, Wadih El Safi, Antoine Kerbaje, Elie Shouayri (Chouayri), Hoda (<mask>'s younger sister), William Haswani, Raja Badr, Siham Chammas (Shammas), Georgette Sayegh and many others. The Rahbani plays expressed patriotism, unrequited love and nostalgia for village life, comedy, drama, philosophy, and contemporary politics. The songs performed by <mask> as part of the plays have become immensely popular among the Lebanese and Arabs around the world. The <mask>-Rahbani collaboration produced the following musicals (in chronological order):
Ayyam al Hassad (Days of Harvest – 1957)
Al 'Urs fi l’Qarya (The Wedding in the Village – 1959)
Al Ba'albakiya (The Girl from Baalbek) – 1961)
Jisr el Amar] (Bridge of the Moon – 1962)
Awdet el 'Askar (The Return of the Soldiers – 1962)
Al Layl wal Qandil (The Night and the Lantern – 1963)
Biyya'el Khawatem (Ring Salesman – 1964)
Ayyam Fakhreddine (The Days of
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<mask>tnikoff Award for Outstanding Receiver at any position in 2009. He was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the second round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He later played for the Detroit Lions, with whom he made a Pro Bowl appearance. He also played a season for the Philadelphia Eagles and two seasons for the New York Giants. Early years
Born in Hendersonville, Tennessee, <mask> attended Pope John Paul II High School, where he played as a three-sport athlete, competing in football, baseball, and track & field. In his high school senior year of 2006, he rushed 140 times for 1,413 yards and 23 touchdowns to go along with 28 receptions for 510 yards and six receiving touchdowns.He also had three interceptions on defense, returned a kickoff for a touchdown and was the team punter. He was named as a Tennessee Division II first-team all-state pick in 2006 as an athlete by the Tennessee Sports Writers Association and also by the Tennessee Football Coaches Association. His jersey was later retired by Pope John Paul II High School. After he injured his thumb in his senior season and could not play baseball, <mask> switched to track and field and posted the state's top qualifying times in the 100-meter dash (10.93 s) and 200-meter dash (22.33 s). He was also a member of the John Paul 4 × 100 m relay squad that captured the state title with a time of 42.86 seconds. Baseball career
<mask> was drafted out of high school by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 42nd round of the 2007 amateur draft. <mask> did not sign with the Diamondbacks and instead played baseball for the University of Notre Dame.In 2008, <mask>'s freshman year at Notre Dame, he played in 18 games and batted .262 with three doubles and three stolen bases. <mask> hit his first home run against Louisville in Louisville, Kentucky in his sophomore year. He finished his sophomore season with a .329 batting average after playing in 55 games. <mask> also scored 45 runs his sophomore year which is the third highest by any Notre Dame baseball player. On June 9, 2010, <mask> was drafted by
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the San Francisco Giants in the 50th round (1,518th overall) of the 2010 MLB Draft, but did not sign. He has not competed in baseball since 2009, his sophomore season with Notre Dame. College football career
<mask> played football for Notre Dame from 2007 to 2009.In the 2007 season as a freshman, <mask> started two games, versus the UCLA Bruins and USC Trojans. He totaled six catches for 131 yards and one touchdown and averaged 21.7 yards on 15 kickoff returns for the season. In the 2008 season as a sophomore, <mask> started in 12 regular season games with 52 catches for 903 yards and seven touchdowns for a 17.4 yard per catch average. <mask> registered 100-yard games against Michigan, Syracuse, North Carolina, and Pittsburgh during the 2008 regular season, while being tapped First Team All-Independent by Rivals.com. Against the Hawaii Warriors in the Hawaii Bowl, he made six catches for 177 yards and three touchdowns in the 49–21 victory for the Fighting Irish, bringing his season total to 58 catches for 1,080 yards (18.6 yard average) with 10 touchdowns. <mask> was named the MVP of the Hawaii Bowl. In 2009, <mask> had nine games with at least 100 receiving yards.On October 3, against Washington, he had nine receptions for 244 yards. On November 28, against Stanford in his final collegiate game, he had 10 receptions for 201 yards and three touchdowns. Following the 2009 season, <mask> won the Biletnikoff Award. He was also recognized as a unanimous first-team All-American. Overall, he finished the season with 93 receptions for 1,496 receiving yards and 15 touchdowns. On December 7, 2009, <mask> announced that he would forgo his senior year and declared his eligibility for the 2010 NFL Draft. Statistics
Professional football career
Seattle Seahawks
On April 23, 2010, <mask> was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the second round (60th overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft.On July 28, 2010, <mask> signed a four-year deal with the Seahawks worth $3.261 million. He made his NFL debut on September 19 and had a 52-yard reception against
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the Denver Broncos. During his rookie season, he caught 21 passes for 227 receiving yards and returned 16 punts and a kickoff for 212 total combined return yards. The following year, he recorded 35 catches for 382 receiving yards and three touchdowns. At the beginning of the 2012 NFL Season, <mask> gained notoriety for being involved in a controversial ending during a game against the Green Bay Packers on September 24, 2012 which became infamous due to the confused ruling by replacement referees. At the end of the game, <mask> simultaneously caught a pass in the endzone with Packers' safety M. D. Jennings; however the officials made opposite rulings on the field. The official call was later ruled a touchdown, as according to NFL rules, simultaneous possession goes to the team on offense.The Seahawks won the game 14-12 in what is considered one of the most debated endings in NFL history. <mask> had a breakout year in 2013, improving significantly in all receiving statistics, with 72 receptions for 959 yards, and had an expanded role in returning punts. He was simultaneously an exciting player and a controversial one, as he was once named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week after playing against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 9, only a week after being fined $7,785 by the NFL for excessive taunting. As one of quarterback Russell Wilson's favorite targets, <mask> went on to win a Super Bowl with the Seattle Seahawks in their 43-8 victory over Peyton Manning's Denver Broncos. Detroit Lions
Following the 2013 season, <mask> signed a five-year, $31 million contract with the Detroit Lions, which included $13.25 million guaranteed. Alongside All-Pro receiver Calvin Johnson, he quickly became a key receiving target for quarterback Matthew Stafford. In his first season with the Lions, he had a then career-high 99 receptions, which was sixth highest in the NFL, and had 1,331 receiving yards, seventh highest in the NFL.He was selected to the 2015 Pro Bowl, which marked his first career Pro Bowl appearance, and was later ranked 85th by
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his fellow league players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015 list. Although <mask> did not make the Pro Bowl again with the Lions, his subsequent seasons with them were statistically successful. In 2015 he recorded 90 receptions for 813 yards and six touchdowns. His 2016 season saw him eclipse the 1,000-yard receiving mark for the second time in his career and the 90-catch mark for the third time in his career, and his 676 yards-after-catch statistic ranked highest among NFL wide receivers that season. He finished the 2017 season with 92 receptions for 1,003 yards and five touchdowns, making back-to-back seasons where he had more than 1,000 receiving yards. Philadelphia Eagles
<mask> was a mid-season trade in 2018 from the Detroit Lions to the Philadelphia Eagles in exchange for a third-round selection in the 2019 NFL Draft. Overall, he had 74 receptions for 795 yards and four touchdowns.In the Playoff Wild Card Round against the Chicago Bears on January 6, 2019, he made the game-winning touchdown catch on fourth down on a pass thrown by quarterback Nick Foles. The catch helped the Eagles advance to the Divisional Round against the New Orleans Saints, where <mask> had two catches for 18 yards in a 20-14 loss. New York Giants
After the 2018 season ended, <mask> signed a four-year, $37.5 million contract with the New York Giants that included $23 million guaranteed. He was later suspended for the first four games of the upcoming 2019 season for violating the NFL's policy on performance-enhancing substances. <mask> subsequently appealed the suspension on the grounds that the substance was prescribed fertility medication. The appeal was denied by the NFL and <mask> was eventually reinstated on September 30. He finished the 2019 season with 49 receptions for 676 receiving yards and six receiving touchdowns.On October 4, 2020, following a 17-9 Week 4 loss against the Los Angeles Rams, a fight broke out between <mask> and his sister’s ex-boyfriend Jalen Ramsey due in part to Ramsey’s comments against <mask>’s sister Breanna. Ramsey
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has two children with <mask>'s sister. <mask> was not fined for his role in the postgame fight. In Week 8 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on Monday Night Football, <mask> threw one pass for 18 yards and recorded two catches for 31 yards and a touchdown during the 25–23 loss. After <mask> caught the aforementioned touchdown, he yelled "Throw me the ball!" at a camera. After the game, <mask>'s wife made posts on social media complaining about his lack of involvement in the Giants' offense.<mask> also liked a tweet suggesting that the Giants should cut him. <mask> was benched by the Giants for their Week 9 game against the Washington Football Team as a result of his actions. On March 4, 2021, <mask> was released by the Giants. Tennessee Titans
<mask> signed with the Tennessee Titans' practice squad on November 23, 2021. He was released on January 4, 2022. NFL career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
Personal life
He is the son of <mask> Jr., a former wide receiver at Tennessee State who was the 120th overall pick in the fifth round of the 1984 NFL Draft by the Indianapolis Colts. His younger brother, <mask>, was a running back for Vanderbilt University.His younger twin sisters Breanna and Deanna <mask> are both sprinters at The University of Mississippi. <mask> has two nieces through his sister Breanna and NFL cornerback Jalen Ramsey. In March 2017, <mask> married Elise Pollard. They have two children. References
External links
<mask>'s Golden Future Foundation
Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball bio
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football bio
Philadelphia Eagles bio
Seattle Seahawks bio
Detroit Lions bio
1988 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football wide receivers
Baseball players from Tennessee
Detroit Lions players
New York Giants players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
People from Hendersonville, Tennessee
Players of American football from Tennessee
Seattle Seahawks players
Tennessee Titans players
Unconferenced Pro Bowl
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<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (October 19, 1873 – October 17, 1965) was an American cricketer, active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. <mask> was part of the Philadelphia team that played from the end of the 19th century until the outbreak of World War I. This period of cricket in the United States was dominated by "gentlemen cricketers"—men of independent wealth who did not need to work. <mask>, an amateur from a middle-class family, was able to devote time to cricket thanks to a job set up by his teammates. A skilled batsman who proved his worth as a bowler, <mask> set numerous records in the continent of North America during his career and led the first-class bowling averages in England in 1908. He successfully competed against the best cricketers from England and Australia. <mask> was the dominant bowler on his team when it toured England in 1897, 1903, and 1908.He dismissed batsmen with his unique delivery, which he called the "angler", and helped develop the art of swing bowling in the sport. Sir Pelham Warner described <mask> as "one of the finest bowlers of all time", and Donald Bradman called him "America's greatest cricketing son." Early and personal life
<mask> was born in Philadelphia on October 19, 1873. Early in his life, he worked in a linen trade. Although this was the family business, his father later allowed him to leave to enter the insurance industry. <mask> was not a member of the aristocratic and wealthy families of Philadelphia that produced many of the era's top cricketers. <mask>'s obituary in Cricket Quarterly suggests that his career in insurance was set up for him by those families to allow him to continue playing the game.In 1913 (or 1911), <mask> married Fannie Lockhart; the marriage lasted for fifty years. <mask>'s wife died in 1963, and he died in 1965 in his native Philadelphia two days before his 92nd birthday. <mask> was regarded by many of his contemporaries as an affable person. Ralph Barker called him the
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Bob Hope of cricket thanks to his quips and stories. <mask> was also noted for making jabs at opponents, but leaving them laughing at themselves. The same held true when he would question umpires that turned down his appeals. He is said to have spoken for ninety minutes at a dinner during his last tour to England, punctuated every few seconds with laughs.The dinner guests were kept laughing even while <mask> spoke with a dead-pan expression. One man who attended the dinner noted that King "told his impossible tales with such an air of conviction ... that his audiences were always in doubt when to take him seriously. He made their task doubly difficult by sprinkling in a fair mixture of truth with his fiction." Cricketing career
Like most young American men of this era, <mask> came to cricket only after first playing baseball. He began to play club cricket at Tioga Cricket Club in 1888, aged 15, starting out as a batsman. Tioga was one of the lesser Philadelphian cricket clubs. <mask> played his first recorded match for the club in 1889, when he was tried as a bowler due to his physique.He took 37 wickets for 99 runs for the club in the 1889 cricket season. <mask> played for Tioga until 1896, when he joined Belmont Cricket Club. <mask> joined the Philadelphian cricket team for three tours of England while playing at Belmont. <mask>'s most dominating matches came during these tours, playing with the premier American team of the era. Australia in Philadelphia
In 1893, the Australian team stopped by Philadelphia on its way home from a tour of England. Australia fielded a strong side, but the team was tired after a long tour and trip. In spite of this fatigue, the Australians chose to face the full strength of the Gentlemen of Philadelphia in a three-day match starting September 29.On a small ground at Belmont, the September grass was coarse. It had been rolled so that the ball moved very quickly across the ground. The Australian side, fielding
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first, dropped many catches and could not cope with the short boundary, allowing the Philadelphians to reach a huge total of 525 runs. <mask> came in to bat last, at number 11, making 36 runs. The leading Australian bowlers, Hugh Trumble and George Giffen, took 2 for 104 and 0 for 114 respectively. When the Australians came to bat, they hoped that they would, by now, have recovered from their tiring journey, but ran into problems when dealing with <mask>'s developing swing bowling. The side was all out for 199, with <mask> taking 5 wickets for 78 runs.The Australians followed on and were all out again for 268, allowing the Gentlemen of Philadelphia to win by an innings and 68 runs. The cricket world was stunned that a single American city could turn out a side capable of beating the full strength of Australia. The Australians won the return match on October 6 by six wickets, but the Australian captain, Jack Blackham, said to the Americans, "You have better players here than we have been led to believe. They class with England's best." Tour of England in 1897
<mask> won the Child's Bowling Cup, the premier award for bowling in American cricket, for the first time in 1896, and joined the Philadelphian cricket team's tour of England in 1897. The tour was very ambitious, and was arranged mainly for educational purposes: few of those on the American side expected to win many matches. Previous tours had tended to involve amateur English sides with a low level of competition.In 1897, the tour started on June 7 at Oxford, ending in late July at The Oval almost 2 months later. The schedule included fifteen matches against all of the top county cricket teams, the Oxford and Cambridge University teams, the Marylebone Cricket Club, and two other sides, though only a few of the counties thought it worthwhile to put their best elevens onto the field. While the tour initially aroused some curiosity, many English fans lost interest until <mask> and the
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Philadelphians met the full Sussex team at Brighton on June 17. <mask> demonstrated his batting ability in the first innings with a fourth-wicket stand of 107 with John Lester. He then took 7 wickets for 13 runs, and Philadelphia dismissed Sussex for 46 in less than an hour. <mask> took 6 for 102 in Sussex's second innings, helping the Philadelphians to victory by 8 wickets. Despite the excitement surrounding <mask>'s performance, the Americans did not fare well overall, and the results may have been worse than hoped for by the tour's promoters.Philadelphia won only two of their fifteen matches, losing nine and earning a draw in the remaining four. After their win against Sussex, the only other win of the tour came against Warwickshire. During this match, <mask> took 5 for 95 and 7 for 72 and scored 46 runs. According to Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, <mask> proved himself to be the best bowler on the American side and had to do much of the work. He bowled three hundred overs, more than anyone else in the team, taking 72 wickets with a bowling average of a little over 24 runs. In addition to his bowling, <mask> scored 441 runs as a batsman at a batting average of just over 20. Following the 1897 tour, many English counties were interested in securing <mask>'s services.It was thought that he would not play as a professional, so alternative means of remuneration had to be found: one county reportedly offered to arrange a marriage with a widow who had an income of £7000 per year. In the end, <mask> returned to the United States, where he continued to perform very well in club cricket. Tour of England in 1903
The Philadelphian team returned to England in 1903. This proved to be <mask>'s most successful tour, particularly his performances in the matches against Lancashire and Surrey. <mask> played in 13 of the 15 matches on the tour, missing two with a strained side. In his first match, against Cambridge University, he took 5 for 136 and 4 for 28. He
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followed that with 8 for 39 in the first innings against Oxford University, though the match was eventually abandoned as a draw due to rain.In his next match, against Gloucestershire, he took 2 for 26 in the first innings but did not bowl in the second. He also took 7 for 51 and 2 for 28 against a strong MCC side at Lord's. Then came the Lancashire match at Old Trafford Cricket Ground. In Lancashire's first innings, <mask> bowled 27 overs and took 5 wickets for 46 runs. The Philadelphians passed Lancashire's first innings score, but their lead was quickly overtaken in Lancashire's second innings. With the wind strong over <mask>'s left shoulder, the scene was set for him to dominate the opposition. In his first over after the lunch break on day two of the match, he yorked one of Lancashire's opening batsmen and his replacement with successive balls.He clean bowled two more batsmen in his second over, and bowled a stump out of the ground in the third. In 3 overs, he had taken 5 wickets for 7 runs. After this performance, <mask> had to be rested in the field. One batsman was run out before <mask> returned to take 4 more wickets, ending the innings with 9 for 62. The Philadelphians won next morning by nine wickets. Against Surrey on August 6, <mask> was overpowering again. It was in this match that <mask> gave what Barker called his finest first-class performance ever.Batting first, he scored 98 runs in the Philadelphian's first innings before being run out, and he then took 3 for 89 in Surrey's reply. In the second innings, he made 113 not out and then took 3 for 98. Surrey lost the match by 110 runs. Apparently, <mask> was so exhausted after his performance that he fell asleep during a speech by the Lord Chief Justice Lord Alverstone at a banquet after the match. Tour of England in 1908
King toured England with the Philadelphians a third time in 1908. This tour included both first-class matches and more minor ones. The first match that was played
