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Shaheen Bano (born 10 September 1945), known professionally as <mask> (), is a Pakistani actress. She was one of the top stars of the Pakistani film industry in the 1960s and the early 1970s. She was voted among 25 of the greatest actors of Asia in a 2010 CNN poll. Early life
<mask>'s family migrated to Pakistan from India when she was only 3 years old. She received her basic education in Pakistan. She made her screen debut in film Chiragh jalta raha in 1962. During a career that spanned almost three decades, Zeba appeared in numerous commercially successful as well as critically appreciated films, many of which featured her alongside actor and husband Mohammad Ali.She also starred in the 1966 film Arman which was produced by actor and producer Waheed Murad, Pakistan's first Platinum jubilee film. Career
In 1961, producer Noor Mohammad Khan offered her a role of heroine in his film Zindagi but later, due to unknown reasons, film was shelved. By then, she accepted a role in another film Shakir. Arif was the hero, and the movie was eventually released in 1962 with a different name Chiragh jalta raha. Other debut cast were Mohammad Ali and Kamal Irani. Her second release of 1962, Jab say dekha hai tumhain, opposite Darpan earned her critical success. Her next film, Baaji was released in 1963 which was also successful.Her first release of 1964 Taubah was a Golden Jubilee movie. Her pair, first with Kamal and then with Waheed Murad, who was the only producer at that time from Karachi. Her second collaboration with Waheed Murad was in 1964 film Heera aur pathar. Her next three successive releases in 1964, Aashiana, Baghi Sipahi and Head Constable. After the introduction of color movies,
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she first appeared in Najma. Rishtah hey pyar ka was her first film which was shot overseas. Her first release of 1966 was Armaan which was also Pakistan's first Platinum Jubilee Urdu film.Armaan was produced by Waheed Murad himself and directed by Pervaiz Malik. The movie was released on 18 March 1966. She won her first Best Actress award from Nigar Awards for this film. During the same year, <mask> and Waheed Murad were teamed up in two other movies, i.e., Josh and Jaag utha insaan. From 1965 to 1969 <mask> worked in a number of films. Some of her notable and successful films of that time are Eid Mubarak (1964), Kaneez, Dard-e-Dil, Koh-e-Noor, Josh, Suhagan, Taj Mahal, Anjaan, Mohabbat rang laye gi, Ek Phool ek Pathar and Bahoo Rani. In 1970, she played a young-to-old role in Shabab Kiranvi's film Insaan aur Aadmi.Her performance was greatly appreciated and she won her second Best Actress award from Nigar Awards. One of her most memorable role came in 1972 film Mohabbat which was a critical and commercial success and earned her the third Best Actress award from Nigar Awards. She starred in only one Punjabi film named Mehndi wale hath, even though she had worked with a total of 45 film directors over her entire career. She along with Mohammad Ali also worked in 1989 Hindi movie Clerk written, produced, directed by and starring Manoj Kumar alongside an ensemble cast including Rekha, Anita Raj, Shashi Kapoor, Rajendra Kumar, Ashok Kumar, Prem Chopra and Sonu Walia. This was her only Hindi film appearance. <mask> reportedly told a major newspaper of Pakistan in 2021, "I'm not complete without Ali. He was a good husband, a great father and a good friend."Films with Mohammad Ali
By
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the late 1970s, Zeba started to work opposite her husband only. Known as a couple 'Ali-Zeb' in the media, the pair did a number of movies together. Some of their most notable films are:
Chiragh jalta raha (1962) – This was a debut movie for both of them
Aag (1967)
Jaise Jante Naheen (1969)
Baharein Phir Bhi Aaeingee
Dil Diya Dard Liya (1968)
Najma
Afsana Zindagi Ka (1972)
Mohabbat (1972)
Aurat Ek Paheli
Naukar
Mohabbat Zindagi Hai
Jab Jab Phool Khile (Pakistani film)
Phool Mere Gulshan Ka
Daman Aur Chingari (1973)
Her last film was Mohabbat Ho Tau Aesi released in 1989 was also with Mohammad Ali. Personal life
Her first marriage was to Khawaja Rehmat Ali (1959–1962), and her second to Sudhir (1964–1966). Although <mask> had met Mohammad Ali on the set of their debut film Chiragh jalta raha (1962) but their affection for each other was rekindled on the set of film Tum mile pyar mila (1966), and they married while the film was still under production on 29 September 1966. The couple remained married until Ali's death from heart attack on 19 March 2006. Zeba had a daughter from her first marriage named Samina, after marrying Mohammad Ali, he legally adopted Samina, giving her the name Samina Ali.Awards and recognition
Hilal-i-Imtiaz (Crescent of Excellence) Award in 2016 by the President of Pakistan
She received the Nigar Awards three times in her movie career:
Nigar Award for Best Actress in film Armaan (1966 film) in 1966
Nigar Award for Best Actress in film Insaan Aur Aadmi in 1970
Nigar Award for Best Actress in film Mohabbat in 1972
She had also received two special awards from Nigar Awards [Millennium award in 1999] and [Ilyas Rashidi gold medal in
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<mask> (born <mask> in 1979) is an American education reform advocate and public speaker on education reform. He currently serves as the national school board governance leader at the Council of the Great City Schools. Prior to this position, he was Texas Education Agency's Deputy Commissioner for Governance. <mask> served eight years (2008–2016) on the board of the Kansas City Public Schools, serving as president for a majority of his tenure. Early life
West was born in Kansas City, Missouri in 1979. He was raised in and out of foster care. Although he struggled without a stable home, he graduated high school and attended the University of Kansas.He left school early to pursue a job in the computer industry. For a while, he worked for a web development firm after which, he founded his own firm. He later moved to the Ivanhoe neighborhood in Kansas City, joining the Ivanhoe Neighborhood Council, and becoming involved in the efforts to revitalize the struggling neighborhood. He has also helped raise several young men in the neighborhood, giving them a place to stay when they are in need and allowing many of the kids in the neighborhood access to a computer during the day. West was also involved in mentorship programs in several schools in the city. Career
School Board Member
In the first half of 2008, he ran for a seat on the board of the Kansas City, Missouri School District. He obtained a sufficient number of signatures to be placed on the ballot.He had previously served on the boards of the Ivanhoe Neighborhood Council, Gordon Parks Elementary School, Stephanie Waterman Foundation, Simply Equine Assisted Therapy, and University of Missouri Extension. He was also the originator of "The Ivanhoe Project," a program at the Kansas City School of Urban Education that placed teachers training to work in urban-area schools in inner-city residences to expose them to the environments their students come from. After he was elected to the school board, he was later appointed school board president in 2010. As president, he
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led a community outreach effort to promote the newly restructured school district. He along with other board members and volunteers called district residents by phone and knocked on doors to directly engage with residents. In August 2011, the school district superintendent <mask> suddenly resigned. Some on the board blamed West for the resignation, accusing him of being too directly involved in the operations of the school district and frustrating the superintendent.It was not until a few years later that Covington clarified to The Kansas City Star that the decision to leave was not in anyway motivated by West's actions. Following this incident, West briefly resigned his presidency on the board but remained as a member. Only a month later in September 2011, he was re-elected as president by a 7–1 vote. In March 2012, he was again part of the direct community outreach program to re-enroll students that had dropped out of school, part of an effort to regain the school district's accreditation. In April 2012, he was re-elected to the at-large seat on the school board for another four-year term. Efforts to achieve higher enrollment levels continued in his new term with more door-to-door efforts to educate parents and register students for the school year beginning in August 2013. In 2013, West received the year's local Consensus Civility Award given by a non-profit group Consensus.He was also a finalist for the Top Urban Educator of the Year Award, which is awarded by the Council of the Great City Schools. In 2014, Missouri State School Board announced that the Kansan City School District had regained provisional accreditation. In 2016, West elected not to run again for a seat on the school board, ending his tenure on April 13. He had served eight years on the board. During his tenure, the school district made several academic and operational improvements. An audit of the school district's finances returned no concerns compared to nineteen problem areas in 2008. Texas Deputy Commissioner of Education
In early 2016,
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West officially changed his name to <mask> <mask> as part of an adult adoption, taking the last name of his childhood foster parents and choosing the middle name <mask> which he says signifies "the journey God put him on"
In April 2016, the new Texas Commissioner of Education Mike Morath appointed <mask> as one of his Deputy Commissioners.According to the Texas Education Agency (TEA) website, <mask> is in charge of the agency's efforts to improve schools and ensure accreditation as the Deputy Commissioner of Governance. His full list of responsibilities originally included "school improvement, charters, governance, complaints management, system support & innovation, investigations, school discipline/safety, accreditation, waivers, and districts of innovation," but was curtailed later to include only "enforcement & support and governance & investigations." According to <mask>, as he frequently states, his main focus is "improving student outcomes". In his role, Crabill developed and frequently facilitates leadership and governance training sessions to educate current and potential school administrators and board members on how to better execute the responsibilities of their positions. At times, his workshops are obligatory as part of the conditions for approval of the improvement plans submitted by underperforming schools. In November 2016, <mask> sent a letter to eleven school boards of under-performing districts requiring that they undergo training to adjust their plans to improve their respective districts. All of the school boards agreed to the training while several did so begrudgingly.However, the workshops were well-received with board members in attendance expressing their hopeful outlook on the future of interactions with the TEA. References
External links
Application for employment at the Texas Education Agency
Living people
People from Joplin, Missouri
Texas Education Agency
Education in Kansas City, Missouri
Education in Jackson County, Missouri
1979 births
School board members in Missouri
Adult
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<mask> (born 30 August 1981) is a Congolese international footballer who plays as a Striker for Crawley Wanderers FC. He previously played for Isthmian League Premier Division side Hampton & Richmond Borough, as well as for Barnet, Chesham United, Darlington, Dagenham & Redbridge, Thurrock, AFC Bournemouth, Cambridge United, Luton Town and Leeds United in England, and Albacete in Spain. He usually celebrates his goals with a somersault, like his cousin Lomana Tresor LuaLua. Kandol became known as <mask> in Spain. Club career
Early career
Kandol started his career at Luton Town where he was voted young player of the year twice, broke the record of the youngest player to play in the first team and then went to AFC Bournemouth, where he scored once in the Football League Trophy against future club Barnet. He then dropped to non-league football and became a highly prolific goalscorer at Thurrock, his tally of 79 goals in 110 games got him noticed back at a higher level of football and he joined Dagenham & Redbridge in the conference where he scored 9 goals in 13 games and subsequently had a successful loan spell back in league football at Darlington. Barnet
On 18 November 2006, Kandol scored an injury time winner against Rochdale at Underhill to complete his hat-trick that also saw Barnet win their third consecutive league game.Kandol's impact for Barnet saw him topping up the chart as the top scorer in F.A. Cup with 6 goals to his name, he highlighted himself by scoring by lobbing the goalkeeper from the halfway line against Cardiff City and a header to take them out of the cup, followed by another two against Cheltenham Town but his best performance came from Elland Road where he scored a powerful header. A string of good performances attracted the attention of several Championship clubs such as Crystal Palace, Cardiff City, Watford, Hull City and Leeds United. Whilst at Barnet in 2006, Kandol
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<mask><mask> is an American NASCAR crew chief, team owner and an American professional stock car racing driver. He is employed at his own team of On Point Motorsports as the crew chief for Danny Bohn in the No. 30 Toyota Tundra. He has crew chiefed in NASCAR since 2000, and has been an owner in NASCAR since 2018. Racing career
Crew chiefing career
Cup Series
<mask> started crew chiefing in 2000 in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series with Jeremy Mayfield scoring a strong 2nd-place finish at Phoenix Raceway, he caught the attention of Kyle Petty however after the 2nd with Mayfield he would go into a slump not scoring another top ten in the Cup Series till 2006 at Watkins Glen International with Scott Pruett. After that he would bounce to the drivers of the No. 40 at Chip Ganassi Racing scoring a best finish of 8th at Talladega with David Stremme.In 2009 he would jump to new team Front Row Motorsports with John Andretti in the No. 34 scoring a beat finish of 16th at Loudon. He would then jump ship once again to Robby Gordon Motorsports in 2011 scoring a best finish of 16th at Daytona in July with Robby Gordon. Halfway through the 2011 season he would leave Robby Gordon Motorsports and join Swan Racing (then Inception Motorsports) where he would stay till 2014 having one top 15 with David Stremme at Talladega where they would finish 12th. He would have one last race with Swan in Swan's final race at Richmond Raceway with J.J. Yeley finishing 40th. <mask> would follow J.J. to Team Xtreme Racing and stay till midway through 2014 after poor performance from Yeley where their best finish was a 34th. <mask> made one final cup stint as a crew chief for Randy Humphrey Racing scoring a best finish of 26th at Watkins Glen International with Nelson Piquet Jr. in Nelson's one and only Cup start.His final Cup crew chiefing effort came at Charlotte with Corey LaJoie where they would finish 35th. Xfinity Series
<mask>'s first Xfinity race as a crew chief came in 2015 at Daytona with Eric McClure where he finished 17th, he
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stayed till the 10th race of the season at Talladega where they finished 21st, <mask> returned with Kyle Fowler at Charlotte where they finished 27th, after <mask> took a short break and returned at Daytona with longtime driver-crew chief pairing J.J. Yeley where they would finish 20th. In a shock to everyone the next race at Kentucky with the combination of <mask> and Yeley they would win the pole and finish 18th, this would lead JGL to put <mask> in the car with Yeley for the rest of the season where they would rack up 14 top 20's and 4 top 15's. In 2016 Yeley split from JGL leaving Lane at JGL with new driver Dakoda Armstrong, they performed on a decent level but would split for 4 races however partner backup midway through at Pocono and finish 18th, this led JGL to partner them back up after Iowa for the rest of the season except for the races Dakoda was in with Joe Gibbs Racing in the No. 18, they would rack up 15 top 20's and 3 top 15's. In 2017 he and Armstrong were slated for a full season where they would score 2 top 10's and two top 5's while also scoring his first top 5 since the year 2000 in his Cup debut with Jeremy Mayfield at Phoenix and would score a best finish of 3rd place at Daytona. They split up after Dakoda barely missed the playoffs, He would bounce back to the No.24 car for JGL with Corey LaJoie and Dylan Lupton where he would score 4 top 20's and 2 top 15's. He returned in 2018 for what would be JGL's final season with Dylan Lupton and Tony Mrakovich scoring 2 top 25's with Lupton and having 1 top 25 with Mrakovich. Truck Series
In July 2018 <mask> started his own team called On Point Motorsports, he made his first start at Bristol with Scott Lagasse, Jr. where they would finish 31st. The team returned at Las Vegas with returning driver Austin Theriault where they would finish 8th after avoiding numerous wrecks. Lagasse returned at Talladega where he would finish 18th. <mask> hired Jeb Burton to drive at Martinsville and Homestead where he would finish 15th and 18th
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respectively. In November 2018, <mask> announced his plans to field a full-time truck for the 2019 season.In 2019, <mask> started crew chiefing Brennan Poole, his first full-time job as a crew chief since 2017. They racked up three top ten and one top five. Their two top tens came at both Texas races, and they finishing 9th in the June race and 7th in the , at Charlotte finishing 2nd, and at Texas finishing. Whelen Modified Tour driver Danny Bohn would make his Truck Series debut that year for On Point Motorsports, running the last three races of the season in the No. 30. Poole and Bohn returned to split the season in the No. 30 in 2020.Rick Markle started the season as crew chief, although <mask> replaced him atop the pit box later in the season. For 2021, Bohn returned to On Point Motorsports, beginning at the season-opener at Daytona. Team owner
On July 10, 2018 <mask> and a group of investors started On Point Motorsports. The team debuted at Bristol with Scott Lagasse, Jr. finishing 31st, they ran one other race with Lagasse at Talladega where he finished 18th. The team returned with Austin Theriault at Las Vegas where they would finish 8th. They ran two more races with Jeb Burton behind the wheel at Martinsville and Homestead-Miami Speedway with a best finish of 15th at Martinsville. On November 29, 2018 On Point Motorsports announced they would run a full-time NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series schedule and a part-time ARCA Menards Series schedule for the 2019 season.Derrick Lancaster was named as driver for the team's first race at Daytona International Speedway. On January 28, 2019, On Point Motorsports announced they would run full-time with Brennan Poole and run for NASCAR Rookie of the Year honors. The team cracked the top ten for the first time in 2019 at Texas, finishing ninth. Racing career
In 2019, <mask> made his racing debut in an asphalt modified at Bowman Gray Stadium. References
External links
Living people
1972 births
People from Maiden, North Carolina
NASCAR crew
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<mask> (June 5, 1921 – April 14, 1976), better known as <mask>, was a Brazilian-American fashion designer, who became famous for opposing the Brazilian military dictatorship after the forced disappearance of her son, Stuart. She was also the mother of journalist <mask>. In 2014, the National Truth Commission created to gather and review information about crimes committed during the years of the CIA and U.S. government-backed Brazilian military dictatorship, a former agent of the military repression named Cláudio Antônio Guerra, confirmed the participation of agents of the security apparatus in the death of <mask>. Life and career
Zuzu <mask> was born on June 5, 1921, in Curvelo, Brazil. While still a child, she moved to Belo Horizonte, later living in Bahia. Bahian culture and colors significantly influenced the style of <mask>'s creations. In 1947, she went to live in Rio de Janeiro, then Brazil's capital city.In the 1950s, <mask> began her work as a seamstress, usually making clothing for close relatives. At the start of the 1970s, she opened up a store in Ipanema, at the same time beginning to exhibit her clothes on American catwalks. In her fashion expositions, she always harnessed the joy and richness of the colours of Brazilian culture, making a name for herself in the fashion world of her time. <mask> married an American salesman, <mask> Jones, and on January 11, 1946, they had a son, Stuart. Forced disappearance of <mask>
