id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
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stringclasses 3
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stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
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int64 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,785 |
['Should it be the case that most timber trees produce edible nuts, it follows that birch trees are deciduous and the wood burns hot and fast, as if soaked with oil or kerosene.', 'Provided that the claim that either companies are institutions or most timber trees produce edible nuts is false, we know that if bites are wounds, then otters typically hunt by diving and chasing fish, or by digging in the bottom of ponds and streams.', 'It is not true that if bites are wounds, then otters typically hunt by diving and chasing fish, or by digging in the bottom of ponds and streams.', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that if companies are institutions, then birch trees are deciduous and the wood burns hot and fast, as if soaked with oil or kerosene, then corn is located in dinner.', 'We know that the claim that corn is located in dinner is false.']
|
Should it be the case that most timber trees produce edible nuts, it follows that birch trees are deciduous and the wood burns hot and fast, as if soaked with oil or kerosene. Provided that the claim that either companies are institutions or most timber trees produce edible nuts is false, we know that if bites are wounds, then otters typically hunt by diving and chasing fish, or by digging in the bottom of ponds and streams. It is not true that if bites are wounds, then otters typically hunt by diving and chasing fish, or by digging in the bottom of ponds and streams. One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that if companies are institutions, then birch trees are deciduous and the wood burns hot and fast, as if soaked with oil or kerosene, then corn is located in dinner. We know that the claim that corn is located in dinner is false.
|
It is true that birch trees are deciduous and the wood burns hot and fast, as if soaked with oil or kerosene.
|
Birch trees are deciduous plants.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (If [4], then [5].).
Not (If [4], then [5].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Birch trees are deciduous and the wood burns hot and fast, as if soaked with oil or kerosene.', 1: 'Companies are institutions.', 2: 'Most timber trees produce edible nuts.', 3: 'Corn is located in dinner.', 4: 'Bites are wounds.', 5: 'Otters typically hunt by diving and chasing fish, or by digging in the bottom of ponds and streams.'}
| 3 |
2,873 |
['It is a common misconception that if rotaviruses are species, then b cells produce substances called antibodies.', 'We can assume that wood is plywood, mahogany, limewood and walnut.', 'Should it be the case that some tail fins are part of mullets, it follows that if wood is plywood, mahogany, limewood and walnut, then either if rotaviruses are species, then b cells produce substances called antibodies or most astronomers study different phenomena.', 'The idea that some tail fins are part of mullets is true.']
|
It is a common misconception that if rotaviruses are species, then b cells produce substances called antibodies. We can assume that wood is plywood, mahogany, limewood and walnut. Should it be the case that some tail fins are part of mullets, it follows that if wood is plywood, mahogany, limewood and walnut, then either if rotaviruses are species, then b cells produce substances called antibodies or most astronomers study different phenomena. The idea that some tail fins are part of mullets is true.
|
most astronomers study different phenomena.
|
Astronomers use a technique called parallax to precisely measure to distance to stars in the sky.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].). [SC1-2]
[3]
Therefore, Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [3], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).).
[4]
Therefore, If [3], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].)..
|
{0: 'Most astronomers study different phenomena.', 1: 'Rotaviruses are species.', 2: 'B cells produce substances called antibodies.', 3: 'Wood is plywood, mahogany, limewood and walnut.', 4: 'Some tail fins are part of mullets.'}
| 3 |
2,065 |
["If if most medical treatments reduce mortality, then active transport is especially important in maintaining proper ion concentrations inside cells, then the statement that 'if women tend to develop slower thyroids as they age, then many injuries are common to both walking and running' is incorrect.", "On the condition that some stamens are part of poppies, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'if women tend to develop slower thyroids as they age, then many injuries are common to both walking and running' is incorrect.", 'When the claim that either if most medical treatments reduce mortality, then active transport is especially important in maintaining proper ion concentrations inside cells or some stamens are part of poppies does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that the claim that some marijuana causes cell abnormalities does not correspond with reality.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: some beta decay produces particles, or some dead dolphins wash up on east coast beaches.', 'Should it be the case that some beta decay produces particles, it follows that if the claim that either if most medical treatments reduce mortality, then active transport is especially important in maintaining proper ion concentrations inside cells or some stamens are part of poppies does not correspond with reality, then some marijuana causes cell abnormalities.', 'On the condition that some dead dolphins wash up on east coast beaches, it is definitely the case that if the claim that either if most medical treatments reduce mortality, then active transport is especially important in maintaining proper ion concentrations inside cells or some stamens are part of poppies does not correspond with reality, then some marijuana causes cell abnormalities.']