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was against South Wales in Cardiff.The Philadelphians won by 36 behind the bowling of <mask> and Ranji Hordern. The pair took all 20 wickets of the Welsh side. After this, the first-class matches began with Worcestershire on July 9. Again the Philadelphians won and again Hordern and <mask> took most of the wickets. This trend continued throughout the tour. In the first-class matches that <mask> played, the Philadelphians recorded four wins and six losses. Although he was already 35 years old, <mask> had posted extraordinary numbers in his bowling.He topped the bowling averages for the entire 1908 English cricket season at 11.01. This mark was not bettered until 1958, when Les Jackson of Derbyshire posted an average of 10.99. Later career
<mask>'s cricketing career did not end with his last first-class match. He continued to play club matches in Philadelphia and participated in non-first-class fixtures around the continent. <mask> is noted for holding the bowling record against Canada. On a rainy afternoon at Philadelphia in 1906, <mask> bowled into a slight breeze to capture 8 wickets for 17 runs. This record came in a four-year period during which <mask> focused on club cricket in Philadelphia, when he won the city's batting award three times and the bowling award four times.<mask> played in his last two international matches in 1912, against Australia. His performances were of the highest quality, given that he was nearing his fortieth year. In the first match, he took 9 wickets for 78 runs to help Philadelphia win by 2 runs; in the second, Australia won by 45 runs despite him taking 8 for 74. <mask> joined the Philadelphia Cricket Club after the 1912 season. Despite being well past his 40th year, he continued to play competitive cricket for another 4 years. His 27-year career ended with his last game for the Philadelphia Cricket Club against Frankford, on July 20, 1916. On this occasion, his bowling and batting skills had declined, but he
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maintained a batting average of 43.33 for that final season.Death
<mask> died at a nursing home in his native Philadelphia in 1965, two days short of his 92nd birthday. The Times newspaper in the UK ran an obituary for him, which quoted Plum Warner as saying that: "Had he been an Englishman or an Australian, he would have been even more famous than he was." Achievements and legacy
Though <mask> focused on bowling throughout his career, he was also a very fine batsman. In 1905, he established a North American record batting record by scoring 315 at the Germantown Cricket Club. The following year, he scored 344 not out for Belmont against the Merion Cricket Club, setting a North American batting record which still stands. He scored 39 centuries in his North American career, and he topped 1,000 runs in six seasons. He took over 100 wickets in eight seasons, including a double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets in four seasons.In his whole career, he scored 19,808 runs at an average of 36.47, and took 2,088 wickets at an average of 10.47. He took all 10 wickets in an innings on three occasions, and took 9 wickets in an innings five times. One of these occasions, in the Gentlemen of Ireland's first innings in 1909, was followed by a hat-trick in the second innings. There is an apocryphal story of <mask> emulating a famous baseball pitcher of the day, Rube Waddell, by sending all his fielders back into the pavilion and finishing off the opponent's innings on his own. <mask> and Belmont were playing Trenton in the Halifax Cup at Elmwood Cricket Ground. Some versions of the story have him banishing the fielders and then calling one of them to a position back and to the leg side. This fielder was stationed there to pick up the bails which landed at his feet after <mask> bowled his trademark "angler".This story was disputed some years later by the captain of Trenton, who claimed that when he "went in to bat that afternoon, <mask> had four balls left in his
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over." He claimed to have "hit the first delivery to cover point but of course there was no one there. The ball stopped within three feet of the boundary, and <mask> had to chase it. By the time he got back we had run six." The captain claimed to be the only batsmen to have hit four consecutive sixes off <mask>, but commended the bowler on his ability to spin a tale. Thanks to his dominant performance over his career and his renown in the world of cricket, <mask> was elected an honorary member of the Incogniti Cricket Club in 1908 and an honorary life member of the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1962. When Plum Warner was asked to name the greatest bowler who ever lived, he said that <mask> <mask>, "at the top of his power and speed, was at least the equal of the greatest of them all."<mask> is credited as one of the first bowlers to utilise swing bowling deliberately. Other bowlers in his time could sometimes get the ball to swing, but <mask> was one of the first to do so at will with an old or new ball. He made use of a lethal delivery which he called the "angler", a product of his experience as a baseball pitcher, to confuse the English batsmen. He would come in with the ball clasped above his head in both hands as would a baseball pitcher. He was famous for his late swing—in and out—and would produce the in-swinger with his right hand coming down from a point over his left shoulder. He described it as an in-swinger which, if properly bowled, would change direction sharply in the last 10 or of flight. <mask> used this ball only sparingly and only against good batsmen.After a tour to Philadelphia by an Australian side in 1896, George Giffen said "the Philadelphians really have some high-class players, but it was the fact of their bowlers playing us with baseball curves that upset our batsmen." Notes
External links
1873 births
1965 deaths
Cricketers from Philadelphia
Philadelphian cricketers
Cricketers who have taken ten wickets in an
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<mask> (14 January 1798 – 4 June 1872) was a Dutch liberal statesman, one of the most important Dutch politicians of the 19th century. In 1848, he headed the commission that drafted the revision of the Constitution of the Netherlands, giving less power to the king and more to the States General, and guaranteeing more religious, personal and political freedom to the people. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Zwolle. His father Frederik Willem was a Lutheran tobacco manufacturer of German descent, while his mother Christine Regina was born in the Lower Saxon Osnabrück. Frederik Willem's business suffered badly from the anti-British policies of the French occupiers, and his tobacco factory went bankrupt in 1803, after which he was unable to find another source of employment and would spend most of his time on the education of <mask> and his younger brother. <mask> proved to be diligent and exemplary at a young age, showing intelligence and curiosity. Because of the sacrifices of his parents, who continued to struggle with financial problems, he was able to enjoy decent education.He enjoyed primary education in his birthplace and in Amsterdam, where he lived until 1806, and attended a Latin school back in Zwolle until 1814. Thorbecke began studying classical literature and philosophy in Amsterdam, studies he finished in Leiden defending a thesis on Asinius Pollio in 1820. Shortly after taking his doctorate, Thorbecke was granted a state scholarship for a journey through Germany. At Giessen he lectured as an extraordinary professor, and at Göttingen, in 1824, published his treatise, Ueber das Wesen der Geschichte. He would spend four years travelling, during which he was introduced to historism
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<mask> (10 May 1915 – 7 September 2004) was a South African cleric, theologian and the leading Afrikaner anti-apartheid activist. He was known simply as <mask>, or more colloquially, Oom Bey (Afrikaans for "Uncle Bey"). Early life and education
One of eight children, <mask>é was born to <mask> and <mask> (née) van Huyssteen in Roodepoort, Transvaal (now Gauteng). The progenitor of the Naudé name was a French Huguenot refugee named <mask> who arrived in the Cape in 1718. The Naudé surname is one of numerous French surnames that retained their original spelling in South Africa. Beyers Naudé was named for General <mask>, under whom his father had served as a soldier and unofficial pastor during the second Anglo-Boer War. <mask>, an Afrikaner cleric, "was convinced that the British would never leave."He helped to found the Broederbond (Afrikaans, "Brotherhood" or "League of Brothers"), the powerful Afrikaner men's secret society that played a dominant role in apartheid South Africa. The Broederbond became especially synonymous with the Afrikaner-dominated National Party that won power in 1948 and implemented the racial segregation policy of apartheid. The elder Naudé also helped produce the earliest translations of the Bible into Afrikaans. In 1921, the Naudé family moved to the Cape Province town of Graaff-Reinet, in the Karoo region. <mask> <mask> attended Afrikaans Hoërskool [Afrikaans High School], matriculating in 1931. Naudé studied theology at the University of Stellenbosch and lived at Wilgenhof men's residence. He graduated in 1939 with an MA in languages and a theology degree.His sociology lecturer was the future prime minister and chief-architect of apartheid, H. F. Verwoerd. But Naudé credited Stellenbosch theologian Ben Keet with laying the groundwork for his own theological dissent. Naudé was ordained in 1939 as a minister in the South African Dutch Reformed Church and joined the Broederbond as
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its youngest member. For 20 years he served various congregations, starting at Wellington in Western Cape Province (1940–1942), Loxton (1942–945), Pretoria - South-Olifantsfontein (1945–1949), Pretoria East (1945–1954), Potchefstroom (1954–1959) and Aasvoëlkop (Johannesburg) (1959–1963) preaching a religious justification for apartheid. On 3 August 1940 Naudé married Ilse Weder, whose father had been a Moravian missionary. The couple had three sons and a daughter. Anti-apartheid activities
The Sharpeville massacre in 1960 (during which the South African police killed 69 black demonstrators protesting against restrictions on their freedom of movement) ended his support for his church's political teachings.He began to question the biblical justification of apartheid by the Dutch Reformed Church: "I made an intensive study of the Bible to prove that those justifications were not valid. I concluded that the passages that were being used by the white DRC to justify apartheid were unfounded. In some cases, there was a deliberate distortion in order to prove the unprovable!" In the three decades after his resignation from the denomination, <mask>'s vocal support for racial reconciliation and equal rights led to upheavals in the Dutch Reformed Church. Cottesloe and the Christian Institute of Southern Africa
In response to Sharpeville, the World Council of Churches (WCC) sent a delegation to Johannesburg to meet with clerics. <mask>, by then the moderator of his church district (the Southern Transvaal Synod), helped to organize a consultation (the Cottesloe Consultation)
between the WCC and eighty South African church delegates in Cottesloe, a Johannesburg suburb. The Cottesloe Consultation's resolutions rejected race as the basis of exclusion from churches, and affirmed the right of all people to own land and have a say in how they are governed.<mask> alone among his church's delegates steadfastly continued to
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reject any theological basis for apartheid after Prime Minister Verwoerd forced the DRC delegation to repudiate the consultation. The Dutch Reformed Church later left the World Council of Churches. In 1963 <mask> founded the Christian Institute of Southern Africa (CI), an ecumenical organization with the aim of fostering reconciliation through interracial dialogue, research, and publications. The DRC forced <mask> to choose between his status as minister and directorship of the CI. He then resigned his church post, left his Aasvoëlkop congregation in Northcliff, Johannesburg, and resigned from the Broederbond in 1963. As a result, he lost his status as minister in the Dutch Reformed Church. His last sermon to his congregation noted that "We must show greater loyalty to God than to man".Stoically anticipating the enormous pressure by the Afrikaner political and church establishment that was to come, he told his wife: "We must prepare for ten years in the wilderness." Former Archbishop Desmond Tutu later said "Beyers became a leper in the Afrikaner community." During the same year <mask> was blamed for leaking secret, confidential and unauthorized documents about the Broederbond to the press. The University of the Witwatersrand New Testament scholar Professor Albert S. Geyser later admitted that he had leaked the documents. Naudé had given the documents to Geyser to evaluate the extent of the influence of the Broederbond on the church. Geyser then provided the information to a journalist at The Sunday Times. The book " The Super-Afrikaners.Inside the Afrikaner Broederbond " written by Ivor Wilkins and Hans Strydom published in 1978 exposed a name list of possible members of the Broederbond. The source of these documents, that was taken without authorization, was blamed on Naudé. In 1967 Naudé and Geyser won a libel case against conservative Pretoria Professor Adriaan Pont, who had called them communists. In
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post-apartheid government. In 1980 Naudé and three other DRC theologians broke with the DRC and were accepted as clergy by the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa, the black African denomination established by the white Dutch Reformed Church. After his unbanning in 1985, he succeeded Archbishop Desmond Tutu as secretary general of the South African Council of Churches. In this role he called for the release of political prisoners (especially Nelson Mandela) and negotiation with the African National Congress.In 1987 the apartheid regime outlawed public pleas for the release of detainees. But Naudé pressed Christians to continue to publicly pray for detainees, despite government threats of imprisonment. After his term at the South African Council of Churches ended, Naudé continued to serve a number of anti-apartheid and development organizations, including the Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, the Ecumenical Service for Socio-Economic Transformation, Kagiso Trust, and the Editorial Board of Challenge Magazine. Post-apartheid influence
After 1990 Naudé occasionally opened ANC events with scripture readings. That same year he was invited by the African National Congress to be the only Afrikaner member on their delegation in negotiations with the National Party government at Groote Schuur. Despite his long association with the African National Congress, Naudé never actually joined the party. Some have speculated that this, along with his advanced age and constant ill health during the last few years of his life, caused him to be politically sidelined.Others conclude that <mask> harbored a fierce independence and never sought personal advancement. Despite his association with the ANC, for instance, he also maintained ties with the black consciousness movement and the Pan Africanist Congress. In 2000 he signed the Declaration of Commitment by White South Africans, a public document that acknowledged that
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apartheid had damaged black South Africans. After his death at 89 on 7 September 2004, Nelson Mandela eulogized <mask> as "a true humanitarian and a true son of Africa." Naudé's official state funeral on Saturday 18 September 2004 was attended by President Thabo Mbeki, other dignitaries, and high-ranking ANC officials. Naudé's ashes were scattered in the township of Alexandra, just outside Johannesburg. He was survived by his wife, four children, and two great-grandchildren.Despite being persecuted by his own ethnic group, Naudé "never outwardly expressed spite for his former opponents. 'I am an Afrikaner,' he said. 'I saw myself never as anything else but an Afrikaner, and I'm very grateful for the small contribution which I could have made.'" Honors and accolades
During his life Naudé received several honors, including the Bruno Kreisky Award for services to human rights (Austria, 1979), the Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Award (USA, 1984), the African American Institute Award (USA, 1985), Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award (USA, 1985) along with Allan Boesak and Winnie Mandela, the Swedish Labour Movement Award (Sweden, 1988), the Order of Oranje-Nassau (Netherlands, 1995), Order for Meritorious Service (Gold) (South Africa, 1997), and the Order of Merit (Germany, 1999). Naudé received fourteen honorary doctorates during his lifetime and in 1993 he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by the American Friends Service Committee. Legacy
In 2001 the city of Johannesburg, where he had lived most of his life in the suburb of Greenside, honored Naudé in several ways. Naudé received the Freedom of the City of Johannesburg while DF Malan Drive, a major road in Johannesburg, was renamed Beyers Naudé Drive.The Library Gardens in downtown Johannesburg, formerly known as Market Square, were renamed as Beyers Naudé Square. In 2004 Naudé was voted 36th among Top 100 Great South Africans in an informal poll
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<mask> (13 October 1867 – 26 February 1905) was a prolific Australian novelist and writer, noted for sensational fiction in variety magazines around the end of the nineteenth century. He lived mainly in England. He is best known for such works as the Dr Nikola series, about an occultist criminal mastermind who is a Victorian forerunner to Fu Manchu, and Pharos, the Egyptian, a tale of Gothic Egypt, mummies' curses and supernatural revenge. Rudyard Kipling was his friend and mentor, and his books were remembered with affection by George Orwell. Biography
<mask> was born in Adelaide to a prominent family in the recently established British colony of South Australia. His father was <mask>, who for a time was a member of the South Australian Legislative Assembly, three of his uncles were senior colonial administrators, and his grandfather was <mask> (1803–1868), controversial judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia from 1853 to 1867. When Boothby was aged approximately seven his English-born mother, whom he held in great regard, separated from his father and returned with her children to England.There he received a traditional English grammar school education at Salisbury, Lord Weymouth's Grammar (now Warminster School) and Christ's Hospital, London. Following this, Boothby returned alone to South Australia at sixteen, where, in his turn, he entered the colonial administration as private secretary to the mayor of Adelaide, Lewis Cohen, but was "not contented" with the work. Despite <mask>'s family tradition of colonial service, his natural inclinations ran more to the creative than to the administrative and he was not satisfied with his limited role as a provincial colonial servant. In 1890, aged 23, Boothby wrote the libretto for a comic opera, Sylvia, which was published and produced at Adelaide in December 1890, and
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in 1891 his second show, The Jonquil: an Opera, appeared. He also wrote and performed in an operetta, Dimple's Lovers, for Adelaide's Garrick Club theatre group. The music in each case was written by Cecil James Sharp. His first literary ventures were directed at the theatre, but his ambition was not appeased by the lukewarm response his melodramas received in Adelaide.Hence when severe economic collapse hit most of the Australian colonies in the early 1890s, he followed the well-beaten path to London in December 1891. <mask>, however, was thwarted in his first bid for recognition as lack of funds forced him to disembark en route in Colombo, Sri Lanka and begin making his way homewards through South East Asia. According to family legend, the dire poverty he faced on this journey led him to accept any kind of work he could get: ‘This meant working before the mast, stoking in ocean tramps, attending in a Chinese opium den in Singapore, digging in the Burmah Ruby fields, acting, prize fighting, cow punching...’ This was followed by a brief sojourn on Thursday Island, a Melanesian island in the Torres Strait group recently annexed by the Queensland colony, where he worked as a diver in the lucrative pearl trade; and finally by an arduous journey overland across the Australian continent home to Adelaide. While Paul Depasquale, author of the only <mask> biography, warns that this account of his travels may be somewhat glamorous, Boothby certainly travelled extensively in South East Asia, Melanesia and Australia at this period, collecting a stock of colonial anecdotes and experiences that were to influence much of his later writing. Approximately two years later Boothby finally reached London and succeeded in having an account of his peregrinations, On the Wallaby, or Through the East and Across Australia, published in 1894.
