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Regarding orthostatic proteinuria, it is not true that:
|
It is considered a transient proteinuria.
|
Two urine samples are needed to establish the diagnosis.
|
It accounts for more than 60% of cases of asymptomatic proteinuria in children and its incidence increases in adolescence.
|
Biology
|
The protein/creatinine ratio is <0.2 after 6 hours of standing upright.
| 149 | 3 |
58036a90-fd85-4cf0-bd39-37ecd7c4813d
|
2022
|
The blood cells that are not detected on the urine analysis test strip are:
|
Eosinophils.
|
Lymphocytes.
|
Neutrophils.
|
Biology
|
Monocytes.
| 150 | 1 |
1d82e2b6-0bca-4221-bf08-12d76802c86b
|
2022
|
The intramitochondrial redox state in blood is measured by the ratio:
|
β-Hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate.
|
Lactate/pyruvate.
|
ATP/ADP.
|
Biology
|
NADPH/NADP+.
| 151 | 2 |
652743f1-5898-43de-975c-f475adc63a04
|
2022
|
Insulin no:
|
It stimulates the uptake of glucose by adipose tissue.
|
It activates glycolysis and lipolysis.
|
It stimulates the intracellular uptake of potassium.
|
Biology
|
It stimulates the synthesis of glycogen and proteins.
| 152 | 1 |
f3dceea8-ce63-414a-ab45-a6655d9755ad
|
2022
|
In relation to glycogen metabolism in the muscle:
|
Calcium inhibits phosphorolase-b-kinase.
|
Plasma glucose regulates glycogen metabolism in the muscle.
|
Glycogen itself activates its synthesis.
|
Biology
|
Insulin promotes the synthesis of glycogen.
| 153 | 3 |
a5b8d459-ba18-4f99-b02d-99149ea52045
|
2022
|
The histones:
|
They have DNase I activity and correct replication errors.
|
Forms the nucleosomes with the eukaryotic DNA.
|
They roll 640 nucleotides of DNA per turn.
|
Biology
|
They have 8 different alpha conformations.
| 154 | 1 |
be0d46e2-9775-4c2c-816c-cfa2ec73e0c8
|
2022
|
The mitochondria:
|
It compartmentalizes glycolysis and the urea cycle in the cell.
|
It has its own circular DNA.
|
Transfers electrons from vitamin C to glycolysis.
|
Biology
|
It has three membranes: external, internal and of the crests.
| 155 | 1 |
fef79957-8bd6-4cde-b1da-f6c93878a2aa
|
2022
|
The Telomeres:
|
They do not use Okazaki fragments to replicate.
|
They require two different polymerases to transcribe.
|
They are shortened by the digestion performed by telomerase from the 3' end.
|
Biology
|
They have in their DNA hundreds of serial repetitions of a six-nucleotide sequence.
| 156 | 3 |
0fc29c3d-846a-4a6c-b933-36ce15faa96b
|
2022
|
The nuclear hormonal receptors:
|
They attach to the nascent ends of the newly transcribed RNA in the nucleus.
|
They are regulated exclusively by derivatives of vitamin D.
|
They recruit coactivators after binding to a steroid ligand.
|
Biology
|
They attach to the DNA through a leucine zipper ZIP at their carboxyl end.
| 157 | 4 |
14aec76b-ec57-44f4-bb07-f51e6c12648d
|
2022
|
What charge will the population of amino acids with non-ionizable R groups have in solution at any pH below the isoelectric point?
|
Net positive charge.
|
Negative net charge.
|
Positive and negative charges in equal concentration.
|
Biology
|
No charged group.
| 158 | 2 |
e5066ccc-84cf-4e55-bd89-47212db7264b
|
2022
|
By adding SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) during the electrophoresis of proteins, it is possible:
|
Determine the amino acid composition of the protein.
|
Determine the isoelectric point of a protein.
|
Separate the proteins solely based on molecular weight.
|
Biology
|
Preserve the native structure of a protein and its biological activity.
| 159 | 4 |
f7556f33-0a1d-4a8e-8d0f-9fbd3f73b61b
|
2022
|
In a V0 versus [S] graph for an enzyme that follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, it is false that:
|
Km is the [S] at which V0 = 1/2 Vmax.
|
At a very high [S], the velocity curve becomes a horizontal line that intersects the Y axis in Km.
|
The Y-axis is a velocity term with units of µmoles/min.
|
Biology
|
The shape of the curve is a hyperbola.