<mask> was an undergraduate student at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro's School of Economics when he joined the left-wing urban guerrilla group Revolutionary Movement 8th October (Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro – MR-8). He was known by his fellow guerrillas by the codenames "Paulo" and "Henrique". He married fellow militant Sônia Maria Morais <mask>, who later died in the custody of the military dictatorship's political police.Stuart was arrested in the neighborhood of Grajaú, Rio de Janeiro, near Av. 28 de Setembro, around 9 a.m. on June 14, 1971, by officers of the Air Force
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Information Center (Centro de Informações da Aeronáutica – CISA). He was then taken under custody to CISA headquarters, where he was reportedly tortured. According to political prisoner Alex Polari, who claimed to have witnessed the incident, Stuart was then tied to the back of a jeep with his mouth glued to the vehicle's exhaust pipe and dragged through the courtyard of the Air Force base, resulting in his death by asphyxiation and carbon monoxide poisoning. His body was never found. Aftermath
Alex Polari wrote a letter to <mask> <mask> explaining the circumstances of her son's death. Based on Polari's letter and other evidence, <mask> reported the murder to Ted Kennedy, who revealed the case during a speech at the United States Senate.<mask> also handed to then Secretary of State of the United States, Henry Kissinger, a letter she wrote herself, a translation of Polari's letter, and a copy of the twentieth volume of the book History of the Brazilian Republic by Hélio Silva, in which Stuart's death is discussed. According to Silva, among the reactions of the regime to the protests of the American-Brazilian community were the removal and subsequent retirement of Brigadier João Paulo Burnier, who Polari accused of being responsible for Stuart's death, and the dismissal of then Minister of the Air Force, Márcio de Sousa Melo. Death
<mask> <mask> was killed in a car crash on April 14, 1976. The suddenness of her death raised suspicions of further government involvement; the case was investigated by the Comissão de Mortos e Desaparecidos Políticos (Commission on Political Deaths and Disappearances), under process number 237/96, who found many reasons to doubt the official version of events. In 2014, the involvement of agents of the military repression regime in Brazil in her death was confirmed. A former agent named
Cláudio Antônio Guerra, wrote the book Memories of a Dirty War, in which he details several crimes in which he participated and he also revealed details about historical events of that time, among them the
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Riocentro May Day Attack, the death of <mask> <mask> and others. Cláudio Antônio Guerra, who was director of the Department of Political and Social Order, known as DOPS, a department notorious for the involvement in torture, extrajudicial killings and forced disappearance, pointed out to the presence at the scene of the accident at the moment it occurred of army Colonel Freddie Perdigão, a repression agent and known torturer.In a photo taken at the scene of the accident that killed the stylist, Freddie Perdigão is seen standing close to the car as if a passer-by. The photo had been taken on April 14, 1976 and was published by the press on the day of disaster but Perdigão had not been identified in the photo until Guerra identified him to the members of the Commission. Homages and cultural references
<mask> is the patron of Juventude Revolucionária 8 de Outubro, MR-8's youth branch. MR-8 is now a faction of the Brazilian Democratic Movement. Stuart's probable death by asphyxiation and carbon monoxide poisoning was referred in the lyrics of the song "Cálice", written by Chico Buarque and Gilberto Gil. In homage to Zuzu <mask>, and other mothers who were unable to bury their children, Buarque wrote the song "Angélica" in 1977. In 2006, the events surrounding Stuart's death were dramatised in the film Zuzu Angel, directed by Sérgio Rezende.The movie, in which Daniel de Oliveira plays Stuart, is about Zuzu's struggle to find out the truth of her son's death. The Tunnel Dois Irmãos, which connects Gávea to São Conrado, the same place where Zuzu's car crashed, was renamed after her. In 2015, <mask> was commemorated on her 94th birthday with a Google Doodle featuring a motif adapted from the prints she used in her designs. References
External links
Zuzu o Anjo at Bolsa Demulher
Zuzu Angel Institute
1921 births
1976 deaths
People from Minas Gerais
Brazilian fashion designers
Military dictatorship in Brazil
Brazilian expatriates in the United States
Dead and missing in the fight against the military dictatorship in Brazil
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<mask> (Arabic: محمود عوض; 28 December 1942 – 28 August 2009) was an Egyptian journalist and writer, born in the city of Talkha in Dakahlia Governorate. Education
Due to his excessive love of reading, Awad almost failed his classes, causing him to promise his dad to work hard on himself. Indeed, <mask>'s father was sent a 25-pounds paycheck by the Minister of Education, Kamal el-Din Hussein, in acknowledgement to <mask>'s success. Feeling reassured about his son's future, <mask>'s father handed the check to his son and left. Awad enrolled in law school and continued to pursue writing as a hobby. Hence, he joined Akhbar el-Yom foundation, in which he successfully managed to balance between journalism and studying, till he graduated in 1964. Career
Faced with the decision to choose between working in the Office of the Public Prosecutor or in journalism, Awad chose the latter.He pursued the profession for 8 years, after which he was appointed as the chief news editor. <mask> became one of the most prominent writers in the 1960s, and was named the "Nightingale of the Egyptian Press" by the former editor-in-chief, Ihsan Abdel Quddous. He won this title after proving himself and publishing a great article about Umm Kulthum, after the delay caused by one of the great writers of Akhbar el-Yom newspaper, Anis Mansour, in turning in his daily article. Mansour's repeated delay in his submissions caused
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problems in printing the paper on its due date, and, thus, lead Abdel Quddous to entrusting <mask> with the last page of Akhbar Al-Youm. In fact, because Mansour admired <mask>'s writings, Mansour sent the last page of the newspaper 3 days earlier than it was due. In addition, Abdel Quddous charged <mask> to write a weekly page in the newspaper titled "Personalities," in which he employed his unusual, yet unique, style of writing to narrate stories of intellectual, cultural, political and religious figures in Egypt. Furthermore, he gained a wide recognition for being the only Arab journalist who witnessed the issuance of the United Nations resolution 242 (1967), and the coup attempt by General Mohammad Oufkir against King Hassan II.Throughout his journey as a journalist, Awad was fortunate to strike up friendships with film celebrities and figures of world literature, including Taha Hussein, Tawfiq al-Hakim and Ahmed Hassan El-Bakoory, as well as the world famous artist Anthony Quinn, which raised a lot of questions at the time. He was submerged by the celebrities’ requests to write about them, some of which he met, resulting in the publication of over 15 books. On the other hand, the Egyptian singer, Umm Kulthum, preferred to have Mustafa Amin as her biographer. However, seeing that Amin, too, was impressed by Awad's work, he nominated Awad for the task. Despite Umm Kulthum's initial
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reluctance to accept the offer, she changed her thoughts about Awad after reading the book he wrote about her. In 1977, <mask> was barred from his writing profession at Akhbar el-Yom, despite enriching the content of the newspaper and contributing to the increase of its distribution to over a million copy. There were many conflicting reasons regarding Awad's ban, one reason being his opposing views regarding the peace negotiations with Israel, which provoked the authorities.Another reason could be his professional excellence that lead to jealousy among colleagues. As a traveling writer, Awad covered topics from different parts of the world, including the United Nations, and wrote about the life of Egyptians abroad. He was also well known among celebrities and leading Intellectuals. According to the Egyptian journalist, Khairy Hassan, Musa Sabri, who was jealous of Awad's achievements, justified Awad's work trips as absence from work, adding that Awad is an Literary editor, not a writer, and, hence, is not entitled to take leave from work for such long periods. Awad did not let that stop him from pursuing his passion, and started writing for some of the well-known Arab newspapers, including the London-based Al-Hayat international Arab paper, Alqabas Kuwaiti newspaper and Al Riyadh Saudi newspaper, until he was appointed editor-in-chief for Al Ahrar newspaper of the Liberal Party in 1986. He
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helped increase the distribution of the newspaper by 157,000 in only three months’ time, which was the span of his experience at Al Ahrar. However, as a result of some disagreements between Awad and the Liberal Party, Awad fell ill and self-isolated.Shortly after his recovery, he joined Egypt's Journalists Syndicate council and helped form the building blocks of the syndicate by setting up activities for talented young journalists and rewarding them. Despite his busy life, Awad refused to be part of any political mainstream or party. The most recent proposal was that made by the former Prime Minister of Egypt, Aziz Sedky, to have <mask> join the National Front, to which <mask> responded saying that he would not even wish to rule his own street. Writings
His writings about Umm Kulthum: Before writing about Umm Kulthum, Awad attempted to call the singer a number of times, for the purpose of citing their dialogue in the writing he was composing about Umm Kulthum. Awad was on his way to publishing the article if it wasn't for Abdel Quddous, who prevented him from proceeding. Abdel Quddous's concern revolved around including the telephone conversations without Umm Kulthum's knowing of it. Awad, nevertheless, believed that a celebrity is not entitled to be informed about the content that is written about him or her, seeing that it is part of a writer's freedom, but Abdel Quddous
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disagreed.Consequently, and as <mask> feared, Umm Kulthum raised objections to the opening of their conversation, resulting in <mask> insisting on not making any changes to the original version. With time, Umm Kulthum overlooked the dispute that arose between herself and <mask>. In fact, she indirectly apologized for her adamance by praising <mask>'s work to the founder of Dar Assayad weekly newspaper, Said Fareeha, who agreed to publishing Awad's article. Her appeasements were further proved when she defended <mask> for naming the book he composed about her "The Umm Kulthum that No One Knows of," despite the dissatisfaction expressed by her relatives. His writings about famous musicians: Awad continued to face difficulties in his writing about famous artists and actors, including Mohammed Abdel Wahab, whom he almost as a result of publishing "The Abdel Wahab that No One Knows of" book. Therefore, when other singers, such as Abdel Halim Hafez and Farid al-Atrash, requested to have <mask> as their biographer, he politely refused. <mask> then announced a change in the course of his career from legacy-writing to political-writing, whilst preserving the bonds of friendship and respect with all the well-known figures and respectable icons with which he's acquainted.Death
After struggling with his illness, 70-year-old <mask> died on 28 August 2009. No one knew about his death until two days later,
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when he did not show up for his doctor appointment. Works
Some of <mask>'s books include:
“Thoughts Against Lead” (original title: Afkar Did Al-Rasaas), Dar Al-Maarif Bookshop, Cairo, 1972
"Banned from Circulation" (original title: Mamnue Min Al-Tadawul), Dar El Shorouk, Cairo, 1972. "Banned from Circulation 2: Israeli Thoughts" (original title: Mamnue Min Al-Tadawul 2: Afkar Israeliya), Egyptian Radio and Television Union, Cairo, 1973. "Top Secret" (original title: Siri Jidaa), Modern Egyptian Bureau, Cairo, 1974. "Rebels for the Sake of Allah" (original title: Mutamaridun Li-Wajh Allah), Dar El Shorouk, Cairo, 1986. "Peace Be Upon You" (original title: Wa Alaykumu S-Salam), Dar Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi, Cairo, 1986."The Umm Kulthum that No One Knows of" (original title: Umm Kulthum Alaty La Ya’rafuha Ahad), Akhbar el-Yom newspaper, Cairo, 1987. "The Abdel Wahab that No One Knows of" (original title: Mohammed Abdel Wahab Aladhy La Ya’rafuhu Ahad), Dar Al-Maarif Bookshop, Cairo, 1991. "In the Wounded Arabic Language" (original title: B-il Arabi Al-Jarih), Dar Al-Maarif Bookshop, Cairo, 2006. "Personalities" (original title: Shakhsiyaat), Dar Al-Maarif Bookshop, Cairo, 2009. "From an Heartache" (original title: Min Waja’i Al-Qalb), Dar Al-Maarif Bookshop, Cairo, 2007. "The Seventh Day: The Impossible War ... The War of Attrition” (original title: Al-youm Al-Sabei: Al-Harb Al-Mustahila ... Harb
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Al-Istinzaf), Dar Al-Maarif Bookshop, Cairo, 2010.External links
The passing away of the Egyptian author, <mask> <mask>, as covered by Al Jazeera Channel on 30 August 2009. The passing away of the Egyptian author, <mask> <mask>, as covered by BBC News Arabic on 30 August 2009. ٍReferences
Living people
1942 births
People from Dakahlia Governorate
Egyptian writers
Egyptian
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<mask>) (17 December 1867 in Khachisar (now Chardakhlu), Artsakh – 21 June 1952 in Antelias, Lebanon) was a scholar of Armenian art and Catholicos of Cilicia of the Armenian Apostolic Church from 1943 to 1952. Education and career as clergyman
Born Garegin Hovsepian and originally from Artsakh (then part of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire), he studied at the Gevorgian Seminary of the Catholicosate of All Armenians in Etchmiadzin (1882-1890). During this period, he was ordained a deacon of the Armenian Church and joined the Congregation of the Holy See of Etchmiadzin. In 1892-1897, he studied theology and philosophy at the universities of Leipzig, Halle and Berlin. His doctoral dissertation was published in Leipzig in 1897. After his return from Germany, <mask> was ordained a celibate priest in Etchmiadzin. In 1917 he was ordained bishop, Until the outbreak of the First World War, he held a number of teaching and administrative positions within the jurisdiction of the Holy See, in Etchmiadzin, Yerevan, and Tbilisi; he was, at different times, head of the Echdmiazin library, Dean of the Gevorgian Seminary, and editor of the Catholicosate's journal, Ararat.Following the mass influx of refugees, escaping the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire in 1915-1916, he chaired the Commission of Brotherly Assistance, which looked after the fleeing orphans. <mask> was ordained a bishop in 1917, In May 1918, during the Ottoman invasion of Transcaucasia, he participated in the Battle of Sardarapat; he and fellow priests visited villages close to the battle-front to encourage both the Armenian soldiers and unarmed villagers to resist the invading army. His service was appreciated through subsequent decorations he received from both the Russian Commander of the Caucasian Front
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and the government of the Republic of Armenia (1918-1920). It also accorded him tremendous respect in Armenian nationalist circles, including the influential Dashnak Party. This proved crucial during pivotal moments in his subsequent career. In 1920, during the invasion of Armenia by the Turkish Kemalist troops, <mask> again volunteered to be at the frontline. This time, however, he fell captive when the Kemalists captured Kars on 30 October.He escaped on 19 January 1921, sought refuge in the city's American orphanage, and, on 21 March, he finally reached Armenian territory, where Soviet rule had already been established. <mask> witnessed from close range Soviet attempts to destroy organized religion, including the Armenian Church. As early as 1923, the Soviet secret police reported its unhappiness with his religious activities. In 1924, he toured other Armenian communities in the USSR and raised 120,000 roubles for Etchmiadzin. In 1924, he was appointed to the newly established Supreme Spiritual Council of Etchmiadzin and was later re-elected to serve on that body in both 1932 and 1941. In 1925, he was elevated to the rank of archbishop. He played a key role in collecting relief for the victims of the strong earthquake that hit Armenia's second largest city, Leninakan (now, Gyumri) in 1926.From 1927 to 1933, Karekin was the primate of the Diocese of Crimea and Nor Nakhichevan (a suburb of Rostov-on-Don), which covered Armenian Church parishes and institutions over vast stretches of Russian territory, including Moscow and Leningrad. He could do very little, however, to stop the continued closing of Armenian churches in those areas. In 1934 Catholicos Khoren <mask> of Etchmiadzin appointed Karekin pontifical legate to travel abroad in order to raise funds for the reconstruction
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of the Etchmiadzin Cathedral and other expenses of the Catholicosate, as well solve administrative problems that had arisen in some dioceses of the Armenian Church outside the USSR, particularly in France and the USA. From 1935 Karekin visited nearly a dozen European and Middle Eastern countries, during which he raised some US$35,000. In 1936 Karekin reached the US in what proved to be the final leg of his mission. A serious schism had arisen in the Armenian Church in North America on the issue of cooperation with the Holy See of Etchmiadzin, which the dissidents complained was fully under Communist control in Soviet Armenia. Karekin failed to find a solution to this crisis.The Armenian Church Diocese, which had stayed loyal to Etchmiadzin, eventually elected him as its next primate. His election came despite repeated calls from Etchmiadzin for his return to the Holy See. Indeed, the locum tenens, Archbishop Gevorg Chorekchian, reported to the National Ecclesiastical Assembly (NEA) in Etchmiadzin in 1941 that the results of <mask>'s mission abroad had not covered the financial needs of the Holy See. In 1938-1943 Karekin served as primate of the Eastern Diocese of the Armenian Church in North America. After the USSR and the USA became allies during World War II, he led efforts to collect $120,000 from Armenian-Americans to assist Armenian soldiers in the Red Army and Armenian civilians harmed by the ongoing war in Europe. Separately, he also helped raise another $85,000 for the formation of the David of Sasun Tank Unit for the Red Army. <mask>'s religious career took an unexpected turn in 1943, when the competing pro- and anti-Soviet Armenian political factions agreed on his candidacy as the next Catholicos of the Great House of Cilicia, the second most important see of the
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Armenian Church.Wartime conditions made it impossible for <mask> to leave the US and reach the seat of this catholicosate in Lebanon until March 1945. In the meantime, he stayed in New York, raising $44,000 for the Catholicosate of Cilicia, plus receiving commitments to sponsor students in its seminary. In June 1945, <mask> briefly returned to Soviet Armenia (for the first time since 1935) to participate in the NEA, which elected Chorekchian as the next Catholicos of All Armenians. <mask> was the first Catholicos of Cilicia to participate in the election of the Catholicos of Etchmiadzin, and he personally consecrated the newly elected Gevorg VI. In 1946-1949, Karekin supported the Kremlin-backed campaign of repatriation of around 90,000 diasporan Armenians to Soviet Armenia. In 1946, Gevorg accorded him the unprecedented privilege of carrying a diamond cross on his hood, usually the sole prerogative of the Catholicos of All Armenians. Gevorg also asked Karekin to mediate a solution to an administrative dispute within the Armenian Patriarchate in Istanbul, which is traditionally outside the jurisdiction of the Catholicosate of Cilicia.Cold War pressures sharpened intra-Armenian political disputes in the Middle East in the last years of <mask>'s reign. His relations with the anti-Soviet Dashnak party, which had supported his election, now cooled. After <mask>'s health began to deteriorate from 1950, Soviet leaders in Moscow feared that a pro-Dashnak clergyman might end up being his successor. In 1951, they pushed Gevorg in Etchmiadzin to formally write to Karekin in Lebanon and suggest appointing and ordaining a successor (acceptable to the Soviets) during his own lifetime. Karekin refused this offer, seeing in it a violation of the internal freedoms traditionally enjoyed by the