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The travelogue met with reasonable success, which was matched later that year by <mask>'s first novel, In Strange Company. A novel of adventure set variously in England, Australia, the South Seas and South America, In Strange Company established a pattern that was to characterise the succeeding Boothby oeuvre – the use of exotic, international and particularly Australasian locales that frequently function as an end in themselves superfluous to the requirements of plot.By October 1895, Boothby had completed three further novels, including A Bid for Fortune, the first Dr Nikola novel which catapulted Boothby to wide acclaim. Of the two other novels Boothby wrote in 1895 A Lost Endeavour was set on Thursday Island and The Marriage of Esther ranged across several Torres Strait Islands. Boothby continued to produce fiction at a ferocious rate, producing up to six novels a year across the range of genres prevalent at the fin de siècle, and is credited with producing over 53 novels in total, not to mention dozens of short stories and plays. Death
<mask> died at his home, aged but 38 years, in Boscombe, near Bournemouth, from complications arising from influenza, on 26 February 1905. His grave is in the town's Wimborne Road Cemetery. Writing
Some of Boothby's earlier works relate to stories of Australian life, but later he turned to genre fiction including crime fiction, imperial romance, science fiction and Gothic horror. Boothby's oeuvre is pervaded by an array of intriguing and subversive villains whose larger than life characters eclipse the unremarkable English protagonists.They range from the classic supernatural fiends of fin-de-siècle gothic, to deformed freaks (a particular penchant of <mask>'s), to sophisticated international master criminals that anticipate the adversaries of Ian Fleming's Bond character. In their
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depiction of the international master criminal and the revenge of the undead ancient Egyptian Boothby's novels were influential in establishing two key tropes of the cinematic age, which persist long after the novels themselves have faded into obscurity. The Dr Nikola Series
Boothby was once well known for his series of novels about Doctor Nikola, an occultist anti-hero seeking immortality and world domination. The adventures of Nikola were launched with the first episode of A Bid for Fortune which was serialised in The Windsor Magazine (a rival to The Strand Magazine). Nikola is described as dressing in "faultless evening dress, slender, having dark peculiar eyes and dark hair, and white toad-coloured skin." Dr Nikola starred in a play The Adventures of Dr. Nikola, by Ben Landeck and Oswald Brand, which ran briefly in London in 1902. Other novels
In A Prince of Swindlers he created the character of Simon Carne, a gentleman thief in the Raffles mould, with an alter ego as the eccentric detective Klimo.Carne first appeared in Pearson's Magazine in 1897, predating Raffles by two years. Pharos the Egyptian (1899) is a thriller with romance and some supernaturalism in which a very sinister old man, Pharos, proves to be Ptahmes, a mummy who has survived through the centuries with full magical powers. The Curse of the Snake (1902) is referred to by Brian Stableford as the most interesting of <mask>'s novels. However, Stableford states that <mask> "very obviously made up his novel plots as he went along and that therefore this novel "concludes with a woefully inadequate explanation of its marvelously creepy opening sequence." Ghost Stories
<mask> wrote a number of ghost stories, mainly from his collections Uncle Joe's Legacy and Other Stories (1902) and The Lady on the Island (1904). Amongst the best-known of these are "The
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Black Lady of Brin Tor", "A Strange Goldfield" and "The Lady on the Island" and "Remorseless Vengeance." These have been reprinted in horror anthologies edited variously by Richard Dalby, Hugh Lamb, Leigh Blackmore and James Doig.Bibliography
Doctor Nikola
A Bid for Fortune: or, Dr Nikola's Vendetta (1895) (AKA Enter, Dr Nikola) (note: included in the Wordsworth Editions omnibus Dr Nikola Master Criminal, 2009)
Dr Nikola (1896) AKA Dr. Nikola Returns (note: included in the Wordsworth Editions omnibus Dr Nikola Master Criminal, 2009)
The Lust of Hate (1898) (note: Dr Nikola makes only a peripheral appearance in this novel). Dr Nikola's Experiment (1899)
"Farewell, Nikola" (1901)
Other works
Other books written by <mask> include:
On the Wallaby: or, Through the East and Across Australia (1894)
In Strange Company: a Story of Chili and the Southern Seas (1894)
A Lost Endeavour (1895)
The Marriage of Esther: a Torres Straits Sketch (1895)
The Beautiful White Devil (1897)
Bushigrams (1897)
The Fascination of the King (1897)
The Phantom Stockman (1897)
Sheila McLeod: a Heroine of the Back Blocks (1897)
The Duchess of Wiltshire's Diamonds (1897)
Across The World For a Wife (1898)
Billy Binks, Hero: and Other Stories (1898)
Love Made Manifest (1899)
Pharos, The Egyptian (1899)
The Red Rat's Daughter (1899)
A Sailor's Bride (1899)
"Long Live the King!" (Dissertation, Universita degli studi di Padova, online)
William Patrick Maynard,"Dr. Nikola and Pharos the Egyptian"
1867 births
1905 deaths
19th-century Australian novelists
20th-century Australian novelists
Australian male novelists
Australian people of English descent
Writers from Adelaide
People educated at Lord Weymouth's Grammar School
19th-century male writers
20th-century Australian male writers
People buried at the Wimborne Road Cemetery,
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<mask> (born May 21, 1961), is an Austrian right-wing conservative politician. He was a member of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) until 2007, and a member of the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ) from 2007 until 2013. He ran for the European Parliament in 2009 as BZÖ's leading candidate and was a member of the European Parliament from 2011 to 2014. In 2014 he was chosen as the first party leader of The Reform Conservatives (REKOS). Early life and education
<mask> was born in Mäder, Austria. After his schooling, he worked at the Feldkirch city finance office. Later he studied law at the University of Innsbruck.As one of the requirements for becoming an attorney under the law of Austria, he completed his court practicum year at the regional court at Krems an der Donau. Political career
In Vorarlberg state
From 1985 to 1996 <mask> <mask> was a member of the municipal council (Gemeinderat) in Mäder and a member of its Gemeindevorstand (an elected subgroup of the Gemeinderat) from 1990 to 1994. As early as 1989 he was elected to the Landtag (provincial assembly) of Vorarlberg, in which he remained until 1994. In addition, from 1991 to 1994 <mask> was head of the Landtag caucus of the Vorarlberg Freedom Party (FPÖ). Also, while he was active in Vorarlberg provincial politics, he held the role of a member of the Vorarlberg FPÖ Provincial Party Committee. On November 7, 1994, <mask> moved up to the National Council of Austria (Nationalrat) as an FPÖ member, where he remained until April 28, 1999. Furthermore, he was a member of the FPÖ's Federal Party Committee (Bundesparteivorstand).In Lower Austria and in Federal office
When he moved to Lower Austria, <mask> became deputy provincial party chief of the FPÖ for Lower Austria in 1998 and was a member of the Lower Austria provincial council between 1999 and 2001. On July 1, 2001, he became a Volksanwalt (ombudsman) at the Federal level, responsible for commerce and advertising, defense, schools and culture, police, and the
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administration of justice. He stepped down as Volksanwalt on October 30, 2006 when he won a seat in the National Council. Starting in the summer of 2004, <mask> directed the Freedom Party Academy and was responsible for the training of FPÖ functionaries. However, the Academy became less important after a thorough reorganization in December 2006. <mask> took up his seat for the FPÖ in the National Council on October 30, 2006. After internal differences with the FPÖ leadership, he resigned from the party on March 7, 2007, although he remained a member of the Freedom Party caucus.He announced on August 16, 2008, that he was joining the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ) for the National Council election of 2008. However, he wanted to remain a free deputy, elected from a district. Since October 28, 2008, <mask> has been a representative of the BZÖ in the National Council. <mask> was deputy chief of the Freedom Party caucus from October 30, 2006 to March 6, 2007, and was elected deputy chief of the BZÖ caucus on October 28, 2008. On April 3, 2009, <mask> was elected as the new party chief of the Lower Austria BZÖ with 97.7 percent of the vote. He succeeded Christine Döttelmayer, who had stepped down from her position at the end of February 2009. In the European Parliament
<mask> entered the European Parliament election in June 2009 as the leading candidate of the BZÖ.The 4.6 percent of votes received was not sufficient to win a seat at the time. However, when the Treaty of Lisbon took effect on December 1, 2009, Austria gained two seats in the European Parliament, making the BZÖ vote retrospectively sufficient to win <mask> a seat. After a delay of two years while other EU countries completed the process of choosing their own new MEPs and pending the ratification of certain treaty changes, <mask> was seated as an MEP on December 11, 2011. In October 2013 he was expelled from the BZÖ along with Stefan Petzner by designated leader Gerald Grosz for retrospectively publicly
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criticizing BZÖ's campaigning and poor election result in the Austrian legislative election of 2013. As of January 2014, <mask> retained his seat in the European Parliament as an unaffiliated member. On 23 December 2013 (one day before Christmas Eve) <mask>, together with Rudolf Gehring of the Christian Party of Austria announced in a press conference they were founding a new party, The Reform Conservatives (REKOS) () for which <mask> would run for the European Parliament election on 25 May 2014. <mask> was elected national party leader of REKOS on 8 March 2014.His term in the European Parliament ended on June 30, 2014. On the international stage
Speech against Turkey
In 2010, after the Turkish ambassador to Austria, Kadri Ecvet Tezcan, complained in an interview about the integration of Turkish immigrants in Austria., <mask> responded in the Austrian parliament with a speech about cases of intolerance in Turkey. International observer in Ukraine crisis
In 2014, <mask> <mask> participated as a member of international observers groups who acknowledged the Eastern Ukrainian referendums in Crimea and in the Donetsk-Lugansk regions. Personal life
<mask> is a member of the Catholic lay association Compagnia di Santa Maria della Mercede, affiliated with the Mercedarian order. During his law studies at Innsbruck he was close to the Catholic traditionalist movement the Society of St. Pius X. He is married and has six children. References
External links
(in German)
ORF Artikel mit Auszügen aus Stadlers Biografie
„FPÖ: Halbstarker gegen Halbwilden“ Hintergrundartikel zum Streit zwischen Stadler und Strache im profil
Fotoreportage: <mask> <mask>
„Lieber gesetzlos als ein Untertan“ aus „Die Zeit“ vom 17.April 2008
1961 births
Living people
Catholicism and far-right politics
People from Feldkirch District
University of Innsbruck alumni
Austrian traditionalist Catholics
Alliance for the Future of Austria MEPs
The Reform Conservatives MEPs
Ombudsmen in Austria
MEPs for Austria
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<mask> (born <mask>, also known as <mask>) (December 19, 1804 – August 14, 1865) was an American painter and printmaker of a style that would later be called Luminism, for its use of pervasive light. Biography
<mask> was born on December 19, 1804, in Gloucester, Massachusetts. <mask> was christened <mask> on March 17, 1805, and would remain known as such until he was 27. It was not until March 13, 1832, that the state of Massachusetts would officially grant <mask>'s own formal request (made in a letter dated December 26, 1831) to change his name from Nathaniel Rogers to <mask>. As with practically all aspects of <mask>'s life, the subject of his name is one surrounded by much confusion—it was not until 2005 that historians discovered that they had been wrongly referring to the artist as <mask>, as opposed to his chosen Fitz <mask>. The reasons behind <mask>'s decision to change his name, and for choosing the name he did, are still very unclear; although, one suggestion is that he did it "to differentiate himself from the well-known miniature painter Nathaniel Rodgers". From the time of his birth, <mask> would be exposed to the sea and maritime life—a factor that obviously had a great impact on his later choice of subject matter.Many circumstances of his young life ensured <mask>'s constant interaction with various aspects of this maritime life, including the fact that <mask>'s family lived "upon the periphery of Gloucester Harbor's working waterfront," and that his father, Jonathan Dennison <mask>, was a sailmaker, and quite possibly owned and ran a sail loft. It is often speculated that <mask> would most likely have
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pursued some seafaring career, or become a sail-maker like his father, instead of an artist, had it not been for a lifelong handicap <mask> developed as a child. Although the cause cannot be known with certainty, it is thought that the ingestion of some part of the Peru-Apple—a poisonous weed also known as jimsonweed—by <mask> at the age of eighteen months caused the paralysis of the legs from which <mask> would never recover. Furthermore, it has been suggested by art historian James A. Craig that because he could not play games as the other children did, he was forced to find some other means of amusement, and that in such a pursuit he discovered and was able to develop his talent for drawing. To go a step further, as a result of his having a busy seaport as immediate surroundings, he was able to develop a special skill in depicting the goings-on inherent in such an environment. <mask> could still have become a sail-maker, as such an occupation entailed much time spent sitting and sewing, and that <mask> already had some experience sewing from his short-lived apprenticeship in shoe-making. However, as evidenced in this quote from <mask>'s nephew <mask>'s "Early Recollections," his interest in art held much sway in his deciding on a career: "Before he became an artist he worked for a short time making shoes, but after a while, seeing that he could draw pictures better than he could make shoes he went to Boston and took lessons in drawing and painting and became a marine artist."<mask> acquired such "lessons" by way of his employment at Pendleton's Lithography shop in Boston, which lasted from 1832 to 1847. With the
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refinement and development of his artistic skills acquired during his years working as a lithographer, <mask> was able to successfully produce marine paintings of high quality, as evidenced in his being listed, officially, as a "marine painter" in the Boston Almanac of 1840. <mask> continued to refine his painting style, and consequently, the demand for his marine paintings increased as well. <mask> had visited Gloucester often while living in Boston, and in 1848, he returned permanently. In 1849, <mask> began overseeing construction of a house/studio of his own design on Duncan's Point—this house would remain his primary residence to the end of his life. <mask> <mask> continued to produce beautiful marine paintings and seascapes into his later years. He died in his home on Duncan's Point on August 14, 1865, and is buried in Oak Grove Cemetery.Training and influences
However ambiguous many aspects of <mask>'s life and career may remain, a few things are certain. First, <mask> was, even in childhood, clearly gifted in the field of art. As was noted by J. Babson, a local Gloucester historian and contemporary in <mask>'s time, <mask> "showed in boyhood a talent for drawing and painting; but received no instruction in the rules till he went to Boston." In addition to confirming <mask>'s early talent, this observation also indicates that <mask> was largely self-taught in the field of art—more specifically drawing and paintings—previous to beginning his employment at Pendleton's lithography firm at the age of 28. <mask>'s first-known and recorded work, a watercolor titled The Burning of the Packet Ship "Boston," executed
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by <mask> in 1830, is regarded by many art historians as evidence of <mask>'s primitive grasp of the finer points of artistic composition previous to his employment at Pendleton's. <mask> may have supplemented his primary, purely experimental practices in drawing and painting with the study of instructional books on drawing, or more likely, by the study of books on the subject of ship design. Some study of the literature on the subject of ship design seems highly plausible, given that <mask> would have had easy access to many such texts, and, more importantly, the most certain necessity of such a study in order for <mask> to be able to produce works of such accurate detail in realistically depicting a ship as it actually appeared in one of any given number of possible circumstances it faced in traversing the sea.At the time when <mask> began his employment at Pendleton's, it was common practice for aspiring American artists—especially those who, like <mask>, could not afford a more formal education in the arts by traveling to Europe or by attending one of the prestigious American art academies, such as New York's National Academy of Design or Philadelphia's Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts—to seek work as a lithographer, this being the next logical step in their pursuit of a career in the arts. As for why such employment was beneficial to the budding artist, art historian James A. Craig, in his book Fitz H. Lane: An Artist's Voyage through Nineteenth-Century America, the most comprehensive account of <mask>'s life and career, offers this illuminating description of the career evolution of the typical
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lithographer:
"... an apprentice's schooling presumably began with the graining of stones, the making of lithographic crayons, and the copying of the designs and pictures of others onto limestone. As his talents developed, the apprentice would find himself gradually taking on more challenging tasks, from drafting and composing images (the role of the designer) to ultimately being permitted to draw his own original compositions upon limestone (that most prestigious of ranks within the litho shop, the lithographic artist). Since the compositional techniques employed in lithography differed little from those taught in European academic drawing, and the tonal work so necessary for the process to succeed was akin to that found in painting (indeed, when his studio began in 1825 John Pendleton specifically sought out painters for employment in his establishment due to their habits of thinking in tonal terms), an apprenticeship within a lithographic workshop like Pendleton's in Boston was roughly equivalent to that offered by fine art academies for beginning students." Working in the lithography shop, <mask> would have been taught the stylistic techniques for producing artistic compositions from the practiced seniors among his fellow employees. As noted above, because Pendleton specifically sought painters to work in his shop, <mask> would most likely have received the benefit of working under and with some of the most skilled aspiring and established marine and landscape painters of his day. The English maritime painter Robert Salmon, who, historians have discovered, came to work at Pendleton's at a period coinciding with
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<mask>'s employment therein, is regarded as having had a large impact, stylistically, on <mask>'s early works.Beginning in the early 1840s <mask> would declare himself publicly to be a marine painter while simultaneously continuing his career as a lithographer. He quickly attained an eager and enthusiastic patronage from several of the leading merchants and mariners in Boston, New York, and his native Gloucester. <mask>'s career would ultimately find him painting harbor and ship portraits, along with the occasional purely pastoral scene, up and down the eastern seaboard of the United States, from as far north as the Penobscot Bay/Mount Desert Island region of Maine, to as far south as San Juan, Puerto Rico. Style
From one of his first copied lithographs, View of the Town of Gloucester, Mass (1836), to his very last works, <mask> would incorporate many of the following arrangements and techniques consistently in the composition of his art works, both his lithographs and paintings:
Nautical subject matter
Depiction of various naval craft in highly accurate detail
An overall extensive amount of detail
The distinctive expanse of sky
Pronounced attention to depicting the interplay of light and dark
Hyper-accentuated vegetation within the immediate foreground
An elevated "insider point of view" perspective
Perhaps most characteristic element of <mask>'s paintings is the incredible amount of attention paid to detail—probably due in part to his lithographic training, as the specific style of lithography that was popular at the time of his training was characterized by the goal of verisimilitude. In terms of <mask>'s
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influences and relations to the artistic tradition of Luminism, Barbara Novak, in her book "American Painting in the Nineteenth Century", relates <mask>'s later works to Ralph Waldo Emerson's Transcendentalism (which she relates directly to the emergence of Luminism), claiming that "[<mask>] was the most 'transparent eyeball", and that this was evidenced by <mask>'s balancing of what Novak describes as the "contributions of the primitive and the graphic traditions to his art", the primitive being what he learned on his own by first observing and interacting with the surrounding environment he sought to depict, and the graphic being those skills <mask> acquired through working as a lithographer. This balance does indeed seem to support the connection of <mask>'s works with Luminism, as one definition of luminist art is that "characterized by a heightened perception of reality carefully organized and controlled by principles of design. As one of the styles of landscape painting to emerge in the nineteenth century, luminism embraced the contemporary preoccupation with nature as a manifestation of God's grand plan.It was luminism more than any other of the schools that succeeded in imbuing an objective study of nature with a depth of feeling. This was accomplished through a genuine love and understanding of the elements of nature—discernible in the intimate arrangement of leaves on a bough—and their arrangement to reveal the poetry inherent in a given scene." Legacy
Other findings have shed new light onto not only <mask>'s artistic process but have also revealed him to have been a staunch social reformer, particularly
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within the American temperance movement. As well, the long-held suspicion that <mask> was a transcendentalist has been confirmed, and it has been uncovered that he was also a Spiritualist. Sensational claims that <mask> was "a somewhat saddened and introspective figure … often prone to moodiness with friends", and that his existence was one of "quiet loneliness", have been proven fallacious with the full quotation of the testimony of John Trask, a patron, friend, and next door neighbor of the artist, who states that <mask> "was always hard at work and had no moods in his work. Always pleasant and genial with visitors. He was unmarried having had no romance.He was always a favorite and full of fun. He liked evening parties and was fond of getting up tableaux." Long believed to have given instruction to only one artist during his career—a local lady of limited artistic abilities named Mary Mellen—it has now been established that <mask> was the instructor and mentor to several other artists, most importantly Benjamin Champney and America's other great 19th century marine painter, William Bradford. A contemporary of the Hudson River School, he enjoyed a reputation as America's premier painter of marine subjects during his lifetime, but fell into obscurity soon after his death with the rise of French Impressionism. <mask>'s work would be rediscovered in the 1930s by the art collector Maxim Karolik, after which his art steadily grew in popularity among private collectors and public institutions. His work can now command at auction prices ranging as high as three to five million dollars. The largest collection of his work is
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currently held by the Wallace Family of Boston, Massachusetts where his work is on display throughout their family offices, private homes, and estates.Artworks
The Burning of the Packet Ship "Boston", 1830, watercolor, view
View of the Town of Gloucester, Mass, 1836, lithograph, view
Steamer Brittania in a Gale, 1842, oil on canvas, Boston, view
Gloucester Harbor from Rocky Neck, 1844, Cape Ann Museum Collection, view
St. Johns, Porto Rico, ca 1850, The Mariners' Museum, view
Gloucester Inner Harbor, 1850, The Mariners' Museum view
The Fishing Party, 1850, view
The Golden State Entering New York Harbor, 1854, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Stage Rocks and Western Shore of Gloucester Outer Harbor, 1857, oil on canvas, John Wilmerding Collection, view
Ship in Fog, Gloucester Harbor, ca. Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts (September 9, 2006 – January 7, 2007); Dulwich Picture Gallery, London (March 14 – June 8, 2008); Meadows Museum of Art, Dallas (November 30 – February 24, 2008); Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice (June 27 – October 12, 2008)
References
Sources
<mask> <mask> at the Cape Ann Museum which has the largest collection of his work (40 paintings and 100 drawings). Craig, James. <mask> H<mask>: An Artist's Voyage Through Nineteenth-Century America. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2006. .