| 160 | 1 |
f464ad30-1988-4297-ad5f-65cf1592b248
|
2022
|
After the union of E. coli RNA polymerase, the correct order of events for transcription to begin is:
|
Formation of closed complex, formation of open complex, initiation of RNA synthesis, promoter clearance.
|
Formation of closed complex, formation of open complex, promoter clearance, initiation of RNA synthesis.
|
Initiation of RNA synthesis, formation of closed complex, formation of open complex, eviction of the promoter.
|
Biology
|
Formation of open complex, formation of closed complex, initiation of RNA synthesis, eviction of the promoter.
| 161 | 2 |
e785105b-0ae3-474e-836f-90321922530e
|
2022
|
Alternative maturation ("splicing") of mRNA can lead to:
|
The binding of the poly(A) tail to the 5' end of a mRNA.
|
A change in the proportion of mRNA produced from two adjacent genes.
|
The production of two different proteins from a single gene.
|
Biology
|
The production of the same protein from two different genes.
| 162 | 4 |
5eb9bfa1-e831-4a4f-b16d-4728df4b54e7
|
2022
|
In relation to cyanide, oligomycin and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) as inhibitors and/or uncouplers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, it is correct that:
|
Cyanide inhibits the respiratory chain, while oligomycin and 2,4-dinitrophenol prevent ATP synthesis.
|
Cyanide and 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibit the respiratory chain, and oligomycin inhibits ATP synthesis.
|
Cyanide, oligomycin, and 2,4-dinitrophenol compete with O2 in its binding to cytochrome oxidase in complex IV.
|
Biology
|
Oligomycin inhibits the respiratory chain, while cyanide and 2,4-dinitrophenol prevent ATP synthesis.
| 163 | 2 |
32b06c7b-ac33-433d-b792-ce1d5228d942
|
2022
|
The limiting step (regulation point) in fatty acid synthesis is:
|
The formation of malonyl-CoA from malonate and CoA.
|
Condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.
|
The synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate and CoA.
|
Biology
|
The synthesis of malonyl-CoA in the reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
| 164 | 3 |
55098e87-3133-44ba-a33a-3179a1c87bf5
|
2022
|
The oxidation of 3 moles of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway can result in the production of:
|
3 moles of pentose-phosphate, 6 moles of NADPH, and 3 moles of CO2.
|
3 moles of pentose-phosphate, 4 moles of NADPH, and 3 moles of CO2.
|
3 moles of pentose-phosphate, 3 moles of NADPH and 3 moles of CO2.
|
Biology
|
2 moles of pentose-phosphate, 4 moles of NADPH and 8 moles of CO2.
| 165 | 2 |
40a297c4-ad7f-4d46-867e-81288726875a
|
2022
|
Which statement is false regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa?:
|
More than 90% of the strains test negative for the oxidase test.
|
They are Gram-negative bacteria incapable of fermenting lactose.
|
They are mainly associated with infections in hospitalized patients and individuals with cystic fibrosis.
|
Biology
|
They are opportunistic pathogens.
| 166 | 2 |
1146f7aa-9eee-414b-b1db-40eba341e19a
|
2022
|
Ceftazidime-avibactam or imipenem-relebactam are two antibiotics that:
|
They have a dual action, blocking the action of ribosomal methyltransferases.
|
They are directed to the bacterial ribosome.
|
They have excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant staphylococci.
|
Biology
|
They have excellent activity against enterobacteria, inhibiting enzymes of the carbapenemase type.
| 167 | 3 |
685d3b82-0152-4dc2-b2d8-04669a6cf2af
|
2022
|
Which of the following compounds does not have a β-lactam structure:
|
Cefoxitin.
|
Vaborbactam.
|
Aztreonam.
|
Biology
|
Imipenem.
| 168 | 1 |
14380286-8ddc-44bf-9e64-26315e5c479c
|
2022
|
Helicobacter pylori is a:
|
Gram-positive coccus.
|
Gram-negative bacillus.
|
Microorganism without a cell wall and therefore it does not stain by the Gram technique.
|
Biology
|
Gram-positive bacillus.
| 169 | 1 |
7cd4e7fb-b842-4687-92be-bbaa629984ed
|
2022
|
Staphylococci do not grow in the middle of:
|
Chocolate Agar.
|
Blood agar.
|
MacConkey Agar.
|
Biology
|
Mueller-Hinton Agar.