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catholicosates of both Etchmiadzin and Cilicia. Indeed, <mask>'s death in 1952 was followed by a four-year struggle over his succession, ending in a victory for the Dashnak-supported candidate. Career as a scholar
<mask> is also remembered as a prominent scholar of Armenian Art at the end of the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century.Initially, his scholarly interest focused on collecting and studying Armenian oral literature. He also produced some works on theology. Thereafter, he developed strong interests in the study of medieval Armenian manuscripts (especially their illuminations, colophons and paleography), as well as medieval literature, historiography, archaeology, architecture, epigraphy, and plastic arts. He authored a number of monographs and dozens of scholarly articles, mostly in Armenian, but also a few in Russian. During the tsarist period, he was elected a member of the Caucasian branch of the , and the Russian Imperial Archeological Society at St Petersburg. In the aftermath of the Armenian Genocide, he embarked upon establishing an Armenian ethnographic museum in Transcaucasia in 1917, collecting materials from refugees fleeing the Ottoman Empire. During the brief period of Armenian independence (1918-1920), he was appointed professor of Armenian Art History and Archeology at the newly established Yerevan State University.He also became a founder-member of the Committee for the Preservation of the Monuments of Armenia. Karekin continued his scholarly activities within state-supported academic and research institutions in the earliest years of Soviet rule, but the Communist regime's aggressive anti-religious campaign soon made it impossible for him to publish in Soviet academic journals. From the late 1920s, his studies appeared in various
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publications of the Armenian Diaspora. However, the Soviet Armenian Academy of Sciences posthumously published a two-volume anthology of his works, in 1983-1987. During his reign as Catholicos of Cilicia, Karekin also took tangible steps towards turning the Catholicosate's headquarters in Lebanon into an Armenian cultural center in the diaspora. In 1951, he published Hishatakarank Dzeragrats (in Armenian Յիշատակարանք Ձեռագրաց), a huge 1,255 page book about religious and historical references spanning from the 5th century to 1250 A.D. The information was gathered from ancient Armenian manuscripts that were located, among other places, at the Armenian Patriarchate in Jerusalem.He was assisted in this project by his Staff-Bearer (gavazanakir), seminary student , who traveled to Jerusalem with him and hand-copied and compiled the information from the original documents. Notes
Shortly after the death of <mask> I in 1952, Neshan Sarkissian, an Armenian cleric, was ordained a priest taking the name <mask> in remembrance of the late Catholicos. <mask> Sarkissian later became Catholicos <mask> <mask> of Cilicia and then Catholicos <mask> <mask> of All Armenians. Secondary sources
Arzumanean, Rev. Zawen, Azgapatum [The Story of the Nation], Vol. 4, Books I-II (New York, 1995 and 1997). Avakian, Arra S. (1998).Armenia: A Journey Through History. The Electric Press, Fresno. Eghiayean, Biwzand (1975). Zhamanakakits Patmutiwn Katoghikosutean Hayots Kilikioy 1914-1972 [Contemporary History of the Armenian Catholicossate of Cilicia]. Antelias, pp. 565–628. Oshakan, Hakob (1948).Arewelahay banasirutiwne ew Ejmiatsin: Garegin Katoghikos Hovsepian [Eastern Armenian Philology and Echmiadzin: Catholicos <mask> Hovsepian]. Antelias. Catholicoi of Cilicia
1867 births
1952 deaths
Armenian Oriental
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Jacques-<mask> (; 27 September 1627 – 12 April 1704) was a French bishop and theologian, renowned for his sermons and other addresses. He has been considered by many to be one of the most brilliant orators of all time and a masterly French stylist. Court preacher to Louis XIV of France, Bossuet was a strong advocate of political absolutism and the divine right of kings. He argued that government was divinely ordained and that kings received sovereign power from God. He was also an important courtier and politician. The works best known to English speakers are three great orations delivered at the funerals of Queen Henrietta Maria, widow of Charles I of England (1669), of her daughter Henriette, Duchess of Orléans (1670), and of the outstanding military commander le Grand Condé (1687). His work Discours sur l'histoire universelle (Discourse on Universal History 1681) has been regarded by many Catholics as an actualization or new version of the City of God of St. Augustine of Hippo.Biography
Early years
Bossuet was born at Dijon. He came from a family of prosperous Burgundian lawyers – on both his paternal and maternal side, his ancestors had held legal posts for at least a century. He was the fifth son born to Beneigne <mask>, a judge of the parlement (a provincial high court) at Dijon, and Marguerite Mouchet. His parents decided on a career in the Church for their fifth son, so he was tonsured at age eight. The boy was sent to school at the Collège des Godrans, a classical school run by the Jesuits of Dijon. When his father
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was appointed to the parlement at Metz, Bossuet was left in Dijon under the care of his uncle <mask> d'Aiseray, a renowned scholar. At the Collège des Godrans, he gained a reputation for hard work: fellow students nicknamed him Bos suetus aratro, an "ox accustomed to the plough".His father's influence at Metz allowed him to obtain for the young Bossuet a canonry in the cathedral of Metz when the boy was just 13 years old. In 1642, Bossuet enrolled in the Collège de Navarre in Paris to finish his classical studies and to begin the study of philosophy and theology. His mentor there was the college's president, Nicolas Cornet, the theologian whose denunciation of Antoine Arnauld at the Sorbonne in 1649 was a major episode in the Jansenist controversy. For the time being, however, Cornet and Arnaud were still on good terms. In 1643, Arnaud introduced Bossuet to the Hôtel de Rambouillet, a great centre of aristocratic culture and the original home of the Précieuses. Bossuet was already showing signs of the oratorical brilliance which served him so well throughout his life. On one celebrated occasion at the Hôtel de Rambouillet, during a dispute about extempore preaching, the 16-year-old Bossuet was called on to deliver an impromptu sermon at 11 pm.Vincent Voiture famously quipped: "I never heard anybody preach so early nor so late". Early clerical career
Bossuet became a Master of Arts in 1643. He sustained his first thesis (tentativa) in theology on 25 January 1648, in the presence of the Prince de Condé. Later in 1648, he was
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Thus all revolt, whether civil or religious, is a direct defiance of the Almighty.Oliver Cromwell becomes a moral monster, and the revocation of the Edict of Nantes was the greatest achievement of the second Constantine. The France of his youth had known the misery of divided counsels and civil war; the France of his adulthood, brought together under an absolute sovereign, had suddenly burgeoned into a splendour comparable only with ancient Rome. Why not, then, strain every nerve to hold innovation at bay and prolong that splendour for all time? <mask>'s own Discours sur l'histoire universelle might have furnished an answer, for there the fall of many empires is detailed; but then the Discours was composed with a single purpose in mind. To Bossuet, the establishment of Christianity was the one point of real importance in the whole history of the world. He totally ignores the history of Islam and Asia; on Greece and Rome, he only touched insofar as they formed part of the Praeparatio Evangelica. Yet his Discours is far more than a theological pamphlet.While Pascal might refer the rise and fall of empires to Providence or chance or a little grain of sand in the English lord protectors' veins, Bossuet held fast to his principle that God works through secondary causes. It is His will that every great change should have its roots in the ages that went before it. Bossuet, accordingly, made a heroic attempt to grapple with origins and causes, and in this way, his book deserves its place as one of the first of philosophic histories.
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include ambitious conquest, pillage, and jealousy. As far as wealth is concerned, he then lays out the types of expenditures that a king has and the various sources of wealth for the kingdom. He emphasizes that the true wealth of a kingdom is its men and says that it is important to improve the people's lot and that there would be no more poor. Trivia
The Catholic Encyclopedia (1913) calls Bossuet the greatest pulpit orator of all time, ranking him even ahead of Augustine and Chrysostom.The exterior of Harvard's Sanders Theater includes busts of the eight greatest orators of all time – they include a bust of Bossuet alongside such giants of oratory as Demosthenes, Cicero, and Chrysostom. A character in Les Misérables, being from Meaux and an orator, is nicknamed Bossuet by his friends. Bossuet was one of several co-editors on the "Ad usum Delphini" book series (commonly known as the Delphin Classics) of the Latin classics. Bossuet was the uncle of <mask>. See also
List of works by Eugène Guillaume
Jacques Benige Bossuet ; a study, E.K. Sanders, London, 1921. Bossuet and His Contemporaries, Lear, H. L. Sidney, London, 1874.Notes
References
Attribution:
External links
Discours sur l'Histoire universelle ( French text – 1681 PDF)
Livre audio mp3 gratuit: Oraison funèbre de Henriette-Anne d’Angleterre, duchesse d’Orléans. Oraison funèbre de Henriette-Marie de France, reine de la Grand’Bretagne. 1627 births
1704 deaths
17th-century French Roman Catholic bishops
17th-century Christian mystics
18th-century French
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Dr. D. P<mask> (nee Dr. <mask>), born 1956, is an Indo-Canadian scientist, educationist, author science fiction writer, Sikh theologian, and TV host. As a widely travelled person, mostly for his academic research, and promotion of science in developing countries, he has published about 100 research papers in Acoustics, Polymer Physics, Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science. Besides, he has published over 1000 general articles on the topics related to Science, Environment and Religion. Due to his outstanding contributions for the cultivation of scientific temper and environmental awareness among people, the Peace on Earth Organization, Canada, in 2010, honored him with the "Life Time Achievement Award". Though he writes in English and Punjabi, his works have also been translated into Hindi, Shahmukhi, and Marathi languages. Early life
Born in 1956, at Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India, <mask>der received M.Sc. (Physics) degree from Panjab University, Chandigarh, in 1978.Started his professional career at SGGS Khalsa College, Chandigarh, India. In 1986, received Ph.D. degree from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. Served several Higher Education institutions, as part of the Punjab Education Services, Govt. of Punjab, during 1980-2008. After joining Shivalik College, Nangal in 1980, he excelled in popular science communication in Punjabi and English languages, but later on focussed on Science fiction, environmental and theological writings. Career
After a 30 years long educational career, as Associate Professor in Physics, at Punjab Education Services, Govt. of Punjab, India, Dr. <mask> moved to
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Canada in 2008.Herein, he founded an educational Center, dedicated to helping University/College/Senior Secondary students to achieve their academic dreams in the fields of Physical Sciences, and Humanities. Since 2013, he has served as Director, and Educational Consultant to several academic institutions in GTA, Canada. During 2014-2020, he has worked as Associate Dean at International University of California, USA and is currently working as Honorary Director, Center for Understanding Sikhism, Mississauga, ON, Canada. Works
Physics Research
With about 100 research papers in Physics and allied fields to his credit Dr. <mask> has guided one dozen research students and supervised two M. Phil. theses. Besides, he established Acoustics Research Center, Mississauga, Canada to actively pursue his research interests in Acoustics. Having participated in about 50 conferences/ seminars within Canada and abroad, he is a member of several international research societies.In addition, he is the referee panel member of several reputed research journals of Canada, USA, Nigeria, and India. Scientific Literature
Besides publishing 20 books and about 1000 general articles on various aspects of science and technology, he has also translated 4 books from English to Punjabi. Science Fiction Writings
In the genre of science fiction, Dr. <mask> has authored/published two books for general readers, four books for children and about 45 stories, to date, in various newspapers and magazines of Canada, USA, India, and Pakistan in Punjabi, Hindi, and English. Sikh Theology
As Director, Center for Understanding
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Sikhism, Mississauga, Canada, he played a vital role in the promotion of teaching and research in Sikh Theology in India and Canada. With three books, two booklets, and about 200 articles on Sikh theology to his credit, he has delivered about one dozen invited talks on ‘Sikh Religion and Philosophy,’ at various educational institutions within India and Canada. Five of his articles have been included in different books edited by eminent Sikh scholars. He has reviewed thirteen books authored by eminent Sikh writers.Media
Over 70 of his talks on Sikhism, science, and social topics have been telecast by Jhanjer TV, Sanjha Punjab TV, Channel Punjabi Toronto Dateline TV, Vision TV, and Hello Canada TV, Canada. He has also participated in the science programs of DD Punjabi, Doordarshan Jalandhar, Vision Punjab TV, Kharar, Punjab and Global Punjab TV, Chandigarh, India. Many of these talks are also available on Youtube. About 50 of his radio programs on science and religion have been broadcast by Ajj Di Awaz Radio, Desh Punjab Radio, Parvasi Radio, Punjabi Dunia, AVR Media Productions, Canada and All India Radio, Jalandhar, India. Awards
2011 "Excellent writing Award" by Ajj Di Awaz Radio & Daily Punjabi, Canada
2010 "Life Time Achievement Award" by Peace on Earth Organization, Canada
2006 "Lala Hardyal Memorial Award" for best Science Communication in mass media by Paryas Kala Manch, Nangal, India
2003 "ISWA SAMMAN" for longstanding contribution to the popularisation of science, by Indian Sc. Writers’Association, N.Delhi, India
2001 "Principal Trilochan <mask> (Children Literature and Gian
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Vigyan) Award", by Punjabi Sath, Lambrhan, Jalandhar, India
2000 "Dr. M. S. Randhawa" (Gian Sahit) Award for the book Vigyan Prapatian ate Masle, by LDP, Govt. of Punjab, India
1997 "Sarvotam Bal Sahit Pustak <mask>kar" for his book Robot, Manukh te Kudrat, by LDP, Govt.of Punjab, India
1994 "Hanibal Sahit Rattan <mask>" for his book C. V. Raman-Life and Times, by Sahit Rang Gathan (Sarang Lok), Chandigarh, India
1991 "Sarvotam Bal Sahit <mask> <mask>" for the book Satrang, by LDP, Govt. of Punjab, India
Video Links
World Earth Day: Impacts of COVID 19 on the Environment of Earth
Universal Relevance of Guru Nanak's Teachings
Qudrat in Guru Nanak's Bani
Environmental Teaching in Sikhism
Aamne-Samne: Exclusive Interview
External links
Life and Teachings of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, 1st May 2021, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Pb., India
International Seminar on Guru Nanak's Philosophy and U. N. Agenda for Sustainable Development, 23rd Nov. 2020, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Pb., India
4th Canadian Punjabi Conference, 5-6th July 2019, Punjabi Heritage Foundation Of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
36th World Religions Conference: End-of-Life Decisions, 20th Nov. 2016, University of Waterloo, Canada
What is a Worthwhile Life? Seminar on Jivan Jach, 1st Dec. 2013, Sheridan College, Brampton, Canada
Interview of Dr. Solomon Naz (Print Media), Christian Review: News Magazine, 2020
Interview of Dr. Solomon Naz (e-Media), Christian Review: News Magazine, 2015
References
Living people
Indian science fiction writers
Guru Nanak Dev University alumni
Year of birth missing
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<mask> (born January 19, 1954) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She is known for playing Peggy Bundy on Married... with Children (1987–1997), Leela on Futurama (1999–2003, 2008–2013, 2023–present), Cate Hennessy on 8 Simple Rules (2002–2005), Gemma Teller Morrow on the FX series Sons of Anarchy (2008–2014), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama in 2011, Dr. Jones on Shameless (2018–2019), and Louise Goldufski-Conner on The Conners (2018–present). Early life
Sagal was born on January 19, 1954, in Los Angeles, California, to a show business family with five children. Her mother, Sara Zwilling, was a singer (stage name Sara Macon), producer, and television writer who died of heart disease in 1975, and Sagal's father, <mask>, worked as a television director. Her father was a Ukrainian-Jewish immigrant. Her mother had Amish ancestors. In 1977, Sagal's father married dancer/actress Marge Champion, a few years before his accidental death on the set of the miniseries World War III in 1981.Three of Sagal's four siblings are actors: her younger twin sisters, Jean and <mask> and brother Joey Sagal; her other brother <mask> is an attorney married to actress McNally <mask>. Sagal and her siblings grew up in Brentwood, Los Angeles. Her godfather is sitcom producer and writer Norman Lear. In 2016, both <mask> and Norman acknowledged that she was not only his goddaughter, but that he also introduced her parents to each other. Sagal has described herself as "culturally Jewish" but with no "formal religious experience." Sagal graduated from Palisades High School. After graduation, she attended the California Institute of the Arts.Musical career
Sagal started her career in show business as a singer and songwriter. In 1973, she worked as a backing vocalist for various singers, including Bob Dylan, Etta James, and Tanya Tucker. In 1976, while a member of The Group with No Name, she
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contributed to the album Moon over Brooklyn (on which she was credited as "<mask>"). She was a member of Bette Midler's backup group The Harlettes in 1978, and again from 1982 to 1983. During the filming of 1983's Valley Girl, Sagal was scheduled to sing at The Central. Her name can be seen in the schedule of upcoming acts, posted inside the door. She performed backing vocals on the self-titled Gene Simmons solo album, the Molly Hatchet album Take No Prisoners, and on Olivia Newton-John's 1985 single "Soul Kiss."She performed the song "It's the Time for Love" that appears in the movie Silent Rage featuring Chuck Norris. Sagal also provided the vocals for "Loose Cannons," the theme song for the 1990 movie of the same name featuring Gene Hackman and Dan Aykroyd. On April 19, 1994, Sagal released her first solo album, Well.... On June 1, 2004, she released her second album, Room. She has also contributed to the Sons of Anarchy soundtrack. Acting career
One role was as a receptionist in the detective Columbo installment "Candidate for Crime," which was directed by her father. Sagal's first major role was as a newspaper columnist in the series Mary (1985–86) starring Mary Tyler Moore. This led to her being cast as Peggy Bundy on the sitcom Married... with Children (1987–1997); she portrayed the lower-class, sex-starved, lazy and free-spending wife of shoe salesman Al Bundy.The series ran for 11 years. It had been reported that Sagal brought her own red bouffant wig to audition for the role, and with the producers' approval, the look transitioned into the show. However, Sagal later explained that she had initially styled her own hair, then once the show took off, the producers began to invest in a wig. After the end of Married... with Children, several more television films followed; Sagal also guest starred on the children's cartoon Recess as the voice of Spinelli's mother. In 1998, Matt Groening chose her to provide the
