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Dextrocarpa is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Species within the genus Dextrocarpa include:
Dextrocarpa misanthropos Monniot, 1978
Dextrocarpa solitaris Millar, 1955
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
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17
],
"text": [
"genus"
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|
Dextrocarpa is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Species within the genus Dextrocarpa include:
Dextrocarpa misanthropos Monniot, 1978
Dextrocarpa solitaris Millar, 1955
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"Styelidae"
]
}
|
Dextrocarpa is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Species within the genus Dextrocarpa include:
Dextrocarpa misanthropos Monniot, 1978
Dextrocarpa solitaris Millar, 1955
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Dextrocarpa"
]
}
|
Idris Muhammad (Arabic: إدريس محمد; born Leo Morris; November 13, 1939 – July 29, 2014) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. He had an extensive career performing jazz, funk, R&B, and soul music and recorded with musicians such as Ahmad Jamal, Lou Donaldson, Pharoah Sanders, Bob James, and Tete Montoliu.
Biography
Born Leo Morris in New Orleans, Idris Muhammad grew up in the city's 13th Ward in a home next door to a dry cleaner’s shop. He later would claim the sound of the shop’s steam presser influenced his hi-hat technique.Growing up, he spent time with fellow New Orleanians The Neville Brothers. Also interested in other instruments, he showed early talent as a percussionist, playing in a Mardi Gras parade at age 9.Muhammad asked Paul Barbarin to teach him to read music but Barbarin, who thought he was already so talented, declined.At the age of 14, Muhammad began his professional career by performing with The Hawketts on their iconic recording “Mardi Gras Mambo”. Two years later, in 1956, he played drums on Fats Domino's recording of "Blueberry Hill".After being introduced by Joe Jones, Muhammad began touring with Sam Cooke. Later he played with Jerry Butler and Curtis Mayfield in Chicago, working largely in R'n'B, before moving to New York City in the mid-1960s. In New York, Muhammad became embedded in the jazz scene playing with Kenny Dorham, Horace Silver, Lou Donaldson and Betty Carter. He also played in the Apollo Theatre's house band. In 1967, he accepted a job in the orchestra for the initial off-Broadway production of Hair and stayed with the production when it moved to Broadway.During this time, Muhammad was also in the Prestige label’s house band and made over 150 recordings for the Prestige, Blue Note, and CTI labels among others. He recorded with artists such as Lou Donaldson and Charles Earland who had begun merging jazz with sounds from funk, soul and rock. Muhammad also appeared as a sideman with artists such as Gene Ammons, Nat Adderley, and George Benson. Rudy Van Gelder often worked with Muhammad and had a special relationship with him. The producer greatly assisted with fine tuning Muhammad's recorded drum sound.After four years with Hair, Muhammad left the production to tour with Roberta Flack whom he worked with for much of the next decade.Muhammad’s first recording as a leader, Black Rhythm Revolution!, was released by Prestige in 1970 and was followed by Peace and Rhythm in 1971. Both of these albums explored a range of styles and traditions found in jazz and New Orleans rhythms. Subsequent albums released on the Kudu imprint, Power of Soul, House of the Rising Sun, and Turn This Mutha Out, took a turn towards funk. These albums have subsequently become favourites of funk enthusiasts and have been heavily sampled by hip-hop artists.Towards the end of the 1970s, Muhammad joined Johnny Griffin's band and also spent time playing with Pharoah Sanders.By the 1980s, Muhammad had moved to Europe. He continued to regularly play and record, collaborating with the likes of Ahmad Jamal, Chico Freeman and Sonny Rollins.In 2011 he moved back to New Orleans. He died of kidney failure in 2014, aged 74, and was buried according to Islamic burial traditions.
Personal life
He changed his name to Idris Muhammad in the 1960s upon his conversion to Islam. Speaking on his name change, he later noted in an interview with Modern Drummer magazine, "One guy told me that if I changed my name, I was going to have a problem because no one would know that Leo Morris and Idris Muhammad were the same guy...But I thought, well, if I stay the same person, then people will know it’s me. And it worked like that. Everybody knew right away that it was me, because of my style of playing.”In 1966, he married singer Dolores "LaLa" Brooks, a former member of the Crystals. She converted to Islam with him and went for a time by the name Sakinah Muhammad. They separated in 1999. Together, they had two sons and two daughters; he also had a daughter from his first marriage to Gracie Lee Edwards. One son, also named Idris Muhammed, is a professional chef who has appeared on several cooking competition shows including Beat Bobby Flay and Chopped.Muhammad endorsed Istanbul Agop Cymbals.
Discography
As leader
1970: Black Rhythm Revolution! (Prestige)
1971: Peace and Rhythm (Prestige)
1974: Power of Soul (Kudu)
1976: House of the Rising Sun (Kudu)
1977: Turn This Mutha Out (Kudu)
1978: Boogie to the Top (Kudu)
1978: You Ain't No Friend of Mine (Fantasy)
1979: Foxhuntin' (Fantasy)
1980: Make It Count (Fantasy)
1980: Kabsha (Theresa)
1992: My Turn (Lipstick)
1998: Right Now (Cannonball)
As sideman
With Nat Adderley
Calling Out Loud (CTI, 1968)With Eric Alexander
Solid! (Milestone, 1998)With Gene Ammons
The Black Cat! (Prestige, 1970)
You Talk That Talk! (Prestige, 1971)
My Way (Prestige, 1971)
Got My Own (Prestige, 1972)
Big Bad Jug (Prestige, 1972)With George Benson
Goodies (Verve, 1968)
Tell It Like It Is (A&M, 1969)
The Other Side of Abbey Road (A&M, 1969)With Walter Bishop, Jr.
Bish Bash (Xanadu, 1968 [1975])
Coral Keys (Black Jazz, 1971)With Bobby Broom
Modern Man (Delmark, 2001)With Rusty Bryant
Soul Liberation (Prestige, 1970)
Fire Eater (Prestige, 1971)
Wild Fire (Prestige, 1971)With Donald Byrd
Fancy Free (Blue Note, 1969)With George Coleman
Manhattan Panorama (Theresa, 1985)With Hank Crawford
Help Me Make it Through the Night (Kudu, 1972)
Wildflower (Kudu, 1973)
I Hear a Symphony (Kudu, 1975)
Tight (Milestone, 1996)With Paul Desmond
Summertime (A&M/CTI, 1968)With Fats Domino
Blueberry Hill (1965)With Lou Donaldson
Fried Buzzard (Cadet, 1965)
Blowing in the Wind (Cadet, 1966)
Lou Donaldson At His Best (Cadet, 1966)
Alligator Bogaloo (Blue Note, 1967)
Mr. Shing-A-Ling (Blue Note, 1967)
Midnight Creeper (Blue Note, 1968)
Say It Loud! (Blue Note, 1968)
Hot Dog (Blue Note, 1969)
Everything I Play is Funky (Blue Note, 1970)
Pretty Things (Blue Note, 1970)
The Scorpion (Blue Note, 1970)
Cosmos (Blue Note, 1971)
Sweet Poppa Lou (Muse, 1981)With Charles Earland
Black Talk! (Prestige, 1969)With Grant Green
Carryin' On (Blue Note, 1969)
Green Is Beautiful (Blue Note, 1970)
Alive! (Blue Note, 1970)
Live at Club Mozambique (Blue Note 2006, recorded 1971)With Johnny Griffin
NYC Underground (Galaxy, 1979 [1981])
To the Ladies (Galaxy, 1979 [1982])With Roy Hargrove
Habana (Verve, 1997)With Benjamin Herman
Get In (1999)With John Hicks
Some Other Time (Theresa, 1981)
In Concert (Theresa, 1984 [1986])
Inc. 1 (DIW, 1985)
I'll Give You Something to Remember Me By (Limetree, 1987)
Is That So? (Timeless, 1991)With Andrew Hill
Grass Roots (Blue Note, 1968)With Richard "Groove" Holmes
Shippin' Out (Muse, 1978)With Freddie Hubbard
New Colors (Hip Bop Essence, 2001)With Bobbi Humphrey
Flute In (Blue Note, 1971)With Willis Jackson
Bar Wars (Muse, 1977)With Ahmad Jamal
The Essence Part One (Birdology, 1995)
Big Byrd: The Essence Part 2 (Birdology, 1995)
Nature: The Essence Part Three (Birdology, 1997)
Picture Perfect (Birdology, 2000)
Ahmad Jamal 70th Birthday/Olympia 2000 (Dreyfus, 2000)
In Search of Momentum (Dreyfus, 2002)
After Fajr (Dreyfus, 2005)
It's Magic (Dreyfus, 2008)With Bob James
One (CTI, 1974)
Touchdown (Tappan Zee, 1978)With J. J. Johnson and Kai Winding
Betwixt & Between (A&M/CTI, 1969)With Etta Jones
My Mother's Eyes (Muse, 1977)
If You Could See Me Now (Muse, 1978)With Rodney Jones
Soul Manifesto (1991)With Keystone Trio
Heart Beats (1995)
Newklear Music (1997)With Charles Kynard
Wa-Tu-Wa-Zui (Beautiful People) (Prestige, 1970)With Joe Lovano
Friendly Fire (Blue Note, 1998)
Flights of Fancy: Trio Fascination Edition Two (Blue Note, 2000)With Johnny Lytle
Fast Hands (Muse, 1980)
Good Vibes (Muse, 1982)With Harold Mabern
Workin' & Wailin' (Prestige, 1969)
Greasy Kid Stuff! (Prestige, 1970)With Roberto Magris
Mating Call (JMood, 2010)With Jimmy McGriff
City Lights (JAM, 1981)With Tete Montoliu
Catalonian Rhapsody (Alfa, 1992)With Tisziji Munoz
Visiting This Planet (Anami Music
Hearing Voices (Anami Music)With David "Fathead" Newman
Concrete Jungle (Prestige, 1978)
Keep the Dream Alive (Prestige, 1978)With Don Patterson
Why Not... (Muse, 1978)With Houston Person
Person to Person! (Prestige, 1970)
The Real Thing (Eastbound, 1973)
Wild Flower (Muse, 1977)With Ernest Ranglin
Below the Bassline (Island, 1998)With Roots
Stablemates (In+Out, 1993)With Pharoah Sanders
Jewels of Thought (Impulse!, 1969)
Journey to the One (Theresa, 1980)
Pharoah Sanders Live... (Theresa, 1982)
Heart is a Melody (Theresa, 1982)
Shukuru (Theresa, 1985)
Africa (Timeless, 1987)With Horace Silver
That Healin' Feelin' (Blue Note, 1970)With John Scofield
Groove Elation (Blue Note, 1995)With Shirley Scott
Lean on Me (Cadet, 1972)With Lonnie Smith
Turning Point (Blue Note, 1969)With Melvin Sparks
Sparks! (Prestige, 1970)
Spark Plug (Prestige, 1971)
Akilah! (Prestige, 1972)With Leon Spencer
Sneak Preview! (Prestige, 1970)
Louisiana Slim (Prestige, 1971)
Bad Walking Woman (Prestige, 1972)
Where I'm Coming From (Prestige, 1972)With Bob Stewart
First Line (JMT, 1988)With Sonny Stitt
Turn It On! (Prestige, 1971)
Black Vibrations (Prestige, 1971)
Goin' Down Slow (Prestige, 1972)With Gábor Szabó
Macho (Salvation, 1975)With Stanley Turrentine
Common Touch (Blue Note, 1968)
The Man with the Sad Face (Fantasy, 1976)With Randy Weston
Portraits of Duke Ellington (Verve, 1989)
Portraits of Thelonious Monk (Verve, 1989)
Self Portraits (Verve, 1989)
Spirits of Our Ancestors (Verve, 1991)With Reuben Wilson
Love Bug (Blue Note, 1969)
Sampled
Beastie Boys, Paul's Boutique, "To All the Girls" (Capitol, 1989)
References
External links
Interview in Allaboutjazz
Artist and album page of Lipstick Records
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
344
],
"text": [
"New Orleans"
]
}
|
Idris Muhammad (Arabic: إدريس محمد; born Leo Morris; November 13, 1939 – July 29, 2014) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. He had an extensive career performing jazz, funk, R&B, and soul music and recorded with musicians such as Ahmad Jamal, Lou Donaldson, Pharoah Sanders, Bob James, and Tete Montoliu.
Biography
Born Leo Morris in New Orleans, Idris Muhammad grew up in the city's 13th Ward in a home next door to a dry cleaner’s shop. He later would claim the sound of the shop’s steam presser influenced his hi-hat technique.Growing up, he spent time with fellow New Orleanians The Neville Brothers. Also interested in other instruments, he showed early talent as a percussionist, playing in a Mardi Gras parade at age 9.Muhammad asked Paul Barbarin to teach him to read music but Barbarin, who thought he was already so talented, declined.At the age of 14, Muhammad began his professional career by performing with The Hawketts on their iconic recording “Mardi Gras Mambo”. Two years later, in 1956, he played drums on Fats Domino's recording of "Blueberry Hill".After being introduced by Joe Jones, Muhammad began touring with Sam Cooke. Later he played with Jerry Butler and Curtis Mayfield in Chicago, working largely in R'n'B, before moving to New York City in the mid-1960s. In New York, Muhammad became embedded in the jazz scene playing with Kenny Dorham, Horace Silver, Lou Donaldson and Betty Carter. He also played in the Apollo Theatre's house band. In 1967, he accepted a job in the orchestra for the initial off-Broadway production of Hair and stayed with the production when it moved to Broadway.During this time, Muhammad was also in the Prestige label’s house band and made over 150 recordings for the Prestige, Blue Note, and CTI labels among others. He recorded with artists such as Lou Donaldson and Charles Earland who had begun merging jazz with sounds from funk, soul and rock. Muhammad also appeared as a sideman with artists such as Gene Ammons, Nat Adderley, and George Benson. Rudy Van Gelder often worked with Muhammad and had a special relationship with him. The producer greatly assisted with fine tuning Muhammad's recorded drum sound.After four years with Hair, Muhammad left the production to tour with Roberta Flack whom he worked with for much of the next decade.Muhammad’s first recording as a leader, Black Rhythm Revolution!, was released by Prestige in 1970 and was followed by Peace and Rhythm in 1971. Both of these albums explored a range of styles and traditions found in jazz and New Orleans rhythms. Subsequent albums released on the Kudu imprint, Power of Soul, House of the Rising Sun, and Turn This Mutha Out, took a turn towards funk. These albums have subsequently become favourites of funk enthusiasts and have been heavily sampled by hip-hop artists.Towards the end of the 1970s, Muhammad joined Johnny Griffin's band and also spent time playing with Pharoah Sanders.By the 1980s, Muhammad had moved to Europe. He continued to regularly play and record, collaborating with the likes of Ahmad Jamal, Chico Freeman and Sonny Rollins.In 2011 he moved back to New Orleans. He died of kidney failure in 2014, aged 74, and was buried according to Islamic burial traditions.
Personal life
He changed his name to Idris Muhammad in the 1960s upon his conversion to Islam. Speaking on his name change, he later noted in an interview with Modern Drummer magazine, "One guy told me that if I changed my name, I was going to have a problem because no one would know that Leo Morris and Idris Muhammad were the same guy...But I thought, well, if I stay the same person, then people will know it’s me. And it worked like that. Everybody knew right away that it was me, because of my style of playing.”In 1966, he married singer Dolores "LaLa" Brooks, a former member of the Crystals. She converted to Islam with him and went for a time by the name Sakinah Muhammad. They separated in 1999. Together, they had two sons and two daughters; he also had a daughter from his first marriage to Gracie Lee Edwards. One son, also named Idris Muhammed, is a professional chef who has appeared on several cooking competition shows including Beat Bobby Flay and Chopped.Muhammad endorsed Istanbul Agop Cymbals.
Discography
As leader
1970: Black Rhythm Revolution! (Prestige)
1971: Peace and Rhythm (Prestige)
1974: Power of Soul (Kudu)
1976: House of the Rising Sun (Kudu)
1977: Turn This Mutha Out (Kudu)
1978: Boogie to the Top (Kudu)
1978: You Ain't No Friend of Mine (Fantasy)
1979: Foxhuntin' (Fantasy)
1980: Make It Count (Fantasy)
1980: Kabsha (Theresa)
1992: My Turn (Lipstick)
1998: Right Now (Cannonball)
As sideman
With Nat Adderley
Calling Out Loud (CTI, 1968)With Eric Alexander
Solid! (Milestone, 1998)With Gene Ammons
The Black Cat! (Prestige, 1970)
You Talk That Talk! (Prestige, 1971)
My Way (Prestige, 1971)
Got My Own (Prestige, 1972)
Big Bad Jug (Prestige, 1972)With George Benson
Goodies (Verve, 1968)
Tell It Like It Is (A&M, 1969)
The Other Side of Abbey Road (A&M, 1969)With Walter Bishop, Jr.
Bish Bash (Xanadu, 1968 [1975])
Coral Keys (Black Jazz, 1971)With Bobby Broom
Modern Man (Delmark, 2001)With Rusty Bryant
Soul Liberation (Prestige, 1970)
Fire Eater (Prestige, 1971)
Wild Fire (Prestige, 1971)With Donald Byrd
Fancy Free (Blue Note, 1969)With George Coleman
Manhattan Panorama (Theresa, 1985)With Hank Crawford
Help Me Make it Through the Night (Kudu, 1972)
Wildflower (Kudu, 1973)
I Hear a Symphony (Kudu, 1975)
Tight (Milestone, 1996)With Paul Desmond
Summertime (A&M/CTI, 1968)With Fats Domino
Blueberry Hill (1965)With Lou Donaldson
Fried Buzzard (Cadet, 1965)
Blowing in the Wind (Cadet, 1966)
Lou Donaldson At His Best (Cadet, 1966)
Alligator Bogaloo (Blue Note, 1967)
Mr. Shing-A-Ling (Blue Note, 1967)
Midnight Creeper (Blue Note, 1968)
Say It Loud! (Blue Note, 1968)
Hot Dog (Blue Note, 1969)
Everything I Play is Funky (Blue Note, 1970)
Pretty Things (Blue Note, 1970)
The Scorpion (Blue Note, 1970)
Cosmos (Blue Note, 1971)
Sweet Poppa Lou (Muse, 1981)With Charles Earland
Black Talk! (Prestige, 1969)With Grant Green
Carryin' On (Blue Note, 1969)
Green Is Beautiful (Blue Note, 1970)
Alive! (Blue Note, 1970)
Live at Club Mozambique (Blue Note 2006, recorded 1971)With Johnny Griffin
NYC Underground (Galaxy, 1979 [1981])
To the Ladies (Galaxy, 1979 [1982])With Roy Hargrove
Habana (Verve, 1997)With Benjamin Herman
Get In (1999)With John Hicks
Some Other Time (Theresa, 1981)
In Concert (Theresa, 1984 [1986])
Inc. 1 (DIW, 1985)
I'll Give You Something to Remember Me By (Limetree, 1987)
Is That So? (Timeless, 1991)With Andrew Hill
Grass Roots (Blue Note, 1968)With Richard "Groove" Holmes
Shippin' Out (Muse, 1978)With Freddie Hubbard
New Colors (Hip Bop Essence, 2001)With Bobbi Humphrey
Flute In (Blue Note, 1971)With Willis Jackson
Bar Wars (Muse, 1977)With Ahmad Jamal
The Essence Part One (Birdology, 1995)
Big Byrd: The Essence Part 2 (Birdology, 1995)
Nature: The Essence Part Three (Birdology, 1997)
Picture Perfect (Birdology, 2000)
Ahmad Jamal 70th Birthday/Olympia 2000 (Dreyfus, 2000)
In Search of Momentum (Dreyfus, 2002)
After Fajr (Dreyfus, 2005)
It's Magic (Dreyfus, 2008)With Bob James
One (CTI, 1974)
Touchdown (Tappan Zee, 1978)With J. J. Johnson and Kai Winding
Betwixt & Between (A&M/CTI, 1969)With Etta Jones
My Mother's Eyes (Muse, 1977)
If You Could See Me Now (Muse, 1978)With Rodney Jones
Soul Manifesto (1991)With Keystone Trio
Heart Beats (1995)
Newklear Music (1997)With Charles Kynard
Wa-Tu-Wa-Zui (Beautiful People) (Prestige, 1970)With Joe Lovano
Friendly Fire (Blue Note, 1998)
Flights of Fancy: Trio Fascination Edition Two (Blue Note, 2000)With Johnny Lytle
Fast Hands (Muse, 1980)
Good Vibes (Muse, 1982)With Harold Mabern
Workin' & Wailin' (Prestige, 1969)
Greasy Kid Stuff! (Prestige, 1970)With Roberto Magris
Mating Call (JMood, 2010)With Jimmy McGriff
City Lights (JAM, 1981)With Tete Montoliu
Catalonian Rhapsody (Alfa, 1992)With Tisziji Munoz
Visiting This Planet (Anami Music
Hearing Voices (Anami Music)With David "Fathead" Newman
Concrete Jungle (Prestige, 1978)
Keep the Dream Alive (Prestige, 1978)With Don Patterson
Why Not... (Muse, 1978)With Houston Person
Person to Person! (Prestige, 1970)
The Real Thing (Eastbound, 1973)
Wild Flower (Muse, 1977)With Ernest Ranglin
Below the Bassline (Island, 1998)With Roots
Stablemates (In+Out, 1993)With Pharoah Sanders
Jewels of Thought (Impulse!, 1969)
Journey to the One (Theresa, 1980)
Pharoah Sanders Live... (Theresa, 1982)
Heart is a Melody (Theresa, 1982)
Shukuru (Theresa, 1985)
Africa (Timeless, 1987)With Horace Silver
That Healin' Feelin' (Blue Note, 1970)With John Scofield
Groove Elation (Blue Note, 1995)With Shirley Scott
Lean on Me (Cadet, 1972)With Lonnie Smith
Turning Point (Blue Note, 1969)With Melvin Sparks
Sparks! (Prestige, 1970)
Spark Plug (Prestige, 1971)
Akilah! (Prestige, 1972)With Leon Spencer
Sneak Preview! (Prestige, 1970)
Louisiana Slim (Prestige, 1971)
Bad Walking Woman (Prestige, 1972)
Where I'm Coming From (Prestige, 1972)With Bob Stewart
First Line (JMT, 1988)With Sonny Stitt
Turn It On! (Prestige, 1971)
Black Vibrations (Prestige, 1971)
Goin' Down Slow (Prestige, 1972)With Gábor Szabó
Macho (Salvation, 1975)With Stanley Turrentine
Common Touch (Blue Note, 1968)
The Man with the Sad Face (Fantasy, 1976)With Randy Weston
Portraits of Duke Ellington (Verve, 1989)
Portraits of Thelonious Monk (Verve, 1989)
Self Portraits (Verve, 1989)
Spirits of Our Ancestors (Verve, 1991)With Reuben Wilson
Love Bug (Blue Note, 1969)
Sampled
Beastie Boys, Paul's Boutique, "To All the Girls" (Capitol, 1989)
References
External links
Interview in Allaboutjazz
Artist and album page of Lipstick Records
|
place of death
|
{
"answer_start": [
344
],
"text": [
"New Orleans"
]
}
|
Idris Muhammad (Arabic: إدريس محمد; born Leo Morris; November 13, 1939 – July 29, 2014) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. He had an extensive career performing jazz, funk, R&B, and soul music and recorded with musicians such as Ahmad Jamal, Lou Donaldson, Pharoah Sanders, Bob James, and Tete Montoliu.
Biography
Born Leo Morris in New Orleans, Idris Muhammad grew up in the city's 13th Ward in a home next door to a dry cleaner’s shop. He later would claim the sound of the shop’s steam presser influenced his hi-hat technique.Growing up, he spent time with fellow New Orleanians The Neville Brothers. Also interested in other instruments, he showed early talent as a percussionist, playing in a Mardi Gras parade at age 9.Muhammad asked Paul Barbarin to teach him to read music but Barbarin, who thought he was already so talented, declined.At the age of 14, Muhammad began his professional career by performing with The Hawketts on their iconic recording “Mardi Gras Mambo”. Two years later, in 1956, he played drums on Fats Domino's recording of "Blueberry Hill".After being introduced by Joe Jones, Muhammad began touring with Sam Cooke. Later he played with Jerry Butler and Curtis Mayfield in Chicago, working largely in R'n'B, before moving to New York City in the mid-1960s. In New York, Muhammad became embedded in the jazz scene playing with Kenny Dorham, Horace Silver, Lou Donaldson and Betty Carter. He also played in the Apollo Theatre's house band. In 1967, he accepted a job in the orchestra for the initial off-Broadway production of Hair and stayed with the production when it moved to Broadway.During this time, Muhammad was also in the Prestige label’s house band and made over 150 recordings for the Prestige, Blue Note, and CTI labels among others. He recorded with artists such as Lou Donaldson and Charles Earland who had begun merging jazz with sounds from funk, soul and rock. Muhammad also appeared as a sideman with artists such as Gene Ammons, Nat Adderley, and George Benson. Rudy Van Gelder often worked with Muhammad and had a special relationship with him. The producer greatly assisted with fine tuning Muhammad's recorded drum sound.After four years with Hair, Muhammad left the production to tour with Roberta Flack whom he worked with for much of the next decade.Muhammad’s first recording as a leader, Black Rhythm Revolution!, was released by Prestige in 1970 and was followed by Peace and Rhythm in 1971. Both of these albums explored a range of styles and traditions found in jazz and New Orleans rhythms. Subsequent albums released on the Kudu imprint, Power of Soul, House of the Rising Sun, and Turn This Mutha Out, took a turn towards funk. These albums have subsequently become favourites of funk enthusiasts and have been heavily sampled by hip-hop artists.Towards the end of the 1970s, Muhammad joined Johnny Griffin's band and also spent time playing with Pharoah Sanders.By the 1980s, Muhammad had moved to Europe. He continued to regularly play and record, collaborating with the likes of Ahmad Jamal, Chico Freeman and Sonny Rollins.In 2011 he moved back to New Orleans. He died of kidney failure in 2014, aged 74, and was buried according to Islamic burial traditions.
Personal life
He changed his name to Idris Muhammad in the 1960s upon his conversion to Islam. Speaking on his name change, he later noted in an interview with Modern Drummer magazine, "One guy told me that if I changed my name, I was going to have a problem because no one would know that Leo Morris and Idris Muhammad were the same guy...But I thought, well, if I stay the same person, then people will know it’s me. And it worked like that. Everybody knew right away that it was me, because of my style of playing.”In 1966, he married singer Dolores "LaLa" Brooks, a former member of the Crystals. She converted to Islam with him and went for a time by the name Sakinah Muhammad. They separated in 1999. Together, they had two sons and two daughters; he also had a daughter from his first marriage to Gracie Lee Edwards. One son, also named Idris Muhammed, is a professional chef who has appeared on several cooking competition shows including Beat Bobby Flay and Chopped.Muhammad endorsed Istanbul Agop Cymbals.
Discography
As leader
1970: Black Rhythm Revolution! (Prestige)
1971: Peace and Rhythm (Prestige)
1974: Power of Soul (Kudu)
1976: House of the Rising Sun (Kudu)
1977: Turn This Mutha Out (Kudu)
1978: Boogie to the Top (Kudu)
1978: You Ain't No Friend of Mine (Fantasy)
1979: Foxhuntin' (Fantasy)
1980: Make It Count (Fantasy)
1980: Kabsha (Theresa)
1992: My Turn (Lipstick)
1998: Right Now (Cannonball)
As sideman
With Nat Adderley
Calling Out Loud (CTI, 1968)With Eric Alexander
Solid! (Milestone, 1998)With Gene Ammons
The Black Cat! (Prestige, 1970)
You Talk That Talk! (Prestige, 1971)
My Way (Prestige, 1971)
Got My Own (Prestige, 1972)
Big Bad Jug (Prestige, 1972)With George Benson
Goodies (Verve, 1968)
Tell It Like It Is (A&M, 1969)
The Other Side of Abbey Road (A&M, 1969)With Walter Bishop, Jr.
