id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
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stringclasses 3
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stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
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int64 1
7
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,687 |
['When either black tea contains similar phytochemicals or resistance can develop against all anti-HIV drugs and drugs to treat opportunistic infections is true, it follows that autism is a neurological disorder.', "The notion that 'accountants usually measure, based on allocation routines, the total cost of each product' is untrue.", 'We know that either some bark is part of carrots or clean water is an important component in eating well.', 'Provided that some bark is part of carrots, we know that either accountants usually measure, based on allocation routines, the total cost of each product or either black tea contains similar phytochemicals or resistance can develop against all anti-HIV drugs and drugs to treat opportunistic infections.', "So long as clean water is an important component in eating well, 'either accountants usually measure, based on allocation routines, the total cost of each product or either black tea contains similar phytochemicals or resistance can develop against all anti-HIV drugs and drugs to treat opportunistic infections' is true."]
|
When either black tea contains similar phytochemicals or resistance can develop against all anti-HIV drugs and drugs to treat opportunistic infections is true, it follows that autism is a neurological disorder. The notion that 'accountants usually measure, based on allocation routines, the total cost of each product' is untrue. We know that either some bark is part of carrots or clean water is an important component in eating well. Provided that some bark is part of carrots, we know that either accountants usually measure, based on allocation routines, the total cost of each product or either black tea contains similar phytochemicals or resistance can develop against all anti-HIV drugs and drugs to treat opportunistic infections. So long as clean water is an important component in eating well, 'either accountants usually measure, based on allocation routines, the total cost of each product or either black tea contains similar phytochemicals or resistance can develop against all anti-HIV drugs and drugs to treat opportunistic infections' is true.
|
The statement 'autism is a neurological disorder' is true.
|
Autism is a brain disorder that affects physical, social and language skills.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-2]
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].).).
If [5], then (Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Autism is a neurological disorder.', 1: 'Black tea contains similar phytochemicals.', 2: 'Resistance can develop against all anti-HIV drugs and drugs to treat opportunistic infections.', 3: 'Accountants usually measure, based on allocation routines, the total cost of each product.', 4: 'Some bark is part of carrots.', 5: 'Clean water is an important component in eating well.'}
| 3 |
2,500 |
["One may reasonably assume that if the statement that 'cortisol exerts a number of metabolic effects' is incorrect, then retrievers are dogs.", "So long as retrievers are dogs, 'biology teaches that relationships between living entities are circular and interactive' is true.", "So long as biology teaches that relationships between living entities are circular and interactive, 'men acquire health' is true.", 'We know that the claim that men acquire health is false.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if the statement that 'cortisol exerts a number of metabolic effects' is incorrect, then retrievers are dogs. So long as retrievers are dogs, 'biology teaches that relationships between living entities are circular and interactive' is true. So long as biology teaches that relationships between living entities are circular and interactive, 'men acquire health' is true. We know that the claim that men acquire health is false.
|
The statement 'cortisol exerts a number of metabolic effects' is true.
|
Cortisol helps to feed and maintain the body's inflammation response mechanisms.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Cortisol exerts a number of metabolic effects.', 1: 'Retrievers are dogs.', 2: 'Biology teaches that relationships between living entities are circular and interactive.', 3: 'Men acquire health.'}
| 3 |
2,332 |
["So long as either clover mites can become active at temperatures slightly above freezing or passive smoking is also a recognised factor in lowering the birth weight of babies, 'if the notion that 'ants sleep frequently and are often quite lazy' is untrue, then television is a mass medium, but there are many other kinds of mass media' is true.", 'We know that either clover mites can become active at temperatures slightly above freezing or passive smoking is also a recognised factor in lowering the birth weight of babies.', 'At least one of two things is true: european starlings take most of their food from on or just below the ground surface, or the claim that television is a mass medium, but there are many other kinds of mass media does not correspond with reality.', 'The statement, european starlings take most of their food from on or just below the ground surface, does not hold.']
|
So long as either clover mites can become active at temperatures slightly above freezing or passive smoking is also a recognised factor in lowering the birth weight of babies, 'if the notion that 'ants sleep frequently and are often quite lazy' is untrue, then television is a mass medium, but there are many other kinds of mass media' is true. We know that either clover mites can become active at temperatures slightly above freezing or passive smoking is also a recognised factor in lowering the birth weight of babies. At least one of two things is true: european starlings take most of their food from on or just below the ground surface, or the claim that television is a mass medium, but there are many other kinds of mass media does not correspond with reality. The statement, european starlings take most of their food from on or just below the ground surface, does not hold.
|
It is reasonable to believe that ants sleep frequently and are often quite lazy.
|
The statement that states ants sleep frequently and are often quite lazy is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Either [3] or [4].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Ants sleep frequently and are often quite lazy.', 1: 'Television is a mass medium, but there are many other kinds of mass media.', 2: 'European starlings take most of their food from on or just below the ground surface.', 3: 'Clover mites can become active at temperatures slightly above freezing.', 4: 'Passive smoking is also a recognised factor in lowering the birth weight of babies.'}
| 3 |
2,979 |
["Whenever it is true that some people mistakenly believe that water flows from areas where the water table is higher to areas where it is lower, 'the statement that 'probate is a legal process for managing estates of decedents and disabled persons' is incorrect' is true.", 'The claim that either some women tend to suffer thrush every month just before their period or finger is a program that gets information about users of a host computer has no merit.', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that if the statement that states if some people mistakenly believe that water flows from areas where the water table is higher to areas where it is lower, then probate is a legal process for managing estates of decedents and disabled persons is false, then either some women tend to suffer thrush every month just before their period or finger is a program that gets information about users of a host computer, then if stimulation is important for brain development, then alligators have no known predators, except man.', "The statement that 'if stimulation is important for brain development, then alligators have no known predators, except man' is incorrect."]
|
Whenever it is true that some people mistakenly believe that water flows from areas where the water table is higher to areas where it is lower, 'the statement that 'probate is a legal process for managing estates of decedents and disabled persons' is incorrect' is true. The claim that either some women tend to suffer thrush every month just before their period or finger is a program that gets information about users of a host computer has no merit. One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that if the statement that states if some people mistakenly believe that water flows from areas where the water table is higher to areas where it is lower, then probate is a legal process for managing estates of decedents and disabled persons is false, then either some women tend to suffer thrush every month just before their period or finger is a program that gets information about users of a host computer, then if stimulation is important for brain development, then alligators have no known predators, except man. The statement that 'if stimulation is important for brain development, then alligators have no known predators, except man' is incorrect.
|
water flows from areas where the water table is higher to areas where it is lower.
|
Water increases forces.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-2]
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).).), then (If [4], then [5].).
Not (If [4], then [5].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Water flows from areas where the water table is higher to areas where it is lower.', 1: 'Probate is a legal process for managing estates of decedents and disabled persons.', 2: 'Some women tend to suffer thrush every month just before their period.', 3: 'Finger is a program that gets information about users of a host computer.', 4: 'Stimulation is important for brain development.', 5: 'Alligators have no known predators, except man.'}
| 3 |
2,817 |
['Once we know cancer is a disease of abnormal gene function, we also know that if if most hurricanes die a quick death when they move inland because of the lack of moisture, then cigarettes have poison, then some woodlouses eat shed skin.', 'The statement that states cancer is a disease of abnormal gene function is right.', 'Assuming most hurricanes die a quick death when they move inland because of the lack of moisture, we know that dandelions adapt to environments.', 'Once we know dandelions adapt to environments, we also know that cigarettes have poison.']
|
Once we know cancer is a disease of abnormal gene function, we also know that if if most hurricanes die a quick death when they move inland because of the lack of moisture, then cigarettes have poison, then some woodlouses eat shed skin. The statement that states cancer is a disease of abnormal gene function is right. Assuming most hurricanes die a quick death when they move inland because of the lack of moisture, we know that dandelions adapt to environments. Once we know dandelions adapt to environments, we also know that cigarettes have poison.
|
The statement that states some woodlouses eat shed skin is right.
|
Woodlouses have (part) shells.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].).
[4]
Therefore, If (If [1], then [2].), then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [3].
If [3], then [2].
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Some woodlouses eat shed skin.', 1: 'Most hurricanes die a quick death when they move inland because of the lack of moisture.', 2: 'Cigarettes have poison.', 3: 'Dandelions adapt to environments.', 4: 'Cancer is a disease of abnormal gene function.'}
| 3 |
2,620 |
['There is good reason to believe that either adders have (part) pedal extremities or if globulins are in seeds and animal blood, then bears are notorious for getting into coolers at night.', 'It is not the case that adders have (part) pedal extremities.', 'It is a fact that either plants are genetically variable and highly plastic depending on environmental conditions or globulins are in seeds and animal blood.', 'The statement that states plants are genetically variable and highly plastic depending on environmental conditions is false.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either adders have (part) pedal extremities or if globulins are in seeds and animal blood, then bears are notorious for getting into coolers at night. It is not the case that adders have (part) pedal extremities. It is a fact that either plants are genetically variable and highly plastic depending on environmental conditions or globulins are in seeds and animal blood. The statement that states plants are genetically variable and highly plastic depending on environmental conditions is false.
|
The statement 'bears are notorious for getting into coolers at night' can be considered true.
|
A bear is a carnivore.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or [1].
Not [3].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Bears are notorious for getting into coolers at night.', 1: 'Globulins are in seeds and animal blood.', 2: 'Adders have (part) pedal extremities.', 3: 'Plants are genetically variable and highly plastic depending on environmental conditions.'}
| 3 |
2,814 |
['Should it be the case that most colon cancers begin as polyps, it follows that either macaques are a model organism for studying neurology or vitamins offer benefits.', "The statement 'most colon cancers begin as polyps' is true.", 'Provided that macaques are a model organism for studying neurology, we know that desert animals have organs.', "The notion that 'desert animals have organs' is untrue."]
|
Should it be the case that most colon cancers begin as polyps, it follows that either macaques are a model organism for studying neurology or vitamins offer benefits. The statement 'most colon cancers begin as polyps' is true. Provided that macaques are a model organism for studying neurology, we know that desert animals have organs. The notion that 'desert animals have organs' is untrue.
|
The statement 'vitamins offer benefits' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'vitamins offer benefits' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Either [1] or [0].).
[3]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Vitamins offer benefits.', 1: 'Macaques are a model organism for studying neurology.', 2: 'Desert animals have organs.', 3: 'Most colon cancers begin as polyps.'}
| 3 |
2,516 |
['If either cars pollute the air and cause traffic jams or higher levels cause young plant tissues to dry out and die, then insect outbreaks are a natural, major, recurring disturbance in the northern forest.', 'At least one of two things is true: wolves feed on large animals such as moose, deer, elk, caribou, bison, and musk oxen, or either some cages consist of branches or either cars pollute the air and cause traffic jams or higher levels cause young plant tissues to dry out and die.', 'The claim that wolves feed on large animals such as moose, deer, elk, caribou, bison, and musk oxen does not reflect reality.', 'There is good reason to believe that either striped bass tolerate both salt and fresh water or if most birds take short naps during the day, as well, then water is drawn into a thick layer of coarse material which traps large debris from pond water.', 'Should it be the case that striped bass tolerate both salt and fresh water, it follows that if some cages consist of branches, then insect outbreaks are a natural, major, recurring disturbance in the northern forest.', 'Provided that if most birds take short naps during the day, as well, then water is drawn into a thick layer of coarse material which traps large debris from pond water, we know that if some cages consist of branches, then insect outbreaks are a natural, major, recurring disturbance in the northern forest.']
|
If either cars pollute the air and cause traffic jams or higher levels cause young plant tissues to dry out and die, then insect outbreaks are a natural, major, recurring disturbance in the northern forest. At least one of two things is true: wolves feed on large animals such as moose, deer, elk, caribou, bison, and musk oxen, or either some cages consist of branches or either cars pollute the air and cause traffic jams or higher levels cause young plant tissues to dry out and die. The claim that wolves feed on large animals such as moose, deer, elk, caribou, bison, and musk oxen does not reflect reality. There is good reason to believe that either striped bass tolerate both salt and fresh water or if most birds take short naps during the day, as well, then water is drawn into a thick layer of coarse material which traps large debris from pond water. Should it be the case that striped bass tolerate both salt and fresh water, it follows that if some cages consist of branches, then insect outbreaks are a natural, major, recurring disturbance in the northern forest. Provided that if most birds take short naps during the day, as well, then water is drawn into a thick layer of coarse material which traps large debris from pond water, we know that if some cages consist of branches, then insect outbreaks are a natural, major, recurring disturbance in the northern forest.
|
It is reasonable to believe that insect outbreaks are a natural, major, recurring disturbance in the northern forest.
|
Some insect outbreaks result in mortality.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [7] or (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).
Not [7].
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (If [5], then [6].).
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).
If (If [5], then [6].), then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Insect outbreaks are a natural, major, recurring disturbance in the northern forest.', 1: 'Some cages consist of branches.', 2: 'Cars pollute the air and cause traffic jams.', 3: 'Higher levels cause young plant tissues to dry out and die.', 4: 'Striped bass tolerate both salt and fresh water.', 5: 'Most birds take short naps during the day, as well.', 6: 'Water is drawn into a thick layer of coarse material which traps large debris from pond water.', 7: 'Wolves feed on large animals such as moose, deer, elk, caribou, bison, and musk oxen.'}
| 3 |
2,518 |
["Should it be the case that philosophers accept theories, it follows that chess is one of the world's classic games.", "So long as chess is one of the world's classic games, 'anabolic steroids help send the amino acids back to the muscles' is true.", "Once we know the statement that 'philosophers accept theories' is incorrect, we also know that mixed number is also common with collective nouns like group , team or couple .", "One may reasonably assume that if the statement that 'philosophers accept theories' is incorrect, then it is not the case that mixed number is also common with collective nouns like group , team or couple ."]
|
Should it be the case that philosophers accept theories, it follows that chess is one of the world's classic games. So long as chess is one of the world's classic games, 'anabolic steroids help send the amino acids back to the muscles' is true. Once we know the statement that 'philosophers accept theories' is incorrect, we also know that mixed number is also common with collective nouns like group , team or couple . One may reasonably assume that if the statement that 'philosophers accept theories' is incorrect, then it is not the case that mixed number is also common with collective nouns like group , team or couple .
|
Those that suggest anabolic steroids help send the amino acids back to the muscles are right.
|
Anabolic steroids are similar to, and include, the male hormone, testosterone.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [3].
If (Not [1].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Anabolic steroids help send the amino acids back to the muscles.', 1: 'Philosophers accept theories.', 2: "Chess is one of the world's classic games.", 3: 'Mixed number is also common with collective nouns like group , team or couple .'}
| 3 |
2,940 |
['headsets also offer relief for tired neck and shoulder muscles so often used to cradle a telephone.', 'When headsets also offer relief for tired neck and shoulder muscles so often used to cradle a telephone is true, it follows that a blind corner is a corner.', 'One may reasonably assume that if if most mastodons have legs, then deer make urine, then if a blind corner is a corner, then web communication encourages development of technology, publishing and journalism skills.', "Whenever it is true that most mastodons have legs, 'deer make urine' is true."]
|
headsets also offer relief for tired neck and shoulder muscles so often used to cradle a telephone. When headsets also offer relief for tired neck and shoulder muscles so often used to cradle a telephone is true, it follows that a blind corner is a corner. One may reasonably assume that if if most mastodons have legs, then deer make urine, then if a blind corner is a corner, then web communication encourages development of technology, publishing and journalism skills. Whenever it is true that most mastodons have legs, 'deer make urine' is true.
|
It is fair to say that web communication encourages development of technology, publishing and journalism skills.
|
It is fair to say that web communication encourages development of technology, publishing and journalism skills.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2].
If [2], then [0]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If [2], then [0].).
If [3], then [4].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Web communication encourages development of technology, publishing and journalism skills.', 1: 'Headsets also offer relief for tired neck and shoulder muscles so often used to cradle a telephone.', 2: 'A blind corner is a corner.', 3: 'Most mastodons have legs.', 4: 'Deer make urine.'}
| 3 |
2,113 |
['Either thick nail can case pain and functional limitation especially when compressed by shoes or if women take more physical risks than men, then dormancy is initiated only after the onset of unfavorable seasonal growing condition.', "The statement 'thick nail can case pain and functional limitation especially when compressed by shoes' can be considered false.", 'Provided that the claim that if dormancy is initiated only after the onset of unfavorable seasonal growing condition, then planning is the way in which a teacher plans for, adjusts, and follows up on instruction is false, we know that genetic counseling translates scientific knowledge into practical information.', 'Given that the claim that if dormancy is initiated only after the onset of unfavorable seasonal growing condition, then planning is the way in which a teacher plans for, adjusts, and follows up on instruction is false, it can be inferred that the statement, genetic counseling translates scientific knowledge into practical information, does not hold.']
|
Either thick nail can case pain and functional limitation especially when compressed by shoes or if women take more physical risks than men, then dormancy is initiated only after the onset of unfavorable seasonal growing condition. The statement 'thick nail can case pain and functional limitation especially when compressed by shoes' can be considered false. Provided that the claim that if dormancy is initiated only after the onset of unfavorable seasonal growing condition, then planning is the way in which a teacher plans for, adjusts, and follows up on instruction is false, we know that genetic counseling translates scientific knowledge into practical information. Given that the claim that if dormancy is initiated only after the onset of unfavorable seasonal growing condition, then planning is the way in which a teacher plans for, adjusts, and follows up on instruction is false, it can be inferred that the statement, genetic counseling translates scientific knowledge into practical information, does not hold.
|
Given that women take more physical risks than men, it can be inferred that planning is the way in which a teacher plans for, adjusts, and follows up on instruction.
|
The claim that if women take more physical risks than men, then planning is the way in which a teacher plans for, adjusts, and follows up on instruction does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [0], then [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [0], then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then [1].).), then [4].
If (Not (If [2], then [1].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Women take more physical risks than men.', 1: 'Planning is the way in which a teacher plans for, adjusts, and follows up on instruction.', 2: 'Dormancy is initiated only after the onset of unfavorable seasonal growing condition.', 3: 'Thick nail can case pain and functional limitation especially when compressed by shoes.', 4: 'Genetic counseling translates scientific knowledge into practical information.'}
| 3 |
2,612 |
['It is not true that masters are human being.', 'The claim that most people take soil samples in spring, just before applying fertilizer does not reflect reality.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: either bulls usually live in bachelor groups or alone or science involves building and sharing knowledge, or people have awareness.', "Whenever it is true that either bulls usually live in bachelor groups or alone or science involves building and sharing knowledge, 'if the claim that either masters are human being or some sexual organs have hooks does not correspond with reality, then most people take soil samples in spring, just before applying fertilizer' is true.", 'Should it be the case that people have awareness, it follows that if the claim that either masters are human being or some sexual organs have hooks does not correspond with reality, then most people take soil samples in spring, just before applying fertilizer.']
|
It is not true that masters are human being. The claim that most people take soil samples in spring, just before applying fertilizer does not reflect reality. We know that at least one of two things is true: either bulls usually live in bachelor groups or alone or science involves building and sharing knowledge, or people have awareness. Whenever it is true that either bulls usually live in bachelor groups or alone or science involves building and sharing knowledge, 'if the claim that either masters are human being or some sexual organs have hooks does not correspond with reality, then most people take soil samples in spring, just before applying fertilizer' is true. Should it be the case that people have awareness, it follows that if the claim that either masters are human being or some sexual organs have hooks does not correspond with reality, then most people take soil samples in spring, just before applying fertilizer.
|
Many people rightly believe that some sexual organs have hooks.
|
The statement that states some sexual organs have hooks is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].).
If [5], then (If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Some sexual organs have hooks.', 1: 'Masters are human being.', 2: 'Most people take soil samples in spring, just before applying fertilizer.', 3: 'Bulls usually live in bachelor groups or alone.', 4: 'Science involves building and sharing knowledge.', 5: 'People have awareness.'}
| 3 |
2,037 |
['Given that historians find information, it can be inferred that if deer occur within regions, then either facilitation is characterized by interactive participation among all individuals or chamber music is intended for a small group of performers, with one player to a part.', "The statement 'historians find information' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: health care is a community resource for both prevention and treatment, or some flowers are dependent upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species.', 'One may reasonably assume that if health care is a community resource for both prevention and treatment, then deer occur within regions.', "Whenever it is true that some flowers are dependent upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species, 'deer occur within regions' is true."]
|
Given that historians find information, it can be inferred that if deer occur within regions, then either facilitation is characterized by interactive participation among all individuals or chamber music is intended for a small group of performers, with one player to a part. The statement 'historians find information' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: health care is a community resource for both prevention and treatment, or some flowers are dependent upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species. One may reasonably assume that if health care is a community resource for both prevention and treatment, then deer occur within regions. Whenever it is true that some flowers are dependent upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species, 'deer occur within regions' is true.
|
It is a fact that either facilitation is characterized by interactive participation among all individuals or chamber music is intended for a small group of performers, with one player to a part.
|
It is a fact that either facilitation is characterized by interactive participation among all individuals or chamber music is intended for a small group of performers, with one player to a part.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
[3]
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then [2].
If [5], then [2].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Facilitation is characterized by interactive participation among all individuals.', 1: 'Chamber music is intended for a small group of performers, with one player to a part.', 2: 'Deer occur within regions.', 3: 'Historians find information.', 4: 'Health care is a community resource for both prevention and treatment.', 5: 'Some flowers are dependent upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species.'}
| 3 |
2,894 |
['Should it be the case that arteries used in bypasses remain open longer than veins, it follows that hermits have (part) vacuoles.', 'The statement, most chinchillas live in environments, does not hold.', 'It is a fact that either if adults have hemoglobins, then plants fail to flower for several reasons or small snacks provide energy.', 'Assuming if adults have hemoglobins, then plants fail to flower for several reasons, we know that most chinchillas live in environments.', 'Assuming small snacks provide energy, we know that arteries used in bypasses remain open longer than veins.']
|
Should it be the case that arteries used in bypasses remain open longer than veins, it follows that hermits have (part) vacuoles. The statement, most chinchillas live in environments, does not hold. It is a fact that either if adults have hemoglobins, then plants fail to flower for several reasons or small snacks provide energy. Assuming if adults have hemoglobins, then plants fail to flower for several reasons, we know that most chinchillas live in environments. Assuming small snacks provide energy, we know that arteries used in bypasses remain open longer than veins.
|
hermits have (part) vacuoles.
|
Hermits have (part) vacuoles.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].
If (If [3], then [4].), then [2].
If [5], then [1].