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character voice of the purple-haired mutant spaceship captain, Leela, in his science-fiction animated comedy Futurama. The show developed a cult following, but was cancelled after four seasons. However, syndication on Adult Swim and Comedy Central increased the show's popularity and led Comedy Central to commission a season of Futurama direct-to-DVD films, which the network later retransmitted as a 16-episode fifth season.She reprised her role as Leela in these films, and in the sixth season that began airing June 24, 2010. The series ended in 2013. <mask> guest-starred as Edna Hyde, Steven Hyde's mother, in three episodes of That '70s Show. She starred in the short-lived NBC sitcom Tucker in 2000. Sagal was cast as the wife of John Ritter in the sitcom 8 Simple Rules for Dating My Teenage Daughter in 2002. Ritter had completed only three episodes of the second season before his death, and the show was cancelled in 2005 after its third season. In 2005 and 2006, Sagal made two appearances on Lost as Helen Norwood.In 2007, she had a role in the season finale of The Winner as Glen Abbot's former teacher, with whom Glen has his first sexual experience. From 2008 to 2014, Sagal starred as Gemma Teller Morrow on the TV show Sons of Anarchy, whose creator, Kurt Sutter, she had married in 2004, four years before the series premiered. In January 2009, Sagal reunited with David Faustino (who had played her son Bud Bundy in Married... with Children) for an episode of Faustino's show Star-ving. In 2010, she appeared twice more on Lost. In 2009, she starred in the film House Broken with Danny DeVito. In 2010, she returned to the stage in Randy Newman's musical Harps & Angels. In 2013, Sagal had a cameo on Glee as Nancy Abrams, Artie Abrams' mother.She co-starred in Pitch Perfect 2, released in 2015, as the mother of Hailee Steinfeld's character. She next appeared in the biography drama film Bleed for This, as the mother of Vinny
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a "dream sequence," which was mentioned only briefly at the end of the episode "Al Bundy, Shoe Dick." <mask> and White eventually had two children—a daughter, Sarah Grace, in 1994, and a son, Jackson James, in 1996. The writers of Married... with Children deliberately did not write Sagal's two later pregnancies into the show due to the earlier stillbirth, opting instead to write off her absences in a subplot in which Peg is traveling the world to reunite her parents. In scenes where Peg was shown, Sagal had her midsection obscured, such as in a taxi or at a craps table in Las Vegas and was often seen or heard talking to family members over the phone.One after effect of Sagal's having lost her stillborn daughter was the inspiration to write the lyrics for "(You) Can't Hurry the Harvest." She recorded this song on her debut album, Well..., which was released in April 1994. She was the subject of an episode of the television genealogy series Who Do You Think You Are? in 2016. On October 14, 2021, Sagal was hit by a car while crossing a street in Los Angeles. She was transported by ambulance to a local hospital where she was released the next day. Filmography
Film
Television
Discography
Albums
Awards and nominations
References
External links
<mask> Sagal cast bio on The WB
1954 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Los Angeles
American women pop singers
American women singer-songwriters
Jewish American actresses
Jewish singers
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
American television actresses
American voice actresses
Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
Participants in American reality television series
Virgin Records artists
California Institute of the Arts alumni
Activists from California
People from Brentwood, Los Angeles
Harlettes members
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
21st-century
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<mask> (20 May 1815 – 10 October 1893) was a Swiss painter and draughtsman who introduced the principles of plein-air painting and the paysage intime into Swiss art. Early life
Menn was the youngest of four sons, born in Geneva to <mask>, a confectioner from Scuol in the canton of Grisons, and Charlotte-Madeleine-Marguerite Bodmer, the daughter of a wealthy farmer from Coinsins in the Canton de Vaud. Already at the age of twelve, Menn took drawing lessons from the little-known Jean Duboi (1789–1849), and later, he entered the drawing school of the . The repeated claim that he was also a pupil of the famous enameller Abraham Constantin appears to be erroneous.In 1831, Menn was second in the annual drawing competition of the Geneva Art Society. The following year, he entered the studio of the Swiss history painter Jean-Léonard Lugardon, who was a pupil of Baron Gros and became acquainted with Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. There, Menn was educated in figure drawing and composition before heading for Paris, where, in fall 1833, he entered the studio of Ingres. He was, therefore, no beginner when meeting the master, but needed some polishing and refinement in his art.In a letter to his friend Jules Hébert, Menn reported on the new situation: "Everybody, even the eldest in the studio tremble before Mr. Ingres. One fears him a lot in such a way that his corrections have a great impact. He is of an extreme sensibility." while the education in Ingres’ studio has been described by , as follows: "The students spend half of their
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contemporary French landscape painting, in particular from his friend Corot whom Menn called the ‘master of the right values’. It was these new values combined with his quest for natural beauty that Menn would promote as a teacher to generations of Swiss artists. <mask> <mask> is buried at the Cimetière des Rois in Geneva. Notes
References
Guinand, Léon, Notice abrégée des principes de Barthélemy Menn sur l'art et l'enseignement humaniste.Genf: Jarrys, 1893;
Daniel Baud-Bovy, Notice sur Barthélemy Menn. Peintre et éducateur, Geneva: La Montagne, 1898. Anna Lanicca, Barthélemy Menn. Eine Studie, Strassburg: J. H. Ed. Heitz, 1911
Daniel Baud-Bovy, ‘Lettres de Rome de Barthélemy Menn à Jules Hébert’, in: Jahrbuch für Kunst Kunstpflege in der Schweiz 1921–1924, Vol. III, Basel: Birkhäuser, 1925, pp. 326 –359.Daniel Baud-Bovy, ‘Lettres de Rome de <mask> Menn à Jules Hébert’, in: Jahrbuch für Kunst Kunstpflege in der Schweiz 1925–1927, Vol. IV, Basel: Birkhäuser, 1927, pp. 201 –225. Daniel Baud-Bovy, <mask> Menn. Dessinateur, Geneva: Les Éditions du Rhône, 1943. Jura Brüschweiler, Barthélemy Menn 1815–1893: Étude critique et biographique, Zurich: Fretz & Wasmuth, 1960
Georges Vigne, Les élèves d'Ingres, Ausstellungskatalog Montauban, Besançon 2000, Montauban, Musée Ingres 2000, pp. 20–21.Marc Fehlmann, 'Menn Copiste I. Barthélemy Menn et l'Antiquité', in: Genava. Revue d'histoire de l'art et d'archéologie, Vol. 56, 2008, pp. 25–41. Marc Fehlmann, 'Menn Copiste II. Barthélemy Menn et ses contemporains', in: Genava. Revue
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<mask> (born <mask>; 1 November 1972) is an Australian actress, producer, singer, and songwriter. Known for her work in television and independent films, she has received various accolades throughout her career, including a Golden Globe Award and a Primetime Emmy Award, in addition to nominations for an Academy Award, a Tony Award, and two British Academy Film Awards. After making her film debut in Spotswood (1992) and being nominated for the AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, her breakthrough role came in the comedy-drama Muriel's Wedding (1994), which earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination and won her the AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. <mask> achieved greater international recognition for her role in the psychological thriller film The Sixth Sense (1999), and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She received BAFTA Award nominations for her performances in the romantic comedy About a Boy (2002) and the comedy-drama Little Miss Sunshine (2006). <mask>'s films include diverse genres, such as the period comedy Emma (1996), the action thriller Shaft (2000), the period drama The Hours (2002), the romantic drama Japanese Story (2003), the comedies In Her Shoes (2005) and The Way, Way Back (2013), the horror films Krampus (2015) and Hereditary (2018), and the mystery film Knives Out (2019). Her Broadway performances include the lead role in The Wild Party (2000), which earned her a Tony Award nomination.In television, she starred in the Showtime comedy-drama series United States of Tara (2008–2011) and the Netflix drama miniseries Unbelievable (2019). For the former, she won a
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Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. She has won five AACTA Awards, from eight nominations. <mask> married Dave Galafassi, drummer of the band Gelbison, in January 2003. The couple have two children together. As the lead singer of <mask> & the Finish, she wrote all 11 tracks of their sole album, Beautiful Awkward Pictures (2006). The band toured Australia, but have not performed nor released any new material after 2007.In 2017, <mask> and Jen Turner co-founded the film production company Vocab Films. Early life
<mask> was born on 1 November 1972, the eldest of three children; she has two younger brothers. She was raised in the Sydney suburb of Glebe until the age of six, then in Blacktown. Her father Bob Collett was a truck driver, while her mother Judy (née Cook) was a customer-service representative. <mask> later learned on an episode of Who Do You Think You Are? that Bob was possibly born as a result of his mother Norma (née McWhinney) having an extramarital affair with a US Navy chief petty officer stationed in Australia during and after World War II. Norma and her husband (Harold "Stanley" Collett) were going through a divorce, and Bob's DNA test determined that Stanley was not his biological father.Despite an appeal made to the public in August 2015, her biological grandfather's name is not known. <mask> has described her family as "[not] the most communicative" but has said that despite her parents' lack of money, they were supportive and made their children feel cared for. She has fond memories of growing up in Blacktown, where she and her mother watched Saturday afternoon movie matinees presented by Bill Collins. She
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described her younger self as having "crazy" amounts of confidence. When she was 11, <mask> believed she had appendicitis and convinced her doctors: she was taken to an emergency department and had the appendix removed. As a student at Blacktown Girls High School, her favourite activities included netball, tap dancing and swimming. She took part in local singing competitions.Her ambition was to perform in musicals, as she loved to sing and dance. <mask>'s first acting role was a high school performance of Godspell at the age of 14; she auditioned by singing Whitney Houston's "Saving All My Love for You". She decided to become an actor the following year, and was influenced by Geoffrey Rush's stage performance in The Diary of a Madman (July–August 1989). In 1989, with her parents' approval, she transferred to the Australian Theatre for Young People, later explaining, "I was 16. And it's not like I wasn't good at school, or I didn't enjoy it, I did. I just loved acting more. I don't regret that decision, but I can't believe I made it."The actor returned the extra "e" at the end of her surname which Stanley Collett had removed as it sounded better for a stage name. She started at National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in early 1991, but left after 18 months to appear as Sonya in Uncle Vanya (August–September 1992), directed by Neil Armfield, alongside Rush in the title role. Career
1990–1999: Early work and breakthrough
<mask> made her television debut in 1988 on a comedy, variety show Blah Blah Blah as a singer. Her first acting role was in 1990, a guest appearance as Tracy, on the Seven Network drama series A Country Practice Season 10,
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Episode 31, "The Sting: Part 1". Her first professional theatre role was as Debbie in Operation Holy Mountain in May of that year at Q Theatre, Penrith. Frank Barnes of Journal of the N.S.W Public School Teachers Federation noticed, "<mask> [is] simply amazing in her professional debut as the girl with cerebral palsy." She joined the Sydney Theatre Company and, from December 1990 to February 1991, appeared in A Little Night Music at the Drama Theatre, Sydney Opera House.She performed Cordelia in King Lear (March 1994) and was also in stage productions at the Belvoir Street Theatre, directed by Rush. In 1992, she made her feature film debut in the ensemble comedy-drama Spotswood (known in the US as The Efficiency Expert), which starred Anthony Hopkins and included a then-newcomer Russell Crowe. She played Wendy, a factory worker who harbours a secret attraction towards fellow worker Carey (Ben Mendelsohn). Filmnews Peter Galvin observed, "it's here that the film finds real warmth, vigour, and pain, all contained in [her] expressive face; she's terrific and so is Mendelsohn simply because we believe them." Andrew Urban of Urban Cinephile felt that, "[she] has a lovely role and does it with minimalist excellence." For the performance, she earned her first AACTA Award nomination, for Best Supporting Actress. Between auditions for roles, she worked part-time delivering pizzas and selling jeans.In 1992, her agent alerted her to a proposed film project with a good role; a year later Muriel's Wedding (1994) was financed and started casting in June 1993. Although the actor auditioned on the first day, she did not win the role until three months
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later. In preparation for portraying Muriel, the actor gained in 7 weeks. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing US$15.2 million on a budget of US$9 million. James Berardinelli of Reelviews called her "vibrant and energetic," while Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle opined that <mask> played the lead role with "disarming earnestness." She received her first Golden Globe Award nomination, for Best Actress and won the AACTA Award for Best Actress. In 1996, she had parts in three critically acclaimed films.In the comedy-drama Così, which reunited her with Muriel's Wedding castmate Rachel Griffiths, she played an actor recovering from drug addiction. David Stratton of Variety magazine said <mask> "[gave] a terrific performance." In the drama Lilian's Story she played an eccentric woman sent to a mental asylum in her youth. Stratton found her to be "poignant" and took note of her range and depth. She won her second AACTA Award, this time for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. In the period comedy Emma, an adaptation of Jane Austen's novel of the same name, she played Harriet Smith, a close friend of the titular character. Originally dismissive of Austen's works, she found Emma to be "warm and witty and clever."Jane Ganahl of San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "[Harriet was] played with heartbreaking empathy... desperately trying to meet Mr. Right – so awkwardly you fear she'll slip on a banana peel." She starred alongside Lisa Kudrow, Parker Posey and Alanna Ubach in Clockwatchers (1997) which depicted the lives of four friends working in an office. Dustin Putman of TheFilmFile called it a "jewel of a film" and praised the
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performances of the cast, particularly <mask> whom he referred to as "outstanding." For her supporting role as Michelle in The Boys (1998) she won her third AACTA Award. Although Velvet Goldmine (1998), returned less than half its production budget at the box office, Metacritic reports a 65% score based on 25 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews." It grew in stature after its release to become a cult film.<mask> credited it with revitalising her passion for acting as it had freed her from distress she had been facing. Her next film, 8½ Women (1999) was not as well received: Metacritic gave it a "generally unfavorable" score of 36%. 1999–2004: The Sixth Sense and Broadway
When <mask> received M. Night Shyamalan's script for The Sixth Sense (1999), she feared it would be a "formulaic Hollywood action drama." However, she was moved by the story and agreed to audition, winning the role over other actors, including Marisa Tomei. She portrayed Lynn Sear, a mother struggling to raise her son Cole (Haley Joel Osment) who communicates with ghosts. Gary Thompson of The Philadelphia Inquirer observed, "the scene in the car when [Cole] divulges his secret is so riveting... and it's so well-acted by Osment and <mask>." He added, "she'd become the greatest screen weeper of her generation."The Sixth Sense grossed US$670 million on a budget of US$40 million and became the second-highest-grossing film of 1999. It gathered six Academy Award nominations including <mask>'s for Best Supporting Actress. She reflected, "There was some definite feeling we all had that it was going to somehow be special. [... It] did really well and has been loved by a
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lot of people." In 2000 she made her Broadway debut with a leading role in The Wild Party, playing Queenie, a masochistic showgirl who hosts a lavish party with her husband. Originally written for Vanessa Williams, it went to <mask> after the former was unavailable.Charles Isherwood felt under-whelmed by the musical and the actor's performance, "[<mask>'s] Queenie is flat and one-dimensional; she doesn't convey the warmth that invites emotional investment." Ben Brantley of The New York Times differed, "Ms. <mask>... gives the evening's most fully realized performance," but criticised the lack of chemistry with Yancey Arias. She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical. <mask> turned down the title role in Bridget Jones's Diary due to her Broadway commitments. She followed with a supporting role in the action thriller Shaft (2000). The film received "mixed or average reviews," and grossed US$107.2 million on a budget of US$46 million. Kam Williams of African American Literature Book Club noticed, "<mask> lends the film some convincing and welcome dramatic weight as the frightened, conflicted Diane."However, John Patterson of The Guardian rated it as a "career low" for her. In 2001 she appeared in the HBO TV movie Dinner with Friends and played Beth, a middle-aged woman who struggles with her husband leaving her for another woman. Steven Oxman of Variety said that she was "well suited" to her role, while Bruce Fetts of Entertainment Weekly praised her "flawless" American accent. The show earned a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie. In 2002 she had a supporting role in The
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Hours, based on the novel of the same name, playing Kitty, a woman who plans to undergo surgery for her infertility. John Patterson felt she gave an "utterly convincing small-scale emotional meltdown born of suburban sadness and sexual self-repression." The film received positive reviews and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.In About a Boy (2002) she portrayed a woman with depression who attempts to commit suicide. Daniel Saney of Digital Spy said that she was "as impressive as ever" while Sheila Johnston of Screen Daily praised her "powerful presence." She was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and won the Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress for both 2002 performances. <mask> played the lead role in Japanese Story (2003) as Sandy an Australian geologist who develops an intense relationship with a Japanese businessman. It was screened at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival. The performance led to reviewers welcoming her return to lead roles: the first since Muriel's Wedding. John Patterson wrote that she gave a "shattering performance, masterfully controlled and detailed, and all the proof her fans ever needed of her special brilliance."Richard Porton of the Chicago Reader remarked, "[her] pitch-perfect performance and the stunning evocation of the forbidding and beautiful outback make this film unexpectedly rewarding." Critics praised her emotional range, with some regarding the performance to be the best of her career. She won her fourth AACTA Award statuette for her portrayal of Sandy Edwards in Japanese Story. Her two releases of 2004, The Last Shot and Connie and