| 170 | 4 |
5f21745e-d811-4541-9a84-b8aea214b248
|
2022
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae can be identified in the laboratory through a PCR of the gene:
|
lytA.
|
mecA.
|
Spa.
|
Biology
|
vanA.
| 171 | 2 |
9a1c17a9-07e5-41cb-ab33-7c36ab92bc73
|
2022
|
Regarding Listeria monocytogenes, it is false that:
|
It produces catalase.
|
It produces beta-hemolysis in blood culture media.
|
The treatment of infections is done with cephalosporins.
|
Biology
|
Serological techniques are not useful for the diagnosis of infection.
| 172 | 4 |
350888ce-2991-4daa-9e7c-9c6ee46ede38
|
2022
|
Microorganisms of the Enterococcus genus exhibit intrinsic resistance to:
|
Penicillins.
|
Cephalosporins.
|
Carbapenems.
|
Biology
|
Glycopeptides.
| 173 | 1 |
d45640a3-538a-4872-a7ee-c2f4b33cd0f6
|
2022
|
In humans, the most characteristic clinical manifestation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is the:
|
Acute urethritis.
|
Urinary infection.
|
Vascular Dermatitis.
|
Biology
|
Septic arthritis.
| 174 | 2 |
dffeb071-65c0-46a9-b662-eb023cabc387
|
2022
|
Pertussis or paroxysmal cough is caused by:
|
Haemophilus influenzae.
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
|
Bordetella pertussis.
|
Biology
|
Moraxella catarrhalis.
| 175 | 4 |
ea1fa84d-de96-4820-94c9-b5b04e64bc32
|
2022
|
Vibrio cholerae:
|
It caused the last pandemic in 1923.
|
It is immobile.
|
It is specifically isolated in TCBS agar (thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar).
|
Biology
|
It is classified into three serogroups based on its O antigen.
| 176 | 4 |
27ffa0d6-c25b-40b6-97f1-b63696c1b9f5
|
2022
|
Which of the following genera is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacillus?:
|
Escherichia.
|
Clostridium.
|
Fusobacterium.
|
Biology
|
Veillonella.
| 177 | 4 |
6edfaea6-761d-411b-906b-d11f474513d5
|
2022
|
The correct association between species and resulting pathology is:
|
Yersinia tuberculosis, pneumonia.
|
Yersinia enterocolitica, arthritis.
|
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, tuberculosis.
|
Biology
|
Yersinia pestis, mesenteric enteritis.
| 178 | 1 |
f07e1598-5979-4753-8226-7eed356c747a
|
2022
|
The false association between infection produced and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli is:
|
Pulmonary infection in patients with cystic fibrosis, Burkholdheria cepacia.
|
External otitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
|
Malta Fever, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
|
Biology
|
Nosocomial Pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii.
| 179 | 4 |
d77c4c1b-59d0-446e-8a04-ca5d7edc3417
|
2022
|
The false association between antibiotic resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacilli is:
|
Polymyxins, modification of the lipopolysaccharide.
|
Quinolones, expulsion pumps.
|
Cephalosporins, beta-lactamases.
|
Biology
|
Aminoglycosides, modification of the DNA gyrase.
| 180 | 3 |
00ba59f9-efc4-490e-b20b-f9654c4659a1
|
2022
|
Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Gram-negative bacilli is not mediated by:
|
Modification of the 50S ribosomal subunit.
|
Mutations in the PBPs.
|
Production of carbapenemases.
|
Biology
|
Repression of porins.
| 181 | 2 |
b1026195-9e5e-4390-9b15-bde1dc345a1b
|
2022
|
About Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
|
The wall has many lipids, including mycolic acids.
|
It is an anaerobic bacillus.
|
It has rapid growth in culture media.
|
Biology
|
Microscopic detection is not used in the diagnosis.
| 182 | 2 |
5016bb8d-678e-4f51-91b4-7cc6367b4bec
|
2022
|
Regarding Mycobacterium leprae, it is false that:
|
It does not grow in artificial culture mediums (acellular).
|
It is an acid-alcohol resistant bacillus.
|
It produces a chronic infection affecting the skin and peripheral nerves.
|
Biology
|
The reservoir and source of infection is environmental.
| 183 | 3 |
965e5314-548f-462e-84a2-e134070f4397
|
2022
|
Regarding the genus Actinomyces, it is false that:
|
They grow slowly in culture mediums.
|
They are Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli.
|
In the treatment of the infections it causes, penicillin is the antimicrobial of choice.