Therefore, Either [2] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Hermits have (part) vacuoles.', 1: 'Arteries used in bypasses remain open longer than veins.', 2: 'Most chinchillas live in environments.', 3: 'Adults have hemoglobins.', 4: 'Plants fail to flower for several reasons.', 5: 'Small snacks provide energy.'}
| 3 |
2,895 |
['It is a fact that either debt securities are bonds, debentures, certificates of deposit and treasury bills or stress can have many effects on the body and mind.', 'On the condition that debt securities are bonds, debentures, certificates of deposit and treasury bills, it is definitely the case that cathedrals have (part) interior doors.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: kids participate in activities, or the statement that states cathedrals have (part) interior doors is false.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that kids participate in activities.']
|
It is a fact that either debt securities are bonds, debentures, certificates of deposit and treasury bills or stress can have many effects on the body and mind. On the condition that debt securities are bonds, debentures, certificates of deposit and treasury bills, it is definitely the case that cathedrals have (part) interior doors. We know that at least one of two things is true: kids participate in activities, or the statement that states cathedrals have (part) interior doors is false. Some people mistakenly believe that kids participate in activities.
|
It is fair to say that stress can have many effects on the body and mind.
|
Stress is the usual cause of an anole turning brown.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Not [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Stress can have many effects on the body and mind.', 1: 'Debt securities are bonds, debentures, certificates of deposit and treasury bills.', 2: 'Cathedrals have (part) interior doors.', 3: 'Kids participate in activities.'}
| 3 |
2,992 |
["So long as the notion that 'if either standard deviation is the square-root of the variance or rejection is the single greatest pain any human being experiences, then foresters are problem-solvers' is untrue, 'soy milk can cause gas in some' is true.", "The statement 'soy milk can cause gas in some' can be considered false.", 'We know that either an old is a past or chemicals act as fuel.', 'Given that an old is a past, it can be inferred that either standard deviation is the square-root of the variance or rejection is the single greatest pain any human being experiences.', 'Provided that chemicals act as fuel, we know that either standard deviation is the square-root of the variance or rejection is the single greatest pain any human being experiences.']
|
So long as the notion that 'if either standard deviation is the square-root of the variance or rejection is the single greatest pain any human being experiences, then foresters are problem-solvers' is untrue, 'soy milk can cause gas in some' is true. The statement 'soy milk can cause gas in some' can be considered false. We know that either an old is a past or chemicals act as fuel. Given that an old is a past, it can be inferred that either standard deviation is the square-root of the variance or rejection is the single greatest pain any human being experiences. Provided that chemicals act as fuel, we know that either standard deviation is the square-root of the variance or rejection is the single greatest pain any human being experiences.
|
The claim that foresters are problem-solvers is true.
|
The claim that foresters are problem-solvers does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]. [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [5], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Foresters are problem-solvers.', 1: 'Standard deviation is the square-root of the variance.', 2: 'Rejection is the single greatest pain any human being experiences.', 3: 'Soy milk can cause gas in some.', 4: 'An old is a past.', 5: 'Chemicals act as fuel.'}
| 3 |
2,158 |
['It is rational to agree that cultivation also increases the likelihood of phosphorus losses through soil erosion.', 'On the condition that if wild animals can carry rabies, distemper or other illnesses, then wolves attack sheep and cattle sometimes but attack on the people is very, very rare, it is definitely the case that macaws vary in size.', "Whenever it is true that school teachers teach students, 'if cultivation also increases the likelihood of phosphorus losses through soil erosion, then if wild animals can carry rabies, distemper or other illnesses, then wolves attack sheep and cattle sometimes but attack on the people is very, very rare' is true.", 'It is true that school teachers teach students.']
|
It is rational to agree that cultivation also increases the likelihood of phosphorus losses through soil erosion. On the condition that if wild animals can carry rabies, distemper or other illnesses, then wolves attack sheep and cattle sometimes but attack on the people is very, very rare, it is definitely the case that macaws vary in size. Whenever it is true that school teachers teach students, 'if cultivation also increases the likelihood of phosphorus losses through soil erosion, then if wild animals can carry rabies, distemper or other illnesses, then wolves attack sheep and cattle sometimes but attack on the people is very, very rare' is true. It is true that school teachers teach students.
|
It is rational to agree that macaws vary in size.
|
It is rational to agree that macaws vary in size.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].). [SC1-2]
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).).
[4]
Therefore, If [1], then (If [2], then [3].)..
|
{0: 'Macaws vary in size.', 1: 'Cultivation also increases the likelihood of phosphorus losses through soil erosion.', 2: 'Wild animals can carry rabies, distemper or other illnesses.', 3: 'Wolves attack sheep and cattle sometimes but attack on the people is very, very rare.', 4: 'School teachers teach students.'}
| 3 |
2,154 |
['Once we know lunges are great for both buttocks and legs, we also know that minds are indivisible, whereas bodies are infinitely divisible.', 'There is good reason to believe that either symptoms associate with serious illnesses or prescribed fire is a practical and economical tool in deer management.', 'Given that prescribed fire is a practical and economical tool in deer management, it can be inferred that lunges are great for both buttocks and legs.', 'At least one of two things is true: either american kestrels feed on diets or some men kill mothers, or either some children live in poverty or filters create electronic noise, the deeper the filter, the greater the noise.', 'When either american kestrels feed on diets or some men kill mothers is true, it follows that if symptoms associate with serious illnesses, then lunges are great for both buttocks and legs.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either some children live in poverty or filters create electronic noise, the deeper the filter, the greater the noise, then if symptoms associate with serious illnesses, then lunges are great for both buttocks and legs.']
|
Once we know lunges are great for both buttocks and legs, we also know that minds are indivisible, whereas bodies are infinitely divisible. There is good reason to believe that either symptoms associate with serious illnesses or prescribed fire is a practical and economical tool in deer management. Given that prescribed fire is a practical and economical tool in deer management, it can be inferred that lunges are great for both buttocks and legs. At least one of two things is true: either american kestrels feed on diets or some men kill mothers, or either some children live in poverty or filters create electronic noise, the deeper the filter, the greater the noise. When either american kestrels feed on diets or some men kill mothers is true, it follows that if symptoms associate with serious illnesses, then lunges are great for both buttocks and legs. One may reasonably assume that if either some children live in poverty or filters create electronic noise, the deeper the filter, the greater the noise, then if symptoms associate with serious illnesses, then lunges are great for both buttocks and legs.
|
It is rational to agree that minds are indivisible, whereas bodies are infinitely divisible.
|
The statement 'minds are indivisible, whereas bodies are infinitely divisible' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-2]
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [4] or [5].) or (Either [6] or [7].).
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [2], then [1].).
If (Either [6] or [7].), then (If [2], then [1].).
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Minds are indivisible, whereas bodies are infinitely divisible.', 1: 'Lunges are great for both buttocks and legs.', 2: 'Symptoms associate with serious illnesses.', 3: 'Prescribed fire is a practical and economical tool in deer management.', 4: 'American kestrels feed on diets.', 5: 'Some men kill mothers.', 6: 'Some children live in poverty.', 7: 'Filters create electronic noise, the deeper the filter, the greater the noise.'}
| 3 |
2,040 |
['Provided that graphic designers are active in all aspects of communication design, we know that tantalums are transition metal.', 'Either electric currents produce magnetic fields or either graphic designers are active in all aspects of communication design or electrical waste contains hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials.', 'It is a common misconception that electric currents produce magnetic fields .', 'Provided that the claim that if electrical waste contains hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials, then tantalums are transition metal is false, we know that either hinds have (part) heads or chlorine oxidizes iron and manganese so they can be filtered out.', "The statement that 'either hinds have (part) heads or chlorine oxidizes iron and manganese so they can be filtered out' is incorrect."]
|
Provided that graphic designers are active in all aspects of communication design, we know that tantalums are transition metal. Either electric currents produce magnetic fields or either graphic designers are active in all aspects of communication design or electrical waste contains hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials. It is a common misconception that electric currents produce magnetic fields . Provided that the claim that if electrical waste contains hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials, then tantalums are transition metal is false, we know that either hinds have (part) heads or chlorine oxidizes iron and manganese so they can be filtered out. The statement that 'either hinds have (part) heads or chlorine oxidizes iron and manganese so they can be filtered out' is incorrect.
|
We can assume that tantalums are transition metal.
|
The notion that 'tantalums are transition metal' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Either [1] or [2].).
Not [5].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Either [3] or [4].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Tantalums are transition metal.', 1: 'Graphic designers are active in all aspects of communication design.', 2: 'Electrical waste contains hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials.', 3: 'Hinds have (part) heads.', 4: 'Chlorine oxidizes iron and manganese so they can be filtered out.', 5: 'Electric currents produce magnetic fields .'}
| 3 |
2,585 |
['If labor unions are groups of workers who work together to stand up for their best interests, then serial numbers are consecutive with all sizes and models of instruments running together.', 'Given that issues create confidence, it can be inferred that serial numbers are consecutive with all sizes and models of instruments running together.', 'At least one of two things is true: if a bluehead is a wrasse, then many wild ruminants serve as non-clinical reservoirs, or emergent structures appear at many different levels of organization or as spontaneous order .', 'Once we know if a bluehead is a wrasse, then many wild ruminants serve as non-clinical reservoirs, we also know that labor unions are groups of workers who work together to stand up for their best interests.', 'One may reasonably assume that if emergent structures appear at many different levels of organization or as spontaneous order , then wests are direction.', 'One may reasonably assume that if wests are direction, then issues create confidence.']
|
If labor unions are groups of workers who work together to stand up for their best interests, then serial numbers are consecutive with all sizes and models of instruments running together. Given that issues create confidence, it can be inferred that serial numbers are consecutive with all sizes and models of instruments running together. At least one of two things is true: if a bluehead is a wrasse, then many wild ruminants serve as non-clinical reservoirs, or emergent structures appear at many different levels of organization or as spontaneous order . Once we know if a bluehead is a wrasse, then many wild ruminants serve as non-clinical reservoirs, we also know that labor unions are groups of workers who work together to stand up for their best interests. One may reasonably assume that if emergent structures appear at many different levels of organization or as spontaneous order , then wests are direction. One may reasonably assume that if wests are direction, then issues create confidence.
|
serial numbers are consecutive with all sizes and models of instruments running together.
|
Serial numbers are in numerical order.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].
If (If [3], then [4].), then [1].
If [5], then [2]. [SC3-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC3-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [5], then [6].
If [6], then [2].
Therefore, If [5], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Serial numbers are consecutive with all sizes and models of instruments running together.', 1: 'Labor unions are groups of workers who work together to stand up for their best interests.', 2: 'Issues create confidence.', 3: 'A bluehead is a wrasse.', 4: 'Many wild ruminants serve as non-clinical reservoirs.', 5: 'Emergent structures appear at many different levels of organization or as spontaneous order .', 6: 'Wests are direction.'}
| 3 |
2,805 |
['When philosophical analysis is a way of clarifying terms, concepts, and propositions is true, it follows that aspects remain mysteries.', 'Given that the statement that states either philosophical analysis is a way of clarifying terms, concepts, and propositions or squattings are residency is false, it can be inferred that if myths help people come to terms with difficult periods of their past, then overalls are coveralls.', "The statement 'if myths help people come to terms with difficult periods of their past, then overalls are coveralls' can be considered false.", 'On the condition that it is a common misconception that if squattings are residency, then aspects remain mysteries, it is definitely the case that bees normally attack first around the face and eyes.', "So long as it is a common misconception that if squattings are residency, then aspects remain mysteries, 'the claim that bees normally attack first around the face and eyes does not reflect reality' is true."]
|
When philosophical analysis is a way of clarifying terms, concepts, and propositions is true, it follows that aspects remain mysteries. Given that the statement that states either philosophical analysis is a way of clarifying terms, concepts, and propositions or squattings are residency is false, it can be inferred that if myths help people come to terms with difficult periods of their past, then overalls are coveralls. The statement 'if myths help people come to terms with difficult periods of their past, then overalls are coveralls' can be considered false. On the condition that it is a common misconception that if squattings are residency, then aspects remain mysteries, it is definitely the case that bees normally attack first around the face and eyes. So long as it is a common misconception that if squattings are residency, then aspects remain mysteries, 'the claim that bees normally attack first around the face and eyes does not reflect reality' is true.
|
aspects remain mysteries.
|
Aspect isa feature.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (If [4], then [5].).
Not (If [4], then [5].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Aspects remain mysteries.', 1: 'Philosophical analysis is a way of clarifying terms, concepts, and propositions.', 2: 'Squattings are residency.', 3: 'Bees normally attack first around the face and eyes.', 4: 'Myths help people come to terms with difficult periods of their past.', 5: 'Overalls are coveralls.'}
| 3 |
2,592 |
['One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that loquat is a non-climacteric fruit, then rainforests thrive with life of all kinds.', 'Provided that coatings are nonconductive, we know that if it is not true that loquat is a non-climacteric fruit, then the claim that rainforests thrive with life of all kinds does not correspond with reality.', 'Given that some people mistakenly believe that coatings are nonconductive, it can be inferred that either snails move by creeping along or cell death occurs in one of two ways.', 'The claim that either snails move by creeping along or cell death occurs in one of two ways does not reflect reality.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that loquat is a non-climacteric fruit, then rainforests thrive with life of all kinds. Provided that coatings are nonconductive, we know that if it is not true that loquat is a non-climacteric fruit, then the claim that rainforests thrive with life of all kinds does not correspond with reality. Given that some people mistakenly believe that coatings are nonconductive, it can be inferred that either snails move by creeping along or cell death occurs in one of two ways. The claim that either snails move by creeping along or cell death occurs in one of two ways does not reflect reality.
|
It is true that loquat is a non-climacteric fruit.
|
The statement that 'loquat is a non-climacteric fruit' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
[2] [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [2].), then (Either [3] or [4].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Loquat is a non-climacteric fruit.', 1: 'Rainforests thrive with life of all kinds.', 2: 'Coatings are nonconductive.', 3: 'Snails move by creeping along.', 4: 'Cell death occurs in one of two ways.'}
| 3 |
2,964 |
['Given that most bald eagles have such good eyesights, it can be inferred that surgery is the only way melanoma can be cured.', 'Either infect individuals come into contact or it is not true that surgery is the only way melanoma can be cured.', 'On the condition that infect individuals come into contact, it is definitely the case that necrosis appears as bronze-colored areas of cellular necrosis.', 'Assuming infect individuals come into contact, we know that those that suggest necrosis appears as bronze-colored areas of cellular necrosis are wrong.']
|
Given that most bald eagles have such good eyesights, it can be inferred that surgery is the only way melanoma can be cured. Either infect individuals come into contact or it is not true that surgery is the only way melanoma can be cured. On the condition that infect individuals come into contact, it is definitely the case that necrosis appears as bronze-colored areas of cellular necrosis. Assuming infect individuals come into contact, we know that those that suggest necrosis appears as bronze-colored areas of cellular necrosis are wrong.
|
The claim that most bald eagles have such good eyesights is false.
|
It is reasonable to believe that most bald eagles have such good eyesights.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [2], then [3].
If [2], then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Most bald eagles have such good eyesights.', 1: 'Surgery is the only way melanoma can be cured.', 2: 'Infect individuals come into contact.', 3: 'Necrosis appears as bronze-colored areas of cellular necrosis.'}
| 3 |
2,266 |
['Provided that some people mistakenly believe that if the claim that some birds have genetic disorder does not correspond with reality, then aromatic hydrocarbons are aromatic organic molecules that form flat ring-shaped bonds, we know that potatoes grow on trees.', 'It is not true that potatoes grow on trees.', "On the condition that the claim that some birds have genetic disorder does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that salads are often in the spotlight when it comes to consumers' concerns about food safety.", "If salads are often in the spotlight when it comes to consumers' concerns about food safety, then we know that the claim that aromatic hydrocarbons are aromatic organic molecules that form flat ring-shaped bonds is false."]
|
Provided that some people mistakenly believe that if the claim that some birds have genetic disorder does not correspond with reality, then aromatic hydrocarbons are aromatic organic molecules that form flat ring-shaped bonds, we know that potatoes grow on trees. It is not true that potatoes grow on trees. On the condition that the claim that some birds have genetic disorder does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that salads are often in the spotlight when it comes to consumers' concerns about food safety. If salads are often in the spotlight when it comes to consumers' concerns about food safety, then we know that the claim that aromatic hydrocarbons are aromatic organic molecules that form flat ring-shaped bonds is false.
|
Those that suggest some birds have genetic disorder are right.
|
Those that suggest some birds have genetic disorder are right.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Some birds have genetic disorder.', 1: 'Aromatic hydrocarbons are aromatic organic molecules that form flat ring-shaped bonds.', 2: "Salads are often in the spotlight when it comes to consumers' concerns about food safety.", 3: 'Potatoes grow on trees.'}
| 3 |
2,406 |
["Whenever it is true that most insulators conduct electric charge, 'downy mildew starts out as light yellow blotches on the upper surface of the leaf' is true.", 'Provided that downy mildew starts out as light yellow blotches on the upper surface of the leaf, we know that it is not the case that either water runs off the surface before it has an opportunity to soak into the soil or pupae are white to light brown.', 'We know that either soils vary according to bedrock and edaphic conditions or most insulators conduct electric charge.', "The notion that 'soils vary according to bedrock and edaphic conditions' is untrue."]
|
Whenever it is true that most insulators conduct electric charge, 'downy mildew starts out as light yellow blotches on the upper surface of the leaf' is true. Provided that downy mildew starts out as light yellow blotches on the upper surface of the leaf, we know that it is not the case that either water runs off the surface before it has an opportunity to soak into the soil or pupae are white to light brown. We know that either soils vary according to bedrock and edaphic conditions or most insulators conduct electric charge. The notion that 'soils vary according to bedrock and edaphic conditions' is untrue.
|
It is not the case that either water runs off the surface before it has an opportunity to soak into the soil or pupae are white to light brown.
|
We know that either water runs off the surface before it has an opportunity to soak into the soil or pupae are white to light brown.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).). [SC1-1]
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [4].
If [4], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or [2].
Not [3].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Water runs off the surface before it has an opportunity to soak into the soil.', 1: 'Pupae are white to light brown.', 2: 'Most insulators conduct electric charge.', 3: 'Soils vary according to bedrock and edaphic conditions.', 4: 'Downy mildew starts out as light yellow blotches on the upper surface of the leaf.'}
| 3 |
2,294 |
['There is good reason to believe that either if penguins are found on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere, then knifes are located in pockets or if the claim that birth describes our movement from the spirit world to mortality has no merit, then if ozone kills microorganisms by rupturing their cell walls, then bats have long noses.', 'The statement that states if penguins are found on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere, then knifes are located in pockets is false.', 'Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if the claim that birth describes our movement from the spirit world to mortality has no merit, then the claim that if ozone kills microorganisms by rupturing their cell walls, then bats have long noses has no merit, it follows that huntsmen have (part) heads.', "The statement 'huntsmen have (part) heads' can be considered false."]
|
There is good reason to believe that either if penguins are found on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere, then knifes are located in pockets or if the claim that birth describes our movement from the spirit world to mortality has no merit, then if ozone kills microorganisms by rupturing their cell walls, then bats have long noses. The statement that states if penguins are found on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere, then knifes are located in pockets is false. Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if the claim that birth describes our movement from the spirit world to mortality has no merit, then the claim that if ozone kills microorganisms by rupturing their cell walls, then bats have long noses has no merit, it follows that huntsmen have (part) heads. The statement 'huntsmen have (part) heads' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'birth describes our movement from the spirit world to mortality' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'birth describes our movement from the spirit world to mortality' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [4], then [5].) or (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).).
Not (If [4], then [5].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Birth describes our movement from the spirit world to mortality.', 1: 'Ozone kills microorganisms by rupturing their cell walls.', 2: 'Bats have long noses.', 3: 'Huntsmen have (part) heads.', 4: 'Penguins are found on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere.', 5: 'Knifes are located in pockets.'}
| 3 |
2,604 |
['Provided that violence is forces, we know that if iron deficiency is a common constraint to plant growth on atolls, then if copper is produced by open pit and underground mining, then mantises have (part) quill feathers.', 'The statement that states violence is forces is right.', 'Provided that either furans have one or two phenyl rings connected to a furan ring or conjugates also have asexual reproduction, we know that iron deficiency is a common constraint to plant growth on atolls.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: furans have one or two phenyl rings connected to a furan ring, or conjugates also have asexual reproduction.']
|
Provided that violence is forces, we know that if iron deficiency is a common constraint to plant growth on atolls, then if copper is produced by open pit and underground mining, then mantises have (part) quill feathers. The statement that states violence is forces is right. Provided that either furans have one or two phenyl rings connected to a furan ring or conjugates also have asexual reproduction, we know that iron deficiency is a common constraint to plant growth on atolls. We know that at least one of two things is true: furans have one or two phenyl rings connected to a furan ring, or conjugates also have asexual reproduction.
|
Assuming copper is produced by open pit and underground mining, we know that mantises have (part) quill feathers.
|
Assuming copper is produced by open pit and underground mining, we know that mantises have (part) quill feathers.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).
[5]
Therefore, If [2], then (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [2].
Either [3] or [4].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Copper is produced by open pit and underground mining.', 1: 'Mantises have (part) quill feathers.', 2: 'Iron deficiency is a common constraint to plant growth on atolls.', 3: 'Furans have one or two phenyl rings connected to a furan ring.', 4: 'Conjugates also have asexual reproduction.', 5: 'Violence is forces.'}
| 3 |
2,522 |
["Provided that the notion that 'either spiny dogfish are benthopelagic , meaning that they are found just above the bottom of the ocean or pit traps are useful for catching crawling insects' is untrue, we know that most plants produce offspring.", 'It is not true that most plants produce offspring.', 'One may reasonably assume that if spiny dogfish are benthopelagic , meaning that they are found just above the bottom of the ocean , then good nutrition improves health.', 'The claim that good nutrition improves health has no merit.']
|
Provided that the notion that 'either spiny dogfish are benthopelagic , meaning that they are found just above the bottom of the ocean or pit traps are useful for catching crawling insects' is untrue, we know that most plants produce offspring. It is not true that most plants produce offspring. One may reasonably assume that if spiny dogfish are benthopelagic , meaning that they are found just above the bottom of the ocean , then good nutrition improves health. The claim that good nutrition improves health has no merit.
|
It is fair to say that pit traps are useful for catching crawling insects.
|
Calcium promotes growth.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Pit traps are useful for catching crawling insects.', 1: 'Spiny dogfish are benthopelagic , meaning that they are found just above the bottom of the ocean .', 2: 'Most plants produce offspring.', 3: 'Good nutrition improves health.'}
| 3 |
2,018 |
['Those that suggest huge dust clouds lower temperature are wrong.', 'It is a fact that either viscosity decreases because the starch molecules become shorter due to hydrolytic effects or children may have sound.', "Whenever it is true that children may have sound, 'barman isa employee' is true.", 'When viscosity decreases because the starch molecules become shorter due to hydrolytic effects is true, it follows that some dogs receive bicarbonate.', "Whenever it is true that some dogs receive bicarbonate, 'huge dust clouds lower temperature' is true."]
|
Those that suggest huge dust clouds lower temperature are wrong. It is a fact that either viscosity decreases because the starch molecules become shorter due to hydrolytic effects or children may have sound. Whenever it is true that children may have sound, 'barman isa employee' is true. When viscosity decreases because the starch molecules become shorter due to hydrolytic effects is true, it follows that some dogs receive bicarbonate. Whenever it is true that some dogs receive bicarbonate, 'huge dust clouds lower temperature' is true.
|
The claim that barman isa employee holds true.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that barman isa employee.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-2]
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [4].
If [4], then [1].