|
If if most medical treatments reduce mortality, then active transport is especially important in maintaining proper ion concentrations inside cells, then the statement that 'if women tend to develop slower thyroids as they age, then many injuries are common to both walking and running' is incorrect. On the condition that some stamens are part of poppies, it is definitely the case that the statement that 'if women tend to develop slower thyroids as they age, then many injuries are common to both walking and running' is incorrect. When the claim that either if most medical treatments reduce mortality, then active transport is especially important in maintaining proper ion concentrations inside cells or some stamens are part of poppies does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that the claim that some marijuana causes cell abnormalities does not correspond with reality. Either one or both of these statements are true: some beta decay produces particles, or some dead dolphins wash up on east coast beaches. Should it be the case that some beta decay produces particles, it follows that if the claim that either if most medical treatments reduce mortality, then active transport is especially important in maintaining proper ion concentrations inside cells or some stamens are part of poppies does not correspond with reality, then some marijuana causes cell abnormalities. On the condition that some dead dolphins wash up on east coast beaches, it is definitely the case that if the claim that either if most medical treatments reduce mortality, then active transport is especially important in maintaining proper ion concentrations inside cells or some stamens are part of poppies does not correspond with reality, then some marijuana causes cell abnormalities.
|
The statement that 'if women tend to develop slower thyroids as they age, then many injuries are common to both walking and running' is incorrect.
|
Given that women tend to develop slower thyroids as they age, it can be inferred that many injuries are common to both walking and running.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4]. [SC1-1]
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
If [4], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].).), then [5]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].).), then [5].).
If [7], then (If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].).), then [5].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].).), then [5]..
|
{0: 'Women tend to develop slower thyroids as they age.', 1: 'Many injuries are common to both walking and running.', 2: 'Most medical treatments reduce mortality.', 3: 'Active transport is especially important in maintaining proper ion concentrations inside cells.', 4: 'Some stamens are part of poppies.', 5: 'Some marijuana causes cell abnormalities.', 6: 'Some beta decay produces particles.', 7: 'Some dead dolphins wash up on east coast beaches.'}
| 3 |
2,902 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: some horseflies carry viruses, or either plate isa tableware or some animals eat anteaters.', 'It is a common misconception that some horseflies carry viruses.', 'Either ethanol helps prevent wintertime problems by acting as a gas-line antifreeze or either some methane gases contribute to effects or sponsorship is one branch of sports marketing.', "So long as ethanol helps prevent wintertime problems by acting as a gas-line antifreeze, 'the claim that plate isa tableware does not reflect reality' is true.", 'When either some methane gases contribute to effects or sponsorship is one branch of sports marketing is true, it follows that the claim that plate isa tableware does not reflect reality.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: some horseflies carry viruses, or either plate isa tableware or some animals eat anteaters. It is a common misconception that some horseflies carry viruses. Either ethanol helps prevent wintertime problems by acting as a gas-line antifreeze or either some methane gases contribute to effects or sponsorship is one branch of sports marketing. So long as ethanol helps prevent wintertime problems by acting as a gas-line antifreeze, 'the claim that plate isa tableware does not reflect reality' is true. When either some methane gases contribute to effects or sponsorship is one branch of sports marketing is true, it follows that the claim that plate isa tableware does not reflect reality.
|
The statement 'some animals eat anteaters' can be considered true.
|
Animals are multicellular organisms composed of eukaryotic cells.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not [5].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Some animals eat anteaters.', 1: 'Plate isa tableware.', 2: 'Ethanol helps prevent wintertime problems by acting as a gas-line antifreeze.', 3: 'Some methane gases contribute to effects.', 4: 'Sponsorship is one branch of sports marketing.', 5: 'Some horseflies carry viruses.'}
| 3 |
2,317 |
['It is not the case that if inspections improve security, then smokers also have a higher frequency of respiratory illnesses than nonsmokers do.', 'Either children can also graph data on shapes and sizes or projection is defined as the distance the cup extends from the rib cage.', 'Provided that children can also graph data on shapes and sizes, we know that if the claim that religions promote variation in language, dress, and familial culture is false, then if inspections improve security, then smokers also have a higher frequency of respiratory illnesses than nonsmokers do.', 'Once we know the claim that if projection is defined as the distance the cup extends from the rib cage, then if the claim that religions promote variation in language, dress, and familial culture is false, then if inspections improve security, then smokers also have a higher frequency of respiratory illnesses than nonsmokers do does not reflect reality, we also know that women are more likely to die of heart attack than of any other cause.', 'It is not true that women are more likely to die of heart attack than of any other cause.']