Bish Bash (Xanadu, 1968 [1975])
Coral Keys (Black Jazz, 1971)With Bobby Broom
Modern Man (Delmark, 2001)With Rusty Bryant
Soul Liberation (Prestige, 1970)
Fire Eater (Prestige, 1971)
Wild Fire (Prestige, 1971)With Donald Byrd
Fancy Free (Blue Note, 1969)With George Coleman
Manhattan Panorama (Theresa, 1985)With Hank Crawford
Help Me Make it Through the Night (Kudu, 1972)
Wildflower (Kudu, 1973)
I Hear a Symphony (Kudu, 1975)
Tight (Milestone, 1996)With Paul Desmond
Summertime (A&M/CTI, 1968)With Fats Domino
Blueberry Hill (1965)With Lou Donaldson
Fried Buzzard (Cadet, 1965)
Blowing in the Wind (Cadet, 1966)
Lou Donaldson At His Best (Cadet, 1966)
Alligator Bogaloo (Blue Note, 1967)
Mr. Shing-A-Ling (Blue Note, 1967)
Midnight Creeper (Blue Note, 1968)
Say It Loud! (Blue Note, 1968)
Hot Dog (Blue Note, 1969)
Everything I Play is Funky (Blue Note, 1970)
Pretty Things (Blue Note, 1970)
The Scorpion (Blue Note, 1970)
Cosmos (Blue Note, 1971)
Sweet Poppa Lou (Muse, 1981)With Charles Earland
Black Talk! (Prestige, 1969)With Grant Green
Carryin' On (Blue Note, 1969)
Green Is Beautiful (Blue Note, 1970)
Alive! (Blue Note, 1970)
Live at Club Mozambique (Blue Note 2006, recorded 1971)With Johnny Griffin
NYC Underground (Galaxy, 1979 [1981])
To the Ladies (Galaxy, 1979 [1982])With Roy Hargrove
Habana (Verve, 1997)With Benjamin Herman
Get In (1999)With John Hicks
Some Other Time (Theresa, 1981)
In Concert (Theresa, 1984 [1986])
Inc. 1 (DIW, 1985)
I'll Give You Something to Remember Me By (Limetree, 1987)
Is That So? (Timeless, 1991)With Andrew Hill
Grass Roots (Blue Note, 1968)With Richard "Groove" Holmes
Shippin' Out (Muse, 1978)With Freddie Hubbard
New Colors (Hip Bop Essence, 2001)With Bobbi Humphrey
Flute In (Blue Note, 1971)With Willis Jackson
Bar Wars (Muse, 1977)With Ahmad Jamal
The Essence Part One (Birdology, 1995)
Big Byrd: The Essence Part 2 (Birdology, 1995)
Nature: The Essence Part Three (Birdology, 1997)
Picture Perfect (Birdology, 2000)
Ahmad Jamal 70th Birthday/Olympia 2000 (Dreyfus, 2000)
In Search of Momentum (Dreyfus, 2002)
After Fajr (Dreyfus, 2005)
It's Magic (Dreyfus, 2008)With Bob James
One (CTI, 1974)
Touchdown (Tappan Zee, 1978)With J. J. Johnson and Kai Winding
Betwixt & Between (A&M/CTI, 1969)With Etta Jones
My Mother's Eyes (Muse, 1977)
If You Could See Me Now (Muse, 1978)With Rodney Jones
Soul Manifesto (1991)With Keystone Trio
Heart Beats (1995)
Newklear Music (1997)With Charles Kynard
Wa-Tu-Wa-Zui (Beautiful People) (Prestige, 1970)With Joe Lovano
Friendly Fire (Blue Note, 1998)
Flights of Fancy: Trio Fascination Edition Two (Blue Note, 2000)With Johnny Lytle
Fast Hands (Muse, 1980)
Good Vibes (Muse, 1982)With Harold Mabern
Workin' & Wailin' (Prestige, 1969)
Greasy Kid Stuff! (Prestige, 1970)With Roberto Magris
Mating Call (JMood, 2010)With Jimmy McGriff
City Lights (JAM, 1981)With Tete Montoliu
Catalonian Rhapsody (Alfa, 1992)With Tisziji Munoz
Visiting This Planet (Anami Music
Hearing Voices (Anami Music)With David "Fathead" Newman
Concrete Jungle (Prestige, 1978)
Keep the Dream Alive (Prestige, 1978)With Don Patterson
Why Not... (Muse, 1978)With Houston Person
Person to Person! (Prestige, 1970)
The Real Thing (Eastbound, 1973)
Wild Flower (Muse, 1977)With Ernest Ranglin
Below the Bassline (Island, 1998)With Roots
Stablemates (In+Out, 1993)With Pharoah Sanders
Jewels of Thought (Impulse!, 1969)
Journey to the One (Theresa, 1980)
Pharoah Sanders Live... (Theresa, 1982)
Heart is a Melody (Theresa, 1982)
Shukuru (Theresa, 1985)
Africa (Timeless, 1987)With Horace Silver
That Healin' Feelin' (Blue Note, 1970)With John Scofield
Groove Elation (Blue Note, 1995)With Shirley Scott
Lean on Me (Cadet, 1972)With Lonnie Smith
Turning Point (Blue Note, 1969)With Melvin Sparks
Sparks! (Prestige, 1970)
Spark Plug (Prestige, 1971)
Akilah! (Prestige, 1972)With Leon Spencer
Sneak Preview! (Prestige, 1970)
Louisiana Slim (Prestige, 1971)
Bad Walking Woman (Prestige, 1972)
Where I'm Coming From (Prestige, 1972)With Bob Stewart
First Line (JMT, 1988)With Sonny Stitt
Turn It On! (Prestige, 1971)
Black Vibrations (Prestige, 1971)
Goin' Down Slow (Prestige, 1972)With Gábor Szabó
Macho (Salvation, 1975)With Stanley Turrentine
Common Touch (Blue Note, 1968)
The Man with the Sad Face (Fantasy, 1976)With Randy Weston
Portraits of Duke Ellington (Verve, 1989)
Portraits of Thelonious Monk (Verve, 1989)
Self Portraits (Verve, 1989)
Spirits of Our Ancestors (Verve, 1991)With Reuben Wilson
Love Bug (Blue Note, 1969)
Sampled
Beastie Boys, Paul's Boutique, "To All the Girls" (Capitol, 1989)
References
External links
Interview in Allaboutjazz
Artist and album page of Lipstick Records
|
genre
|
{
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"jazz"
]
}
|
Idris Muhammad (Arabic: إدريس محمد; born Leo Morris; November 13, 1939 – July 29, 2014) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. He had an extensive career performing jazz, funk, R&B, and soul music and recorded with musicians such as Ahmad Jamal, Lou Donaldson, Pharoah Sanders, Bob James, and Tete Montoliu.
Biography
Born Leo Morris in New Orleans, Idris Muhammad grew up in the city's 13th Ward in a home next door to a dry cleaner’s shop. He later would claim the sound of the shop’s steam presser influenced his hi-hat technique.Growing up, he spent time with fellow New Orleanians The Neville Brothers. Also interested in other instruments, he showed early talent as a percussionist, playing in a Mardi Gras parade at age 9.Muhammad asked Paul Barbarin to teach him to read music but Barbarin, who thought he was already so talented, declined.At the age of 14, Muhammad began his professional career by performing with The Hawketts on their iconic recording “Mardi Gras Mambo”. Two years later, in 1956, he played drums on Fats Domino's recording of "Blueberry Hill".After being introduced by Joe Jones, Muhammad began touring with Sam Cooke. Later he played with Jerry Butler and Curtis Mayfield in Chicago, working largely in R'n'B, before moving to New York City in the mid-1960s. In New York, Muhammad became embedded in the jazz scene playing with Kenny Dorham, Horace Silver, Lou Donaldson and Betty Carter. He also played in the Apollo Theatre's house band. In 1967, he accepted a job in the orchestra for the initial off-Broadway production of Hair and stayed with the production when it moved to Broadway.During this time, Muhammad was also in the Prestige label’s house band and made over 150 recordings for the Prestige, Blue Note, and CTI labels among others. He recorded with artists such as Lou Donaldson and Charles Earland who had begun merging jazz with sounds from funk, soul and rock. Muhammad also appeared as a sideman with artists such as Gene Ammons, Nat Adderley, and George Benson. Rudy Van Gelder often worked with Muhammad and had a special relationship with him. The producer greatly assisted with fine tuning Muhammad's recorded drum sound.After four years with Hair, Muhammad left the production to tour with Roberta Flack whom he worked with for much of the next decade.Muhammad’s first recording as a leader, Black Rhythm Revolution!, was released by Prestige in 1970 and was followed by Peace and Rhythm in 1971. Both of these albums explored a range of styles and traditions found in jazz and New Orleans rhythms. Subsequent albums released on the Kudu imprint, Power of Soul, House of the Rising Sun, and Turn This Mutha Out, took a turn towards funk. These albums have subsequently become favourites of funk enthusiasts and have been heavily sampled by hip-hop artists.Towards the end of the 1970s, Muhammad joined Johnny Griffin's band and also spent time playing with Pharoah Sanders.By the 1980s, Muhammad had moved to Europe. He continued to regularly play and record, collaborating with the likes of Ahmad Jamal, Chico Freeman and Sonny Rollins.In 2011 he moved back to New Orleans. He died of kidney failure in 2014, aged 74, and was buried according to Islamic burial traditions.
Personal life
He changed his name to Idris Muhammad in the 1960s upon his conversion to Islam. Speaking on his name change, he later noted in an interview with Modern Drummer magazine, "One guy told me that if I changed my name, I was going to have a problem because no one would know that Leo Morris and Idris Muhammad were the same guy...But I thought, well, if I stay the same person, then people will know it’s me. And it worked like that. Everybody knew right away that it was me, because of my style of playing.”In 1966, he married singer Dolores "LaLa" Brooks, a former member of the Crystals. She converted to Islam with him and went for a time by the name Sakinah Muhammad. They separated in 1999. Together, they had two sons and two daughters; he also had a daughter from his first marriage to Gracie Lee Edwards. One son, also named Idris Muhammed, is a professional chef who has appeared on several cooking competition shows including Beat Bobby Flay and Chopped.Muhammad endorsed Istanbul Agop Cymbals.
Discography
As leader
1970: Black Rhythm Revolution! (Prestige)
1971: Peace and Rhythm (Prestige)
1974: Power of Soul (Kudu)
1976: House of the Rising Sun (Kudu)
1977: Turn This Mutha Out (Kudu)
1978: Boogie to the Top (Kudu)
1978: You Ain't No Friend of Mine (Fantasy)
1979: Foxhuntin' (Fantasy)
1980: Make It Count (Fantasy)
1980: Kabsha (Theresa)
1992: My Turn (Lipstick)
1998: Right Now (Cannonball)
As sideman
With Nat Adderley
Calling Out Loud (CTI, 1968)With Eric Alexander
Solid! (Milestone, 1998)With Gene Ammons
The Black Cat! (Prestige, 1970)
You Talk That Talk! (Prestige, 1971)
My Way (Prestige, 1971)
Got My Own (Prestige, 1972)
Big Bad Jug (Prestige, 1972)With George Benson
Goodies (Verve, 1968)
Tell It Like It Is (A&M, 1969)
The Other Side of Abbey Road (A&M, 1969)With Walter Bishop, Jr.
Bish Bash (Xanadu, 1968 [1975])
Coral Keys (Black Jazz, 1971)With Bobby Broom
Modern Man (Delmark, 2001)With Rusty Bryant
Soul Liberation (Prestige, 1970)
Fire Eater (Prestige, 1971)
Wild Fire (Prestige, 1971)With Donald Byrd
Fancy Free (Blue Note, 1969)With George Coleman
Manhattan Panorama (Theresa, 1985)With Hank Crawford
Help Me Make it Through the Night (Kudu, 1972)
Wildflower (Kudu, 1973)
I Hear a Symphony (Kudu, 1975)
Tight (Milestone, 1996)With Paul Desmond
Summertime (A&M/CTI, 1968)With Fats Domino
Blueberry Hill (1965)With Lou Donaldson
Fried Buzzard (Cadet, 1965)
Blowing in the Wind (Cadet, 1966)
Lou Donaldson At His Best (Cadet, 1966)
Alligator Bogaloo (Blue Note, 1967)
Mr. Shing-A-Ling (Blue Note, 1967)
Midnight Creeper (Blue Note, 1968)
Say It Loud! (Blue Note, 1968)
Hot Dog (Blue Note, 1969)
Everything I Play is Funky (Blue Note, 1970)
Pretty Things (Blue Note, 1970)
The Scorpion (Blue Note, 1970)
Cosmos (Blue Note, 1971)
Sweet Poppa Lou (Muse, 1981)With Charles Earland
Black Talk! (Prestige, 1969)With Grant Green
Carryin' On (Blue Note, 1969)
Green Is Beautiful (Blue Note, 1970)
Alive! (Blue Note, 1970)
Live at Club Mozambique (Blue Note 2006, recorded 1971)With Johnny Griffin
NYC Underground (Galaxy, 1979 [1981])
To the Ladies (Galaxy, 1979 [1982])With Roy Hargrove
Habana (Verve, 1997)With Benjamin Herman
Get In (1999)With John Hicks
Some Other Time (Theresa, 1981)
In Concert (Theresa, 1984 [1986])
Inc. 1 (DIW, 1985)
I'll Give You Something to Remember Me By (Limetree, 1987)
Is That So? (Timeless, 1991)With Andrew Hill
Grass Roots (Blue Note, 1968)With Richard "Groove" Holmes
Shippin' Out (Muse, 1978)With Freddie Hubbard
New Colors (Hip Bop Essence, 2001)With Bobbi Humphrey
Flute In (Blue Note, 1971)With Willis Jackson
Bar Wars (Muse, 1977)With Ahmad Jamal
The Essence Part One (Birdology, 1995)
Big Byrd: The Essence Part 2 (Birdology, 1995)
Nature: The Essence Part Three (Birdology, 1997)
Picture Perfect (Birdology, 2000)
Ahmad Jamal 70th Birthday/Olympia 2000 (Dreyfus, 2000)
In Search of Momentum (Dreyfus, 2002)
After Fajr (Dreyfus, 2005)
It's Magic (Dreyfus, 2008)With Bob James
One (CTI, 1974)
Touchdown (Tappan Zee, 1978)With J. J. Johnson and Kai Winding
Betwixt & Between (A&M/CTI, 1969)With Etta Jones
My Mother's Eyes (Muse, 1977)
If You Could See Me Now (Muse, 1978)With Rodney Jones
Soul Manifesto (1991)With Keystone Trio
Heart Beats (1995)
Newklear Music (1997)With Charles Kynard
Wa-Tu-Wa-Zui (Beautiful People) (Prestige, 1970)With Joe Lovano
Friendly Fire (Blue Note, 1998)
Flights of Fancy: Trio Fascination Edition Two (Blue Note, 2000)With Johnny Lytle
Fast Hands (Muse, 1980)
Good Vibes (Muse, 1982)With Harold Mabern
Workin' & Wailin' (Prestige, 1969)
Greasy Kid Stuff! (Prestige, 1970)With Roberto Magris
Mating Call (JMood, 2010)With Jimmy McGriff
City Lights (JAM, 1981)With Tete Montoliu
Catalonian Rhapsody (Alfa, 1992)With Tisziji Munoz
Visiting This Planet (Anami Music
Hearing Voices (Anami Music)With David "Fathead" Newman
Concrete Jungle (Prestige, 1978)
Keep the Dream Alive (Prestige, 1978)With Don Patterson
Why Not... (Muse, 1978)With Houston Person
Person to Person! (Prestige, 1970)
The Real Thing (Eastbound, 1973)
Wild Flower (Muse, 1977)With Ernest Ranglin
Below the Bassline (Island, 1998)With Roots
Stablemates (In+Out, 1993)With Pharoah Sanders
Jewels of Thought (Impulse!, 1969)
Journey to the One (Theresa, 1980)
Pharoah Sanders Live... (Theresa, 1982)
Heart is a Melody (Theresa, 1982)
Shukuru (Theresa, 1985)
Africa (Timeless, 1987)With Horace Silver
That Healin' Feelin' (Blue Note, 1970)With John Scofield
Groove Elation (Blue Note, 1995)With Shirley Scott
Lean on Me (Cadet, 1972)With Lonnie Smith
Turning Point (Blue Note, 1969)With Melvin Sparks
Sparks! (Prestige, 1970)
Spark Plug (Prestige, 1971)
Akilah! (Prestige, 1972)With Leon Spencer
Sneak Preview! (Prestige, 1970)
Louisiana Slim (Prestige, 1971)
Bad Walking Woman (Prestige, 1972)
Where I'm Coming From (Prestige, 1972)With Bob Stewart
First Line (JMT, 1988)With Sonny Stitt
Turn It On! (Prestige, 1971)
Black Vibrations (Prestige, 1971)
Goin' Down Slow (Prestige, 1972)With Gábor Szabó
Macho (Salvation, 1975)With Stanley Turrentine
Common Touch (Blue Note, 1968)
The Man with the Sad Face (Fantasy, 1976)With Randy Weston
Portraits of Duke Ellington (Verve, 1989)
Portraits of Thelonious Monk (Verve, 1989)
Self Portraits (Verve, 1989)
Spirits of Our Ancestors (Verve, 1991)With Reuben Wilson
Love Bug (Blue Note, 1969)
Sampled
Beastie Boys, Paul's Boutique, "To All the Girls" (Capitol, 1989)
References
External links
Interview in Allaboutjazz
Artist and album page of Lipstick Records
|
religion or worldview
|
{
"answer_start": [
3208
],
"text": [
"Islam"
]
}
|
Idris Muhammad (Arabic: إدريس محمد; born Leo Morris; November 13, 1939 – July 29, 2014) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. He had an extensive career performing jazz, funk, R&B, and soul music and recorded with musicians such as Ahmad Jamal, Lou Donaldson, Pharoah Sanders, Bob James, and Tete Montoliu.
Biography
Born Leo Morris in New Orleans, Idris Muhammad grew up in the city's 13th Ward in a home next door to a dry cleaner’s shop. He later would claim the sound of the shop’s steam presser influenced his hi-hat technique.Growing up, he spent time with fellow New Orleanians The Neville Brothers. Also interested in other instruments, he showed early talent as a percussionist, playing in a Mardi Gras parade at age 9.Muhammad asked Paul Barbarin to teach him to read music but Barbarin, who thought he was already so talented, declined.At the age of 14, Muhammad began his professional career by performing with The Hawketts on their iconic recording “Mardi Gras Mambo”. Two years later, in 1956, he played drums on Fats Domino's recording of "Blueberry Hill".After being introduced by Joe Jones, Muhammad began touring with Sam Cooke. Later he played with Jerry Butler and Curtis Mayfield in Chicago, working largely in R'n'B, before moving to New York City in the mid-1960s. In New York, Muhammad became embedded in the jazz scene playing with Kenny Dorham, Horace Silver, Lou Donaldson and Betty Carter. He also played in the Apollo Theatre's house band. In 1967, he accepted a job in the orchestra for the initial off-Broadway production of Hair and stayed with the production when it moved to Broadway.During this time, Muhammad was also in the Prestige label’s house band and made over 150 recordings for the Prestige, Blue Note, and CTI labels among others. He recorded with artists such as Lou Donaldson and Charles Earland who had begun merging jazz with sounds from funk, soul and rock. Muhammad also appeared as a sideman with artists such as Gene Ammons, Nat Adderley, and George Benson. Rudy Van Gelder often worked with Muhammad and had a special relationship with him. The producer greatly assisted with fine tuning Muhammad's recorded drum sound.After four years with Hair, Muhammad left the production to tour with Roberta Flack whom he worked with for much of the next decade.Muhammad’s first recording as a leader, Black Rhythm Revolution!, was released by Prestige in 1970 and was followed by Peace and Rhythm in 1971. Both of these albums explored a range of styles and traditions found in jazz and New Orleans rhythms. Subsequent albums released on the Kudu imprint, Power of Soul, House of the Rising Sun, and Turn This Mutha Out, took a turn towards funk. These albums have subsequently become favourites of funk enthusiasts and have been heavily sampled by hip-hop artists.Towards the end of the 1970s, Muhammad joined Johnny Griffin's band and also spent time playing with Pharoah Sanders.By the 1980s, Muhammad had moved to Europe. He continued to regularly play and record, collaborating with the likes of Ahmad Jamal, Chico Freeman and Sonny Rollins.In 2011 he moved back to New Orleans. He died of kidney failure in 2014, aged 74, and was buried according to Islamic burial traditions.
Personal life
He changed his name to Idris Muhammad in the 1960s upon his conversion to Islam. Speaking on his name change, he later noted in an interview with Modern Drummer magazine, "One guy told me that if I changed my name, I was going to have a problem because no one would know that Leo Morris and Idris Muhammad were the same guy...But I thought, well, if I stay the same person, then people will know it’s me. And it worked like that. Everybody knew right away that it was me, because of my style of playing.”In 1966, he married singer Dolores "LaLa" Brooks, a former member of the Crystals. She converted to Islam with him and went for a time by the name Sakinah Muhammad. They separated in 1999. Together, they had two sons and two daughters; he also had a daughter from his first marriage to Gracie Lee Edwards. One son, also named Idris Muhammed, is a professional chef who has appeared on several cooking competition shows including Beat Bobby Flay and Chopped.Muhammad endorsed Istanbul Agop Cymbals.
Discography
As leader
1970: Black Rhythm Revolution! (Prestige)
1971: Peace and Rhythm (Prestige)
1974: Power of Soul (Kudu)
1976: House of the Rising Sun (Kudu)
1977: Turn This Mutha Out (Kudu)
1978: Boogie to the Top (Kudu)
1978: You Ain't No Friend of Mine (Fantasy)
1979: Foxhuntin' (Fantasy)
1980: Make It Count (Fantasy)
1980: Kabsha (Theresa)
1992: My Turn (Lipstick)
1998: Right Now (Cannonball)
As sideman
With Nat Adderley
Calling Out Loud (CTI, 1968)With Eric Alexander
Solid! (Milestone, 1998)With Gene Ammons
The Black Cat! (Prestige, 1970)
You Talk That Talk! (Prestige, 1971)
My Way (Prestige, 1971)
Got My Own (Prestige, 1972)
Big Bad Jug (Prestige, 1972)With George Benson
Goodies (Verve, 1968)
Tell It Like It Is (A&M, 1969)
The Other Side of Abbey Road (A&M, 1969)With Walter Bishop, Jr.