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Carla, were rated as having "mixed or average reviews" by Metacritic. 2005–2011: Supporting roles and United States of <mask>'s only film in 2005, In Her Shoes, was a comedy-drama about the relationship between two sisters (Rose and Maggie Feller) and their estranged grandmother, co-starring Cameron Diaz and Shirley MacLaine. Based on the 2002 novel of the same name by Jennifer Weiner, the film received "mixed or average" reviews from critics, and was a moderate independent success, earning US$82.2 million worldwide. She was subsequently nominated for a Satellite Award for Best Actress for her performance of Rose, a successful-but-lonely lawyer with low self-esteem, which Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle noticed, "As usual, [her] face is a fine-tuned transmitter of her emotions, moment by moment, and she becomes the locus of audience feeling."In 2006 the artist starred in Little Miss Sunshine, a comedy-drama road movie about a family's trip to a children's beauty pageant. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January of that year, and its distribution rights were bought by Fox Searchlight Pictures for one of the biggest deals in the history of the festival. Sharon Waxman of The New York Times called her "funny and believable", while Stella Papamichael of BBC felt that she was "underused." The film received critical acclaim, resulting in her second BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations. It grossed US$100.5 million worldwide and became one of the most successful independent films of the mid-2000s. Also in that year the actor took supporting roles in the thrillers The Night Listener and The Dead Girl. The latter was released to
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"generally favorable" reviews, while The Night Listener was higher earning with a revenue of US$10.5 million.In her first television engagement in five years, the HBO-BBC joint miniseries Tsunami: The Aftermath (2006), she played an Australian government employee who tries to cope with the events following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the resulting tsunami in Thailand. The film received mixed reviews from critics. Robert Bianco of USA Today said that it was, "inexcusably tasteless, tone deaf... and dull", and Brian Lowry of Variety remarked that the film, "[grasps] for higher ground that it never reaches." Despite this, praise was given to the performances of the cast. For her role, <mask> earned her first Primetime Emmy nomination and third Golden Globe nomination. At a ceremony in August 2006, <mask> inducted Helen Reddy into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame and described her song, "I Am Woman" (1971) as "timeless." After working as a juror at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, she starred in two releases of 2007, Towelhead and Evening.They received "mixed or average reviews." Kelly Vance of East Bay Express, called Towelhead "one of the most intelligent films of the year" and praised the artist's performance. In her review of Evening, Putman called it "flawed in more ways than one" but lauded her for "[enlivening] her scenes with pathos." In 2008 she played a small role in Hey, Hey, It's Esther Blueburger, and also served as an executive producer. Her scenes were shot in a week. The film received tepid reviews and failed to recoup its $6 million budget. Bernadete McNulty, writing for The Daily
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Telegraph, wrote, "[her] presence may have got this Australian debut from writer/director Cathy Randall off the ground [but] her slight role is insufficient to make it fly the distance."Her other 2008 film, The Black Balloon, was better received, for which she was also co-executive producer. Frank Hatherley of Screen Daily praised the film and her acting, "[she] gives another of her warm, full-blooded portraits" and Roger Ebert venerated her performance as being the heart of the film. She won her fifth AACTA Award for the role of Maggie Mollison in The Black Balloon. In 2008, <mask> accepted the leading role in the Showtime TV comedy-drama series, United States of Tara. Created by Steven Spielberg and Diablo Cody, it revolves around Tara Gregson, a wife and mother of two, who has dissociative identity disorder, and is coping with alternate personalities. She was given the leading role by Spielberg without auditioning. In the role, she portrayed multiple characters and found that it required more preparation than she normally did.However, after she understood the characters better, she found it easier to play them. The show was originally planned for a twelve-episode season, but was renewed for a second and third season after it gave the network its highest ratings since 2004. The series and her performance received "generally favorable reviews." Tim Goodman of the San Francisco Chronicle called her a "tour de force", and Ariana Bacle of Entertainment Weekly praised the actor's "flawless" transition between personalities that felt so "insanely distinct" that they could have each been a different actor. <mask> won both the Primetime Emmy Award
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for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a TV Comedy in 2009 and was nominated for both again in the following year. Also in 2009 she lent her voice to the critically acclaimed stop-motion dramedy Mary and Max. <mask> was originally set to star in 2009's Away We Go, but dropped out due to scheduling conflicts.She then starred as a single mother of a precocious child in Jesus Henry Christ (2011). The film received "mixed or average reviews"; James Plath of Movie Metropolis called her "terrific" but John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter felt that she was severely underutilised. She later had a supporting role in the horror-comedy Fright Night (2011). The film reunited her with filmmaker Craig Gillespie who had directed her in several episodes of United States of Tara. Debbie Lynn Elias of Behind the Lens called her "pitchfork perfect" while Emmet Asher-Perrin of Tor.com said that she was "charming as always." The film received "generally favorable reviews," and was a commercial success grossing US$40.5 million on a US$30 million budget. 2012–2017: Independent films and Broadway return
<mask>'s first release of 2012 was the independent comedy-drama Mental.She played Shaz, a hitchhiker who is hired as a nanny to take care of five mentally ill sisters. Despite giving the film a negative review, Gary Goldstein of the Los Angeles Times said that the actor "rips into her woolly role as if channeling a leftover personality from her United States of Tara days." Luke Buckmaster of Crikey called her "charismatic and all-inhabiting." She received her third AACTA Award for Best Actress nomination for the
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role. Later in the year, she played Peggy, a supporting role in the biographical drama, Hitchcock. Deborah Ross, writing for The Spectator, provided an unenthusiastic review and wrote, "[Hitchcock] wastes many of its cast members - particularly <mask>." In 2013 <mask> earned critical acclaim for her work in the independent film The Way, Way Back, opposite Steve Carell and Sam Rockwell, and in Enough Said, with Julia Louis-Dreyfus and James Gandolfini.For The Way, Way Back, she received positive reviews: Andrew O'Hehir of Salon magazine praised her "brilliant, understated performance;" Peter Travers of Rolling Stone noticed her star quality; Berardinelli described her adaptability and said that she gives a performance far and above what the role required. Her performance in Enough Said was also well received; Katie Smith-Wong of FlickFeast praised her for bringing humour to the film but Joseph Walsh of CinVue said that she was underused. Later that year, <mask> starred in the CBS TV drama, Hostages, which received reviews that were generally favourable, but weak ratings. RedEyes Curt Wagner was fascinated by her performance, while Verne Gay of Newsday felt she was "superb," and USA Todays Bianco as "nuanced" and "grounded." The series aired for fifteen episodes and, due to a combination of low ratings and a closed narrative, did not return for a second season. In the comedy-drama Lucky Them (2013), which debuted at the Toronto International Film Festival, <mask> portrayed Ellie Klug, a music critic assigned to write about a disappeared musician and childhood sweetheart, and tasked herself to track him down. She took on the role because she
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felt the script had a realistic and in-depth approach to topics like self-sufficiency and self-realization.She later said that, out of all the roles she had played, Ellie resembled her the most. The film earned "generally favorable reviews", with praise for her performance. David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that it was "centered by smart, soulful work by the wonderful <mask>" and that she played her character "with warmth, realness and emotional transparency that make you stay with her even when she's pushing people away." The film also screened at the Tribeca Film Festival, where Joe Bendel of Libertas Film Magazine ranked her performance as the fourth-best of the festival. Upon release, Mike D'Angelo of The Dissolve wrote that she "is capable of anything." After a 14-year absence, <mask> returned to Broadway in 2014, starring as Jennifer Jones in Will Eno's play The Realistic Joneses alongside co-stars Marisa Tomei, Michael C. Hall, and Tracy Letts. The play examines a couple who project their insecurities and fears onto their next-door neighbors with the same last name.The play opened to positive reviews, with the actor and the entire cast earning high praise. Charles Isherwood from The New York Times wrote that "Ms. <mask> exudes a touching, exasperated dignity as Jennifer." Varietys Marilyn Stasio called her work "terribly funny," while Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter claimed, "<mask>, whose naturalness can cut through even the very deliberate theatrical artifice of Eno's dialogue and scene construction, anchors the play with her somber restraint and deadpan delivery." The New York Posts Elisabeth Vincentelli, who was more
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critical of the play, highlighted her performance: "[she] does some heavy lifting to fill in Eno's blanks. You can read deep sadness in the wide planes of her expressive face, in her lost, unfocused eyes." The artist and her co-stars won a Drama Desk Special Award for Best Ensemble Performance. In 2014, <mask> appeared in three comedy films, Tammy, A Long Way Down and Hector and the Search for Happiness.All three are rated as having "generally unfavorable reviews" by Metacritic. Also in that year she provided the voice to Lady Portley-Rind in the animation The Boxtrolls. She starred as Milly, opposite Drew Barrymore as Jess, in the comedy-drama Miss You Already (2015), about two women whose friendship is tested when Jess starts a family while Milly falls ill. It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival, and Metacritic rated it at 59% indicating "mixed or average reviews." Billy Goodykoontz of The Arizona Republic asserted that "[her] work is so compulsively watchable that Miss You Already is worth a watch for that reason alone." <mask> then played the matriarch of a dysfunctional family in the horror film Krampus (also 2015), which was a commercial success, grossing $61.5 million against a budget of $15 million. Her sole release of 2016 was the crime thriller Imperium, opposite Daniel Radcliffe, she portrayed Angela Zamparo, an FBI analyst targeting a white supremacist group.Despite its limited release, the film garnered positive reviews, with Gary Goldstein of the Los Angeles Times calling it "impressively dimensional...tense, gripping and disturbing," and found her to be "excellent" as Radcliffe's character's supervisor. In
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2017, <mask> appeared in several films: to varying degrees of success. The action film, XXX: Return of Xander Cage, starring Vin Diesel, was a commercial success, grossing $346.1 million and earned mixed reviews, though Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle praised her for "embrac[ing] the cold-blooded extremes of her role" as a CIA operative. Her next two films, the war drama The Yellow Birds and the comedy Fun Mom Dinner, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. Although both of these gathered "mixed or average reviews," the actor's work was appreciated, particularly in the former, with the Los Angeles Times critic taking note of how she, and co-star Jennifer Aniston, "deliver uniformly naturalistic performances." She was also in the action-thriller Unlocked, and the comedies Madame and Please Stand By, all of which received "mixed or average reviews" according to Metacritic. The mystery drama Jasper Jones (2017) was better received—obtaining 77% at Rotten Tomatoes.Sandra Hall of The Sydney Morning Herald praised her emotional range and James Douglas, writing for The Guardian, said that she was "impossibly vivacious as always." Richard Kuipers of Variety eulogized the artist's climactic monologue in which her character laments her discontent, calling her "positively electrifying." Also in that year, she formed the production company Vocab Films, with her US-based talent manager Jen Turner. She had previously worked as executive producer for the films she appeared in, Like Minds (2006), The Black Balloon, and Hey, Hey, It's Esther Blueburger (both 2008). Vocab Film's first project is The Best of Adam Sharp (2016), a novel by fellow
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Australian, Graeme Simsion. <mask> is set to play the female lead role, Angelina Brown, who is described by Anita Busch of Deadline as, "an intelligent and strong-willed woman... who taught [Adam] what it meant to find—and then lose—love." Another project is Julia Dahl's novel, Invisible City, a co-production with RadicalMedia, for a TV murder mystery with the actor also serving as a script writer for the pilot episode.She explained her motivation, "it's about fighting for personal freedom and living an authentic life. It couldn't be a more relevant time to tell this story about acceptance and integration, or lack thereof. These complex female characters are honest, flawed, and inspiring. We can always use more of those." 2018–present: Mainstream films and continued acclaim
In 2018, <mask> gave what some critics considered to be one of her best performances in the horror film Hereditary, in which she played Annie Graham, the matriarch of a family haunted by the supernatural following the death of her mother. She was initially reluctant to take on the role, but became convinced by the script's grounded approach and its exploration of grief and loss. She considered it to be the most difficult of her career: in an interview with Vultures Rachel Handler she reflected, "There was no easy moment in this movie...I was shooting 14-take scenes, talking about great loss and difficulty in relating to my family." The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival to critical acclaim, and it became A24's highest-grossing film, earning US$80.2 million Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly praised her for "real dramatic power and force," while Michael
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Phillips of the Chicago Tribune complimented her "fierce performance with a human pulse." She won the Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead for her performance. She starred in Wanderlust (2018), a BBC One drama series about the troubled relationship between <mask>'s character, Joy Richards, a therapist, and her husband. It was her first lead role in TV series since Hostages. She also served as an associate producer on the series. Ben Travers of IndieWire wrote "[she guides] the [series] through turbulent emotional seas with assurance" and Jen Chaney of Vulture remarked that the show was worth watching solely for her performance.Also that year, she appeared in the critically acclaimed comedy Hearts Beat Loud, which also premiered at Sundance. Peter Bradshaw called it "a likable heartwarmer" and praised the actor for "[giving the] film some sinew in her supporting role." That following year, <mask> returned to the horror genre in Dan Gilroy's Velvet Buzzsaw (2019), alongside Jake Gyllenhaal and Rene Russo. Partly a satire about the art world, it premiered at the Sundance Film Festival to polarising reactions. Chicago Sun-Times Richard Roeper gave it a positive review, "[she is] as good as we’d expect [her] to be." She played a supporting role as Joni Thrombey in Rian Johnson's critically acclaimed mystery thriller Knives Out, alongside an ensemble cast including Daniel Craig, Ana de Armas, Jamie Lee Curtis, Michael Shannon, and Christopher Plummer. It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival and was a commercial success, grossing US$311.3
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million.Critics highlighted the performances of the cast: Joe Morgenstern wrote that <mask> "nails her character’s style with elan" and David Rooney considered her to be "divine as a deeply sincere phony." In 2019, <mask> took on the role of a detective, Grace Rasmussen, investigating a troubling rape case, with Merritt Wever and Kaitlyn Dever, in the Netflix miniseries Unbelievable. She had accepted it prior to reading the script, finding the topic "important and so meaningful." She prepared for the role by having a female cop on set who helped her with such particulars as where to place badges and guns and how to stage a medical examination with a rape victim. It had been seen by over 32 million people making it one of Netflix's highest viewed TV series. The artist received acclaim for her performance and several critics praised her chemistry with Wever: Jen Chaney of New York wrote, "Wever and <mask> both create fully authentic women who ooze integrity but also have enough insecurities and make enough mistakes to seem like actual human beings". For her performance, she received nominations for a Golden Globe Award and a Primetime Emmy Award, and won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries.In 2020, she took on a leading role in the drama film Dream Horse, playing a middle-aged South Wales native who decides to train a racehorse. Dennis Harvey of Variety praised her for "easily [carrying] the film’s emotional weight." She appeared in Charlie Kaufman's psychological thriller film I'm Thinking of Ending Things, which was released on Netflix in September 2020. In 2021, she had lead roles in the
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science fiction thriller film Stowaway, and Guillermo del Toro's neo-noir thriller film Nightmare Alley. <mask> is also set to star in the Netflix thriller series Pieces of Her and the HBO Max limited series The Staircase. Music career
Despite cherishing music and singing at a young age, <mask> had stopped in the mid-1990s and explained, "[Singing] comes from a very personal place. It's your voice... and it's only in the last couple of years I felt comfortable in myself singing."In 1996 she sang three cover versions for the soundtrack of the film, Cosi: "Don't Dream It's Over" (originally by Crowded House), "Stand By Me" (Ben E. King) and "Throw Your Arms Around Me" (Hunters & Collectors). In 2000 she recorded nine tracks for the cast album, The Wild Party, for the eponymous Broadway musical. Elyse Sommer of CurtainUp, in a review of the musical, wrote that she was a "topnotch singer" and particularly praised her rendition of "People Like Us". For the soundtrack of Connie and Carla (2004), <mask>, and her co-star Nia Vardalos, recorded duets of several show tunes including, "I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair", "Maybe This Time" and "Cabaret". David Haviland of Eye for Film praised the renditions, "The musical numbers are a camp triumph." She sang the track, "Sunday Morning", for the album Summertown by Deborah Conway and Willy Zygier. She has also performed songs for soundtracks of About a Boy, A Long Way Down, Miss You Already and Hearts Beat Loud.<mask> has been writing her own songs since early teens. In 2006 with encouragement of her husband Dave Galafassi on drums (ex-Gelbison), she formed <mask> & the Finish in Sydney. Also
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joining the band were Amanda Brown on keyboards, Glenn Richards on guitar, David Lane on piano and keyboards and Pete Farley on bass guitar. Their first gig was at The Basement, Sydney, "I was completely petrified and I think once I got that out of the way, I have just been enjoying it... In the acting, the film world, they try to hide things from actors, keep them cushioned. So I am really enjoying getting my hands dirty." On 9 October 2006 the band released their debut album, Beautiful Awkward Pictures, on Hoola Hoop Records.Using her personal life as an inspiration, she wrote all eleven tracks under her married name, <mask>-Galafassi. It was recorded in two weeks: <mask> co-produced with Zygier. Eclectic of Sputnikmusic gave it a positive review, "<mask>'s subdued vocals aren't perfect, but they're close enough to love all the same." He did, however, rebuke the lyrics of some tracks remarking that they had "some stunningly bad lines." The album produced two singles, "Beautiful Awkward Pictures" (September 2006) and "Look Up" (March 2007). The latter reached the ARIA Singles Chart top 100. She appeared on the Australian TV show Cool Aid and performed "Look Up".In July 2007 <mask> & the Finish headlined the Sydney show of Live Earth, singing a cover of T. Rex's "Children of the Revolution". They toured Australia, but have not performed nor released any new material after 2007. In 2012 she expressed her desire to make another album, but said she found it difficult to find enough time to commit to that project. Humanitarian work