|
Biology
|
They can cause a chronic and suppurative infection.
| 184 | 1 |
dfb3589a-ed64-4e7b-9818-f2be79cf001a
|
2022
|
Regarding antifungal drugs, it is false that:
|
Amphotericin B works by binding to ergosterol.
|
Azoles can only be administered intravenously or topically.
|
The 5-Fluorocytosine acts by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA and RNA.
|
Biology
|
Caspofungin is active against the Candida and Aspergillus genera.
| 185 | 1 |
4b09a5bd-fb3e-473b-8c36-f3a71b5596bb
|
2022
|
Regarding the Aspergillus genus, it is false that:
|
It grows well in Sabouraud medium.
|
It is a dimorphic fungus.
|
The serological detection of galactomannan aids in the diagnosis of invasive infections.
|
Biology
|
Its isolation in a patient may indicate infection or a simple colonization.
| 186 | 1 |
d5e7b320-b6b6-4f8a-87da-eba3ed0ba3ec
|
2022
|
Which of the following viruses is formed by double-stranded DNA, has icosahedral symmetry, and has an envelope?:
|
Astrovirus.
|
Herpes virus type 1 and type 2.
|
Coronavirus.
|
Biology
|
Poxvirus.
| 187 | 1 |
e20d5052-34f4-4e5d-a249-9ca803ed5af0
|
2022
|
Which method proves to be of little use for the diagnosis of the simple herpes virus, in the context of a recurring viral infection?
|
Serology.
|
Direct microscopic examination of cells from the base of the lesion.
|
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
|
Biology
|
Cell cultures.
| 188 | 2 |
0f52bc76-86d4-4c3d-9a9d-63d87000181f
|
2022
|
Which virus has monkeys as a reservoir and mosquitoes of the Aedes genus as a transmission vector?
|
Rabies virus.
|
Dengue virus.
|
Lassa Virus.
|
Biology
|
Encephalitis virus.
| 189 | 1 |
96cd181a-aff6-44c0-85d1-655c122fbc25
|
2022
|
Which of the following viruses belongs to the Flaviviridae family?:
|
Dengue virus.
|
Ebola virus.
|
Rotavirus.
|
Biology
|
Chikungunya virus.
| 190 | 2 |
96137095-a020-4b5a-a38c-d38d93d5c10b
|
2022
|
Regarding congenital rubella, in which period of gestation is fetal affection most severe?:
|
Second trimester.
|
First trimester.
|
Coinciding with childbirth.
|
Biology
|
Third trimester.
| 191 | 1 |
1be2467b-7f9d-4d37-8066-be1d3e1c5fdc
|
2022
|
Which of the following molecules is not a receptor for the cellular entry of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)?:
|
CD8.
|
CD4.
|
CXCR4.
|
Biology
|
CCR5.
| 192 | 2 |
8c6c28ad-07e8-488e-9aa8-88f4e4dc88c2
|
2022
|
Which of the following viruses preferentially infects erythroid progenitor cells?:
|
Measles.
|
Measles.
|
Parvovirus B19.
|
Biology
|
Mumps.
| 193 | 4 |
4f579163-14d2-480c-9a44-21f18a1928d2
|
2022
|
does not belong to the Paramyxoviridae family:
|
Parainfluenza virus 1.
|
Influenza A virus.
|
Measles virus.
|
Biology
|
Mumps virus.
| 194 | 1 |
49444c1e-46a7-4325-b1ae-d16b6901adde
|
2022
|
The transmission of the Hepatitis E virus in developed countries is often related to the route:
|
Oral through consumption of meat from contaminated animals.
|
Oral through ingestion of contaminated water.
|
Parenteral through blood transfusion from infected donors.
|
Biology
|
Respiratory.
| 195 | 2 |
9500f371-965b-4b55-9489-6ee6b92188bb
|
2022
|
The differential parasitological diagnosis between a Taenia solium and a Taenia saginata is based on:
|
The cultivation of feces on agar enriched with charcoal.
|
The observation of eggs in the concentrated feces.
|
The reaction of the sample after washing with physiological serum.
|
Biology
|
The macroscopic observation of the uterine branches of the gravid proglottids.
| 196 | 3 |
4160dd42-1247-4bdc-87db-bf54bf399f74
|
2022
|
What is the treatment of choice for Cryptosporidum sp. in an immunocompromised patient?
|
Cotrimoxazole.
|
Nitazoxanide.
|
Eflornithine.