Bish Bash (Xanadu, 1968 [1975])
Coral Keys (Black Jazz, 1971)With Bobby Broom
Modern Man (Delmark, 2001)With Rusty Bryant
Soul Liberation (Prestige, 1970)
Fire Eater (Prestige, 1971)
Wild Fire (Prestige, 1971)With Donald Byrd
Fancy Free (Blue Note, 1969)With George Coleman
Manhattan Panorama (Theresa, 1985)With Hank Crawford
Help Me Make it Through the Night (Kudu, 1972)
Wildflower (Kudu, 1973)
I Hear a Symphony (Kudu, 1975)
Tight (Milestone, 1996)With Paul Desmond
Summertime (A&M/CTI, 1968)With Fats Domino
Blueberry Hill (1965)With Lou Donaldson
Fried Buzzard (Cadet, 1965)
Blowing in the Wind (Cadet, 1966)
Lou Donaldson At His Best (Cadet, 1966)
Alligator Bogaloo (Blue Note, 1967)
Mr. Shing-A-Ling (Blue Note, 1967)
Midnight Creeper (Blue Note, 1968)
Say It Loud! (Blue Note, 1968)
Hot Dog (Blue Note, 1969)
Everything I Play is Funky (Blue Note, 1970)
Pretty Things (Blue Note, 1970)
The Scorpion (Blue Note, 1970)
Cosmos (Blue Note, 1971)
Sweet Poppa Lou (Muse, 1981)With Charles Earland
Black Talk! (Prestige, 1969)With Grant Green
Carryin' On (Blue Note, 1969)
Green Is Beautiful (Blue Note, 1970)
Alive! (Blue Note, 1970)
Live at Club Mozambique (Blue Note 2006, recorded 1971)With Johnny Griffin
NYC Underground (Galaxy, 1979 [1981])
To the Ladies (Galaxy, 1979 [1982])With Roy Hargrove
Habana (Verve, 1997)With Benjamin Herman
Get In (1999)With John Hicks
Some Other Time (Theresa, 1981)
In Concert (Theresa, 1984 [1986])
Inc. 1 (DIW, 1985)
I'll Give You Something to Remember Me By (Limetree, 1987)
Is That So? (Timeless, 1991)With Andrew Hill
Grass Roots (Blue Note, 1968)With Richard "Groove" Holmes
Shippin' Out (Muse, 1978)With Freddie Hubbard
New Colors (Hip Bop Essence, 2001)With Bobbi Humphrey
Flute In (Blue Note, 1971)With Willis Jackson
Bar Wars (Muse, 1977)With Ahmad Jamal
The Essence Part One (Birdology, 1995)
Big Byrd: The Essence Part 2 (Birdology, 1995)
Nature: The Essence Part Three (Birdology, 1997)
Picture Perfect (Birdology, 2000)
Ahmad Jamal 70th Birthday/Olympia 2000 (Dreyfus, 2000)
In Search of Momentum (Dreyfus, 2002)
After Fajr (Dreyfus, 2005)
It's Magic (Dreyfus, 2008)With Bob James
One (CTI, 1974)
Touchdown (Tappan Zee, 1978)With J. J. Johnson and Kai Winding
Betwixt & Between (A&M/CTI, 1969)With Etta Jones
My Mother's Eyes (Muse, 1977)
If You Could See Me Now (Muse, 1978)With Rodney Jones
Soul Manifesto (1991)With Keystone Trio
Heart Beats (1995)
Newklear Music (1997)With Charles Kynard
Wa-Tu-Wa-Zui (Beautiful People) (Prestige, 1970)With Joe Lovano
Friendly Fire (Blue Note, 1998)
Flights of Fancy: Trio Fascination Edition Two (Blue Note, 2000)With Johnny Lytle
Fast Hands (Muse, 1980)
Good Vibes (Muse, 1982)With Harold Mabern
Workin' & Wailin' (Prestige, 1969)
Greasy Kid Stuff! (Prestige, 1970)With Roberto Magris
Mating Call (JMood, 2010)With Jimmy McGriff
City Lights (JAM, 1981)With Tete Montoliu
Catalonian Rhapsody (Alfa, 1992)With Tisziji Munoz
Visiting This Planet (Anami Music
Hearing Voices (Anami Music)With David "Fathead" Newman
Concrete Jungle (Prestige, 1978)
Keep the Dream Alive (Prestige, 1978)With Don Patterson
Why Not... (Muse, 1978)With Houston Person
Person to Person! (Prestige, 1970)
The Real Thing (Eastbound, 1973)
Wild Flower (Muse, 1977)With Ernest Ranglin
Below the Bassline (Island, 1998)With Roots
Stablemates (In+Out, 1993)With Pharoah Sanders
Jewels of Thought (Impulse!, 1969)
Journey to the One (Theresa, 1980)
Pharoah Sanders Live... (Theresa, 1982)
Heart is a Melody (Theresa, 1982)
Shukuru (Theresa, 1985)
Africa (Timeless, 1987)With Horace Silver
That Healin' Feelin' (Blue Note, 1970)With John Scofield
Groove Elation (Blue Note, 1995)With Shirley Scott
Lean on Me (Cadet, 1972)With Lonnie Smith
Turning Point (Blue Note, 1969)With Melvin Sparks
Sparks! (Prestige, 1970)
Spark Plug (Prestige, 1971)
Akilah! (Prestige, 1972)With Leon Spencer
Sneak Preview! (Prestige, 1970)
Louisiana Slim (Prestige, 1971)
Bad Walking Woman (Prestige, 1972)
Where I'm Coming From (Prestige, 1972)With Bob Stewart
First Line (JMT, 1988)With Sonny Stitt
Turn It On! (Prestige, 1971)
Black Vibrations (Prestige, 1971)
Goin' Down Slow (Prestige, 1972)With Gábor Szabó
Macho (Salvation, 1975)With Stanley Turrentine
Common Touch (Blue Note, 1968)
The Man with the Sad Face (Fantasy, 1976)With Randy Weston
Portraits of Duke Ellington (Verve, 1989)
Portraits of Thelonious Monk (Verve, 1989)
Self Portraits (Verve, 1989)
Spirits of Our Ancestors (Verve, 1991)With Reuben Wilson
Love Bug (Blue Note, 1969)
Sampled
Beastie Boys, Paul's Boutique, "To All the Girls" (Capitol, 1989)
References
External links
Interview in Allaboutjazz
Artist and album page of Lipstick Records
|
record label
|
{
"answer_start": [
4514
],
"text": [
"Fantasy"
]
}
|
Polyhymno cleodorella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Gambia.The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are brown, with shining white longitudinal streaks and ante-apical costal geminations. A wide central white streak from the base, slightly nearer to the costal than to the dorsal margin, is attenuated beyond the middle, and almost reaches the apical margin below the falcate apex. A more slender line of white on the extreme costal margin from near the base is deflexed about the middle of the costal margin, and runs very obliquely outwards, ending slightly beyond and above the end of the central streak. A third white line, starting at the basal third below the fold, crosses the fold beyond the middle, and is somewhat dilated towards its apex, opposite to the middle of the apical margin and on a level with the apex of the upper line. This third line gives off a short oblique branch beneath, which commences on and follows the fold to near the anal angle. There are three short outwardly oblique costal streaks immediately before the apex, and two minute ones above the apex itself in the apical cilia. The hindwings are brownish grey.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Polyhymno"
]
}
|
Polyhymno cleodorella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Gambia.The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are brown, with shining white longitudinal streaks and ante-apical costal geminations. A wide central white streak from the base, slightly nearer to the costal than to the dorsal margin, is attenuated beyond the middle, and almost reaches the apical margin below the falcate apex. A more slender line of white on the extreme costal margin from near the base is deflexed about the middle of the costal margin, and runs very obliquely outwards, ending slightly beyond and above the end of the central streak. A third white line, starting at the basal third below the fold, crosses the fold beyond the middle, and is somewhat dilated towards its apex, opposite to the middle of the apical margin and on a level with the apex of the upper line. This third line gives off a short oblique branch beneath, which commences on and follows the fold to near the anal angle. There are three short outwardly oblique costal streaks immediately before the apex, and two minute ones above the apex itself in the apical cilia. The hindwings are brownish grey.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Polyhymno cleodorella"
]
}
|
Polyhymno cleodorella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Gambia.The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are brown, with shining white longitudinal streaks and ante-apical costal geminations. A wide central white streak from the base, slightly nearer to the costal than to the dorsal margin, is attenuated beyond the middle, and almost reaches the apical margin below the falcate apex. A more slender line of white on the extreme costal margin from near the base is deflexed about the middle of the costal margin, and runs very obliquely outwards, ending slightly beyond and above the end of the central streak. A third white line, starting at the basal third below the fold, crosses the fold beyond the middle, and is somewhat dilated towards its apex, opposite to the middle of the apical margin and on a level with the apex of the upper line. This third line gives off a short oblique branch beneath, which commences on and follows the fold to near the anal angle. There are three short outwardly oblique costal streaks immediately before the apex, and two minute ones above the apex itself in the apical cilia. The hindwings are brownish grey.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
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0
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"text": [
"Polyhymno cleodorella"
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Pomp or pomps may refer to:
POMP, a proteasome maturation protein
Pomp, Kentucky, a community in the United States
Pomps, a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France
Pompḗ (Greek: πομπή), usually translated as pomp or procession, the name of the first part of several Ancient Greek festivals, such as Dionysia and Lenaia
Pomp rock, an alternative term for a rock music era also known as arena rock
Slang for a Pompadour haircut
Pomps, an alternative name for a Ghillies dance shoe
Jubal Pomp, a Walt Disney comics character
People
Numa Pompilius, also called Numa Pomp (753–673 BC; reigned 715-673 BC), legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus
Dirck Gerritsz Pomp (1544–1608), Dutch sailor of the 16th–17th century
Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, explorer and fur trader
See also
Pomp and Circumstance Marches, a series of marches for orchestra composed by Sir Edward Elgar
Pomper, a surname
|
different from
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pomp"
]
}
|
Pomp or pomps may refer to:
POMP, a proteasome maturation protein
Pomp, Kentucky, a community in the United States
Pomps, a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France
Pompḗ (Greek: πομπή), usually translated as pomp or procession, the name of the first part of several Ancient Greek festivals, such as Dionysia and Lenaia
Pomp rock, an alternative term for a rock music era also known as arena rock
Slang for a Pompadour haircut
Pomps, an alternative name for a Ghillies dance shoe
Jubal Pomp, a Walt Disney comics character
People
Numa Pompilius, also called Numa Pomp (753–673 BC; reigned 715-673 BC), legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus
Dirck Gerritsz Pomp (1544–1608), Dutch sailor of the 16th–17th century
Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, explorer and fur trader
See also
Pomp and Circumstance Marches, a series of marches for orchestra composed by Sir Edward Elgar
Pomper, a surname
|
ortholog
|
{
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"POMP"
]
}
|
Pomp or pomps may refer to:
POMP, a proteasome maturation protein
Pomp, Kentucky, a community in the United States
Pomps, a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France
Pompḗ (Greek: πομπή), usually translated as pomp or procession, the name of the first part of several Ancient Greek festivals, such as Dionysia and Lenaia
Pomp rock, an alternative term for a rock music era also known as arena rock
Slang for a Pompadour haircut
Pomps, an alternative name for a Ghillies dance shoe
Jubal Pomp, a Walt Disney comics character
People
Numa Pompilius, also called Numa Pomp (753–673 BC; reigned 715-673 BC), legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus
Dirck Gerritsz Pomp (1544–1608), Dutch sailor of the 16th–17th century
Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, explorer and fur trader
See also
Pomp and Circumstance Marches, a series of marches for orchestra composed by Sir Edward Elgar
Pomper, a surname
|
MGI Gene Symbol
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pomp"
]
}
|
Pomp or pomps may refer to:
POMP, a proteasome maturation protein
Pomp, Kentucky, a community in the United States
Pomps, a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France
Pompḗ (Greek: πομπή), usually translated as pomp or procession, the name of the first part of several Ancient Greek festivals, such as Dionysia and Lenaia
Pomp rock, an alternative term for a rock music era also known as arena rock
Slang for a Pompadour haircut
Pomps, an alternative name for a Ghillies dance shoe
Jubal Pomp, a Walt Disney comics character
People
Numa Pompilius, also called Numa Pomp (753–673 BC; reigned 715-673 BC), legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus
Dirck Gerritsz Pomp (1544–1608), Dutch sailor of the 16th–17th century
Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, explorer and fur trader
See also
Pomp and Circumstance Marches, a series of marches for orchestra composed by Sir Edward Elgar
Pomper, a surname
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pomp"
]
}
|
Pomp or pomps may refer to:
POMP, a proteasome maturation protein
Pomp, Kentucky, a community in the United States
Pomps, a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France
Pompḗ (Greek: πομπή), usually translated as pomp or procession, the name of the first part of several Ancient Greek festivals, such as Dionysia and Lenaia
Pomp rock, an alternative term for a rock music era also known as arena rock
Slang for a Pompadour haircut
Pomps, an alternative name for a Ghillies dance shoe
Jubal Pomp, a Walt Disney comics character
People
Numa Pompilius, also called Numa Pomp (753–673 BC; reigned 715-673 BC), legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus
Dirck Gerritsz Pomp (1544–1608), Dutch sailor of the 16th–17th century
Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, explorer and fur trader
See also
Pomp and Circumstance Marches, a series of marches for orchestra composed by Sir Edward Elgar
Pomper, a surname
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pomp"
]
}
|
Pomp or pomps may refer to:
POMP, a proteasome maturation protein
Pomp, Kentucky, a community in the United States
Pomps, a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France
Pompḗ (Greek: πομπή), usually translated as pomp or procession, the name of the first part of several Ancient Greek festivals, such as Dionysia and Lenaia
Pomp rock, an alternative term for a rock music era also known as arena rock
Slang for a Pompadour haircut
Pomps, an alternative name for a Ghillies dance shoe
Jubal Pomp, a Walt Disney comics character
People
Numa Pompilius, also called Numa Pomp (753–673 BC; reigned 715-673 BC), legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus
Dirck Gerritsz Pomp (1544–1608), Dutch sailor of the 16th–17th century
Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, explorer and fur trader
See also
Pomp and Circumstance Marches, a series of marches for orchestra composed by Sir Edward Elgar
Pomper, a surname
|
Géopatronyme ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"POMP"
]
}
|
Pomp or pomps may refer to:
POMP, a proteasome maturation protein
Pomp, Kentucky, a community in the United States
Pomps, a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France
Pompḗ (Greek: πομπή), usually translated as pomp or procession, the name of the first part of several Ancient Greek festivals, such as Dionysia and Lenaia
Pomp rock, an alternative term for a rock music era also known as arena rock
Slang for a Pompadour haircut
Pomps, an alternative name for a Ghillies dance shoe
Jubal Pomp, a Walt Disney comics character
People
Numa Pompilius, also called Numa Pomp (753–673 BC; reigned 715-673 BC), legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus
Dirck Gerritsz Pomp (1544–1608), Dutch sailor of the 16th–17th century
Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, explorer and fur trader
See also
Pomp and Circumstance Marches, a series of marches for orchestra composed by Sir Edward Elgar
Pomper, a surname
|
Geneanet family name ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"POMP"
]
}
|
Cape Henlopen High School (CHHS) is a public high school in unincorporated Sussex County, Delaware, United States, with a Lewes postal address. The school is part of the Cape Henlopen School District and is located between Savannah Road and King's Highway. Cape Henlopen's school colors are bright gold and Columbia blue. Its mascot is Thor the Viking. The school is known for its expansive career pathways. In athletics, the school is best known for its championship-winning lacrosse and field hockey teams
In the 2020-21 school year, there were 1,637 students enrolled at the high school.
History
The original Cape Henlopen High School opened in 1969. It was a combination of three area schools that housed their high school grade levels with other grades: Rehoboth School, Lewes School, and Milton School. Initially school was held at the former Lewes High School.The district began construction of a new building to house Cape Henlopen High School in 1974. In September 1976, the new Cape Henlopen High School opened on Kings Hwy. The school was a model of 1970s architecture and echoed the educational sentiment of the day that called for minimal distraction in a classroom. The school's very few windows were positioned in places where it would be difficult for students to gaze out of them during classroom time. It was possible for a student to enter the building at the beginning of the school day and not see the sunshine again until he or she left at the end of the school day. Over time the sentiments of educators changed, and, because the school was showing its age, when construction began on the new school (located on the same property of the current school) in 2007, the decision was made to make it as bright a place as possible.
Construction of the new school was completed in the fall of 2009. The new Cape Henlopen High School incorporates energy-efficient materials and state-of-the-art technology. It also incorporates a separate 9th-grade academy and vocational wing, eliminating the use of the Ninth Grade Campus building. The main building's design relies heavily on the school colors, with walls being painted to match the colors. The floor tiles are adorned with the blue and gold. The exterior is primary brick. The gymnasium features a wooden floor with blue decorations and “Vikings” written at each end. The large bleachers have “CAPE” painted onto them. The school's expansive library features a high rising ceiling with modern light fixtures and coves cut into the wall for students to sit and read. The cafeteria has a high rising ceiling. multiple TV's display pertinent information to students. On the wall above the cafeteria's exit is multiple clocks showing times from other capes around the world including Cape Town
It was announced during the 2018–19 school year that an addition would be placed on the school. The addition is to have two stories, with a commons to span both stories. The new number of classrooms ranging 20-21 based on how many classrooms the funds can obtain. A skylight was to be installed. The school board approved it in 2018. The plans were announced during the 2018 referendum. The addition is complete and located on the Kings Highway side of the building. It would result in an additional capacity of about 450 students. New features include a UN-style classrooms, 6 dedicated consortium classrooms, access corridors from the ninth grade wing, and an additional courtyard. The addition follows the same exterior architecture as the main campus. The addition also adds an extension to the cafeteria that has been completed. Groundbreaking occurred in 2019.
During the 2021-22 school year the wing would open, serving as a “Freshman” wing. Most students refer to it as the “J Wing” because all room numbers start with a J.
The additions architecture follows the main building with an extreme modern twist. The first floor common area features a massive mural composing pictures of local landmarks all tinted blue. All of the new classrooms feature new desk and chairs. The bathrooms have some of the fanciest features. Including sinks, with soap dispensers, a faucet, and a dryer all built into one. The addition provided space for a secondary courtyard with a stage.
Athletics
Cape Henlopen High School participates in athletics in the Henlopen Conference and is one of the larger high schools based on enrollment, thereby competing in the Henlopen North. Their 37 state championships rank them #1 in the Henlopen Conference for total state championships. The Lady Vikings' win of the 2009 Lacrosse title made them the first public high school in the state to win the championship that had been held since 1998. They also have a defending conference championship girls' cross country team that is looking to defend the title. Beside them is the boys' cross country team, coached by George Pepper. In May 2010 Cape's Lady Vikings Lacrosse team was titled State Champions for the second year in a row. As of 2015, Cape's girls' field hockey team has won five consecutive state championships, making them the first high school in the state to do so.On May 23, 2013, Cape's girls' lacrosse team won its fifth straight state championship, defeating Tower Hill 12–10 at Dover High School. Cape became the first public school to win a girls' lacrosse title and is one of only three schools in the state to ever win the championship. The win extended Cape's winning streak against Delaware opponents to 63 games.
Extracurricular activities
Cape Henlopen High School has an Army JROTC program, under the leadership of Senior Army Instructor LTC Ron Erale, and Army Instructors 1SG Phillip Webb and SFC Hurt. Cape Henlopen competes in competitions all over the area with its Raider, Rifle, and Drill teams and its Color Guard. Its Raider Team is one of the best in the region, acting as the vanguard for the entire program.
The school bands take an active part in the community. The concert and marching band have over 100 members every year, and they perform in numerous local parades, as well as in competitions in places like London, Boston, Toronto, Miami, and Cleveland. The jazz band also participates in many local events, performing for Veterans Day and Memorial Day services, for local retirement homes, country clubs, and the Rehoboth Beach Bandstand. The band was started in the 1970s by Barry Eli, and since then, the group has been awarded numerous trophies and has taken many "superior" titles. Eli retired from Cape in 2008.The school also participates in the Delaware State ProStart Invitational, a culinary competition held yearly in the Chase Center.
Notable alumni
Jimmie Allen, country singer
Jake Gelof (born 2002), baseball third baseman
Zack Gelof (born 1999), baseball third baseman
Kathy McGuiness, former state auditor of Delaware
Chris Short, Major League Baseball pitcher, 2x All Star with the Philadelphia Phillies, attended Lewes High School for three years.
Bryan Stevenson, lawyer, activist, author, law professor; founder and executive director of Equal Justice Initiative
Notable faculty
Dave Frederick, sportswriter and coach, taught at the school for several years
References
External links
Official website
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
45
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"text": [
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}
|
Cape Henlopen High School (CHHS) is a public high school in unincorporated Sussex County, Delaware, United States, with a Lewes postal address. The school is part of the Cape Henlopen School District and is located between Savannah Road and King's Highway. Cape Henlopen's school colors are bright gold and Columbia blue. Its mascot is Thor the Viking. The school is known for its expansive career pathways. In athletics, the school is best known for its championship-winning lacrosse and field hockey teams
In the 2020-21 school year, there were 1,637 students enrolled at the high school.
History
The original Cape Henlopen High School opened in 1969. It was a combination of three area schools that housed their high school grade levels with other grades: Rehoboth School, Lewes School, and Milton School. Initially school was held at the former Lewes High School.The district began construction of a new building to house Cape Henlopen High School in 1974. In September 1976, the new Cape Henlopen High School opened on Kings Hwy. The school was a model of 1970s architecture and echoed the educational sentiment of the day that called for minimal distraction in a classroom. The school's very few windows were positioned in places where it would be difficult for students to gaze out of them during classroom time. It was possible for a student to enter the building at the beginning of the school day and not see the sunshine again until he or she left at the end of the school day. Over time the sentiments of educators changed, and, because the school was showing its age, when construction began on the new school (located on the same property of the current school) in 2007, the decision was made to make it as bright a place as possible.
Construction of the new school was completed in the fall of 2009. The new Cape Henlopen High School incorporates energy-efficient materials and state-of-the-art technology. It also incorporates a separate 9th-grade academy and vocational wing, eliminating the use of the Ninth Grade Campus building. The main building's design relies heavily on the school colors, with walls being painted to match the colors. The floor tiles are adorned with the blue and gold. The exterior is primary brick. The gymnasium features a wooden floor with blue decorations and “Vikings” written at each end. The large bleachers have “CAPE” painted onto them. The school's expansive library features a high rising ceiling with modern light fixtures and coves cut into the wall for students to sit and read. The cafeteria has a high rising ceiling. multiple TV's display pertinent information to students. On the wall above the cafeteria's exit is multiple clocks showing times from other capes around the world including Cape Town
It was announced during the 2018–19 school year that an addition would be placed on the school. The addition is to have two stories, with a commons to span both stories. The new number of classrooms ranging 20-21 based on how many classrooms the funds can obtain. A skylight was to be installed. The school board approved it in 2018. The plans were announced during the 2018 referendum. The addition is complete and located on the Kings Highway side of the building. It would result in an additional capacity of about 450 students. New features include a UN-style classrooms, 6 dedicated consortium classrooms, access corridors from the ninth grade wing, and an additional courtyard. The addition follows the same exterior architecture as the main campus. The addition also adds an extension to the cafeteria that has been completed. Groundbreaking occurred in 2019.
During the 2021-22 school year the wing would open, serving as a “Freshman” wing. Most students refer to it as the “J Wing” because all room numbers start with a J.
The additions architecture follows the main building with an extreme modern twist. The first floor common area features a massive mural composing pictures of local landmarks all tinted blue. All of the new classrooms feature new desk and chairs. The bathrooms have some of the fanciest features. Including sinks, with soap dispensers, a faucet, and a dryer all built into one. The addition provided space for a secondary courtyard with a stage.
Athletics
Cape Henlopen High School participates in athletics in the Henlopen Conference and is one of the larger high schools based on enrollment, thereby competing in the Henlopen North. Their 37 state championships rank them #1 in the Henlopen Conference for total state championships. The Lady Vikings' win of the 2009 Lacrosse title made them the first public high school in the state to win the championship that had been held since 1998. They also have a defending conference championship girls' cross country team that is looking to defend the title. Beside them is the boys' cross country team, coached by George Pepper. In May 2010 Cape's Lady Vikings Lacrosse team was titled State Champions for the second year in a row. As of 2015, Cape's girls' field hockey team has won five consecutive state championships, making them the first high school in the state to do so.On May 23, 2013, Cape's girls' lacrosse team won its fifth straight state championship, defeating Tower Hill 12–10 at Dover High School. Cape became the first public school to win a girls' lacrosse title and is one of only three schools in the state to ever win the championship. The win extended Cape's winning streak against Delaware opponents to 63 games.
Extracurricular activities
Cape Henlopen High School has an Army JROTC program, under the leadership of Senior Army Instructor LTC Ron Erale, and Army Instructors 1SG Phillip Webb and SFC Hurt. Cape Henlopen competes in competitions all over the area with its Raider, Rifle, and Drill teams and its Color Guard. Its Raider Team is one of the best in the region, acting as the vanguard for the entire program.
The school bands take an active part in the community. The concert and marching band have over 100 members every year, and they perform in numerous local parades, as well as in competitions in places like London, Boston, Toronto, Miami, and Cleveland. The jazz band also participates in many local events, performing for Veterans Day and Memorial Day services, for local retirement homes, country clubs, and the Rehoboth Beach Bandstand. The band was started in the 1970s by Barry Eli, and since then, the group has been awarded numerous trophies and has taken many "superior" titles. Eli retired from Cape in 2008.The school also participates in the Delaware State ProStart Invitational, a culinary competition held yearly in the Chase Center.
Notable alumni
Jimmie Allen, country singer
Jake Gelof (born 2002), baseball third baseman
Zack Gelof (born 1999), baseball third baseman
Kathy McGuiness, former state auditor of Delaware
Chris Short, Major League Baseball pitcher, 2x All Star with the Philadelphia Phillies, attended Lewes High School for three years.
Bryan Stevenson, lawyer, activist, author, law professor; founder and executive director of Equal Justice Initiative
Notable faculty
Dave Frederick, sportswriter and coach, taught at the school for several years
References
External links
Official website
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
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}
|
Cape Henlopen High School (CHHS) is a public high school in unincorporated Sussex County, Delaware, United States, with a Lewes postal address. The school is part of the Cape Henlopen School District and is located between Savannah Road and King's Highway. Cape Henlopen's school colors are bright gold and Columbia blue. Its mascot is Thor the Viking. The school is known for its expansive career pathways. In athletics, the school is best known for its championship-winning lacrosse and field hockey teams
In the 2020-21 school year, there were 1,637 students enrolled at the high school.
History
The original Cape Henlopen High School opened in 1969. It was a combination of three area schools that housed their high school grade levels with other grades: Rehoboth School, Lewes School, and Milton School. Initially school was held at the former Lewes High School.The district began construction of a new building to house Cape Henlopen High School in 1974. In September 1976, the new Cape Henlopen High School opened on Kings Hwy. The school was a model of 1970s architecture and echoed the educational sentiment of the day that called for minimal distraction in a classroom. The school's very few windows were positioned in places where it would be difficult for students to gaze out of them during classroom time. It was possible for a student to enter the building at the beginning of the school day and not see the sunshine again until he or she left at the end of the school day. Over time the sentiments of educators changed, and, because the school was showing its age, when construction began on the new school (located on the same property of the current school) in 2007, the decision was made to make it as bright a place as possible.
Construction of the new school was completed in the fall of 2009. The new Cape Henlopen High School incorporates energy-efficient materials and state-of-the-art technology. It also incorporates a separate 9th-grade academy and vocational wing, eliminating the use of the Ninth Grade Campus building. The main building's design relies heavily on the school colors, with walls being painted to match the colors. The floor tiles are adorned with the blue and gold. The exterior is primary brick. The gymnasium features a wooden floor with blue decorations and “Vikings” written at each end. The large bleachers have “CAPE” painted onto them. The school's expansive library features a high rising ceiling with modern light fixtures and coves cut into the wall for students to sit and read. The cafeteria has a high rising ceiling. multiple TV's display pertinent information to students. On the wall above the cafeteria's exit is multiple clocks showing times from other capes around the world including Cape Town
It was announced during the 2018–19 school year that an addition would be placed on the school. The addition is to have two stories, with a commons to span both stories. The new number of classrooms ranging 20-21 based on how many classrooms the funds can obtain. A skylight was to be installed. The school board approved it in 2018. The plans were announced during the 2018 referendum. The addition is complete and located on the Kings Highway side of the building. It would result in an additional capacity of about 450 students. New features include a UN-style classrooms, 6 dedicated consortium classrooms, access corridors from the ninth grade wing, and an additional courtyard. The addition follows the same exterior architecture as the main campus. The addition also adds an extension to the cafeteria that has been completed. Groundbreaking occurred in 2019.
During the 2021-22 school year the wing would open, serving as a “Freshman” wing. Most students refer to it as the “J Wing” because all room numbers start with a J.
The additions architecture follows the main building with an extreme modern twist. The first floor common area features a massive mural composing pictures of local landmarks all tinted blue. All of the new classrooms feature new desk and chairs. The bathrooms have some of the fanciest features. Including sinks, with soap dispensers, a faucet, and a dryer all built into one. The addition provided space for a secondary courtyard with a stage.
Athletics
Cape Henlopen High School participates in athletics in the Henlopen Conference and is one of the larger high schools based on enrollment, thereby competing in the Henlopen North. Their 37 state championships rank them #1 in the Henlopen Conference for total state championships. The Lady Vikings' win of the 2009 Lacrosse title made them the first public high school in the state to win the championship that had been held since 1998. They also have a defending conference championship girls' cross country team that is looking to defend the title. Beside them is the boys' cross country team, coached by George Pepper. In May 2010 Cape's Lady Vikings Lacrosse team was titled State Champions for the second year in a row. As of 2015, Cape's girls' field hockey team has won five consecutive state championships, making them the first high school in the state to do so.On May 23, 2013, Cape's girls' lacrosse team won its fifth straight state championship, defeating Tower Hill 12–10 at Dover High School. Cape became the first public school to win a girls' lacrosse title and is one of only three schools in the state to ever win the championship. The win extended Cape's winning streak against Delaware opponents to 63 games.
Extracurricular activities
Cape Henlopen High School has an Army JROTC program, under the leadership of Senior Army Instructor LTC Ron Erale, and Army Instructors 1SG Phillip Webb and SFC Hurt. Cape Henlopen competes in competitions all over the area with its Raider, Rifle, and Drill teams and its Color Guard. Its Raider Team is one of the best in the region, acting as the vanguard for the entire program.
The school bands take an active part in the community. The concert and marching band have over 100 members every year, and they perform in numerous local parades, as well as in competitions in places like London, Boston, Toronto, Miami, and Cleveland. The jazz band also participates in many local events, performing for Veterans Day and Memorial Day services, for local retirement homes, country clubs, and the Rehoboth Beach Bandstand. The band was started in the 1970s by Barry Eli, and since then, the group has been awarded numerous trophies and has taken many "superior" titles. Eli retired from Cape in 2008.The school also participates in the Delaware State ProStart Invitational, a culinary competition held yearly in the Chase Center.
Notable alumni
Jimmie Allen, country singer
Jake Gelof (born 2002), baseball third baseman
Zack Gelof (born 1999), baseball third baseman
Kathy McGuiness, former state auditor of Delaware
Chris Short, Major League Baseball pitcher, 2x All Star with the Philadelphia Phillies, attended Lewes High School for three years.
Bryan Stevenson, lawyer, activist, author, law professor; founder and executive director of Equal Justice Initiative
Notable faculty
Dave Frederick, sportswriter and coach, taught at the school for several years
References
External links
Official website
|
school district
|
{
"answer_start": [
170
],
"text": [
"Cape Henlopen School District"
]
}
|
Heydt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dorothy J. Heydt, American writer
Francis Heydt (1918–2008), American swimmer
Gerald T. Heydt, American electrical engineer
Louis Jean Heydt (1903–1960), American actor
Martin Heydt, American businessman
See also
Von der Heydt
All pages with titles containing Heydt
|
different from
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Heydt"
]
}
|
Heydt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dorothy J. Heydt, American writer
Francis Heydt (1918–2008), American swimmer
Gerald T. Heydt, American electrical engineer
Louis Jean Heydt (1903–1960), American actor
Martin Heydt, American businessman
See also
Von der Heydt
All pages with titles containing Heydt
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Heydt"
]
}
|
Carlos C. "Bud" Ogden, Jr. (born December 29, 1946) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Although Ogden played for two seasons with the Philadelphia 76ers, he is best remembered for his college career at Santa Clara.
College
As a 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) forward, Bud Ogden led Santa Clara to its best years in its program's history while playing alongside his younger brother, Ralph. He played for the Broncos from 1966–67 to 1968–69, and was an integral part of an era (1967–1971) that saw the team go 70–10 overall, including two trips to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. As a sophomore in 1967, Ogden scored a still-standing school record 55 points against Pepperdine, and as of the end of 2019–20 is the 16th all-time leading scorer with 1,437 points. His 18.2 points per game average is third all-time.In 1967–68, his junior year, the Broncos went 22–4, won the West Coast Conference title, and advanced to the NCAA tournament West regional final before falling to a Lew Alcindor-led UCLA squad. The following year, he and his brother guided the Broncos to a 27–2 record, including 21 straight wins to begin the season. They were ranked as high as third in the national polls, won another West Coast Conference Title and once again met UCLA in the West regional final of the NCAA tournament. The Bruins again defeated the Broncos and went on to win the national championship. They lost by 38 points in what was Alcindor's final game at Pauley Pavilion. "To be that close to the Final Four–it was heartbreaking", Ogden said. At the conclusion of his senior year, Ogden was named a consensus Second Team All-American. On February 10, 1969, he was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated.Years later, he would have his jersey retired by Santa Clara. Bud and his brother Ralph were both also inducted into the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame.
Professional
Bud Ogden was actually drafted into the NBA twice. After his junior season at Santa Clara, the Seattle SuperSonics selected him with the 162nd overall pick in the 1968 NBA draft. He decided to return to school however, and after a successful senior season, the Philadelphia 76ers selected him in the first round (13th overall) in the 1969 Draft. Coincidentally, his brother Ralph was selected in the 1970 Draft by the San Francisco Warriors and play one season for them.Ogden played professional basketball for two seasons, both with the 76ers. In his rookie season, he was given the nickname "The Medium O" by teammates, referencing the nickname "The Big O" bestowed upon Hall of Famer Oscar Robertson. He averaged 3.5 points in two seasons and was then waived. He partially attributes his short career as being in the wrong place at the wrong time; Ogden was the power forward back-up to Billy Cunningham, a future Hall of Famer. "My take on it is that I was a power forward in a 6-foot-6 body. If I was 6-foot-8 or 6-foot-9, things might have been different – or if I was quicker. My second year they tried to make me a guard. Well, I had never handled the ball my whole life", he later recounted.