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Barman isa employee.', 1: 'Huge dust clouds lower temperature.', 2: 'Viscosity decreases because the starch molecules become shorter due to hydrolytic effects.', 3: 'Children may have sound.', 4: 'Some dogs receive bicarbonate.'}
| 3 |
2,425 |
["There is good reason to believe that either crocodiles have feet or the statement 'salicylates occasionally cause asthma in people who are sensitive to aspirin' can be considered false.", "Either one or both of these statements are true: if pirates set sails, then plants range from smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size, or the statement 'crocodiles have feet' can be considered false.", "Whenever it is true that if pirates set sails, then plants range from smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size, 'if parapatric speciation is intermediate between allopatric and sympatric speciation, then time is a critical factor when someone is choking' is true.", "The statement 'if parapatric speciation is intermediate between allopatric and sympatric speciation, then time is a critical factor when someone is choking' can be considered false."]
|
There is good reason to believe that either crocodiles have feet or the statement 'salicylates occasionally cause asthma in people who are sensitive to aspirin' can be considered false. Either one or both of these statements are true: if pirates set sails, then plants range from smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size, or the statement 'crocodiles have feet' can be considered false. Whenever it is true that if pirates set sails, then plants range from smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size, 'if parapatric speciation is intermediate between allopatric and sympatric speciation, then time is a critical factor when someone is choking' is true. The statement 'if parapatric speciation is intermediate between allopatric and sympatric speciation, then time is a critical factor when someone is choking' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'salicylates occasionally cause asthma in people who are sensitive to aspirin' can be considered false.
|
It is a common misconception that salicylates can produce changes in the thyroid function tests.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not [1].).
Not (If [2], then [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [4], then [5].).
Not (If [4], then [5].).
Therefore, Not (If [2], then [3].)..
|
{0: 'Salicylates occasionally cause asthma in people who are sensitive to aspirin.', 1: 'Crocodiles have feet.', 2: 'Pirates set sails.', 3: 'Plants range from smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size.', 4: 'Parapatric speciation is intermediate between allopatric and sympatric speciation.', 5: 'Time is a critical factor when someone is choking.'}
| 3 |
2,527 |
['There is good reason to believe that either most virus is shed before symptoms appear or if dragonflies sit with their wings spread out horizontally, then the claim that if many men exaggerate the importance of deep vaginal penetration in stimulating a woman to orgasm, then pullovers have (part) lap covering is false.', 'The claim that most virus is shed before symptoms appear is false.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: copywriters bear the sole responsibility for writing in the advertising field, or dragonflies sit with their wings spread out horizontally.', 'It is not the case that copywriters bear the sole responsibility for writing in the advertising field.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either most virus is shed before symptoms appear or if dragonflies sit with their wings spread out horizontally, then the claim that if many men exaggerate the importance of deep vaginal penetration in stimulating a woman to orgasm, then pullovers have (part) lap covering is false. The claim that most virus is shed before symptoms appear is false. Either one or both of these statements are true: copywriters bear the sole responsibility for writing in the advertising field, or dragonflies sit with their wings spread out horizontally. It is not the case that copywriters bear the sole responsibility for writing in the advertising field.
|
The claim that if many men exaggerate the importance of deep vaginal penetration in stimulating a woman to orgasm, then pullovers have (part) lap covering is false.
|
The claim that some men make babies does not correspond with reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC1-1]
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or [2].
Not [3].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Many men exaggerate the importance of deep vaginal penetration in stimulating a woman to orgasm.', 1: 'Pullovers have (part) lap covering.', 2: 'Dragonflies sit with their wings spread out horizontally.', 3: 'Copywriters bear the sole responsibility for writing in the advertising field.', 4: 'Most virus is shed before symptoms appear.'}
| 3 |
2,308 |
["The notion that 'exercise intensity plays a role in injury as well' is untrue.", "Should it be the case that the claim that if it is not the case that insects also carry pesticides, then exercise intensity plays a role in injury as well has no merit, it follows that either gallinules have (part) bird's feet or economic theory is used for projections and forecasting.", "Given that either gallinules have (part) bird's feet or economic theory is used for projections and forecasting, it can be inferred that either physicians have to spend their time to stop people from dying or many people keep a notepad and pen by their bed to write dreams down whenever they stir from sleep.", 'The claim that either physicians have to spend their time to stop people from dying or many people keep a notepad and pen by their bed to write dreams down whenever they stir from sleep has no merit.']
|
The notion that 'exercise intensity plays a role in injury as well' is untrue. Should it be the case that the claim that if it is not the case that insects also carry pesticides, then exercise intensity plays a role in injury as well has no merit, it follows that either gallinules have (part) bird's feet or economic theory is used for projections and forecasting. Given that either gallinules have (part) bird's feet or economic theory is used for projections and forecasting, it can be inferred that either physicians have to spend their time to stop people from dying or many people keep a notepad and pen by their bed to write dreams down whenever they stir from sleep. The claim that either physicians have to spend their time to stop people from dying or many people keep a notepad and pen by their bed to write dreams down whenever they stir from sleep has no merit.
|
It is reasonable to believe that insects also carry pesticides.
|
The statement 'insects also carry pesticides' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [4] or [5].).
Not (Either [4] or [5].).
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Insects also carry pesticides.', 1: 'Exercise intensity plays a role in injury as well.', 2: "Gallinules have (part) bird's feet.", 3: 'Economic theory is used for projections and forecasting.', 4: 'Physicians have to spend their time to stop people from dying.', 5: 'Many people keep a notepad and pen by their bed to write dreams down whenever they stir from sleep.'}
| 3 |
2,622 |
['One may reasonably assume that if either uniform spaces provide the common thread that connects normed spaces and topological groups or infrared observations show the cool state of matter, then accumulated lint is a common cause of fires.', 'Given that the claim that either calluses are areas of thick skin caused by regular or prolonged pressure or friction or either uniform spaces provide the common thread that connects normed spaces and topological groups or infrared observations show the cool state of matter does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that some diets cause serious diseases.', "The notion that 'some diets cause serious diseases' is untrue.", 'Should it be the case that we know that the claim that if calluses are areas of thick skin caused by regular or prolonged pressure or friction, then accumulated lint is a common cause of fires is false, it follows that baobab trees grow in tropical areas.', 'Should it be the case that we know that the claim that if calluses are areas of thick skin caused by regular or prolonged pressure or friction, then accumulated lint is a common cause of fires is false, it follows that the statement that states baobab trees grow in tropical areas is false.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if either uniform spaces provide the common thread that connects normed spaces and topological groups or infrared observations show the cool state of matter, then accumulated lint is a common cause of fires. Given that the claim that either calluses are areas of thick skin caused by regular or prolonged pressure or friction or either uniform spaces provide the common thread that connects normed spaces and topological groups or infrared observations show the cool state of matter does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that some diets cause serious diseases. The notion that 'some diets cause serious diseases' is untrue. Should it be the case that we know that the claim that if calluses are areas of thick skin caused by regular or prolonged pressure or friction, then accumulated lint is a common cause of fires is false, it follows that baobab trees grow in tropical areas. Should it be the case that we know that the claim that if calluses are areas of thick skin caused by regular or prolonged pressure or friction, then accumulated lint is a common cause of fires is false, it follows that the statement that states baobab trees grow in tropical areas is false.
|
It is reasonable to believe that accumulated lint is a common cause of fires.
|
Spring brings new life as animals are born and eggs hatch.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [4].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Accumulated lint is a common cause of fires.', 1: 'Calluses are areas of thick skin caused by regular or prolonged pressure or friction.', 2: 'Uniform spaces provide the common thread that connects normed spaces and topological groups.', 3: 'Infrared observations show the cool state of matter.', 4: 'Baobab trees grow in tropical areas.', 5: 'Some diets cause serious diseases.'}
| 3 |
2,794 |
['When the claim that lungfishes have (part) heads does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that birds have two types of nephrons.', "Given that it is a common misconception that if the claim that lungfishes have (part) heads does not correspond with reality, then the claim that birds have two types of nephrons has no merit, it can be inferred that the statement 'either blue crabs are crabs or alcohol can decrease the efficacy of indinavir and increase the risk of hepatitis' can be considered false.", 'Should it be the case that it is a common misconception that if the claim that lungfishes have (part) heads does not correspond with reality, then the claim that birds have two types of nephrons has no merit, it follows that bird wings flap, eats cheese, sings, and whistles.', "Whenever it is true that bird wings flap, eats cheese, sings, and whistles, 'either blue crabs are crabs or alcohol can decrease the efficacy of indinavir and increase the risk of hepatitis' is true."]
|
When the claim that lungfishes have (part) heads does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that birds have two types of nephrons. Given that it is a common misconception that if the claim that lungfishes have (part) heads does not correspond with reality, then the claim that birds have two types of nephrons has no merit, it can be inferred that the statement 'either blue crabs are crabs or alcohol can decrease the efficacy of indinavir and increase the risk of hepatitis' can be considered false. Should it be the case that it is a common misconception that if the claim that lungfishes have (part) heads does not correspond with reality, then the claim that birds have two types of nephrons has no merit, it follows that bird wings flap, eats cheese, sings, and whistles. Whenever it is true that bird wings flap, eats cheese, sings, and whistles, 'either blue crabs are crabs or alcohol can decrease the efficacy of indinavir and increase the risk of hepatitis' is true.
|
Those that suggest lungfishes have (part) heads are right.
|
It is a common misconception that lungfishes have (part) heads.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-2]
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [4].
If [4], then (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Lungfishes have (part) heads.', 1: 'Birds have two types of nephrons.', 2: 'Blue crabs are crabs.', 3: 'Alcohol can decrease the efficacy of indinavir and increase the risk of hepatitis.', 4: 'Bird wings flap, eats cheese, sings, and whistles.'}
| 3 |
2,062 |
['It is rational to believe that either winds can and do blow ashore, currents keep moving and invariably pass along the coast or grain is a particle.', "If winds can and do blow ashore, currents keep moving and invariably pass along the coast, then the statement 'rationalization involves attempting to explain failure or shortcomings in nonthreatening ways' can be considered false.", "It is a fact that either if anger can often affect a woman's responsivity more intensely than it does a man's, then experimental petrology can test how certain kinds of rock form and change or if grain is a particle, then the statement 'rationalization involves attempting to explain failure or shortcomings in nonthreatening ways' can be considered false.", "Once we know if anger can often affect a woman's responsivity more intensely than it does a man's, then experimental petrology can test how certain kinds of rock form and change, we also know that either whiptails have (part) faces or deep ecology is an all encompassing philosophical paradigm shift.", "Given that if anger can often affect a woman's responsivity more intensely than it does a man's, then experimental petrology can test how certain kinds of rock form and change, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that either whiptails have (part) faces or deep ecology is an all encompassing philosophical paradigm shift is false."]
|
It is rational to believe that either winds can and do blow ashore, currents keep moving and invariably pass along the coast or grain is a particle. If winds can and do blow ashore, currents keep moving and invariably pass along the coast, then the statement 'rationalization involves attempting to explain failure or shortcomings in nonthreatening ways' can be considered false. It is a fact that either if anger can often affect a woman's responsivity more intensely than it does a man's, then experimental petrology can test how certain kinds of rock form and change or if grain is a particle, then the statement 'rationalization involves attempting to explain failure or shortcomings in nonthreatening ways' can be considered false. Once we know if anger can often affect a woman's responsivity more intensely than it does a man's, then experimental petrology can test how certain kinds of rock form and change, we also know that either whiptails have (part) faces or deep ecology is an all encompassing philosophical paradigm shift. Given that if anger can often affect a woman's responsivity more intensely than it does a man's, then experimental petrology can test how certain kinds of rock form and change, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that either whiptails have (part) faces or deep ecology is an all encompassing philosophical paradigm shift is false.
|
The statement 'rationalization involves attempting to explain failure or shortcomings in nonthreatening ways' can be considered false.
|
Rationalization involves attempting to explain failure or shortcomings in nonthreatening ways.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (If [2], then (Not [0].).).
Not (If [3], then [4].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Either [5] or [6].).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Not (Either [5] or [6].).).
Therefore, Not (If [3], then [4].)..
|
{0: 'Rationalization involves attempting to explain failure or shortcomings in nonthreatening ways.', 1: 'Winds can and do blow ashore, currents keep moving and invariably pass along the coast.', 2: 'Grain is a particle.', 3: "Anger can often affect a woman's responsivity more intensely than it does a man's.", 4: 'Experimental petrology can test how certain kinds of rock form and change.', 5: 'Whiptails have (part) faces.', 6: 'Deep ecology is an all encompassing philosophical paradigm shift.'}
| 3 |
2,079 |
['On the condition that if cribs are beds, then pure caffeine is odorless and has a bitter taste, it is definitely the case that either water wheels provide mechanical energy, while hydraulic turbines are used to generate electricity or cleavage is force concentrated at one edge and exerts a prying force.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states either acupuncture involves the use of special needles that are inserted into the body at specific points or if cribs are beds, then pure caffeine is odorless and has a bitter taste is false, then snowballs are the most important feature relating to the presence of snow.', 'It is a common misconception that snowballs are the most important feature relating to the presence of snow.', 'One may reasonably assume that if termites build the largest nests of any insect, then if acupuncture involves the use of special needles that are inserted into the body at specific points, then either water wheels provide mechanical energy, while hydraulic turbines are used to generate electricity or cleavage is force concentrated at one edge and exerts a prying force.', 'It is rational to agree that termites build the largest nests of any insect.']
|
On the condition that if cribs are beds, then pure caffeine is odorless and has a bitter taste, it is definitely the case that either water wheels provide mechanical energy, while hydraulic turbines are used to generate electricity or cleavage is force concentrated at one edge and exerts a prying force. One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states either acupuncture involves the use of special needles that are inserted into the body at specific points or if cribs are beds, then pure caffeine is odorless and has a bitter taste is false, then snowballs are the most important feature relating to the presence of snow. It is a common misconception that snowballs are the most important feature relating to the presence of snow. One may reasonably assume that if termites build the largest nests of any insect, then if acupuncture involves the use of special needles that are inserted into the body at specific points, then either water wheels provide mechanical energy, while hydraulic turbines are used to generate electricity or cleavage is force concentrated at one edge and exerts a prying force. It is rational to agree that termites build the largest nests of any insect.
|
It is a fact that either water wheels provide mechanical energy, while hydraulic turbines are used to generate electricity or cleavage is force concentrated at one edge and exerts a prying force.
|
At least one of two things is true: some water wheels make power, or cleavage takes place along planes that cut across the longest, weakest bonds in the structure.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].). [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC2-1]
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
[5]
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Water wheels provide mechanical energy, while hydraulic turbines are used to generate electricity.', 1: 'Cleavage is force concentrated at one edge and exerts a prying force.', 2: 'Acupuncture involves the use of special needles that are inserted into the body at specific points.', 3: 'Cribs are beds.', 4: 'Pure caffeine is odorless and has a bitter taste.', 5: 'Termites build the largest nests of any insect.', 6: 'Snowballs are the most important feature relating to the presence of snow.'}
| 3 |
2,680 |
["Given that the statement, digital collections take information outside libraries' physical confines, does not hold, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that wood is a renewable resource and is likely to be in growing demand as world population increases is false.", "Whenever it is true that the claim that if the statement, digital collections take information outside libraries' physical confines, does not hold, then wood is a renewable resource and is likely to be in growing demand as world population increases has no merit, 'the claim that grasshoppers are herbivore, that is they eat plants does not reflect reality' is true.", "At least one of two things is true: orographic activity occurs wherever mountains block prevailing air, or if the claim that if the statement, digital collections take information outside libraries' physical confines, does not hold, then wood is a renewable resource and is likely to be in growing demand as world population increases has no merit, then grasshoppers are herbivore, that is they eat plants.", 'The claim that orographic activity occurs wherever mountains block prevailing air does not reflect reality.']
|
Given that the statement, digital collections take information outside libraries' physical confines, does not hold, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that wood is a renewable resource and is likely to be in growing demand as world population increases is false. Whenever it is true that the claim that if the statement, digital collections take information outside libraries' physical confines, does not hold, then wood is a renewable resource and is likely to be in growing demand as world population increases has no merit, 'the claim that grasshoppers are herbivore, that is they eat plants does not reflect reality' is true. At least one of two things is true: orographic activity occurs wherever mountains block prevailing air, or if the claim that if the statement, digital collections take information outside libraries' physical confines, does not hold, then wood is a renewable resource and is likely to be in growing demand as world population increases has no merit, then grasshoppers are herbivore, that is they eat plants. The claim that orographic activity occurs wherever mountains block prevailing air does not reflect reality.
|
The statement 'digital collections take information outside libraries' physical confines' is true.
|
The statement that 'digital collections take information outside libraries' physical confines' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2]..
|
{0: "Digital collections take information outside libraries' physical confines.", 1: 'Wood is a renewable resource and is likely to be in growing demand as world population increases.', 2: 'Grasshoppers are herbivore, that is they eat plants.', 3: 'Orographic activity occurs wherever mountains block prevailing air.'}
| 3 |
2,193 |
['It is a fact that either ischemic colitis is a serious condition in which blood supply to the colon is compromised or races differ as to the density of melanocytes in their skin.', 'One may reasonably assume that if ischemic colitis is a serious condition in which blood supply to the colon is compromised, then if the statement that states trees grow leaves, Beautiful flowers start to popl New birds come out, they fly all day is false, then acupuncture needles are very thin and solid, and are made from stainless steel.', 'If races differ as to the density of melanocytes in their skin, then if the statement that states trees grow leaves, Beautiful flowers start to popl New birds come out, they fly all day is false, then acupuncture needles are very thin and solid, and are made from stainless steel.', 'Either undiluted chloropicrin is highly toxic by ingestion or direct contact with the skin or eyes or the statement that states acupuncture needles are very thin and solid, and are made from stainless steel is false.', 'The claim that undiluted chloropicrin is highly toxic by ingestion or direct contact with the skin or eyes does not reflect reality.']
|
It is a fact that either ischemic colitis is a serious condition in which blood supply to the colon is compromised or races differ as to the density of melanocytes in their skin. One may reasonably assume that if ischemic colitis is a serious condition in which blood supply to the colon is compromised, then if the statement that states trees grow leaves, Beautiful flowers start to popl New birds come out, they fly all day is false, then acupuncture needles are very thin and solid, and are made from stainless steel. If races differ as to the density of melanocytes in their skin, then if the statement that states trees grow leaves, Beautiful flowers start to popl New birds come out, they fly all day is false, then acupuncture needles are very thin and solid, and are made from stainless steel. Either undiluted chloropicrin is highly toxic by ingestion or direct contact with the skin or eyes or the statement that states acupuncture needles are very thin and solid, and are made from stainless steel is false. The claim that undiluted chloropicrin is highly toxic by ingestion or direct contact with the skin or eyes does not reflect reality.
|
It is true that trees grow leaves, Beautiful flowers start to popl New birds come out, they fly all day.
|
The claim that trees grow leaves, Beautiful flowers start to popl New birds come out, they fly all day does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Not [1].).
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Trees grow leaves, Beautiful flowers start to popl New birds come out, they fly all day.', 1: 'Acupuncture needles are very thin and solid, and are made from stainless steel.', 2: 'Ischemic colitis is a serious condition in which blood supply to the colon is compromised.', 3: 'Races differ as to the density of melanocytes in their skin.', 4: 'Undiluted chloropicrin is highly toxic by ingestion or direct contact with the skin or eyes.'}
| 3 |
2,750 |
['Given that some raptors die of starvation, it can be inferred that normal stress is exerted even in a static, nondeforming fluid.', 'It is rational to believe that either either wetlands are protected, generally swampy areas that serve important ecological functions or most corn snakes learn to eat previously frozen, but fully thawed out, mice or either community colleges are the training ground for many adults seeking workplace training or retraining or immunodeficiency diseases have many similar features.', 'When either wetlands are protected, generally swampy areas that serve important ecological functions or most corn snakes learn to eat previously frozen, but fully thawed out, mice is true, it follows that if some raptors die of starvation, then the statement that states normal stress is exerted even in a static, nondeforming fluid is false.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: depression is often reversible with prompt and appropriate treatment, or either beetles fly or walk from one field to another, and populations mix or trees fail to assert dominance, so willow stands periodically stagnate.', 'Provided that depression is often reversible with prompt and appropriate treatment, we know that if either community colleges are the training ground for many adults seeking workplace training or retraining or immunodeficiency diseases have many similar features, then if some raptors die of starvation, then the statement that states normal stress is exerted even in a static, nondeforming fluid is false.', 'Should it be the case that either beetles fly or walk from one field to another, and populations mix or trees fail to assert dominance, so willow stands periodically stagnate, it follows that if either community colleges are the training ground for many adults seeking workplace training or retraining or immunodeficiency diseases have many similar features, then if some raptors die of starvation, then the statement that states normal stress is exerted even in a static, nondeforming fluid is false.']
|
Given that some raptors die of starvation, it can be inferred that normal stress is exerted even in a static, nondeforming fluid. It is rational to believe that either either wetlands are protected, generally swampy areas that serve important ecological functions or most corn snakes learn to eat previously frozen, but fully thawed out, mice or either community colleges are the training ground for many adults seeking workplace training or retraining or immunodeficiency diseases have many similar features. When either wetlands are protected, generally swampy areas that serve important ecological functions or most corn snakes learn to eat previously frozen, but fully thawed out, mice is true, it follows that if some raptors die of starvation, then the statement that states normal stress is exerted even in a static, nondeforming fluid is false. We know that at least one of two things is true: depression is often reversible with prompt and appropriate treatment, or either beetles fly or walk from one field to another, and populations mix or trees fail to assert dominance, so willow stands periodically stagnate. Provided that depression is often reversible with prompt and appropriate treatment, we know that if either community colleges are the training ground for many adults seeking workplace training or retraining or immunodeficiency diseases have many similar features, then if some raptors die of starvation, then the statement that states normal stress is exerted even in a static, nondeforming fluid is false. Should it be the case that either beetles fly or walk from one field to another, and populations mix or trees fail to assert dominance, so willow stands periodically stagnate, it follows that if either community colleges are the training ground for many adults seeking workplace training or retraining or immunodeficiency diseases have many similar features, then if some raptors die of starvation, then the statement that states normal stress is exerted even in a static, nondeforming fluid is false.
|
We know that the claim that some raptors die of starvation is false.
|
The idea that some raptors die of starvation is true.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Either [4] or [5].).
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [0], then (Not [1].).). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC3-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or (Either [7] or [8].).
If [6], then (If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).).
If (Either [7] or [8].), then (If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).).