|
Biology
|
Atovaquone.
| 197 | 1 |
16653f83-b9ce-429f-a3cc-abf80c0a61a6
|
2022
|
What form of the Plasmodium parasite does the Anopheles mosquito inject when it bites a human, transmitting the infection?
|
Schizont.
|
Trophozoite.
|
Merozoite.
|
Biology
|
Sporozoite.
| 198 | 3 |
f63f1101-6eaf-4384-aff6-e9915bfa0c59
|
2022
|
Which of these analytical findings appears in the Plasmodium falciparum infection?
|
Pyuria.
|
Thrombocytopenia.
|
Hypercalcemia.
|
Biology
|
Hypocholesterolemia.
| 199 | 1 |
de02e167-be8a-47c0-a689-46417ffdff25
|
2022
|
Regarding Acinetobacter baumannii, it is false that:
|
It is negative for the oxidase test.
|
Under the microscope, it is typically observed as a long and thin Gram-negative bacillus.
|
It can be a cause of pneumonia in patients admitted to intensive care units.
|
Biology
|
It is usually resistant to multiple antibiotics.
| 200 | 1 |
d441771c-0609-4661-8ed6-bcb3f5b7fd92
|
2022
|
What is the term for the lack of descent of the testicles from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum?
|
Orchitis.
|
Cryptorchidism.
|
Hypospadias.
|
Biology
|
Anorchia.
| 201 | 1 |
15aaa7ec-3f2f-4269-b987-a5ae160f03c4
|
2022
|
Intercalated discs are characteristic of:
|
Smooth muscle.
|
Skeletal muscle.
|
Arterial vascular muscle.
|
Biology
|
Cardiac muscle.
| 202 | 3 |
eabc02e1-5024-4339-802f-e02c2ec67eee
|
2022
|
In which of the following cells are Reinke's crystals characteristic of?
|
Hepatocytes.
|
Goblet cells of the intestine.
|
Leydig Cells.
|
Biology
|
Alveolar macrophages.
| 203 | 4 |
c8257992-a7d7-4b71-bd9c-279977771f6f
|
2022
|
What is the function of type II pneumocytes?
|
Phagocytosis of microorganisms.
|
Gaseous exchange.
|
Mucinogen synthesis.
|
Biology
|
Synthesis of surfactant substance.
| 204 | 3 |
5eecb7d1-5ec3-487b-b5d2-473a4c0ae9ba
|
2022
|
Which of the following statements regarding allergic reactions is incorrect?:
|
In atopic individuals, high levels of IgE are usually produced against environmental allergens.
|
Allergy is a disease that typically occurs due to a type 1 immune response mediated by IFNγ and TNFα cytokines that induce the production of IgE.
|
The development of allergic diseases is the result of complex (and not completely known) interactions between genes and the environment.
|
Biology
|
Most allergens are proteins or chemical substances bound to proteins.
| 205 | 1 |
c828f4e4-8214-4b2d-8190-54100251f024
|
2022
|
We have two variables X and Y that are uncorrelated with each other (their correlation coefficient r=0). If we were to construct the regression line Y=a+bX+e, then we can say with certainty:
|
The slope parameter (b) is zero.
|
The mean of X is zero.
|
The average of Y is b times the average of X.
|
Biology
|
The parameter ordinate at the origin (a) is zero.
| 206 | 2 |
22ea5848-12ea-40d0-9695-9587478b3161
|
2022
|
Which of the following fatty acids produces more ATP after complete oxidation (CO2+H2O) of 1 mol of each of them?:
|
16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid.
|
16-carbon saturated fatty acid.
|
Polyunsaturated fatty acid with 16 carbons.
|
Biology
|
Monounsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbons.
| 207 | 3 |
3bab6a32-8337-4f39-858f-30a08402a689
|
2022
|
Which of the following actions leads to the activation of glycogen phosphorylase, both in the liver and muscle?:
|
Dephosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues by protein phosphatase-1 (PP1).
|
Binding of glucose-6-phosphate to an allosteric binding site.
|
Binding of glucose to an allosteric binding site.
|
Biology
|
Phosphorylation of specific residues by glycogen phosphorylase kinase.
| 208 | 3 |
f08eae35-3c89-4f36-a909-2bff5efc564b
|
2022
|
Regarding the antigenic structure of Staphylococcus aureus, it is false to say that it contains:
|
Mycolic Acids.
|
Teichoic Acids.
|
Aggregation factor.
|
Biology
|
Protein A.