|
It is not the case that if inspections improve security, then smokers also have a higher frequency of respiratory illnesses than nonsmokers do. Either children can also graph data on shapes and sizes or projection is defined as the distance the cup extends from the rib cage. Provided that children can also graph data on shapes and sizes, we know that if the claim that religions promote variation in language, dress, and familial culture is false, then if inspections improve security, then smokers also have a higher frequency of respiratory illnesses than nonsmokers do. Once we know the claim that if projection is defined as the distance the cup extends from the rib cage, then if the claim that religions promote variation in language, dress, and familial culture is false, then if inspections improve security, then smokers also have a higher frequency of respiratory illnesses than nonsmokers do does not reflect reality, we also know that women are more likely to die of heart attack than of any other cause. It is not true that women are more likely to die of heart attack than of any other cause.
|
It is rational to agree that religions promote variation in language, dress, and familial culture.
|
Religion is expressed by study and participation at Catholic schools.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).).
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC3-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).).).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Religions promote variation in language, dress, and familial culture.', 1: 'Inspections improve security.', 2: 'Smokers also have a higher frequency of respiratory illnesses than nonsmokers do.', 3: 'Children can also graph data on shapes and sizes.', 4: 'Projection is defined as the distance the cup extends from the rib cage.', 5: 'Women are more likely to die of heart attack than of any other cause.'}
| 3 |
2,636 |
['We know that the claim that some automakers tout diesel fuels as the way to improve efficiency and prevent global warming is false.', 'Given that focal seizures are less common and, as the term implies, involve only a part of the body, it can be inferred that some automakers tout diesel fuels as the way to improve efficiency and prevent global warming.', 'Given that some lesbians report being abused in one relationship, but becoming the abuser in another, it can be inferred that selenium plays a critical role in the photocopying process.', 'It is a fact that either argentine ants are highly aggressive towards other ant species and potential predators or most bobcats eat rats.', 'One may reasonably assume that if argentine ants are highly aggressive towards other ant species and potential predators, then either focal seizures are less common and, as the term implies, involve only a part of the body or some lesbians report being abused in one relationship, but becoming the abuser in another.', 'One may reasonably assume that if most bobcats eat rats, then either focal seizures are less common and, as the term implies, involve only a part of the body or some lesbians report being abused in one relationship, but becoming the abuser in another.']
|
We know that the claim that some automakers tout diesel fuels as the way to improve efficiency and prevent global warming is false. Given that focal seizures are less common and, as the term implies, involve only a part of the body, it can be inferred that some automakers tout diesel fuels as the way to improve efficiency and prevent global warming. Given that some lesbians report being abused in one relationship, but becoming the abuser in another, it can be inferred that selenium plays a critical role in the photocopying process. It is a fact that either argentine ants are highly aggressive towards other ant species and potential predators or most bobcats eat rats. One may reasonably assume that if argentine ants are highly aggressive towards other ant species and potential predators, then either focal seizures are less common and, as the term implies, involve only a part of the body or some lesbians report being abused in one relationship, but becoming the abuser in another. One may reasonably assume that if most bobcats eat rats, then either focal seizures are less common and, as the term implies, involve only a part of the body or some lesbians report being abused in one relationship, but becoming the abuser in another.
|
It is a simple truth that selenium plays a critical role in the photocopying process.
|
It is a simple truth that selenium plays a critical role in the photocopying process.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-2]
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Either [2] or [3].).
If [5], then (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Selenium plays a critical role in the photocopying process.', 1: 'Some automakers tout diesel fuels as the way to improve efficiency and prevent global warming.', 2: 'Focal seizures are less common and, as the term implies, involve only a part of the body.', 3: 'Some lesbians report being abused in one relationship, but becoming the abuser in another.', 4: 'Argentine ants are highly aggressive towards other ant species and potential predators.', 5: 'Most bobcats eat rats.'}
| 3 |
2,666 |
['Assuming molecular lines are excellent diagnostics of the physical conditions in star-forming regions, we know that most asian elephants have tusks.', 'If most asian elephants have tusks, then the statement, state law requires parents to send their children to school unless otherwise provided by law, does not hold.', "If the claim that molecular lines are excellent diagnostics of the physical conditions in star-forming regions is false, then teliospores are dark brown to black and are covered by the host's epidermis.", "The statement 'teliospores are dark brown to black and are covered by the host's epidermis' can be considered false."]
