manu/mldr-zoomed-100char-total-queries-documents

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53_190	References Online version at Google books Online version at Google Books
53_191	Online version at Google books Online version at Google Books
53_192	Online version at Google books Online version at Google Books Online version at Google Books
53_193	Online version at Google Books Online version at Google Books
53_194	Further reading
53_195	Alain Le Pichon, China Trade and Empire: Jardine, Matheson & Co. and the Origins of British Rule
53_196	in Hong Kong, 1827–1843 (Oxford; New York: Published for The British Academy by Oxford University
53_197	Press, 2006).
53_198	External links
53_199	Official website Official Jardine Motors Group website
53_200	Official Jardine Shipping Services website 437.Jardine Matheson/Fortune Global 500
53_201	History of Hong Kong British Hong Kong Companies established in 1832
53_202	Trading companies of Hong Kong Offshore companies in Bermuda Conglomerate companies of Hong Kong
53_203	Retail companies of Hong Kong Companies formerly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
53_204	Former companies in the Hang Seng Index Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
53_205	Companies listed on the Singapore Exchange 1832 establishments in the British Empire
53_206	Companies of Bermuda History of Guangzhou
54_0	Aisha Khalid (born 1972 in Lahore, Pakistan) is a female contemporary visual artist, working with
54_1	miniature painting, textiles, video and site specific installations in architectural spaces.
54_2	Khalid is one of a generation of artists from Pakistan who have transformed the tradition of
54_3	miniature painting into an internationally celebrated form of contemporary art. In recent years,
54_4	Khalid’s practice has extended to significantly larger paintings, murals and installations. She is
54_5	a member of what has come to be called the Pakistani 'neo-miniature' school.
54_6	Biography
54_7	Khalid graduated from the National College of Arts, Lahore in 1993 and completed her post-graduate
54_8	degree Fine Art degree from Rijksakademie, Amsterdam in 2003. Khalid was schooled in classical
54_9	miniature painting and has become a leading figure in developing the contemporary miniature.
54_10	She has described her two-year fellowship at the Rijksakademie as a real learning experience, due
54_11	to the culture shocks she encountered. She has described how the reaction from audiences in
54_12	Amsterdam to her miniatures differed compared to reactions in Pakistan: My miniatures were
54_13	considered beautiful and exotic but beyond that the viewers could not read anything significant in
54_14	them. They would ask me, is it about religion, ethnicity or typical oriental traditions? It was
54_15	surprising to discover the difference in perception, in Pakistan my miniature was labeled as
54_16	unconventional and modern while western audiences considered them archaic.As a result, her
54_17	experience in Amsterdam led her to change her style and adopt more contemporary mediums to make her
54_18	work more accessible to her hosts.
54_19	Work
54_20	Khalid works with paintings, murals, video, installations, and textile works. She was initially
54_21	trained as a traditional miniaturist, and is known for reviving old techniques in contemporary
54_22	ways.
54_23	Themes
54_24	Many of Khalid's works deal with the theme of gender. Her work has been described as having a
54_25	'feminine sensibility', coming partly from references to traditionally feminine crafts such as
54_26	textiles and needlework. This comes both from her use of textiles in her work, but also from her
54_27	focus on repeated geometric patterns, taken from traditional Islamic patterns, combined with floral
54_28	motifs.
54_29	In keeping with the theme of gender, she has also made repeated use of the theme of the covered or
54_30	uncovered female figure, using motifs such as curtains, burqas, and flowers. This theme took on a
54_31	new dimension after her fellowship at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam, where she encountered
54_32	familiar patterns of male dominance and female submissiveness, but with new dimensions. Her flower
54_33	and curtain symbols took on new meanings: the red-light district, for example, had different types