Personal
Ogden's father, Carlos Ogden, Sr., fought in World War II and was awarded the Medal of Honor, three Purple Hearts and one Bronze Star Medal. He credits his father as instilling grit and determination in him via playing basketball in the driveway: "Dad was merciless. He would put us into the garage door." Bud has four children, Lori, Geoffrey, Heidi-Lynn and Sydney. He has three brothers – Jim (deceased), Ralph and Fred. Bud is now retired from his careers in real estate and teaching high school algebra and special education. Ogden also coached his high school's basketball team. Prior to his first day of teaching, he was asked what he thinks of when his students were going to find out he appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated. He said, "I can picture the kids saying, 'What? Mr. Ogden was on the cover of SI?' I can't wait to see the looks on their faces."
== References ==
|
member of sports team
|
{
"answer_start": [
209
],
"text": [
"Philadelphia 76ers"
]
}
|
Carlos C. "Bud" Ogden, Jr. (born December 29, 1946) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Although Ogden played for two seasons with the Philadelphia 76ers, he is best remembered for his college career at Santa Clara.
College
As a 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) forward, Bud Ogden led Santa Clara to its best years in its program's history while playing alongside his younger brother, Ralph. He played for the Broncos from 1966–67 to 1968–69, and was an integral part of an era (1967–1971) that saw the team go 70–10 overall, including two trips to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. As a sophomore in 1967, Ogden scored a still-standing school record 55 points against Pepperdine, and as of the end of 2019–20 is the 16th all-time leading scorer with 1,437 points. His 18.2 points per game average is third all-time.In 1967–68, his junior year, the Broncos went 22–4, won the West Coast Conference title, and advanced to the NCAA tournament West regional final before falling to a Lew Alcindor-led UCLA squad. The following year, he and his brother guided the Broncos to a 27–2 record, including 21 straight wins to begin the season. They were ranked as high as third in the national polls, won another West Coast Conference Title and once again met UCLA in the West regional final of the NCAA tournament. The Bruins again defeated the Broncos and went on to win the national championship. They lost by 38 points in what was Alcindor's final game at Pauley Pavilion. "To be that close to the Final Four–it was heartbreaking", Ogden said. At the conclusion of his senior year, Ogden was named a consensus Second Team All-American. On February 10, 1969, he was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated.Years later, he would have his jersey retired by Santa Clara. Bud and his brother Ralph were both also inducted into the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame.
Professional
Bud Ogden was actually drafted into the NBA twice. After his junior season at Santa Clara, the Seattle SuperSonics selected him with the 162nd overall pick in the 1968 NBA draft. He decided to return to school however, and after a successful senior season, the Philadelphia 76ers selected him in the first round (13th overall) in the 1969 Draft. Coincidentally, his brother Ralph was selected in the 1970 Draft by the San Francisco Warriors and play one season for them.Ogden played professional basketball for two seasons, both with the 76ers. In his rookie season, he was given the nickname "The Medium O" by teammates, referencing the nickname "The Big O" bestowed upon Hall of Famer Oscar Robertson. He averaged 3.5 points in two seasons and was then waived. He partially attributes his short career as being in the wrong place at the wrong time; Ogden was the power forward back-up to Billy Cunningham, a future Hall of Famer. "My take on it is that I was a power forward in a 6-foot-6 body. If I was 6-foot-8 or 6-foot-9, things might have been different – or if I was quicker. My second year they tried to make me a guard. Well, I had never handled the ball my whole life", he later recounted.
Personal
Ogden's father, Carlos Ogden, Sr., fought in World War II and was awarded the Medal of Honor, three Purple Hearts and one Bronze Star Medal. He credits his father as instilling grit and determination in him via playing basketball in the driveway: "Dad was merciless. He would put us into the garage door." Bud has four children, Lori, Geoffrey, Heidi-Lynn and Sydney. He has three brothers – Jim (deceased), Ralph and Fred. Bud is now retired from his careers in real estate and teaching high school algebra and special education. Ogden also coached his high school's basketball team. Prior to his first day of teaching, he was asked what he thinks of when his students were going to find out he appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated. He said, "I can picture the kids saying, 'What? Mr. Ogden was on the cover of SI?' I can't wait to see the looks on their faces."
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"basketball player"
]
}
|
Carlos C. "Bud" Ogden, Jr. (born December 29, 1946) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Although Ogden played for two seasons with the Philadelphia 76ers, he is best remembered for his college career at Santa Clara.
College
As a 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) forward, Bud Ogden led Santa Clara to its best years in its program's history while playing alongside his younger brother, Ralph. He played for the Broncos from 1966–67 to 1968–69, and was an integral part of an era (1967–1971) that saw the team go 70–10 overall, including two trips to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. As a sophomore in 1967, Ogden scored a still-standing school record 55 points against Pepperdine, and as of the end of 2019–20 is the 16th all-time leading scorer with 1,437 points. His 18.2 points per game average is third all-time.In 1967–68, his junior year, the Broncos went 22–4, won the West Coast Conference title, and advanced to the NCAA tournament West regional final before falling to a Lew Alcindor-led UCLA squad. The following year, he and his brother guided the Broncos to a 27–2 record, including 21 straight wins to begin the season. They were ranked as high as third in the national polls, won another West Coast Conference Title and once again met UCLA in the West regional final of the NCAA tournament. The Bruins again defeated the Broncos and went on to win the national championship. They lost by 38 points in what was Alcindor's final game at Pauley Pavilion. "To be that close to the Final Four–it was heartbreaking", Ogden said. At the conclusion of his senior year, Ogden was named a consensus Second Team All-American. On February 10, 1969, he was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated.Years later, he would have his jersey retired by Santa Clara. Bud and his brother Ralph were both also inducted into the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame.
Professional
Bud Ogden was actually drafted into the NBA twice. After his junior season at Santa Clara, the Seattle SuperSonics selected him with the 162nd overall pick in the 1968 NBA draft. He decided to return to school however, and after a successful senior season, the Philadelphia 76ers selected him in the first round (13th overall) in the 1969 Draft. Coincidentally, his brother Ralph was selected in the 1970 Draft by the San Francisco Warriors and play one season for them.Ogden played professional basketball for two seasons, both with the 76ers. In his rookie season, he was given the nickname "The Medium O" by teammates, referencing the nickname "The Big O" bestowed upon Hall of Famer Oscar Robertson. He averaged 3.5 points in two seasons and was then waived. He partially attributes his short career as being in the wrong place at the wrong time; Ogden was the power forward back-up to Billy Cunningham, a future Hall of Famer. "My take on it is that I was a power forward in a 6-foot-6 body. If I was 6-foot-8 or 6-foot-9, things might have been different – or if I was quicker. My second year they tried to make me a guard. Well, I had never handled the ball my whole life", he later recounted.
Personal
Ogden's father, Carlos Ogden, Sr., fought in World War II and was awarded the Medal of Honor, three Purple Hearts and one Bronze Star Medal. He credits his father as instilling grit and determination in him via playing basketball in the driveway: "Dad was merciless. He would put us into the garage door." Bud has four children, Lori, Geoffrey, Heidi-Lynn and Sydney. He has three brothers – Jim (deceased), Ralph and Fred. Bud is now retired from his careers in real estate and teaching high school algebra and special education. Ogden also coached his high school's basketball team. Prior to his first day of teaching, he was asked what he thinks of when his students were going to find out he appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated. He said, "I can picture the kids saying, 'What? Mr. Ogden was on the cover of SI?' I can't wait to see the looks on their faces."
== References ==
|
league
|
{
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"National Basketball Association"
]
}
|
Carlos C. "Bud" Ogden, Jr. (born December 29, 1946) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Although Ogden played for two seasons with the Philadelphia 76ers, he is best remembered for his college career at Santa Clara.
College
As a 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) forward, Bud Ogden led Santa Clara to its best years in its program's history while playing alongside his younger brother, Ralph. He played for the Broncos from 1966–67 to 1968–69, and was an integral part of an era (1967–1971) that saw the team go 70–10 overall, including two trips to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. As a sophomore in 1967, Ogden scored a still-standing school record 55 points against Pepperdine, and as of the end of 2019–20 is the 16th all-time leading scorer with 1,437 points. His 18.2 points per game average is third all-time.In 1967–68, his junior year, the Broncos went 22–4, won the West Coast Conference title, and advanced to the NCAA tournament West regional final before falling to a Lew Alcindor-led UCLA squad. The following year, he and his brother guided the Broncos to a 27–2 record, including 21 straight wins to begin the season. They were ranked as high as third in the national polls, won another West Coast Conference Title and once again met UCLA in the West regional final of the NCAA tournament. The Bruins again defeated the Broncos and went on to win the national championship. They lost by 38 points in what was Alcindor's final game at Pauley Pavilion. "To be that close to the Final Four–it was heartbreaking", Ogden said. At the conclusion of his senior year, Ogden was named a consensus Second Team All-American. On February 10, 1969, he was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated.Years later, he would have his jersey retired by Santa Clara. Bud and his brother Ralph were both also inducted into the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame.
Professional
Bud Ogden was actually drafted into the NBA twice. After his junior season at Santa Clara, the Seattle SuperSonics selected him with the 162nd overall pick in the 1968 NBA draft. He decided to return to school however, and after a successful senior season, the Philadelphia 76ers selected him in the first round (13th overall) in the 1969 Draft. Coincidentally, his brother Ralph was selected in the 1970 Draft by the San Francisco Warriors and play one season for them.Ogden played professional basketball for two seasons, both with the 76ers. In his rookie season, he was given the nickname "The Medium O" by teammates, referencing the nickname "The Big O" bestowed upon Hall of Famer Oscar Robertson. He averaged 3.5 points in two seasons and was then waived. He partially attributes his short career as being in the wrong place at the wrong time; Ogden was the power forward back-up to Billy Cunningham, a future Hall of Famer. "My take on it is that I was a power forward in a 6-foot-6 body. If I was 6-foot-8 or 6-foot-9, things might have been different – or if I was quicker. My second year they tried to make me a guard. Well, I had never handled the ball my whole life", he later recounted.
Personal
Ogden's father, Carlos Ogden, Sr., fought in World War II and was awarded the Medal of Honor, three Purple Hearts and one Bronze Star Medal. He credits his father as instilling grit and determination in him via playing basketball in the driveway: "Dad was merciless. He would put us into the garage door." Bud has four children, Lori, Geoffrey, Heidi-Lynn and Sydney. He has three brothers – Jim (deceased), Ralph and Fred. Bud is now retired from his careers in real estate and teaching high school algebra and special education. Ogden also coached his high school's basketball team. Prior to his first day of teaching, he was asked what he thinks of when his students were going to find out he appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated. He said, "I can picture the kids saying, 'What? Mr. Ogden was on the cover of SI?' I can't wait to see the looks on their faces."
== References ==
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"basketball"
]
}
|
Carlos C. "Bud" Ogden, Jr. (born December 29, 1946) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Although Ogden played for two seasons with the Philadelphia 76ers, he is best remembered for his college career at Santa Clara.
College
As a 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) forward, Bud Ogden led Santa Clara to its best years in its program's history while playing alongside his younger brother, Ralph. He played for the Broncos from 1966–67 to 1968–69, and was an integral part of an era (1967–1971) that saw the team go 70–10 overall, including two trips to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. As a sophomore in 1967, Ogden scored a still-standing school record 55 points against Pepperdine, and as of the end of 2019–20 is the 16th all-time leading scorer with 1,437 points. His 18.2 points per game average is third all-time.In 1967–68, his junior year, the Broncos went 22–4, won the West Coast Conference title, and advanced to the NCAA tournament West regional final before falling to a Lew Alcindor-led UCLA squad. The following year, he and his brother guided the Broncos to a 27–2 record, including 21 straight wins to begin the season. They were ranked as high as third in the national polls, won another West Coast Conference Title and once again met UCLA in the West regional final of the NCAA tournament. The Bruins again defeated the Broncos and went on to win the national championship. They lost by 38 points in what was Alcindor's final game at Pauley Pavilion. "To be that close to the Final Four–it was heartbreaking", Ogden said. At the conclusion of his senior year, Ogden was named a consensus Second Team All-American. On February 10, 1969, he was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated.Years later, he would have his jersey retired by Santa Clara. Bud and his brother Ralph were both also inducted into the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame.
Professional
Bud Ogden was actually drafted into the NBA twice. After his junior season at Santa Clara, the Seattle SuperSonics selected him with the 162nd overall pick in the 1968 NBA draft. He decided to return to school however, and after a successful senior season, the Philadelphia 76ers selected him in the first round (13th overall) in the 1969 Draft. Coincidentally, his brother Ralph was selected in the 1970 Draft by the San Francisco Warriors and play one season for them.Ogden played professional basketball for two seasons, both with the 76ers. In his rookie season, he was given the nickname "The Medium O" by teammates, referencing the nickname "The Big O" bestowed upon Hall of Famer Oscar Robertson. He averaged 3.5 points in two seasons and was then waived. He partially attributes his short career as being in the wrong place at the wrong time; Ogden was the power forward back-up to Billy Cunningham, a future Hall of Famer. "My take on it is that I was a power forward in a 6-foot-6 body. If I was 6-foot-8 or 6-foot-9, things might have been different – or if I was quicker. My second year they tried to make me a guard. Well, I had never handled the ball my whole life", he later recounted.
Personal
Ogden's father, Carlos Ogden, Sr., fought in World War II and was awarded the Medal of Honor, three Purple Hearts and one Bronze Star Medal. He credits his father as instilling grit and determination in him via playing basketball in the driveway: "Dad was merciless. He would put us into the garage door." Bud has four children, Lori, Geoffrey, Heidi-Lynn and Sydney. He has three brothers – Jim (deceased), Ralph and Fred. Bud is now retired from his careers in real estate and teaching high school algebra and special education. Ogden also coached his high school's basketball team. Prior to his first day of teaching, he was asked what he thinks of when his students were going to find out he appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated. He said, "I can picture the kids saying, 'What? Mr. Ogden was on the cover of SI?' I can't wait to see the looks on their faces."
== References ==
|
drafted by
|
{
"answer_start": [
209
],
"text": [
"Philadelphia 76ers"
]
}
|
Carlos C. "Bud" Ogden, Jr. (born December 29, 1946) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Although Ogden played for two seasons with the Philadelphia 76ers, he is best remembered for his college career at Santa Clara.
College
As a 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) forward, Bud Ogden led Santa Clara to its best years in its program's history while playing alongside his younger brother, Ralph. He played for the Broncos from 1966–67 to 1968–69, and was an integral part of an era (1967–1971) that saw the team go 70–10 overall, including two trips to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. As a sophomore in 1967, Ogden scored a still-standing school record 55 points against Pepperdine, and as of the end of 2019–20 is the 16th all-time leading scorer with 1,437 points. His 18.2 points per game average is third all-time.In 1967–68, his junior year, the Broncos went 22–4, won the West Coast Conference title, and advanced to the NCAA tournament West regional final before falling to a Lew Alcindor-led UCLA squad. The following year, he and his brother guided the Broncos to a 27–2 record, including 21 straight wins to begin the season. They were ranked as high as third in the national polls, won another West Coast Conference Title and once again met UCLA in the West regional final of the NCAA tournament. The Bruins again defeated the Broncos and went on to win the national championship. They lost by 38 points in what was Alcindor's final game at Pauley Pavilion. "To be that close to the Final Four–it was heartbreaking", Ogden said. At the conclusion of his senior year, Ogden was named a consensus Second Team All-American. On February 10, 1969, he was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated.Years later, he would have his jersey retired by Santa Clara. Bud and his brother Ralph were both also inducted into the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame.
Professional
Bud Ogden was actually drafted into the NBA twice. After his junior season at Santa Clara, the Seattle SuperSonics selected him with the 162nd overall pick in the 1968 NBA draft. He decided to return to school however, and after a successful senior season, the Philadelphia 76ers selected him in the first round (13th overall) in the 1969 Draft. Coincidentally, his brother Ralph was selected in the 1970 Draft by the San Francisco Warriors and play one season for them.Ogden played professional basketball for two seasons, both with the 76ers. In his rookie season, he was given the nickname "The Medium O" by teammates, referencing the nickname "The Big O" bestowed upon Hall of Famer Oscar Robertson. He averaged 3.5 points in two seasons and was then waived. He partially attributes his short career as being in the wrong place at the wrong time; Ogden was the power forward back-up to Billy Cunningham, a future Hall of Famer. "My take on it is that I was a power forward in a 6-foot-6 body. If I was 6-foot-8 or 6-foot-9, things might have been different – or if I was quicker. My second year they tried to make me a guard. Well, I had never handled the ball my whole life", he later recounted.
Personal
Ogden's father, Carlos Ogden, Sr., fought in World War II and was awarded the Medal of Honor, three Purple Hearts and one Bronze Star Medal. He credits his father as instilling grit and determination in him via playing basketball in the driveway: "Dad was merciless. He would put us into the garage door." Bud has four children, Lori, Geoffrey, Heidi-Lynn and Sydney. He has three brothers – Jim (deceased), Ralph and Fred. Bud is now retired from his careers in real estate and teaching high school algebra and special education. Ogden also coached his high school's basketball team. Prior to his first day of teaching, he was asked what he thinks of when his students were going to find out he appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated. He said, "I can picture the kids saying, 'What? Mr. Ogden was on the cover of SI?' I can't wait to see the looks on their faces."
== References ==
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"Ogden"
]
}
|
Carlos C. "Bud" Ogden, Jr. (born December 29, 1946) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Although Ogden played for two seasons with the Philadelphia 76ers, he is best remembered for his college career at Santa Clara.
College
As a 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) forward, Bud Ogden led Santa Clara to its best years in its program's history while playing alongside his younger brother, Ralph. He played for the Broncos from 1966–67 to 1968–69, and was an integral part of an era (1967–1971) that saw the team go 70–10 overall, including two trips to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. As a sophomore in 1967, Ogden scored a still-standing school record 55 points against Pepperdine, and as of the end of 2019–20 is the 16th all-time leading scorer with 1,437 points. His 18.2 points per game average is third all-time.In 1967–68, his junior year, the Broncos went 22–4, won the West Coast Conference title, and advanced to the NCAA tournament West regional final before falling to a Lew Alcindor-led UCLA squad. The following year, he and his brother guided the Broncos to a 27–2 record, including 21 straight wins to begin the season. They were ranked as high as third in the national polls, won another West Coast Conference Title and once again met UCLA in the West regional final of the NCAA tournament. The Bruins again defeated the Broncos and went on to win the national championship. They lost by 38 points in what was Alcindor's final game at Pauley Pavilion. "To be that close to the Final Four–it was heartbreaking", Ogden said. At the conclusion of his senior year, Ogden was named a consensus Second Team All-American. On February 10, 1969, he was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated.Years later, he would have his jersey retired by Santa Clara. Bud and his brother Ralph were both also inducted into the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame.
Professional
Bud Ogden was actually drafted into the NBA twice. After his junior season at Santa Clara, the Seattle SuperSonics selected him with the 162nd overall pick in the 1968 NBA draft. He decided to return to school however, and after a successful senior season, the Philadelphia 76ers selected him in the first round (13th overall) in the 1969 Draft. Coincidentally, his brother Ralph was selected in the 1970 Draft by the San Francisco Warriors and play one season for them.Ogden played professional basketball for two seasons, both with the 76ers. In his rookie season, he was given the nickname "The Medium O" by teammates, referencing the nickname "The Big O" bestowed upon Hall of Famer Oscar Robertson. He averaged 3.5 points in two seasons and was then waived. He partially attributes his short career as being in the wrong place at the wrong time; Ogden was the power forward back-up to Billy Cunningham, a future Hall of Famer. "My take on it is that I was a power forward in a 6-foot-6 body. If I was 6-foot-8 or 6-foot-9, things might have been different – or if I was quicker. My second year they tried to make me a guard. Well, I had never handled the ball my whole life", he later recounted.
Personal
Ogden's father, Carlos Ogden, Sr., fought in World War II and was awarded the Medal of Honor, three Purple Hearts and one Bronze Star Medal. He credits his father as instilling grit and determination in him via playing basketball in the driveway: "Dad was merciless. He would put us into the garage door." Bud has four children, Lori, Geoffrey, Heidi-Lynn and Sydney. He has three brothers – Jim (deceased), Ralph and Fred. Bud is now retired from his careers in real estate and teaching high school algebra and special education. Ogden also coached his high school's basketball team. Prior to his first day of teaching, he was asked what he thinks of when his students were going to find out he appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated. He said, "I can picture the kids saying, 'What? Mr. Ogden was on the cover of SI?' I can't wait to see the looks on their faces."
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Carlos"
]
}
|
The Cardboard Village (Italian: Il villaggio di cartone) is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Ermanno Olmi.
Plot
A now uninhabitable church is decommissioned in the presence of the old pastor. The environment is stripped of all sacred furnishings, and not even the large crucifix will be saved. From this situation begins a new life for the building, which, now stripped of all liturgical and "institutional" aspects, is transformed into the place of the living concretization of the old priest's faith. A place of desolation is thus transformed into a space of brotherhood and welcome for a group of non-EU Africans without residence permits, the embodiment of the excluded and marginalized in our society.
Cast
Michael Lonsdale as Il Vecchio Prete
Rutger Hauer as Il Sacrestano
Massimo De Francovich as Il Medico
Alessandro Haber as Il Graduato
Ibrahima Faye El Hadji as Il Soccorritore
Irma Pino Viney as Magdha
Fatima Alì as Fatima
Samuels Leon Delroy as Il Bardo
Fernando Chronda as Il Cherubino
Souleymane Sow as L'Avverso
Linda Keny as Madre
See also
Films about immigration to Italy
References
External links
The Cardboard Village at IMDb
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"film"
]
}
|
The Cardboard Village (Italian: Il villaggio di cartone) is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Ermanno Olmi.
Plot
A now uninhabitable church is decommissioned in the presence of the old pastor. The environment is stripped of all sacred furnishings, and not even the large crucifix will be saved. From this situation begins a new life for the building, which, now stripped of all liturgical and "institutional" aspects, is transformed into the place of the living concretization of the old priest's faith. A place of desolation is thus transformed into a space of brotherhood and welcome for a group of non-EU Africans without residence permits, the embodiment of the excluded and marginalized in our society.
Cast
Michael Lonsdale as Il Vecchio Prete
Rutger Hauer as Il Sacrestano
Massimo De Francovich as Il Medico
Alessandro Haber as Il Graduato
Ibrahima Faye El Hadji as Il Soccorritore
Irma Pino Viney as Magdha
Fatima Alì as Fatima
Samuels Leon Delroy as Il Bardo
Fernando Chronda as Il Cherubino
Souleymane Sow as L'Avverso
Linda Keny as Madre
See also
Films about immigration to Italy
References
External links
The Cardboard Village at IMDb
|
director
|
{
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"Ermanno Olmi"
]
}
|
The Cardboard Village (Italian: Il villaggio di cartone) is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Ermanno Olmi.
Plot
A now uninhabitable church is decommissioned in the presence of the old pastor. The environment is stripped of all sacred furnishings, and not even the large crucifix will be saved. From this situation begins a new life for the building, which, now stripped of all liturgical and "institutional" aspects, is transformed into the place of the living concretization of the old priest's faith. A place of desolation is thus transformed into a space of brotherhood and welcome for a group of non-EU Africans without residence permits, the embodiment of the excluded and marginalized in our society.
Cast
Michael Lonsdale as Il Vecchio Prete
Rutger Hauer as Il Sacrestano
Massimo De Francovich as Il Medico
Alessandro Haber as Il Graduato
Ibrahima Faye El Hadji as Il Soccorritore
Irma Pino Viney as Magdha
Fatima Alì as Fatima
Samuels Leon Delroy as Il Bardo
Fernando Chronda as Il Cherubino
Souleymane Sow as L'Avverso
Linda Keny as Madre
See also
Films about immigration to Italy
References
External links
The Cardboard Village at IMDb
|
screenwriter
|
{
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"Ermanno Olmi"
]
}
|
The Cardboard Village (Italian: Il villaggio di cartone) is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Ermanno Olmi.
Plot
A now uninhabitable church is decommissioned in the presence of the old pastor. The environment is stripped of all sacred furnishings, and not even the large crucifix will be saved. From this situation begins a new life for the building, which, now stripped of all liturgical and "institutional" aspects, is transformed into the place of the living concretization of the old priest's faith. A place of desolation is thus transformed into a space of brotherhood and welcome for a group of non-EU Africans without residence permits, the embodiment of the excluded and marginalized in our society.
Cast
Michael Lonsdale as Il Vecchio Prete
Rutger Hauer as Il Sacrestano
Massimo De Francovich as Il Medico
Alessandro Haber as Il Graduato
Ibrahima Faye El Hadji as Il Soccorritore
Irma Pino Viney as Magdha
Fatima Alì as Fatima
Samuels Leon Delroy as Il Bardo
Fernando Chronda as Il Cherubino
Souleymane Sow as L'Avverso
Linda Keny as Madre
See also
Films about immigration to Italy
References
External links
The Cardboard Village at IMDb
|
genre
|
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"drama film"
]
}
|
The Cardboard Village (Italian: Il villaggio di cartone) is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Ermanno Olmi.
Plot
A now uninhabitable church is decommissioned in the presence of the old pastor. The environment is stripped of all sacred furnishings, and not even the large crucifix will be saved. From this situation begins a new life for the building, which, now stripped of all liturgical and "institutional" aspects, is transformed into the place of the living concretization of the old priest's faith. A place of desolation is thus transformed into a space of brotherhood and welcome for a group of non-EU Africans without residence permits, the embodiment of the excluded and marginalized in our society.
Cast
Michael Lonsdale as Il Vecchio Prete
Rutger Hauer as Il Sacrestano
Massimo De Francovich as Il Medico
Alessandro Haber as Il Graduato
Ibrahima Faye El Hadji as Il Soccorritore
Irma Pino Viney as Magdha
Fatima Alì as Fatima
Samuels Leon Delroy as Il Bardo
Fernando Chronda as Il Cherubino
Souleymane Sow as L'Avverso
Linda Keny as Madre
See also
Films about immigration to Italy
References
External links
The Cardboard Village at IMDb
|
cast member
|
{
"answer_start": [
756
],
"text": [
"Rutger Hauer"
]
}
|
The Cardboard Village (Italian: Il villaggio di cartone) is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Ermanno Olmi.
Plot
A now uninhabitable church is decommissioned in the presence of the old pastor. The environment is stripped of all sacred furnishings, and not even the large crucifix will be saved. From this situation begins a new life for the building, which, now stripped of all liturgical and "institutional" aspects, is transformed into the place of the living concretization of the old priest's faith. A place of desolation is thus transformed into a space of brotherhood and welcome for a group of non-EU Africans without residence permits, the embodiment of the excluded and marginalized in our society.
Cast
Michael Lonsdale as Il Vecchio Prete
Rutger Hauer as Il Sacrestano
Massimo De Francovich as Il Medico
Alessandro Haber as Il Graduato
Ibrahima Faye El Hadji as Il Soccorritore
Irma Pino Viney as Magdha
Fatima Alì as Fatima
Samuels Leon Delroy as Il Bardo
Fernando Chronda as Il Cherubino
Souleymane Sow as L'Avverso
Linda Keny as Madre
See also
Films about immigration to Italy
References
External links
The Cardboard Village at IMDb
|
original language of film or TV show
|
{
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"Italian"
]
}
|
The Cardboard Village (Italian: Il villaggio di cartone) is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Ermanno Olmi.
Plot
A now uninhabitable church is decommissioned in the presence of the old pastor. The environment is stripped of all sacred furnishings, and not even the large crucifix will be saved. From this situation begins a new life for the building, which, now stripped of all liturgical and "institutional" aspects, is transformed into the place of the living concretization of the old priest's faith. A place of desolation is thus transformed into a space of brotherhood and welcome for a group of non-EU Africans without residence permits, the embodiment of the excluded and marginalized in our society.