|
Assuming molecular lines are excellent diagnostics of the physical conditions in star-forming regions, we know that most asian elephants have tusks. If most asian elephants have tusks, then the statement, state law requires parents to send their children to school unless otherwise provided by law, does not hold. If the claim that molecular lines are excellent diagnostics of the physical conditions in star-forming regions is false, then teliospores are dark brown to black and are covered by the host's epidermis. The statement 'teliospores are dark brown to black and are covered by the host's epidermis' can be considered false.
|
The statement, state law requires parents to send their children to school unless otherwise provided by law, does not hold.
|
The statement, state law requires parents to send their children to school unless otherwise provided by law, does not hold.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [3].
If [3], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'State law requires parents to send their children to school unless otherwise provided by law.', 1: 'Molecular lines are excellent diagnostics of the physical conditions in star-forming regions.', 2: "Teliospores are dark brown to black and are covered by the host's epidermis.", 3: 'Most asian elephants have tusks.'}
| 3 |
2,789 |
["Once we know the statement 'orchids tend to prefer smaller pots' can be considered false, we also know that the statement 'more men report using condoms than women' can be considered false.", "Whenever it is true that the statement, if the statement 'orchids tend to prefer smaller pots' can be considered false, then more men report using condoms than women, does not hold, 'glucagon stimulates the liver to produce more glucose' is true.", 'It is a fact that either a pencil sharpener is a sharpener or parrots sit on vegetation.', "Given that a pencil sharpener is a sharpener, it can be inferred that if the statement, if the statement 'orchids tend to prefer smaller pots' can be considered false, then more men report using condoms than women, does not hold, then the statement, glucagon stimulates the liver to produce more glucose, does not hold.", "When parrots sit on vegetation is true, it follows that if the statement, if the statement 'orchids tend to prefer smaller pots' can be considered false, then more men report using condoms than women, does not hold, then the statement, glucagon stimulates the liver to produce more glucose, does not hold."]
|
Once we know the statement 'orchids tend to prefer smaller pots' can be considered false, we also know that the statement 'more men report using condoms than women' can be considered false. Whenever it is true that the statement, if the statement 'orchids tend to prefer smaller pots' can be considered false, then more men report using condoms than women, does not hold, 'glucagon stimulates the liver to produce more glucose' is true. It is a fact that either a pencil sharpener is a sharpener or parrots sit on vegetation. Given that a pencil sharpener is a sharpener, it can be inferred that if the statement, if the statement 'orchids tend to prefer smaller pots' can be considered false, then more men report using condoms than women, does not hold, then the statement, glucagon stimulates the liver to produce more glucose, does not hold. When parrots sit on vegetation is true, it follows that if the statement, if the statement 'orchids tend to prefer smaller pots' can be considered false, then more men report using condoms than women, does not hold, then the statement, glucagon stimulates the liver to produce more glucose, does not hold.
|
It is reasonable to believe that orchids tend to prefer smaller pots.
|
Orchids have (part) cell membranes.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
If [4], then (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Orchids tend to prefer smaller pots.', 1: 'More men report using condoms than women.', 2: 'Glucagon stimulates the liver to produce more glucose.', 3: 'A pencil sharpener is a sharpener.', 4: 'Parrots sit on vegetation.'}
| 3 |
2,958 |
['We know that either arthritis mainly affects adults, but some children have it too or children show interest.', 'Given that arthritis mainly affects adults, but some children have it too, it can be inferred that higher animals can, pretty much, eat the stuff, but it kills insects.', "The statement that 'proteins are in fact ready made nanomachines' is incorrect.", 'It is rational to believe that either canvasbacks have heads or either proteins are in fact ready made nanomachines or if children show interest, then common carriers are companies which provide conduit services for the general public.', 'It is not true that canvasbacks have heads.']
|
We know that either arthritis mainly affects adults, but some children have it too or children show interest. Given that arthritis mainly affects adults, but some children have it too, it can be inferred that higher animals can, pretty much, eat the stuff, but it kills insects. The statement that 'proteins are in fact ready made nanomachines' is incorrect. It is rational to believe that either canvasbacks have heads or either proteins are in fact ready made nanomachines or if children show interest, then common carriers are companies which provide conduit services for the general public. It is not true that canvasbacks have heads.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: higher animals can, pretty much, eat the stuff, but it kills insects, or common carriers are companies which provide conduit services for the general public.
|
It is a fact that either most higher animals are capable of using light to image their surroundings or a common carrier is business.
|
Uncertain
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [0].
