manu/mldr-zoomed-100char-total-queries-documents

chunk_id stringlengths 3 9	chunk stringlengths 1 100
139_180	Hancock, Houghton, Hurontown, Laurium, Osceola, Oskar, Painesdale, Point Mills, Sevenmile Creek,
139_181	Superior, Tamarack, Toivola, near Torch Lake, Twin Lakes, and Wolverine in Houghton County; and
139_182	Copper Falls, Copper Harbor, Isle Royale, near Jacob's Creek, Mandan, Manitou Island, Ojibway,
139_183	Phoenix, and Vaughsville in Keweenaw County.
139_184	Also not included on this list are the hundreds of prehistoric mining pits that exist throughout
139_185	the Copper Country.
139_186	See also Copper mining in Michigan List of Copper Country smelters List of Copper Country mills
139_187	Lists of copper mines in the United States
139_188	Copper Country mines Copper Country mines
140_0	U.S. Route 31 (US 31) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Spanish
140_1	Fort, Alabama, to Mackinaw City, Michigan. In the U.S. state of Tennessee, it runs concurrently
140_2	with Interstate 65 (I-65) for the first mile northward from the Tennessee state line. There US 31
140_3	parallels I-65 to downtown Nashville. At Pulaski US 31 meets the southern terminus of US 31A in
140_4	Tennessee. US 31 continues due north through Lynnville, Columbia, Spring Hill, Franklin and
140_5	Brentwood to Nashville. The route splits into US 31E and US 31W in Nashville and go into Kentucky.
140_6	Route description
140_7	The first mile of US 31 in Tennessee runs concurrently with I-65. At Exit 1 in Ardmore, it leaves
140_8	I-65 and begins an unsigned concurrency with State Route 7. US 31 then goes through Elkton before
140_9	going through mainly rural countryside until it has an intersection with US 64 on the outskirts of
140_10	Pulaski. US 31 gains the name 1st Street through Pulaski; upon leaving Pulaski US 31 meets the
140_11	southern terminus of US 31A (Grigsby Street). US 31 goes through more rural countryside on its way
140_12	to Columbia. In Columbia, US 31 picks up the names Carmack Boulevard and Garden Street; it also has
140_13	a short concurrency with US 412 Business (US 412 Bus.) and intersects the northern terminus of
140_14	US 43. After leaving Columbia, US 31 gains two designations, first it gains a Tennessee Parkway
140_15	designation from Columbia to Rosa L. Parks Boulevard in Nashville, and then it picks up the hidden
140_16	SR 6, which it keeps later as US 31E to the Tennessee state line. US 31 goes through some more
140_17	rural countryside before meeting the western terminus of SR 396 (Saturn Parkway) in Spring Hill and
140_18	gains the name 1st Street. After leaving Spring Hill, US 31 has an interchange with I-840. US 31
140_19	then continues into Franklin, where US 31 Truck makes a turn to the east onto SR 397 (Mack Hatcher
140_20	Memorial Parkway), while US 31, erroneously signed here as US 31 Business (which doesn't actually
140_21	exist and US 31 mainline is signed throughout Franklin), passes north through downtown Franklin.
140_22	US 31 then has an intersection with mainline US 431 (5th Avenue) before passing through Franklin
140_23	Square and crossing the Harpeth River to meet SR 397 and the northern end of US 31 Truck. US 31
140_24	then goes through the Nasville suburb of Brentwood as Franklin Road. While in Brentwood, US 31 has
140_25	three important interchanges with SR 441 (Moores Lane), SR 253 (Concord Road) and SR 254 (Old
140_26	Hickory Boulevard). US 31 next goes through the cities of Oak Hill and Berry Hill, where it has an
140_27	interchange with SR 155 (Thompson Lane/Woodmount Boulevard), before arriving in Nashville.
140_28	US 31 next gains the name 8th Avenue and a while later overlaps US 41 (Lafayette Street), US 70S
140_29	and US 41A. After going over Broadway (US 70 and US 431), US 31 picks up US 431, loses US 70S and
140_30	gains the name Rosa L. Parks Boulevard. US 31, US 431 and US 41 and US 41A then go around the
140_31	Tennessee State Capitol Building and lose US 41A, the Rosa L. Parks name and the Tennessee Parkway
140_32	designation. US 31, US 431 and US 41 then go over the Cumberland River on the Victory Memorial
140_33	Bridge. US 31, US 431 and US 41 then have an interchange with I-24. Immediately after the I-24
140_34	interchange, US 31E splits off (as Ellington Parkway) from US 31, US 41 US 431 and creating the
140_35	beginning of the U.S. Route 31E–US 31W split.
140_36	US 31E is called Ellington Parkway until its overlap with SR 155 (Briley Parkway) between exits 15
140_37	and 14. US 31E then changes names to Johnny Cash Parkway. US 31E then goes through Hendersonville,
140_38	picks up the name Nashville Pike and has a incomplete interchange with SR 386 (Vietnam Veterans