| 209 | 2 |
ee697382-f512-4699-a6d0-2b69a36b2305
|
2022
|
Which virus from the Herpesviridae family is capable of causing recurrent disease from hematopoietic progenitor cells and monocytes and is considered an opportunistic disease?
|
Cytomegalovirus.
|
Varicella-zoster virus.
|
Simplex herpes virus 1 and 2.
|
Biology
|
Epstein-Barr Virus.
| 210 | 2 |
14323da8-dc1c-48a2-8e6f-6e10c06e9e9d
|
2022
|
The conduction speed of an action potential will be greater:
|
In the axons without myelin.
|
The larger the diameter of the axon.
|
The smaller the diameter of the axon.
|
Biology
|
The longer the length of the axon.
| 1 | 1 |
9c3d4339-e30a-4318-b2a9-5cd0407f2712
|
2021
|
Electrical synapses are characterized by:
|
Use a neurotransmitter to transmit information.
|
Show a synaptic delay greater than in chemical synapses.
|
Transmit the information in a unidirectional manner.
|
Biology
|
Use channels to transmit information.
| 2 | 3 |
18d8099f-d072-4285-85f1-225a943745bd
|
2021
|
The sensory systems encode the intensity of stimuli based on:
|
The frequency of action potentials.
|
The size of action potentials.
|
The duration of the action potential.
|
Biology
|
The transmission speed of the action potential.
| 3 | 2 |
f1423b8f-5617-435f-8822-b0a488fdf9c1
|
2021
|
In the olfactory receptor neurons, the odorant receptor proteins are located in:
|
The cilia.
|
The neuronal soma.
|
The synaptic terminal.
|
Biology
|
The axon.
| 4 | 2 |
06d8c695-cae9-47e0-a560-a19c836a7e41
|
2021
|
It is called motor unit:
|
To a nerve and all the muscles that it innervates.
|
To the group of an alpha motor neuron and all the muscle cells it innervates.
|
To the set of muscle fibers that a muscle contains.
|
Biology
|
To the set of muscles that move a joint.
| 5 | 1 |
93201701-f70b-44b2-93cc-98bafe316a6b
|
2021
|
If the mechanism of action of a hormone occurs through the activation of phospholipase C:
|
An intracellular receptor is first activated.
|
The second messenger involved is cAMP.
|
Ca2+ release from intracellular stores is induced.
|
Biology
|
The adenylate cyclase is activated.
| 6 | 4 |
d667bd2a-3f10-4ba1-b55e-a5bc3dc50ed5
|
2021
|
Which of the following hormones is synthesized in the pituitary gland?:
|
Antidiuretic hormone.
|
Prolactin.
|
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
|
Biology
|
Oxytocin.
| 7 | 1 |
6559abc0-a2b7-4a36-a407-2a2cbb034413
|
2021
|
The growth hormone:
|
It is a peptide of 10 amino acids.
|
It stimulates the synthesis of proteins.
|
It is hypoglycemic.
|
Biology
|
The products of its degradation are called somatomedins.
| 8 | 1 |
fb3e8785-9b22-4ebf-93e8-e8d1d7adbf7d
|
2021
|
Which of the following factors decreases the secretion of insulin?:
|
Sulfonylureas.
|
Glucagon.
|
Obesity.
|
Biology
|
Somatostatin.
| 9 | 3 |
efcfb4c5-5693-4a32-9eae-2e5bedcf9a10
|
2021
|
The secretion of thyroid hormones:
|
It is inhibited by the thyroid stimulating hormone.
|
It is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
|
It does not depend on feedback control.
|
Biology
|
It is inhibited by thyroid hormones.
| 10 | 3 |
cbb915a8-113f-48c0-a804-f36f4c24b44f
|
2021
|
During the depolarization phase of the ventricular cardiac action potential, the following channels open:
|
Na+.
|
Ca2+.
|
K+.
|
Biology
|
Na+ and K+.
| 11 | 2 |
de22fd1a-d7bc-4633-a79f-91cc60f287e5
|
2021
|
What happens to the left ventricular pressure during the isovolumetric contraction phase?
|
Does not vary.
|
Increases.
|
It goes down and then up.
|
Biology
|
Decreases.
| 12 | 1 |
3bf96157-6a55-40f3-87c1-d66f2f9ad622
|
2021
|
The difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume is called:
|
Systolic volume.
|
Diastolic volume.
|
Residual volume.
|
Biology
|
Atrial volume.