If [3], then [1]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [3], then [1].). [SC1-2]
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Either [4] or (If [3], then [1].).).
Not [5].
Therefore, Either [4] or (If [3], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Higher animals can, pretty much, eat the stuff, but it kills insects.', 1: 'Common carriers are companies which provide conduit services for the general public.', 2: 'Arthritis mainly affects adults, but some children have it too.', 3: 'Children show interest.', 4: 'Proteins are in fact ready made nanomachines.', 5: 'Canvasbacks have heads.'}
| 3 |
2,214 |
["So long as variation is the key to natural selection, 'specimens show considerable details' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if if most whole grain has density, then mating behavior is essential for any bisexual animal species to exist, then if variation is the key to natural selection, then it is not true that specimens show considerable details.', 'Assuming the claim that if most whole grain has density, then mating behavior is essential for any bisexual animal species to exist has no merit, we know that tobacco companies pay a lot of money to have their products placed in movies.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that tobacco companies pay a lot of money to have their products placed in movies.']
|
So long as variation is the key to natural selection, 'specimens show considerable details' is true. One may reasonably assume that if if most whole grain has density, then mating behavior is essential for any bisexual animal species to exist, then if variation is the key to natural selection, then it is not true that specimens show considerable details. Assuming the claim that if most whole grain has density, then mating behavior is essential for any bisexual animal species to exist has no merit, we know that tobacco companies pay a lot of money to have their products placed in movies. Some people mistakenly believe that tobacco companies pay a lot of money to have their products placed in movies.
|
The claim that variation is the key to natural selection has no merit.
|
The claim that variation is the key to natural selection has no merit.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
If [2], then [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then [3].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [2], then [3]..
|
{0: 'Variation is the key to natural selection.', 1: 'Specimens show considerable details.', 2: 'Most whole grain has density.', 3: 'Mating behavior is essential for any bisexual animal species to exist.', 4: 'Tobacco companies pay a lot of money to have their products placed in movies.'}
| 3 |
2,097 |
['Once we know water is a universal solvent and allows important chemical reactions to take place, we also know that cookies are simple devices that web browsers and servers use to track information about the user.', 'At least one of two things is true: if people come in all shapes and sizes , then immunizations Provides a whole list of immunizations and the basics of vaccinisation, or if water is a universal solvent and allows important chemical reactions to take place, then the claim that cookies are simple devices that web browsers and servers use to track information about the user is false.', 'On the condition that if people come in all shapes and sizes , then immunizations Provides a whole list of immunizations and the basics of vaccinisation, it is definitely the case that veins are blood vessels which carry blood to the heart from various parts of the body.', 'It is not the case that veins are blood vessels which carry blood to the heart from various parts of the body.']
|
Once we know water is a universal solvent and allows important chemical reactions to take place, we also know that cookies are simple devices that web browsers and servers use to track information about the user. At least one of two things is true: if people come in all shapes and sizes , then immunizations Provides a whole list of immunizations and the basics of vaccinisation, or if water is a universal solvent and allows important chemical reactions to take place, then the claim that cookies are simple devices that web browsers and servers use to track information about the user is false. On the condition that if people come in all shapes and sizes , then immunizations Provides a whole list of immunizations and the basics of vaccinisation, it is definitely the case that veins are blood vessels which carry blood to the heart from various parts of the body. It is not the case that veins are blood vessels which carry blood to the heart from various parts of the body.
|
The statement that states water is a universal solvent and allows important chemical reactions to take place is false.
|
The statement that states water is a universal solvent and allows important chemical reactions to take place is false.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
Not (If [2], then [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not (If [2], then [3].)..
|
{0: 'Water is a universal solvent and allows important chemical reactions to take place.', 1: 'Cookies are simple devices that web browsers and servers use to track information about the user.', 2: 'People come in all shapes and sizes .', 3: 'Immunizations Provides a whole list of immunizations and the basics of vaccinisation.', 4: 'Veins are blood vessels which carry blood to the heart from various parts of the body.'}
| 3 |
2,583 |
["So long as hatchlings eat small fish and insects, adults go after turtles and baboons, 'either energy is the energy of motion that does the work, like the wind turning a windmill or either physicians treat conditions or media plays an instrumental role in communication' is true.", 'It is rational to agree that hatchlings eat small fish and insects, adults go after turtles and baboons.', "So long as energy is the energy of motion that does the work, like the wind turning a windmill, 'colobuses have (part) ears' is true.", 'Provided that energy is the energy of motion that does the work, like the wind turning a windmill, we know that it is not the case that colobuses have (part) ears.']