Cast
Michael Lonsdale as Il Vecchio Prete
Rutger Hauer as Il Sacrestano
Massimo De Francovich as Il Medico
Alessandro Haber as Il Graduato
Ibrahima Faye El Hadji as Il Soccorritore
Irma Pino Viney as Magdha
Fatima Alì as Fatima
Samuels Leon Delroy as Il Bardo
Fernando Chronda as Il Cherubino
Souleymane Sow as L'Avverso
Linda Keny as Madre
See also
Films about immigration to Italy
References
External links
The Cardboard Village at IMDb
|
country of origin
|
{
"answer_start": [
1092
],
"text": [
"Italy"
]
}
|
The Cardboard Village (Italian: Il villaggio di cartone) is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Ermanno Olmi.
Plot
A now uninhabitable church is decommissioned in the presence of the old pastor. The environment is stripped of all sacred furnishings, and not even the large crucifix will be saved. From this situation begins a new life for the building, which, now stripped of all liturgical and "institutional" aspects, is transformed into the place of the living concretization of the old priest's faith. A place of desolation is thus transformed into a space of brotherhood and welcome for a group of non-EU Africans without residence permits, the embodiment of the excluded and marginalized in our society.
Cast
Michael Lonsdale as Il Vecchio Prete
Rutger Hauer as Il Sacrestano
Massimo De Francovich as Il Medico
Alessandro Haber as Il Graduato
Ibrahima Faye El Hadji as Il Soccorritore
Irma Pino Viney as Magdha
Fatima Alì as Fatima
Samuels Leon Delroy as Il Bardo
Fernando Chronda as Il Cherubino
Souleymane Sow as L'Avverso
Linda Keny as Madre
See also
Films about immigration to Italy
References
External links
The Cardboard Village at IMDb
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"Il villaggio di cartone"
]
}
|
Pethia canius is a species of cyprinid fish native to India where it is found in sluggish streams in West Bengal, India. This species can reach a length of 3.0 centimetres (1.2 in) SL.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Pethia canius is a species of cyprinid fish native to India where it is found in sluggish streams in West Bengal, India. This species can reach a length of 3.0 centimetres (1.2 in) SL.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pethia"
]
}
|
Pethia canius is a species of cyprinid fish native to India where it is found in sluggish streams in West Bengal, India. This species can reach a length of 3.0 centimetres (1.2 in) SL.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pethia canius"
]
}
|
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail is a monorail line on the Palm Jumeirah island in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is operated by the UK based Serco. The monorail connects the Palm Jumeirah to the mainland, with a planned further extension to the Red Line of the Dubai Metro. The line opened on April 30, 2009. It is the first monorail in the Middle East.The trains are driverless, with attendants for any emergency situations.
History
Construction began on the 5.45-kilometre (3.39 mi) monorail line in March 2006, under the supervision of Marubeni Corporation, with the monorail track completed in July 2008 and vehicle testing beginning in November 2008. Originally planned to open by December 2008, the opening was delayed to April 30, 2009. In 2010, day-to-day operations were taken over by the British company Serco.The project budget is US$400 million, with an additional US$190M set aside for a 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) future extension to the Dubai Metro, while other sources state a budget of US$1.1 billion. A journey on the monorail costs Dhs20 one-way, 30 return.
The Al Ittihad Park station, originally intended to serve the cancelled Trump International Hotel and Tower development, was opened on July 3, 2017. Nakheel Mall station opened on November 28, 2019.
Technology
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail uses Hitachi Monorail straddle-type technology. The electro-mechanical works are carried out by ETA-Dubai in joint venture with Hitachi-Japan.
Ridership
The line has a theoretical capacity of 40,000 passengers per day, with trains running every few minutes during peak hours and every 15 to 20 minutes during off-peak hours. However, actual ridership averaged around 600 passengers per day during the first week, and the monorail is running "virtually empty". As of July 2017, the line runs every 11 minutes and averages 3,000 passengers per day.
Stations
Atlantis Aquaventure station — Atlantis, The Palm*
The Pointe station (Now opened)
Nakheel Mall station — formerly Trump Plaza and Village Center Station
Al Ittihad Park station
Palm Gateway station — Gateway Towers, connection to Dubai Tram at Palm Jumeirah station (out-of-station interchange)Planned extensionRed Line — connection to Dubai MetroDubai Internet City is the nearest metro station on the Dubai Metro Red Line.
Gallery
References
External links
Media related to Palm Jumeirah Monorail at Wikimedia Commons
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
84
],
"text": [
"United Arab Emirates"
]
}
|
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail is a monorail line on the Palm Jumeirah island in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is operated by the UK based Serco. The monorail connects the Palm Jumeirah to the mainland, with a planned further extension to the Red Line of the Dubai Metro. The line opened on April 30, 2009. It is the first monorail in the Middle East.The trains are driverless, with attendants for any emergency situations.
History
Construction began on the 5.45-kilometre (3.39 mi) monorail line in March 2006, under the supervision of Marubeni Corporation, with the monorail track completed in July 2008 and vehicle testing beginning in November 2008. Originally planned to open by December 2008, the opening was delayed to April 30, 2009. In 2010, day-to-day operations were taken over by the British company Serco.The project budget is US$400 million, with an additional US$190M set aside for a 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) future extension to the Dubai Metro, while other sources state a budget of US$1.1 billion. A journey on the monorail costs Dhs20 one-way, 30 return.
The Al Ittihad Park station, originally intended to serve the cancelled Trump International Hotel and Tower development, was opened on July 3, 2017. Nakheel Mall station opened on November 28, 2019.
Technology
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail uses Hitachi Monorail straddle-type technology. The electro-mechanical works are carried out by ETA-Dubai in joint venture with Hitachi-Japan.
Ridership
The line has a theoretical capacity of 40,000 passengers per day, with trains running every few minutes during peak hours and every 15 to 20 minutes during off-peak hours. However, actual ridership averaged around 600 passengers per day during the first week, and the monorail is running "virtually empty". As of July 2017, the line runs every 11 minutes and averages 3,000 passengers per day.
Stations
Atlantis Aquaventure station — Atlantis, The Palm*
The Pointe station (Now opened)
Nakheel Mall station — formerly Trump Plaza and Village Center Station
Al Ittihad Park station
Palm Gateway station — Gateway Towers, connection to Dubai Tram at Palm Jumeirah station (out-of-station interchange)Planned extensionRed Line — connection to Dubai MetroDubai Internet City is the nearest metro station on the Dubai Metro Red Line.
Gallery
References
External links
Media related to Palm Jumeirah Monorail at Wikimedia Commons
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"monorail"
]
}
|
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail is a monorail line on the Palm Jumeirah island in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is operated by the UK based Serco. The monorail connects the Palm Jumeirah to the mainland, with a planned further extension to the Red Line of the Dubai Metro. The line opened on April 30, 2009. It is the first monorail in the Middle East.The trains are driverless, with attendants for any emergency situations.
History
Construction began on the 5.45-kilometre (3.39 mi) monorail line in March 2006, under the supervision of Marubeni Corporation, with the monorail track completed in July 2008 and vehicle testing beginning in November 2008. Originally planned to open by December 2008, the opening was delayed to April 30, 2009. In 2010, day-to-day operations were taken over by the British company Serco.The project budget is US$400 million, with an additional US$190M set aside for a 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) future extension to the Dubai Metro, while other sources state a budget of US$1.1 billion. A journey on the monorail costs Dhs20 one-way, 30 return.
The Al Ittihad Park station, originally intended to serve the cancelled Trump International Hotel and Tower development, was opened on July 3, 2017. Nakheel Mall station opened on November 28, 2019.
Technology
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail uses Hitachi Monorail straddle-type technology. The electro-mechanical works are carried out by ETA-Dubai in joint venture with Hitachi-Japan.
Ridership
The line has a theoretical capacity of 40,000 passengers per day, with trains running every few minutes during peak hours and every 15 to 20 minutes during off-peak hours. However, actual ridership averaged around 600 passengers per day during the first week, and the monorail is running "virtually empty". As of July 2017, the line runs every 11 minutes and averages 3,000 passengers per day.
Stations
Atlantis Aquaventure station — Atlantis, The Palm*
The Pointe station (Now opened)
Nakheel Mall station — formerly Trump Plaza and Village Center Station
Al Ittihad Park station
Palm Gateway station — Gateway Towers, connection to Dubai Tram at Palm Jumeirah station (out-of-station interchange)Planned extensionRed Line — connection to Dubai MetroDubai Internet City is the nearest metro station on the Dubai Metro Red Line.
Gallery
References
External links
Media related to Palm Jumeirah Monorail at Wikimedia Commons
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"Dubai"
]
}
|
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail is a monorail line on the Palm Jumeirah island in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is operated by the UK based Serco. The monorail connects the Palm Jumeirah to the mainland, with a planned further extension to the Red Line of the Dubai Metro. The line opened on April 30, 2009. It is the first monorail in the Middle East.The trains are driverless, with attendants for any emergency situations.
History
Construction began on the 5.45-kilometre (3.39 mi) monorail line in March 2006, under the supervision of Marubeni Corporation, with the monorail track completed in July 2008 and vehicle testing beginning in November 2008. Originally planned to open by December 2008, the opening was delayed to April 30, 2009. In 2010, day-to-day operations were taken over by the British company Serco.The project budget is US$400 million, with an additional US$190M set aside for a 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) future extension to the Dubai Metro, while other sources state a budget of US$1.1 billion. A journey on the monorail costs Dhs20 one-way, 30 return.
The Al Ittihad Park station, originally intended to serve the cancelled Trump International Hotel and Tower development, was opened on July 3, 2017. Nakheel Mall station opened on November 28, 2019.
Technology
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail uses Hitachi Monorail straddle-type technology. The electro-mechanical works are carried out by ETA-Dubai in joint venture with Hitachi-Japan.
Ridership
The line has a theoretical capacity of 40,000 passengers per day, with trains running every few minutes during peak hours and every 15 to 20 minutes during off-peak hours. However, actual ridership averaged around 600 passengers per day during the first week, and the monorail is running "virtually empty". As of July 2017, the line runs every 11 minutes and averages 3,000 passengers per day.
Stations
Atlantis Aquaventure station — Atlantis, The Palm*
The Pointe station (Now opened)
Nakheel Mall station — formerly Trump Plaza and Village Center Station
Al Ittihad Park station
Palm Gateway station — Gateway Towers, connection to Dubai Tram at Palm Jumeirah station (out-of-station interchange)Planned extensionRed Line — connection to Dubai MetroDubai Internet City is the nearest metro station on the Dubai Metro Red Line.
Gallery
References
External links
Media related to Palm Jumeirah Monorail at Wikimedia Commons
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Palm Jumeirah Monorail"
]
}
|
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail is a monorail line on the Palm Jumeirah island in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is operated by the UK based Serco. The monorail connects the Palm Jumeirah to the mainland, with a planned further extension to the Red Line of the Dubai Metro. The line opened on April 30, 2009. It is the first monorail in the Middle East.The trains are driverless, with attendants for any emergency situations.
History
Construction began on the 5.45-kilometre (3.39 mi) monorail line in March 2006, under the supervision of Marubeni Corporation, with the monorail track completed in July 2008 and vehicle testing beginning in November 2008. Originally planned to open by December 2008, the opening was delayed to April 30, 2009. In 2010, day-to-day operations were taken over by the British company Serco.The project budget is US$400 million, with an additional US$190M set aside for a 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) future extension to the Dubai Metro, while other sources state a budget of US$1.1 billion. A journey on the monorail costs Dhs20 one-way, 30 return.
The Al Ittihad Park station, originally intended to serve the cancelled Trump International Hotel and Tower development, was opened on July 3, 2017. Nakheel Mall station opened on November 28, 2019.
Technology
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail uses Hitachi Monorail straddle-type technology. The electro-mechanical works are carried out by ETA-Dubai in joint venture with Hitachi-Japan.
Ridership
The line has a theoretical capacity of 40,000 passengers per day, with trains running every few minutes during peak hours and every 15 to 20 minutes during off-peak hours. However, actual ridership averaged around 600 passengers per day during the first week, and the monorail is running "virtually empty". As of July 2017, the line runs every 11 minutes and averages 3,000 passengers per day.
Stations
Atlantis Aquaventure station — Atlantis, The Palm*
The Pointe station (Now opened)
Nakheel Mall station — formerly Trump Plaza and Village Center Station
Al Ittihad Park station
Palm Gateway station — Gateway Towers, connection to Dubai Tram at Palm Jumeirah station (out-of-station interchange)Planned extensionRed Line — connection to Dubai MetroDubai Internet City is the nearest metro station on the Dubai Metro Red Line.
Gallery
References
External links
Media related to Palm Jumeirah Monorail at Wikimedia Commons
|
has part(s)
|
{
"answer_start": [
1312
],
"text": [
"Hitachi Monorail"
]
}
|
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail is a monorail line on the Palm Jumeirah island in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is operated by the UK based Serco. The monorail connects the Palm Jumeirah to the mainland, with a planned further extension to the Red Line of the Dubai Metro. The line opened on April 30, 2009. It is the first monorail in the Middle East.The trains are driverless, with attendants for any emergency situations.
History
Construction began on the 5.45-kilometre (3.39 mi) monorail line in March 2006, under the supervision of Marubeni Corporation, with the monorail track completed in July 2008 and vehicle testing beginning in November 2008. Originally planned to open by December 2008, the opening was delayed to April 30, 2009. In 2010, day-to-day operations were taken over by the British company Serco.The project budget is US$400 million, with an additional US$190M set aside for a 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) future extension to the Dubai Metro, while other sources state a budget of US$1.1 billion. A journey on the monorail costs Dhs20 one-way, 30 return.
The Al Ittihad Park station, originally intended to serve the cancelled Trump International Hotel and Tower development, was opened on July 3, 2017. Nakheel Mall station opened on November 28, 2019.
Technology
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail uses Hitachi Monorail straddle-type technology. The electro-mechanical works are carried out by ETA-Dubai in joint venture with Hitachi-Japan.
Ridership
The line has a theoretical capacity of 40,000 passengers per day, with trains running every few minutes during peak hours and every 15 to 20 minutes during off-peak hours. However, actual ridership averaged around 600 passengers per day during the first week, and the monorail is running "virtually empty". As of July 2017, the line runs every 11 minutes and averages 3,000 passengers per day.
Stations
Atlantis Aquaventure station — Atlantis, The Palm*
The Pointe station (Now opened)
Nakheel Mall station — formerly Trump Plaza and Village Center Station
Al Ittihad Park station
Palm Gateway station — Gateway Towers, connection to Dubai Tram at Palm Jumeirah station (out-of-station interchange)Planned extensionRed Line — connection to Dubai MetroDubai Internet City is the nearest metro station on the Dubai Metro Red Line.
Gallery
References
External links
Media related to Palm Jumeirah Monorail at Wikimedia Commons
|
length
|
{
"answer_start": [
458
],
"text": [
"5.45"
]
}
|
The Greasy Strangler is a 2016 American black comedy horror film directed by Jim Hosking, and written by Hosking and Toby Harvard. The film stars Michael St. Michaels, Sky Elobar, Elizabeth De Razzo, Gil Gex, Abdoulaye NGom and Holland MacFallister. The film was released on October 7, 2016 by FilmRise.
Plot
Big Ronnie, a pathological liar who fabricates stories about disco groups like the Bee Gees, runs a disco-themed walking location tour in his town, alongside his son Big Brayden, who aspires to be a space fantasy author. Ronnie allows Brayden to live with him on the condition that Brayden prepares excessively greasy food for him. Ronnie asserts that Brayden drove his mother away, though truthfully, she left Ronnie for a man named Ricky Prickles.
At night, Ronnie completely covers himself in grease and strangles residents of the town, soon becoming dubbed "The Greasy Strangler." After his killings, he cleans himself of the grease by standing in a car wash run by a blind man named Big Paul. During one of the walking tours, Brayden meets a woman named Janet, and they begin a romantic relationship. One night, Ronnie strangles a hot dog vendor he had gotten in an argument with earlier, causing his eyes to pop out of his head, which Ronnie cooks and eats.
One night, Brayden and Janet have sex. Ronnie attempts to seduce her the next morning before he kills Oinker, Brayden's best friend. He later takes Janet out to a discotheque, threatening to evict Brayden if he does not allow him to. There, Ronnie attempts to kiss Janet, but she resists, saying that she may be in love with Brayden. Ronnie later has sex with Janet. They mock Brayden when he runs from the house in despair. This later leads to a heated argument between Ronnie and Brayden.
One night, Brayden professes his love to Janet. Ronnie overhears this before going to the car wash to strangle and decapitate Paul. The next morning, Brayden calls a detective named Jody and reports that Ronnie may be the Greasy Strangler. Jody - who is actually Ronnie in disguise - visits the house the next day, and Brayden and Janet show him a spot of oil left behind on the carpet as evidence that Ronnie is the Greasy Strangler. Jody concludes that the oil is meaningless circumstantial evidence, and demands that they end all inquiries about Ronnie having committed the murders.
That night, Janet declares her mutual love for Brayden, and they decide to get married. Ronnie, hiding under the bed, reveals himself, claiming Janet as his lover and evicting Brayden. Janet replies that Brayden can live with him. Ronnie covers himself in grease, slaps Brayden, and drags Janet out of the house with him. Brayden covers himself in grease as well and follows the two to a movie theatre, where Ronnie is strangling Janet. Brayden strangles her instead. Her eyes pop out of her head, which both he and Ronnie consume.
The next day, on a beach, Ronnie reveals that he cares for Brayden, despite his annoyance with him. They bond over, in hindsight, their disgust with Janet. They cover themselves in grease and head to a forest where they murder Ricky Prickles. They then witness themselves being executed by firing squad, watching as confetti and champagne explode from their heads. They venture deeper into the forest, still covered in grease, and primally shake wooden spears at the camera.
Cast
Release
The Greasy Strangler premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2016. The film was released on October 7, 2016, by FilmRise.
Critical reception
The film received mixed reviews from critics. As of June 2020, it has a 63% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 52 reviews, with an average score of 5.59/10. The site's consensus states: "The Greasy Strangler definitely isn't for everyone, but filmgoers in step with its off-kilter stride are in store for a singular cinematic experience." On Metacritic, the film has a 58 out of 100 rating, based on 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Jordan Hoffman, film critic of the British newspaper The Guardian, described the film as "the relentless monstrosity of a film is rife with fetishized cellulite, disgusting food and firehose penises. It’s not for everyone – but perhaps it should be", in a four-star review.Peter Bradshaw, film critic of the British newspaper The Guardian, described the film as providing "uncompromising yuckiness" as well as laughs, in a three-star review.James Franco wrote an article about The Greasy Strangler for his 'James Franco's Movie Column' in Indiewire: "Fake Penises Aren’t the Only Funny Thing About The Greasy Strangler."The Greasy Strangler won The Discovery Award at the British Independent Film Awards 2017.The Greasy Strangler won Best Comedy at The Empire Magazine Film Awards 2017.
References
External links
The Greasy Strangler at IMDb
The Greasy Strangler at Rotten Tomatoes
The Greasy Strangler at Metacritic
The Greasy Strangler at Box Office Mojo
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"film"
]
}
|
The Greasy Strangler is a 2016 American black comedy horror film directed by Jim Hosking, and written by Hosking and Toby Harvard. The film stars Michael St. Michaels, Sky Elobar, Elizabeth De Razzo, Gil Gex, Abdoulaye NGom and Holland MacFallister. The film was released on October 7, 2016 by FilmRise.
Plot
Big Ronnie, a pathological liar who fabricates stories about disco groups like the Bee Gees, runs a disco-themed walking location tour in his town, alongside his son Big Brayden, who aspires to be a space fantasy author. Ronnie allows Brayden to live with him on the condition that Brayden prepares excessively greasy food for him. Ronnie asserts that Brayden drove his mother away, though truthfully, she left Ronnie for a man named Ricky Prickles.
At night, Ronnie completely covers himself in grease and strangles residents of the town, soon becoming dubbed "The Greasy Strangler." After his killings, he cleans himself of the grease by standing in a car wash run by a blind man named Big Paul. During one of the walking tours, Brayden meets a woman named Janet, and they begin a romantic relationship. One night, Ronnie strangles a hot dog vendor he had gotten in an argument with earlier, causing his eyes to pop out of his head, which Ronnie cooks and eats.
One night, Brayden and Janet have sex. Ronnie attempts to seduce her the next morning before he kills Oinker, Brayden's best friend. He later takes Janet out to a discotheque, threatening to evict Brayden if he does not allow him to. There, Ronnie attempts to kiss Janet, but she resists, saying that she may be in love with Brayden. Ronnie later has sex with Janet. They mock Brayden when he runs from the house in despair. This later leads to a heated argument between Ronnie and Brayden.
One night, Brayden professes his love to Janet. Ronnie overhears this before going to the car wash to strangle and decapitate Paul. The next morning, Brayden calls a detective named Jody and reports that Ronnie may be the Greasy Strangler. Jody - who is actually Ronnie in disguise - visits the house the next day, and Brayden and Janet show him a spot of oil left behind on the carpet as evidence that Ronnie is the Greasy Strangler. Jody concludes that the oil is meaningless circumstantial evidence, and demands that they end all inquiries about Ronnie having committed the murders.
That night, Janet declares her mutual love for Brayden, and they decide to get married. Ronnie, hiding under the bed, reveals himself, claiming Janet as his lover and evicting Brayden. Janet replies that Brayden can live with him. Ronnie covers himself in grease, slaps Brayden, and drags Janet out of the house with him. Brayden covers himself in grease as well and follows the two to a movie theatre, where Ronnie is strangling Janet. Brayden strangles her instead. Her eyes pop out of her head, which both he and Ronnie consume.
The next day, on a beach, Ronnie reveals that he cares for Brayden, despite his annoyance with him. They bond over, in hindsight, their disgust with Janet. They cover themselves in grease and head to a forest where they murder Ricky Prickles. They then witness themselves being executed by firing squad, watching as confetti and champagne explode from their heads. They venture deeper into the forest, still covered in grease, and primally shake wooden spears at the camera.
Cast
Release
The Greasy Strangler premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2016. The film was released on October 7, 2016, by FilmRise.
Critical reception
The film received mixed reviews from critics. As of June 2020, it has a 63% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 52 reviews, with an average score of 5.59/10. The site's consensus states: "The Greasy Strangler definitely isn't for everyone, but filmgoers in step with its off-kilter stride are in store for a singular cinematic experience." On Metacritic, the film has a 58 out of 100 rating, based on 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Jordan Hoffman, film critic of the British newspaper The Guardian, described the film as "the relentless monstrosity of a film is rife with fetishized cellulite, disgusting food and firehose penises. It’s not for everyone – but perhaps it should be", in a four-star review.Peter Bradshaw, film critic of the British newspaper The Guardian, described the film as providing "uncompromising yuckiness" as well as laughs, in a three-star review.James Franco wrote an article about The Greasy Strangler for his 'James Franco's Movie Column' in Indiewire: "Fake Penises Aren’t the Only Funny Thing About The Greasy Strangler."The Greasy Strangler won The Discovery Award at the British Independent Film Awards 2017.The Greasy Strangler won Best Comedy at The Empire Magazine Film Awards 2017.
References
External links
The Greasy Strangler at IMDb
The Greasy Strangler at Rotten Tomatoes
The Greasy Strangler at Metacritic
The Greasy Strangler at Box Office Mojo
|
director
|
{
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"Jim Hosking"
]
}
|
The Greasy Strangler is a 2016 American black comedy horror film directed by Jim Hosking, and written by Hosking and Toby Harvard. The film stars Michael St. Michaels, Sky Elobar, Elizabeth De Razzo, Gil Gex, Abdoulaye NGom and Holland MacFallister. The film was released on October 7, 2016 by FilmRise.
Plot
Big Ronnie, a pathological liar who fabricates stories about disco groups like the Bee Gees, runs a disco-themed walking location tour in his town, alongside his son Big Brayden, who aspires to be a space fantasy author. Ronnie allows Brayden to live with him on the condition that Brayden prepares excessively greasy food for him. Ronnie asserts that Brayden drove his mother away, though truthfully, she left Ronnie for a man named Ricky Prickles.
At night, Ronnie completely covers himself in grease and strangles residents of the town, soon becoming dubbed "The Greasy Strangler." After his killings, he cleans himself of the grease by standing in a car wash run by a blind man named Big Paul. During one of the walking tours, Brayden meets a woman named Janet, and they begin a romantic relationship. One night, Ronnie strangles a hot dog vendor he had gotten in an argument with earlier, causing his eyes to pop out of his head, which Ronnie cooks and eats.
One night, Brayden and Janet have sex. Ronnie attempts to seduce her the next morning before he kills Oinker, Brayden's best friend. He later takes Janet out to a discotheque, threatening to evict Brayden if he does not allow him to. There, Ronnie attempts to kiss Janet, but she resists, saying that she may be in love with Brayden. Ronnie later has sex with Janet. They mock Brayden when he runs from the house in despair. This later leads to a heated argument between Ronnie and Brayden.
One night, Brayden professes his love to Janet. Ronnie overhears this before going to the car wash to strangle and decapitate Paul. The next morning, Brayden calls a detective named Jody and reports that Ronnie may be the Greasy Strangler. Jody - who is actually Ronnie in disguise - visits the house the next day, and Brayden and Janet show him a spot of oil left behind on the carpet as evidence that Ronnie is the Greasy Strangler. Jody concludes that the oil is meaningless circumstantial evidence, and demands that they end all inquiries about Ronnie having committed the murders.
That night, Janet declares her mutual love for Brayden, and they decide to get married. Ronnie, hiding under the bed, reveals himself, claiming Janet as his lover and evicting Brayden. Janet replies that Brayden can live with him. Ronnie covers himself in grease, slaps Brayden, and drags Janet out of the house with him. Brayden covers himself in grease as well and follows the two to a movie theatre, where Ronnie is strangling Janet. Brayden strangles her instead. Her eyes pop out of her head, which both he and Ronnie consume.
The next day, on a beach, Ronnie reveals that he cares for Brayden, despite his annoyance with him. They bond over, in hindsight, their disgust with Janet. They cover themselves in grease and head to a forest where they murder Ricky Prickles. They then witness themselves being executed by firing squad, watching as confetti and champagne explode from their heads. They venture deeper into the forest, still covered in grease, and primally shake wooden spears at the camera.
Cast
Release
The Greasy Strangler premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2016. The film was released on October 7, 2016, by FilmRise.
Critical reception
The film received mixed reviews from critics. As of June 2020, it has a 63% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 52 reviews, with an average score of 5.59/10. The site's consensus states: "The Greasy Strangler definitely isn't for everyone, but filmgoers in step with its off-kilter stride are in store for a singular cinematic experience." On Metacritic, the film has a 58 out of 100 rating, based on 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Jordan Hoffman, film critic of the British newspaper The Guardian, described the film as "the relentless monstrosity of a film is rife with fetishized cellulite, disgusting food and firehose penises. It’s not for everyone – but perhaps it should be", in a four-star review.Peter Bradshaw, film critic of the British newspaper The Guardian, described the film as providing "uncompromising yuckiness" as well as laughs, in a three-star review.James Franco wrote an article about The Greasy Strangler for his 'James Franco's Movie Column' in Indiewire: "Fake Penises Aren’t the Only Funny Thing About The Greasy Strangler."The Greasy Strangler won The Discovery Award at the British Independent Film Awards 2017.The Greasy Strangler won Best Comedy at The Empire Magazine Film Awards 2017.
References
External links
The Greasy Strangler at IMDb
The Greasy Strangler at Rotten Tomatoes
The Greasy Strangler at Metacritic
The Greasy Strangler at Box Office Mojo
|
genre
|
{
"answer_start": [
46
],
"text": [
"comedy horror"
]
}
|
The Greasy Strangler is a 2016 American black comedy horror film directed by Jim Hosking, and written by Hosking and Toby Harvard. The film stars Michael St. Michaels, Sky Elobar, Elizabeth De Razzo, Gil Gex, Abdoulaye NGom and Holland MacFallister. The film was released on October 7, 2016 by FilmRise.