Therefore, If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [0], then (Not [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Some raptors die of starvation.', 1: 'Normal stress is exerted even in a static, nondeforming fluid.', 2: 'Wetlands are protected, generally swampy areas that serve important ecological functions.', 3: 'Most corn snakes learn to eat previously frozen, but fully thawed out, mice.', 4: 'Community colleges are the training ground for many adults seeking workplace training or retraining.', 5: 'Immunodeficiency diseases have many similar features.', 6: 'Depression is often reversible with prompt and appropriate treatment.', 7: 'Beetles fly or walk from one field to another, and populations mix.', 8: 'Trees fail to assert dominance, so willow stands periodically stagnate.'}
| 3 |
2,181 |
["So long as twins have (part) cell membranes, 'unsaturated bonds prevent phospholipids from packing together' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if unsaturated bonds prevent phospholipids from packing together, then actual evaporation depends on availability.', 'Once we know communication is the basic means of teaching and guiding, we also know that twins have (part) cell membranes.', 'The claim that communication is the basic means of teaching and guiding holds true.']
|
So long as twins have (part) cell membranes, 'unsaturated bonds prevent phospholipids from packing together' is true. One may reasonably assume that if unsaturated bonds prevent phospholipids from packing together, then actual evaporation depends on availability. Once we know communication is the basic means of teaching and guiding, we also know that twins have (part) cell membranes. The claim that communication is the basic means of teaching and guiding holds true.
|
The claim that actual evaporation depends on availability holds true.
|
The claim that actual evaporation depends on availability holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then [1].
[3]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Actual evaporation depends on availability.', 1: 'Twins have (part) cell membranes.', 2: 'Unsaturated bonds prevent phospholipids from packing together.', 3: 'Communication is the basic means of teaching and guiding.'}
| 3 |
2,535 |
["The statement 'if some plants only bear leaves and flowers once , then they die , then psychiatrists can help people cope with the depression that often accompanies visual loss' can be considered false.", "When the notion that 'if thrips mature very rapidly, then if some plants only bear leaves and flowers once , then they die , then psychiatrists can help people cope with the depression that often accompanies visual loss' is untrue is true, it follows that some negative effects are produced by pollution.", "Whenever it is true that the notion that 'if thrips mature very rapidly, then if some plants only bear leaves and flowers once , then they die , then psychiatrists can help people cope with the depression that often accompanies visual loss' is untrue, 'meat is basis of diet, primarily beef and mutton' is true.", 'Provided that meat is basis of diet, primarily beef and mutton, we know that we know that the claim that some negative effects are produced by pollution is false.']
|
The statement 'if some plants only bear leaves and flowers once , then they die , then psychiatrists can help people cope with the depression that often accompanies visual loss' can be considered false. When the notion that 'if thrips mature very rapidly, then if some plants only bear leaves and flowers once , then they die , then psychiatrists can help people cope with the depression that often accompanies visual loss' is untrue is true, it follows that some negative effects are produced by pollution. Whenever it is true that the notion that 'if thrips mature very rapidly, then if some plants only bear leaves and flowers once , then they die , then psychiatrists can help people cope with the depression that often accompanies visual loss' is untrue, 'meat is basis of diet, primarily beef and mutton' is true. Provided that meat is basis of diet, primarily beef and mutton, we know that we know that the claim that some negative effects are produced by pollution is false.
|
The statement that 'thrips mature very rapidly' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'thrips mature very rapidly' is incorrect.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).).), then [3].
If (Not (If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).).), then (Not [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).).), then [4].
If [4], then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).).), then (Not [3].)..
|
{0: 'Thrips mature very rapidly.', 1: 'Some plants only bear leaves and flowers once , then they die .', 2: 'Psychiatrists can help people cope with the depression that often accompanies visual loss.', 3: 'Some negative effects are produced by pollution.', 4: 'Meat is basis of diet, primarily beef and mutton.'}
| 3 |
2,484 |
['Given that if humans are located in hotels, then cotyledons are linear and hairless, it can be inferred that the claim that laboratory diagnosis is made by virus isolation or serum neutralization blood testing does not correspond with reality.', 'We know that either either a mogul is a businessman or diabetics can really get into trouble with juice or esophagi have muscles.', 'On the condition that esophagi have muscles, it is definitely the case that if if humans are located in hotels, then cotyledons are linear and hairless, then laboratory diagnosis is made by virus isolation or serum neutralization blood testing.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states if either a mogul is a businessman or diabetics can really get into trouble with juice, then if if humans are located in hotels, then cotyledons are linear and hairless, then laboratory diagnosis is made by virus isolation or serum neutralization blood testing is false, then features include consumption.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that features include consumption.']
|
Given that if humans are located in hotels, then cotyledons are linear and hairless, it can be inferred that the claim that laboratory diagnosis is made by virus isolation or serum neutralization blood testing does not correspond with reality. We know that either either a mogul is a businessman or diabetics can really get into trouble with juice or esophagi have muscles. On the condition that esophagi have muscles, it is definitely the case that if if humans are located in hotels, then cotyledons are linear and hairless, then laboratory diagnosis is made by virus isolation or serum neutralization blood testing. One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states if either a mogul is a businessman or diabetics can really get into trouble with juice, then if if humans are located in hotels, then cotyledons are linear and hairless, then laboratory diagnosis is made by virus isolation or serum neutralization blood testing is false, then features include consumption. Some people mistakenly believe that features include consumption.
|
It is not the case that if humans are located in hotels, then cotyledons are linear and hairless.
|
It is not the case that if humans are located in hotels, then cotyledons are linear and hairless.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].). [SC2-2]
If [5], then (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Humans are located in hotels.', 1: 'Cotyledons are linear and hairless.', 2: 'Laboratory diagnosis is made by virus isolation or serum neutralization blood testing.', 3: 'A mogul is a businessman.', 4: 'Diabetics can really get into trouble with juice.', 5: 'Esophagi have muscles.', 6: 'Features include consumption.'}
| 3 |
2,200 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: damselflies are one of the largest and most colorful groups of native Hawaiian insects, or facial skin is thicker than eyelid skin, and body skin is thicker than the skin on the face.', 'Given that damselflies are one of the largest and most colorful groups of native Hawaiian insects, it can be inferred that either mushrooms occur anywhere from the desert to the alpine tundra or most hormones promote secretion.', "Whenever it is true that facial skin is thicker than eyelid skin, and body skin is thicker than the skin on the face, 'either mushrooms occur anywhere from the desert to the alpine tundra or most hormones promote secretion' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if mushrooms occur anywhere from the desert to the alpine tundra, then corporations issue ownership shares in the form of common stock.', 'Assuming mushrooms occur anywhere from the desert to the alpine tundra, we know that the statement, corporations issue ownership shares in the form of common stock, does not hold.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: damselflies are one of the largest and most colorful groups of native Hawaiian insects, or facial skin is thicker than eyelid skin, and body skin is thicker than the skin on the face. Given that damselflies are one of the largest and most colorful groups of native Hawaiian insects, it can be inferred that either mushrooms occur anywhere from the desert to the alpine tundra or most hormones promote secretion. Whenever it is true that facial skin is thicker than eyelid skin, and body skin is thicker than the skin on the face, 'either mushrooms occur anywhere from the desert to the alpine tundra or most hormones promote secretion' is true. One may reasonably assume that if mushrooms occur anywhere from the desert to the alpine tundra, then corporations issue ownership shares in the form of common stock. Assuming mushrooms occur anywhere from the desert to the alpine tundra, we know that the statement, corporations issue ownership shares in the form of common stock, does not hold.
|
The statement 'most hormones promote secretion' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'most hormones promote secretion' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Either [1] or [0].).
If [4], then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most hormones promote secretion.', 1: 'Mushrooms occur anywhere from the desert to the alpine tundra.', 2: 'Corporations issue ownership shares in the form of common stock.', 3: 'Damselflies are one of the largest and most colorful groups of native Hawaiian insects.', 4: 'Facial skin is thicker than eyelid skin, and body skin is thicker than the skin on the face.'}
| 3 |
2,364 |
["If intelligence is a rating of an individual's depth and flexibility of thought, then oilbirds are nocturnal and inhabit caves.", 'At least one of two things is true: animals are capable of flies, or if most blossoms have petals, then some cameras have no LCD panel, and instead use a simple optical viewfinder.', "One may reasonably assume that if if most blossoms have petals, then some cameras have no LCD panel, and instead use a simple optical viewfinder, then intelligence is a rating of an individual's depth and flexibility of thought.", 'Assuming animals are capable of flies, we know that a pimento is sweet pepper.', "On the condition that a pimento is sweet pepper, it is definitely the case that intelligence is a rating of an individual's depth and flexibility of thought."]
|
If intelligence is a rating of an individual's depth and flexibility of thought, then oilbirds are nocturnal and inhabit caves. At least one of two things is true: animals are capable of flies, or if most blossoms have petals, then some cameras have no LCD panel, and instead use a simple optical viewfinder. One may reasonably assume that if if most blossoms have petals, then some cameras have no LCD panel, and instead use a simple optical viewfinder, then intelligence is a rating of an individual's depth and flexibility of thought. Assuming animals are capable of flies, we know that a pimento is sweet pepper. On the condition that a pimento is sweet pepper, it is definitely the case that intelligence is a rating of an individual's depth and flexibility of thought.
|
It is rational to agree that oilbirds are nocturnal and inhabit caves.
|
It is rational to agree that oilbirds are nocturnal and inhabit caves.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-2]
If (If [3], then [4].), then [1].
Therefore, [1].
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [5].
If [5], then [1].
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Oilbirds are nocturnal and inhabit caves.', 1: "Intelligence is a rating of an individual's depth and flexibility of thought.", 2: 'Animals are capable of flies.', 3: 'Most blossoms have petals.', 4: 'Some cameras have no LCD panel, and instead use a simple optical viewfinder.', 5: 'A pimento is sweet pepper.'}
| 3 |
2,991 |
['At least one of two things is true: fire is revered as a visible symbol of the inner light that burns within each person, or we know that the claim that if most oak trees lose all of their leaves in autumn , then fish oils provide the long-chain version, which helps to reduce cellular inflammation is false.', 'There is good reason to believe that either moral development is foundational to conscience formation or if laws govern the treatment of human employees, and to a lesser degree, chimeras, then most telescopes help people see things visually.', 'Should it be the case that moral development is foundational to conscience formation, it follows that the claim that fire is revered as a visible symbol of the inner light that burns within each person has no merit.', 'There is good reason to believe that either lipids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen molecules or if if laws govern the treatment of human employees, and to a lesser degree, chimeras, then most telescopes help people see things visually, then the claim that fire is revered as a visible symbol of the inner light that burns within each person has no merit.', 'The claim that lipids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen molecules has no merit.']
|
At least one of two things is true: fire is revered as a visible symbol of the inner light that burns within each person, or we know that the claim that if most oak trees lose all of their leaves in autumn , then fish oils provide the long-chain version, which helps to reduce cellular inflammation is false. There is good reason to believe that either moral development is foundational to conscience formation or if laws govern the treatment of human employees, and to a lesser degree, chimeras, then most telescopes help people see things visually. Should it be the case that moral development is foundational to conscience formation, it follows that the claim that fire is revered as a visible symbol of the inner light that burns within each person has no merit. There is good reason to believe that either lipids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen molecules or if if laws govern the treatment of human employees, and to a lesser degree, chimeras, then most telescopes help people see things visually, then the claim that fire is revered as a visible symbol of the inner light that burns within each person has no merit. The claim that lipids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen molecules has no merit.
|
We know that the claim that if most oak trees lose all of their leaves in autumn , then fish oils provide the long-chain version, which helps to reduce cellular inflammation is false.
|
Given that most oak trees lose all of their leaves in autumn , it can be inferred that fish oils provide the long-chain version, which helps to reduce cellular inflammation.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then (Not [2].).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (Not [2].). [SC3-2]
Therefore, Not [2]..
[SC3-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [6] or (If (If [4], then [5].), then (Not [2].).).
Not [6].
Therefore, If (If [4], then [5].), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Most oak trees lose all of their leaves in autumn .', 1: 'Fish oils provide the long-chain version, which helps to reduce cellular inflammation.', 2: 'Fire is revered as a visible symbol of the inner light that burns within each person.', 3: 'Moral development is foundational to conscience formation.', 4: 'Laws govern the treatment of human employees, and to a lesser degree, chimeras.', 5: 'Most telescopes help people see things visually.', 6: 'Lipids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen molecules.'}
| 3 |
2,462 |
['It is not the case that dry ice is used as fuel for spacecraft.', 'Should it be the case that vertebrates are classified into fish, amphibians, reptiles , birds, and mammals, it follows that japanese banks offer regular and time deposits and checking accounts for businesses.', 'Provided that the statement, if japanese banks offer regular and time deposits and checking accounts for businesses, then dry ice is used as fuel for spacecraft, does not hold, we know that turkey has more protein per portion than chicken, beef or pork.', 'The claim that turkey has more protein per portion than chicken, beef or pork does not correspond with reality.']
|
It is not the case that dry ice is used as fuel for spacecraft. Should it be the case that vertebrates are classified into fish, amphibians, reptiles , birds, and mammals, it follows that japanese banks offer regular and time deposits and checking accounts for businesses. Provided that the statement, if japanese banks offer regular and time deposits and checking accounts for businesses, then dry ice is used as fuel for spacecraft, does not hold, we know that turkey has more protein per portion than chicken, beef or pork. The claim that turkey has more protein per portion than chicken, beef or pork does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement that states vertebrates are classified into fish, amphibians, reptiles , birds, and mammals is false.
|
Those that suggest vertebrates are classified into fish, amphibians, reptiles , birds, and mammals are right.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2].
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then [1].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Vertebrates are classified into fish, amphibians, reptiles , birds, and mammals.', 1: 'Dry ice is used as fuel for spacecraft.', 2: 'Japanese banks offer regular and time deposits and checking accounts for businesses.', 3: 'Turkey has more protein per portion than chicken, beef or pork.'}
| 3 |
2,356 |
['It is a fact that either either spot isa appearance or oil is pumped from the ground, refined, transported and stored or either financial analyses include statements or underwear can be outerwear.', 'When either financial analyses include statements or underwear can be outerwear is true, it follows that if myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack, then gold mining is for huge conglomerates and they are moving lots of earth to get it.', 'Should it be the case that either spot isa appearance or oil is pumped from the ground, refined, transported and stored, it follows that hearts have (part) leaflets.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: roses are beautiful and when they begin to bloom nothing is more beautiful, or fibrocartilage is present at the insertion of ligaments and tendons into bone.', 'Provided that roses are beautiful and when they begin to bloom nothing is more beautiful, we know that if hearts have (part) leaflets, then if myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack, then gold mining is for huge conglomerates and they are moving lots of earth to get it.', 'Provided that fibrocartilage is present at the insertion of ligaments and tendons into bone, we know that if hearts have (part) leaflets, then if myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack, then gold mining is for huge conglomerates and they are moving lots of earth to get it.']
|
It is a fact that either either spot isa appearance or oil is pumped from the ground, refined, transported and stored or either financial analyses include statements or underwear can be outerwear. When either financial analyses include statements or underwear can be outerwear is true, it follows that if myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack, then gold mining is for huge conglomerates and they are moving lots of earth to get it. Should it be the case that either spot isa appearance or oil is pumped from the ground, refined, transported and stored, it follows that hearts have (part) leaflets. We know that at least one of two things is true: roses are beautiful and when they begin to bloom nothing is more beautiful, or fibrocartilage is present at the insertion of ligaments and tendons into bone. Provided that roses are beautiful and when they begin to bloom nothing is more beautiful, we know that if hearts have (part) leaflets, then if myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack, then gold mining is for huge conglomerates and they are moving lots of earth to get it. Provided that fibrocartilage is present at the insertion of ligaments and tendons into bone, we know that if hearts have (part) leaflets, then if myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack, then gold mining is for huge conglomerates and they are moving lots of earth to get it.
|
On the condition that myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack, it is definitely the case that gold mining is for huge conglomerates and they are moving lots of earth to get it.
|
The statement, if myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack, then gold mining is for huge conglomerates and they are moving lots of earth to get it, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Either [4] or [5].).
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If [0], then [1].). [SC2-1]
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [6].
If [6], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [7] or [8].
If [7], then (If [6], then (If [0], then [1].).).
If [8], then (If [6], then (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, If [6], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack.', 1: 'Gold mining is for huge conglomerates and they are moving lots of earth to get it.', 2: 'Spot isa appearance.', 3: 'Oil is pumped from the ground, refined, transported and stored.', 4: 'Financial analyses include statements.', 5: 'Underwear can be outerwear.', 6: 'Hearts have (part) leaflets.', 7: 'Roses are beautiful and when they begin to bloom nothing is more beautiful.', 8: 'Fibrocartilage is present at the insertion of ligaments and tendons into bone.'}
| 3 |
2,002 |
['Should it be the case that passerine birds have a BMR higher than other birds and mammals, it follows that either accumulation has effects or focal neuropathy affects the eyes, facial muscles, hearing, pelvis, lower back, thigh and abdomen.', 'Once we know money is political, particularly in the modern world, we also know that either accumulation has effects or focal neuropathy affects the eyes, facial muscles, hearing, pelvis, lower back, thigh and abdomen.', 'It is a fact that either most male crabs live in water or either passerine birds have a BMR higher than other birds and mammals or money is political, particularly in the modern world.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: squirrels can become a nuisance, especially in urban areas, or it is a common misconception that most male crabs live in water.', 'The claim that squirrels can become a nuisance, especially in urban areas has no merit.']
|
Should it be the case that passerine birds have a BMR higher than other birds and mammals, it follows that either accumulation has effects or focal neuropathy affects the eyes, facial muscles, hearing, pelvis, lower back, thigh and abdomen. Once we know money is political, particularly in the modern world, we also know that either accumulation has effects or focal neuropathy affects the eyes, facial muscles, hearing, pelvis, lower back, thigh and abdomen. It is a fact that either most male crabs live in water or either passerine birds have a BMR higher than other birds and mammals or money is political, particularly in the modern world. Either one or both of these statements are true: squirrels can become a nuisance, especially in urban areas, or it is a common misconception that most male crabs live in water. The claim that squirrels can become a nuisance, especially in urban areas has no merit.
|
At least one of two things is true: accumulation has effects, or focal neuropathy affects the eyes, facial muscles, hearing, pelvis, lower back, thigh and abdomen.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: accumulation woulds have consequences, or focal neuropathy occurs most often in older people with mild diabetes.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Either [2] or [3].).
Not [4]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Not [4].).
Not [5].
Therefore, Not [4]..
|
{0: 'Accumulation has effects.', 1: 'Focal neuropathy affects the eyes, facial muscles, hearing, pelvis, lower back, thigh and abdomen.', 2: 'Passerine birds have a BMR higher than other birds and mammals.', 3: 'Money is political, particularly in the modern world.', 4: 'Most male crabs live in water.', 5: 'Squirrels can become a nuisance, especially in urban areas.'}
| 3 |
2,478 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: toxic gases can result in permanent health problems or sudden death, or either favored foods are high in calories and protein or guppies are bred for color, body size, and fin shape.', "Given that toxic gases can result in permanent health problems or sudden death, it can be inferred that if the notion that 'spiders hide in rooms' is untrue, then either personal property includes everything except real estate or some reproductive hazards can stop or slow the actual production of sperm.", "So long as either favored foods are high in calories and protein or guppies are bred for color, body size, and fin shape, 'if the notion that 'spiders hide in rooms' is untrue, then either personal property includes everything except real estate or some reproductive hazards can stop or slow the actual production of sperm' is true.", 'At least one of two things is true: either genes are made up of DNA, which codes for traits or brinjals belong to fish head curry dishes, or pressure increases with depth, be it in a water column or in rock.', "Assuming either genes are made up of DNA, which codes for traits or brinjals belong to fish head curry dishes, we know that if the notion that 'spiders hide in rooms' is untrue, then the statement 'either personal property includes everything except real estate or some reproductive hazards can stop or slow the actual production of sperm' can be considered false.", "If pressure increases with depth, be it in a water column or in rock, then if the notion that 'spiders hide in rooms' is untrue, then the statement 'either personal property includes everything except real estate or some reproductive hazards can stop or slow the actual production of sperm' can be considered false."]
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: toxic gases can result in permanent health problems or sudden death, or either favored foods are high in calories and protein or guppies are bred for color, body size, and fin shape. Given that toxic gases can result in permanent health problems or sudden death, it can be inferred that if the notion that 'spiders hide in rooms' is untrue, then either personal property includes everything except real estate or some reproductive hazards can stop or slow the actual production of sperm. So long as either favored foods are high in calories and protein or guppies are bred for color, body size, and fin shape, 'if the notion that 'spiders hide in rooms' is untrue, then either personal property includes everything except real estate or some reproductive hazards can stop or slow the actual production of sperm' is true. At least one of two things is true: either genes are made up of DNA, which codes for traits or brinjals belong to fish head curry dishes, or pressure increases with depth, be it in a water column or in rock. Assuming either genes are made up of DNA, which codes for traits or brinjals belong to fish head curry dishes, we know that if the notion that 'spiders hide in rooms' is untrue, then the statement 'either personal property includes everything except real estate or some reproductive hazards can stop or slow the actual production of sperm' can be considered false. If pressure increases with depth, be it in a water column or in rock, then if the notion that 'spiders hide in rooms' is untrue, then the statement 'either personal property includes everything except real estate or some reproductive hazards can stop or slow the actual production of sperm' can be considered false.
|
Those that suggest spiders hide in rooms are right.
|
Those that suggest spiders hide in rooms are right.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or (Either [7] or [8].).
If [6], then (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).
If (Either [7] or [8].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).
If [5], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Spiders hide in rooms.', 1: 'Personal property includes everything except real estate.', 2: 'Some reproductive hazards can stop or slow the actual production of sperm.', 3: 'Genes are made up of DNA, which codes for traits.', 4: 'Brinjals belong to fish head curry dishes.', 5: 'Pressure increases with depth, be it in a water column or in rock.', 6: 'Toxic gases can result in permanent health problems or sudden death.', 7: 'Favored foods are high in calories and protein.', 8: 'Guppies are bred for color, body size, and fin shape.'}
| 3 |
2,695 |
['On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that if women have slower stool transit time than men, and benefit from higher fiber intake, then antipersonnel mines kill and maim thousands and thousands of civilians each year, it is definitely the case that proprioception is intact in the distal extremeties.', 'The claim that proprioception is intact in the distal extremeties has no merit.', 'Either fingerprints are one of the characteristics that vary from person to person or coral reefs are important to our future.', 'Given that fingerprints are one of the characteristics that vary from person to person, it can be inferred that women have slower stool transit time than men, and benefit from higher fiber intake.', "So long as coral reefs are important to our future, 'women have slower stool transit time than men, and benefit from higher fiber intake' is true."]
|
On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that if women have slower stool transit time than men, and benefit from higher fiber intake, then antipersonnel mines kill and maim thousands and thousands of civilians each year, it is definitely the case that proprioception is intact in the distal extremeties. The claim that proprioception is intact in the distal extremeties has no merit. Either fingerprints are one of the characteristics that vary from person to person or coral reefs are important to our future. Given that fingerprints are one of the characteristics that vary from person to person, it can be inferred that women have slower stool transit time than men, and benefit from higher fiber intake. So long as coral reefs are important to our future, 'women have slower stool transit time than men, and benefit from higher fiber intake' is true.
|
It is rational to agree that antipersonnel mines kill and maim thousands and thousands of civilians each year.
|
Antipersonnel mines have little to no utility against forces mounted in armored vehicles.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Antipersonnel mines kill and maim thousands and thousands of civilians each year.', 1: 'Women have slower stool transit time than men, and benefit from higher fiber intake.', 2: 'Fingerprints are one of the characteristics that vary from person to person.', 3: 'Coral reefs are important to our future.', 4: 'Proprioception is intact in the distal extremeties.'}
| 3 |
2,253 |
['It is fair to say that emotional states become physical symptoms.', 'At least one of two things is true: smokers can cut their heart attack risk in half by giving up nicotine, or if emotional states become physical symptoms, then if telecommunication services are telecommunications companies, then grandpas have (part) nuclei.', "So long as smokers can cut their heart attack risk in half by giving up nicotine, 'if blue light has a shorter wavelength than red light, then sea levels are water levels' is true.", 'It is a common misconception that if blue light has a shorter wavelength than red light, then sea levels are water levels.']
|
It is fair to say that emotional states become physical symptoms. At least one of two things is true: smokers can cut their heart attack risk in half by giving up nicotine, or if emotional states become physical symptoms, then if telecommunication services are telecommunications companies, then grandpas have (part) nuclei. So long as smokers can cut their heart attack risk in half by giving up nicotine, 'if blue light has a shorter wavelength than red light, then sea levels are water levels' is true. It is a common misconception that if blue light has a shorter wavelength than red light, then sea levels are water levels.
|
Should it be the case that telecommunication services are telecommunications companies, it follows that grandpas have (part) nuclei.
|
The claim that if telecommunication services are telecommunications companies, then grandpas have (part) nuclei is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
[2]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [3], then (If [4], then [5].).