Mary Foley. "Fitz <mask>, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and the Gloucester Lyceum." American Art Journal, Vol.27, no. 1/2, 1995/1996
Gerdts, William H.; C. C. "'The Sea Is His Home': Clarence Cook Visits Fitz <mask>." American Art Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3. (Summer,
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1985), pp. 44–49.Howat, John K.; Sharp, Lewis I.; Salinger, Margaretta M. "American Paintings and Sculpture." Notable Acquisitions (Metropolitan Museum of Art), No. 1975/1979. (1975–1979), pp. 64–67. Novak, Barbara. American Painting of the Nineteenth Century.New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1969. Sharp, Lewis I. "American Paintings and Sculpture." Notable Acquisitions (Metropolitan Museum of Art), No. 1965/1975. (1965–1975), pp. 11–19.Smith, Gayle L."Emerson and the Luminist Painters: A Study of Their Styles" American Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 2. (Summer, 1985), pp. 193–215. Troyen, Carol. The Boston Tradition.New York: The American Federation of Arts, 1980. Wilmerding, John. The Genius of American Painting. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1973. Wilmerding, John. "Fitz <mask>: Imitations and Attributions." American Art Journal, Vol.3, No. 2. (Autumn, 1971), pp. 32–40. Wilmerding, John. American Light: The Luminist Movement, 1850–1875. Washington DC: National Gallery of Art, 1980.External links
Fitz <mask>: An online project under the direction of the CAPE ANN MUSEUM Gloucester, Massachusetts
Museo Thyssen Bornemisza Biography and Works: Fitz <mask>
Art and the Empire City: New York, 1825-1861, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on <mask> (see index)
Fitz <mask> on Artfact.com
1804 births
1865 deaths
19th-century American painters
19th-century male artists
American male painters
American landscape painters
Luminism (American art style)
People from Gloucester, Massachusetts
American marine artists
Painters from
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<mask> (born 15 June 1991) is an English professional cricketer. <mask> is a right-handed batsman who fields as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Pembury in Kent and plays for Kent County Cricket Club. He has played for the county since he was eight years old and in October 2017 was appointed as the vice-captain of the team before being appointed as captain in January 2018, replacing <mask>. <mask> is regarded as a versatile cricketer who studies the game intensely and has an imaginative range of scoring shots. He has appeared mainly in limited overs formats for the England cricket team and made his Test cricket debut in January 2022. He has played Twenty20 franchise cricket in the Pakistan Super League, Indian Premier League and in the Big Bash League in Australia.Early and personal life
<mask> was born in Pembury, Kent and grew up on his family's farm in north Kent. He developed as a good all-round sportsman, playing tennis for Kent and being offered a trial for Tottenham Hotspur Football Club after scoring a hat-trick against the team's academy side whilst playing for Corinthian under-14s. He also played racquets, squash and rugby. His grandfather, <mask>, was a racquets champion and his cousin, <mask>, is a world ranked player of the game. <mask> attributes racquets with helping to develop his batting skills, in particular his hand-eye coordination. <mask> attended New Beacon School, Sevenoaks, and then Haileybury College in Hertfordshire, appearing regularly for their cricket First XI throughout his school career. He studied for a degree in Sport and Exercise Science at Loughborough University.<mask> has said that he was "nowhere near good enough" to become a professional cricketer before his time at university and credits it with
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encouraging him to work hard to develop his talent. Early career
<mask> made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Northamptonshire in 2011. He made a further first-class appearance for the team in 2011, against Leicestershire. In his four first-class matches for Loughborough MCCU, he scored 321 runs at an average of 45.85, with a high score of 131. This score came in his debut match against Northamptonshire. Kent career
Whilst at university <mask> was also a member of the Kent squad, and he made his debut for the county in May 2011 in a first-class match against his university side, Loughborough MCCU. During the 2011 season he also made his List A debut for Kent against the Netherlands in the 2011 Clydesdale Bank 40, standing in for regular wicket-keeper Geraint Jones.<mask> made three further List A appearances in the 2011 season, as well as playing in four matches in the 2011 Friends Provident t20. After leading the county in one day runs scored in 2012, <mask> replaced former England wicket-keeper Jones in Kent's 2013 Friends Life t20 campaign. At the end of the season he kept wicket in the County Championship, breaking Jones' string of 115 consecutive Championship appearances for Kent before playing Sydney Grade Cricket for Penrith District Cricket Club during the 2013–14 English winter. <mask> became the first choice wicket-keeper for Kent in the 2014 season. He played for in the champion county match in Abu Dhabi at the beginning of the 2015 season before scoring 693 runs at an average of 29.80 in the 2015 County Championship season and making his England One Day and T20 debuts. He was awarded his Kent county cap in August 2015 during the annual Canterbury Cricket Week and signed a contract extension with Kent, in
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January 2016. After spending the winter playing one-day international cricket with England and featuring in both the Pakistan Super League (PSL) and Indian Premier League (IPL) T20 competitions, <mask> returned to Kent at the end of May having missed six County Championship matches as well as the start of both one-day competitions.During the 2016 season he became only the second Kent wicket-keeper to take seven catches in an innings and the tenth to claim nine dismissals in a first-class match, both one short of equalling the record for the county, and made his highest score in first-class cricket. <mask> spent the following winter playing for England in Bangladesh, Sydney Sixers in the Big Bash League and for England again in India and the West Indies as well as once again playing in the PSL and IPL. England duty again kept him away from Kent for parts of the 2017 season and he played in only six of the county's County Championship matches during the season, although he was ever present during the T20 Blast. He averaged 43.66 in the Championship games he played and captained the side in a tour match against the West Indies in August. At the end of the season he signed a new contract with Kent and was appointed officially as the team's vice-captain. Following <mask>'s removal as Kent captain in early 2018 <mask> was appointed to the post as his replacement, despite some disquiet about his participation in the 2018 Indian Premier League. This meant that he missed the first part of the County Championship and One Day Cup seasons.The team was captained by Joe Denly in <mask>' absence. Later in the season <mask> once again signed a contract extension. International career
<mask> was first called into the England Performance Programme in
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2014 and took part in a training camp in Sri Lanka during the represented the English winter. He had played for an ECB under-16 side in 2006 and for England age group sides at under-17 and under-18 level before touring Bangladesh with the England under-19 side in 2009. He was named in the squad for the England Lions cricket team in the 2014/15 off-season in South Africa, making his debut and scoring 53 against a Gauteng Invitation XI in January 2015 and going on to play for the Lions in four of the five unofficial one-day international matches on the tour. In late 2014 he had been named in the provisional squad for the England cricket team before the 2015 Cricket World Cup, replacing the injured Craig Kieswetter, but did not feature in the final squad for the tournament. <mask> made his senior England international debut in an ODI against the touring New Zealand team in June 2015, playing as a batsman and scoring three runs.After playing in all five ODIs during the series, he made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut on 23 June 2015, scoring 21 runs. He was an unused member of the ODI squad against Australia later the same summer before playing in the only T20I against the Australians at the end of August. After the New Zealand series Billing was a regular in England ODI and T20I squads but played infrequently for two years, never appearing in two consecutive England ODI teams until March 2017. He made his England debut as a wicketkeeper in the first T20I against Pakistan in Dubai in November 2015. He made his maiden international half-century in the match, reaching his fifty in 24 balls, before being run out for 53 off the last ball of the England innings. He took two catches and completed a stumping during the Pakistan innings as
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England won by 14 runs. He was adjudged man of the match for his performance during the match.He played for the Lions against Pakistan A in Dubai in January 2016, against South Africa in 2016 and was selected for the England squad for the 2016 World Twenty20 competition. He did not make an appearance for England during the competition, other than as a substitute fielder. He was named in a 30-man England Performance Squad for the 2016 domestic season and played for the full England T20 side against Sri Lanka in July 2016 and for the Lions side against Pakistan A and Sri Lanka A, scoring his highest List A cricket score of 175 against Pakistan at Canterbury, before touring Bangladesh with the England One Day International team in October, scoring his maiden ODI half-century with a score of 62 in the final match of the series batting as a replacement opening batsman, to help England to a 2–1 series win. In early 2017 <mask> was part of the England ODI and T20 squad which toured India. He played in the opening List A match of the tour against India A again as a specialist batsman, scoring 93 runs, and in an ODI and T20 match on the tour before playing back to back ODI matches for the first time since his debut series against the West Indies. He was an unused member of the England squad for the 2017 Champions Trophy but played against Ireland, South Africa and West Indies during the summer of 2017. In early 2018 he joined the England squad in Australia for the ODI element of their tour, although he did not appear in any of the matches, before playing in the 2017–18 Trans-Tasman Tri-Series T20 matches against Australia and New Zealand in February.He was, again, an unused member of the England squad for the ODI series against New Zealand which
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followed. In October 2019, <mask> was named as the vice-captain and first-choice wicket-keeper in England's T20I squad for their tour of New Zealand. He played in all five T20I matches on the tour, although he only scored 34 runs in his five innings and was not selected for the limited-overs side in South Africa early 2020. In May 2020, he was named in a group of 55 players to begin behind closed doors training ahead of international fixtures starting in England following the COVID-19 pandemic. He was not selected in the Test side to face the West Indies but in July was named in the squad for the ODI series against Ireland After playing in all three matches against Ireland without being dismissed and making scores of 67 and 46, he played in the three T20I matches against the touring Pakistanis. Following the return of more established players for matches at the end of the summer against Australia, <mask> played in only the last T20I of the three-match series, but was selected for the opening ODI. He went on to make his first senior international century in the match, scoring 118 runs, before playing in both of the other matches in the series.Wisden named him in their ODI team of 2020, the only member of the England team to be selected. Following an injury to Ben Foakes in May 2021, <mask> was added to England's Test squad for the first time ahead of the series against New Zealand. He did not play in either of the matches in the series but in August was again added to England's Test squad, this time as wicket-keeper cover for the fourth Test against India. In September 2021, <mask> was named in England's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. <mask> made his Test debut for England in the final Test of the 2021–22 Ashes series.