Plot
Big Ronnie, a pathological liar who fabricates stories about disco groups like the Bee Gees, runs a disco-themed walking location tour in his town, alongside his son Big Brayden, who aspires to be a space fantasy author. Ronnie allows Brayden to live with him on the condition that Brayden prepares excessively greasy food for him. Ronnie asserts that Brayden drove his mother away, though truthfully, she left Ronnie for a man named Ricky Prickles.
At night, Ronnie completely covers himself in grease and strangles residents of the town, soon becoming dubbed "The Greasy Strangler." After his killings, he cleans himself of the grease by standing in a car wash run by a blind man named Big Paul. During one of the walking tours, Brayden meets a woman named Janet, and they begin a romantic relationship. One night, Ronnie strangles a hot dog vendor he had gotten in an argument with earlier, causing his eyes to pop out of his head, which Ronnie cooks and eats.
One night, Brayden and Janet have sex. Ronnie attempts to seduce her the next morning before he kills Oinker, Brayden's best friend. He later takes Janet out to a discotheque, threatening to evict Brayden if he does not allow him to. There, Ronnie attempts to kiss Janet, but she resists, saying that she may be in love with Brayden. Ronnie later has sex with Janet. They mock Brayden when he runs from the house in despair. This later leads to a heated argument between Ronnie and Brayden.
One night, Brayden professes his love to Janet. Ronnie overhears this before going to the car wash to strangle and decapitate Paul. The next morning, Brayden calls a detective named Jody and reports that Ronnie may be the Greasy Strangler. Jody - who is actually Ronnie in disguise - visits the house the next day, and Brayden and Janet show him a spot of oil left behind on the carpet as evidence that Ronnie is the Greasy Strangler. Jody concludes that the oil is meaningless circumstantial evidence, and demands that they end all inquiries about Ronnie having committed the murders.
That night, Janet declares her mutual love for Brayden, and they decide to get married. Ronnie, hiding under the bed, reveals himself, claiming Janet as his lover and evicting Brayden. Janet replies that Brayden can live with him. Ronnie covers himself in grease, slaps Brayden, and drags Janet out of the house with him. Brayden covers himself in grease as well and follows the two to a movie theatre, where Ronnie is strangling Janet. Brayden strangles her instead. Her eyes pop out of her head, which both he and Ronnie consume.
The next day, on a beach, Ronnie reveals that he cares for Brayden, despite his annoyance with him. They bond over, in hindsight, their disgust with Janet. They cover themselves in grease and head to a forest where they murder Ricky Prickles. They then witness themselves being executed by firing squad, watching as confetti and champagne explode from their heads. They venture deeper into the forest, still covered in grease, and primally shake wooden spears at the camera.
Cast
Release
The Greasy Strangler premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2016. The film was released on October 7, 2016, by FilmRise.
Critical reception
The film received mixed reviews from critics. As of June 2020, it has a 63% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 52 reviews, with an average score of 5.59/10. The site's consensus states: "The Greasy Strangler definitely isn't for everyone, but filmgoers in step with its off-kilter stride are in store for a singular cinematic experience." On Metacritic, the film has a 58 out of 100 rating, based on 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Jordan Hoffman, film critic of the British newspaper The Guardian, described the film as "the relentless monstrosity of a film is rife with fetishized cellulite, disgusting food and firehose penises. It’s not for everyone – but perhaps it should be", in a four-star review.Peter Bradshaw, film critic of the British newspaper The Guardian, described the film as providing "uncompromising yuckiness" as well as laughs, in a three-star review.James Franco wrote an article about The Greasy Strangler for his 'James Franco's Movie Column' in Indiewire: "Fake Penises Aren’t the Only Funny Thing About The Greasy Strangler."The Greasy Strangler won The Discovery Award at the British Independent Film Awards 2017.The Greasy Strangler won Best Comedy at The Empire Magazine Film Awards 2017.
References
External links
The Greasy Strangler at IMDb
The Greasy Strangler at Rotten Tomatoes
The Greasy Strangler at Metacritic
The Greasy Strangler at Box Office Mojo
|
distributed by
|
{
"answer_start": [
294
],
"text": [
"FilmRise"
]
}
|
The Greasy Strangler is a 2016 American black comedy horror film directed by Jim Hosking, and written by Hosking and Toby Harvard. The film stars Michael St. Michaels, Sky Elobar, Elizabeth De Razzo, Gil Gex, Abdoulaye NGom and Holland MacFallister. The film was released on October 7, 2016 by FilmRise.
Plot
Big Ronnie, a pathological liar who fabricates stories about disco groups like the Bee Gees, runs a disco-themed walking location tour in his town, alongside his son Big Brayden, who aspires to be a space fantasy author. Ronnie allows Brayden to live with him on the condition that Brayden prepares excessively greasy food for him. Ronnie asserts that Brayden drove his mother away, though truthfully, she left Ronnie for a man named Ricky Prickles.
At night, Ronnie completely covers himself in grease and strangles residents of the town, soon becoming dubbed "The Greasy Strangler." After his killings, he cleans himself of the grease by standing in a car wash run by a blind man named Big Paul. During one of the walking tours, Brayden meets a woman named Janet, and they begin a romantic relationship. One night, Ronnie strangles a hot dog vendor he had gotten in an argument with earlier, causing his eyes to pop out of his head, which Ronnie cooks and eats.
One night, Brayden and Janet have sex. Ronnie attempts to seduce her the next morning before he kills Oinker, Brayden's best friend. He later takes Janet out to a discotheque, threatening to evict Brayden if he does not allow him to. There, Ronnie attempts to kiss Janet, but she resists, saying that she may be in love with Brayden. Ronnie later has sex with Janet. They mock Brayden when he runs from the house in despair. This later leads to a heated argument between Ronnie and Brayden.
One night, Brayden professes his love to Janet. Ronnie overhears this before going to the car wash to strangle and decapitate Paul. The next morning, Brayden calls a detective named Jody and reports that Ronnie may be the Greasy Strangler. Jody - who is actually Ronnie in disguise - visits the house the next day, and Brayden and Janet show him a spot of oil left behind on the carpet as evidence that Ronnie is the Greasy Strangler. Jody concludes that the oil is meaningless circumstantial evidence, and demands that they end all inquiries about Ronnie having committed the murders.
That night, Janet declares her mutual love for Brayden, and they decide to get married. Ronnie, hiding under the bed, reveals himself, claiming Janet as his lover and evicting Brayden. Janet replies that Brayden can live with him. Ronnie covers himself in grease, slaps Brayden, and drags Janet out of the house with him. Brayden covers himself in grease as well and follows the two to a movie theatre, where Ronnie is strangling Janet. Brayden strangles her instead. Her eyes pop out of her head, which both he and Ronnie consume.
The next day, on a beach, Ronnie reveals that he cares for Brayden, despite his annoyance with him. They bond over, in hindsight, their disgust with Janet. They cover themselves in grease and head to a forest where they murder Ricky Prickles. They then witness themselves being executed by firing squad, watching as confetti and champagne explode from their heads. They venture deeper into the forest, still covered in grease, and primally shake wooden spears at the camera.
Cast
Release
The Greasy Strangler premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2016. The film was released on October 7, 2016, by FilmRise.
Critical reception
The film received mixed reviews from critics. As of June 2020, it has a 63% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 52 reviews, with an average score of 5.59/10. The site's consensus states: "The Greasy Strangler definitely isn't for everyone, but filmgoers in step with its off-kilter stride are in store for a singular cinematic experience." On Metacritic, the film has a 58 out of 100 rating, based on 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Jordan Hoffman, film critic of the British newspaper The Guardian, described the film as "the relentless monstrosity of a film is rife with fetishized cellulite, disgusting food and firehose penises. It’s not for everyone – but perhaps it should be", in a four-star review.Peter Bradshaw, film critic of the British newspaper The Guardian, described the film as providing "uncompromising yuckiness" as well as laughs, in a three-star review.James Franco wrote an article about The Greasy Strangler for his 'James Franco's Movie Column' in Indiewire: "Fake Penises Aren’t the Only Funny Thing About The Greasy Strangler."The Greasy Strangler won The Discovery Award at the British Independent Film Awards 2017.The Greasy Strangler won Best Comedy at The Empire Magazine Film Awards 2017.
References
External links
The Greasy Strangler at IMDb
The Greasy Strangler at Rotten Tomatoes
The Greasy Strangler at Metacritic
The Greasy Strangler at Box Office Mojo
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The Greasy Strangler"
]
}
|
Cers may refer to:
Cers (wind), very strong wind in the bas-Languedoc region of France
Cers, Hérault, France
CERS Cup, a roller hockey competition organized by the Comitée Européen de Rink-Hockey
CERS (Centre for Relationship Marketing and Service Management), a research centre at the Hanken School of Economics, Finland
Centre D'Etudes et de Recherches Scientifiques, a Syrian government agency
Ceramide synthase (CerS), an enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes the synthesis of ceramide
See also
Cer (disambiguation)
|
subclass of
|
{
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"wind"
]
}
|
Cers may refer to:
Cers (wind), very strong wind in the bas-Languedoc region of France
Cers, Hérault, France
CERS Cup, a roller hockey competition organized by the Comitée Européen de Rink-Hockey
CERS (Centre for Relationship Marketing and Service Management), a research centre at the Hanken School of Economics, Finland
Centre D'Etudes et de Recherches Scientifiques, a Syrian government agency
Ceramide synthase (CerS), an enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes the synthesis of ceramide
See also
Cer (disambiguation)
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"France"
]
}
|
Cers may refer to:
Cers (wind), very strong wind in the bas-Languedoc region of France
Cers, Hérault, France
CERS Cup, a roller hockey competition organized by the Comitée Européen de Rink-Hockey
CERS (Centre for Relationship Marketing and Service Management), a research centre at the Hanken School of Economics, Finland
Centre D'Etudes et de Recherches Scientifiques, a Syrian government agency
Ceramide synthase (CerS), an enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes the synthesis of ceramide
See also
Cer (disambiguation)
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"Hérault"
]
}
|
Cers may refer to:
Cers (wind), very strong wind in the bas-Languedoc region of France
Cers, Hérault, France
CERS Cup, a roller hockey competition organized by the Comitée Européen de Rink-Hockey
CERS (Centre for Relationship Marketing and Service Management), a research centre at the Hanken School of Economics, Finland
Centre D'Etudes et de Recherches Scientifiques, a Syrian government agency
Ceramide synthase (CerS), an enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes the synthesis of ceramide
See also
Cer (disambiguation)
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Cers"
]
}
|
Cers may refer to:
Cers (wind), very strong wind in the bas-Languedoc region of France
Cers, Hérault, France
CERS Cup, a roller hockey competition organized by the Comitée Européen de Rink-Hockey
CERS (Centre for Relationship Marketing and Service Management), a research centre at the Hanken School of Economics, Finland
Centre D'Etudes et de Recherches Scientifiques, a Syrian government agency
Ceramide synthase (CerS), an enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes the synthesis of ceramide
See also
Cer (disambiguation)
|
Commons gallery
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Cers"
]
}
|
Cers may refer to:
Cers (wind), very strong wind in the bas-Languedoc region of France
Cers, Hérault, France
CERS Cup, a roller hockey competition organized by the Comitée Européen de Rink-Hockey
CERS (Centre for Relationship Marketing and Service Management), a research centre at the Hanken School of Economics, Finland
Centre D'Etudes et de Recherches Scientifiques, a Syrian government agency
Ceramide synthase (CerS), an enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes the synthesis of ceramide
See also
Cer (disambiguation)
|
official name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Cers"
]
}
|
Norman Johnson may refer to:
Norman Johnson (priest) (1804–1890), Scottish priest
Norman Lloyd Johnson (1917–2004), British statistician
Norman Miller Johnson (1887–1949), Scottish minister and author
Norman S. Johnson, dentist and an Australian and international Scouting official
Norman Johnson (mathematician) (1930–2017), Canadian pure mathematician
Norm Johnson (ice hockey) (1932–2016), Canadian hockey player
Norm Johnson (politician) (born 1941), member of the Washington House of Representatives
General Norman Johnson (1943–2010), American musician
Norm Johnson (born 1960), American football player
See also
E. Normus Johnson, a Big Johnson character
Norm Johnstone (1927–2013), Australian rules footballer
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
299
],
"text": [
"mathematician"
]
}
|
Norman Johnson may refer to:
Norman Johnson (priest) (1804–1890), Scottish priest
Norman Lloyd Johnson (1917–2004), British statistician
Norman Miller Johnson (1887–1949), Scottish minister and author
Norman S. Johnson, dentist and an Australian and international Scouting official
Norman Johnson (mathematician) (1930–2017), Canadian pure mathematician
Norm Johnson (ice hockey) (1932–2016), Canadian hockey player
Norm Johnson (politician) (born 1941), member of the Washington House of Representatives
General Norman Johnson (1943–2010), American musician
Norm Johnson (born 1960), American football player
See also
E. Normus Johnson, a Big Johnson character
Norm Johnstone (1927–2013), Australian rules footballer
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
283
],
"text": [
"Norman Johnson (mathematician)"
]
}
|
Norman Johnson may refer to:
Norman Johnson (priest) (1804–1890), Scottish priest
Norman Lloyd Johnson (1917–2004), British statistician
Norman Miller Johnson (1887–1949), Scottish minister and author
Norman S. Johnson, dentist and an Australian and international Scouting official
Norman Johnson (mathematician) (1930–2017), Canadian pure mathematician
Norm Johnson (ice hockey) (1932–2016), Canadian hockey player
Norm Johnson (politician) (born 1941), member of the Washington House of Representatives
General Norman Johnson (1943–2010), American musician
Norm Johnson (born 1960), American football player
See also
E. Normus Johnson, a Big Johnson character
Norm Johnstone (1927–2013), Australian rules footballer
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"Johnson"
]
}
|
Norman Johnson may refer to:
Norman Johnson (priest) (1804–1890), Scottish priest
Norman Lloyd Johnson (1917–2004), British statistician
Norman Miller Johnson (1887–1949), Scottish minister and author
Norman S. Johnson, dentist and an Australian and international Scouting official
Norman Johnson (mathematician) (1930–2017), Canadian pure mathematician
Norm Johnson (ice hockey) (1932–2016), Canadian hockey player
Norm Johnson (politician) (born 1941), member of the Washington House of Representatives
General Norman Johnson (1943–2010), American musician
Norm Johnson (born 1960), American football player
See also
E. Normus Johnson, a Big Johnson character
Norm Johnstone (1927–2013), Australian rules footballer
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Norman"
]
}
|
Norman Johnson may refer to:
Norman Johnson (priest) (1804–1890), Scottish priest
Norman Lloyd Johnson (1917–2004), British statistician
Norman Miller Johnson (1887–1949), Scottish minister and author
Norman S. Johnson, dentist and an Australian and international Scouting official
Norman Johnson (mathematician) (1930–2017), Canadian pure mathematician
Norm Johnson (ice hockey) (1932–2016), Canadian hockey player
Norm Johnson (politician) (born 1941), member of the Washington House of Representatives
General Norman Johnson (1943–2010), American musician
Norm Johnson (born 1960), American football player
See also
E. Normus Johnson, a Big Johnson character
Norm Johnstone (1927–2013), Australian rules footballer
|
Erdős number
|
{
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"2"
]
}
|
Dancing in Your Head is a studio album by jazz artist Ornette Coleman, released in 1977 by Horizon Records.
Recording
"Theme from a Symphony" was the first recording to feature Coleman's electric band, which later became known as Prime Time. The symphony referenced is Coleman's own Skies of America.
William S. Burroughs was present for the recording of "Midnight Sunrise", which was recorded with the Master Musicians of Jajouka in 1973. The compact disc reissue features an alternate take of this composition, which is not present on the vinyl or earlier CD issue.
Release
Dancing in Your Head was released originally on A&M Records, but it was re-mastered and re-released in 2000 on A&M/Verve/Universal Records. Its catalog number is 543 519.
Critical reception
Dancing in Your Head was voted the 15th best album of the year in The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics poll for 1977. It was the first album by a jazz artist to make the poll. Robert Christgau, the poll's creator, ranked it number 11 on his own year-end list.
The album was identified by Chris Kelsey in his Allmusic essay "Free Jazz: A Subjective History" as one of the 20 Essential Free Jazz Albums.
Legacy
"Midnight Sunrise" was featured in the film Naked Lunch, an allusion to the fact that William S. Burroughs, the author of the book of the same name, which the film is partially based on, was present during the recording sessions of this composition.
Track listing
Personnel
Ornette Coleman - alto saxophone
Bern Nix - 1st lead guitar
Charlie Ellerbee - 2nd lead guitar
Rudy McDaniel - Bass guitar
Shannon Jackson - drums
Robert Palmer - clarinet on "Midnight Sunrise"
Master Musicians of Jajouka on "Midnight Sunrise"
References
External links
The Wire′s "100 Records That Set The World On Fire (When No One Was Listening)" at Discogs
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"album"
]
}
|
Dancing in Your Head is a studio album by jazz artist Ornette Coleman, released in 1977 by Horizon Records.
Recording
"Theme from a Symphony" was the first recording to feature Coleman's electric band, which later became known as Prime Time. The symphony referenced is Coleman's own Skies of America.
William S. Burroughs was present for the recording of "Midnight Sunrise", which was recorded with the Master Musicians of Jajouka in 1973. The compact disc reissue features an alternate take of this composition, which is not present on the vinyl or earlier CD issue.
Release
Dancing in Your Head was released originally on A&M Records, but it was re-mastered and re-released in 2000 on A&M/Verve/Universal Records. Its catalog number is 543 519.
Critical reception
Dancing in Your Head was voted the 15th best album of the year in The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics poll for 1977. It was the first album by a jazz artist to make the poll. Robert Christgau, the poll's creator, ranked it number 11 on his own year-end list.
The album was identified by Chris Kelsey in his Allmusic essay "Free Jazz: A Subjective History" as one of the 20 Essential Free Jazz Albums.
Legacy
"Midnight Sunrise" was featured in the film Naked Lunch, an allusion to the fact that William S. Burroughs, the author of the book of the same name, which the film is partially based on, was present during the recording sessions of this composition.
Track listing
Personnel
Ornette Coleman - alto saxophone
Bern Nix - 1st lead guitar
Charlie Ellerbee - 2nd lead guitar
Rudy McDaniel - Bass guitar
Shannon Jackson - drums
Robert Palmer - clarinet on "Midnight Sunrise"
Master Musicians of Jajouka on "Midnight Sunrise"
References
External links
The Wire′s "100 Records That Set The World On Fire (When No One Was Listening)" at Discogs
|
follows
|
{
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"Skies of America"
]
}
|
Dancing in Your Head is a studio album by jazz artist Ornette Coleman, released in 1977 by Horizon Records.
Recording
"Theme from a Symphony" was the first recording to feature Coleman's electric band, which later became known as Prime Time. The symphony referenced is Coleman's own Skies of America.
William S. Burroughs was present for the recording of "Midnight Sunrise", which was recorded with the Master Musicians of Jajouka in 1973. The compact disc reissue features an alternate take of this composition, which is not present on the vinyl or earlier CD issue.
Release
Dancing in Your Head was released originally on A&M Records, but it was re-mastered and re-released in 2000 on A&M/Verve/Universal Records. Its catalog number is 543 519.
Critical reception
Dancing in Your Head was voted the 15th best album of the year in The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics poll for 1977. It was the first album by a jazz artist to make the poll. Robert Christgau, the poll's creator, ranked it number 11 on his own year-end list.
The album was identified by Chris Kelsey in his Allmusic essay "Free Jazz: A Subjective History" as one of the 20 Essential Free Jazz Albums.
Legacy
"Midnight Sunrise" was featured in the film Naked Lunch, an allusion to the fact that William S. Burroughs, the author of the book of the same name, which the film is partially based on, was present during the recording sessions of this composition.
Track listing
Personnel
Ornette Coleman - alto saxophone
Bern Nix - 1st lead guitar
Charlie Ellerbee - 2nd lead guitar
Rudy McDaniel - Bass guitar
Shannon Jackson - drums
Robert Palmer - clarinet on "Midnight Sunrise"
Master Musicians of Jajouka on "Midnight Sunrise"
References
External links
The Wire′s "100 Records That Set The World On Fire (When No One Was Listening)" at Discogs
|
producer
|
{
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"Ornette Coleman"
]
}
|
Dancing in Your Head is a studio album by jazz artist Ornette Coleman, released in 1977 by Horizon Records.
Recording
"Theme from a Symphony" was the first recording to feature Coleman's electric band, which later became known as Prime Time. The symphony referenced is Coleman's own Skies of America.
William S. Burroughs was present for the recording of "Midnight Sunrise", which was recorded with the Master Musicians of Jajouka in 1973. The compact disc reissue features an alternate take of this composition, which is not present on the vinyl or earlier CD issue.
Release
Dancing in Your Head was released originally on A&M Records, but it was re-mastered and re-released in 2000 on A&M/Verve/Universal Records. Its catalog number is 543 519.
Critical reception
Dancing in Your Head was voted the 15th best album of the year in The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics poll for 1977. It was the first album by a jazz artist to make the poll. Robert Christgau, the poll's creator, ranked it number 11 on his own year-end list.
The album was identified by Chris Kelsey in his Allmusic essay "Free Jazz: A Subjective History" as one of the 20 Essential Free Jazz Albums.
Legacy
"Midnight Sunrise" was featured in the film Naked Lunch, an allusion to the fact that William S. Burroughs, the author of the book of the same name, which the film is partially based on, was present during the recording sessions of this composition.
Track listing
Personnel
Ornette Coleman - alto saxophone
Bern Nix - 1st lead guitar
Charlie Ellerbee - 2nd lead guitar
Rudy McDaniel - Bass guitar
Shannon Jackson - drums
Robert Palmer - clarinet on "Midnight Sunrise"
Master Musicians of Jajouka on "Midnight Sunrise"
References
External links
The Wire′s "100 Records That Set The World On Fire (When No One Was Listening)" at Discogs
|
performer
|
{
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"Ornette Coleman"
]
}
|
Dancing in Your Head is a studio album by jazz artist Ornette Coleman, released in 1977 by Horizon Records.
Recording
"Theme from a Symphony" was the first recording to feature Coleman's electric band, which later became known as Prime Time. The symphony referenced is Coleman's own Skies of America.
William S. Burroughs was present for the recording of "Midnight Sunrise", which was recorded with the Master Musicians of Jajouka in 1973. The compact disc reissue features an alternate take of this composition, which is not present on the vinyl or earlier CD issue.
Release
Dancing in Your Head was released originally on A&M Records, but it was re-mastered and re-released in 2000 on A&M/Verve/Universal Records. Its catalog number is 543 519.
Critical reception
Dancing in Your Head was voted the 15th best album of the year in The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics poll for 1977. It was the first album by a jazz artist to make the poll. Robert Christgau, the poll's creator, ranked it number 11 on his own year-end list.
The album was identified by Chris Kelsey in his Allmusic essay "Free Jazz: A Subjective History" as one of the 20 Essential Free Jazz Albums.
Legacy
"Midnight Sunrise" was featured in the film Naked Lunch, an allusion to the fact that William S. Burroughs, the author of the book of the same name, which the film is partially based on, was present during the recording sessions of this composition.
Track listing
Personnel
Ornette Coleman - alto saxophone
Bern Nix - 1st lead guitar
Charlie Ellerbee - 2nd lead guitar
Rudy McDaniel - Bass guitar
Shannon Jackson - drums
Robert Palmer - clarinet on "Midnight Sunrise"
Master Musicians of Jajouka on "Midnight Sunrise"
References
External links
The Wire′s "100 Records That Set The World On Fire (When No One Was Listening)" at Discogs
|
record label
|
{
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"Horizon Records"
]
}
|
Vicky Parnov (born 24 October 1990 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is an Australian athlete who competes in pole vault[1]. She has strong athletic pedigree, being the niece of Tatiana Grigorieva, who won the silver medal for Australia in the women's pole vault at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and the granddaughter of Natalya Pechonkina, who won the bronze medal for the USSR in the women's 400m at the 1968 Summer Olympics. She is coached by her father Alex Parnov, himself a former world class pole vaulter. Her younger sister Liz also competes in Pole Vault and was the Australian national champion in 2010 before she turned 16.
Vicky moved to Australia with her family in 1996, at the age of six, and was inspired to take up pole vaulting at the age of nine, after watching her aunt win a silver medal in the event at the Sydney Olympics. Her first international experience came at the age of 14, when she represented Australia at the 2005 World Youth Championships in Marrakesh, placing fourth. At the following edition of the championships, the 2007 World Youths, held in Ostrava, she won gold in the pole vault with a jump of 4.35m. She has also competed in two editions of the World Junior Championships, claiming the bronze medal in 2006, and represented Australia at open level during the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, and the 2007 World Championships in Osaka. When she competed in the women's pole vault at the 2007 World Championships, she became the youngest athlete to ever represent Australia at World Championship level, aged 16 years and 305 days.In 2007, she was selected Asics Junior Athlete of the Year.Her personal best of 4.40 metres, achieved in June 2007 at Saulheim, was the Australian under-20 record until it was tied by her sister in April 2010 then surpassed in February 2012.
Achievements
See also
2007 World Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault
Athletics in Australia
External links
IAAF profile for Vicky Parnov
Athletics Australia profile
== Notes ==
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"Moscow"
]
}
|
Vicky Parnov (born 24 October 1990 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is an Australian athlete who competes in pole vault[1]. She has strong athletic pedigree, being the niece of Tatiana Grigorieva, who won the silver medal for Australia in the women's pole vault at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and the granddaughter of Natalya Pechonkina, who won the bronze medal for the USSR in the women's 400m at the 1968 Summer Olympics. She is coached by her father Alex Parnov, himself a former world class pole vaulter. Her younger sister Liz also competes in Pole Vault and was the Australian national champion in 2010 before she turned 16.
Vicky moved to Australia with her family in 1996, at the age of six, and was inspired to take up pole vaulting at the age of nine, after watching her aunt win a silver medal in the event at the Sydney Olympics. Her first international experience came at the age of 14, when she represented Australia at the 2005 World Youth Championships in Marrakesh, placing fourth. At the following edition of the championships, the 2007 World Youths, held in Ostrava, she won gold in the pole vault with a jump of 4.35m. She has also competed in two editions of the World Junior Championships, claiming the bronze medal in 2006, and represented Australia at open level during the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, and the 2007 World Championships in Osaka. When she competed in the women's pole vault at the 2007 World Championships, she became the youngest athlete to ever represent Australia at World Championship level, aged 16 years and 305 days.In 2007, she was selected Asics Junior Athlete of the Year.Her personal best of 4.40 metres, achieved in June 2007 at Saulheim, was the Australian under-20 record until it was tied by her sister in April 2010 then surpassed in February 2012.
Achievements
See also
2007 World Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault
Athletics in Australia
External links
IAAF profile for Vicky Parnov
Athletics Australia profile
== Notes ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"Australia"
]
}
|
Vicky Parnov (born 24 October 1990 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is an Australian athlete who competes in pole vault[1]. She has strong athletic pedigree, being the niece of Tatiana Grigorieva, who won the silver medal for Australia in the women's pole vault at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and the granddaughter of Natalya Pechonkina, who won the bronze medal for the USSR in the women's 400m at the 1968 Summer Olympics. She is coached by her father Alex Parnov, himself a former world class pole vaulter. Her younger sister Liz also competes in Pole Vault and was the Australian national champion in 2010 before she turned 16.
Vicky moved to Australia with her family in 1996, at the age of six, and was inspired to take up pole vaulting at the age of nine, after watching her aunt win a silver medal in the event at the Sydney Olympics. Her first international experience came at the age of 14, when she represented Australia at the 2005 World Youth Championships in Marrakesh, placing fourth. At the following edition of the championships, the 2007 World Youths, held in Ostrava, she won gold in the pole vault with a jump of 4.35m. She has also competed in two editions of the World Junior Championships, claiming the bronze medal in 2006, and represented Australia at open level during the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, and the 2007 World Championships in Osaka. When she competed in the women's pole vault at the 2007 World Championships, she became the youngest athlete to ever represent Australia at World Championship level, aged 16 years and 305 days.In 2007, she was selected Asics Junior Athlete of the Year.Her personal best of 4.40 metres, achieved in June 2007 at Saulheim, was the Australian under-20 record until it was tied by her sister in April 2010 then surpassed in February 2012.