Not (If [4], then [5].).
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Telecommunication services are telecommunications companies.', 1: 'Grandpas have (part) nuclei.', 2: 'Emotional states become physical symptoms.', 3: 'Smokers can cut their heart attack risk in half by giving up nicotine.', 4: 'Blue light has a shorter wavelength than red light.', 5: 'Sea levels are water levels.'}
| 3 |
2,667 |
['There is good reason to believe that either older objects give off more light or expositors are intellectuals.', 'Provided that older objects give off more light, we know that if cold processing allows for the highest content of pure plant and flower essences, then if beta blockers can improve the function of the left ventricle , then roses do best in most habitats and can be found on all continents except for Antarctica.', 'One may reasonably assume that if expositors are intellectuals, then if cold processing allows for the highest content of pure plant and flower essences, then if beta blockers can improve the function of the left ventricle , then roses do best in most habitats and can be found on all continents except for Antarctica.', 'Assuming either unmanaged pain creates fear and anxiety or foots are walks, we know that cold processing allows for the highest content of pure plant and flower essences.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: unmanaged pain creates fear and anxiety, or foots are walks.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either older objects give off more light or expositors are intellectuals. Provided that older objects give off more light, we know that if cold processing allows for the highest content of pure plant and flower essences, then if beta blockers can improve the function of the left ventricle , then roses do best in most habitats and can be found on all continents except for Antarctica. One may reasonably assume that if expositors are intellectuals, then if cold processing allows for the highest content of pure plant and flower essences, then if beta blockers can improve the function of the left ventricle , then roses do best in most habitats and can be found on all continents except for Antarctica. Assuming either unmanaged pain creates fear and anxiety or foots are walks, we know that cold processing allows for the highest content of pure plant and flower essences. Either one or both of these statements are true: unmanaged pain creates fear and anxiety, or foots are walks.
|
Whenever it is true that beta blockers can improve the function of the left ventricle , 'roses do best in most habitats and can be found on all continents except for Antarctica' is true.
|
Whenever it is true that beta blockers can improve the function of the left ventricle , 'roses do best in most habitats and can be found on all continents except for Antarctica' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).
If [6], then (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [2].
Either [3] or [4].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Beta blockers can improve the function of the left ventricle .', 1: 'Roses do best in most habitats and can be found on all continents except for Antarctica.', 2: 'Cold processing allows for the highest content of pure plant and flower essences.', 3: 'Unmanaged pain creates fear and anxiety.', 4: 'Foots are walks.', 5: 'Older objects give off more light.', 6: 'Expositors are intellectuals.'}
| 3 |
2,085 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: sharks can be six inches long and yet fully matured, or most monozygotic twins are remarkably similar.', "On the condition that sharks can be six inches long and yet fully matured, it is definitely the case that if the statement 'either blister beetles can also be harmful, especially to livestock or hegelian logic teaches that for every thesis there is an antithesis' can be considered false, then hedgerows have (part) bases.", "Whenever it is true that most monozygotic twins are remarkably similar, 'if the statement 'either blister beetles can also be harmful, especially to livestock or hegelian logic teaches that for every thesis there is an antithesis' can be considered false, then hedgerows have (part) bases' is true.", 'Should it be the case that hedgerows have (part) bases, it follows that past behavior is a predictor of future behavior.', 'Those that suggest past behavior is a predictor of future behavior are wrong.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: sharks can be six inches long and yet fully matured, or most monozygotic twins are remarkably similar. On the condition that sharks can be six inches long and yet fully matured, it is definitely the case that if the statement 'either blister beetles can also be harmful, especially to livestock or hegelian logic teaches that for every thesis there is an antithesis' can be considered false, then hedgerows have (part) bases. Whenever it is true that most monozygotic twins are remarkably similar, 'if the statement 'either blister beetles can also be harmful, especially to livestock or hegelian logic teaches that for every thesis there is an antithesis' can be considered false, then hedgerows have (part) bases' is true. Should it be the case that hedgerows have (part) bases, it follows that past behavior is a predictor of future behavior. Those that suggest past behavior is a predictor of future behavior are wrong.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: blister beetles can also be harmful, especially to livestock, or hegelian logic teaches that for every thesis there is an antithesis.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: blister beetles can also be harmful, especially to livestock, or hegelian logic teaches that for every thesis there is an antithesis.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).
If [5], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Blister beetles can also be harmful, especially to livestock.', 1: 'Hegelian logic teaches that for every thesis there is an antithesis.', 2: 'Hedgerows have (part) bases.', 3: 'Past behavior is a predictor of future behavior.', 4: 'Sharks can be six inches long and yet fully matured.', 5: 'Most monozygotic twins are remarkably similar.'}
| 3 |
2,969 |
["Whenever it is true that some toxic contaminants attach onto particles and are carried with the sediments by water currents, 'a horse racing is a racing' is true.", 'At least one of two things is true: some people are afraid of cookies because they think they can pass on viruses, or dental implants have the capability to serve as substitutes for natural tooth roots.', "So long as some people are afraid of cookies because they think they can pass on viruses, 'either some toxic contaminants attach onto particles and are carried with the sediments by water currents or minute particles carry electrical charge' is true.", 'Provided that dental implants have the capability to serve as substitutes for natural tooth roots, we know that either some toxic contaminants attach onto particles and are carried with the sediments by water currents or minute particles carry electrical charge.', "Whenever it is true that the claim that if minute particles carry electrical charge, then a horse racing is a racing does not correspond with reality, 'legal philosophers ponder questions of justness' is true.", 'It is a common misconception that legal philosophers ponder questions of justness.']
|
Whenever it is true that some toxic contaminants attach onto particles and are carried with the sediments by water currents, 'a horse racing is a racing' is true. At least one of two things is true: some people are afraid of cookies because they think they can pass on viruses, or dental implants have the capability to serve as substitutes for natural tooth roots. So long as some people are afraid of cookies because they think they can pass on viruses, 'either some toxic contaminants attach onto particles and are carried with the sediments by water currents or minute particles carry electrical charge' is true. Provided that dental implants have the capability to serve as substitutes for natural tooth roots, we know that either some toxic contaminants attach onto particles and are carried with the sediments by water currents or minute particles carry electrical charge. Whenever it is true that the claim that if minute particles carry electrical charge, then a horse racing is a racing does not correspond with reality, 'legal philosophers ponder questions of justness' is true. It is a common misconception that legal philosophers ponder questions of justness.
|
It is fair to say that a horse racing is a racing.
|
The claim that a horse racing is a racing is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [5], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'A horse racing is a racing.', 1: 'Some toxic contaminants attach onto particles and are carried with the sediments by water currents.', 2: 'Minute particles carry electrical charge.', 3: 'Legal philosophers ponder questions of justness.', 4: 'Some people are afraid of cookies because they think they can pass on viruses.', 5: 'Dental implants have the capability to serve as substitutes for natural tooth roots.'}
| 3 |
2,075 |
['At least one of two things is true: if pigs ingest fecal matter, then moods can change profoundly in a short period to time, from excitability to tranquillity, or some people mistakenly believe that protons have positive charges, and electrons negative ones.', 'When if pigs ingest fecal matter, then moods can change profoundly in a short period to time, from excitability to tranquillity is true, it follows that horticultural oils are often effective and relatively safe on beneficial organisms.', "One may reasonably assume that if if pigs ingest fecal matter, then moods can change profoundly in a short period to time, from excitability to tranquillity, then internal displacement is the best measure of an engine's ability to deliver power efficiently.", "Provided that internal displacement is the best measure of an engine's ability to deliver power efficiently, we know that the claim that horticultural oils are often effective and relatively safe on beneficial organisms is false."]
|
At least one of two things is true: if pigs ingest fecal matter, then moods can change profoundly in a short period to time, from excitability to tranquillity, or some people mistakenly believe that protons have positive charges, and electrons negative ones. When if pigs ingest fecal matter, then moods can change profoundly in a short period to time, from excitability to tranquillity is true, it follows that horticultural oils are often effective and relatively safe on beneficial organisms. One may reasonably assume that if if pigs ingest fecal matter, then moods can change profoundly in a short period to time, from excitability to tranquillity, then internal displacement is the best measure of an engine's ability to deliver power efficiently. Provided that internal displacement is the best measure of an engine's ability to deliver power efficiently, we know that the claim that horticultural oils are often effective and relatively safe on beneficial organisms is false.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that protons have positive charges, and electrons negative ones.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that protons have positive charges, and electrons negative ones.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [4].
If [4], then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [3].)..
|
{0: 'Protons have positive charges, and electrons negative ones.', 1: 'Pigs ingest fecal matter.', 2: 'Moods can change profoundly in a short period to time, from excitability to tranquillity.', 3: 'Horticultural oils are often effective and relatively safe on beneficial organisms.', 4: "Internal displacement is the best measure of an engine's ability to deliver power efficiently."}
| 3 |
2,786 |
['One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that classical statistics is developed under the assumption that a data sample is completely observed, then some southern pine grows in countries.', 'One may reasonably assume that if some southern pine grows in countries, then most asian elephants have unique features.', 'If most asian elephants have unique features, then scientists use technology to experiment.', 'Provided that most asian elephants have unique features, we know that the claim that scientists use technology to experiment does not correspond with reality.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that classical statistics is developed under the assumption that a data sample is completely observed, then some southern pine grows in countries. One may reasonably assume that if some southern pine grows in countries, then most asian elephants have unique features. If most asian elephants have unique features, then scientists use technology to experiment. Provided that most asian elephants have unique features, we know that the claim that scientists use technology to experiment does not correspond with reality.
|
Those that suggest classical statistics is developed under the assumption that a data sample is completely observed are right.
|
Mythologies are terribly important in the life of societies and civilisations.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [2], then [3].
If [2], then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Classical statistics is developed under the assumption that a data sample is completely observed.', 1: 'Some southern pine grows in countries.', 2: 'Most asian elephants have unique features.', 3: 'Scientists use technology to experiment.'}
| 3 |
2,658 |
['Once we know the statement, wild proteas grow along the roads, does not hold, we also know that stained glass is an art form for an illiterate society.', 'Once we know stained glass is an art form for an illiterate society, we also know that doggy isa dog.', 'Assuming either perennial plants consist of leaves or elder abuse is when someone takes money on which the elderly person needs to live, we know that the claim that doggy isa dog does not reflect reality.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: perennial plants consist of leaves, or elder abuse is when someone takes money on which the elderly person needs to live.']
|
Once we know the statement, wild proteas grow along the roads, does not hold, we also know that stained glass is an art form for an illiterate society. Once we know stained glass is an art form for an illiterate society, we also know that doggy isa dog. Assuming either perennial plants consist of leaves or elder abuse is when someone takes money on which the elderly person needs to live, we know that the claim that doggy isa dog does not reflect reality. We know that at least one of two things is true: perennial plants consist of leaves, or elder abuse is when someone takes money on which the elderly person needs to live.
|
The claim that wild proteas grow along the roads is true.
|
Most desserts are high in sugar AND fat.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [4].
If [4], then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [1].).
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Wild proteas grow along the roads.', 1: 'Doggy isa dog.', 2: 'Perennial plants consist of leaves.', 3: 'Elder abuse is when someone takes money on which the elderly person needs to live.', 4: 'Stained glass is an art form for an illiterate society.'}
| 3 |
2,465 |
['Should it be the case that plants will have flowers, it follows that if grand pianos are pianos, then arrows have (part) sections.', 'It is true that cemeteries feature crypts for full-body burial and niches for cremation.', 'When cemeteries feature crypts for full-body burial and niches for cremation is true, it follows that crews to provide services.', 'Once we know crews to provide services, we also know that plants will have flowers.']
|
Should it be the case that plants will have flowers, it follows that if grand pianos are pianos, then arrows have (part) sections. It is true that cemeteries feature crypts for full-body burial and niches for cremation. When cemeteries feature crypts for full-body burial and niches for cremation is true, it follows that crews to provide services. Once we know crews to provide services, we also know that plants will have flowers.
|
When grand pianos are pianos is true, it follows that arrows have (part) sections.
|
It is a common misconception that if grand pianos are pianos, then arrows have (part) sections.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then [2]. [SC1-2]
[3]
Therefore, [2].
[SC1-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [3], then [4].
If [4], then [2].
Therefore, If [3], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Grand pianos are pianos.', 1: 'Arrows have (part) sections.', 2: 'Plants will have flowers.', 3: 'Cemeteries feature crypts for full-body burial and niches for cremation.', 4: 'Crews to provide services.'}
| 3 |
2,920 |
["Whenever it is true that either success comes to businesses that have the right strategy to survive and thrive or serviceberries are some of the earliest spring-blooming trees, 'if happiness is always a by-product of faith, then many bryophytes produce gemmae' is true.", 'We know that either success comes to businesses that have the right strategy to survive and thrive or serviceberries are some of the earliest spring-blooming trees.', 'We know that either crows can be a form adopted by fairies, usually with ill intent, and are therefore dreaded or some mechanisms involve in parasite resistance.', 'Provided that crows can be a form adopted by fairies, usually with ill intent, and are therefore dreaded, we know that happiness is always a by-product of faith.', "So long as some mechanisms involve in parasite resistance, 'happiness is always a by-product of faith' is true."]
|
Whenever it is true that either success comes to businesses that have the right strategy to survive and thrive or serviceberries are some of the earliest spring-blooming trees, 'if happiness is always a by-product of faith, then many bryophytes produce gemmae' is true. We know that either success comes to businesses that have the right strategy to survive and thrive or serviceberries are some of the earliest spring-blooming trees. We know that either crows can be a form adopted by fairies, usually with ill intent, and are therefore dreaded or some mechanisms involve in parasite resistance. Provided that crows can be a form adopted by fairies, usually with ill intent, and are therefore dreaded, we know that happiness is always a by-product of faith. So long as some mechanisms involve in parasite resistance, 'happiness is always a by-product of faith' is true.
|
It is reasonable to believe that many bryophytes produce gemmae.
|
The statement that states many bryophytes produce gemmae is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If [1], then [0].).
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then [1].
If [5], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Many bryophytes produce gemmae.', 1: 'Happiness is always a by-product of faith.', 2: 'Success comes to businesses that have the right strategy to survive and thrive.', 3: 'Serviceberries are some of the earliest spring-blooming trees.', 4: 'Crows can be a form adopted by fairies, usually with ill intent, and are therefore dreaded.', 5: 'Some mechanisms involve in parasite resistance.'}
| 3 |
2,038 |
['Should it be the case that some killer whales prey on calves, it follows that coachwhips eat mice, insects, lizards, small snakes and, occasionally, small birds.', 'The claim that an eukaryote is an organism does not reflect reality.', 'At least one of two things is true: piezoelectric actuators provide nanometer resolution, or either teams recommend goals or monetary indicators concentrate on economic data such as interest rates.', 'When piezoelectric actuators provide nanometer resolution is true, it follows that an eukaryote is an organism.', "So long as either teams recommend goals or monetary indicators concentrate on economic data such as interest rates, 'some killer whales prey on calves' is true."]
|
Should it be the case that some killer whales prey on calves, it follows that coachwhips eat mice, insects, lizards, small snakes and, occasionally, small birds. The claim that an eukaryote is an organism does not reflect reality. At least one of two things is true: piezoelectric actuators provide nanometer resolution, or either teams recommend goals or monetary indicators concentrate on economic data such as interest rates. When piezoelectric actuators provide nanometer resolution is true, it follows that an eukaryote is an organism. So long as either teams recommend goals or monetary indicators concentrate on economic data such as interest rates, 'some killer whales prey on calves' is true.
|
coachwhips eat mice, insects, lizards, small snakes and, occasionally, small birds.
|
Coachwhips eat mice, insects, lizards, small snakes and, occasionally, small birds.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].).
If [3], then [2].
If (Either [4] or [5].), then [1].
Therefore, Either [2] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Coachwhips eat mice, insects, lizards, small snakes and, occasionally, small birds.', 1: 'Some killer whales prey on calves.', 2: 'An eukaryote is an organism.', 3: 'Piezoelectric actuators provide nanometer resolution.', 4: 'Teams recommend goals.', 5: 'Monetary indicators concentrate on economic data such as interest rates.'}
| 3 |
2,944 |
['It is rational to believe that either cremations also are simpler than a traditional funeral and burial or sand pine is restricted to well-drained sandy ridges that burn infrequently.', "Whenever it is true that sand pine is restricted to well-drained sandy ridges that burn infrequently, 'the statement, genetic modification can be as safe as traditional breeding, does not hold' is true.", 'It is not true that either muskmelon plants take up water or copies serve purposes.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: propagation is by division as it comes into spring growth or by seed, or either boats have sails or motorcycles are used for transportation.', 'Provided that propagation is by division as it comes into spring growth or by seed, we know that either muskmelon plants take up water or copies serve purposes.', 'Once we know either boats have sails or motorcycles are used for transportation, we also know that if cremations also are simpler than a traditional funeral and burial, then the statement, genetic modification can be as safe as traditional breeding, does not hold.']
|
It is rational to believe that either cremations also are simpler than a traditional funeral and burial or sand pine is restricted to well-drained sandy ridges that burn infrequently. Whenever it is true that sand pine is restricted to well-drained sandy ridges that burn infrequently, 'the statement, genetic modification can be as safe as traditional breeding, does not hold' is true. It is not true that either muskmelon plants take up water or copies serve purposes. Either one or both of these statements are true: propagation is by division as it comes into spring growth or by seed, or either boats have sails or motorcycles are used for transportation. Provided that propagation is by division as it comes into spring growth or by seed, we know that either muskmelon plants take up water or copies serve purposes. Once we know either boats have sails or motorcycles are used for transportation, we also know that if cremations also are simpler than a traditional funeral and burial, then the statement, genetic modification can be as safe as traditional breeding, does not hold.
|
The statement, genetic modification can be as safe as traditional breeding, does not hold.
|
The statement, most genetic modifications make it easier to grow the crop, does not hold.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (If [1], then (Not [0].).). [SC1-2]
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [5] or (Either [6] or [7].).
If [5], then (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Either [6] or [7].), then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (If [1], then (Not [0].).)..
|
{0: 'Genetic modification can be as safe as traditional breeding.', 1: 'Cremations also are simpler than a traditional funeral and burial.', 2: 'Sand pine is restricted to well-drained sandy ridges that burn infrequently.', 3: 'Muskmelon plants take up water.', 4: 'Copies serve purposes.', 5: 'Propagation is by division as it comes into spring growth or by seed.', 6: 'Boats have sails.', 7: 'Motorcycles are used for transportation.'}
| 3 |
2,725 |
['Should it be the case that coral reefs surround most of the island, it follows that the claim that bears enjoy a similar diet for a short time in fall, but consume low-fat foods the rest of the year has no merit.', 'It is rational to believe that either important factors control distribution or if coral reefs surround most of the island, then bears enjoy a similar diet for a short time in fall, but consume low-fat foods the rest of the year.', "Whenever it is true that important factors control distribution, 'honeybees are native to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East' is true.", "So long as important factors control distribution, 'the statement that 'honeybees are native to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East' is incorrect' is true."]
|
Should it be the case that coral reefs surround most of the island, it follows that the claim that bears enjoy a similar diet for a short time in fall, but consume low-fat foods the rest of the year has no merit. It is rational to believe that either important factors control distribution or if coral reefs surround most of the island, then bears enjoy a similar diet for a short time in fall, but consume low-fat foods the rest of the year. Whenever it is true that important factors control distribution, 'honeybees are native to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East' is true. So long as important factors control distribution, 'the statement that 'honeybees are native to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East' is incorrect' is true.
|
The claim that coral reefs surround most of the island does not reflect reality.
|
The idea that coral reefs surround most of the island is true.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [2], then [3].
If [2], then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Coral reefs surround most of the island.', 1: 'Bears enjoy a similar diet for a short time in fall, but consume low-fat foods the rest of the year.', 2: 'Important factors control distribution.', 3: 'Honeybees are native to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.'}
| 3 |
2,436 |
['The claim that some water enters atmospheres has no merit.', "Whenever it is true that some people mistakenly believe that if the claim that suspension feeders strain plankton and tiny organic food particles from their surroundings does not reflect reality, then some water enters atmospheres, 'plant nutrients come from chemical soaps, washing powders, etc' is true.", 'On the condition that plant nutrients come from chemical soaps, washing powders, etc, it is definitely the case that compost contains a small percentage of the essential plant nutrients required by vegetables.', 'The statement, compost contains a small percentage of the essential plant nutrients required by vegetables, does not hold.']
|
The claim that some water enters atmospheres has no merit. Whenever it is true that some people mistakenly believe that if the claim that suspension feeders strain plankton and tiny organic food particles from their surroundings does not reflect reality, then some water enters atmospheres, 'plant nutrients come from chemical soaps, washing powders, etc' is true. On the condition that plant nutrients come from chemical soaps, washing powders, etc, it is definitely the case that compost contains a small percentage of the essential plant nutrients required by vegetables. The statement, compost contains a small percentage of the essential plant nutrients required by vegetables, does not hold.
|
It is reasonable to believe that suspension feeders strain plankton and tiny organic food particles from their surroundings.
|
Suspension feeders are rare among the larger organisms in the deep-sea benthos.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Suspension feeders strain plankton and tiny organic food particles from their surroundings.', 1: 'Some water enters atmospheres.', 2: 'Plant nutrients come from chemical soaps, washing powders, etc.', 3: 'Compost contains a small percentage of the essential plant nutrients required by vegetables.'}
| 3 |
2,140 |
['Given that most pandas have molar teeth, it can be inferred that those that suggest good data are data whose characteristics enable the research objectives to be met are wrong.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either a bell is a device or most animals have defects, then good data are data whose characteristics enable the research objectives to be met.', 'Given that some people mistakenly believe that if most pandas have molar teeth, then either a bell is a device or most animals have defects, it can be inferred that if damage causes malfunctions, then vintages are important for connoisseurs who want to store and collect wines.', 'Once we know some people mistakenly believe that if most pandas have molar teeth, then either a bell is a device or most animals have defects, we also know that the claim that if damage causes malfunctions, then vintages are important for connoisseurs who want to store and collect wines does not reflect reality.']
|
Given that most pandas have molar teeth, it can be inferred that those that suggest good data are data whose characteristics enable the research objectives to be met are wrong. One may reasonably assume that if either a bell is a device or most animals have defects, then good data are data whose characteristics enable the research objectives to be met. Given that some people mistakenly believe that if most pandas have molar teeth, then either a bell is a device or most animals have defects, it can be inferred that if damage causes malfunctions, then vintages are important for connoisseurs who want to store and collect wines. Once we know some people mistakenly believe that if most pandas have molar teeth, then either a bell is a device or most animals have defects, we also know that the claim that if damage causes malfunctions, then vintages are important for connoisseurs who want to store and collect wines does not reflect reality.
|
Those that suggest most pandas have molar teeth are wrong.
|
Those that suggest most pandas have molar teeth are right.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-2]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then (Either [2] or [3].).).), then (If [4], then [5].).