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Following injuries to both of the side's wicket-keepers, Jos Buttler and Jonny Bairstow, <mask> was added to the squad as a replacement, having been playing in the Big Bash League for Sydney Thunder. He made his debut at the Bellerive Oval in Hobart scoring 29 runs in England's first innings and taking five catches in Australia's second in a debut which was described as composed.Twenty20 franchise leagues
<mask> is a regular participant in Twenty20 franchise leagues around the world. He has played for teams in the Pakistan Super League, Australian Big Bash and Indian Premier League and was scheduled to play in the first season of the abortive South African T20 Global League. He has spoken of his belief that playing T20 cricket with many of the best cricketers in the world is effectively playing international cricket and that players who do so are "going to improve, no doubt", with franchise leagues "fast forward" the growth of cricketers. In December 2015 <mask> was selected by Islamabad United in the 2016 Pakistan Super League draft, the first of three overseas Twenty20 leagues he took part in during 2016. The tournament took place in the United Arab Emirates in February 2016 and was the inaugural season of the competition. <mask> played in five matches for Islamabad, scoring 34 runs with a top score of 26, but saw the opportunity to learn from players such as Australian Test wicket-keeper Brad Haddin as "invaluable". He was retained by Islamabad for the 2017 season, playing in the team's first five matches of the tournament before leaving to join the England ODI team in the Caribbean.In 2018 <mask> was with England in New Zealand at the start of the tournament and, despite joining Islamabad towards the end of the group stage, did not
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play a match during the PSL season. <mask> was purchased by Delhi Daredevils in the 2016 Indian Premier League auction in February 2016 for £30,000. He scored 54 runs on his debut for Delhi, helping the team to a victory over Kolkata Knight Riders, before going on to play in four further matches before Delhi were eliminated at the end of the group stage. Despite playing in only five matches in the tournament, <mask> again saw the experience as one which would help him "improve as a player". In particular, he cited the influence of Delhi's coach Rahul Dravid and had approached the IPL, which he rated as a "phenomenal experience", with the intention of developing his skills, particularly against spin bowling. He has credited the experience of working with players from around the world as a major factor in the improvement of his game, from the use of different training methods to eating more effectively. <mask> was retained by Delhi for the 2017 Indian Premier League with the intention of him playing until 1 May in order to return to England to play against Ireland and prepare for the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy.In November 2016 <mask> signed to play for Sydney Sixers in the 2016–17 Big Bash League in Australia. He made his debut for the Sixers in the opening match of the tournament, taking two catches as the team beat Sydney Thunder by nine wickets. After appearing in the Sixers first five matches of the tournament, <mask> left the team to join the England squad in India at the beginning of January 2017. He batted four times for Sydney, averaging 31.25 runs. After playing again for Sydney in the Big Bash League in 2017/18, <mask> was bought by the Chennai Super Kings in the 2018 IPL auction for £71,000. Although he scored a match-winning 56
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runs in Chennai's second match of the tournament, a rather disappointing tournament saw him score 108 runs at an average of 13.60 in 10 matches and he did not play in the final as Chennai won the title. In 2018 he captained Bengal Tigers in the T10 League played in the United Arab Emirates having been picked second in the competition's draft in July.A break from overseas T20 leagues saw him play more frequently for Kent, before he was signed to play for Sydney Thunder in the 2020/21 Big Bash. In February 2021, he was bought again by Delhi ahead of the 2021 Indian Premier League, missing the start of Kent's season. In February 2022, he was bought by the Kolkata Knight Riders in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. Career best performances
As of September 2020, <mask> has made six first-class and seven List A centuries, including one in international cricket. The first was a score of 131 made on his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Northamptonshire at the beginning of the 2011 season. He scored his first first-class century for Kent in July 2015 against Essex at Tunbridge Wells, having been out for 99 earlier in the same month against Surrey. His third first-class century, 171 runs, came against Gloucestershire in August 2016 and is his current highest first-class score.<mask>' fourth, fifth and sixth centuries were scored in back-to-back innings in September 2019, including two in the same match against Yorkshire at Headingley, the first time two centuries had been scored by the same player on the ground in a County Championship match. <mask> has scored seven List A cricket centuries and in 2014 shared the Walter Lawrence Trophy for the quickest century in County cricket during the season, scored off
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46 balls against Somerset in a 2014 Royal London One-Day Cup match. His highest List A score of 175 was made for England Lions against Sri Lanka A at his home ground of Canterbury during July 2016 whilst his highest Twenty20 score of 95 not out was made for Kent against Hampshire at Beckenham in July 2018. In September 2020 Billing scored his debut senior international century, making a score of 118 in a One Day International match between England and Australia at Old Trafford cricket ground. As of 12 September 2020
Support for cricketing causes
<mask> has been involved in supporting the development of cricket by charitable organisations and throughout the world. He has supported activities organised by the Lord's Taverners and worked with disabilities cricket teams with the charity and with NatWest’s Cricket has no boundaries campaign. He is an ambassador for the Taverners and launched a cricket ambassador programme for them in 2016.He has worked with youth cricket teams and in October 2017 visited Rwanda to play in a T20 cricket match to mark the opening of the Rwanda Cricket Stadium. He is a patron of cricket in Rwanda. References
External links
1991 births
Living people
People from Pembury
Alumni of Loughborough University
English cricketers
England Test cricketers
England One Day International cricketers
England Twenty20 International cricketers
Loughborough MCCU cricketers
Kent cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Islamabad United cricketers
Delhi Capitals cricketers
Corinthian F.C. (Kent) players
World XI Twenty20 International cricketers
Association footballers not categorized by position
Chennai Super Kings cricketers
Sydney Sixers cricketers
English footballers
Oval Invincibles cricketers
Wicket-keepers
Sydney
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<mask> (born October 3, 1957) is a prolific writer of science fiction and horror, best known for his stories set in the nightmarish future city called Punktown, such as the novel Deadstock (Solaris Books) and the collection Punktown (Ministry of Whimsy Press), from which a story was reprinted in St. Martin's The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror #14. His fiction has also been reprinted in Daw's The Year's Best Horror Stories XXII, The Year's Best Fantastic Fiction and Quick Chills II: The Best Horror Fiction from the Specialty Press. He has been a 2003 finalist for the Bram Stoker Award (Best First Novel) for Monstrocity, and a 2008 finalist for the John W. Campbell Award for Deadstock. Other books by <mask> include the novels Letters from Hades (Bedlam Press) and Monstrocity (Prime Books), and the novella Godhead Dying Downwards (Earthling Publications). The German edition of Punktown has cover art by H. R. Giger. <mask> is also responsible for Necropolitan Press, an independent publisher in the genres of horror, science fiction, dark fantasy, and "the unclassifiable. ", which was founded in 1993 and ceased production between 2001 and March 2008.Personal life
<mask> lives in Massachusetts. His brother Scott is also an accomplished short story writer, collected in such books as Cobwebs and Whispers (Delirium Books) and Westermead (Raw Dog Screaming Press). Works
Punktown
Setting
Punktown is a far future megalopolis, infamous for its level of crime. Originally given the name Paxton, it is described as, “a vast city established by Earth on the planet Oasis but since colonized by numerous other races as well. Even the Chooms, who had lived here before the first Earth people, had come to refer to the city by its nickname of Punktown.”
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Besides the indigenous Choom, human in appearance aside from wide mouths cut back to their ears, the stories often include or focus on a variety of alien races, clones, mutants, and sentient machines. The stories tend to feature common citizens as their protagonists, rather than the larger-than-life heroes of cliché science fiction, an exception being mutant private eye Jeremy Stake, protagonist of the novels Deadstock and Blue War. Beyond their grounding in science fiction, Punktown stories also notably combine elements of horror, fantasy and occasionally detective noir.<mask> has related in interviews that he first devised the city in 1980, with a handful of short stories appearing in small press publications before the collection Punktown was released in 2000. The Punktown stories are sometimes cited as early examples of the New Weird subgenre; Paul Di Filippo in Asimov's describing the initial collection as "a harbinger of the New Weird... Not that the concept of Punktown really needs any shoring-up by cliques or claques." Foreign language editions of a number of Punktown books have appeared in Germany, Russia, Poland, and Greece. Three collections of audio adaptations created by the German company Lausch. Works
Novels
Monstrocity (May 2003, Prime Books, 236 pages, reprinted as an ebook in Anarchy Books 2011)
Everybody Scream! (January 2002, iUniverse, 212 pages)
Nether: Improper Bedtime Stores (with <mask>) (June 2004, Delirium Books)
Honey Is Sweeter Than Blood (June 2004, Delirium Books) (containing <mask>' contributions to Nether)
Unholy Dimensions (2005, Mythos Books, 288 pages)
Thirteen Specimens (Feb. 2006, Delirium Books, 291 pages)
Doomsdays (Oct. 2007, Dark Regions Press, 264 pages)
Nocturnal Emissions
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<mask><mask> (May 18, 1911 – June 26, 1954), an adventurer, explorer, diplomat, spy, journalist, and television news producer best known for his unverified claim of discovering the "Lost City of the Monkey God". <mask> began his career as a radio announcer before getting into journalism. In 1940, he was hired to lead an expedition to search for the "Lost City of the Monkey God" in Honduras. After five months, he claimed to have found the city and brought thousands of artifacts back to the United States to prove it. He promised to return soon for a proper excavation, but never did, nor did he reveal the precise location of his find. <mask> spent the later years of his life as a diplomat, then a producer of news films. He took his own life in 1954.In 2013, Christopher S. Stewart wrote a book about Morde and his hunt for a legendary "lost city" that some have equated with la Ciudad Blanca. Douglas Preston's 2017 book The Lost City of the Monkey God shows that, based on Morde's own expedition journals, Morde never found any ruins and completely fabricated his story of having done so. Early life
Descended from whalers, <mask><mask> was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts on March 17, 1911. After graduating from New Bedford High School, he toured Europe. Career
Morde got a job as a radio announcer for WNBH in New Bedford before taking special classes at Brown University from 1935-36. He then studied with the Hamilton Wright Agency to become a journalist. He later worked at radio stations in Pawtucket, Providence, and San Francisco.As a journalist, he covered both sides of the Spanish Civil War in 1938. In 1942, he was a correspondent stationed with the British Eighth Army in Northern Africa during World War II. Around the same time, he served as general manager of Reader's Digest Near Eastern edition. In 1947, he covered the Arab side of the Palestine War. Explorer
In 1940 George Gustav Heye hired <mask> to lead an expedition to Honduras for the Museum of the American Indian. Two previous expeditions, performed by R. Stuart Murray,
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had turned up rumors of a lost city, which according to Murray the locals called the "Lost City of the Monkey God." In addition to searching for the city, <mask>'s expedition sought to study the indigenous people of the region, further explore known archaeological sites, and chart the upper reaches of the Wampú River.After four months, <mask> and his colleague, Laurence C. Brown, emerged from the forest and sent news of a great find. "'City of the Monkey God' is believed located: Expedition reports success in Honduras expedition" read the headline of the New York Times. When they returned to the states they brought thousands of artifacts to back their claim that they had found the lost city. They described their find as the capital of an agricultural civilization of the Chorotega people. Artifacts found included blades, a flute, sculptured idols, and stone utensils. <mask> and Brown also reported seeing evidence of gold, silver, platinum, and oil in the region. According to <mask>, flooding prevented formal excavation, but he planned to return in January 1941.<mask> went on to write a colorful travelogue of his experiences titled "In the Lost City of Ancient America's Monkey God" for The American Weekly. "I am convinced that we have found the site of the legendary Lost City of the Monkey God", he began the travelogue. He described "penetrating far into little known Mosquitia Territory" and warding off "malaria, deadly snakes, vicious insects and jungle beasts" before coming upon the ruins. "Towering mountains" flanked the "ideal setting" where he discovered a walled city with a monkey god that resembled Hanuman from Hindu culture. The temple of the god was not found, but local Paya guides described what it once looked like in detail allegedly passed down from their ancestors who had seen it. When <mask> asked his guides about the Monkey God, they told him a story of a monkey who had stolen three women. In a story, the monkey and the women bred and made half-monkey half-human children.The half-breeds were hunted three at a
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time for revenge. A similar story was later told to American anthropologist James Taggart by Nahuat speakers. According to the stories Morde was told, the monkey god was once worshipped with human sacrifice by Chorotega people. He also described a "Dance of the Dead Monkeys", a still practiced "perverted memory of that old form of worship", according to Morde. In great detail he describes how hunters kill three monkeys apiece and put them in the fire to "dance" as the heat makes their muscles contract. He describes a second legend, "the Sacred Bird of the Chorotegans", where a beautiful queen was changed into a Margarita bird by an evil god Wampai. Morde never did return to Honduras, or reveal the precise location of his find.His city has been associated with the legend of la Ciudad Blanca in the Mosquitia region of eastern Honduras. Diplomat
Morde also had ties to the OSS, and received a bronze star medal for actions in Ankara, Turkey 1943 as a Lieutenant, junior grade. After World War II, he served as a special adviser to the Egyptian Premier for the US government, and as adviser to the Egyptian Ambassador in Washington, D.C.
Later in life, Morde founded Theodore Morde, Inc. to produce news films, and served as the president of Spot News Productions. Personal life
<mask> was married to Gloria E. Gustafson, a model employed by the John Robert Powers Agency. The couple had two children—Christine and <mask>. Morde had a brother and a sister, and was an avid traveler. Death
On June 26, 1954, Morde was found hanging from the shower stall of his parents' home in Dartmouth, Massachusetts.His death was ruled a suicide by the medical examiner. Conspiracy theorists later asserted sinister forces were behind his death. Some normally reliable sources written much later report that Morde had been run over by an automobile in London, England "shortly" after his expedition to Honduras. Legacy
Jungleland
In 2013, journalist Christopher S. Stewart wrote a book titled Jungleland about the legend of la Ciudad Blanca and Morde. He went to
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Honduras and undertook an expedition with archaeologist Christopher Begley in 2008 where he attempted to retrace Morde's steps using his original field journals. Stewart interviewed Morde's surviving family members and provided an account of his life. In 2015 archeologists discovered a "lost city" in the region, thought to be associated with the civilization discovered by Morde.At the scientists' urging, the Honduran government dispatched army forces to protect the site from looters. The Lost City of the Monkey God
In his 2017 book The Lost City of the Monkey God, Douglas Preston states that <mask> fabricated all of his claims about finding a lost city. Preston obtained copies of <mask>'s expedition journals from the National Geographic Society, which had in turn obtained the journals from Morde's family in 2016. The journals, written by <mask> and Brown together, show that they never found any ruins, and indeed, they never searched for any in the first place. Their supposed archaeological expedition was actually a cover; the real purpose of the trip was to search for gold along the Río Blanco, nowhere near the reported location of the purported lost city. Their search for gold was a failure, and the men left the jungle after their supplies ran low and a storm destroyed their equipment. The artifacts the two men supposedly brought back from the lost city were acquired near Brewer's Lagoon after their return from the deep jungle.The journals do not confirm whether the story about actually finding the fantastic lost city was pre-planned from the start or improvised after their failure to locate gold, although Preston indicates that he believes it was pre-planned. On June 17, 1940, the last day of the expedition, just before emerging from the jungle, <mask> wrote, "We are convinced no great civilization ever existed up there. And there are no archaeological discoveries of importance to be made." References
1911 births
1954 deaths
Explorers of Central America
American ethnologists
1954 suicides
Suicides by hanging in
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<mask> (6 April 1870, Husum – 30 July 1959, Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German physician and neurologist. He and his wife <mask>er are known for their extensive cytoarchetectonic studies on the brain. Personal life
He was born in Husum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Vogt studied medicine at Kiel and Jena, obtaining his doctorate from Jena in 1894. The Vogts met in 1897 in Paris, and eventually married in 1899. The Vogts were close to the Krupp family. Friedrich Alfred Krupp financially supported them, and in 1898, <mask> and Cécile founded a private research institute called the Neurologische Zentralstation (Neurological Center) in Berlin, which was formally associated with the Physiological Institute of the Charité as the Neurobiological Laboratory of the Berlin University in 1902.This institute served as the basis for the 1914 formation of the Kaiser Institut für Hirnforschung (Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research), of which <mask> was a director. There, he had students from many countries who went on to prominent careers including Jerzy Rose (mentor of Michael Merzenich), Valentino Braitenberg (mentor of Christof Koch), Korbinian Brodmann, Rafael Lorente de Nó and Harald Brockhaus. This institute gave rise to the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in 1945. As a clinician, Vogt used hypnotism (Stuckrade-Barre and Danek 2004) until 1903 and wrote papers on the topic. In particular, Vogt had an intense interest for localizing the origins of "genius" or traits in the brain. Family
Vogt married the French
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neurologist Cécile <mask>-Mugnier. They met in Paris in 1897 while he was there working with Joseph Jules Dejerine and his wife, Augusta Marie Dejerine-Klumke, who collaborated with him.Because of their similar scholarly interests, the Vogts collaborated for a long period, usually with Cécile as the primary author. The Vogts had two daughters, both accomplished scientists in their own right:
Marthe <mask> (1903–2003) was a neuropharmacologist who became a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Professor at Cambridge. <mask> (1913–2007) started as a developmental geneticist working in Drosophila, then moved to the US in 1950. She developed methods to culture poliovirus with Renato Dulbecco. She was a faculty member at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies where she worked on viral transformation and cellular immortalization of cancer cells. Politics
Vogt was a socialist, involved with the factions led by Mme Fessard who knew him personally, and with the guesdist element of the French socialist party (Jules Guesde was at the far left wing of this party). He was never a Communist, although he did interact with the Soviets on a number of occasions.They sent him several researchers, including N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij (whom Solzhenitsyn met in the Gulag). He helped to establish the brain institute in Moscow. Vogt was opposed to the Nazi Party. Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach helped fund a small hospital in Schwarzwald near Neustadt when Vogt was dismissed in 1936 from his position with the Kaiser Wilhelm Brain