<mask> supports various charities including Doctors Without Borders, Amnesty International and Feeding America. She
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expressed her support for PETA and, in July 2005, wrote a letter to then Australian Prime Minister John Howard, asking him to ban the practice of mulesing and the live export of sheep. Later that month, after speaking to sheep farmers, she reneged on supporting PETA's campaign against mulesing: "The issue is not as black and white as was previously presented to me. I was given to understand that there were 'effective and humane alternatives to prevent fly strike' and they are 'currently available.'I am now aware that there are no simple alternatives available to farmers at this time." In 2009, the actor auctioned off T-shirts of her own design to raise money for various charities. <mask> along with Drew Barrymore and Catherine Hardwicke, who all worked together on Miss You Already, wore pink ribbons to support Breast Cancer Awareness Month in October 2014. She has raised money for OzHarvest, an organisation which collects excess food from Australian restaurants and redistributes it to the homeless. She sold some of her personal items for an auction to raise money for the charity Cure Our Kids, which is dedicated to raising money for the oncology unit at The Children's Hospital at Westmead. In 2010, she was part of the host committee to hold the third annual Go Go Gala which will benefit the GO Campaign which seeks to help orphans and vulnerable children throughout the world. She took part in the promotion of the documentary The Lazarus Effect (2010), being featured in a small clip which sought to raise awareness of the positive impact of free antiretroviral drug therapy for those living with HIV in Africa.In 2012, <mask> has contributed an
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exclusive blog on the fight against hunger and a call to action for Giving Tuesday and the holiday season to the Huffington Post. In 2014, she was appointed as a global ambassador for Concern Worldwide. She made her first field visit with Concern to Haiti where she met families who, together with Concern, are working to break the cycle of extreme poverty. She had previously raised money for Concern's global campaign to fight hunger and malnutrition. She has taken part in multiple Public Service Announcements by Concern requesting the viewers to donate to Concern's various campaigns. In 2017, she attended the 25th Annual Elton John AIDS Foundation Academy Award Party which seeks to raise money to support innovative HIV prevention, education programs and direct care and support services to people living with HIV. She has expressed her support for the Me Too movement.Artistry
<mask> is described by Toby Creswell and Samantha Trenoweth in their book, 1001 Australians You Should Know (2006), "she proved her abilities as a serious actress in Rowan Woods' 1998 film The Boys and again in the big budget international hits The Sixth Sense and About a Boy." Sharon Waxman of The New York Times wrote that the artist often embraces characters who are pathetic, insecure or otherwise unattractive. However, the actor said she detests playing such characters, "If I keep perpetuating that image of myself — that of a downtrodden person — that's the only roles I'll get. And I'm getting tired of playing those roles." Despite achieving stardom early in her career with The Sixth Sense, she rarely acted in commerce-driven pictures. She prefers working in
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independent films over blockbusters where the latter prioritize box-office success over telling a story. Several journalists noted her gravitation towards playing dissatisfied and slightly neurotic mothers.When asked about being typecast in such roles, <mask> replied, "All people are different. All women are different. A lot of women haven't had children but it doesn't change the fact that they're individuals and have some kind of individuality and spark about them." <mask> listed Geoffrey Rush as one of her influences and remembered seeing him in The Diary of a Madman (1989): "When I watched him in that, it was like being in church, I had a full-on spiritual awakening. I even wrote him this letter – I don't remember what it said, but it was very complimentary." She does not find it difficult to detach herself from her roles, but reflected that after doing several heavy thematic films she, "[started] to find things were accumulating. I had to figure out a way to kind of shake it off.So I am figuring that out." When asked how she decides to play her characters, she replied, "When I look at a character, I never look at the size of the role. I always look at the whole person, no matter how much they're featured in the movie." She dislikes working with dialect coaches when preparing for an accent, as they usually make her feel self-conscious. Although she has gained weight to play characters in previous films, she dislikes doing so, and after filming In Her Shoes, said that she would never do so again. Brie Larson, who starred with <mask> in United States of Tara, has cited her as an inspiration and praised her for being able to "disappear" into
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her roles. Greg Kinnear, her co-star in Dinner with Friends and Little Miss Sunshine, called her "gifted" and commended her for being able to communicate without dialogue.In an analysis of <mask>'s acting style, Rilla Kingston compared her to character actress Thelma Ritter who was widely critically acclaimed for her supporting roles, and repeatedly typecast as the female comic second. Kingston took note of her use of physicality to convey her characters' emotions as in Emma and United States of Tara. She remarked that <mask>'s acting method references the components of Stanislavski's System of Acting. In studying her typecasting as mothers, Kingston wrote, "[<mask>] selectively chooses roles of women and mothers which she can portray in ways that are multidimensional and different from another." She also wrote that the actor makes conscious efforts to break from the typecasting, with leading roles in films like Miss You Already and Lucky Them. At the end of her analysis, Kingston concluded, "<mask> truly is a chameleon in both the versatility of her acting style and in the kind of roles she is willing to approach with a physicality-based method." <mask> is particularly known for her expressive and highly malleable face, distinctive versatility, physical transformations and accents.<mask>'s versatility as a performer is unique in that despite playing a wide range of characters with vastly different personalities and nuances they're usually portrayed through the medium of a mother character and they often deal with issues relating to motherhood. Personal life
In her twenties she found it difficult to adapt to being in the media spotlight and,
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as a result, struggled with bulimia and panic attacks. The panic attacks lasted eight months, she described having pains in her chest, blurred vision and profuse sweating. During this period she travelled extensively, shaved her head five times (once for a film role) and bought a flat in Brixton, London. Her aim was to "explore different ideas and just look at life and try to understand it." She left the Brixton flat after a few months because she saw a man "getting his head bashed in with a pole 30 metres away." <mask> dated her Velvet Goldmine co-star, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, for about a year ( 1997) before ending their relationship and described it as "hedonistic, drunken and probably dangerous."When asked about her faith, she remarked: "We're all spiritual... I'm not Buddhist but I am drawn to it because it seems the most beneficial of organised religions, and the most compassionate. It's an ongoing journey." She met musician Dave Galafassi at a 2002 album launch for his then-band Gelbison. The couple married in a traditional Buddhist ceremony on 11 January 2003. The couple have a daughter, Sage Florence, born on 9 January 2008, and a son, Arlo Robert, born on 22 April 2011. She has said that she is an avid camper and enjoys meditating.They lived in Sydney in the 2000s before moving to Los Angeles. The family returned to Sydney in 2019. Discography
<mask> & the Finish: Beautiful Awkward Pictures (2006) – Hoola Hoop Records/MGM (HOOLAHOOP002)
Other appearances
"Best Friend", "Finale: The Wild Party", "People Like Us" (by <mask> and Yancey Arias), "Queenie Was a Blonde", "This Is What It Is", "Welcome to My Party", "Wild Party" from The
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Wild Party: A Decca Original Broadway Cast Album (soundtrack album, 2000) – Decca Broadway/Universal Music Group (012 159 003–2)
"Airport Medley: Oklahoma / Superstar / Papa Can You Hear Me? / Memory", "Let Me Entertain You", "Maybe This Time", "Don't Rain on My Parade", "Medley: Everything's Alright / Don't Cry for Me", "I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair", "There Is Nothing Like a Dame", "Cabaret" (all by Nia Vardalos and <mask>) from Connie and Carla: Music from the Motion Picture (2004) Epic Records (5178262000, EK 92430)
"Hello Halo (Cooper Todd Remix)" (by David Galafassi, <mask>, Nathan Cooper, Benjamin Todd) from Miss You Already (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (2015) – Sony Classical
Filmography
Awards and nominations
Among her numerous accolades, <mask> received five AACTA Awards from eight nominations, a Golden Globe Award from six nominations, a Primetime Emmy Award from four nominations, and a Screen Actors Guild Award from four nominations. She also received nominations for two British Academy Film Awards and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. For her performance in Muriel's Wedding (1994), Collette received her first Golden Globe Award nomination. For her role in The Sixth Sense (1999), she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.She went on to earn BAFTA Award nominations for About a Boy (2002) and Little Miss Sunshine (2006). <mask> earned further acclaim for the comedy-drama series United States of Tara (2008–2011), for which she received a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. For her performance in the acclaimed miniseries Unbelievable (2019), she earned a
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Critics' Choice Television Award and garnered further Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nominations. References
External links
<mask> at Emmys.com
1972 births
20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses
Actresses from Sydney
Australian film actresses
Australian stage actresses
Australian television actresses
Australian expatriates in the United States
Australian people of American descent
Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
Living people
National Institute of Dramatic Art alumni
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
Best Actress AACTA Award winners
Best Supporting Actress AACTA Award winners
21st-century Australian singers
21st-century Australian women singers
Theatre World Award
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<mask> (1905–1951) was an American ballerina, choreographer, ballet teacher, and director. She founded the Philadelphia Ballet (originally the Littlefield Ballet) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1935. It was the first American ballet company to tour Europe and the first to present a full-length (or three-act plus prologue) version of The Sleeping Beauty in the United States. In addition to producing American-themed ballets such as Barn Dance, Terminal, Cafe Society and Ladies' Better Dresses, <mask> choreographed Broadway musicals and Sonja Henie's professional ice skating shows. She was among the first class of inductees (1987) into the National Museum of Dance’s Hall of Fame. Childhood
<mask> was born in a Philadelphia rowhouse in 1905 to James H<mask> and <mask> (also known as "Mommie"). Her father was a native of Maine who worked for the YMCA and later founded a newsreel business.Her mother was raised by her German immigrant grandmother and studied piano at a local conservatory. <mask> had three younger siblings: Jimmie (b. 1910), Dorothie (b. 1912), and Carl (b. 1915). In 1908, Mommie began giving three-year-old <mask> and neighborhood children dancing lessons at a West Philadelphia YMCA. In addition, she managed a "kiddie" opera troupe along with her husband.Actress and singer Jeanette MacDonald and Ziegfeld Follies star Ann Pennington were members of this troupe as young girls. As a preteen, <mask> studied with C. Ellwood Carpenter, a third-generation member of a famous family of Philadelphia
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dancing masters. Under Carpenter's tutelage, <mask> performed in stand-alone ballets and semi-professional opera performances. Carpenter also had a studio on the Ocean City, New Jersey, boardwalk, and <mask> took classes with him there during summers when her father worked as a lifeguard. After the <mask> family moved from Philadelphia to suburban Llanerch, Mommie opened a dance studio on the second floor of the Llanerch Firehouse. While Mommie nurtured her children's interest in music and dance, <mask>'s father encouraged their natural athleticism. He taught them horsemanship and acrobatic stunts, and coached Carl in long-distance swimming.Both of <mask>'s parents were gregarious and fun-loving, and the family was known to be sociable and close-knit. Early career
At age 15, <mask> was spotted by impresario Florenz Ziegfeld as she danced in the Philadelphia Junior League's presentation of Why Not? He offered her a role in his Broadway hit Sally, and she moved to New York to join the show in the fall of 1920. <mask> danced in various Ziegfeld productions for the next five years, eventually assuming solo roles and even a singing part. She appeared in the Follies, Annie Dear, and Louie the 14th. While in New York, she studied ballet with Luigi Albertieri and Ivan Tarasoff, becoming familiar with both Italian and Russian techniques. While <mask> was away, Mommie was hired to teach and stage recitals for the Philadelphia Music Club, an amateur women's musical group.This led to her appointment as ballet
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mistress for the Philadelphia Civic Opera and later the Philadelphia Grand Opera. <mask> returned to Philadelphia from New York to dance lead roles for her mother. She also choreographed ballets and opera divertissements under her mother's name. By this time, Mommie's dancing studio had evolved into the full-fledged Littlefield School, and the Littlefields used their advanced students in their productions. They also hired several men, including William Dollar, to teach and perform. Zelda Fitzgerald, wife of novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald, studied with <mask> in 1927 and wrote a short story about her. The story was never published and the manuscript was subsequently lost.In the late 1920s and early 1930s, <mask> staged prologues and line shows at movie palaces around the city, including at the opulent Stanley and Mastbaum theaters. During this period, she traveled to Paris almost annually to train with Russian expatriate teachers, particularly Lubov Egorova. Mommie and <mask>'s sister, Dorothie, who was also a dancer, often accompanied her. In Paris, <mask> became friendly with Lucienne Lamballe, the etoile of the Paris Opera ballet, and George Balanchine, the Russian choreographer and eventual founder of the New York City Ballet. In 1932, <mask> choreographed her first attributed work, called H.P. (Horsepower). Composed by Carlos Chavez and designed by Mexican muralist Diego Rivera, it concerned the relationship between the United States and Mexico, a fashionable subject at the time.It drew a glittering
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audience and enormous publicity but didn't fare well with the critics and was never repeated. Mid-career/Philadelphia Ballet
After a brief stint as ballet mistress at New York's Roxy Theatre, <mask> returned home and married Philadelphia lawyer/socialite Philip Ludwell Leidy. With Leidy's financial support, she started organizing a professional ballet troupe, which had long been a dream of hers. In the meantime, her friend Balanchine had arrived in New York from Europe to establish a school and company under the sponsorship of Lincoln Kirstein. Balanchine needed dancers and visited the Littlefield School to hold auditions, eventually offering scholarships to a half dozen of Littlefield's best students. These girls left for New York, accompanied by <mask>'s sister, Dorothie, whom Balanchine hired to teach, dance, and serve as ballet mistress for his incipient School of American Ballet and first company, called the American Ballet. Despite the loss of these dancers, <mask> followed through with her own plans to form a troupe.The Littlefield Ballet gave its inaugural performance at Haverford High School on October 25, 1935. Two months later, <mask> changed the company's name to the Philadelphia Ballet. She served as its director, choreographer, and premiere danseuse, while Dorothie (who had left Balanchine's employ to help her sister) and <mask>'s brother Carl, who had been convinced by Mommie to learn dancing, joined as soloists. Mommie was the company's rehearsal pianist and musical director. Most of the
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company's dancers were Philadelphia teenagers who had studied at the Littlefield School. During the Philadelphia Ballet's six-year existence, it presented a wide range of works: a three-act Sleeping Beauty and a three-act Daphnis and Chloe; ballets with American subjects and music such as Barn Dance, Terminal, Cafe Society, and Ladies' Better Dresses; one-act narrative pieces such as The Minstrel, The Snow Maiden, and Viennese Waltz; a plotless one act called Classical Suite to music by Johann Sebastian Bach; an annual Christmas Die Puppenfee; and historical pageants such as The Rising Sun and Let the Righteous Be Glad. Although <mask> choreographed most of the company's repertoire, she also presented works by other choreographers including her Russian ballet master Alexis Dolinoff and modern dancer Lasar Galpern.<mask> was an excellent ballerina herself, known for her clean unmannered style. "Ethereal" was the word most often used to describe her dancing. Dorothie, on the other hand, was a lyrical, athletic ballerina with great technical capabilities. Dorothie's former student, Barbara Weisberger. who later founded the Pennsylvania Ballet, remarked: "There was nothing Dorothie could not do." Carl was naturally gifted and shone in both classical and comic roles. Besides <mask> and her siblings, the Philadelphia Ballet's leading dancers included Dolinoff, Thomas Cannon, Karen Conrad, Joan McCracken, Miriam Golden, Dania Krupska, and Norma Gentner.Conrad and Golden eventually left the company to become
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original members of Ballet Theatre (later American Ballet Theatre). The Philadelphia Ballet was the first classical ballet company to tour Europe. In the spring and summer of 1937, the company performed to critical and audience acclaim in Paris, Brussels, London, and Deauville, France. Littlefield's American-themed works Barn Dance and Terminal proved especially popular with European audiences. Esteemed British critic Arnold Haskell declared that <mask>'s "Barn Dance [was] the first chapter in the history of American Ballet." Indeed, Barn Dance was the first highly successful and widely seen work of "ballet Americana," in which the theme, designs, music, and dancers were entirely American or American made. Following the European tour, the company reverted to its original name—the Littlefield Ballet—to dance for three seasons in Chicago as the resident troupe of the Chicago Civic Opera Company.It also undertook an eight-week domestic tour in early 1941, performing in college towns and at the Ohio State Fair. The company disbanded soon after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, when many of Littlefield's male dancers enlisted in the American military. Late career
Even before <mask> disbanded her company, she had been pursuing commercial work. Her most ambitious and widely seen undertaking was American Jubilee, an historical pageant at the 1940 New York World's Fair that featured a 350-member cast of singers, actors, and dancers. It was performed multiple times each day for 24 weeks in an outdoor arena. Its most
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innovative routine, “My Bicycle Girl,” featured 75 men and women riding bicycles “with extended limbs and elevation assisted by the use of pedals and handlebars, and in elaborate ground maneuvers.” Kirstein praised the routine as a “clear if complex blending of human anatomy, solid geometry, and acrobatics offered as a symbolic demonstration of manners.”