54_34	of curtains, drawn to indicate the conduct of business.
54_35	After 9/11, a new political dimension appeared in her work. Conversation, for example, is a video
54_36	installation made during Khalid's time at the Rijksakademie. The work was about her response to the
54_37	violence inflicted on Afghanistan in the name of counter-terrorism. Throughout the work, a rose is
54_38	slowly embroidered by a brown-skinned hand, while at the same time another rose is unpicked,
54_39	removed, and subsequently erased by a white hand using a needle.
54_40	Awards
54_41	Khalid received the Alice Award (artist book category) in 2012, and was a finalist for the Jameel
54_42	Art Prize in 2011, winning the People’s Choice Award in 2011. She is among a handful of Pakistani
54_43	artists who have had solo shows of their work, including 'Two worlds as one' Statens Museum for
54_44	Kunst, Copenhagen (2016); Garden of ideas, Aga Khan Museum, Toronto (2014); Larger Than Life,
54_45	Whitworth Art Gallery, United Kingdom (2012); Larger Than Life, Corvi-Mora, London (2012); Pattern
54_46	to Follow, Chawkandi Art, Karachi (2010); Conversations, Pump House Gallery, London (2008). She
54_47	participated at the 2009 Venice Biennale, the 2011 Sharjah Biennial and 2013 Moscow Biennale.
54_48	Books & Articles
54_49	Book: Aisha Khalid: The Divine is in the Detail (artist monograph, catalog), Gallery Isabelle van
54_50	den Eynde, Dubai, 2013
54_51	Book: Aisha Khalid: Larger than Life (artist monograph, catalog), Whitworth Art Gallery, The
54_52	University of Manchester, Manchester, 2012
54_53	Book: Aisha Khalid: Pattern to Follow (artist monograph, catalog), Gandhara-art, Hong Kong, 2010
54_54	Book: Aisha Khalid: Name, Class, Subject (artist book, artist monograph) Raking Leaves, Colombo,
54_55	2009
54_56	Book: Portraits & Vortexes: Aisha Khalid (artist monograph, catalog), Gandhara-art, Hong Kong,
54_57	2007
54_58	Book: Aisha Khalid: Tales Carried by the Breath (artist monograph, catalog), Anant Art Gallery,
54_59	New Delhi, 2006
54_60	Book: Aisha Khalid 2001-2002 (artist monograph), 2002
54_61	Book: The Eye Still Seeks: Pakistani Contemporary Art (anthology) Penguin Books India, 2015
54_62	Book: Colour and Line: The Naqvi Collection (catalog) 2015
54_63	Book: Art and Polemic in Pakistan: Cultural Politics and Tradition in Contemporary Miniature
54_64	Painting (monograph) Tauris Academic Studies, London, 2010
54_65	Book: Journeys of the Spirit: Pakistan Art in the New Millennium (monograph) FOMMA, Karachi, 2008
54_66	Book: Memory, Metaphor, Mutations: Contemporary Art of India and Pakistan (monograph) Oxford
54_67	University Press, New Delhi, 2007
54_68	Book: Vasl 2005-2006 (anthology) Vasl International Artists’ Workshop, Karachi, 2006
54_69	Book: Asian Art Newspaper (Vol. 8, Issue 3; Jan 2005) (magazine), Asian Art Newspaper, London,
54_70	2005
54_71	Book: Art Tomorrow (monograph) Marc Parent/Terrail, Paris, 2002
54_72	Book: Unveiling the Visible: Lives and Works of Women Artists of Pakistan (monograph), Sang-e-Meel
54_73	Publication, Lahore, 2001
54_74	Article: "Reinventing Tradition" by Rachel Duffell, Kee Magazine, 2010
54_75	Article: "Reading Through the Lense of the Political: Contemporary Art in Pakistan", Asia Art
54_76	Archive, Sep 2009
54_77	Article: Pakistan's Contemporary Painting Workshop, HK, Quintessentially: Insider, 2007
54_78	References
54_79	External links https://facebook.com/aishakhalid72/
54_80	https://www.summeracademy.at/en/a-short-interview-with-aisha-khalid/
54_81	https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/art/aisha-khalid-is-up-for-the-challenge-1.369575
54_82	20th-century Pakistani artists 21st-century Pakistani artists 1972 births Living people

53_190

References Online version at Google books Online version at Google Books

53_191

Online version at Google books Online version at Google Books

53_192

Online version at Google books Online version at Google Books Online version at Google Books

53_193

Online version at Google Books Online version at Google Books

53_194

Further reading

53_195

Alain Le Pichon, China Trade and Empire: Jardine, Matheson & Co. and the Origins of British Rule

53_196

in Hong Kong, 1827–1843 (Oxford; New York: Published for The British Academy by Oxford University

53_197

Press, 2006).