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Research Institute. Institutes and journals
Vogt was the editor of the prominent Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie published in German, French and English which made many of the most important contributions between the two World Wars. This later became The Journal für Hirnforschung. Lenin's brain
Vogt had a longstanding interest in localizing functions in the brain.In 1924, <mask> was one of the neurologists asked to consult on Lenin’s illness and was given his brain for histological study after Lenin's death. He found that Lenin's brain showed a great number of "giant cells", which Vogt saw as a sign of superior mental function. "The giant cells" were cortical pyramidal cells of unusual size. There were also particularities in layer 3. In 1925 <mask> accepted an invitation to Moscow where he was assigned the establishment of an institute for brain research under the auspices of the health ministry in Moscow. Vogt got one slice of the 30,953 slices of 20 micrometer thick of the brain, and took it home to Berlin for research purposes. Therefore, contrary to claims of two Belgian neurologists, L. Van Bogaert and A. Dewulf, the Soviets did not have to carry out a military operation specifically to retrieve the brain before the Americans obtained it.It was, for a time, put on display in the Lenin Mausoleum. The brain is still in the Moscow's Institute. Contributions
The contributions of the Vogts are of the first order as their work applies to several parts of the brain and had a considerable influence on
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international neurological sciences. Cortex
An interest in the correlation between anatomy and psychology drew the Vogts to study the cortex. The Vogts imposed the distinction between iso- and allocortex. Based on their cytoarchitectonic studies, they promoted a six-layer pattern (there were 5 for Meynert and 7 for Cajal). Thalamus
<mask> made several presentations of his view of the thalamus in Paris.<mask> and Cécile further referred to the work of Constantin von Monakow in a series on the anatomy of mammals. This was not a seminal work. The main contribution of the Vogts was La myelocytoarchitecture du thalamus du cercopithèque from Cécile alone (1909). The great contribution of Cécile has been that the partition of the lateral region (lateral mass) should rely on the territories (the spaces occupied) of the main afferents. She distinguished from back to front the lemnical radiation and a particular nucleus, in front of it the cerebellar (prelemniscal) radiation with another nucleus and more anteriorly the "lenticular" radiation. This system still describes the subdivision of the thalamus (Percheron, 1977, Percheron et al. 1996).Her paper was followed by Die cytoarchitechtonik des Zwishenhirns de Cercothipiteken from Friedmann (1911) traducing in cytoarchitectonic terms, her partition. A paper published in common in 1941 (Thalamus studien I to III), devoted to the human thalamus, represented an important step in partitioning and naming thalamic parts. The anatomy of the thalamus from Hassler (one of their
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students) was published in 1959, the year of the death of <mask>. It is not known whether the master accepted the excessive partition and unnecessary complication of this work; it was an atlas dedicated to stereotacticans. The paper of 1941 was much simpler. Basal ganglia
The Vogts greatly contributed to the analysis of what is known today as the basal ganglia system. Their main interest was on the striatum, that after Foix and Nicolesco they proposed (1941) to name so.This was including the caudate nucleus, the putamen and the fundus. Eponym
The Vogt-Vogt syndrome is an extrapyramidal disturbance with double sided athetosis occurring in early childhood. Gallery
Awards
1950 — National Award GRD
References
Schiffer, Davide, "Il Prof Vogt e i suoi celebri studi sul cervello di Lenin" (https://www.policlinicodimonza.it/prof-vogt-i-suoi-celebri-studi-sul-cervello-lenin)
Spengler, Tilman (1991), Lenins Hirn, Reinbek, Rowohlt. Translated as Lenin's Brain, Farrar, Straus, Giroux books, 1993 (Romanticized history). Stukrade-Barre, S and Danek, A. (2004), "<mask> Vogt (1870–1959), hypnotist and brain researcher, husband of Cecile (1875–1962)", in: Nerven arzt 75, pp. 1038–1041 (in German)
Horst-Peter Wolff (2009), Cécile und <mask> Vogt.Eine illustrierte Biographie Fürstenberg / Havel 2009 [Klagenfurter Beiträge zur Technikdiskussion, Heft 128] (https://ubdocs.aau.at/open/voll/tewi/AC08125853.pdf)
External links
Biography
1870 births
1959 deaths
People from Husum
German neurologists
Members of the German Academy
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<mask> (born February 27, 1957) is an American politician who served as the District Attorney of Los Angeles County from December 3, 2012 to December 7, 2020. <mask> is the first woman, and first African-American, to serve as LA District Attorney since the office was created in 1850. As a district attorney, she has been described as part of the "tough-on-crime" movement. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Los Angeles and raised in the Crenshaw neighborhood. Her father, Louis Phillips, was a City of Los Angeles Lot Cleaning employee, and her mother, Addie Phillips, was a garment factory worker. <mask> attended Dorsey High School, graduated from the University of California, Irvine with a degree in psychology in 1979, and graduated from the University of Southern California Law School in 1982. Professional career
<mask> joined the District Attorney's Office in 1986 as a deputy district attorney.<mask> prosecuted hundreds of criminal cases while serving as a deputy district attorney, including a successful prosecution of the first race-based hate crime murder in Los Angeles County. <mask> continued to move up through the ranks, taking on management and executive roles in the office in 2000. In 2011, she was named Chief Deputy District Attorney, the second-in-command to the District Attorney. Los Angeles County District Attorney
As LA county DA, <mask> has been described as "tough on crime". During her 2020 re-election campaign, her "tough-on-crime" platform was contrasted with the criminal justice reform-minded platforms of her opponents. According to the New York Times, <mask> has "[resisted] efforts to more drastically reduce prison populations." 2012 election
In June 2011, <mask> announced her candidacy for district attorney, hoping to succeed retiring incumbent Steve Cooley.In the June 2012 election, in what was considered a major upset, <mask> and criminal prosecutor Alan Jackson defeated City Attorney Carmen Trutanich, who was considered the favorite. <mask> and Jackson advanced to a November 2012 runoff election, which <mask> won with 55% of the vote. <mask> was sworn in as district attorney on December 3, 2012
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by outgoing attorney Steve Cooley, in a ceremony attended by former district attorneys Gil Garcetti, Robert Philibosian, and John Van de Kamp. Industrial accidents and environmental crimes
In 2014, <mask> announced that she would implement a new program that sought to improve investigations of industrial accidents and environmental crimes to help the District Attorney's Office build a stronger case against potential violations of workplace and environmental safety laws. The program assembled a new unit consisting of more than a dozen members who are sent to the sites of accidents involving deaths, injuries and threats to the environment, immediately upon notification by first responders. Launch of new units and office initiatives
In 2014, <mask> announced an alternative sentencing program aimed at diverting mentally ill, low-level offenders from jail into treatment. Those who complete the treatment and any court-imposed probation will have their pending criminal charges cleared from their records.The program was designed to reduce jail overcrowding and end a revolving door for offenders with mental illness who find themselves incarcerated for relatively minor crimes. In early 2019, <mask> launched the DA's first mental health division - the first for California and possibly United States - which seeks opportunities to expand treatment and other services for mentally ill inmates in the criminal justice system. The new division works with defendants who have been declared mentally incompetent to stand trial or who are seeking alternative sentences due to their mental illnesses. <mask> founded and serves as chair of the Criminal Justice Mental Health Project for Los Angeles County, leading a multidisciplinary working group devoted to diverting people who are mentally ill out of the criminal justice system for nonviolent offenses. The project secured $150 million in funding from LA County, ensured the opening of urgent care centers as an alternative to jail for certain arrestees, and helped create a new county office of diversion and re-entry. In 2014, in partnership with the Rotary Club of Los Angeles, <mask> launched a
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campaign against scams targeting the elderly, in which volunteers would go to senior centers, nursing homes and other places seniors gather to give presentations about how to recognize and avoid scams, as well as pass out literature to home-bound seniors. <mask> also instituted the DA's bimonthly Fraud Alerts to educate the public about common fraud schemes targeting seniors, including counterfeit drug scams and Medicare rip-offs.In 2015, <mask> announced the creation of the Conviction Review Unit, dedicated to pursuing the innocence claims of people imprisoned for serious felonies, if new evidence is discovered. When new evidence warrants it, a formal investigation is opened to review details of the case, and the case is presented to the Conviction Review Committee, who will decide whether they doubt the original conviction. In 2017, <mask> launched the Notario Fraud Unit with the goal of prosecuting those involved in immigration service scams who pose as either attorneys, special agents, or government workers who could expedite the processing of legal documents. Since its inception, the Notario Fraud Unit has prosecuted eight major criminal cases. Forgiveness of infractions
In April 2019, <mask> announced that Los Angeles County would collaborate with Code for America, a nonprofit tech organization, to identify decades-old court cases to reduce or expunge 50,000 marijuana convictions. The initiative is the result of Proposition 64, a 2016 measure that legalized marijuana possession in the state of California. As part of the measure, voters also approved erasing past marijuana-related convictions and authorizing re-sentencing for eligible offenders.Additionally, in response to the homeless population being repeatedly ticketed and arrested for minor infractions, DA <mask>, City Attorney Mike Feuer, and LAPD Chief Michel Moore agreed to “unclog” the court system of more than 300,000 older warrants and citations. The plan, known as the Fugitive Misdemeanant Recovery Program, allows law enforcement and safety officials to focus on dangerous criminals instead of time on minor infractions involving the homeless. Sexual abuse
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in the entertainment industry
Following multiple accusations of sexual abuse against high-profile entertainment figures, <mask> created a task force of prosecutors to deal with sexual abuse crimes in the entertainment industry. In January 2020, <mask> charged former film producer Harvey Weinstein with forcible rape, forcible oral copulation, sexual penetration by force, and sexual battery by restraint. Capital punishment
Even after California Gov. Gavin Newsom announced a moratorium on capital punishment in California, <mask> pursued death penalty cases. 2020 election
In June 2020, amid the George Floyd protests for criminal justice reform, Eric Garcetti, the incumbent Mayor of Los Angeles rescinded his prior endorsement of <mask> as Los Angeles County District Attorney, in the lead-up to the 2020 election, where she lost to re-election to George Gascón.Representative Adam Schiff also rescinded his endorsement of <mask>. Criticism
Refusal to prosecute law enforcement
During her term, <mask> was heavily criticized by Black Lives Matter, the ACLU and others for failing to prosecute a single member of Los Angeles County law enforcement for murder. The criticism increased in March 2018 when <mask> refused to file charges against LAPD officer Clifford Proctor for shooting and killing Brendon Glenn three years earlier, despite LAPD Chief Charlie Beck recommending <mask> prosecute Proctor. In a statement after <mask> declined to file charges against Proctor, the ACLU of Southern California released a statement saying, in part:
Refusal to prosecute Ed Buck
<mask> was heavily criticized for refusing to prosecute Ed Buck, a wealthy Democratic Party donor, following the 2017 drug overdose death of a young Black man named Gemmel Moore in Buck's apartment. At the time, Los Angeles County Sheriff's deputies found "nearly two grams of methamphetamine, syringes and drug paraphernalia throughout the residence". Black and LGBTQ community activists and local attorneys called on <mask> to prosecute Buck, and Moore's family "provided authorities with substantial evidence, including the names of several other victims, that Buck engaged in a
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pattern of drugging, video-taping, and sexually assaulting black men." Six months after <mask> declined to prosecute Ed Buck for Gemmel Moore's death, another Black man, Timothy Dean, was found dead of a drug overdose in Buck's apartment in January 2019.Activists renewed their calls to <mask> to prosecute Buck, but again she declined. In an October 2019 meeting of the Stonewall Democratic Club, a gay rights organization in Los Angeles, <mask> claimed that Sheriff's deputies' illegal search and seizure of evidence in Buck's residence at the time of Moore's death rendered the evidence inadmissible in court, and therefore "presented a challenge" to her efforts to prosecute. She did not respond to participants' criticism that deputies should not have taken legal advice from a coroner, as <mask> claimed they had. Ed Buck was arrested in September 2019 following a 911 call by a young Black man who was experiencing an overdose of methamphetamine administered by Buck. The man was taken to a hospital and survived. <mask>'s office then charged Buck with "one felony count each of battery causing serious injury, administering methamphetamine and maintaining a drug house." In spite of Buck's eventual arrest and prosecution, Black and LGBTQ activists in Los Angeles have continued to protest <mask>, her office, and the lengthy delay in charging Buck.In February 2020, the Los Angeles New Frontier Democratic Club, “the oldest and largest African American Democratic club in the state of California”, declined to endorse <mask>'s reelection. Rep. Maxine Waters of Los Angeles and California's junior U.S. Senator Kamala Harris, both Black women, endorsed <mask>'s opponent, former San Francisco District Attorney George Gascón, in their November 2020 runoff, and Black Lives Matter activists have protested outside <mask>'s home in March, June, and July 2020. Celebrity cases
<mask> has been criticized for not charging Bikram Choudhury criminally: there is a "reluctance of the district attorney to go after powerful men" as described in Netflix's 2019 documentary film, Bikram: Yogi, Guru, Predator, despite numerous women coming forward with
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allegations of sexual assault and rape. Her office has refused to comment publicly on their lack of action on this matter. Choudhury fled the country after receiving an arrest warrant. <mask> has similarly been criticized for inaction in the case of four women who report having been raped by actor Danny Masterson.Campaign contributions from law enforcement unions
In June 2020, a group of high-profile prosecutors from California's most heavily populated counties, lobbied the California State Bar to prohibit District Attorneys from accepting donations from law enforcement unions, citing the possible conflicts of interest with respect to how district attorneys investigate, prosecute, or interact with police officers. <mask> has publicly opposed this proposed prohibition. During the 2020 Los Angeles County District Attorney primary election, law enforcement unions had contributed over 75% of the $2.2 million raised by <mask>. <mask> ultimately won a plurality of votes in the race, given broad financial support from these law enforcement unions, including Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs (ALADS) and Los Angeles Police Protective League (LAPPL). Personal life
<mask> lives in the Granada Hills neighborhood with her husband, <mask>. They have two adult children, Kareem and April. <mask>'s husband David wielded a gun on March 2, 2020, when protesters came to their home to call for her resignation and knocked on their door.He was subsequently charged with three counts of assault with a firearm by the California Attorney General's Office. References
1957 births
African-American lawyers
African-American people in California politics
African-American women in politics
African-American women lawyers
American women lawyers
California Democrats
District attorneys in California
Living people
People from Crenshaw, Los Angeles
People from Granada Hills, Los Angeles
Politicians from Los Angeles
Susan Miller Dorsey High School alumni
University of California, Irvine alumni
USC Gould School of Law alumni
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century
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<mask> (born June 28, 1988) is an American R&B singer, songwriter and producer from Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. She is currently based in Los Angeles, California. Over her career, she has written for and collaborated with artists featuring Chance the Rapper, Masego, Vic Mensa, Francis and the Lights, Westside Boogie and Towkio, as well as winning a Grammy Award. <mask> has performed on national television shows including Showtime at the Apollo and The Oprah Winfrey Show. After time spent at Capitol Records, <mask> independently released her debut album, "A Beautiful Space", on June 11, 2021, which was executive produced by The Social Experiment. The lead single off the album "Feels Like Heaven" was released on February 12, 2021 and the second single "Thru the Fire" featuring American rapper, Chance the Rapper, was released on March 26, 2021. A deluxe version of the album was later released on October 27, 2021 followed by <mask>'s first ever headlining tour titled, "The Beautiful Space Tour".Early life
<mask> was born on June 28, 1988 in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. Third of four children to <mask>, a lawyer, and Patricia Mueller, a teacher, she grew up in a large and musical family. Her grandfather required each of his 10 children to learn an instrument, so she was exposed to music from a young age from that family heritage. At 12, she joined the Central City Youth Gospel Choir in Milwaukee and began singing gospel in earnest at churches and revivals around the city, as the choir gave her "instant validation that [her] voice could move people." In 2004, at age 16, she performed on the nationally televised Showtime at the Apollo in Harlem, NY. That same year, she was asked to perform at soccer icon Mia Hamm and baseball player Nomar Garciaparra's wedding in Santa Barbara, California. In 2006, she was nominated for and became a Presidential Scholar for the Arts, through her receipt of the Silver Award in Popular Voice from the National Young Arts Foundation in the same year.As a part
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of the Presidential Scholars, <mask> performed at the Kennedy Center shortly after. Also in 2006, <mask> attended New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study and created a major in Music Performance and Music Marketing with a minor in Studio Art. <mask> graduated from NYU in May 2010. Music career
Early career + initial projects: 2009–2015
In 2009, in her senior year at NYU, <mask> submitted a video of herself singing Aretha Franklin's "Natural Woman" to The Oprah Winfrey Show as part of its Karaoke Challenge. As one of the eight semi-finalists chosen from all entries, <mask> performed live on the Oprah Show. Hosts included Billy Ray Cyrus, Gladys Knight and Ashford and Simpson. In 2010, <mask> was named a Spotlight Artist to Watch in Billboard.Before the release of her first project, Hope & Heart, in 2011, <mask> was asked to perform at the official commemoration of the 10th anniversary of 9/11 in Paris, where she performed her original song, "Leave the Light On". Hope & Heart was released on September 13, 2011 and produced by Michael Mangini. Throughout 2012, <mask> received more press for her first project, including being an NBC "First Look" in February 2012 and Huffington Post’s A-sides with Jon Chattman performing "Hitchhiker". In 2013, <mask> began production on her second project, The Refinery. Notable singles from the project include the pop ballad "Till I Hurt You," which was the third single from the project and premiered on Conan O’Brian’s Team Coco. The Refinery and its songs received coverage from major outlets including USA Today, Lucky, Soundcheck, NPR Music, Access Hollywood, Good Day New York, Blackbook, Relix, Entertainment Weekly, Audio Tree, and Kick Kick Snare. In 2014, <mask> was featured as one of Buzzfeed's "11 Independent Musicians Who Are Making a Name for Themselves," described as "old soul with new boogie shoes."She also showcased at SXSW 2014 and was featured as one of Maxims "Hot 10". In 2015, <mask> was named one of New
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Music Seminars' "Artists on the Verge" along with artists like Wild Adriatic, Twin Peaks and Perfect Pussy. This development was covered by Billboard. Also in 2015, <mask> was given the prestigious honor of performing for the National Music Publishers Association's annual event in Washington, D.C. opening for Lady A.