If (Not (If [0], then (Either [2] or [3].).).), then (Not (If [4], then [5].).).
Therefore, If [0], then (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Most pandas have molar teeth.', 1: 'Good data are data whose characteristics enable the research objectives to be met.', 2: 'A bell is a device.', 3: 'Most animals have defects.', 4: 'Damage causes malfunctions.', 5: 'Vintages are important for connoisseurs who want to store and collect wines.'}
| 3 |
2,818 |
['Provided that pets exhibit other abnormal behavior, we know that deer management is a long-term management objective.', "So long as deer management is a long-term management objective, 'systems can consist of organisms, machines, fundamental particles, ideas, and numbers' is true.", 'Once we know deposition leads to accumulation, we also know that it is not the case that systems can consist of organisms, machines, fundamental particles, ideas, and numbers.', 'It is fair to say that deposition leads to accumulation.']
|
Provided that pets exhibit other abnormal behavior, we know that deer management is a long-term management objective. So long as deer management is a long-term management objective, 'systems can consist of organisms, machines, fundamental particles, ideas, and numbers' is true. Once we know deposition leads to accumulation, we also know that it is not the case that systems can consist of organisms, machines, fundamental particles, ideas, and numbers. It is fair to say that deposition leads to accumulation.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that pets exhibit other abnormal behavior.
|
The statement 'pets exhibit other abnormal behavior' is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not [1].).
[3]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Pets exhibit other abnormal behavior.', 1: 'Systems can consist of organisms, machines, fundamental particles, ideas, and numbers.', 2: 'Deer management is a long-term management objective.', 3: 'Deposition leads to accumulation.'}
| 3 |
2,602 |
['Once we know the claim that if racial harassment is discrimination and it is illegal, then health insurance pays for the majority of medical costs when a person is sick or injured is false, we also know that some dogs have a natural instinct to help someone who is hunting.', 'The claim that some dogs have a natural instinct to help someone who is hunting is false.', "Whenever it is true that it is not true that if racial harassment is discrimination and it is illegal, then it is not the case that health insurance pays for the majority of medical costs when a person is sick or injured, 'either palms are woody monocots native to the tropics or a malpighian corpuscle is a capsule' is true.", 'Assuming it is not true that if racial harassment is discrimination and it is illegal, then it is not the case that health insurance pays for the majority of medical costs when a person is sick or injured, we know that it is not true that either palms are woody monocots native to the tropics or a malpighian corpuscle is a capsule.']
|
Once we know the claim that if racial harassment is discrimination and it is illegal, then health insurance pays for the majority of medical costs when a person is sick or injured is false, we also know that some dogs have a natural instinct to help someone who is hunting. The claim that some dogs have a natural instinct to help someone who is hunting is false. Whenever it is true that it is not true that if racial harassment is discrimination and it is illegal, then it is not the case that health insurance pays for the majority of medical costs when a person is sick or injured, 'either palms are woody monocots native to the tropics or a malpighian corpuscle is a capsule' is true. Assuming it is not true that if racial harassment is discrimination and it is illegal, then it is not the case that health insurance pays for the majority of medical costs when a person is sick or injured, we know that it is not true that either palms are woody monocots native to the tropics or a malpighian corpuscle is a capsule.
|
Those that suggest racial harassment is discrimination and it is illegal are wrong.
|
The statement 'racial harassment is discrimination and it is illegal' can be considered true.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Racial harassment is discrimination and it is illegal.', 1: 'Health insurance pays for the majority of medical costs when a person is sick or injured.', 2: 'Palms are woody monocots native to the tropics.', 3: 'A malpighian corpuscle is a capsule.', 4: 'Some dogs have a natural instinct to help someone who is hunting.'}
| 3 |
2,745 |
['If heavy infestations cause a lightening or yellowing of the leaves of infested plants, then depression feeds addiction and self-destruction.', 'Assuming the statement that states heavy infestations cause a lightening or yellowing of the leaves of infested plants is false, we know that the statement, flashes occur when the vitreous tugs on the sensitive retina tissue, does not hold.', 'Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if the statement that states heavy infestations cause a lightening or yellowing of the leaves of infested plants is false, then flashes occur when the vitreous tugs on the sensitive retina tissue, it follows that symbolisms are symbols.', 'When some people mistakenly believe that if the statement that states heavy infestations cause a lightening or yellowing of the leaves of infested plants is false, then flashes occur when the vitreous tugs on the sensitive retina tissue is true, it follows that the statement that states symbolisms are symbols is false.']
|
If heavy infestations cause a lightening or yellowing of the leaves of infested plants, then depression feeds addiction and self-destruction. Assuming the statement that states heavy infestations cause a lightening or yellowing of the leaves of infested plants is false, we know that the statement, flashes occur when the vitreous tugs on the sensitive retina tissue, does not hold. Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if the statement that states heavy infestations cause a lightening or yellowing of the leaves of infested plants is false, then flashes occur when the vitreous tugs on the sensitive retina tissue, it follows that symbolisms are symbols. When some people mistakenly believe that if the statement that states heavy infestations cause a lightening or yellowing of the leaves of infested plants is false, then flashes occur when the vitreous tugs on the sensitive retina tissue is true, it follows that the statement that states symbolisms are symbols is false.
|
The statement that states depression feeds addiction and self-destruction is right.
|
The statement that states depression feeds addiction and self-destruction is right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [2]. [SC1-2]
If (Not [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [1].), then [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not [1].), then [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [1].), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Depression feeds addiction and self-destruction.', 1: 'Heavy infestations cause a lightening or yellowing of the leaves of infested plants.', 2: 'Flashes occur when the vitreous tugs on the sensitive retina tissue.', 3: 'Symbolisms are symbols.'}
| 3 |
2,471 |
['If births is determined by multiplying Population by birth.fraction, then if vertical fins are used mainly for stabilization, then snakes have tips.', 'It is a simple truth that births is determined by multiplying Population by birth.fraction.', 'Once we know lamentations are expression, we also know that vertical fins are used mainly for stabilization.', 'The claim that lamentations are expression holds true.']
|
If births is determined by multiplying Population by birth.fraction, then if vertical fins are used mainly for stabilization, then snakes have tips. It is a simple truth that births is determined by multiplying Population by birth.fraction. Once we know lamentations are expression, we also know that vertical fins are used mainly for stabilization. The claim that lamentations are expression holds true.
|
It is reasonable to believe that snakes have tips.
|
It is reasonable to believe that snakes have tips.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
[2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then [1].
[3]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Snakes have tips.', 1: 'Vertical fins are used mainly for stabilization.', 2: 'Births is determined by multiplying Population by birth.fraction.', 3: 'Lamentations are expression.'}
| 3 |
2,342 |
['On the condition that fats are used in the plant almost exclusively as sources of energy and very little for construction, it is definitely the case that proteins are the common material of tendons, muscles, enzymes, etc.', 'One may reasonably assume that if preseptal cellulitis is an inflammation and infection of the eyelids, outside the orbital septum, then proteins are the common material of tendons, muscles, enzymes, etc.', 'Either some scent attracts beetles or either fats are used in the plant almost exclusively as sources of energy and very little for construction or preseptal cellulitis is an inflammation and infection of the eyelids, outside the orbital septum.', "It is rational to believe that either parents raise children or the statement that 'some scent attracts beetles' is incorrect.", 'The claim that parents raise children has no merit.']
|
On the condition that fats are used in the plant almost exclusively as sources of energy and very little for construction, it is definitely the case that proteins are the common material of tendons, muscles, enzymes, etc. One may reasonably assume that if preseptal cellulitis is an inflammation and infection of the eyelids, outside the orbital septum, then proteins are the common material of tendons, muscles, enzymes, etc. Either some scent attracts beetles or either fats are used in the plant almost exclusively as sources of energy and very little for construction or preseptal cellulitis is an inflammation and infection of the eyelids, outside the orbital septum. It is rational to believe that either parents raise children or the statement that 'some scent attracts beetles' is incorrect. The claim that parents raise children has no merit.
|
The claim that proteins are the common material of tendons, muscles, enzymes, etc is true.
|
The claim that proteins are the common material of tendons, muscles, enzymes, etc has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].).
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Not [3].).
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Proteins are the common material of tendons, muscles, enzymes, etc.', 1: 'Fats are used in the plant almost exclusively as sources of energy and very little for construction.', 2: 'Preseptal cellulitis is an inflammation and infection of the eyelids, outside the orbital septum.', 3: 'Some scent attracts beetles.', 4: 'Parents raise children.'}
| 3 |
2,416 |
['It is not the case that if income is income, then prevention is the best method to cure cancer.', "So long as some people mistakenly believe that either if income is income, then prevention is the best method to cure cancer or if black rhino calves stay with mothers, then scientists enter fields, 'we know that the claim that tree branches are naked is false' is true.", 'We know that either many industries rely on a ratio which measures inventory turnover rate or if raccoons use paws, then corn provides several essential nutrients.', 'Assuming many industries rely on a ratio which measures inventory turnover rate, we know that if some people mistakenly believe that either if income is income, then prevention is the best method to cure cancer or if black rhino calves stay with mothers, then scientists enter fields, then tree branches are naked.', 'If if raccoons use paws, then corn provides several essential nutrients, then if some people mistakenly believe that either if income is income, then prevention is the best method to cure cancer or if black rhino calves stay with mothers, then scientists enter fields, then tree branches are naked.']
|
It is not the case that if income is income, then prevention is the best method to cure cancer. So long as some people mistakenly believe that either if income is income, then prevention is the best method to cure cancer or if black rhino calves stay with mothers, then scientists enter fields, 'we know that the claim that tree branches are naked is false' is true. We know that either many industries rely on a ratio which measures inventory turnover rate or if raccoons use paws, then corn provides several essential nutrients. Assuming many industries rely on a ratio which measures inventory turnover rate, we know that if some people mistakenly believe that either if income is income, then prevention is the best method to cure cancer or if black rhino calves stay with mothers, then scientists enter fields, then tree branches are naked. If if raccoons use paws, then corn provides several essential nutrients, then if some people mistakenly believe that either if income is income, then prevention is the best method to cure cancer or if black rhino calves stay with mothers, then scientists enter fields, then tree branches are naked.
|
One may reasonably assume that if black rhino calves stay with mothers, then scientists enter fields.
|
When locations experience rise temperature is true, it follows that scientists enter fields.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [0], then [1].).).), then [4]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [0], then [1].).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or (If [6], then [7].).
If [5], then (If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [0], then [1].).).), then [4].).
If (If [6], then [7].), then (If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [0], then [1].).).), then [4].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [0], then [1].).).), then [4]..
|
{0: 'Black rhino calves stay with mothers.', 1: 'Scientists enter fields.', 2: 'Income is income.', 3: 'Prevention is the best method to cure cancer.', 4: 'Tree branches are naked.', 5: 'Many industries rely on a ratio which measures inventory turnover rate.', 6: 'Raccoons use paws.', 7: 'Corn provides several essential nutrients.'}
| 3 |
2,711 |
['One may reasonably assume that if some dog breeds retain rounded, floppy ears throughout life, then if physical intimacy can be the love wall for singles, then pups die from diseases, malnutrition and starvation, life in the wild can be difficult.', 'Assuming if physical intimacy can be the love wall for singles, then pups die from diseases, malnutrition and starvation, life in the wild can be difficult, we know that isles are located in churchs.', "On the condition that the notion that 'some dog breeds retain rounded, floppy ears throughout life' is untrue, it is definitely the case that important factors determine distribution.", "The notion that 'important factors determine distribution' is untrue."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if some dog breeds retain rounded, floppy ears throughout life, then if physical intimacy can be the love wall for singles, then pups die from diseases, malnutrition and starvation, life in the wild can be difficult. Assuming if physical intimacy can be the love wall for singles, then pups die from diseases, malnutrition and starvation, life in the wild can be difficult, we know that isles are located in churchs. On the condition that the notion that 'some dog breeds retain rounded, floppy ears throughout life' is untrue, it is definitely the case that important factors determine distribution. The notion that 'important factors determine distribution' is untrue.
|
It is reasonable to believe that isles are located in churchs.
|
The statement that states isles are located in churchs is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Isles are located in churchs.', 1: 'Some dog breeds retain rounded, floppy ears throughout life.', 2: 'Physical intimacy can be the love wall for singles.', 3: 'Pups die from diseases, malnutrition and starvation, life in the wild can be difficult.', 4: 'Important factors determine distribution.'}
| 3 |
2,557 |
['The claim that scientists possess quality has no merit.', 'Provided that porkers have (part) rib cages, we know that agility is essential to success in the current business world.', 'When culture is the core that defines nations is true, it follows that if if porkers have (part) rib cages, then agility is essential to success in the current business world, then either scientists possess quality or sneezes spray.', 'It is the case that culture is the core that defines nations.']
|
The claim that scientists possess quality has no merit. Provided that porkers have (part) rib cages, we know that agility is essential to success in the current business world. When culture is the core that defines nations is true, it follows that if if porkers have (part) rib cages, then agility is essential to success in the current business world, then either scientists possess quality or sneezes spray. It is the case that culture is the core that defines nations.
|
Many people rightly believe that sneezes spray.
|
Many people rightly believe that sneezes spray.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [1] or [0].). [SC1-2]
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [1] or [0].).).
[4]
Therefore, If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [1] or [0].)..
|
{0: 'Sneezes spray.', 1: 'Scientists possess quality.', 2: 'Porkers have (part) rib cages.', 3: 'Agility is essential to success in the current business world.', 4: 'Culture is the core that defines nations.'}
| 3 |
2,050 |
['Should it be the case that victims feel pain, it follows that if organs affect drug metabolism, then pseudoephedrine can be habit-forming at high doses.', 'Assuming it is not the case that victims feel pain, we know that if volcanism can occur through all stages of corona formation, then some carpet beetles are dark in color.', "One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'if it is not the case that victims feel pain, then the statement 'if volcanism can occur through all stages of corona formation, then some carpet beetles are dark in color' can be considered false' is untrue, then dollar stores are popular with consumers because they offer everyday low prices everyday.", "Provided that the notion that 'if it is not the case that victims feel pain, then the statement 'if volcanism can occur through all stages of corona formation, then some carpet beetles are dark in color' can be considered false' is untrue, we know that some people mistakenly believe that dollar stores are popular with consumers because they offer everyday low prices everyday."]
|
Should it be the case that victims feel pain, it follows that if organs affect drug metabolism, then pseudoephedrine can be habit-forming at high doses. Assuming it is not the case that victims feel pain, we know that if volcanism can occur through all stages of corona formation, then some carpet beetles are dark in color. One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'if it is not the case that victims feel pain, then the statement 'if volcanism can occur through all stages of corona formation, then some carpet beetles are dark in color' can be considered false' is untrue, then dollar stores are popular with consumers because they offer everyday low prices everyday. Provided that the notion that 'if it is not the case that victims feel pain, then the statement 'if volcanism can occur through all stages of corona formation, then some carpet beetles are dark in color' can be considered false' is untrue, we know that some people mistakenly believe that dollar stores are popular with consumers because they offer everyday low prices everyday.
|
When organs affect drug metabolism is true, it follows that pseudoephedrine can be habit-forming at high doses.
|
The statement, if organs affect drug metabolism, then pseudoephedrine can be habit-forming at high doses, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [2].), then (If [3], then [4].).
If (Not [2].), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).). [SC2-2]
Therefore, [2].
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [2].), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).).).), then [5].
If (Not (If (Not [2].), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).).).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, If (Not [2].), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).)..
|
{0: 'Organs affect drug metabolism.', 1: 'Pseudoephedrine can be habit-forming at high doses.', 2: 'Victims feel pain.', 3: 'Volcanism can occur through all stages of corona formation.', 4: 'Some carpet beetles are dark in color.', 5: 'Dollar stores are popular with consumers because they offer everyday low prices everyday.'}
| 3 |
2,162 |
['Provided that affected children appear to be females at birth, but they become masculinized at puberty, we know that skin spots with variations in color or irregular borders can sometimes be skin cancer.', "Should it be the case that the statement that 'either dry eyes occur when the tear glands produce too few tears or affected children appear to be females at birth, but they become masculinized at puberty' is incorrect, it follows that large mowers consume wavy green alfalfa, strewing it behind like a rug.", "So long as the statement that 'either dry eyes occur when the tear glands produce too few tears or affected children appear to be females at birth, but they become masculinized at puberty' is incorrect, 'the statement that 'large mowers consume wavy green alfalfa, strewing it behind like a rug' is incorrect' is true.", 'If water is the element of emotional energy in man, then if dry eyes occur when the tear glands produce too few tears, then skin spots with variations in color or irregular borders can sometimes be skin cancer.', "The statement 'water is the element of emotional energy in man' is true."]
|
Provided that affected children appear to be females at birth, but they become masculinized at puberty, we know that skin spots with variations in color or irregular borders can sometimes be skin cancer. Should it be the case that the statement that 'either dry eyes occur when the tear glands produce too few tears or affected children appear to be females at birth, but they become masculinized at puberty' is incorrect, it follows that large mowers consume wavy green alfalfa, strewing it behind like a rug. So long as the statement that 'either dry eyes occur when the tear glands produce too few tears or affected children appear to be females at birth, but they become masculinized at puberty' is incorrect, 'the statement that 'large mowers consume wavy green alfalfa, strewing it behind like a rug' is incorrect' is true. If water is the element of emotional energy in man, then if dry eyes occur when the tear glands produce too few tears, then skin spots with variations in color or irregular borders can sometimes be skin cancer. The statement 'water is the element of emotional energy in man' is true.
|
The statement 'skin spots with variations in color or irregular borders can sometimes be skin cancer' can be considered true.
|
Most skin consists of layers.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).
[4]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Skin spots with variations in color or irregular borders can sometimes be skin cancer.', 1: 'Dry eyes occur when the tear glands produce too few tears.', 2: 'Affected children appear to be females at birth, but they become masculinized at puberty.', 3: 'Large mowers consume wavy green alfalfa, strewing it behind like a rug.', 4: 'Water is the element of emotional energy in man.'}
| 3 |
2,765 |
['It is rational to believe that either t lymphocytes play a fundamental role in the initiation and regulation of inflammatory responses or most nicotine finds in tobacco.', 'Given that t lymphocytes play a fundamental role in the initiation and regulation of inflammatory responses, it can be inferred that if the claim that presta valves are skinny, metal, lighter and found on high-end bikes does not reflect reality, then either owls view the drug problem as one of drug abuse, addiction, and associated disease or black tea undergo several hours of oxidation before drying.', 'On the condition that most nicotine finds in tobacco, it is definitely the case that if the claim that presta valves are skinny, metal, lighter and found on high-end bikes does not reflect reality, then either owls view the drug problem as one of drug abuse, addiction, and associated disease or black tea undergo several hours of oxidation before drying.', 'It is a fact that either either chameleons feed on leaves or web design is a talent a lot of people have or if citrus is a problem when it comes to controlling populations, then frigates have (part) piston chambers.', 'Assuming either chameleons feed on leaves or web design is a talent a lot of people have, we know that it is not true that either owls view the drug problem as one of drug abuse, addiction, and associated disease or black tea undergo several hours of oxidation before drying.', 'Should it be the case that if citrus is a problem when it comes to controlling populations, then frigates have (part) piston chambers, it follows that it is not true that either owls view the drug problem as one of drug abuse, addiction, and associated disease or black tea undergo several hours of oxidation before drying.']
|
It is rational to believe that either t lymphocytes play a fundamental role in the initiation and regulation of inflammatory responses or most nicotine finds in tobacco. Given that t lymphocytes play a fundamental role in the initiation and regulation of inflammatory responses, it can be inferred that if the claim that presta valves are skinny, metal, lighter and found on high-end bikes does not reflect reality, then either owls view the drug problem as one of drug abuse, addiction, and associated disease or black tea undergo several hours of oxidation before drying. On the condition that most nicotine finds in tobacco, it is definitely the case that if the claim that presta valves are skinny, metal, lighter and found on high-end bikes does not reflect reality, then either owls view the drug problem as one of drug abuse, addiction, and associated disease or black tea undergo several hours of oxidation before drying. It is a fact that either either chameleons feed on leaves or web design is a talent a lot of people have or if citrus is a problem when it comes to controlling populations, then frigates have (part) piston chambers. Assuming either chameleons feed on leaves or web design is a talent a lot of people have, we know that it is not true that either owls view the drug problem as one of drug abuse, addiction, and associated disease or black tea undergo several hours of oxidation before drying. Should it be the case that if citrus is a problem when it comes to controlling populations, then frigates have (part) piston chambers, it follows that it is not true that either owls view the drug problem as one of drug abuse, addiction, and associated disease or black tea undergo several hours of oxidation before drying.
|
The idea that presta valves are skinny, metal, lighter and found on high-end bikes is true.
|
The idea that presta valves are skinny, metal, lighter and found on high-end bikes is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [7] or [8].
If [7], then (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).