53_198

External links

53_199

Official website Official Jardine Motors Group website

53_200

Official Jardine Shipping Services website 437.Jardine Matheson/Fortune Global 500

53_201

History of Hong Kong British Hong Kong Companies established in 1832

53_202

Trading companies of Hong Kong Offshore companies in Bermuda Conglomerate companies of Hong Kong

53_203

Retail companies of Hong Kong Companies formerly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange

53_204

Former companies in the Hang Seng Index Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange

53_205

Companies listed on the Singapore Exchange 1832 establishments in the British Empire

53_206

Companies of Bermuda History of Guangzhou

54_0

Aisha Khalid (born 1972 in Lahore, Pakistan) is a female contemporary visual artist, working with

54_1

miniature painting, textiles, video and site specific installations in architectural spaces.

54_2

Khalid is one of a generation of artists from Pakistan who have transformed the tradition of

54_3

miniature painting into an internationally celebrated form of contemporary art. In recent years,

54_4

Khalid’s practice has extended to significantly larger paintings, murals and installations. She is

54_5

a member of what has come to be called the Pakistani 'neo-miniature' school.

54_6

Biography

54_7

Khalid graduated from the National College of Arts, Lahore in 1993 and completed her post-graduate

54_8

degree Fine Art degree from Rijksakademie, Amsterdam in 2003. Khalid was schooled in classical

54_9

miniature painting and has become a leading figure in developing the contemporary miniature.

54_10

She has described her two-year fellowship at the Rijksakademie as a real learning experience, due

54_11

to the culture shocks she encountered. She has described how the reaction from audiences in

54_12

Amsterdam to her miniatures differed compared to reactions in Pakistan: My miniatures were

54_13

considered beautiful and exotic but beyond that the viewers could not read anything significant in

54_14

them. They would ask me, is it about religion, ethnicity or typical oriental traditions? It was

54_15

surprising to discover the difference in perception, in Pakistan my miniature was labeled as

54_16

unconventional and modern while western audiences considered them archaic.As a result, her

54_17

experience in Amsterdam led her to change her style and adopt more contemporary mediums to make her

54_18

work more accessible to her hosts.

54_19

Work

54_20

Khalid works with paintings, murals, video, installations, and textile works. She was initially

54_21

trained as a traditional miniaturist, and is known for reviving old techniques in contemporary

54_22

ways.

54_23

Themes

54_24

Many of Khalid's works deal with the theme of gender. Her work has been described as having a

54_25

'feminine sensibility', coming partly from references to traditionally feminine crafts such as

54_26

textiles and needlework. This comes both from her use of textiles in her work, but also from her

54_27

focus on repeated geometric patterns, taken from traditional Islamic patterns, combined with floral

54_28

motifs.

54_29

In keeping with the theme of gender, she has also made repeated use of the theme of the covered or

54_30

uncovered female figure, using motifs such as curtains, burqas, and flowers. This theme took on a

54_31

new dimension after her fellowship at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam, where she encountered

54_32

familiar patterns of male dominance and female submissiveness, but with new dimensions. Her flower

54_33

and curtain symbols took on new meanings: the red-light district, for example, had different types

54_34

of curtains, drawn to indicate the conduct of business.

54_35

After 9/11, a new political dimension appeared in her work. Conversation, for example, is a video

54_36

installation made during Khalid's time at the Rijksakademie. The work was about her response to the

54_37

violence inflicted on Afghanistan in the name of counter-terrorism. Throughout the work, a rose is

54_38

slowly embroidered by a brown-skinned hand, while at the same time another rose is unpicked,

54_39

removed, and subsequently erased by a white hand using a needle.