| 13 | 2 |
dbfaa6cc-8b88-474a-8939-7e417a68d055
|
2021
|
The blood flow in the left coronary artery is higher:
|
At the beginning of the diastole.
|
At the beginning of systole.
|
At the end of the diastole.
|
Biology
|
At the end of systole.
| 14 | 2 |
f23d8892-bccc-4745-80df-e9e9f534774c
|
2021
|
What vascular modifications would be expected when a subject rises from a supine position?
|
Orthostatic hypotension.
|
Increase in mean arterial pressure.
|
Decrease in venous pressure in the legs.
|
Biology
|
Vasovagal syncope.
| 15 | 2 |
645ed046-c26d-44be-9710-fdfd4051935f
|
2021
|
The Leydig cells:
|
They establish the blood-testis barrier.
|
They synthesize testosterone from cholesterol.
|
They are the main target of FSH.
|
Biology
|
They synthesize estradiol from testosterone.
| 16 | 1 |
e06d5b5a-2fda-4586-a7cc-c1a2f1d5d0c7
|
2021
|
The progesterone stimulates:
|
Contraction of the myometrium.
|
Endometrial proliferation.
|
LH Secretion.
|
Biology
|
Secretion of the endometrial glands.
| 17 | 3 |
20aab538-0a5c-4ea1-8c03-5688f26bfca3
|
2021
|
It reduces the probability of polyspermy:
|
Exocytosis of the cortical granules of the ovum.
|
Acrosome reaction.
|
Reduction of intracellular Ca2+ in the ovum.
|
Biology
|
Sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida.
| 18 | 2 |
9d0a05ab-33f2-4c73-8a03-81caafec066f
|
2021
|
The thrombin:
|
Converts fibrinogen into fibrin.
|
Inhibits platelet activation.
|
Inhibits the activation of protein C.
|
Biology
|
Inhibits the activation of prothrombin.
| 19 | 2 |
d1cf661c-d35f-4f18-8204-3227ea3e6f17
|
2021
|
The value of the hematocrit:
|
Increases in the pregnant woman.
|
Decreases due to the effect of erythropoietin.
|
Increases during acclimatization to altitude.
|
Biology
|
Indicates the concentration of leukocytes in blood.
| 20 | 4 |
db0f4fe8-4525-40bd-bed6-74f914bd236c
|
2021
|
We can affirm about the enteric nervous system that:
|
The myenteric plexus controls the secretions of the digestive tract.
|
The parasympathetic stimulation decreases its activity.
|
The submucosal plexus controls gastrointestinal movements.
|
Biology
|
The myenteric plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers.
| 21 | 3 |
9324e908-e6d0-410b-8a47-efcf7aa7e06e
|
2021
|
Regarding secretin, it is correct that:
|
It stimulates gastric evacuation and acid secretion.
|
The stimulus for its release is the presence of fatty acids and some amino acids in the small intestine.
|
Stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate and fluids by the pancreatic ducts.
|
Biology
|
It stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the contraction of the gallbladder.
| 22 | 4 |
87a6d4f4-8bf6-4cf4-b5a8-1ce15035bbc1
|
2021
|
Regarding bile secretion, it is correct that:
|
The biliary pigments, mainly bilirubin, are responsible for the emulsion of fats.
|
It is produced in the gallbladder and stored in the liver.
|
Bile salts are indispensable for enzymatic digestion and absorption of proteins.
|
Biology
|
It concentrates in the gallbladder through reabsorption of water and ions.
| 23 | 3 |
c29cecfc-156a-4b25-b764-63004870996d
|
2021
|
For the absorption of fats, the enterocyte re-esterifies the lipid components and assembles them into:
|
Chylomicrons.
|
Triglycerides.
|
LDL.
|
Biology
|
HDL.
| 24 | 2 |
ac9512ad-c42f-49db-a19a-32cc98c8b0bb
|
2021
|
Regarding the ultrafiltration of a substance in the renal glomerulus, it is true that:
|
It is independent of its molecular mass.
|
It is independent of its electrical charge.
|
It depends on the circulation in the vasa recta.
|
Biology
|
It depends on its molecular mass and its electrical charge.
| 25 | 3 |
912cd2f2-2b15-439a-922f-46504edf7d07
|
2021
|
The value of creatinine clearance is a suitable index for estimating the rate of:
|
Glomerular filtration.
|
Tubular secretion.
|
Reabsorption in the collecting duct.