Achievements
See also
2007 World Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault
Athletics in Australia
External links
IAAF profile for Vicky Parnov
Athletics Australia profile
== Notes ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Vicky"
]
}
|
Vicky Parnov (born 24 October 1990 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is an Australian athlete who competes in pole vault[1]. She has strong athletic pedigree, being the niece of Tatiana Grigorieva, who won the silver medal for Australia in the women's pole vault at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and the granddaughter of Natalya Pechonkina, who won the bronze medal for the USSR in the women's 400m at the 1968 Summer Olympics. She is coached by her father Alex Parnov, himself a former world class pole vaulter. Her younger sister Liz also competes in Pole Vault and was the Australian national champion in 2010 before she turned 16.
Vicky moved to Australia with her family in 1996, at the age of six, and was inspired to take up pole vaulting at the age of nine, after watching her aunt win a silver medal in the event at the Sydney Olympics. Her first international experience came at the age of 14, when she represented Australia at the 2005 World Youth Championships in Marrakesh, placing fourth. At the following edition of the championships, the 2007 World Youths, held in Ostrava, she won gold in the pole vault with a jump of 4.35m. She has also competed in two editions of the World Junior Championships, claiming the bronze medal in 2006, and represented Australia at open level during the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, and the 2007 World Championships in Osaka. When she competed in the women's pole vault at the 2007 World Championships, she became the youngest athlete to ever represent Australia at World Championship level, aged 16 years and 305 days.In 2007, she was selected Asics Junior Athlete of the Year.Her personal best of 4.40 metres, achieved in June 2007 at Saulheim, was the Australian under-20 record until it was tied by her sister in April 2010 then surpassed in February 2012.
Achievements
See also
2007 World Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault
Athletics in Australia
External links
IAAF profile for Vicky Parnov
Athletics Australia profile
== Notes ==
|
sports discipline competed in
|
{
"answer_start": [
101
],
"text": [
"pole vault"
]
}
|
The Chad national rugby union team represents Chad in international rugby union. Chad is not a member of World Rugby (IRB) but is a member of the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR). It has yet to play in a Rugby World Cup tournament.
This team competes in the north section of the CAR Castel Beer Trophy.[1]
See also
Rugby union in Chad
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Chad"
]
}
|
The Chad national rugby union team represents Chad in international rugby union. Chad is not a member of World Rugby (IRB) but is a member of the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR). It has yet to play in a Rugby World Cup tournament.
This team competes in the north section of the CAR Castel Beer Trophy.[1]
See also
Rugby union in Chad
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
18
],
"text": [
"rugby union"
]
}
|
Zhongyuansaurus (meaning “Zhongyuan lizard”) is a monospecific genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur from Henan that lived during the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian, ~125.0-100.5 Ma) in what is now the Haoling Formation. Zhongyuansaurus is possibly a junior synonym of Gobisaurus, a basal ankylosaurid from the Ulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia.
Discovery and naming
The type species, Zhongyuansaurus luoyangensis, was named and described in 2007 by Xu and colleagues. The holotype specimen of Zhongyuansaurus, HGM 41HIII-0002, consists of a nearly complete skull, fragments of the lower jaw, a cervical neural spine, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, posterior caudal centra, fused distal caudals, ribs, a humerus, both ischia, a pubis, and osteoderms. The specimen was obtained from the Haoling Formation of the Henan Province, Ruyang County. The specimen is currently housed at the Henan Province Geological Museum in China.The generic name, Zhongyuansaurus, is derived from “Zhongyuan”, after the area south of Yellow River area, and the Greek word “sauros” (lizard). The specific name, luoyangensis, refers to the Luoyang area where the holotype was found.In 2015, Victoria Arbour and Phillip J. Currie considered Zhongyuansaurus a junior synonym of Gobisaurus domoculus. The synonymization of Zhongyuansaurus is based on the holotype having all the diagnosable characteristics of Gobisaurus, except for features that cannot be assessed because of damage, like having vomers with elongated premaxillary processes.
Description
Zhongyuansaurus, like other ankylosaurids, had numerous osteoderms that would have been embedded in the dermis of the skin. Xu et al., 2007 recognised eight different sets of osteoderms pertaining to the holotype specimen. These osteoderms include: A large, thin irregular quadrangle osteoderms that may have been located on the front portion of the back; large, thick, irregular quadrangle osteoderms that had a flat surface, and front edges that extend considerably downwards; circular osteoderms that have an off centred keel on the outer surface; asymmetrical circular osteoderms that have a well developed keel on the outer surface; small circular osteoderms that have irregular grooves and no ridges on the outer surface; hollow cone osteoderms that have an irregular grooved sculpture on the outer surface; kidney shaped osteoderms that have the sides folded upwards and one edge being thicker than the other; ridge shaped osteoderms that have an irregular grooved sculpture on the outer surface.As noted by Xu et al., an arrow-shaped bone with a pointed end was found near the region of the nasal. The authors interpreted it as a nasal horn homologous to other osteoderms that would have protruded from the nasal bone on an angle without being fused to the bone, a feature not seen in any ankylosaur. The authors suggested that the nasal horn may have been used for intraspecific and interspecific combat. The tail club of Zhongyuansaurus only preserves the “handle” and no “knob” osteoderms. The holotype preserves the terminal caudal vertebrae, so the absence of the “knob” osteoderms is not because the distal end of the tail is missing. Although the holotype specimen represents an immature individual based on cranial sutures, ontogeny does not seem to be an explanation for the absence of the knob osteoderms. Arbour & Currie, 2011 suggested that it was likely that the knob osteoderms were present in life and disarticulated from the handle after death but later ruled out the explanation as isolated tail club knobs from ankylosaurines often preserve some fragments of the distal caudal vertebrae or ossified tendons associated with the knob osteoderms.
Classification
Xu et al., 2007 originally considered Zhongyuansaurus to be a nodosaurid ankylosaur based on the skull proportions and the absence of a tail club. However, longer-than-wide skulls are a pleiomorphic trait of Ankylosauria and not a derived condition of nodosaurids. Carpenter et al., 2008 re-evaluated Zhongyuansaurus to the clade Shamosaurinae based on similarities with Shamosaurus. Thompson et al., 2012 recovered Zhongyuansaurus as a basal ankylosaurine and Arbour & Currie, 2015 later concluded that Zhongyuansaurus was a probable junior synonym of Gobisaurus.A phylogenetic analysis conducted by Thompson et al., 2012 is reproduced below.
Paleoenvironment
The holotype specimen of Zhongyuansaurus was recovered from the Haoling Formation, which possibly dates to the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Zhongyuansaurus would have shared its habitat with the oviraptorid Luoyanggia, the sauropods Xianshanosaurus, Yunmenglong, Ruyangosaurus and Huanghetitan, an indeterminate ornithomimid, an indeterminate iguanodontian, and an indeterminate carcharodontosaurian.
See also
Timeline of ankylosaur research
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"genus"
]
}
|
Zhongyuansaurus (meaning “Zhongyuan lizard”) is a monospecific genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur from Henan that lived during the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian, ~125.0-100.5 Ma) in what is now the Haoling Formation. Zhongyuansaurus is possibly a junior synonym of Gobisaurus, a basal ankylosaurid from the Ulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia.
Discovery and naming
The type species, Zhongyuansaurus luoyangensis, was named and described in 2007 by Xu and colleagues. The holotype specimen of Zhongyuansaurus, HGM 41HIII-0002, consists of a nearly complete skull, fragments of the lower jaw, a cervical neural spine, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, posterior caudal centra, fused distal caudals, ribs, a humerus, both ischia, a pubis, and osteoderms. The specimen was obtained from the Haoling Formation of the Henan Province, Ruyang County. The specimen is currently housed at the Henan Province Geological Museum in China.The generic name, Zhongyuansaurus, is derived from “Zhongyuan”, after the area south of Yellow River area, and the Greek word “sauros” (lizard). The specific name, luoyangensis, refers to the Luoyang area where the holotype was found.In 2015, Victoria Arbour and Phillip J. Currie considered Zhongyuansaurus a junior synonym of Gobisaurus domoculus. The synonymization of Zhongyuansaurus is based on the holotype having all the diagnosable characteristics of Gobisaurus, except for features that cannot be assessed because of damage, like having vomers with elongated premaxillary processes.
Description
Zhongyuansaurus, like other ankylosaurids, had numerous osteoderms that would have been embedded in the dermis of the skin. Xu et al., 2007 recognised eight different sets of osteoderms pertaining to the holotype specimen. These osteoderms include: A large, thin irregular quadrangle osteoderms that may have been located on the front portion of the back; large, thick, irregular quadrangle osteoderms that had a flat surface, and front edges that extend considerably downwards; circular osteoderms that have an off centred keel on the outer surface; asymmetrical circular osteoderms that have a well developed keel on the outer surface; small circular osteoderms that have irregular grooves and no ridges on the outer surface; hollow cone osteoderms that have an irregular grooved sculpture on the outer surface; kidney shaped osteoderms that have the sides folded upwards and one edge being thicker than the other; ridge shaped osteoderms that have an irregular grooved sculpture on the outer surface.As noted by Xu et al., an arrow-shaped bone with a pointed end was found near the region of the nasal. The authors interpreted it as a nasal horn homologous to other osteoderms that would have protruded from the nasal bone on an angle without being fused to the bone, a feature not seen in any ankylosaur. The authors suggested that the nasal horn may have been used for intraspecific and interspecific combat. The tail club of Zhongyuansaurus only preserves the “handle” and no “knob” osteoderms. The holotype preserves the terminal caudal vertebrae, so the absence of the “knob” osteoderms is not because the distal end of the tail is missing. Although the holotype specimen represents an immature individual based on cranial sutures, ontogeny does not seem to be an explanation for the absence of the knob osteoderms. Arbour & Currie, 2011 suggested that it was likely that the knob osteoderms were present in life and disarticulated from the handle after death but later ruled out the explanation as isolated tail club knobs from ankylosaurines often preserve some fragments of the distal caudal vertebrae or ossified tendons associated with the knob osteoderms.
Classification
Xu et al., 2007 originally considered Zhongyuansaurus to be a nodosaurid ankylosaur based on the skull proportions and the absence of a tail club. However, longer-than-wide skulls are a pleiomorphic trait of Ankylosauria and not a derived condition of nodosaurids. Carpenter et al., 2008 re-evaluated Zhongyuansaurus to the clade Shamosaurinae based on similarities with Shamosaurus. Thompson et al., 2012 recovered Zhongyuansaurus as a basal ankylosaurine and Arbour & Currie, 2015 later concluded that Zhongyuansaurus was a probable junior synonym of Gobisaurus.A phylogenetic analysis conducted by Thompson et al., 2012 is reproduced below.
Paleoenvironment
The holotype specimen of Zhongyuansaurus was recovered from the Haoling Formation, which possibly dates to the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Zhongyuansaurus would have shared its habitat with the oviraptorid Luoyanggia, the sauropods Xianshanosaurus, Yunmenglong, Ruyangosaurus and Huanghetitan, an indeterminate ornithomimid, an indeterminate iguanodontian, and an indeterminate carcharodontosaurian.
See also
Timeline of ankylosaur research
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Zhongyuansaurus"
]
}
|
Zhongyuansaurus (meaning “Zhongyuan lizard”) is a monospecific genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur from Henan that lived during the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian, ~125.0-100.5 Ma) in what is now the Haoling Formation. Zhongyuansaurus is possibly a junior synonym of Gobisaurus, a basal ankylosaurid from the Ulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia.
Discovery and naming
The type species, Zhongyuansaurus luoyangensis, was named and described in 2007 by Xu and colleagues. The holotype specimen of Zhongyuansaurus, HGM 41HIII-0002, consists of a nearly complete skull, fragments of the lower jaw, a cervical neural spine, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, posterior caudal centra, fused distal caudals, ribs, a humerus, both ischia, a pubis, and osteoderms. The specimen was obtained from the Haoling Formation of the Henan Province, Ruyang County. The specimen is currently housed at the Henan Province Geological Museum in China.The generic name, Zhongyuansaurus, is derived from “Zhongyuan”, after the area south of Yellow River area, and the Greek word “sauros” (lizard). The specific name, luoyangensis, refers to the Luoyang area where the holotype was found.In 2015, Victoria Arbour and Phillip J. Currie considered Zhongyuansaurus a junior synonym of Gobisaurus domoculus. The synonymization of Zhongyuansaurus is based on the holotype having all the diagnosable characteristics of Gobisaurus, except for features that cannot be assessed because of damage, like having vomers with elongated premaxillary processes.
Description
Zhongyuansaurus, like other ankylosaurids, had numerous osteoderms that would have been embedded in the dermis of the skin. Xu et al., 2007 recognised eight different sets of osteoderms pertaining to the holotype specimen. These osteoderms include: A large, thin irregular quadrangle osteoderms that may have been located on the front portion of the back; large, thick, irregular quadrangle osteoderms that had a flat surface, and front edges that extend considerably downwards; circular osteoderms that have an off centred keel on the outer surface; asymmetrical circular osteoderms that have a well developed keel on the outer surface; small circular osteoderms that have irregular grooves and no ridges on the outer surface; hollow cone osteoderms that have an irregular grooved sculpture on the outer surface; kidney shaped osteoderms that have the sides folded upwards and one edge being thicker than the other; ridge shaped osteoderms that have an irregular grooved sculpture on the outer surface.As noted by Xu et al., an arrow-shaped bone with a pointed end was found near the region of the nasal. The authors interpreted it as a nasal horn homologous to other osteoderms that would have protruded from the nasal bone on an angle without being fused to the bone, a feature not seen in any ankylosaur. The authors suggested that the nasal horn may have been used for intraspecific and interspecific combat. The tail club of Zhongyuansaurus only preserves the “handle” and no “knob” osteoderms. The holotype preserves the terminal caudal vertebrae, so the absence of the “knob” osteoderms is not because the distal end of the tail is missing. Although the holotype specimen represents an immature individual based on cranial sutures, ontogeny does not seem to be an explanation for the absence of the knob osteoderms. Arbour & Currie, 2011 suggested that it was likely that the knob osteoderms were present in life and disarticulated from the handle after death but later ruled out the explanation as isolated tail club knobs from ankylosaurines often preserve some fragments of the distal caudal vertebrae or ossified tendons associated with the knob osteoderms.
Classification
Xu et al., 2007 originally considered Zhongyuansaurus to be a nodosaurid ankylosaur based on the skull proportions and the absence of a tail club. However, longer-than-wide skulls are a pleiomorphic trait of Ankylosauria and not a derived condition of nodosaurids. Carpenter et al., 2008 re-evaluated Zhongyuansaurus to the clade Shamosaurinae based on similarities with Shamosaurus. Thompson et al., 2012 recovered Zhongyuansaurus as a basal ankylosaurine and Arbour & Currie, 2015 later concluded that Zhongyuansaurus was a probable junior synonym of Gobisaurus.A phylogenetic analysis conducted by Thompson et al., 2012 is reproduced below.
Paleoenvironment
The holotype specimen of Zhongyuansaurus was recovered from the Haoling Formation, which possibly dates to the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Zhongyuansaurus would have shared its habitat with the oviraptorid Luoyanggia, the sauropods Xianshanosaurus, Yunmenglong, Ruyangosaurus and Huanghetitan, an indeterminate ornithomimid, an indeterminate iguanodontian, and an indeterminate carcharodontosaurian.
See also
Timeline of ankylosaur research
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Zhongyuansaurus"
]
}
|
The 2009 Sheraton Hawaii Bowl was the eighth edition of the college football bowl game, played at Aloha Stadium in Halawa, Hawaii. The game started at 3:00 pm local time (8:00 pm EST) on Thursday of Christmas Eve 2009, with the SMU Mustangs of Conference USA beating the Nevada Wolf Pack of the Western Athletic Conference, 45–10. The game was sponsored by Sheraton Hotels and Resorts and was televised on ESPN.
The 2009 Hawaiʻi Bowl was SMU's first bowl bid since playing in Hawaii in the 1984 Aloha Bowl, as well as their first since the program was relaunched in 1989 after being shut down for two years due to massive NCAA rules violations. Head coach June Jones made his first appearance as a coach in Aloha Stadium since leaving Hawaiʻi in 2008 to take over the SMU football program.SMU freshman starter Kyle Padron, who was a backup until an injury earlier in the season to then starter Bo Levi Mitchell, was named the game's MVP after throwing for 460 yards and two touchdowns.
The two teams met for the first time since 2004 when they were both members of the WAC. They previously played five times from 2000 to 2004, with Nevada having led the series with a 3–2 record. Prior to this game, their last meeting was a 38–20 victory by SMU.
Game summary
Scoring summary
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"bowl game"
]
}
|
William Fairley was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a wing half.
== References ==
|
position played on team / speciality
|
{
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"wing half"
]
}
|
William Fairley was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a wing half.
== References ==
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Fairley"
]
}
|
William Fairley was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a wing half.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"William"
]
}
|
Euborellia hispanica is a species of earwig in the family Anisolabididae.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Euborellia hispanica is a species of earwig in the family Anisolabididae.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Euborellia"
]
}
|
Euborellia hispanica is a species of earwig in the family Anisolabididae.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Euborellia hispanica"
]
}
|
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a Lentivirus that affects cats worldwide, with 2.5% to 4.4% of felines being infected.
FIV was first isolated in 1986, by Niels C Pedersen and Janet K. Yamamoto at the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in a colony of cats that had a high prevalence of opportunistic infections and degenerative conditions and was originally called Feline T-lymphotropic virus. It has since been identified in domestic cats. It has been suggested FIV originated in Africa and has since spread to feline species worldwide.
Effects
FIV compromises the immune system of cats by infecting many cell types, including CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages. FIV can be tolerated well by cats, but can eventually lead to debilitation of the immune system in its feline hosts by the infection and exhaustion of T-helper (CD4+) cells.
FIV and HIV are both lentiviruses. However, humans cannot be infected by FIV, nor can cats be infected by HIV. FIV is transmitted primarily through deep bite wounds, where the virus present in the infected cat's saliva enters the body tissues of another cat. FIV-positive cats can share water bowls, food bowls (for both wet and dry cat food), and use the same litter box with low danger of transmitting the disease. A vigilant pet owner who treats secondary infections can allow an infected cat to live a reasonably long life. The chance that an FIV-infected cat will pass the virus to other cats within a household is low, unless there is fighting between cats, or wounds present that could allow entry of the virus from infected to non-infected cat.
Newborn kittens may test positive for up to six months and most thereafter will gradually test negative. It is thought that this is due to antibodies transferred to the kittens via the mother's milk. However these antibodies are transient so subsequent testing will be negative. Once they have received vaccinations against FIV, they will, in the future, always test positive, as the various blood tests detect and show the antibodies that have developed in response to the vaccination.
FIV is known in other feline species, and in fact is endemic in some large wild cats, such as African lions. Three main clades of FIV are recognized as of 2006, FIV-Ple (lion), FIV-Fca (domestic cat), and FIV-Pco (puma). The host boundaries are usually well-kept due to the limited types of APOBEC3 enzymes viral infectivity factor can neutralize.
In the United States
Consensus in the United States on whether there is a need to euthanize FIV-infected cats has not been established. The American Association of Feline Practitioners (an organization in the United States), as well as many feral cat organizations, recommends against euthanizing FIV-positive cats, or even spending funds to test for the virus.
Pathology
The virus gains entry to host cells through the interaction of its own envelope glycoproteins with the target cells' surface receptors. First, the SU glycoprotein binds to CD134, a receptor on the host cell. This initial binding changes the shape of the SU protein to one that facilitates interaction between SU and the chemokine receptor CXCR4. This interaction causes the viral and cellular membranes to fuse, allowing the transfer of the viral RNA into the cytoplasm, where it is reverse transcribed and integrated into the cellular genome through nonhomologous recombination. Once integrated into the host cell's genome, the virus can lay dormant in the asymptomatic stage for extended periods of time without being detected by the immune system or can cause lysis of the cell.CD134 is predominantly found on activated T cells and binds to OX40 ligand, causing T-cell stimulation, proliferation, activation, and apoptosis (3). This leads to a significant drop in cells that have critical roles in the immune system. Low levels of CD4+ and other affected immune system cells cause the cat to be susceptible to opportunistic diseases once the disease progresses to feline acquired immune deficiency syndrome (FAIDS).
Transmission
The primary mode of transmission is via deep bite wounds, in which the infected cat's saliva enters the other cat's tissues. FIV may also be transmitted from pregnant females to their offspring in utero; however, this vertical transmission is considered to be relatively rare, based on the small number of FIV-infected kittens and adolescents. This differs from FeLV, which may be spread by more casual, non-aggressive contact, such as mutual grooming and sharing of food bowls.Risk factors for infection include male sex, adulthood, and outdoor access. One case study conducted in São Paulo found that 75% of FIV-infected cats were males. Higher rates of infection in males than females occurs due to biting being more frequently engaged in by males defending their territory.
Disease stages
FIV progresses through similar stages to HIV. The initial stage, or acute phase, is accompanied by mild symptoms such as lethargy, anorexia, fever, and lymphadenopathy (swelling of the lymph nodes). This initial stage is fairly short and is followed by the asymptomatic stage. Here the cat demonstrates no noticeable symptoms for a variable length of time. Some cats stay in this latent stage for only a few months, but for some it can last for years. Factors that influence the length of the asymptomatic stage include the pathogenicity of the infecting virus and FIV subtype (A–E), the age of the cat, and exposure to other pathogens. Finally, the cat progresses into the final stage (known as the feline acquired immune deficiency syndrome (FAIDS) stage), wherein the cat is extremely susceptible to secondary diseases that inevitably are the cause of death.
Testing
Veterinarians will check a cat's history, look for clinical signs, and possibly administer a blood test for FIV antibodies. FIV affects 2–3% of cats in the US and testing is readily available. This testing identifies those cats that carry the FIV antibody but does not detect the actual virus."False positives" occur when the cat carries the antibody (which is harmless) but does not carry the virus. The most frequent occurrence of this is when kittens are tested after ingesting the antibodies from mother's milk (passive immunity), and when testing cats that have been previously vaccinated for FIV (active immunity). For this reason, neither kittens under eight weeks nor cats that have been previously vaccinated are tested. Kittens and young cats that test positive for the FIV antibody via passive immunity test negative later in life due to seroreversion, provided they have never been infected with FIV and have never been immunized with the FIV vaccine.Cats that have been vaccinated will test positive for the FIV antibody for the rest of their lives owing to seroconversion, even though they are not infected. Therefore, testing of strays or adopted cats is inconclusive, since it is impossible to know whether or not they have been vaccinated in the past. For these reasons, a positive FIV antibody test by itself should never be used as a criterion for euthanasia.Tests can be performed in a vet's office with results in minutes, allowing for quick consultation. Early detection helps maintain the cat's health and prevents spreading infection to other cats. With proper care, infected cats can live long and healthy lives.
Treatment options
In 2006, the United States Department of Agriculture issued a conditional license for a new treatment aid termed Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator (LTCI). Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator is manufactured and distributed exclusively by T-Cyte Therapeutics, Inc.Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator is intended as an aid in the treatment of cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and/or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and the associated symptoms of anemia (reduced oxygen-carrying ability in the blood), opportunistic infection, lymphocytopenia, granulocytopenia, or thrombocytopenia (low levels of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and platelets respectively, the first two are types of white blood cell). The absence of any observed adverse events in several animal species suggests that the product has a very low toxicity profile.Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator is a potent regulator of CD-4 lymphocyte production and function. It has been shown to increase lymphocyte numbers and Interleukin 2 production in animals. It is a single-chain polypeptide and a strongly cationic glycoprotein, and is purified with cation exchange resin. Purification of protein from bovine-derived stromal cell supernatants produces a substantially homogeneous factor, free of extraneous materials. The bovine protein is homologous with other mammalian species and is a homogeneous 50 kDa glycoprotein with an isoelectric point of 6.5. The protein is prepared in a lyophilized (freeze-dried) 1 microgram dose. Reconstitution in sterile diluent produces a solution for subcutaneous injection.
Vaccine
As with HIV, the development of an effective vaccine against FIV is difficult because of the high number of, and differences between, variations of the virus strains. "Single-strain" vaccines, i.e., vaccines that only protect against a single virus variant, have already demonstrated a good efficacy against homologous FIV strains. A dual-subtype vaccine for FIV released in 2002 called Fel-O-Vax made it possible to immunize cats against more FIV strains. It was developed using inactivated isolates of two of the five FIV subtypes (or clades): A Petaluma and D Shizuoka. The vaccine was shown to be moderately protective (82% of cats were protected) against subtype A FIV, but a later study showed it to offer no protection against subtype A. It has shown 100% effectiveness against two different subtype B FIV strains. Vaccination will cause cats to have positive results on FIV tests, making diagnosis more difficult. For these reasons the vaccine is considered "non-core", and the decision to vaccinate should be made after discussion with a veterinarian and consideration of the risks vs. the effectiveness.
Structure
FIV displays a similar structure to the primate and ungulate lentiviruses. The virion has a diameter from 80 to 100 nanometers and is pleomorphic. The viral envelope also has surface projections that are small, 8 nm, and evenly cover the surface.The FIV virus genome is diploid. It consists of two identical single-strands of RNA in each case about 9400 nucleotides existing in plus-strand orientation. It has the typical genomic structure of retroviruses and includes LTR, vif, pol, gag, orfA, env, and rev genes. The Gag polyprotein is cleaved into matrix (MA), capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. Cleavage between CA and NC releases a nine amino acid peptide, while cleavage at the C-terminus of NC releases a 2kDa fragment (p2). The Pol polyprotein is translated by ribosomal frame-shifting, a feature shared with HIV. Cleavage of Pol by the viral protease releases the protease itself (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT), deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase or DU) and integrase (IN). The Env polyprotein consists of a leader peptide (L), surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) glycoproteins. In common with other lentiviruses, the FIV genome encodes additional short open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the Vif and Rev proteins. An additional short ORF termed orfA (also known as orf2) precedes the env gene. The function of OrfA in viral replication is unclear, however the orfA-encoded product may display many of the attributes of HIV-1 accessory gene products such as Vpr, Vpu or Nef.Among these subtypes, genetic sequences are mostly conserved; however, wide-ranging genetic differences exist between species specific FIV subtypes. Of FIV's genome, Pol is the most conserved across FIV strains along with gag. On the contrary, env, vif, orfa, and rev are the least conserved and exhibit the most genetic diversity among FIV strains.The capsid protein derived from the polyprotein Gag is assembled into a viral core (the protein shell of a virus) and the matrix protein also derived from Gag forms a shell immediately inside of the lipid bilayer. The Env polyprotein encodes the surface glycoprotein (SU) and transmembrane glycoprotein (TM). Both SU and TM glycoproteins are heavily glycosylated, a characteristic that scientists believe may mask the B-cell epitopes of the Env glycoprotein giving the virus resistance to the virus neutralizing antibodies.
Lentiviral vector
Like HIV-1, FIV has been engineered into a viral vector for gene therapy. Like other lentiviral vectors, FIV vectors integrate into the chromosome of the host cell, where it can generate long-term stable transgene expression. Furthermore, the vectors can be used on dividing and non-dividing cells. FIV vectors could potentially be used to treat neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease, and have already been used for transfer RNAi, which may find use as gene therapy for cancer.
Origin and spread
The exact origins and emergence of FIV in felids is unknown; however, studies of viral phylogenetics, felidae speciation, and FIV occurrence alludes to origins in Africa. Analysis of viral phylogenetics shows phylogenetic trees with a starburst phylogenetic pattern which is usually demonstrated by viruses that are a recent emergence with rapid evolution. However, differences in topology, branch lengths, high genetic divergence suggest a more ancient origin in felidae species. Fossil records indicate extant felids arose from a common ancestor in Asia approximately 10.8 million years ago, and since then thirty eight species from eight distinct evolutionary lineages have spread and successfully inhabited every continent but Antarctica. Despite felidae origins in Asia, FIV is absent from felidae species in Asia except for the Mongolian Pallas cat; however, FIV is highly endemic in Africa with four out of five felids having seropositive PCR results. Due to the widespread occurrence and interspecies divergence of FIV strains in Africa, it's suggested that FIV arose in Africa before disseminating worldwide. The high genetic diversity and divergence between FIV strains in African felidae species and the presence of hyena FIV-Ccr, is consistent with a long residence time giving rise to increased opportunities for inter-species transmission among species. Additionally, lentiviruses are also highly endemic in Africa infecting not only felids, but also primates, and ungulate species. This suggests to the origins of all lentiviruses and supports FIV origins in Africa; however, further research is needed.The spread of FIV from Africa might have occurred during two points of felidae migration. The earliest migration across the Bering Strait into North America occurred approximately 4.5 million years ago during a period of low sea levels. Early felids in North America descended into seven species of the ocelot lineage, two species of the puma lineage, and four of the modern species of lynx. The most recent migration of Asian lions and jaguars across Eurasia into North and South America occurred during the Pliocene/early Pleistocene. These migrations events increased opportunities for FIV transmission among felids and established infections globally for felidae species.