GRAMMY® win and Capitol Records signing and A Beautiful Space: 2016-present
In 2016, <mask> penned "All We Got" (feat. Kanye West and Chicago Children's Choir) for Chance the Rapper's mixtape, Coloring Book, which went on to win Best Rap Album at the 2017 GRAMMY® Awards and earn <mask> her first GRAMMY® from The Recording Academy. During that time, she featured and wrote on Westside Boogie's song "Prideful" from his mixtape, Thirst 48 Part II. In 2017, she performed at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, CA, alongside Francis and the Lights and Chance the Rapper.That same year she wrote on a remix of Francis and the Lights' "May I Have This Dance" featuring Chance. <mask> also released her critically acclaimed single "More Than Friends" in 2017, which received support from John Mayer and was deemed a "shining" single by UPROXX. Produced by Nate Fox and Nico Segal of The Social Experiment, "More Than Friends" further cemented their ongoing collaborative relationship (along with the group's Peter Cottontale) to craft <mask>'s debut album. <mask>'s single "Elated" followed shortly after, hailed by Billboard as a "euphoric delight." <mask> signed a major label deal with Capitol Records in 2018. She subsequently dropped a string of successful singles under the label including highlight "Mercy" featuring Vic Mensa. <mask>o's song "2 Da Moon" alongside Teddy Jackson around this time.Later in 2018, she toured with Chance the Rapper as part of Lollapalooza and more noteworthy acts including Thirdstory and PJ Morton on his "More Gumbo" North American Fall 2018 Tour. In June 2018, she made her first appearance on NPR Music's Tiny Desk Concert alongside GoldLink. 2019
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saw the R&B prodigy embark on a new journey as an independent artist, starting with the single "Young Love Games." In the summer of 2020, <mask> released her debut EP "How Did We Get Here," which featured standout tracks like "Crazy to Hope" featuring Masego. The EP was praised as "a master class in moving production, radiant vocals and engrossing lyrics" by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. The lead single off her highly-anticipated debut album "Feels Like Heaven" "celebrates newfound artistic freedom," according to American Songwriter. The album's follow-up single "Thru the Fire" features Chance the Rapper and was released on March 26, 2021.COMPLEX called it "powerful," noting that it puts "her voice on full display." On June 11, 2021, she announced her debut album, titled "A Beautiful Space" executive produced by The Social Experiment. <mask>'s Music Lab
Started by <mask> in 2016, The Music Lab is a free monthly music and arts education program and talent accelerator for Milwaukee high school students hosted by musician and DJ, B-Free. At The Music Lab, students have the opportunity to learn about the music and entertainment industries through featured guests. They are also given the opportunity to collaborate, perform, and build relationships with their peers. Currently, <mask>'s Music Lab is one of four grantees nation-wide to receive funding from the U.S. Presidential Scholars Foundation. Musical influences
In terms of her singing, <mask> has noted influences including "strong women": Eva Cassidy, Mariah Carey, Celine Dion and India Arie, whereas her songwriting is inspired by poets including Joni Mitchell, Thom York and Patty Griffin.Discography
Projects
Hope & Heart (2011)
The Refinery (2014)
EPs
How Did We Get Here (2020)
Albums
A Beautiful Space (2021)
A Beautiful Space (Deluxe) (2021)
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
People from Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
New York University alumni
Musicians from Wisconsin
Songwriters from
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<mask> (September 6, 1934 – April 17, 2012) was an American teacher, author, and political activist from Chicago, Illinois. <mask> was on the Socialist Party USA's presidential ticket twice. He was the party's vice-presidential nominee in 1976 alongside former Milwaukee mayor Frank P. Zeidler. In 1992, he returned to SPUSA's ticket when he ran as a candidate for president of the United States. Background
<mask> was born September 6, 1934, to Olive and <mask> of Enid, Oklahoma. He grew up during the Dust Bowl era with his brother, <mask>, matriculating through Enid Public Schools and graduating Enid High School in 1952. While in Enid he worked for the Enid News & Eagle and radio station KCRC.He also studied at Phillips University. He met Andrea Rosaaen, a needlepoint artist, while studying at the University of Oklahoma. He graduated from the College of Arts and Sciences in 1955, and she from the College of Fine Arts in 1954. They married in 1955 and then lived for some time in Madison, Wisconsin while he studied for his graduate degree at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He was an agnostic. Teaching career
J<mask> <mask> taught history and social studies for 32 years at the high school and middle school level, including briefly in Gurnee, Illinois before relocating to Chicago, where he taught at Mason Upper Grade Center, Thomas Kelly High School and Harlan High until his retirement in 1990. He served several terms as a representative in the American Federation of Teachers, Local 1, and frequently served on strike committees.He received several teaching awards, including being named Teacher of the Year by Teachers for Integrated Schools in 1964. Activism
J<mask> <mask> was active as an ally in many social movements during his lifetime, beginning with the Civil Rights Movement. <mask> took
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part in the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964—where he was briefly jailed—and in several Southern Christian Leadership Conference-sponsored activities in Alabama from 1965 to 1967. As a student at the University of Oklahoma in the 1950s, <mask> was once physically attacked for being the first white member of the local NAACP chapter. He was active in the anti-Vietnam War movement and served as a boycott captain for the United Farm Workers. In July 1990, he and Andrea helped smuggle 3,000 condoms donated by ACT-UP Chicago to the Moscow Lesbian and Gay Union. Around the time of his run for president in 1992, <mask> had been primarily involved in the disability rights movement, with American Disabled for Attendant Programs Today (ADAPT), even serving three days in an Orlando jail for taking part in an ADAPT demonstration.He was arrested 22 times as a political activist. Socialist Party USA
<mask> had been a member of the Socialist party since 1959. He attempted to run for mayor of Chicago in 1975 via a write-in campaign after failing gain enough signatures to be placed on the ballot. 1976 Vice Presidential campaign
<mask> was Frank P. Zeidler's vice presidential running mate in 1976 for the Socialist Party USA. The Miami Herald reported that <mask> traveled via Amtrak across the country speaking to small groups of socialists. On the trail, he was described as speaking with "an unpretentious charm which combines a down-home practicality and a simple humor." Only on a handful of state ballots because of the difficulty and expense of the process, Zeidler/Brisben received 6,038 votes.That election was the first time the Socialist Party had run a presidential candidate since the 1956. 1992 Presidential campaign
<mask> and his running mate Bill Edwards were nominated at the 1991 Socialist Party USA
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convention. However, Edwards died during the campaign and writer Barbara Garson was selected to replace him on the ballot. In March 1992, <mask> participated in a presidential debate with other minor party and independent presidential candidates, which was aired on C-SPAN. The <mask> ticket appeared on the ballots of Tennessee, Utah, Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia; ultimately, they received 3,071 votes. Works
<mask> published three poetry collections, and a novel, V for Victory Blues. He also contributed interviews to four books written by Studs Terkel, and to the 2003 anthology Queer Crips he contributed a story entitled "A Wedding Celebration" about the gay couple Erik von Schmetterling and <mask> who were his fellow activists with ADAPT.He also wrote many articles for the Monthly Review and other journals. Interviews
The writer Studs Terkel, a friend, interviewed <mask> in four of his books:
The Great Divide: Second Thoughts on the American Dream (1988)
Race: What Blacks and Whites Think and Feel About the American Obsession (1992). Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Reflections on Death, Rebirth and Hunger for a Faith (2001)
Hope Dies Last: Keeping the Faith in Difficult Times (2003)
Poetry collections
Novels and stories
Journal articles
<mask>, <mask>. (1997). "Surviving in Tough Country." Monthly Review. 49.59. 10.14452/MR-049-07-1997-11_9. <mask>, <mask>. (1999). "Mass Movements Need Mass History." Monthly Review. 50.55. 10.14452/MR-050-08-1999-01_8. <mask>, <mask>. (1998). "The Cicerone at Antietam." Michigan Quarterly Review. 37.236–237. <mask>, J<mask>. "Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-65." Monthly Review, Jan. 1999, p. 55+. Gale Document Number: GALE|A53972893
<mask>, J<mask>. "The Children." Monthly Review, Jan. 1999, p. 55+.Gale Document Number:
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GALE|A53972894
J<mask> <mask> (1965) A HISTORY OF RACISM, Equity & Excellence in Education, 3:1, 36–37, DOI: 10.1080/0020486650030108
<mask>, J<mask>. "No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement." Monthly Review, Nov. 1993, p. 61+. Gale Document Number: GALE|A14541332
<mask>, J. <mask>. "Red Dirt: Growing Up Okie." Monthly Review, Dec. 1997, p. 59+. Gale Document Number: GALE|A20348067
<mask>, J. <mask>."ADAPT sets a good example." Monthly Review, Feb. 1992, p. 35+. Gale Document Number: GALE|A11832060
<mask>, J<mask>. "Witness Against the Beast: William Blake and the Moral Law." Monthly Review, Sept. 1994, p. 59+. Gale Document Number: GALE|A15823658
<mask>, J<mask>. "A Wedding Celebration" Bent: A Journal of Crip/Gay Voices.Nov. 2001. Death
J<mask> <mask> died at his apartment in Chicago, Illinois on April 17, 2012. Andrea was born in 1932, and they were married in 1955, a union that lasted 56 years. They had a daughter named Becky and a son named Michael. Andrea founded Changing Woman Designs, a needlepoint pattern company, in 1991 which she ran until her death on August 5, 2016. References
1935 births
2012 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Activists for African-American civil rights
American Federation of Teachers people
American civil rights activists
American people with disabilities
Illinois socialists
Members of the Democratic Socialists of America
Oklahoma socialists
Poets from Oklahoma
Politicians from Enid, Oklahoma
Socialist Party USA presidential nominees
Socialist Party USA vice presidential nominees
Candidates in the 1992 United States presidential election
1976 United States vice-presidential candidates
University of Oklahoma alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Writers from Enid, Oklahoma
Enid High School alumni
Writers from
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<mask> () is an Indian former judge of the Hon'ble High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan. He was administered oath on 11 April 2016 by the then Chief Justice S.K. Mittal of the Rajasthan High Court. He worked at the Principal Bench of the High Court in Jodhpur as well as its Circuit Bench in Jaipur. He also served as the Chairperson of the Solid Waste Management Committee established by National Green Tribunal (NGT), New Delhi for Rajasthan and now presides over domestic as well as international commercial arbitrations, mainly in Rajasthan. Early life and education
Born on 28 July 1956 at Ajmer. His father <mask> is a (Retd.)Deputy Director of Education, Rajasthan and mother Late Smt. Saroj Kumari Maheshwari was (Retd.) Additional Director of Education, Rajasthan. As a student, he was always arduous in academics and was a keen debater throughout his education which made him win various awards. After attending Government College, Ajmer in 1975 where he pursued B.Sc. (Hons.) in Mathematics, he took admission to Law Faculty in the University of Rajasthan, Jaipur and obtained a first class degree in L.L.B in the year 1978.Career
<mask> joined Rajasthan Judicial Service (RJS) in the first attempt in 1980 at the young age of 24. Thereafter, he served at various places and positions in the districts of Jaipur, Dholpur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Sirohi, Bharatpur, Dausa etc. He was promoted to Rajasthan Higher Judicial Service (RHJS) in the year 1999 and thereafter served at Bhilwara, Udaipur, Sikar, Jodhpur and Jaipur during which he also discharged duties in the Special Courts of SC/ST, Women Atrocities etc. and later, assumed the charge of District & Sessions Judge, Jaipur Metropolitan. He was assigned some prestigious positions like Registrar (Administration), Registrar (Vigilance), Registrar (Examination) and OSD (Finance & Infrastructure) in the Hon'ble High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan and he also served as Principal Secretary (Law & Legal Affairs Dept.) to the Government of Rajasthan along with
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additional charges. 2014 Lawyers' strike
In 2014, when <mask> was District & Sessions Judge, Jaipur Metropolitan, he came to the rescue of entire lower judiciary in the state by protecting his subordinate Additional District and Sessions Judge Mahendra Singh Chaudhary on 7 July 2014 who felt offended by a group of lawyers attempting to pressurize him to recall a judicial order passed against an advocate Bharat
Bhushan Pareek evicting him from a tenanted premises of an old couple.By taking a bold step, Judge Chaudhary brought it on record and called it contemptuous. The order was supported by <mask> despite protest and threats from the Bar. It triggered a complete strike on 9 July 2014 by around one lakh lawyers in 800 courts across the state demanding transfer of both the judges by calling their actions anti-lawyer activities. Some serious allegations of corruption were also leveled against both the judges. Nonetheless, <mask>, being the senior most officer of the district judiciary, boldly led from the front against unethical elements of the Bar who brought disrepute to the institution. On 14 July, the then Rajasthan High Court Judge Bela M. Trivedi took suo moto cognizance of the strike and issued a contempt notice to the group of lawyers for making a mountain out of a molehill to go on strike. That made the lawyers include Bela M. Trivedi's transfer too the main demand to end the strike.Subsequently, Supreme Court Bench of Justices Sudhanshu Jyoti Mukhopadhyaya and S.A. Bobde had to intervene in the matter on 4 August which told Jaipur lawyer Bharat Bhushan Pareek, an appellant in an eviction decree against him for a flat and a basement in a prime Jaipur locality: "First end the strike and then come to us on August 8." A Bench of Justices Dipak Misra and Vikramajit Sen also issued notices to the Bar Council of India, the State Bar Council of Rajasthan, and the Jaipur High Court Bar Association to appear before the Supreme Court on 9 September 2014 to explain the ongoing strike.
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Simultaneously, clash erupted between two groups of advocates in Rajasthan when one group decided to call off the ongoing strike and resume work in courts while the other group pressed upon boycotting the work till the time both the judges Chaudhary and Maheshwari in Jaipur were transferred. Finally, the strike was called off by the Advocate General N. M. Lodha on 14 September after 68 days of absence from work. While none of the judges was transferred as demanded, the worst blow of the strike was suffered by the litigants and undertrial prisoners who had to present their cases themselves in courts since the advocates did not appear. <mask>'s solidarity with the lower judiciary in securing its independence was appreciated in this whole incidence and he was admired for keeping up the rule of law laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India that strike by advocates is illegal. Representations and other positions held
Conference on 'Gender Justice' organized by the British Council in 2000
Represented Government of Rajasthan in 2015 for the course on "Legislative Drafting" organized by the University College of London in association with the British High Commission in London, United Kingdom
Member representative for the Government of Rajasthan at the National Seminar on "Narcotic Drugs Challenges and Solutions" organized by National Legal Services Authority and State Legal Services Authority, Himachal Pradesh in 2015
Was Ex-officio Member, Governing Council, National Law University, Jodhpur
Personal life
Apart from law, he has profound interest in spiritualism and is a passionate nature lover.His father Shri K. N<mask> runs a charitable trust to educate the poor children living in the streets in which his wife is also a trustee. Daughter Purva is married and son Naman is an advocate practicing in the Supreme Court of India. References
External links
Official website
20th-century Indian judges
Living people
Government College Umuahia alumni
University of Rajasthan alumni
People from
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<mask> of Halych (; ; 1208 – 1241) was the rulerfrom 1214 prince, and from 1215 or 1216 to 1221 kingof Halych, and duke of Slavonia from 1226 to his death. He was the second son of Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania. His father and Leszek the White, Duke of Poland, concluded an agreement about the marriage of Coloman and Leszek's daughter, Salomea, and the division of Halych, allotting its western regions to Leszek, the remaining lands to Coloman. The Hungarian and Polish armies occupied the principality in late 1214. Andrew II appointed a Hungarian nobleman, Benedict the Bald, to administer it on Coloman's behalf. Coloman was crowned the first king of Halych with the pope's authorization in early 1216. After the Hungarian troops occupied the western Galician territories, Leszek made an alliance with Mstislav Mstislavich, Prince of Novgorod.Mstislav invaded Halych, forcing Coloman and his supporters to flee to Hungary, most probably in early 1219. Mstislav supported his son-in-law, Daniel Romanovichwho had claimed Halych since 1205to invade Polish territories, which brought about a reconciliation between Andrew II and Leszek. The Hungarians and Poles again occupied Halych and restored it to Coloman in the autumn of 1219. Mstislav and his Cuman allies defeated the Hungarians near Halych and captured Coloman and Salomea in August 1221. To secure their release, Andrew II renounced Halych and arranged a marriage alliance between his youngest son, Andrew, and Mstislav's daughter. Coloman returned to Hungary in late 1221 or 1222. He settled in Szepes (now Spiš in Slovakia) where he had held large estates since the late 1210s.Andrew II made him duke of Slavonia, with jurisdiction also in Croatia and Dalmatia, in 1226. He cooperated with his eldest brother, Béla, in revising their father's donations already during Andrew II's
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lifetime. Early life
Coloman was the second son of Andrew II of Hungary and his first wife, Gertrude of Merania. Andrew's father (Coloman's grandfather), Béla III of Hungary, was the first king of Hungary to conquer the Principality of Halych in 1188. Béla granted Halych to the teenager Andrew, but Andrew was unpopular, especially because his troops did not respect the Galicians' Orthodox faith. The Galicians expelled him in 1189 or 1190, but he did not abandon his claim to Halych. After Roman Mstislavich, who had united the principalities of Volhynia and Halych under his rule, died fighting against the Poles in 1205, Andrew launched a military campaign against Halych in almost each year.He adopted the title of "King of Galicia and Lodomeria" in token of his claim to both principalities. Initially, he supported Roman Mstislavich's minor sons, Daniel and Vasilko Romanovich, against Vladimir Igorevich and his brothers, who also claimed Halych. <mask> was born in 1208. According to historians Márta Font and Gábor Barabás, he was named most probably for <mask> of Stockerau, an Irish pilgrim who had been martyred in Austria in 1012. <mask>'s mother showed blatant favoritism towards her German kinsmen and courtiers, which outraged the native lords. She was murdered by a group of Hungarian noblemen in September 1213, shortly after her husband departed for a new military campaign against Halych. Andrew returned to Hungary, but only after appointing a Galician boyar (or nobleman), Vladislav Kormilichich, to lead the Hungarian army to Halych.Kormilichich took control of the principality on Andrew's behalf. Leszek the White, Duke of Poland, granted asylum to Daniel and Vasilko Romanovich and made an alliance with princes Alexandr Vsevolodovich of Vladimir and Mstislav Yaroslavich of Peresopnytsia. They invaded Halych and routed