54_40

Awards

54_41

Khalid received the Alice Award (artist book category) in 2012, and was a finalist for the Jameel

54_42

Art Prize in 2011, winning the People’s Choice Award in 2011. She is among a handful of Pakistani

54_43

artists who have had solo shows of their work, including 'Two worlds as one' Statens Museum for

54_44

Kunst, Copenhagen (2016); Garden of ideas, Aga Khan Museum, Toronto (2014); Larger Than Life,

54_45

Whitworth Art Gallery, United Kingdom (2012); Larger Than Life, Corvi-Mora, London (2012); Pattern

54_46

to Follow, Chawkandi Art, Karachi (2010); Conversations, Pump House Gallery, London (2008). She

54_47

participated at the 2009 Venice Biennale, the 2011 Sharjah Biennial and 2013 Moscow Biennale.

54_48

Books & Articles

54_49

Book: Aisha Khalid: The Divine is in the Detail (artist monograph, catalog), Gallery Isabelle van

54_50

den Eynde, Dubai, 2013

54_51

Book: Aisha Khalid: Larger than Life (artist monograph, catalog), Whitworth Art Gallery, The

54_52

University of Manchester, Manchester, 2012

54_53

Book: Aisha Khalid: Pattern to Follow (artist monograph, catalog), Gandhara-art, Hong Kong, 2010

54_54

Book: Aisha Khalid: Name, Class, Subject (artist book, artist monograph) Raking Leaves, Colombo,

54_55

2009

54_56

Book: Portraits & Vortexes: Aisha Khalid (artist monograph, catalog), Gandhara-art, Hong Kong,

54_57

2007

54_58

Book: Aisha Khalid: Tales Carried by the Breath (artist monograph, catalog), Anant Art Gallery,

54_59

New Delhi, 2006

54_60

Book: Aisha Khalid 2001-2002 (artist monograph), 2002

54_61

Book: The Eye Still Seeks: Pakistani Contemporary Art (anthology) Penguin Books India, 2015

54_62

Book: Colour and Line: The Naqvi Collection (catalog) 2015

54_63

Book: Art and Polemic in Pakistan: Cultural Politics and Tradition in Contemporary Miniature

54_64

Painting (monograph) Tauris Academic Studies, London, 2010

54_65

Book: Journeys of the Spirit: Pakistan Art in the New Millennium (monograph) FOMMA, Karachi, 2008

54_66

Book: Memory, Metaphor, Mutations: Contemporary Art of India and Pakistan (monograph) Oxford

54_67

University Press, New Delhi, 2007

54_68

Book: Vasl 2005-2006 (anthology) Vasl International Artists’ Workshop, Karachi, 2006

54_69

Book: Asian Art Newspaper (Vol. 8, Issue 3; Jan 2005) (magazine), Asian Art Newspaper, London,

54_70

2005

54_71

Book: Art Tomorrow (monograph) Marc Parent/Terrail, Paris, 2002

54_72

Book: Unveiling the Visible: Lives and Works of Women Artists of Pakistan (monograph), Sang-e-Meel

54_73

Publication, Lahore, 2001

54_74

Article: "Reinventing Tradition" by Rachel Duffell, Kee Magazine, 2010

54_75

Article: "Reading Through the Lense of the Political: Contemporary Art in Pakistan", Asia Art

54_76

Archive, Sep 2009

54_77

Article: Pakistan's Contemporary Painting Workshop, HK, Quintessentially: Insider, 2007

54_78

References

54_79

External links https://facebook.com/aishakhalid72/

54_80

https://www.summeracademy.at/en/a-short-interview-with-aisha-khalid/

54_81

https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/art/aisha-khalid-is-up-for-the-challenge-1.369575

54_82

20th-century Pakistani artists 21st-century Pakistani artists 1972 births Living people