Evolution
Wild felids
Comparisons of FIV subtypes illustrate rapid evolution and highlights divergence in FIV strains. FIV-Pco, which is specific to American pumas, has two highly divergent subtypes. Several studies have demonstrated subtypes A and B to have long branch lengths and low geographic similarities which indicates the possibility of two separate FIV introductions into populations coupled with a long residence time. In the late Pleistocene, pumas fell victim to the ice age, went extinct in North America except for a small inbred population in Florida, and did not re-emerge until 10-12,000 years ago. Phylogenetic analysis of FIV-Pco strains in Central, South, and North America show Central and South American strains are more closely related to North American strains than to each other. This suggests FIV-Pco was already present in South American pumas which repopulated North America.
In African lions, FIV-Ple has diverged in to six subtypes A-F which exhibit distinct geographical endemicity to some degree. Approximately 2 million years ago, African lions arose and dispersed throughout Africa, Asia, and North, Central, and South America. Modern lions currently reside only on the African continent except for a small population in India. There is no documented disease association of FIV, but seroprevalence in free- ranging lion populations are estimated to be roughly 90%. Phylogenetic analysis of FIV-Ple subtypes A, B, and C show high intra and interindividual genetic diversity and sequence divergence comparable to genetic differences to strains from other Felidae species. These findings indicate these strains evolved in geographically distant lion populations; however, recent occurrences of these strains within populations in Serengeti National Park suggests recent convergence in the same population.
Domestic felids
In domestic cats, FIV-Fca is pathogenic and can lead to feline AIDS symptoms and subsequent death. Phylogenetic analysis shows FIV to be a monophyletic branch that diverges into three subtypes A, B, and C. Domestic cats arose more recently than other felidae species approximately around 10,000 years ago from a subspecies of wildcat Felis silvestris which inhabited East Asia. Genetic analysis indicates lower genetic diversity of FIV in the domestic cat compared to wild Felidae species, higher evolutionary rates, and higher mortality rates when compared to FIV-Ple and FIV-Pco. This suggests the emergence of FIV in domestic cats was recent since newly emerged viruses tend to have higher evolutionary rates with little to no co-adaption between virus and new host species occurring. Additionally, seroprevalence studies show companion cats to have a 4–12% occurrence while feral cats have an 8–19% prevalence which is much lower compared to wild felidae species which supports the hypothesis of FIV's recent emergence in this species.
Comparison with feline leukemia virus
FIV and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are sometimes mistaken for one another though the viruses differ in many ways. Although they are both in the same retroviral subfamily (orthoretrovirinae), they are classified in different genera (FeLV is a gamma-retrovirus and FIV is a lentivirus like HIV-1). Their shapes are quite different: FeLV is more circular while FIV is elongated. The two viruses are also quite different genetically, and their protein coats differ in size and composition. Although many of the diseases caused by FeLV and FIV are similar, the specific ways in which they are caused actually differ. Also, while the feline leukemia virus may cause symptomatic illness in an infected cat, an FIV infected cat can remain completely asymptomatic its entire lifetime.
See also
Feline vaccination
Winn Feline Foundation
References
Johnson (2005), Proceedings
Might, Jennifer Lynne (2004), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), archived from the original on 2006-02-02, retrieved 2006-01-23
Wise (2005), Chapter
The Lion Research Center (2005), FIV in African Lions, archived from the original on 2008-08-01, retrieved 2008-07-22
Alley Cat Allies (2001), Should we release FIV+ cats?, retrieved 2014-06-17
External links
Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator (LTCI)
WikiVet Review Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
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Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a Lentivirus that affects cats worldwide, with 2.5% to 4.4% of felines being infected.
FIV was first isolated in 1986, by Niels C Pedersen and Janet K. Yamamoto at the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in a colony of cats that had a high prevalence of opportunistic infections and degenerative conditions and was originally called Feline T-lymphotropic virus. It has since been identified in domestic cats. It has been suggested FIV originated in Africa and has since spread to feline species worldwide.
Effects
FIV compromises the immune system of cats by infecting many cell types, including CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages. FIV can be tolerated well by cats, but can eventually lead to debilitation of the immune system in its feline hosts by the infection and exhaustion of T-helper (CD4+) cells.
FIV and HIV are both lentiviruses. However, humans cannot be infected by FIV, nor can cats be infected by HIV. FIV is transmitted primarily through deep bite wounds, where the virus present in the infected cat's saliva enters the body tissues of another cat. FIV-positive cats can share water bowls, food bowls (for both wet and dry cat food), and use the same litter box with low danger of transmitting the disease. A vigilant pet owner who treats secondary infections can allow an infected cat to live a reasonably long life. The chance that an FIV-infected cat will pass the virus to other cats within a household is low, unless there is fighting between cats, or wounds present that could allow entry of the virus from infected to non-infected cat.
Newborn kittens may test positive for up to six months and most thereafter will gradually test negative. It is thought that this is due to antibodies transferred to the kittens via the mother's milk. However these antibodies are transient so subsequent testing will be negative. Once they have received vaccinations against FIV, they will, in the future, always test positive, as the various blood tests detect and show the antibodies that have developed in response to the vaccination.
FIV is known in other feline species, and in fact is endemic in some large wild cats, such as African lions. Three main clades of FIV are recognized as of 2006, FIV-Ple (lion), FIV-Fca (domestic cat), and FIV-Pco (puma). The host boundaries are usually well-kept due to the limited types of APOBEC3 enzymes viral infectivity factor can neutralize.
In the United States
Consensus in the United States on whether there is a need to euthanize FIV-infected cats has not been established. The American Association of Feline Practitioners (an organization in the United States), as well as many feral cat organizations, recommends against euthanizing FIV-positive cats, or even spending funds to test for the virus.
Pathology
The virus gains entry to host cells through the interaction of its own envelope glycoproteins with the target cells' surface receptors. First, the SU glycoprotein binds to CD134, a receptor on the host cell. This initial binding changes the shape of the SU protein to one that facilitates interaction between SU and the chemokine receptor CXCR4. This interaction causes the viral and cellular membranes to fuse, allowing the transfer of the viral RNA into the cytoplasm, where it is reverse transcribed and integrated into the cellular genome through nonhomologous recombination. Once integrated into the host cell's genome, the virus can lay dormant in the asymptomatic stage for extended periods of time without being detected by the immune system or can cause lysis of the cell.CD134 is predominantly found on activated T cells and binds to OX40 ligand, causing T-cell stimulation, proliferation, activation, and apoptosis (3). This leads to a significant drop in cells that have critical roles in the immune system. Low levels of CD4+ and other affected immune system cells cause the cat to be susceptible to opportunistic diseases once the disease progresses to feline acquired immune deficiency syndrome (FAIDS).
Transmission
The primary mode of transmission is via deep bite wounds, in which the infected cat's saliva enters the other cat's tissues. FIV may also be transmitted from pregnant females to their offspring in utero; however, this vertical transmission is considered to be relatively rare, based on the small number of FIV-infected kittens and adolescents. This differs from FeLV, which may be spread by more casual, non-aggressive contact, such as mutual grooming and sharing of food bowls.Risk factors for infection include male sex, adulthood, and outdoor access. One case study conducted in São Paulo found that 75% of FIV-infected cats were males. Higher rates of infection in males than females occurs due to biting being more frequently engaged in by males defending their territory.
Disease stages
FIV progresses through similar stages to HIV. The initial stage, or acute phase, is accompanied by mild symptoms such as lethargy, anorexia, fever, and lymphadenopathy (swelling of the lymph nodes). This initial stage is fairly short and is followed by the asymptomatic stage. Here the cat demonstrates no noticeable symptoms for a variable length of time. Some cats stay in this latent stage for only a few months, but for some it can last for years. Factors that influence the length of the asymptomatic stage include the pathogenicity of the infecting virus and FIV subtype (A–E), the age of the cat, and exposure to other pathogens. Finally, the cat progresses into the final stage (known as the feline acquired immune deficiency syndrome (FAIDS) stage), wherein the cat is extremely susceptible to secondary diseases that inevitably are the cause of death.
Testing
Veterinarians will check a cat's history, look for clinical signs, and possibly administer a blood test for FIV antibodies. FIV affects 2–3% of cats in the US and testing is readily available. This testing identifies those cats that carry the FIV antibody but does not detect the actual virus."False positives" occur when the cat carries the antibody (which is harmless) but does not carry the virus. The most frequent occurrence of this is when kittens are tested after ingesting the antibodies from mother's milk (passive immunity), and when testing cats that have been previously vaccinated for FIV (active immunity). For this reason, neither kittens under eight weeks nor cats that have been previously vaccinated are tested. Kittens and young cats that test positive for the FIV antibody via passive immunity test negative later in life due to seroreversion, provided they have never been infected with FIV and have never been immunized with the FIV vaccine.Cats that have been vaccinated will test positive for the FIV antibody for the rest of their lives owing to seroconversion, even though they are not infected. Therefore, testing of strays or adopted cats is inconclusive, since it is impossible to know whether or not they have been vaccinated in the past. For these reasons, a positive FIV antibody test by itself should never be used as a criterion for euthanasia.Tests can be performed in a vet's office with results in minutes, allowing for quick consultation. Early detection helps maintain the cat's health and prevents spreading infection to other cats. With proper care, infected cats can live long and healthy lives.
Treatment options
In 2006, the United States Department of Agriculture issued a conditional license for a new treatment aid termed Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator (LTCI). Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator is manufactured and distributed exclusively by T-Cyte Therapeutics, Inc.Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator is intended as an aid in the treatment of cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and/or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and the associated symptoms of anemia (reduced oxygen-carrying ability in the blood), opportunistic infection, lymphocytopenia, granulocytopenia, or thrombocytopenia (low levels of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and platelets respectively, the first two are types of white blood cell). The absence of any observed adverse events in several animal species suggests that the product has a very low toxicity profile.Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator is a potent regulator of CD-4 lymphocyte production and function. It has been shown to increase lymphocyte numbers and Interleukin 2 production in animals. It is a single-chain polypeptide and a strongly cationic glycoprotein, and is purified with cation exchange resin. Purification of protein from bovine-derived stromal cell supernatants produces a substantially homogeneous factor, free of extraneous materials. The bovine protein is homologous with other mammalian species and is a homogeneous 50 kDa glycoprotein with an isoelectric point of 6.5. The protein is prepared in a lyophilized (freeze-dried) 1 microgram dose. Reconstitution in sterile diluent produces a solution for subcutaneous injection.
Vaccine
As with HIV, the development of an effective vaccine against FIV is difficult because of the high number of, and differences between, variations of the virus strains. "Single-strain" vaccines, i.e., vaccines that only protect against a single virus variant, have already demonstrated a good efficacy against homologous FIV strains. A dual-subtype vaccine for FIV released in 2002 called Fel-O-Vax made it possible to immunize cats against more FIV strains. It was developed using inactivated isolates of two of the five FIV subtypes (or clades): A Petaluma and D Shizuoka. The vaccine was shown to be moderately protective (82% of cats were protected) against subtype A FIV, but a later study showed it to offer no protection against subtype A. It has shown 100% effectiveness against two different subtype B FIV strains. Vaccination will cause cats to have positive results on FIV tests, making diagnosis more difficult. For these reasons the vaccine is considered "non-core", and the decision to vaccinate should be made after discussion with a veterinarian and consideration of the risks vs. the effectiveness.
Structure
FIV displays a similar structure to the primate and ungulate lentiviruses. The virion has a diameter from 80 to 100 nanometers and is pleomorphic. The viral envelope also has surface projections that are small, 8 nm, and evenly cover the surface.The FIV virus genome is diploid. It consists of two identical single-strands of RNA in each case about 9400 nucleotides existing in plus-strand orientation. It has the typical genomic structure of retroviruses and includes LTR, vif, pol, gag, orfA, env, and rev genes. The Gag polyprotein is cleaved into matrix (MA), capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. Cleavage between CA and NC releases a nine amino acid peptide, while cleavage at the C-terminus of NC releases a 2kDa fragment (p2). The Pol polyprotein is translated by ribosomal frame-shifting, a feature shared with HIV. Cleavage of Pol by the viral protease releases the protease itself (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT), deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase or DU) and integrase (IN). The Env polyprotein consists of a leader peptide (L), surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) glycoproteins. In common with other lentiviruses, the FIV genome encodes additional short open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the Vif and Rev proteins. An additional short ORF termed orfA (also known as orf2) precedes the env gene. The function of OrfA in viral replication is unclear, however the orfA-encoded product may display many of the attributes of HIV-1 accessory gene products such as Vpr, Vpu or Nef.Among these subtypes, genetic sequences are mostly conserved; however, wide-ranging genetic differences exist between species specific FIV subtypes. Of FIV's genome, Pol is the most conserved across FIV strains along with gag. On the contrary, env, vif, orfa, and rev are the least conserved and exhibit the most genetic diversity among FIV strains.The capsid protein derived from the polyprotein Gag is assembled into a viral core (the protein shell of a virus) and the matrix protein also derived from Gag forms a shell immediately inside of the lipid bilayer. The Env polyprotein encodes the surface glycoprotein (SU) and transmembrane glycoprotein (TM). Both SU and TM glycoproteins are heavily glycosylated, a characteristic that scientists believe may mask the B-cell epitopes of the Env glycoprotein giving the virus resistance to the virus neutralizing antibodies.
Lentiviral vector
Like HIV-1, FIV has been engineered into a viral vector for gene therapy. Like other lentiviral vectors, FIV vectors integrate into the chromosome of the host cell, where it can generate long-term stable transgene expression. Furthermore, the vectors can be used on dividing and non-dividing cells. FIV vectors could potentially be used to treat neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease, and have already been used for transfer RNAi, which may find use as gene therapy for cancer.
Origin and spread
The exact origins and emergence of FIV in felids is unknown; however, studies of viral phylogenetics, felidae speciation, and FIV occurrence alludes to origins in Africa. Analysis of viral phylogenetics shows phylogenetic trees with a starburst phylogenetic pattern which is usually demonstrated by viruses that are a recent emergence with rapid evolution. However, differences in topology, branch lengths, high genetic divergence suggest a more ancient origin in felidae species. Fossil records indicate extant felids arose from a common ancestor in Asia approximately 10.8 million years ago, and since then thirty eight species from eight distinct evolutionary lineages have spread and successfully inhabited every continent but Antarctica. Despite felidae origins in Asia, FIV is absent from felidae species in Asia except for the Mongolian Pallas cat; however, FIV is highly endemic in Africa with four out of five felids having seropositive PCR results. Due to the widespread occurrence and interspecies divergence of FIV strains in Africa, it's suggested that FIV arose in Africa before disseminating worldwide. The high genetic diversity and divergence between FIV strains in African felidae species and the presence of hyena FIV-Ccr, is consistent with a long residence time giving rise to increased opportunities for inter-species transmission among species. Additionally, lentiviruses are also highly endemic in Africa infecting not only felids, but also primates, and ungulate species. This suggests to the origins of all lentiviruses and supports FIV origins in Africa; however, further research is needed.The spread of FIV from Africa might have occurred during two points of felidae migration. The earliest migration across the Bering Strait into North America occurred approximately 4.5 million years ago during a period of low sea levels. Early felids in North America descended into seven species of the ocelot lineage, two species of the puma lineage, and four of the modern species of lynx. The most recent migration of Asian lions and jaguars across Eurasia into North and South America occurred during the Pliocene/early Pleistocene. These migrations events increased opportunities for FIV transmission among felids and established infections globally for felidae species.
Evolution
Wild felids
Comparisons of FIV subtypes illustrate rapid evolution and highlights divergence in FIV strains. FIV-Pco, which is specific to American pumas, has two highly divergent subtypes. Several studies have demonstrated subtypes A and B to have long branch lengths and low geographic similarities which indicates the possibility of two separate FIV introductions into populations coupled with a long residence time. In the late Pleistocene, pumas fell victim to the ice age, went extinct in North America except for a small inbred population in Florida, and did not re-emerge until 10-12,000 years ago. Phylogenetic analysis of FIV-Pco strains in Central, South, and North America show Central and South American strains are more closely related to North American strains than to each other. This suggests FIV-Pco was already present in South American pumas which repopulated North America.
In African lions, FIV-Ple has diverged in to six subtypes A-F which exhibit distinct geographical endemicity to some degree. Approximately 2 million years ago, African lions arose and dispersed throughout Africa, Asia, and North, Central, and South America. Modern lions currently reside only on the African continent except for a small population in India. There is no documented disease association of FIV, but seroprevalence in free- ranging lion populations are estimated to be roughly 90%. Phylogenetic analysis of FIV-Ple subtypes A, B, and C show high intra and interindividual genetic diversity and sequence divergence comparable to genetic differences to strains from other Felidae species. These findings indicate these strains evolved in geographically distant lion populations; however, recent occurrences of these strains within populations in Serengeti National Park suggests recent convergence in the same population.
Domestic felids
In domestic cats, FIV-Fca is pathogenic and can lead to feline AIDS symptoms and subsequent death. Phylogenetic analysis shows FIV to be a monophyletic branch that diverges into three subtypes A, B, and C. Domestic cats arose more recently than other felidae species approximately around 10,000 years ago from a subspecies of wildcat Felis silvestris which inhabited East Asia. Genetic analysis indicates lower genetic diversity of FIV in the domestic cat compared to wild Felidae species, higher evolutionary rates, and higher mortality rates when compared to FIV-Ple and FIV-Pco. This suggests the emergence of FIV in domestic cats was recent since newly emerged viruses tend to have higher evolutionary rates with little to no co-adaption between virus and new host species occurring. Additionally, seroprevalence studies show companion cats to have a 4–12% occurrence while feral cats have an 8–19% prevalence which is much lower compared to wild felidae species which supports the hypothesis of FIV's recent emergence in this species.
Comparison with feline leukemia virus
FIV and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are sometimes mistaken for one another though the viruses differ in many ways. Although they are both in the same retroviral subfamily (orthoretrovirinae), they are classified in different genera (FeLV is a gamma-retrovirus and FIV is a lentivirus like HIV-1). Their shapes are quite different: FeLV is more circular while FIV is elongated. The two viruses are also quite different genetically, and their protein coats differ in size and composition. Although many of the diseases caused by FeLV and FIV are similar, the specific ways in which they are caused actually differ. Also, while the feline leukemia virus may cause symptomatic illness in an infected cat, an FIV infected cat can remain completely asymptomatic its entire lifetime.
See also
Feline vaccination
Winn Feline Foundation
References
Johnson (2005), Proceedings
Might, Jennifer Lynne (2004), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), archived from the original on 2006-02-02, retrieved 2006-01-23
Wise (2005), Chapter
The Lion Research Center (2005), FIV in African Lions, archived from the original on 2008-08-01, retrieved 2008-07-22
Alley Cat Allies (2001), Should we release FIV+ cats?, retrieved 2014-06-17
External links
Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator (LTCI)
WikiVet Review Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
|
main subject
|
{
"answer_start": [
7784
],
"text": [
"feline immunodeficiency virus"
]
}
|
Jelsnes is a village in Sarpsborg municipality, Norway. Its population is 308. Jelsnes is located in the north of Tunøya, and belonged to Tune municipality before 1992. The mayor of Sarpsborg, Sindre Martinsen-Evje, comes from Jelsnes.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"Norway"
]
}
|
Jelsnes is a village in Sarpsborg municipality, Norway. Its population is 308. Jelsnes is located in the north of Tunøya, and belonged to Tune municipality before 1992. The mayor of Sarpsborg, Sindre Martinsen-Evje, comes from Jelsnes.
== References ==
|
Store norske leksikon ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Jelsnes"
]
}
|
Jelsnes is a village in Sarpsborg municipality, Norway. Its population is 308. Jelsnes is located in the north of Tunøya, and belonged to Tune municipality before 1992. The mayor of Sarpsborg, Sindre Martinsen-Evje, comes from Jelsnes.
== References ==
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Jelsnes"
]
}
|
The 1999–2000 B Group was the forty-fourth season of the Bulgarian B Football Group, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system. A total of 16 teams contested the league.Cherno More Varna and Hebar-Iskar Pazardzhik were promoted to Bulgarian A Group. Etar Veliko Tarnovo, Antibiotic-Ludogorets Razgrad, Maritsa Plovdiv and Beroe 2000 Kazanlak were relegated.
League table
Promotion play-off
== References ==
|
number of participants
|
{
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"16"
]
}
|
Panathinaikos AC Field Hockey department was refounded in 2014.
History
The field hockey department of Panathinaikos was one of the first in Greece. It was founded in 1927, while there was not a Greek league. The team was forced to play abroad against foreign teams. The first athletes of the team were Cypriots or athletes from the other departments of the club. Main contributors were Renos Fragoudis, Diomidis Symeonidis and Athanasios Aravositas.
Some members of the first team were Angelos Filippou, Nikos Mantzaroglou (the table tennis athlete), Renos Fragoudis, Athanasios Aravositas, Chrisanthos Tsoukalas, Kleon Zachos, Kimon Zachos, Nikos Chrisafis, Lefteris Frantzeskakis, Angelos Messaris and Diomidis Symeonidis.
After World War Two, the department stopped its action. It was refounded in 2014.
External links
Official team page
Official facebook page
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"Greece"
]
}
|
Panathinaikos AC Field Hockey department was refounded in 2014.
History
The field hockey department of Panathinaikos was one of the first in Greece. It was founded in 1927, while there was not a Greek league. The team was forced to play abroad against foreign teams. The first athletes of the team were Cypriots or athletes from the other departments of the club. Main contributors were Renos Fragoudis, Diomidis Symeonidis and Athanasios Aravositas.
Some members of the first team were Angelos Filippou, Nikos Mantzaroglou (the table tennis athlete), Renos Fragoudis, Athanasios Aravositas, Chrisanthos Tsoukalas, Kleon Zachos, Kimon Zachos, Nikos Chrisafis, Lefteris Frantzeskakis, Angelos Messaris and Diomidis Symeonidis.
After World War Two, the department stopped its action. It was refounded in 2014.
External links
Official team page
Official facebook page
== References ==
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"field hockey"
]
}
|
Chassis Brakes International was a multinational manufacturer of automotive brakes and brake components. It was formed in June 2012 when the brakes division of Robert Bosch GmbH was sold to KPS Capital Partners and was based in Netherlands. It was one of the three largest brake system manufacturers in the world.The company had factories in 15 countries and had a workforce of about 5200, of which some forty percent were in Europe and the remainder in Asian and South American countries. Chassis Brakes International's French entity was a member of the Fédération des Industries des Equipements pour Véhicules, the French federation of vehicle part manufacturers.In 2019, the group was sold to the automotive system division of japanese group, Hitachi.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
317
],
"text": [
"company"
]
}
|
Chassis Brakes International was a multinational manufacturer of automotive brakes and brake components. It was formed in June 2012 when the brakes division of Robert Bosch GmbH was sold to KPS Capital Partners and was based in Netherlands. It was one of the three largest brake system manufacturers in the world.The company had factories in 15 countries and had a workforce of about 5200, of which some forty percent were in Europe and the remainder in Asian and South American countries. Chassis Brakes International's French entity was a member of the Fédération des Industries des Equipements pour Véhicules, the French federation of vehicle part manufacturers.In 2019, the group was sold to the automotive system division of japanese group, Hitachi.
== References ==
|
legal form
|
{
"answer_start": [
317
],
"text": [
"company"
]
}
|
The Goldendale Sentinel is a newspaper that covers local news about Goldendale and the surrounding Klickitat county region of the U.S. state of Washington. It is the oldest paper in eastern Washington. The paper began publication in 1884 when two papers, the Klickitat Sentinel (founded 1879) and Goldendale Gazette, were purchased and merged. It is recognized by Klickitat County as a community media source. Lou Marzeles is the current editor and publisher of the paper. It is owned by Tartan Publications Inc., Leslie Geatches, President.
References
External links
Official Website
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"newspaper"
]
}
|
The Goldendale Sentinel is a newspaper that covers local news about Goldendale and the surrounding Klickitat county region of the U.S. state of Washington. It is the oldest paper in eastern Washington. The paper began publication in 1884 when two papers, the Klickitat Sentinel (founded 1879) and Goldendale Gazette, were purchased and merged. It is recognized by Klickitat County as a community media source. Lou Marzeles is the current editor and publisher of the paper. It is owned by Tartan Publications Inc., Leslie Geatches, President.
References
External links
Official Website
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Goldendale"
]
}
|
The Goldendale Sentinel is a newspaper that covers local news about Goldendale and the surrounding Klickitat county region of the U.S. state of Washington. It is the oldest paper in eastern Washington. The paper began publication in 1884 when two papers, the Klickitat Sentinel (founded 1879) and Goldendale Gazette, were purchased and merged. It is recognized by Klickitat County as a community media source. Lou Marzeles is the current editor and publisher of the paper. It is owned by Tartan Publications Inc., Leslie Geatches, President.
References
External links
Official Website
|
place of publication
|
{
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Goldendale"
]
}
|
The Goldendale Sentinel is a newspaper that covers local news about Goldendale and the surrounding Klickitat county region of the U.S. state of Washington. It is the oldest paper in eastern Washington. The paper began publication in 1884 when two papers, the Klickitat Sentinel (founded 1879) and Goldendale Gazette, were purchased and merged. It is recognized by Klickitat County as a community media source. Lou Marzeles is the current editor and publisher of the paper. It is owned by Tartan Publications Inc., Leslie Geatches, President.
References
External links
Official Website
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Goldendale Sentinel"
]
}
|
WPLA may refer to:
WPLA, Working Party on Land Administration of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
WPLA (FM), a radio station (104.9 FM) licensed to serve La Follette, Tennessee, United States
WLGR, a radio station (93.5 FM) licensed to serve Warrensburg, New York, United States, which held the call sign WPLA in 2021
WSLP, a radio station (93.3 FM) licensed to serve Ray Brook, New York, which held the call sign WPLA from 2020 to 2021
WWFK, a radio station (107.1 FM) licensed to serve Dannemora, New York, which held the call sign WPLA from 2018 to 2020
WPLA (AM), a defunct radio station (1380 AM) licensed to serve Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States, which held the call sign from 2016 to 2017
WMGE (AM), a radio station (1670 AM) licensed to serve Dry Branch, Georgia, United States, which held the call sign WPLA from 2010 to 2016
WWJK, a radio station (107.3 FM) licensed to serve Green Cove Springs, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WPLA from 2005 to 2010
WJBT, a radio station (93.3 FM) licensed to serve Callahan, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WPLA from 1995 to 2005
WTWD, a radio station (910 AM) licensed to serve Plant City, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WPLA from 1949 to 1990
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"radio station"
]
}
|
WPLA may refer to:
WPLA, Working Party on Land Administration of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
WPLA (FM), a radio station (104.9 FM) licensed to serve La Follette, Tennessee, United States
WLGR, a radio station (93.5 FM) licensed to serve Warrensburg, New York, United States, which held the call sign WPLA in 2021
WSLP, a radio station (93.3 FM) licensed to serve Ray Brook, New York, which held the call sign WPLA from 2020 to 2021
WWFK, a radio station (107.1 FM) licensed to serve Dannemora, New York, which held the call sign WPLA from 2018 to 2020
WPLA (AM), a defunct radio station (1380 AM) licensed to serve Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States, which held the call sign from 2016 to 2017
WMGE (AM), a radio station (1670 AM) licensed to serve Dry Branch, Georgia, United States, which held the call sign WPLA from 2010 to 2016
WWJK, a radio station (107.3 FM) licensed to serve Green Cove Springs, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WPLA from 2005 to 2010
WJBT, a radio station (93.3 FM) licensed to serve Callahan, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WPLA from 1995 to 2005
WTWD, a radio station (910 AM) licensed to serve Plant City, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WPLA from 1949 to 1990
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
650
],
"text": [
"New Hampshire"
]
}
|
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