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Kormilichich, but they could not capture the capital of the principality. In a letter to Pope Innocent III, Andrew stated that Galician boyars had proposed him to grant Halych to Coloman. According to the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle, Leszek the White was the first to suggest the same idea, also proposing his daughter, Salomea, to Coloman. Andrew and Leszek had a meeting in Szepes in the autumn of 1214. They reached a compromise, which included the marriage of Coloman and Salomea and the cession of two western Galician towns, Przemyśl and Lubaczów, to Leszek.The Hungarian and Polish armies invaded the principality and put an end to Vladislav Kormilichich's rule before the end of the year. Halych
<mask> was installed in Halych soon after the fall of Kormilichich. Since Coloman was a minor, Benedict the Bald was appointed to administer the principality. Another Hungarian nobleman, Demetrius Aba, was made the master of the stewards in Coloman's court before 1216. Kormilichich's former ally, Sudislav, was one of the leading Galician boyars who supported Coloman. Andrew sent a letter to Pope Innocent, requesting him to authorize John, Archbishop of Esztergom to anoint Coloman as king. In his next letter, Andrew thanked the pope for giving consent to Coloman's coronation, but also informed him that a riot had broken out against Coloman and the rebels laid siege to Halych.Andrew urged Innocent to send a legate and a golden crown to Coloman to strengthen the legitimacy of his rule. Pope Honorius III mentioned in a letter in 1222 that the Archbishop of Esztergom had crowned Coloman "with the blessing of the Holy See", but the circumstances of the ceremony are unknown. Historians Font, Barabás and Karol Hollý inferred from the correspondence that Coloman was most probably crowned twice: first (in late 1214 or early 1215) with a
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provisional crown in Hungary, later (probably in early 1216) with the crown sent by the pope. Other historiansincluding Tibor Almási, Nataša Procházková and Đura Hardiconclude that <mask> was first anointed, and he was only once crowned, in early 1216. The relationship between Andrew and Leszek the White had meanwhile become tense. Leszek granted Vladimir-in-Vohynia, which was the most prestigious princely seat in Volhynia, to Daniel and Vasilko Romanovich. He also failed to support Coloman during the siege of Halych.The Hungarian army invaded western Galicia and captured Przemyśl and Lubaczów in late 1215 or early 1216. Leszek approached Mstislav Mstislavich, Prince of Novgorod, seeking his assistance against the Hungarians. The reconstruction of the ensuing events is difficult, because their dating is uncertain. Mstislav invaded Halych between 1215 and 1219most probably in early 1219, according to Font and Barabásand forced <mask>, Benedict the Bald and Sudislav to flee to Hungary. Mstislav gave his daughter, Anna, in marriage to Daniel Romanovich who soon occupied the lands between the rivers Wieprz and Bug from Leszek. Outraged by Daniel's attack, Leszek made a new alliance with Andrew II. Their united forces defeated Mstislav's army in three battles in October 1219.Mstislav and Daniel were forced to abandon Halych and Coloman returned to the principality. Andrew most probably made Sudislav's son-in-law, Philnius, the commander of the Hungarian army in Halych around this time, according to Font and Barabás. Mstislav hired Cumans and again invaded Halych in late 1220 or early 1221, but could not capture the capital. Mstislav's fiasco encouraged Philnius to join Leszek's campaign against Volhynia, leaving Coloman and Salomea in the newly fortified Church of the Virgin Mary in Halych. Taking advantage of the absence of the bulk
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of the Hungarian army, Mstislav and the Cumans laid siege Halych in August 1221. Philnius hurried back from his campaign, but Mstislav defeated his army and he could only flee with the help of a Galician boyar, Zhiroslav on 14 August. <mask>'s retainers tried to resist in the fortified church, but the lack of water forced them to surrender.The Polish chronicler, Jan Długosz, wrote that <mask> and Salomea were imprisoned in the fortress of Torchesk. Internal strifes in Hungary prevented Coloman's father from launching a military expedition against Mstislav. Andrew entered into negotiations with Mstislav and they reached a compromise in late 1221 or early 1222. According to the agreement, Coloman was to renounce the title of King of Halych, but Mstislav agreed to give his daughter, Maria, in marriage to Coloman's younger brother, Andrew, to whom Coloman's royal title would be transferred. Kingdom of Hungary
Szepes
After his release in late 1221 or early 1222, Coloman returned to Hungary. His father soon approached Pope Honorius III, asking him to invalidate his agreement with Mstislav. The pope only cancelled the provision about the transfer of Coloman's royal title to his younger brother, because the pope preserved the right to decide about coronations.Coloman styled himself "King of Galicia" till the end of his life, although he never returned to Halych. He and his wife settled in Szepes, near the Hungarian-Galician border. Font and Barabás say that Coloman had received estates in the region already in the late 1210s. A late source (a 1279 letter of Elizabeth the Cuman) mentioned that Coloman had held Szepes till the end of his life. <mask>'s activities in Szepes are poorly documented. He granted privileges to the "guest settlers" in Szepesolaszi (now Spišské Vlachy in Slovakia). He made donations to the Cistercian monastery
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which was established in the 1220s in Szepes.Coloman also supported the establishment of the Premonstratensian provostry at Jászó (now Jasov in Slovakia). According to a scholarly theory, the tower of the Szepes Castle was built on Coloman's order. Slavonia
Andrew II entrusted Coloman with the government of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia in 1226. The three provinces had been administered by Coloman's elder brother, Béla, who was appointed to administer Translyvania. Coloman's jurisdiction also included counties located in Hungary proper, such as Baranya, Pozsega, Somogy, Valkó, Varasd and Zala. In the summer of 1226, <mask> visited Dalmatia where he was ceremoniously received in the towns. He made donations to the Bishopric of Trogir and confirmed his mother's grant to the Hájszentlőrinc Chapter.His following extant diplomas were issued in 1229. Estates located in Szepes were the subjects of both diplomas, implying that Coloman had mostly stayed in Szepes from 1226 to 1229, according to Font and Barabás. Coloman supported Béla's attempts to revise their father's grants already during Andrew II's lifetime. The two brothers jointly confirmed a grant made by a previous ban of Croatia in 1231. Coloman ignored the privileges of the Knights Templar and wanted to collect taxes on their estates. The pope appointed Bartholomew le Gros, the bishop of Pécs, to arbitrate in the dispute together with the abbot of Pécsvárad Abbey and the provost of Pécs Chapter, but also forbade them to excommunicate Coloman without his special authorization. The three prelates persuaded Coloman to confirm the knights' privileges on 31 July 1231, but a full reconciliation was reached only after lengthy negotiations in 1239.<mask> granted liberties to the German, Saxon, Hungarian and Slavic "guest settlers" of Vukovar in 1239. He also confirmed the right of
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the "guest settlers" of Varaždin to elect their judges and put their obligations in writing. <mask> initiated the merger of the Archbishopric of Split and the Bishopric of Zagreb, but Pope Gregory IX reminded him in 1240, that the two dioceses could not be united without the consent of the archbishop of Kalocsa and the chapters of their sees. In 1231, <mask> granted privileges to Vukovar (). <mask>, similarly to his brother, opposed his father's third marriage with Beatrice d'Este and following the death of King Andrew II (21 September 1235) they accused their young stepmother of adultery. Pope Gregory IX persuaded him to pursue the heretics in his provinces and in the adjacent territories; therefore he invaded and occupied Bosnia and Zachlumia but he could not wind up Bogomilism. He supported the establishment of the Diocese of Bosnia and he granted Đakovo () to its bishop.When he was informed that the Mongols invaded the kingdom, he joined his brother's troops. However, their troops were defeated at the Battle of Mohi (11 April 1241). <mask> suffered serious wounds and died of his injuries a few weeks after the battle. Titles
<mask> was styled "by the Grace of God, king of the Ruthenians, and by his glorious father's generosity, duke of Dalmatia and Croatia" in his first extant charter in 1226. Göncöl, Archbishop of Split, referred to <mask> as "king and duke of Slavonia" in 1229. The first document mentioning <mask>'s rule in "whole Slavonia" was issued by the Zagreb Chapter in 1230. He was consequently styled as "king, and duke of whole Slavonia" from the late 1230s.Ancestry
Notes
References
Sources
External links
1208 births
1241 deaths
House of Árpád
Kings of Rus'
Dukes of Slavonia
13th-century Hungarian people
13th century in Ukraine
13th century in Kievan Rus'
Hungarian princes
Hungarian military personnel killed in
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<mask>rbonne (, died ) was a Christian deacon who was martyred in Narbonne in what is now France in the 3rd century. He is venerated by the Catholic Church as a saint. His relics are said to have effected various miracles. They were found in a church in Narbonne and taken to Bèze Abbey in 883. They were held for safe keeping during the Norman invasions in the cathedral of Saint-Étienne de Dijon, then returned to the abbey. Later they were restored to Narbonne, and are held in an elaborate reliquary in Narbonne Cathedral. Life
<mask> was a deacon who was martyred in Narbonne in the 3rd century.He came from a noble family of Narbonne and was raised as a Christian. He studied literature with great success, and was made a deacon. He may have been a victim of the persecution of Valerian in 257. A 19th-century biographer writes that he shone in the assembly of the faithful like the sun at noon by the brilliancy of his teaching and the sanctity of his life, which was shown by many miracles. This caused some people to hate him. They loaded him with chains, cruelly tortured him and broke his skull with a mason's hammer on 7 September 257. It is not recorded whether his murderers were barbarians or Roman soldiers.Relics
H.M. Duplus in his Vie des Saints du diocèse de Dijon (1866) relates that the Christians buried <mask> in a sepulcher, but his enemies pulled the body out and exposed it to be devoured by the birds of prey and scavenging animals. However, God removed the animals and the Christians reburied the saint secretly. Later they put the holy relics in a tomb and raised a small church
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there for thirty years. The monks rebuilt the ruins of the abbey and asked for the saint's body from Dijon. The canons of Dijon at first refused, then at the command of Bishop Gauthier (Guarnerius) of Langres pretended to comply, but in fact gave the monks the body of Saint Silvin. The canons wanted to keep the body of Prudent due to its ability to perform miracles, whereas the relics of Saint Silvin were much less effective. A few days later Prudent himself appeared to the bishop and made a long speech in which he denounced the hoax. The ruse was discovered, and the body of Saint Prudent was carried with great ceremony from Dijon to Bèze in 931.Saint <mask> <mask>rbonne's worship was important to Bèze in the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries. On 8 June 1116 the body of Saint Prudent was taken to the great debate between Lux and Til-Châtel arranged by Jocerand(fr), Bishop of Langres under the presidency of Guy of Burgundy, Archbishop of Vienne, who was later pope under the name of Callixtus II, to put an end to the quarrels, lawsuits and other evils from which the province was suffering. Prudent's body was placed under a temple of greenery with several other saints, and performed great miracles. In 1675 parcels of the relics of Saint Prudent were given to the church of Châtillon-sur-Seine. In 1686 they were given to the city of Narbonne. Reliquary
The relics of the saint are held today in Narbonne Cathedral. The reliquary is an octagonal case made of engraved crystal, embossed silver, painted ivory and many garnets and intaglios, mostly antique.This type of case was given to a bride as
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a place to keep her jewelry. The base rests on ten crystal balls. The angles are in the form of small columns. There is a small drawer in the upper level. The engravings on the crystal plates on the sides and on the lid are finely executed and depict sea scenes, the four seasons, Faith, Justice and a landscape. Mansart <mask>, an inspector of the Monuments historiques, states that the box is of Italian origin and belonged to <mask>' Medici. This seems to be incorrect.It would have originally belonged to a member of the family of Noël-François-Marie d'<mask> <mask>, grand archdeacon of the cathedral during the time of Bishop Arthur Richard Dillon. It would have then been bequeathed to the Église Saint-Sébastien in Narbonne, and the archdeacon would have deposited the relics of Saint Prudent in the box. During the French Revolution the reliquary was taken by the archdeacon to the Ricardelle family estate, where it remained hidden with the other relics of the cathedral until the restoral of the church. It was then taken back to Narbonne Cathedral by the sister of the archdeacon, who had died. Memories
The saint's day is 6 October. The monk Teobaudus (died 1130) wrote the Miracula Sancti Prudentii, which described the miraculous cures that had been effected by the relics of Saint Prudent. <mask> <mask> is mentioned in the prayer to Notre-Dame du Pont de Narbonne, diocese of Carcassonne.There is a stone statue of <mask> in Malange, near Dole, Jura, from the 15th century. Notes
Sources
257 deaths
People from Aude
Ancient Christianity
Ante-Nicene Christian martyrs
Ante-Nicene Christian
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<mask> (October 23, 1924 – August 16, 2018) was a Japanese American writer. Her plays are considered pioneering works in Asian-American theater. Biography
<mask> (née Nakamura) was born in Westmorland, California. Her mother and father, both Issei, or first-generation Japanese immigrants, were farmers in California's Imperial Valley. Many of her stories and her two plays, And the Soul Shall Dance and The Music Lessons, are set in the same dusty, isolated settings". Her plays and stories examine the hardships that Japanese Americans faced in California's agricultural communities and in the internment camps during the second World War. In 1942, at seventeen, <mask> and her family were interned at the Poston, Arizona camp; the title of her play 12-1-A refers to the family's address in the War Relocation Authority camp.While there, she worked on the camp newspaper, the Poston Chronicle, alongside fellow writer Hisaye Yamamoto (with whom Yamauchi would maintain a lifelong friendship). After a year and a half in Poston, Yamauchi resettled outside camp, first in Utah and then in Chicago, where she began to take in interest in theater. In 1948, she married <mask>, with whom she had one child before the couple divorced. She returned to the Los Angeles area, where she studied painting at Otis Art Institute (now called Otis College of Art and Design) and continued to write. Her first published story, And the Soul Shall Dance, appeared in Aiiieeeee! An Anthology of Asian-American
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Writers. Encouraged by East West Players director Mako, she soon after adapted the story into a play.The stage version of And the Soul Shall Dance was first performed at the East West Players in Los Angeles in 1974, and won the 1977 Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for best new play. It was later produced for public television. Rosebud and Other Stories, a collection of stories she wrote in her seventies and eighties, was edited by Lillian Howan and published by University of Hawai'i Press in 2010. A collection of her plays and stories was published in 1994 under the title Songs My Mother Taught Me: Stories, Plays and Memoir. In 2018, <mask> died in Gardena, California at the age of 93. Works
Some of <mask>'s best-known short stories depict the tensions between the aspirations of Issei women and the patriarchal norms of Issei culture. The stories And the Soul Shall Dance and Songs My Mother Taught Me both depict Issei women struggling to fulfill ambitions that contradict traditional gender roles.And the Soul Shall Dance represents one of the most straightforward depictions of an Issei woman's rebellion. By depicting the complex relationships among the female characters, Yamauchi portrays Issei women's resistance and containment. See also
List of Asian American writers
Japanese American internment
References
Scholarly studies
The following articles are listed in the MLA database and are arranged from most recent to oldest:
"A Dying Reed by the Riverbed," in The
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Impossible Land:Story and Place in California's Imperial Valley (University of New Mexico press, 2008): pp. 105–128. "<mask> Yamauchi" By: Jew, Kimberly M.. pp. 343–47 IN: Madsen, Deborah L. (ed. and introd.); Asian American Writers. Detroit, MI: Gale; 2005. "'A Few Footprints of Our Sojourn Here': A Conversation with <mask> <mask>" By: Clem, Billy. pp. 313–29 IN: Alonso Gallo, Laura P. (ed. and introd. ); Voces de América/American Voices: Entrevistas a escritores americanos/Interviews with American Writers.Cádiz, Spain: Aduana Vieja; 2004. Luce Irigaray's Choreography with Sex and Race By: Mori, Kaori; Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 2002 July; 63 (1): 189. State U of New York, Buffalo, 2002. (examines And the Soul Shall Dance)
"And the Soul Shall Dance by <mask> Yamauchi" By: Sumida, Stephen H.. pp. 221–32 IN: Wong, Sau-ling Cynthia (ed. and introd. ); Sumida, Stephen H. (ed.and introd. ); A Resource Guide to Asian American Literature. New York, NY: Modern Language Association of America; 2001. "Jungian and Mythological Patterns in <mask> <mask>'s And the Soul Shall Dance" By: Osumi, M. Dick; Amerasia Journal, 2001; 27 (1): 87-96. "'Nostalgia' or 'Newness': Nihon Buyo in the United States" By: Sellers-Young, Barbara; Women & Performance: A Journal of Feminist Theory, 2001; 12 (1 [23]): 135-49. "The Politics of Re-Narrating History as Gendered War: Asian American Women's Theater" By: Hara, Eriko; Journal of American
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and Canadian Studies, 2000; 18: 37-49. "Hisaye Yamamoto and <mask> Yamauchi" By: Cheung, King-Kok.pp. 343–82 IN: Cheung, King-Kok (ed. and introd. ); Words Matter: Conversations with Asian American Writers. Honolulu, HI: U of Hawaii P, with UCLA Asian American Studies Center; 2000. "A MELUS Interview: <mask> Yamauchi" By: Osborn, William P.; MELUS, 1998 Summer; 23 (2): 101-10. online
The Politics of Life: Four Plays by Asian American Women By: Houston, Velina Hasu (ed.). Philadelphia: Temple UP; 1993.(contains <mask>'s plays The Chairman's Wife and 12-1-A)
"Rebels and Heroines: Subversive Narratives in the Stories of <mask> <mask> and Hisaye Yamamoto" By: Yogi, Stan. pp. 131–50 IN: Lim, Shirley Geok-lin (ed. & introd. ); Ling, Amy (ed. & introd. ); Kim, Elaine H.(fwd. ); Reading the Literatures of Asian America. Philadelphia: Temple UP; 1992. "Relocation and Dislocation: The Writings of Hisaye Yamamoto and <mask> <mask>" By: McDonald, Dorothy Ritsuko; MELUS, 1980 Fall; 7 (3): 21-38. External links
UCLA Bio
And the Soul Shall Dance review from New York Times
1924 births
2018 deaths
American dramatists and playwrights of Japanese descent
American women short story writers
American writers of Japanese descent
Japanese-American internees
People from Imperial County, California
American women dramatists and playwrights
American short story writers of Asian descent
Writers from California
Otis College of Art and Design alumni
20th-century American women
21st-century
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