140_39	Parkway). US 31E then goes through Gallatin, meets the northern terminus of SR 386 and US 31E
140_40	Bypass. US 31E then goes through rural countryside, picks up US 231 at Westmoreland. US 31E and
140_41	US 231 the go through more rural countryside until the Tennessee state border (where the northern
140_42	terminus of SR 6 is). US 31E and US 231 stay concurrent into Kentucky.
140_43	As for US 31W, US 41 and US 431 they change names a total of two times, first from Spring Street to
140_44	then Dickerson Pike. US 431 leaves the congruence at Trinty Lane, leaving US 31W, US 41 to carry
140_45	on. US 31W, US 41 then have a incomplete interchange with SR 155 and I-65. US 31W, US 41 split just
140_46	north of Goodlettsville. US 31W has an interchange with I-65. US 31W the goes through rural
140_47	countryside until getting to White House. US 31W then goes through more rural countryside until
140_48	reaching the Tennessee state border, where it crosses in Kentucky.
140_49	History
140_50	US 31 through Tennessee was one of the original 1926 highways. that was approved on November 11,
140_51	1926.
140_52	Major intersections References
140_53	31 Tennessee Transportation in Giles County, Tennessee Transportation in Maury County, Tennessee
140_54	Transportation in Williamson County, Tennessee Transportation in Davidson County, Tennessee
140_55	Columbia, Tennessee Franklin, Tennessee Transportation in Nashville, Tennessee
141_0	Lake Naivasha is a freshwater lake in Kenya, outside the town of Naivasha in Nakuru County, which
141_1	lies north west of Nairobi. It is part of the Great Rift Valley. The name derives from the local
141_2	Maasai name Nai'posha, meaning "rough water" because of the sudden storms which can arise.
141_3	Location
141_4	Lake Naivasha is at the highest elevation of the Kenyan Rift valley at in a complex geological
141_5	combination of volcanic rocks and sedimentary deposits from a larger Pleistocene Era lake. Apart
141_6	from transient streams, the lake is fed by the perennial Malewa and Gilgil rivers. There is no
141_7	visible outlet, but since the lake water is relatively fresh it is assumed to have an underground
141_8	outflow.
141_9	The lake has a surface area of ,
141_10	and is surrounded by a swamp which covers an area of , but this can vary largely depending on
141_11	rainfall. It is situated at an altitude of . The lake has an average depth of , with the deepest
141_12	area being at Crescent Island, at a maximum depth of . Njorowa Gorge once formed the lake's outlet,
141_13	but it is now high above the lake and forms the entrance to Hell's Gate National Park. The town of
141_14	Naivasha (formerly East Nakuru) lies on the north-east edge of the lake.
141_15	Ecology
141_16	The lake is home to a variety of types of wildlife including over 400 different species of bird and
141_17	a sizable population of hippos. The fish community in the lake has been highly variable over time,
141_18	influenced by changes in climate, fishing effort and the introduction of invasive species. The
141_19	most recent shift in the fish population followed the accidental introduction of common carp in
141_20	2001. Nine years later, in 2010, common carp accounted for over 90% of the mass of fish caught in
141_21	the lake.
141_22	There are two smaller lakes in the vicinity of Lake Naivasha: Lake Oloiden and Lake Sonachi (a
141_23	green crater lake). The Crater Lake Game Sanctuary lies nearby, while the lake shore is known for
141_24	its population of European immigrants and settlers.
141_25	History
141_26	Between 1937 and 1950, the lake was used as a landing place for flying boats on the Imperial
141_27	Airways passenger and mail route from Southampton in Britain to South Africa. It linked Kisumu and
141_28	Nairobi. Joy Adamson, the author of Born Free, lived on the shores of the lake in the mid-1960s.
141_29	On the shores of the lake is Oserian ("Djinn Palace"), which gained notoriety in the Happy Valley
141_30	days between the two world wars. It now forms part of the Oserian flower farm. In 1999, the Lake
141_31	Naivasha Riparian Association received the Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award for its conservation
141_32	efforts regarding the Lake Naivasha Ramsar site.
141_33	Agriculture and Industry
141_34	Floriculture forms the main industry around the lake. However, the largely unregulated use of lake

139_180

Hancock, Houghton, Hurontown, Laurium, Osceola, Oskar, Painesdale, Point Mills, Sevenmile Creek,

139_181

Superior, Tamarack, Toivola, near Torch Lake, Twin Lakes, and Wolverine in Houghton County; and

139_182

Copper Falls, Copper Harbor, Isle Royale, near Jacob's Creek, Mandan, Manitou Island, Ojibway,

139_183

Phoenix, and Vaughsville in Keweenaw County.