Throughout the 1940s, <mask> also choreographed Broadway musicals, including Hold onto Your Hats, Crazy with the Heat, Follow the Girls, The Firebrand of Florence, and Sweethearts. In addition, she choreographed ice-skating shows for Broadway's Center Theatre (which had converted its stage into a permanent ice rink) and for Sonja Henie's touring Hollywood Ice Revues.Although <mask> never learned to skate, she understood how to apply a dancer's sensibility to skating. The hard-to-please Henie trusted her implicitly. Toward the end of her life, <mask> entered the field of television, staging skits for Jimmy Durante's Four-Star Revue, a variety show broadcast live by NBC. She saw a future for herself in the burgeoning television industry as well as in directing and producing on Broadway, but cancer took her life prematurely at age 46. Personal life
Among her family, friends, and close associates, <mask> was warm, funny, and down to earth, while in professional situations she maintained her distance and radiated authority. With her blue eyes, platinum blonde hair, fine jewelry and well-tailored clothes (including an ever-present floor-length fur coat), she
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cut a glamorous figure. In 1940, she was named one of the country's "Ten Best-Dressed Women."Young dancers often claimed her as their role model. <mask> was musically adept, able to read scores and conduct orchestras during rehearsals when necessary. Although she never graduated from high school, she was well read and informed about current events. She was politically conservative, unlike many of her colleagues in the dance world. She was a Francophile and could speak French fluently. The Littlefields remained unusually close into adulthood. <mask>'s brother Jimmie was the only sibling not to dance professionally.A musician like his mother, he formed and directed a nightclub orchestra and published his own songs, some of which were used in his older sister's ice shows at Centre Theatre. He later married a Philadelphia widow and moved with her to a farm on the Potomac River near Montross, Virginia. <mask> bought a bungalow nearby and the extended family often retreated to the area to be together and relax. Jimmie died at the farm at age 37 after moving hay on an extremely hot day. As for the other family members: Dorothie married twice and had one daughter before succumbing to a heart attack at age 43. Carl became a highly decorated pilot in World War II. He later married Lois Girard, had three children, and moved to California to work in the airline industry.He died in 1966. <mask>'s father had died in 1934, while Mommie died in 1957 at age 75, having outlived three of her four children. <mask> and Philip
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Leidy separated around 1940 and divorced amicably in 1946. He had developed a progressive neurological disease that necessitated a wheelchair and didn't want his ambitious wife to feel obligated to nurse him. After their divorce, Leidy remained close to the Littlefields and continued to handle their legal affairs. In 1947, <mask> married Sterling Noel, a newspaper editor and novelist, whose most successful book was entitled I Killed Stalin. The couple lived in a penthouse apartment overlooking the East River in New York and socialized frequently with theatrical and literary friends.Besides her two husbands, <mask> was romantically linked at different points in her life with singer/actor Nelson Eddy, ice skater Jimmy Caesar, and German emigre composer Kurt Weill. <mask> developed breast cancer and died in November 1951, having just completed work on the 1951-52 edition of Sonja Henie's Hollywood Ice Revue. She is buried in Philadelphia's Chelten Hills Cemetery. Legacy
While <mask> is best remembered for producing ballet Americana, she worked successfully in a wide variety of dance genres, including movie palace stage shows, Broadway musicals, stadium pageants, ice-skating routines, and television skits. Critic Walter Terry summarized her versatility: “<mask> is becoming a theater figure of the first rank, a girl who is leaving her mark in the revue, in the ballet and on ice.” Her legacy as a teacher is less well known but equally as important. The dancer/choreographers with whom she is most often
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compared—Ruth Page, for example—never ran a school on the scale that she did. (Nor did they dance as well.)Littlefield's protegees were foundational to the two most influential ballet companies that exist in America today: the New York City Ballet and American Ballet Theatre. In May 2010, the Philadelphia Sinfonia youth orchestra gave a rousing, multi-media performance of Cafe Society at Philadelphia's Kimmel Center. The performance combined the Ferde Grofe ballet music Littlefield had commissioned with critic Ann Barzel's film footage and still photographs. References
Resources
Aloff, Mindy. “In Philadelphia: The Littlefield Ballet Lives for an Afternoon- Ferde Grofé’s Café Society.” Explore Dance, Last modified May 2, 2010. http://www.exploredance.com/article.htm?id=3005
“<mask> (1905-1951)”. National Museum of Dance. Accessed March 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20110719063324/http://www.dancemuseum.org/hall_of_fame/<mask>.html
Friedler, Sharon E., and Glazer, Susan B..Dancing Female: Lives and Issues of Women in Contemporary Dance. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, 2014. Liebman, Elizabeth A. “<mask>’s Bicycle Ballet and the 1940 World’s Fair.” Dance Chronicle 36 no. 3 (2013): 326-351. Accessed March 26, 2015. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01472526.2013.834539
Skeel, Sharon. <mask>: A Life in Dance.New York: Oxford University Press, 2020; www.catherinelittlefield.com
American ballerinas
Ballet choreographers
1951 deaths
1908 births
20th-century American women
20th-century
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<mask>, born <mask> (23 August 1977) (Hebrew: נחום נחמיה פבזנר), was an influential sculptor, theorist, and key figure in Russia's post-Revolution avant-garde and the subsequent development of twentieth-century sculpture. His work combined geometric abstraction with a dynamic organization of form in small reliefs and constructions, monumental public sculpture and pioneering kinetic works that assimilated new materials such as nylon, wire, lucite and semi-transparent materials, glass and metal. Responding to the scientific and political revolutions of his age, <mask> led an eventful and peripatetic life, moving to Berlin, Paris, Oslo, Moscow, London, and finally the United States, and within the circles of the major avant-garde movements of the day, including Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, the Bauhaus, de Stijl and the Abstraction-Création group. Two preoccupations, unique to Gabo, were his interest in representing negative space—"released from any closed volume" or mass—and time. He famously explored the former idea in his Linear Construction works (1942-1971)—used nylon filament to create voids or interior spaces as "concrete" as the elements of solid mass—and the latter in his pioneering work, Kinetic Sculpture (Standing Waves) (1920), often considered the first kinetic work of art. <mask> elaborated many of his ideas in the Constructivist Realistic Manifesto, which he issued with his brother, sculptor Antoine Pevsner as a handbill accompanying their 1920 open-air exhibition in Moscow. In it, he sought to move past Cubism and Futurism, renouncing what he saw as the static, decorative use of color, line, volume and solid mass in favor of a new element he called "the kinetic rhythms (…) the basic forms of our perception of real time."<mask> held a utopian belief in the power of sculpture—specifically abstract, Constructivist sculpture—to express human experience and spirituality in tune with modernity, social progress, and advances in science and technology. After working on a smaller scale in England during the war years
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(1936-1946), <mask> moved to the United States, where he received several public sculpture commissions, only some of which he completed. These include Constructie, a commemorative monument in front of the Bijenkorf Department Store (1954, unveiled in 1957) in Rotterdam, and Revolving Torsion, a large fountain outside St Thomas Hospital in London. The Tate Gallery, London held a major retrospective of <mask>'s work in 1966 and holds many key works in its collection, as do the Museum of Modern Art and Guggenheim Museum in New York. Work by <mask> is also included at Rockefeller Center in New York City and The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection in Albany, New York, US. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in a Jewish family of six children in the provincial Russian town of Bryansk, where his father Boris (Berko) Pevsner worked as an engineer. His older brother was fellow Constructivist artist Antoine Pevsner; Gabo changed his name to avoid confusion with him.<mask> was a fluent speaker and writer in German, French, and English in addition to his native Russian. His command of several languages contributed greatly to his mobility during his career. “As in thought, so in feeling, a vague communication is no communication at all," <mask> once remarked. After school in Kursk, <mask> entered Munich University in 1910, first studying medicine, then the natural sciences, and attended art history lectures by Heinrich Wölfflin. In 1912 <mask> transferred to an engineering school in Munich where he discovered abstract art and met Wassily Kandinsky and in 1913-14 joined his brother Antoine (who by then was an established painter) in Paris. <mask>'s engineering training was key to the development of his sculptural work that often used machined elements. During this time he won acclamations by many critics and awards like the $1000 Mr and Mrs Frank G. Logan Art Institute Prize at the annual Chicago and Vicinity exhibition of 1954.Constructivism
After the outbreak of war, <mask> moved first to Copenhagen then
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Oslo with his older brother Alexei, making his first constructions under the name Naum <mask> in 1915. These earliest constructions originally in cardboard or wood were figurative such as the Head No.2 in the Tate collection. He moved back to Russia in 1917, to become involved in politics and art, spending five years in Moscow with his brother Antoine. <mask> contributed to the Agit-prop open air exhibitions and taught at 'VKhUTEMAS' the Higher Art and Technical Workshop, with Tatlin, Kandinsky and Rodchenko. During this period the reliefs and construction became more geometric and <mask> began to experiment with kinetic sculpture though the majority of the work was lost or destroyed. <mask>'s designs had become increasingly monumental but there was little opportunity to apply them; as he commented, "It was the height of civil war, hunger and disorder in Russia. To find any part of machinery … was next to impossible".Gabo wrote and issued jointly with Antoine Pevsner in August 1920 a "Realistic Manifesto" proclaiming the tenets of pure Constructivism – the first time that the term was used. In the manifesto <mask> criticized Cubism and Futurism as not becoming fully abstract arts and stated that the spiritual experience was the root of artistic production. <mask> and Pevsner promoted the manifesto by staging an exhibition on a bandstand on Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow and posted the manifesto on hoardings around the city. In Germany <mask> came into contact with the artists of the de Stijl and taught at the Bauhaus in 1928. During this period he realised a design for a fountain in Dresden (since destroyed). <mask> and Antoine Pevsner had a joint exhibition at the Galerie Percier, Paris in 1924 and the pair designed the set and costumes for Diaghilev's ballet La Chatte (1926) that toured in Paris and London. To escape the rise of the Nazis in Germany the pair stayed in Paris in 1932–35 as members of the Abstraction-Creation group with Piet Mondrian.<mask> visited London in 1935, and settled in 1936, where he found a "spirit of
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optimism and sympathy for his position as an abstract artist". At the outbreak of World War II he followed his friends Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson to St Ives in Cornwall, where he stayed initially with the art critic Adrian Stokes and his wife Margaret Mellis. While in Cornwall he continued to work, albeit on a smaller scale. His influence was important to the development of modernism within St Ives, and it can be seen most conspicuously in the paintings and constructions of John Wells and Peter Lanyon, both of whom developed a softer more pastoral form of Constructivism. In 1946 <mask> and his wife and daughter emigrated to the United States, where they resided first in Woodbury, and later in Middlebury, Connecticut. <mask> died in Waterbury, Connecticut, in 1977. Gabo's theory of art
The essence of Gabo's art was the exploration of space, which he believed could be done without having to depict mass.His earliest constructions such as Head No.2 were formal experiments in depicting the volume of a figure without carrying its mass. <mask>'s other concern as described in the Realistic Manifesto was that art needed to exist actively in four dimensions including time. <mask>'s formative years were in Munich, where he was inspired by and actively participated in the artistic, scientific, and philosophical debates of the early years of the 20th century. Because of his involvement in these intellectual debates, <mask> became a leading figure in Moscow’s avant garde, in post-Revolution Russia. It was in Munich that Gabo attended the lectures of art historian Heinrich Wölfflin and gained knowledge of the ideas of Einstein and his fellow innovators of scientific theory, as well as the philosopher Henri Bergson. As a student of medicine, natural science and engineering, his understanding of the order present in the natural world mystically links all creation in the universe. Just before the onset of the First World War in 1914, <mask> discovered contemporary art, by reading Kandinsky’s Concerning the Spiritual in Art, which
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asserted the principles of abstract art.<mask>’s vision is imaginative and passionate. Over the years his exhibitions have generated immense enthusiasm because of the emotional power present in his sculpture. <mask> described himself as "making images to communicate my feelings of the world." In his work, <mask> used time and space as construction elements and in them solid matter unfolds and becomes beautifully surreal and otherworldly. His sculptures initiate a connection between what is tangible and intangible, between what is simplistic in its reality and the unlimited possibilities of intuitive imagination. Imaginative as <mask> was, his practicality lent itself to the conception and production of his works. He devised systems of construction which were not only used for his elegantly elaborate sculptures but were viable for architecture as well.He was also innovative in his works, using a wide variety of materials including the earliest plastics, fishing line, bronze, sheets of Perspex, and boulders. He sometimes even used motors to move the sculpture. Caroline Collier, an authority on Gabo’s work, said, "The real stuff of Gabo’s art is not his physical materials, but his perception of space, time and movement. In the calmness at the ‘still centre’ of even his smallest works, we sense the vastness of space, the enormity of his conception, time as continuous growth." In fact, the element of movement in <mask>’s sculpture is connected to a strong rhythm, more implicit and deeper than the chaotic patterns of life itself. The exactness of form leads the viewer to imagine journeying into, through, over and around his sculptures. <mask> wrote his Realistic Manifesto, in which he ascribed his philosophy for his constructive art and his joy at the opportunities opened up by the Russian Revolution.<mask> saw the Revolution as the beginning of a renewal of human values. Five thousand copies of the manifesto tract were displayed in Moscow streets in 1920. <mask> had lived through a revolution and two world wars; he was also Jewish
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and had fled Nazi Germany. <mask>’s acute awareness of turmoil sought out solace in the peacefulness that was so fully realized in his “ideal” art forms. It was in his sculpture that he evaded all the chaos, violence, and despair he had survived. Gabo chose to look past all that was dark in his life, creating sculptures that though fragile are balanced so as to give us a sense of the constructions delicately holding turmoil at bay. Printmaking
<mask> began printmaking in 1950, when he was persuaded to try out the medium by William Ivins, a former curator of prints at the Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art, New York.His first print was a wood engraving in a section of wood taken from a piece of furniture and printed onto a piece of toilet paper. He went on to produce a significant and varied body of graphic work, including much more elaborate and lyrical compositions, until his death in 1977. Rejecting the traditional notion that prints should be made in editions of identical impressions, <mask> instead preferred to use the monoprint format as a vehicle for artistic experimentation. Art conservation challenges
<mask> pioneered the use of plastics, such as cellulose acetate, in his sculptures. The Tate Gallery in London, which has the world's largest collection of his early works, is battling their chemical degradation. They have commissioned replicas of some sculptures to preserve a visual record of their appearances. Writings
Of Divers Arts (1962).New York: Faber and Faber. See also
List of Russian artists
References
External links
<mask> <mask> at the Tate Gallery Archive
<mask> <mask> at the Nasher Sculpture Center
Naum Gabo Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 1890 births
1977 deaths
People from Bryansk
People from Oryol Governorate
Russian Jews
Modern sculptors
Russian avant-garde
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Vkhutemas faculty
Constructivism (art)
Jewish sculptors
20th-century Russian sculptors
20th-century male artists
Russian male
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<mask> (; 20 November 1930 – 1 October 2008) was a Chinese-born Taiwanese composer. Yen was born in Nanjing, China, and was educated in National Taiwan Normal University, Mannes College, City University of New York, and University of Pennsylvania. He received Taiwan's in 1993 and 1998. As a pupil of William Jay Sydeman, Mario Davidovsky, George Rochberg and George Crumb, <mask> was well known of his atonal writings combining counterpoint skills. George Rochberg commented that <mask>'s music "has a unique scent". <mask> wrote in his article "My Artistic Journey" that he wished to write "music praising mother nature's great beauty and powers." During 1967–2008, <mask> wrote 6 solo instrumental works, 70+ chamber ensemble works (excluding art songs), 5 Chinese chamber works, 16 orchestral works, 1 Chinese orchestra piece, and 11 art songs.Among these works, there was a repeated theme about the sound of bell, which <mask> always remembered from his childhood in the Jiangnan region of China. Two biographies were published in Taiwan, <mask>n: A Cold Fire of Music, written by Taiwanese poet Chen Li (陳黎) in 1997 and A Poetic Journey of Nostalgia, by Canadian-Taiwanese composer Shyh-ji Chew () and Taiwanese composer Janet Jieru Chen () in 2004, both published by Taiwan's China Times Publishing Co. Digitalization data of <mask>'s art song manuscripts and analytic entries are available at Nation Music Archive and Taiwan Music Center of the National Center for Traditional Arts, Taipei, Taiwan. <mask> died in Taipei, Taiwan. Soochow University (Taipei, Taiwan), where he taught music composition and counterpoint for 30 years, has a memorial room and a growing collection of <mask>'s manuscripts. <mask>'s music could be heard in albums published by Music Forum, International Society for Contemporary Music-Taiwan Section, Asian Composers League – Taiwanese
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Composers Association and National Taiwan Symphony Orchestra. His parents were Gan <mask> (), and Bi-cheng Wang (). 1937(7y)
When Sino-Japanese War began, the <mask>'s fled to Jiangxi and Sichuan.Yen grew up in Sichuan, where he entered the Christian Shengguang Elementary and Junior High Schools till he was 15 years old. 1945(15y)
Sino-Japanese War ended and Yen returned to Nanjing. He graduated from junior high school and then entered Soochow's Shengguang Senior High School. 1946(16y)
Education was suspended due to Malignant Malaria and Gastric ulcer. 1947(17y)
Applied Nanjing Conservatory of Music in summer but was rejected. He returned to Shengguang Senior High School and started from the first year. 1948(18y)
Applied Nanjing Conservatory of Music for the second time, and failed again.1949(19y)
Visited Taiwan for the first time in life, but returned to Shanghai shortly and then went to Taiwan again. Entered National Taiwan Normal University Department of Music
1953(23y)
Finished all courses of college, and started a one-year internship in Taoyuan School of Agriculture. 1954(24y)
Graduated from NTNU with Bachelor of Arts. Started one-year military service. 1955(25y)
Studied harmony and counterpoint with composer Er-hua Hsiao(蕭而化) while teaching in Taipei Municipal Jianguo High School’s night division. 1958(28y)
Taught harmony and counterpoint in Taiwan’s National Arts School (today’s National Taiwan University of Arts) till 1962. Exploration (U.S.Era)
1963(33y)
Traveled on a cargo ship in summer to the U.S for further studies. Entered Northeast Missouri State University for Master of Music Education program. 1965(35y)
Gave up master’s degree and entered New York’s Mannes College of Music, started from undergraduate program, where he majored in music composition, studying with William Sydeman
1966(36y)
Hospitalized due to Gastrorrhagia, received
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stomach surgery in Columbia University Hospital. 1967(37y)
Presented his first music composition, Septet for flute, clarinet, trumpet, horn, cello and two percussion parts. 1971(41y)
Graduated from Mannes College of Miusic. 1972(42y)
Entered City College of New York to study music composition and electronic music with Mario Davidovsky, at the same time worked in Seesaw Music Corp. Started writing song Long Tao Sha with lyrics by an American poet, which was re-written in 1976 with Lee Houchu (李後主)’s poem.This is the first work in <mask>’s Ancient Chanting Series. 1976(46y)
Invited by colleague composer () to teach in Taiwan's Soochow University's Music Department as a visiting professor for one year. 1977(47y)
Entered University of Pennsylvania graduate program, studying with George Rochberg and George Crumb. 1979(49y)
Received a master's degree from U.Penn. In the same year, he returned to Taiwan and taught at Soochow University Music Department as a lecturer. Reflection and Heart-Searching
1988(58y)
Received Taiwan's Golden Tripod Awards with the publication of his Piano Four-Hand, recorded by Lina Yeh and Rolf-Peter Wille. 1993(63y)
Received Taiwan's Miniarey of Education's 18th National Award for Arts of Taiwan with his Fantasy for Orchestra I – Sea Winds and a Singing Voice.1994(64y)
Presented works at Taipei Theater in New York on September 4 with fellow Taiwanese composers. 1995(65y)
Beyond the Smoke/A Bird Flies By-<mask>n’s Musical World, a concert featuring <mask> <mask>'s music, was held in Taiwan's National Concert Hall on October 26, presented by Contemporary Chamber Orchestra Taipei, conducted by Chun-Fung Lee(). 1996(66y)
Retired from Soochow University and continued to teach as an associate professor. Maturity and Freedom
1998(68y)
Received Taiwan's Second National Arts and Cultural Medal. 1999(69y)
In Forum of <mask> Yen’s Music
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on June 6 at Music Forum Musique Theatre, his Septet, Long Tao Sha, Duet for Flute and Piano, Moon, A Postcard for Messiaen, and Piano Prelude were performed. 2000(70y)