If [8], then (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (If [5], then [6].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
If (If [5], then [6].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Presta valves are skinny, metal, lighter and found on high-end bikes.', 1: 'Owls view the drug problem as one of drug abuse, addiction, and associated disease.', 2: 'Black tea undergo several hours of oxidation before drying.', 3: 'Chameleons feed on leaves.', 4: 'Web design is a talent a lot of people have.', 5: 'Citrus is a problem when it comes to controlling populations.', 6: 'Frigates have (part) piston chambers.', 7: 'T lymphocytes play a fundamental role in the initiation and regulation of inflammatory responses.', 8: 'Most nicotine finds in tobacco.'}
| 3 |
2,856 |
["So long as some people mistakenly believe that if the statement that states either licensed midwives are independent practitioners with expertise in the care of healthy women or people recover from stress faster and more completely when exposed to natural outdoor environments is false, then spring surely is the time of year when soul is blossoming and body is awaking, 'color varies according to lighting conditions' is true.", 'Once we know some people mistakenly believe that if the statement that states either licensed midwives are independent practitioners with expertise in the care of healthy women or people recover from stress faster and more completely when exposed to natural outdoor environments is false, then spring surely is the time of year when soul is blossoming and body is awaking, we also know that the claim that color varies according to lighting conditions does not reflect reality.', 'Either if scientists develop theories about the way the world works, then smoke circles the intravenous and dissipates in fluorescent lights or a visual perception is a perception.', 'One may reasonably assume that if if scientists develop theories about the way the world works, then smoke circles the intravenous and dissipates in fluorescent lights, then the claim that spring surely is the time of year when soul is blossoming and body is awaking does not reflect reality.', 'On the condition that a visual perception is a perception, it is definitely the case that the claim that spring surely is the time of year when soul is blossoming and body is awaking does not reflect reality.']
|
So long as some people mistakenly believe that if the statement that states either licensed midwives are independent practitioners with expertise in the care of healthy women or people recover from stress faster and more completely when exposed to natural outdoor environments is false, then spring surely is the time of year when soul is blossoming and body is awaking, 'color varies according to lighting conditions' is true. Once we know some people mistakenly believe that if the statement that states either licensed midwives are independent practitioners with expertise in the care of healthy women or people recover from stress faster and more completely when exposed to natural outdoor environments is false, then spring surely is the time of year when soul is blossoming and body is awaking, we also know that the claim that color varies according to lighting conditions does not reflect reality. Either if scientists develop theories about the way the world works, then smoke circles the intravenous and dissipates in fluorescent lights or a visual perception is a perception. One may reasonably assume that if if scientists develop theories about the way the world works, then smoke circles the intravenous and dissipates in fluorescent lights, then the claim that spring surely is the time of year when soul is blossoming and body is awaking does not reflect reality. On the condition that a visual perception is a perception, it is definitely the case that the claim that spring surely is the time of year when soul is blossoming and body is awaking does not reflect reality.
|
At least one of two things is true: licensed midwives are independent practitioners with expertise in the care of healthy women, or people recover from stress faster and more completely when exposed to natural outdoor environments.
|
The claim that either licensed midwives are independent practitioners with expertise in the care of healthy women or people recover from stress faster and more completely when exposed to natural outdoor environments does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [4], then [5].) or [6].
If (If [4], then [5].), then (Not [2].).
If [6], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Licensed midwives are independent practitioners with expertise in the care of healthy women.', 1: 'People recover from stress faster and more completely when exposed to natural outdoor environments.', 2: 'Spring surely is the time of year when soul is blossoming and body is awaking.', 3: 'Color varies according to lighting conditions.', 4: 'Scientists develop theories about the way the world works.', 5: 'Smoke circles the intravenous and dissipates in fluorescent lights.', 6: 'A visual perception is a perception.'}
| 3 |
2,867 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: kestrels feed on insects, small rodents and birds, or if stone refers to rock, clay, mud or glass, then echidnas have (part) pedal extremities.', 'We know that the claim that kestrels feed on insects, small rodents and birds is false.', "If guineas have (part) sections, then the notion that 'echidnas have (part) pedal extremities' is untrue.", "The statement 'guineas have (part) sections' is true."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: kestrels feed on insects, small rodents and birds, or if stone refers to rock, clay, mud or glass, then echidnas have (part) pedal extremities. We know that the claim that kestrels feed on insects, small rodents and birds is false. If guineas have (part) sections, then the notion that 'echidnas have (part) pedal extremities' is untrue. The statement 'guineas have (part) sections' is true.
|
It is not the case that stone refers to rock, clay, mud or glass.
|
It is not the case that stone refers to rock, clay, mud or glass.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Stone refers to rock, clay, mud or glass.', 1: 'Echidnas have (part) pedal extremities.', 2: 'Guineas have (part) sections.', 3: 'Kestrels feed on insects, small rodents and birds.'}
| 3 |
2,524 |
['When the statement, calibration arises from uncertainty in modeling complex physical processes, does not hold is true, it follows that all ciliates have two kinds of nuclei.', 'The claim that same basic designs use instruments does not reflect reality.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: if transformed cells are atypical in many ways, then most trees grow on sites, or if all ciliates have two kinds of nuclei, then same basic designs use instruments.', 'It is not the case that if transformed cells are atypical in many ways, then most trees grow on sites.']
|
When the statement, calibration arises from uncertainty in modeling complex physical processes, does not hold is true, it follows that all ciliates have two kinds of nuclei. The claim that same basic designs use instruments does not reflect reality. Either one or both of these statements are true: if transformed cells are atypical in many ways, then most trees grow on sites, or if all ciliates have two kinds of nuclei, then same basic designs use instruments. It is not the case that if transformed cells are atypical in many ways, then most trees grow on sites.
|
The statement 'calibration arises from uncertainty in modeling complex physical processes' can be considered true.
|
Calibration is simply a term that describes a process of conforming to a standard.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Calibration arises from uncertainty in modeling complex physical processes.', 1: 'All ciliates have two kinds of nuclei.', 2: 'Same basic designs use instruments.', 3: 'Transformed cells are atypical in many ways.', 4: 'Most trees grow on sites.'}
| 3 |
2,443 |
['Once we know stomachs absorb materials, we also know that we know that the claim that adenoviruses have (part) corpi is false.', 'It is not the case that either seepage occurs when precipitation falls on the landscape and starts to soak into the ground or red tide contains a naturally occurring toxin dangerous to humans in high concentrations.', 'Assuming if oral corticosteroids can cause hypertension, then musical quotation is an ancient tradition, we know that either either seepage occurs when precipitation falls on the landscape and starts to soak into the ground or red tide contains a naturally occurring toxin dangerous to humans in high concentrations or if stomachs absorb materials, then adenoviruses have (part) corpi.', 'When oral corticosteroids can cause hypertension is true, it follows that musical quotation is an ancient tradition.']
|
Once we know stomachs absorb materials, we also know that we know that the claim that adenoviruses have (part) corpi is false. It is not the case that either seepage occurs when precipitation falls on the landscape and starts to soak into the ground or red tide contains a naturally occurring toxin dangerous to humans in high concentrations. Assuming if oral corticosteroids can cause hypertension, then musical quotation is an ancient tradition, we know that either either seepage occurs when precipitation falls on the landscape and starts to soak into the ground or red tide contains a naturally occurring toxin dangerous to humans in high concentrations or if stomachs absorb materials, then adenoviruses have (part) corpi. When oral corticosteroids can cause hypertension is true, it follows that musical quotation is an ancient tradition.
|
The claim that stomachs absorb materials is false.
|
It is true that stomachs absorb materials.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-2]
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [4], then [5].), then (Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (If [0], then [1].).).
If [4], then [5].
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Stomachs absorb materials.', 1: 'Adenoviruses have (part) corpi.', 2: 'Seepage occurs when precipitation falls on the landscape and starts to soak into the ground.', 3: 'Red tide contains a naturally occurring toxin dangerous to humans in high concentrations.', 4: 'Oral corticosteroids can cause hypertension.', 5: 'Musical quotation is an ancient tradition.'}
| 3 |
2,172 |
["It is rational to believe that either chefs are capable of cooks or psychologists say that such people have 'low arousal'.", 'If chefs are capable of cooks, then either either dogs show aggression for many different reasons and often for more than one reason or most ocelots have spots or the claim that arson robs communities of valuable tax base and citizens suffer higher insurance premiums and taxes does not reflect reality.', "Assuming psychologists say that such people have 'low arousal', we know that either either dogs show aggression for many different reasons and often for more than one reason or most ocelots have spots or the claim that arson robs communities of valuable tax base and citizens suffer higher insurance premiums and taxes does not reflect reality.", "So long as either dogs show aggression for many different reasons and often for more than one reason or most ocelots have spots, 'internet coupons represent one of the most recent advances in couponing' is true.", "On the condition that either dogs show aggression for many different reasons and often for more than one reason or most ocelots have spots, it is definitely the case that the notion that 'internet coupons represent one of the most recent advances in couponing' is untrue."]
|
It is rational to believe that either chefs are capable of cooks or psychologists say that such people have 'low arousal'. If chefs are capable of cooks, then either either dogs show aggression for many different reasons and often for more than one reason or most ocelots have spots or the claim that arson robs communities of valuable tax base and citizens suffer higher insurance premiums and taxes does not reflect reality. Assuming psychologists say that such people have 'low arousal', we know that either either dogs show aggression for many different reasons and often for more than one reason or most ocelots have spots or the claim that arson robs communities of valuable tax base and citizens suffer higher insurance premiums and taxes does not reflect reality. So long as either dogs show aggression for many different reasons and often for more than one reason or most ocelots have spots, 'internet coupons represent one of the most recent advances in couponing' is true. On the condition that either dogs show aggression for many different reasons and often for more than one reason or most ocelots have spots, it is definitely the case that the notion that 'internet coupons represent one of the most recent advances in couponing' is untrue.
|
The claim that arson robs communities of valuable tax base and citizens suffer higher insurance premiums and taxes does not reflect reality.
|
It is not true that arson can be a weapon for political purposes.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).).
If [5], then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).).
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Arson robs communities of valuable tax base and citizens suffer higher insurance premiums and taxes.', 1: 'Dogs show aggression for many different reasons and often for more than one reason.', 2: 'Most ocelots have spots.', 3: 'Internet coupons represent one of the most recent advances in couponing.', 4: 'Chefs are capable of cooks.', 5: "Psychologists say that such people have 'low arousal'."}
| 3 |
2,956 |
['It is a fact that either some honey badgers eat mice or if women are much more likely to talk about family and personal things when they bond, then it is a common misconception that lasers are used for laser printers.', 'The statement, some honey badgers eat mice, does not hold.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: tissue banks are businesses, and they have to make business decisions, or women are much more likely to talk about family and personal things when they bond.', 'The statement, tissue banks are businesses, and they have to make business decisions, does not hold.']
|
It is a fact that either some honey badgers eat mice or if women are much more likely to talk about family and personal things when they bond, then it is a common misconception that lasers are used for laser printers. The statement, some honey badgers eat mice, does not hold. Either one or both of these statements are true: tissue banks are businesses, and they have to make business decisions, or women are much more likely to talk about family and personal things when they bond. The statement, tissue banks are businesses, and they have to make business decisions, does not hold.
|
It is a common misconception that lasers are used for laser printers.
|
It is a common misconception that lasers are used for laser printers.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Lasers are used for laser printers.', 1: 'Women are much more likely to talk about family and personal things when they bond.', 2: 'Tissue banks are businesses, and they have to make business decisions.', 3: 'Some honey badgers eat mice.'}
| 3 |
2,330 |
["It is rational to believe that either nitrous oxide is the most alarming of the east lobe's wealth of nitrogen-based chemicals or extinction events play major roles.", "Provided that nitrous oxide is the most alarming of the east lobe's wealth of nitrogen-based chemicals, we know that all cats are non-dogs.", 'We know that the claim that otolaryngologists are physicians who treat ear, nose and throat conditions is false.', 'It is rational to believe that either arrows also show the direction of various forms of energy or if molecules have different behaviors in different circumstances or surroundings, then most insects have one or two pairs of wings.', 'Assuming arrows also show the direction of various forms of energy, we know that otolaryngologists are physicians who treat ear, nose and throat conditions.', "Whenever it is true that if molecules have different behaviors in different circumstances or surroundings, then most insects have one or two pairs of wings, 'if extinction events play major roles, then all cats are non-dogs' is true."]
|
It is rational to believe that either nitrous oxide is the most alarming of the east lobe's wealth of nitrogen-based chemicals or extinction events play major roles. Provided that nitrous oxide is the most alarming of the east lobe's wealth of nitrogen-based chemicals, we know that all cats are non-dogs. We know that the claim that otolaryngologists are physicians who treat ear, nose and throat conditions is false. It is rational to believe that either arrows also show the direction of various forms of energy or if molecules have different behaviors in different circumstances or surroundings, then most insects have one or two pairs of wings. Assuming arrows also show the direction of various forms of energy, we know that otolaryngologists are physicians who treat ear, nose and throat conditions. Whenever it is true that if molecules have different behaviors in different circumstances or surroundings, then most insects have one or two pairs of wings, 'if extinction events play major roles, then all cats are non-dogs' is true.
|
The statement 'all cats are non-dogs' can be considered true.
|
The statement, all cats are non-dogs, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].). [SC1-2]
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [4] or (If [5], then [6].).
If [4], then [3].
If (If [5], then [6].), then (If [2], then [0].).
Therefore, Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].)..
|
{0: 'All cats are non-dogs.', 1: "Nitrous oxide is the most alarming of the east lobe's wealth of nitrogen-based chemicals.", 2: 'Extinction events play major roles.', 3: 'Otolaryngologists are physicians who treat ear, nose and throat conditions.', 4: 'Arrows also show the direction of various forms of energy.', 5: 'Molecules have different behaviors in different circumstances or surroundings.', 6: 'Most insects have one or two pairs of wings.'}
| 3 |
2,352 |
['One may reasonably assume that if some nerve fibre is part of arms, then those that suggest foundations are part of structures are wrong.', 'Should it be the case that the claim that either papular urticaria is rare in the first year of life or some nerve fibre is part of arms does not correspond with reality, it follows that dullness is stupidity.', "Once we know the claim that either papular urticaria is rare in the first year of life or some nerve fibre is part of arms does not correspond with reality, we also know that the statement that 'dullness is stupidity' is incorrect.", 'Should it be the case that the claim that if papular urticaria is rare in the first year of life, then those that suggest foundations are part of structures are wrong does not reflect reality, it follows that mistrust is a trait.', "One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if papular urticaria is rare in the first year of life, then those that suggest foundations are part of structures are wrong does not reflect reality, then the statement that 'mistrust is a trait' is incorrect."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if some nerve fibre is part of arms, then those that suggest foundations are part of structures are wrong. Should it be the case that the claim that either papular urticaria is rare in the first year of life or some nerve fibre is part of arms does not correspond with reality, it follows that dullness is stupidity. Once we know the claim that either papular urticaria is rare in the first year of life or some nerve fibre is part of arms does not correspond with reality, we also know that the statement that 'dullness is stupidity' is incorrect. Should it be the case that the claim that if papular urticaria is rare in the first year of life, then those that suggest foundations are part of structures are wrong does not reflect reality, it follows that mistrust is a trait. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if papular urticaria is rare in the first year of life, then those that suggest foundations are part of structures are wrong does not reflect reality, then the statement that 'mistrust is a trait' is incorrect.
|
Those that suggest foundations are part of structures are wrong.
|
Those that suggest foundations are part of structures are wrong.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [4].
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [3].
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Foundations are part of structures.', 1: 'Papular urticaria is rare in the first year of life.', 2: 'Some nerve fibre is part of arms.', 3: 'Mistrust is a trait.', 4: 'Dullness is stupidity.'}
| 3 |
2,857 |
["Whenever it is true that the claim that either many marriages have daily rituals that continue to be meaningful or uprooted trees slow the stream down and create pools does not correspond with reality, 'we know that the claim that some predators make pheromone is false' is true.", 'When drought decreases the availability and abundance of the natural food supply is true, it follows that some predators make pheromone.', "So long as most individuals lose weight, 'if the claim that either many marriages have daily rituals that continue to be meaningful or uprooted trees slow the stream down and create pools does not correspond with reality, then drought decreases the availability and abundance of the natural food supply' is true.", 'It is rational to agree that most individuals lose weight.']
|
Whenever it is true that the claim that either many marriages have daily rituals that continue to be meaningful or uprooted trees slow the stream down and create pools does not correspond with reality, 'we know that the claim that some predators make pheromone is false' is true. When drought decreases the availability and abundance of the natural food supply is true, it follows that some predators make pheromone. So long as most individuals lose weight, 'if the claim that either many marriages have daily rituals that continue to be meaningful or uprooted trees slow the stream down and create pools does not correspond with reality, then drought decreases the availability and abundance of the natural food supply' is true. It is rational to agree that most individuals lose weight.
|
At least one of two things is true: many marriages have daily rituals that continue to be meaningful, or uprooted trees slow the stream down and create pools.
|
It is not true that either many marriages have daily rituals that continue to be meaningful or uprooted trees slow the stream down and create pools.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then [2].
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [3].).
[4]
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [3]..
|
{0: 'Many marriages have daily rituals that continue to be meaningful.', 1: 'Uprooted trees slow the stream down and create pools.', 2: 'Some predators make pheromone.', 3: 'Drought decreases the availability and abundance of the natural food supply.', 4: 'Most individuals lose weight.'}
| 3 |
2,766 |
['Once we know we know that the claim that if most lizards are small and somewhat repulsive, then consoles are software is false, we also know that complexity is the quantity of environmental information present in a landscape.', "So long as we know that the claim that if most lizards are small and somewhat repulsive, then consoles are software is false, 'the statement that 'complexity is the quantity of environmental information present in a landscape' is incorrect' is true.", 'Either botulinum toxin is used for focal dystonia or stratocumulus clouds are large and lumpy, round or rolled-looking, and often cover the entire sky.', 'On the condition that botulinum toxin is used for focal dystonia, it is definitely the case that most lizards are small and somewhat repulsive.', 'On the condition that stratocumulus clouds are large and lumpy, round or rolled-looking, and often cover the entire sky, it is definitely the case that most lizards are small and somewhat repulsive.']
|
Once we know we know that the claim that if most lizards are small and somewhat repulsive, then consoles are software is false, we also know that complexity is the quantity of environmental information present in a landscape. So long as we know that the claim that if most lizards are small and somewhat repulsive, then consoles are software is false, 'the statement that 'complexity is the quantity of environmental information present in a landscape' is incorrect' is true. Either botulinum toxin is used for focal dystonia or stratocumulus clouds are large and lumpy, round or rolled-looking, and often cover the entire sky. On the condition that botulinum toxin is used for focal dystonia, it is definitely the case that most lizards are small and somewhat repulsive. On the condition that stratocumulus clouds are large and lumpy, round or rolled-looking, and often cover the entire sky, it is definitely the case that most lizards are small and somewhat repulsive.
|
We can assume that consoles are software.
|
The claim that consoles are software does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [4].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Consoles are software.', 1: 'Most lizards are small and somewhat repulsive.', 2: 'Botulinum toxin is used for focal dystonia.', 3: 'Stratocumulus clouds are large and lumpy, round or rolled-looking, and often cover the entire sky.', 4: 'Complexity is the quantity of environmental information present in a landscape.'}
| 3 |
2,039 |
['The statement, either style is an imaginative alternative to ideas such as identity and self or toilets are located in restaurants, does not hold.', 'Either a narcotic is a drug or chronic infections are by no means the sole reason for the development of atherosclerosis.', 'One may reasonably assume that if a narcotic is a drug, then if some people mistakenly believe that if vents spout hot water from the ocean floor and support unique organisms and ecosystems, then earthworms range in size from a few inches long to over five feet long, then either style is an imaginative alternative to ideas such as identity and self or toilets are located in restaurants.', 'When ionizing radiation is electromagnetic radiation is true, it follows that if chronic infections are by no means the sole reason for the development of atherosclerosis, then if some people mistakenly believe that if vents spout hot water from the ocean floor and support unique organisms and ecosystems, then earthworms range in size from a few inches long to over five feet long, then either style is an imaginative alternative to ideas such as identity and self or toilets are located in restaurants.', 'It is reasonable to believe that ionizing radiation is electromagnetic radiation.']
|
The statement, either style is an imaginative alternative to ideas such as identity and self or toilets are located in restaurants, does not hold. Either a narcotic is a drug or chronic infections are by no means the sole reason for the development of atherosclerosis. One may reasonably assume that if a narcotic is a drug, then if some people mistakenly believe that if vents spout hot water from the ocean floor and support unique organisms and ecosystems, then earthworms range in size from a few inches long to over five feet long, then either style is an imaginative alternative to ideas such as identity and self or toilets are located in restaurants. When ionizing radiation is electromagnetic radiation is true, it follows that if chronic infections are by no means the sole reason for the development of atherosclerosis, then if some people mistakenly believe that if vents spout hot water from the ocean floor and support unique organisms and ecosystems, then earthworms range in size from a few inches long to over five feet long, then either style is an imaginative alternative to ideas such as identity and self or toilets are located in restaurants. It is reasonable to believe that ionizing radiation is electromagnetic radiation.
|
So long as vents spout hot water from the ocean floor and support unique organisms and ecosystems, 'earthworms range in size from a few inches long to over five feet long' is true.
|
Should it be the case that vents spout hot water from the ocean floor and support unique organisms and ecosystems, it follows that most earthworms take food.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).).
If [5], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].)..
[SC3-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (If [5], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).).).
[6]
Therefore, If [5], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).)..
|
{0: 'Vents spout hot water from the ocean floor and support unique organisms and ecosystems.', 1: 'Earthworms range in size from a few inches long to over five feet long.', 2: 'Style is an imaginative alternative to ideas such as identity and self.', 3: 'Toilets are located in restaurants.', 4: 'A narcotic is a drug.', 5: 'Chronic infections are by no means the sole reason for the development of atherosclerosis.', 6: 'Ionizing radiation is electromagnetic radiation.'}
| 3 |
2,852 |
["There is good reason to believe that either either hydrofluoric acid is extremely potent and dangerous or nymphs tend to move sideways and quickly retreat to the opposite side of the leaf when disturbed or if if krill move backwards by using their tails, then millipedes are long-lived and easy to care for, then those that suggest if psychoanalysts think that persistant lying is a 'bad thing', then electric trains are trains that run by electricity and are guided by a cable overhead are wrong.", 'The claim that either hydrofluoric acid is extremely potent and dangerous or nymphs tend to move sideways and quickly retreat to the opposite side of the leaf when disturbed does not correspond with reality.', "So long as krill move backwards by using their tails, 'most species have only one generation per year' is true.", 'On the condition that most species have only one generation per year, it is definitely the case that millipedes are long-lived and easy to care for.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either either hydrofluoric acid is extremely potent and dangerous or nymphs tend to move sideways and quickly retreat to the opposite side of the leaf when disturbed or if if krill move backwards by using their tails, then millipedes are long-lived and easy to care for, then those that suggest if psychoanalysts think that persistant lying is a 'bad thing', then electric trains are trains that run by electricity and are guided by a cable overhead are wrong. The claim that either hydrofluoric acid is extremely potent and dangerous or nymphs tend to move sideways and quickly retreat to the opposite side of the leaf when disturbed does not correspond with reality. So long as krill move backwards by using their tails, 'most species have only one generation per year' is true. On the condition that most species have only one generation per year, it is definitely the case that millipedes are long-lived and easy to care for.
|
Those that suggest if psychoanalysts think that persistant lying is a 'bad thing', then electric trains are trains that run by electricity and are guided by a cable overhead are wrong.
|
Once we know psychoanalysts think that persistant lying is a 'bad thing', we also know that electric trains are trains that run by electricity and are guided by a cable overhead.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC1-1]
If [2], then [3]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [5] or [6].) or (If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
Not (Either [5] or [6].).
Therefore, If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [4].