139_184

Also not included on this list are the hundreds of prehistoric mining pits that exist throughout

139_185

the Copper Country.

139_186

See also Copper mining in Michigan List of Copper Country smelters List of Copper Country mills

139_187

Lists of copper mines in the United States

139_188

Copper Country mines Copper Country mines

140_0

U.S. Route 31 (US 31) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Spanish

140_1

Fort, Alabama, to Mackinaw City, Michigan. In the U.S. state of Tennessee, it runs concurrently

140_2

with Interstate 65 (I-65) for the first mile northward from the Tennessee state line. There US 31

140_3

parallels I-65 to downtown Nashville. At Pulaski US 31 meets the southern terminus of US 31A in

140_4

Tennessee. US 31 continues due north through Lynnville, Columbia, Spring Hill, Franklin and

140_5

Brentwood to Nashville. The route splits into US 31E and US 31W in Nashville and go into Kentucky.

140_6

Route description

140_7

The first mile of US 31 in Tennessee runs concurrently with I-65. At Exit 1 in Ardmore, it leaves

140_8

I-65 and begins an unsigned concurrency with State Route 7. US 31 then goes through Elkton before

140_9

going through mainly rural countryside until it has an intersection with US 64 on the outskirts of

140_10

Pulaski. US 31 gains the name 1st Street through Pulaski; upon leaving Pulaski US 31 meets the

140_11

southern terminus of US 31A (Grigsby Street). US 31 goes through more rural countryside on its way

140_12

to Columbia. In Columbia, US 31 picks up the names Carmack Boulevard and Garden Street; it also has

140_13

a short concurrency with US 412 Business (US 412 Bus.) and intersects the northern terminus of

140_14

US 43. After leaving Columbia, US 31 gains two designations, first it gains a Tennessee Parkway

140_15

designation from Columbia to Rosa L. Parks Boulevard in Nashville, and then it picks up the hidden

140_16

SR 6, which it keeps later as US 31E to the Tennessee state line. US 31 goes through some more

140_17

rural countryside before meeting the western terminus of SR 396 (Saturn Parkway) in Spring Hill and

140_18

gains the name 1st Street. After leaving Spring Hill, US 31 has an interchange with I-840. US 31

140_19

then continues into Franklin, where US 31 Truck makes a turn to the east onto SR 397 (Mack Hatcher

140_20

Memorial Parkway), while US 31, erroneously signed here as US 31 Business (which doesn't actually

140_21

exist and US 31 mainline is signed throughout Franklin), passes north through downtown Franklin.

140_22

US 31 then has an intersection with mainline US 431 (5th Avenue) before passing through Franklin

140_23

Square and crossing the Harpeth River to meet SR 397 and the northern end of US 31 Truck. US 31

140_24

then goes through the Nasville suburb of Brentwood as Franklin Road. While in Brentwood, US 31 has

140_25

three important interchanges with SR 441 (Moores Lane), SR 253 (Concord Road) and SR 254 (Old

140_26

Hickory Boulevard). US 31 next goes through the cities of Oak Hill and Berry Hill, where it has an

140_27

interchange with SR 155 (Thompson Lane/Woodmount Boulevard), before arriving in Nashville.

140_28

US 31 next gains the name 8th Avenue and a while later overlaps US 41 (Lafayette Street), US 70S

140_29

and US 41A. After going over Broadway (US 70 and US 431), US 31 picks up US 431, loses US 70S and

140_30

gains the name Rosa L. Parks Boulevard. US 31, US 431 and US 41 and US 41A then go around the

140_31

Tennessee State Capitol Building and lose US 41A, the Rosa L. Parks name and the Tennessee Parkway

140_32

designation. US 31, US 431 and US 41 then go over the Cumberland River on the Victory Memorial

140_33

Bridge. US 31, US 431 and US 41 then have an interchange with I-24. Immediately after the I-24

140_34

interchange, US 31E splits off (as Ellington Parkway) from US 31, US 41 US 431 and creating the

140_35

beginning of the U.S. Route 31E–US 31W split.