Concert Parnassus from <mask>n featuring Yen’s 10 art songs was held to celebrate his 70th birthday on January 5, performed by Contemporary Chamber Orchestra Taipei, conducted by Chun-Fung Lee. 2002(72y)
Received the honor of Chair Professor of Soochow University.2003(73y)
Received TECO Award’s Music Composition Medal. Song Album of Yen Lu, which contains Four Luofu Songs, Tower in the Woods, and Furniture Music, was published in March, sponsored by Department of Cultural Affairs of Taipei. Tower in the Woods were performed and discussed in Contemporary Music Forum of Yen Lu’s Music at Music Forum Musique Theatre. 2004(74y)
Presented My Artistic Journey in Ethno Music Composition Forum in March. 2005(75y)
Yen Lu 75 th Birthday Concert was held on November 20th at Music Forum's Recital Hall, in which Four Preludes for Piano (1979), Piano Four-Hand (1987), Two Preludes for Piano (1999), Impromptu for Piano (2005), and Song for Cello (1997) were presented along with students’ music compositions as gifts. Pianists Daming Zhu (諸大明), Lina Yeh (), Rolf-Peter Wille, Mei-Ya Lo () Hsin-Jung Hsieh (), and cellist Hsien-Liang Lien () joined this concert. 2007(77y)
Married for the first time in life, with Ms. Ya-shih (a.k.a.Alice, Su-Chih, Shih-Ya) Cherng. Diagnosed with oral cancer by the end of 2007. 2008(78y)
Died of oral cancer on October 1. References
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Taiwanese classical composers
National Taiwan University alumni
Mannes School of Music alumni
City College of New York alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
1930 births
2008 deaths
Musicians from Nanjing
Male classical composers
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male
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<mask> (born October 2, 1980) is a Canadian trampoline gymnast. She won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the individual event. She won a gold medal at the 2003 Trampoline World Championships in Hannover, Germany in the same event and a bronze in the team event. At the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics, she won a silver medal in the individual event. <mask> was born in Toronto and grew up in North York, Ontario. She began trampolining at age 11, and is a student at York University. She is a member of the Skyriders Trampoline Place and is coached by Dave Ross.Following the Lake Placid and Quebec City World Cup competitions that took place in April 2007, the FIG World Rankings were updated. The women's ranking saw four time World Champion and five time World Cup Final winner Irina Karavaeva of Russia retake top place from <mask> in Women's Individual Trampoline after Karavaeva won the gold medal at both of the World Cups. <mask> and her partner, Rosannagh MacLennan, were ranked first in Women's Synchronised Trampoline following their two winning performances in 2007. Career
After winning the Canadian National Trampoline Championships seven years in a row, <mask> made an error in her second routine (of three) and came in 6th place in the 2005 finals on June 1, 2005. She was beaten by her partner in synchronized trampoline, Rosannagh MacLennan. Later in June, she competed in the Trampoline World Cup and came in 3rd in the individual competition and won gold in synchronized trampoline with Rosannagh MacLennan. In September 2005 at the Trampoline World Championships in Eindhoven, Netherlands, the pair came 2nd in synchronized trampoline and <mask> came 6th in the individual event.In the 2006 Canadian National Trampoline championships
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in Quebec City, <mask> regained her title beating MacLennan into second place, on May 20, 2006. On November 25, 2006, <mask> won both the Individual gold medal and, with MacLennan, the synchronized gold medal at the Trampoline and Tumbling World Cup Final competition in Birmingham. In April 2007 at the Lake Placid Trampoline World Cup, the <mask> and MacLennan achieved a new female synchronised trampoline routine world record for difficulty with a DD of 14.20. At the 2007 Canadian Trampoline Championships in Regina, Saskatchewan, <mask> took first place, edging out MacLennan by 2.5 points with a score of 106.90 in the Women's Senior Individual trampoline category. In the category of synchronized trampoline, <mask> and MacLennan won the gold with a score of 131.70. On November 3, 2007, at the 2007 Trampoline World Championships in Quebec City, <mask> and MacLennan won the synchronised event, maintaining their unbroken string of nine first-place finishes in World Cup and World Championships. In the individual final, <mask> did not complete her routine and finished in 8th place.However, her and MacLennan's rankings in the preliminary round earned two women's places at the 2008 Olympic Games for Canada. On June 7, 2008, <mask> won her 10th Senior Women's Trampoline Canadian Championship in Calgary, beating MacLennan into second place. Both women, however, with Jason Burnett were named to compete for Canada at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. <mask> qualified for the finals in 4th place, and on August 18, 2008, she won a silver medal in the women's final at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She was the only trampoline athlete to have won a medal at every Olympic Games at which the event has been competed until her 4th-place finish in the 2012 London
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Olympics. She was selected as Canada's flag bearer for the closing ceremonies of the Beijing 2008 Olympics. Following the 2008 Olympic Games, <mask> did not compete again until the 2009 Canadian National Championships in Hamilton, Ontario.She came in second place after Rosannagh MacLennan. In the synchronised competition, she paired with MacLennan but they did not complete one routine and came in second place. She regained the Canadian National Championship in 2010 at Kamloops, British Columbia with MacLennan coming in 2nd place. In the 2009 Trampoline World Championships in St Petersburg, Russia, <mask> won the Bronze medal in Individual trampoline in her first international competition since the Beijing Olympics. She also won a silver medal in Synchronised Trampoline with her usual partner Rosannagh Maclennan. In 2011, <mask> did not compete in the Canadian National Championships and was sick for the Finals of the 2011 Pan American Games. In the 2011 Trampoline World Championships in Birmingham, England, <mask> and MacLennan secured two places for Canadian women in the 2012 Summer Olympics and <mask> won a Silver medal for the synchronised trampoline event (with MacLennan) and a Bronze medal for the Team competition.In 2012, <mask> finished in 4th place in the 2012 Summer Olympics's individual trampoline. In 2014, <mask> resumed training after giving birth to a daughter in 2013. She is attempting to qualify for the 2015 Pan-American Games to be held in Toronto. She stated that she wanted to compete in a major international event before her hometown crowd before she retired. She competed in the 2014 Canadian National Champuionships in Ottawa and was third. While training at the Trampoline World Championships in Daytona Beach, Florida, in November
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2014, she landed badly and broke her ankle forcing her to withdraw from the competition. <mask> received the honour of being selected to pronounce the athletes' oath in front of her home crowd in Toronto during the opening ceremonies of the 2015 Pan-American Games.Competing at these games, she placed third in the women's individual trampolining event. On July 16, 2017, at the 2017 Canadian National Trampoline and Tumbling Championships, <mask> officially retired at a ceremony held to honour her contribution to the sport. As of 2019 she was the National Team Director for Trampoline Gymnastics at Gymnastics Canada. Personal life
<mask> married her fellow-Olympian and former training partner Mathieu Turgeon on December 22, 2007. In September 2013, she gave birth to a daughter. Her autobiography, called <mask>: Soaring High, was published in November 2007. References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Canadian female trampolinists
Olympic gymnasts of Canada
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Olympic bronze medalists for Canada
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 2007 Pan American Games
Gymnasts at the 2011 Pan American Games
Gymnasts at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships
Gymnasts from Toronto
Karen
Canadian autobiographers
Competitors at the 2009 World Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American
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<mask> (born 14 April 1948) is a Polish lyrical abstraction painter and neofiguration painter and performance artist. Early life & family
Karwowski was raised in a small town in Eastern Poland near Biebrza National Park. His father, Jozef Karwowski, was a social worker and promoter of culture and his mother Larysa (maiden name Zub) was a hairdresser. He has one younger brother, Maciej. Karwowski grew up in a multigenerational family under the strong influence of his father and Russian grandfather, Szymon Zub. His father gave him his first drawing lesson, and his grandfather was also creative, writing poetry and singing old Russian songs. His later work was influenced by Polish and Russian culture and traditions, as well as a childhood surrounded by the wilderness that encouraged his sensitivity and strong feelings of individualism.Painting and performance art
After graduating high school Karwowski started painting more and experimenting with different forms of art. He changed homes and universities several times while looking for a place where he could fully develop his talents. He worked as a miner while conducting his search, and later joined the Fine Arts Faculty at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, where he became a professional artist. In early 80s Karwowski and Zbigniew Oleszynski started a Polish performance group known as "Group A". From that time on, Karwowski has been heavily engaged in performance art, both as an organizer and a participant. Since 2003 he has organized the International Performance & Intermedia Festival in Szczecin. Throughout his career Karwowski has created his own style of which a Berlin art critic said, "From his images comes colorful light, which is created by perfection in his workshop.Metaphor of this light gives magical, surreal meaning to figurative elements in his paintings. The power of his paintings, aside from illuminating colors,
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comes from the richness of symbolic meanings and certain multilayer by which Karwowski ’s paintings are far from simple decorative function." Karwowski's paintings focus on color and light. His paintings are housed in various private collections in Europe. He has also been commissioned by compound corporations and institutions, such as the Clinic in Dortmund (Germany) in 2005. For the clinic, he created 53m long wall panels that have received attention from a wide audience. Zwijndrechts echtpaar ijvert voor Oost-Europese kunst, De Zwijndrechtse Kombinatie, 04.02.1987.Lillemor Svensson, Polska målare i Vänersborg, Trollhättans Tidning, 26.03.1988. C.F.Garde, Kvindelighed på flere måder, Politiken, 25.02.1992. Polska abstraktioner hos Några Målare, Ela, 11.02.1993. Kulturen blomstrar på landet, Svenska Dagbladet, 26.02.1993. Ingeborg Schwenke-Runkel, In die Wiesen längs der Oder, Kölner Stadt – Anzeiger, 05.03.1996. Wolfgang Cassel, Vielfalt der polnischen Kunst, Lübecker Nachreichten, 22.06 1996. Vier Künstler aus Stettin, Ostholsteiner Anzeiger, 28.06.1996.Licht, Dunkelheit und flammende Energie, Hamburger Abendblatt, 12.04.1997. Zwei Künstler aus Stetin, Altländer Tageblatt, 12.04.1997. Karin M.Erdtmann, Mit Tauchsieder und Toilettenfrau- Neue Galerie zeigt <mask> Karwowski, Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, 28.05.1997. Im Tabakspeicher Kunst erleben, Schwedter Stadtanzeiger, 25.06.2000. Marita Poschitzki, Ausstellung auch in Stettin geplant, Uckemärker, 03.05.2001. Sprache der Natur, Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, 19.04.2002
Performance polsko-niemiecki, Karwowski i Deimling, Głos Szczeciński, 13.06.2003
External links
68Elf Gallery, Cologne
Galerie Anders, Luenen
Klinikum Dortmund
ArtNews.org
AND - Artist Network Database
rhiz.eu
1948 births
Living people
Polish artists
Polish people of Russian descent
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń alumni
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
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<mask> of Ghana, also known as Kofi Ghanaba (4 May 1923 – 22 December 2008), was a Ghanaian musician, best known as the inventor of Afro-jazz — "the reuniting of African-American jazz with its African roots" — and as a member of The Tempos, alongside E. T. Mensah. He also inspired musicians such as Fela Kuti. <mask>'s virtuosity on the African drums earned him the appellation "The Divine Drummer". At different stages of his life, he also worked as a journalist, DJ and broadcaster. Biography
He was born <mask> in Accra in the then Gold Coast on 4 May 1923 to Richard Mabuo Akwei, founder of the Ghana National School, and Susana Awula Abla Moore. Named by his parents after <mask>, the 29th president of the United States, he changed his name in 1943 to <mask>. When he was in the U.S. it became "<mask> of Ghana".He changed it to "Ghanaba" on 1 July 1974, Ghana's Republic Day. He was educated at the Government Boys' School, Accra, from 1928 to 1939. During this time, he developed his interest in music by playing for the school band. After passing with distinction, he enrolled at Odorgonno Secondary School in 1940. During the same year, he joined the Accra Rhythmic Orchestra under Yeboah Mensah as a drummer. He won a government teacher training scholarship to Achimota College, Accra, in 1941 with the intention of becoming a teacher at his father's school. While at Achimota, he participated in sports.He dropped out of the college in 1942 because, as he later said, "I was bored stiff with my studies and the stern discipline of the college, which attempted to change me into an Englishman." In 1943 <mask> enlisted in the Office of Strategic Services, a branch of the United States Army that dealt with overt and covert operations in World War II. He returned to Accra in the same year and joined the Spectator Daily as a reporter under the editor Robert Wuta-Ofei. He was editor of the Daily Echo, Gold Coast Independent, and Star of West
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Africa between 1950 and 1952. In 1944 he began broadcasting jazz programs while working at the Gold Coast Broadcasting Service under the name <mask>, which he continued using for the next three decades. In 1951, he did a series of jazz programs for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), becoming the first African to host programs with the service. He also acted in the 1951 film The Boy Kumasenu, playing the role of Yeboah.He worked at Station ELBC, the National Broadcasting Service of Liberia, as assistant director and disc jockey between 1953 and 1955. He joined E. T. Mensah and others to form the jazz band The Tempos but left the band in 1951. In 1955 <mask> left for Chicago and joined the Gene Esposito Band as co-leader, percussionist, and arranger. With them he recorded his first album, Africa Speaks, America Answers (Decca, 1956). African music was popular, but it had not been integrated with world music until <mask>. Fela Anikulapo Kuti and Osibisa popularized Ghanaba's music. During his stay in America, he worked with Duke Ellington, Max Roach, Charlie Parker, and Louis Armstrong.By 1974 he had returned to Ghana, where on 1 July 1974, Republic Day, he changed his name to "Ghanaba". He later said: "After the United States disillusioned me, I wanted to resurrect the African component of jazz. African interpretations of jazz were different than African American version I heard in the U.S. I discovered Africanness in the U.S. ... I wanted to do African music." In the 1990s, he played a role in the film Sankofa (1993), written and directed by Haile Gerima, who was working in the United States. It was filmed also in Ghana and Burkina Faso.Ghanaba continued to make music until his death on 22 December 2008. He was buried in a coffin designed as a drum by Eric Adjetey Anang of Kane Kwei Carpentry Workshop. Family
Ghanaba's parents were Susana Awula Abla Moor and Richard Mabuo Akwei, founder and first headmaster of Ghana
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National School in Accra. As a child Ghanaba was a boisterous free spirit who found little peace and comfort with the strictness of his father. Richard Akwei, a disciplinarian, was an educationist and founder of the Akwei Memorial School in central Accra; also a sports administrator, he is credited with being the first Ghanaian Chief Executive of the Central Organization of Sports (COS), later known as the Sports Council. Ghanaba was married twice and had six children. His first son, <mask> Jr., a.k.a."Odinga Oginga", is an artist specialising in sculpting, painting and carving. His second child, Glenn Gillespie <mask>, also called "Ghanababa" (the son of Ghanaba), is a jazz drummer who played on the album That Happy Feeling (Safari, 1979). He recorded Bomdigi (Safari, 2008), the last album featuring Ghanaba. Glenn was chosen by Ghanaba to carry on his work, which was formally marked when Ghanaba handed Glenn his drumsticks. Ghanaba's third son, Gamal Abdel Nasser <mask>, a.k.a. The President, was named after president Nasser of Egypt. His fourth son, Gamaliel <mask>, inherited his father's musical talent as a jazz drummer.In 1976, Ghanaba met and married Mrs Felicia Ghanaba, a Togolese living in Ghana. She bore Ghanaba a daughter whom they named Medie ("mine"); she is known as Medie Ghanaba Lemay. In 1982 the couple had a second daughter named Gye Nyame Hosanna Ghanaba. Music career
1940–80
He began his career under the name <mask> as a disc jockey in 1944 with several jazz programs on the Gold Coast Broadcasting Service (later Ghana Broadcasting Corporation) and Z.O.Y. Accra. He described his performance on the drums as love-making, seeing the African drums as a woman who could not be satisfied. While the punch and power of his playing easily tore the vinyl covering on Western-made drums, the animal skin covering the African drums remained intact.Nii Anum Telfer describes climbing on stage with Ghanaba as a feeling he would
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always remember. A firecracker would announce their entrance. As Seth Paris notes, "With fellow musicians, like saxophonist Joe Kelly and bassist Oscarmore Ofori, <mask> was part of the generation to bring the influences of African-American musical styles into mainstream Ghanaian culture. During 1948, <mask> worked with Kenny Graham's Afro-Cubists in the UK, and when he returned to Ghana, helped introduce Afro-Cuban rhythms to the country." Travelling to the U.S. in 1954, he spent some years working there although he found little commercial success. Once before a U.S. show <mask> appeared backstage in authentic African wear. But the owner of the club (African Room) was trying to force him to wear what he considered an "Uncle Tom" outfit with a tattered straw hat, which was the norm for Calypso and African musicians at the time.Ghanaba adamantly refused to change, beginning a trend that was copied both on and off stage. Ghanaba said in a 1973 interview with John Collins, "I had to make a choice between being a poor imitation of Buddy Rich or playing something they couldn't. I could play jazz well, but I possessed something nobody else had, so I started to play African music with a little bit of jazz thrown in, not jazz with a little African thrown in." In 1956 his first album, Africa Speaks, America Answers, was recorded for Decca. It confirmed Ghanaba's reputation as a credible musician. It cross-fertilized African and Western rhythms and introduced authentic instrumentation into the music. In 1964, Decca and German musician Bert Kaempfert released an orchestral version of "That Happy Feeling", the most popular song on Africa Speaks, America Answers, under its original title "Eyi Wala Dong (An African's Prayer)" on Kaempfert's 1962 album A Swingin' Safari.A year later, Ghanaba worked on the release of Themes for African Drums (RCA Victor, 1958), on which he wanted to use voices, drums, and trombone, with an African influence.
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Dubois Centre in Accra. On 18 January 2008, Ghanaba handed his drumsticks to his son Glenn "Ghanababa" <mask> at a ceremony at the National Theatre in Accra. Ghanaba died on 22 December 2008. On 21 June 2009, a tribute was held at the Jazz Gallery in New York with Randy Weston, Obo Addy, and Kwaku Martin Obeng. Africa first
On 1 July 1974, the anniversary of Ghana's Republic Day, he adopted the name Ghanaba.From a young age he wanted to remain true to his African roots. His pride in his African heritage was revealed in his music and the clothes he wore. His goal was to make the African presence felt in world music. Max Roach said in 1974 that Ghanaba wanted to strengthen "Afro-American music" by turning to African music for inspiration. He was disturbed by the desire of many Ghanaians for material goods manufactured outside the country. Ghanaba was among three people picked by Osagyefo Kwame Nkrumah to give advice on political, spiritual, and personal matters. He repeated the same service to Jerry John Rawlings when he became head of state.In the 1970s Ghanaba joined African Obonu (later known as the Ghanababii) and others to perform the monthly Free South Africa Shows. These were organized at the Accra Community Centre in solidarity with Nelson Mandela and the people of South Africa in the fight against apartheid. Other shows were organized to commemorate important dates in African history, such as Namibia's Independence Day, and also to honor Africans such as boxers Azumah Nelson and Ike Quartey. He was an avid reader who had a sign in his house that read "I would rather read". He collected books, newspapers, and other material that he hoped could be catalogued. New York University expressed interest in his collections. A professor of African Studies at the school established the African Heritage Library in Accra with most of the material coming from Ghanaba's collections.Decades earlier, he had wanted to donate it to the
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government of Nigeria because of its commitment to the second edition of the World Festival of Black Arts in 1977. A supporter of Pan-Africanist, he opined that if political and economic developments do not go hand in hand with cultural developments no progress would be made. The Ghanaba Afro-Jazz Gallery is an independent art project "dedicated to honouring, and preserving, the legacy of the legendary Kofi Ghanaba" and to promoting Afro-Jazz music and culture. The title of Robin D. G. Kelley's book Africa Speaks, America Answers (2012) is taken from Ghanaba's 1956 album of the same name. Hallelujah! a film by Steven Feld about Ghanaba, was screened at the 6th Annual New Mexico Jazz Festival, Albuquerque, followed by a post-screening discussion with Randy Weston and Steven Feld. Publications
I Have a Story to Tell …, by <mask>, Accra [Ghana]: Printed by the Guinea Press, c. 1962.Tells the story of <mask>'s sojourn in America as an African jazz musician. Hey Baby! Dig Dat Happy Feelin''' – A biographical retrospective; produced by Roger Davies, Chelmsford, UK, 2003. Discography
Africa Speaks America Answers (Decca, 1956)
Themes for African Drums (RCA Victor, 1959)
African Rhythms (Decca, 1962)
Emergent Drums (Lansdowne, 1964)
Afro-Jazz (Columbia, 1969)
Native Africa (KPM Music, 1969)
The African Soundz of <mask> of Ghana (Regal Zonophone, 1972)
References
Further reading
Steven Feld, Jazz Cosmopolitanism in Accra: Five Musical Years in Ghana, Duke University Press, 2012. . External links
Donald's Encyclopedia of Popular Music
GhanaWeb
"Ghanaba and the Heritage of African Jazz", Hartigan, Royal. pp. 145–164."Kofi Ghanaba: Ghanaian drummer and bandleader", The Times'', 13 February 2009. 1923 births
2008 deaths
Ghanaian expatriates in the United States
Alumni of Achimota School
Ga-Adangbe people
Ghanaian jazz musicians
Ghanaian radio journalists
Ghanaian radio presenters
Jazz drummers
Musicians from
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