|
Biology
|
Reabsorption in proximal tubule.
| 26 | 2 |
2dc43534-a88c-4acf-ab9b-a20911f37815
|
2021
|
Regarding glucose at the renal level, it is correct that:
|
The glomerulus establishes the filtration limit depending on the blood pressure.
|
It is exclusively reabsorbed in the distal tubule.
|
It is filtered depending on the plasma concentration of insulin.
|
Biology
|
It has a reabsorption limit defined by the concept called maximum tubular transport.
| 27 | 3 |
c2ac521f-0361-4409-9b81-bb0c93395ca8
|
2021
|
Regarding the reabsorption phenomena that occur in the loop of Henle, it is correct that:
|
Reabsorption of Na+ occurs in the ascending limb and water in the descending one.
|
The vasa recta are responsible for the mechanism of urine concentration.
|
90% of renal reabsorption of K+ occurs.
|
Biology
|
Na+ reabsorption occurs in the descending branch and water in the ascending one.
| 28 | 2 |
cade1fee-e7bb-4e9e-a97a-3e35ba20bf04
|
2021
|
Physiologically, when do subatmospheric values appear in intra-alveolar pressure?
|
During exhalation.
|
During inspiration.
|
Always.
|
Biology
|
During apnea.
| 29 | 1 |
7be4fa5f-bd03-431e-8fd4-5650fb997aa4
|
2021
|
What is the name given to the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum expiratory effort?
|
Tidal volume.
|
Residual volume.
|
There is no air left in the lungs after a forced exhalation.
|
Biology
|
Expiratory reserve volume.
| 30 | 1 |
97d54a3d-dc33-4037-b8c1-10ab771dc8f9
|
2021
|
What type of receptors mediate the relaxing response of the bronchial smooth muscle?
|
Muscarinic.
|
Alpha Adrenergics.
|
Nicotinic.
|
Biology
|
Beta adrenergic.
| 31 | 3 |
13b99fda-887c-4e14-aa0f-fe3f6b9af64a
|
2021
|
To the variations of which compound do the chemoreceptors of the medulla oblongata respond in the control of ventilation?
|
Partial pressure of CO2 in the cerebrospinal fluid.
|
Partial pressure of CO2 in the blood plasma.
|
Partial pressure of O2 in the cerebrospinal fluid.
|
Biology
|
Concentration of H+ in the cerebrospinal fluid.
| 32 | 3 |
0a5c2694-736c-4a74-9571-909fbe1b7d47
|
2021
|
With what combination of factors did Yamanaka and his colleagues achieve for the first time the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)?
|
Oct4, c-Myc, Klf4 and Sox2.
|
Oct4, Nanog, Bmp2 and Sox9.
|
Nanog, c-Myc, Fgf2, and Msx2.
|
Biology
|
Nanog, Klf14, Fgf2 and Msx2.
| 33 | 2 |
396ba264-3fda-4376-9cde-940756682375
|
2021
|
Which of the following bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?:
|
The cervical vertebrae.
|
The parietal.
|
The fibula.
|
Biology
|
The scaphoid.
| 34 | 1 |
99b1d07b-c271-4386-9182-d6ae52a43d5a
|
2021
|
The lens derives from:
|
The neuroectoderm.
|
The optical vesicle.
|
The cephalic mesoderm.
|
Biology
|
The surface ectoderm.
| 35 | 3 |
502b90bb-6cb3-48a5-9381-750de7be2f47
|
2021
|
In the interphase nucleus, the linear chain of nucleosomes (nucleofilament) corresponds to the chromatin fiber of:
|
30 nm.
|
10 nm.
|
300 nm.
|
Biology
|
165 nm.
| 36 | 1 |
fee9ccf3-9401-4a5b-add8-4bc9ae1f63fc
|
2021
|
The enzymohistochemical technique to locate lysosomes in the cell detects the enzymatic activity of the:
|
NADPH-diaphorase.
|
Alkaline phosphatase.
|
Acid phosphatase.
|
Biology
|
Peroxidase.
| 37 | 4 |
cc9b8d48-ef58-4b93-976c-a08fec04cf4c
|
2021
|
The cell uses "dynamic instability" of microtubules in:
|
The cellular organization in mitosis.
|
The functioning of cilia and flagella.
|
The formation of the caveolae.
|
Biology
|
Phagocytosis.
| 38 | 2 |
c8e37aea-3643-4fdc-9bdf-ba21ac9bba27
|
2021
|
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