140_36

US 31E is called Ellington Parkway until its overlap with SR 155 (Briley Parkway) between exits 15

140_37

and 14. US 31E then changes names to Johnny Cash Parkway. US 31E then goes through Hendersonville,

140_38

picks up the name Nashville Pike and has a incomplete interchange with SR 386 (Vietnam Veterans

140_39

Parkway). US 31E then goes through Gallatin, meets the northern terminus of SR 386 and US 31E

140_40

Bypass. US 31E then goes through rural countryside, picks up US 231 at Westmoreland. US 31E and

140_41

US 231 the go through more rural countryside until the Tennessee state border (where the northern

140_42

terminus of SR 6 is). US 31E and US 231 stay concurrent into Kentucky.

140_43

As for US 31W, US 41 and US 431 they change names a total of two times, first from Spring Street to

140_44

then Dickerson Pike. US 431 leaves the congruence at Trinty Lane, leaving US 31W, US 41 to carry

140_45

on. US 31W, US 41 then have a incomplete interchange with SR 155 and I-65. US 31W, US 41 split just

140_46

north of Goodlettsville. US 31W has an interchange with I-65. US 31W the goes through rural

140_47

countryside until getting to White House. US 31W then goes through more rural countryside until

140_48

reaching the Tennessee state border, where it crosses in Kentucky.

140_49

History

140_50

US 31 through Tennessee was one of the original 1926 highways. that was approved on November 11,

140_51

1926.

140_52

Major intersections References

140_53

31 Tennessee Transportation in Giles County, Tennessee Transportation in Maury County, Tennessee

140_54

Transportation in Williamson County, Tennessee Transportation in Davidson County, Tennessee

140_55

Columbia, Tennessee Franklin, Tennessee Transportation in Nashville, Tennessee

141_0

Lake Naivasha is a freshwater lake in Kenya, outside the town of Naivasha in Nakuru County, which

141_1

lies north west of Nairobi. It is part of the Great Rift Valley. The name derives from the local

141_2

Maasai name Nai'posha, meaning "rough water" because of the sudden storms which can arise.

141_3

Location

141_4

Lake Naivasha is at the highest elevation of the Kenyan Rift valley at in a complex geological

141_5

combination of volcanic rocks and sedimentary deposits from a larger Pleistocene Era lake. Apart

141_6

from transient streams, the lake is fed by the perennial Malewa and Gilgil rivers. There is no

141_7

visible outlet, but since the lake water is relatively fresh it is assumed to have an underground

141_8

outflow.

141_9

The lake has a surface area of ,

141_10

and is surrounded by a swamp which covers an area of , but this can vary largely depending on

141_11

rainfall. It is situated at an altitude of . The lake has an average depth of , with the deepest

141_12

area being at Crescent Island, at a maximum depth of . Njorowa Gorge once formed the lake's outlet,

141_13

but it is now high above the lake and forms the entrance to Hell's Gate National Park. The town of

141_14

Naivasha (formerly East Nakuru) lies on the north-east edge of the lake.

141_15

Ecology

141_16

The lake is home to a variety of types of wildlife including over 400 different species of bird and

141_17

a sizable population of hippos. The fish community in the lake has been highly variable over time,

141_18

influenced by changes in climate, fishing effort and the introduction of invasive species. The

141_19

most recent shift in the fish population followed the accidental introduction of common carp in

141_20

2001. Nine years later, in 2010, common carp accounted for over 90% of the mass of fish caught in

141_21

the lake.

141_22

There are two smaller lakes in the vicinity of Lake Naivasha: Lake Oloiden and Lake Sonachi (a

141_23

green crater lake). The Crater Lake Game Sanctuary lies nearby, while the lake shore is known for

141_24

its population of European immigrants and settlers.

141_25

History

141_26

Between 1937 and 1950, the lake was used as a landing place for flying boats on the Imperial

141_27

Airways passenger and mail route from Southampton in Britain to South Africa. It linked Kisumu and

141_28

Nairobi. Joy Adamson, the author of Born Free, lived on the shores of the lake in the mid-1960s.

141_29

On the shores of the lake is Oserian ("Djinn Palace"), which gained notoriety in the Happy Valley

141_30

days between the two world wars. It now forms part of the Oserian flower farm. In 1999, the Lake

141_31

Naivasha Riparian Association received the Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award for its conservation

141_32

efforts regarding the Lake Naivasha Ramsar site.

141_33

Agriculture and Industry

141_34

Floriculture forms the main industry around the lake. However, the largely unregulated use of lake