If [4], then [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [3]..
|
{0: "Psychoanalysts think that persistant lying is a 'bad thing'.", 1: 'Electric trains are trains that run by electricity and are guided by a cable overhead.', 2: 'Krill move backwards by using their tails.', 3: 'Millipedes are long-lived and easy to care for.', 4: 'Most species have only one generation per year.', 5: 'Hydrofluoric acid is extremely potent and dangerous.', 6: 'Nymphs tend to move sideways and quickly retreat to the opposite side of the leaf when disturbed.'}
| 3 |
2,875 |
['On the condition that it is not true that bilbies have (part) vacuoles, it is definitely the case that open interest is an indicator of how much interest there is in the contract.', 'The claim that some horses walk on bones is false.', 'There is good reason to believe that either peregrines now breed in many mountainous and coastal areas, especially in the west and north or if pandas have a thumb-like appendage which has evolved from a wrist bone on each forepaw, then technology is a human creation.', 'Once we know peregrines now breed in many mountainous and coastal areas, especially in the west and north, we also know that if open interest is an indicator of how much interest there is in the contract, then some horses walk on bones.', 'Once we know if pandas have a thumb-like appendage which has evolved from a wrist bone on each forepaw, then technology is a human creation, we also know that if open interest is an indicator of how much interest there is in the contract, then some horses walk on bones.']
|
On the condition that it is not true that bilbies have (part) vacuoles, it is definitely the case that open interest is an indicator of how much interest there is in the contract. The claim that some horses walk on bones is false. There is good reason to believe that either peregrines now breed in many mountainous and coastal areas, especially in the west and north or if pandas have a thumb-like appendage which has evolved from a wrist bone on each forepaw, then technology is a human creation. Once we know peregrines now breed in many mountainous and coastal areas, especially in the west and north, we also know that if open interest is an indicator of how much interest there is in the contract, then some horses walk on bones. Once we know if pandas have a thumb-like appendage which has evolved from a wrist bone on each forepaw, then technology is a human creation, we also know that if open interest is an indicator of how much interest there is in the contract, then some horses walk on bones.
|
It is the case that bilbies have (part) vacuoles.
|
Those that suggest bilbies have (part) vacuoles are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then (If [1], then [2].).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Bilbies have (part) vacuoles.', 1: 'Open interest is an indicator of how much interest there is in the contract.', 2: 'Some horses walk on bones.', 3: 'Peregrines now breed in many mountainous and coastal areas, especially in the west and north.', 4: 'Pandas have a thumb-like appendage which has evolved from a wrist bone on each forepaw.', 5: 'Technology is a human creation.'}
| 3 |
2,156 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: jobs require numbers, or tall oil is a by product of pulping.', 'One may reasonably assume that if jobs require numbers, then every community has different measures of sustainability.', "One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'if tall oil is a by product of pulping, then every community has different measures of sustainability' is untrue, then flatworms have both male and female reproductive body parts.", "Assuming it is not the case that if the notion that 'if tall oil is a by product of pulping, then every community has different measures of sustainability' is untrue, then some people mistakenly believe that flatworms have both male and female reproductive body parts, we know that ethnic groups differ in how tightly they are organized.", 'The statement that states ethnic groups differ in how tightly they are organized is false.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: jobs require numbers, or tall oil is a by product of pulping. One may reasonably assume that if jobs require numbers, then every community has different measures of sustainability. One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'if tall oil is a by product of pulping, then every community has different measures of sustainability' is untrue, then flatworms have both male and female reproductive body parts. Assuming it is not the case that if the notion that 'if tall oil is a by product of pulping, then every community has different measures of sustainability' is untrue, then some people mistakenly believe that flatworms have both male and female reproductive body parts, we know that ethnic groups differ in how tightly they are organized. The statement that states ethnic groups differ in how tightly they are organized is false.
|
We can assume that every community has different measures of sustainability.
|
Most communities contain individuals.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Not [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Not [3].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Not [3].)..
|
{0: 'Every community has different measures of sustainability.', 1: 'Jobs require numbers.', 2: 'Tall oil is a by product of pulping.', 3: 'Flatworms have both male and female reproductive body parts.', 4: 'Ethnic groups differ in how tightly they are organized.'}
| 3 |
2,222 |
["At least one of two things is true: weather is what it's like outside each day, or if either herbs are very powerful medicinal foods when grown, harvested and processed properly or some massive creatures have wings, then time is the same as the motion of celestial objects in Mayan culture.", "The statement 'weather is what it's like outside each day' can be considered false.", 'Provided that the statement that states either herbs are very powerful medicinal foods when grown, harvested and processed properly or some massive creatures have wings is false, we know that honey is especially good as a base for light wines with fruit flavors.', 'On the condition that the statement that states either herbs are very powerful medicinal foods when grown, harvested and processed properly or some massive creatures have wings is false, it is definitely the case that it is a common misconception that honey is especially good as a base for light wines with fruit flavors.']
|
At least one of two things is true: weather is what it's like outside each day, or if either herbs are very powerful medicinal foods when grown, harvested and processed properly or some massive creatures have wings, then time is the same as the motion of celestial objects in Mayan culture. The statement 'weather is what it's like outside each day' can be considered false. Provided that the statement that states either herbs are very powerful medicinal foods when grown, harvested and processed properly or some massive creatures have wings is false, we know that honey is especially good as a base for light wines with fruit flavors. On the condition that the statement that states either herbs are very powerful medicinal foods when grown, harvested and processed properly or some massive creatures have wings is false, it is definitely the case that it is a common misconception that honey is especially good as a base for light wines with fruit flavors.
|
The statement that states time is the same as the motion of celestial objects in Mayan culture is right.
|
Time refers to the speed of movements.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]. [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].).
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Time is the same as the motion of celestial objects in Mayan culture.', 1: 'Herbs are very powerful medicinal foods when grown, harvested and processed properly.', 2: 'Some massive creatures have wings.', 3: 'Honey is especially good as a base for light wines with fruit flavors.', 4: "Weather is what it's like outside each day."}
| 3 |
2,641 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: orangs devote most of their day to foraging for food, or experience promotes growth.', "So long as experience promotes growth, 'legumes are particularly rich in proteins and minerals' is true.", "Should it be the case that the statement 'if orangs devote most of their day to foraging for food, then legumes are particularly rich in proteins and minerals' can be considered false, it follows that falcons lay eggs.", 'Should it be the case that falcons lay eggs, it follows that histamine is heat-stable and survives thermal processing.', 'It is not true that histamine is heat-stable and survives thermal processing.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: orangs devote most of their day to foraging for food, or experience promotes growth. So long as experience promotes growth, 'legumes are particularly rich in proteins and minerals' is true. Should it be the case that the statement 'if orangs devote most of their day to foraging for food, then legumes are particularly rich in proteins and minerals' can be considered false, it follows that falcons lay eggs. Should it be the case that falcons lay eggs, it follows that histamine is heat-stable and survives thermal processing. It is not true that histamine is heat-stable and survives thermal processing.
|
It is true that legumes are particularly rich in proteins and minerals.
|
Legume isa climber.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [3].
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [3], then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Legumes are particularly rich in proteins and minerals.', 1: 'Orangs devote most of their day to foraging for food.', 2: 'Experience promotes growth.', 3: 'Falcons lay eggs.', 4: 'Histamine is heat-stable and survives thermal processing.'}
| 3 |
2,210 |
["Either one or both of these statements are true: either wastages are decrease or marriage is then a contract between two families, or the notion that 'circulation begins with oxygenated blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein' is untrue.", 'One may reasonably assume that if either wastages are decrease or marriage is then a contract between two families, then most giant birds prey on large animals.', 'There is good reason to believe that either emotions are feelings that influence behavior and that have physiological and cognitive elements or cell wall is outermost layer, which is rigid and consists of two layers.', 'Provided that emotions are feelings that influence behavior and that have physiological and cognitive elements, we know that it is not true that most giant birds prey on large animals.', 'Given that cell wall is outermost layer, which is rigid and consists of two layers, it can be inferred that it is not true that most giant birds prey on large animals.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: either wastages are decrease or marriage is then a contract between two families, or the notion that 'circulation begins with oxygenated blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein' is untrue. One may reasonably assume that if either wastages are decrease or marriage is then a contract between two families, then most giant birds prey on large animals. There is good reason to believe that either emotions are feelings that influence behavior and that have physiological and cognitive elements or cell wall is outermost layer, which is rigid and consists of two layers. Provided that emotions are feelings that influence behavior and that have physiological and cognitive elements, we know that it is not true that most giant birds prey on large animals. Given that cell wall is outermost layer, which is rigid and consists of two layers, it can be inferred that it is not true that most giant birds prey on large animals.
|
The notion that 'circulation begins with oxygenated blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein' is untrue.
|
Many people rightly believe that circulation begins with oxygenated blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [3].
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Not [3].).
If [5], then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Circulation begins with oxygenated blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein.', 1: 'Wastages are decrease.', 2: 'Marriage is then a contract between two families.', 3: 'Most giant birds prey on large animals.', 4: 'Emotions are feelings that influence behavior and that have physiological and cognitive elements.', 5: 'Cell wall is outermost layer, which is rigid and consists of two layers.'}
| 3 |
2,746 |
["Whenever it is true that wheels move easily over any surface, even up and down stairs, 'greek yogurt provides proteins' is true.", 'Should it be the case that the claim that if wheels move easily over any surface, even up and down stairs, then the statement that states greek yogurt provides proteins is false does not reflect reality, it follows that some glands produce hormone adrenaline.', 'On the condition that some glands produce hormone adrenaline, it is definitely the case that if most snakes are nocturnal because of their hunting habits, then existence is what is invariably present in all the processes of knowing.', 'It is not true that if most snakes are nocturnal because of their hunting habits, then existence is what is invariably present in all the processes of knowing.']
|
Whenever it is true that wheels move easily over any surface, even up and down stairs, 'greek yogurt provides proteins' is true. Should it be the case that the claim that if wheels move easily over any surface, even up and down stairs, then the statement that states greek yogurt provides proteins is false does not reflect reality, it follows that some glands produce hormone adrenaline. On the condition that some glands produce hormone adrenaline, it is definitely the case that if most snakes are nocturnal because of their hunting habits, then existence is what is invariably present in all the processes of knowing. It is not true that if most snakes are nocturnal because of their hunting habits, then existence is what is invariably present in all the processes of knowing.
|
The statement that 'wheels move easily over any surface, even up and down stairs' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'wheels move easily over any surface, even up and down stairs' is incorrect.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then (If [3], then [4].).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Wheels move easily over any surface, even up and down stairs.', 1: 'Greek yogurt provides proteins.', 2: 'Some glands produce hormone adrenaline.', 3: 'Most snakes are nocturnal because of their hunting habits.', 4: 'Existence is what is invariably present in all the processes of knowing.'}
| 3 |
2,960 |
["Whenever it is true that muscle is contractile tissue and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells, 'if it is not the case that natural yarns absorb moisture at the source - in the toe and heel areas, then if natural air is ionized in equal amounts of positive and negative ions, then sea urchins are grazers and eat seaweed' is true.", 'It is fair to say that muscle is contractile tissue and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.', "Provided that the statement 'if it is not the case that natural yarns absorb moisture at the source - in the toe and heel areas, then the claim that if natural air is ionized in equal amounts of positive and negative ions, then sea urchins are grazers and eat seaweed has no merit' can be considered false, we know that education plays a central role in pollution prevention.", "Provided that the statement 'if it is not the case that natural yarns absorb moisture at the source - in the toe and heel areas, then the claim that if natural air is ionized in equal amounts of positive and negative ions, then sea urchins are grazers and eat seaweed has no merit' can be considered false, we know that it is not the case that education plays a central role in pollution prevention."]
|
Whenever it is true that muscle is contractile tissue and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells, 'if it is not the case that natural yarns absorb moisture at the source - in the toe and heel areas, then if natural air is ionized in equal amounts of positive and negative ions, then sea urchins are grazers and eat seaweed' is true. It is fair to say that muscle is contractile tissue and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Provided that the statement 'if it is not the case that natural yarns absorb moisture at the source - in the toe and heel areas, then the claim that if natural air is ionized in equal amounts of positive and negative ions, then sea urchins are grazers and eat seaweed has no merit' can be considered false, we know that education plays a central role in pollution prevention. Provided that the statement 'if it is not the case that natural yarns absorb moisture at the source - in the toe and heel areas, then the claim that if natural air is ionized in equal amounts of positive and negative ions, then sea urchins are grazers and eat seaweed has no merit' can be considered false, we know that it is not the case that education plays a central role in pollution prevention.
|
It is the case that natural yarns absorb moisture at the source - in the toe and heel areas.
|
The statement that 'natural yarns absorb moisture at the source - in the toe and heel areas' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).).
[4]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Natural yarns absorb moisture at the source - in the toe and heel areas.', 1: 'Natural air is ionized in equal amounts of positive and negative ions.', 2: 'Sea urchins are grazers and eat seaweed.', 3: 'Education plays a central role in pollution prevention.', 4: 'Muscle is contractile tissue and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.'}
| 3 |
2,700 |
['The claim that chain reaction is chemical reaction is false.', 'Provided that it is a common misconception that either chain reaction is chemical reaction or platelets are tiny blood cells formed in the bone marrow, we know that the claim that ethics is a subdiscipline of philosophy that studies right and wrong does not correspond with reality.', 'Given that people are mortal, since they die, it can be inferred that if it is a common misconception that either chain reaction is chemical reaction or platelets are tiny blood cells formed in the bone marrow, then ethics is a subdiscipline of philosophy that studies right and wrong.', 'people are mortal, since they die.']
|
The claim that chain reaction is chemical reaction is false. Provided that it is a common misconception that either chain reaction is chemical reaction or platelets are tiny blood cells formed in the bone marrow, we know that the claim that ethics is a subdiscipline of philosophy that studies right and wrong does not correspond with reality. Given that people are mortal, since they die, it can be inferred that if it is a common misconception that either chain reaction is chemical reaction or platelets are tiny blood cells formed in the bone marrow, then ethics is a subdiscipline of philosophy that studies right and wrong. people are mortal, since they die.
|
It is rational to agree that platelets are tiny blood cells formed in the bone marrow.
|
Platelets attach to the atheroma.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].).
[3]
Therefore, If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Platelets are tiny blood cells formed in the bone marrow.', 1: 'Chain reaction is chemical reaction.', 2: 'Ethics is a subdiscipline of philosophy that studies right and wrong.', 3: 'People are mortal, since they die.'}
| 3 |
2,167 |
['When scams involving export of jewels occur in India, which target foreign citizens is true, it follows that either either many mental states seem to be experienced subjectively in different ways by different individuals or lead poisoning remains a major worldwide threat to environmental health and sustainable development or endotoxins are cell wall constituents of bacteria that are absorbed in the gut.', 'Those that suggest scams involving export of jewels occur in India, which target foreign citizens are right.', "Whenever it is true that either many mental states seem to be experienced subjectively in different ways by different individuals or lead poisoning remains a major worldwide threat to environmental health and sustainable development, 'cell phones are wireless phones' is true.", "The statement that 'cell phones are wireless phones' is incorrect."]
|
When scams involving export of jewels occur in India, which target foreign citizens is true, it follows that either either many mental states seem to be experienced subjectively in different ways by different individuals or lead poisoning remains a major worldwide threat to environmental health and sustainable development or endotoxins are cell wall constituents of bacteria that are absorbed in the gut. Those that suggest scams involving export of jewels occur in India, which target foreign citizens are right. Whenever it is true that either many mental states seem to be experienced subjectively in different ways by different individuals or lead poisoning remains a major worldwide threat to environmental health and sustainable development, 'cell phones are wireless phones' is true. The statement that 'cell phones are wireless phones' is incorrect.
|
The statement 'endotoxins are cell wall constituents of bacteria that are absorbed in the gut' is true.
|
The statement 'endotoxins are cell wall constituents of bacteria that are absorbed in the gut' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].).
[4]
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Endotoxins are cell wall constituents of bacteria that are absorbed in the gut.', 1: 'Many mental states seem to be experienced subjectively in different ways by different individuals.', 2: 'Lead poisoning remains a major worldwide threat to environmental health and sustainable development.', 3: 'Cell phones are wireless phones.', 4: 'Scams involving export of jewels occur in India, which target foreign citizens.'}
| 3 |
2,998 |
["It is rational to believe that either cups are located in kitchens or either either most brush fire destroys food sources or bluetongue is a serious economic disease, particularly of sheep or the statement that 'either prokaryotes have flagella or nanoelectromechanical systems begin to flex their muscles' is incorrect.", 'It is not true that cups are located in kitchens.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: chocolate passion is a widespread emotional state, or some mammals establish large colonies.', 'Assuming chocolate passion is a widespread emotional state, we know that the claim that either most brush fire destroys food sources or bluetongue is a serious economic disease, particularly of sheep does not reflect reality.', "Whenever it is true that some mammals establish large colonies, 'the claim that either most brush fire destroys food sources or bluetongue is a serious economic disease, particularly of sheep does not reflect reality' is true."]
|
It is rational to believe that either cups are located in kitchens or either either most brush fire destroys food sources or bluetongue is a serious economic disease, particularly of sheep or the statement that 'either prokaryotes have flagella or nanoelectromechanical systems begin to flex their muscles' is incorrect. It is not true that cups are located in kitchens. We know that at least one of two things is true: chocolate passion is a widespread emotional state, or some mammals establish large colonies. Assuming chocolate passion is a widespread emotional state, we know that the claim that either most brush fire destroys food sources or bluetongue is a serious economic disease, particularly of sheep does not reflect reality. Whenever it is true that some mammals establish large colonies, 'the claim that either most brush fire destroys food sources or bluetongue is a serious economic disease, particularly of sheep does not reflect reality' is true.
|
The statement that 'either prokaryotes have flagella or nanoelectromechanical systems begin to flex their muscles' is incorrect.
|
The claim that prokaryotes have membranes is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [6] or (Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).).
Not [6].
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
If [5], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Prokaryotes have flagella.', 1: 'Nanoelectromechanical systems begin to flex their muscles.', 2: 'Most brush fire destroys food sources.', 3: 'Bluetongue is a serious economic disease, particularly of sheep.', 4: 'Chocolate passion is a widespread emotional state.', 5: 'Some mammals establish large colonies.', 6: 'Cups are located in kitchens.'}
| 3 |
2,984 |
['Once we know the claim that parasites cause the intestines to become permeable resulting in food allergies does not correspond with reality, we also know that breadcrumb isa indefinite quantity.', 'On the condition that the claim that parasites cause the intestines to become permeable resulting in food allergies does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that either horses are equines or most koalas eat eucalyptus leaves.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: pollen does get to fertilize the polar nuclei, which in turn provide food for the embryo, or spiders are located in meadows.', 'One may reasonably assume that if pollen does get to fertilize the polar nuclei, which in turn provide food for the embryo, then if either horses are equines or most koalas eat eucalyptus leaves, then the claim that breadcrumb isa indefinite quantity has no merit.', 'When spiders are located in meadows is true, it follows that if either horses are equines or most koalas eat eucalyptus leaves, then the claim that breadcrumb isa indefinite quantity has no merit.']
|
Once we know the claim that parasites cause the intestines to become permeable resulting in food allergies does not correspond with reality, we also know that breadcrumb isa indefinite quantity. On the condition that the claim that parasites cause the intestines to become permeable resulting in food allergies does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that either horses are equines or most koalas eat eucalyptus leaves. Either one or both of these statements are true: pollen does get to fertilize the polar nuclei, which in turn provide food for the embryo, or spiders are located in meadows. One may reasonably assume that if pollen does get to fertilize the polar nuclei, which in turn provide food for the embryo, then if either horses are equines or most koalas eat eucalyptus leaves, then the claim that breadcrumb isa indefinite quantity has no merit. When spiders are located in meadows is true, it follows that if either horses are equines or most koalas eat eucalyptus leaves, then the claim that breadcrumb isa indefinite quantity has no merit.
|
It is the case that parasites cause the intestines to become permeable resulting in food allergies.
|
The claim that parasites cause the intestines to become permeable resulting in food allergies does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [1].).).
If [5], then (If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Parasites cause the intestines to become permeable resulting in food allergies.', 1: 'Breadcrumb isa indefinite quantity.', 2: 'Horses are equines.', 3: 'Most koalas eat eucalyptus leaves.', 4: 'Pollen does get to fertilize the polar nuclei, which in turn provide food for the embryo.', 5: 'Spiders are located in meadows.'}
| 3 |
2,491 |
['Assuming it is not true that if some people mistakenly believe that either many species become stationary when fully developed or using computers types, then humans can learn discernment through feelings, we know that softball players are workers.', "So long as it is not true that if some people mistakenly believe that either many species become stationary when fully developed or using computers types, then humans can learn discernment through feelings, 'it is not true that softball players are workers' is true.", "So long as humans can learn discernment through feelings, 'most back injuries are the result of lifting, pushing, and pulling over a long period of time' is true.", 'The statement, most back injuries are the result of lifting, pushing, and pulling over a long period of time, does not hold.']
|
Assuming it is not true that if some people mistakenly believe that either many species become stationary when fully developed or using computers types, then humans can learn discernment through feelings, we know that softball players are workers. So long as it is not true that if some people mistakenly believe that either many species become stationary when fully developed or using computers types, then humans can learn discernment through feelings, 'it is not true that softball players are workers' is true. So long as humans can learn discernment through feelings, 'most back injuries are the result of lifting, pushing, and pulling over a long period of time' is true. The statement, most back injuries are the result of lifting, pushing, and pulling over a long period of time, does not hold.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: many species become stationary when fully developed, or using computers types.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that either many species become stationary when fully developed or using computers types.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Many species become stationary when fully developed.', 1: 'Using computers types.', 2: 'Humans can learn discernment through feelings.', 3: 'Softball players are workers.', 4: 'Most back injuries are the result of lifting, pushing, and pulling over a long period of time.'}
| 3 |
2,010 |
['Those that suggest seawater has many advantages as an alternate, non-traditional source for coastal areas are wrong.', "So long as some people mistakenly believe that either seawater has many advantages as an alternate, non-traditional source for coastal areas or stress hormones cause fat to build around the organs, 'we know that the claim that racism is a poison that can succeed in dividing workers is false' is true.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: parrots have strong, curved beaks, or if some people mistakenly believe that either seawater has many advantages as an alternate, non-traditional source for coastal areas or stress hormones cause fat to build around the organs, then racism is a poison that can succeed in dividing workers.', 'The claim that parrots have strong, curved beaks does not correspond with reality.']
|
Those that suggest seawater has many advantages as an alternate, non-traditional source for coastal areas are wrong. So long as some people mistakenly believe that either seawater has many advantages as an alternate, non-traditional source for coastal areas or stress hormones cause fat to build around the organs, 'we know that the claim that racism is a poison that can succeed in dividing workers is false' is true. Either one or both of these statements are true: parrots have strong, curved beaks, or if some people mistakenly believe that either seawater has many advantages as an alternate, non-traditional source for coastal areas or stress hormones cause fat to build around the organs, then racism is a poison that can succeed in dividing workers. The claim that parrots have strong, curved beaks does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that stress hormones cause fat to build around the organs is true.
|
The statement, stress hormones cause fat to build around the organs, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Stress hormones cause fat to build around the organs.', 1: 'Seawater has many advantages as an alternate, non-traditional source for coastal areas.', 2: 'Racism is a poison that can succeed in dividing workers.', 3: 'Parrots have strong, curved beaks.'}
| 3 |
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