|
So long as hatchlings eat small fish and insects, adults go after turtles and baboons, 'either energy is the energy of motion that does the work, like the wind turning a windmill or either physicians treat conditions or media plays an instrumental role in communication' is true. It is rational to agree that hatchlings eat small fish and insects, adults go after turtles and baboons. So long as energy is the energy of motion that does the work, like the wind turning a windmill, 'colobuses have (part) ears' is true. Provided that energy is the energy of motion that does the work, like the wind turning a windmill, we know that it is not the case that colobuses have (part) ears.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: physicians treat conditions, or media plays an instrumental role in communication.
|
It is not the case that either physicians treat conditions or media plays an instrumental role in communication.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).
[3]
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [2], then [4].
If [2], then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Physicians treat conditions.', 1: 'Media plays an instrumental role in communication.', 2: 'Energy is the energy of motion that does the work, like the wind turning a windmill.', 3: 'Hatchlings eat small fish and insects, adults go after turtles and baboons.', 4: 'Colobuses have (part) ears.'}
| 3 |
2,466 |
['Given that we know that the claim that if the claim that most crabs compete for resources has no merit, then high quality bells have pure tones is false, it can be inferred that if maps give information, then chamberlains have (part) vacuoles.', "So long as we know that the claim that if the claim that most crabs compete for resources has no merit, then high quality bells have pure tones is false, 'the claim that if maps give information, then chamberlains have (part) vacuoles does not reflect reality' is true.", "Whenever it is true that sex is another issue that tends to cause problems in marriages, 'some people mistakenly believe that high quality bells have pure tones' is true.", 'Many people rightly believe that sex is another issue that tends to cause problems in marriages.']
|
Given that we know that the claim that if the claim that most crabs compete for resources has no merit, then high quality bells have pure tones is false, it can be inferred that if maps give information, then chamberlains have (part) vacuoles. So long as we know that the claim that if the claim that most crabs compete for resources has no merit, then high quality bells have pure tones is false, 'the claim that if maps give information, then chamberlains have (part) vacuoles does not reflect reality' is true. Whenever it is true that sex is another issue that tends to cause problems in marriages, 'some people mistakenly believe that high quality bells have pure tones' is true. Many people rightly believe that sex is another issue that tends to cause problems in marriages.
|
It is the case that most crabs compete for resources.
|
It is a common misconception that most crabs compete for resources.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (If [3], then [4].).
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most crabs compete for resources.', 1: 'High quality bells have pure tones.', 2: 'Sex is another issue that tends to cause problems in marriages.', 3: 'Maps give information.', 4: 'Chamberlains have (part) vacuoles.'}
| 3 |
2,523 |
['There is good reason to believe that either tellers have (part) material bodies or emeralds have fractures.', "Provided that if fungi are amazingly versatile when it comes to reproduction, then lesion nematodes penetrate roots and cause damage by feeding and migrating through the root tissues, we know that the notion that 'tellers have (part) material bodies' is untrue.", 'Either an arsonist is a criminal or if most pollen falls on surfaces, then slavery is a denial of basic human rights.', 'Assuming an arsonist is a criminal, we know that if fungi are amazingly versatile when it comes to reproduction, then lesion nematodes penetrate roots and cause damage by feeding and migrating through the root tissues.', 'Provided that if most pollen falls on surfaces, then slavery is a denial of basic human rights, we know that if fungi are amazingly versatile when it comes to reproduction, then lesion nematodes penetrate roots and cause damage by feeding and migrating through the root tissues.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either tellers have (part) material bodies or emeralds have fractures. Provided that if fungi are amazingly versatile when it comes to reproduction, then lesion nematodes penetrate roots and cause damage by feeding and migrating through the root tissues, we know that the notion that 'tellers have (part) material bodies' is untrue. Either an arsonist is a criminal or if most pollen falls on surfaces, then slavery is a denial of basic human rights. Assuming an arsonist is a criminal, we know that if fungi are amazingly versatile when it comes to reproduction, then lesion nematodes penetrate roots and cause damage by feeding and migrating through the root tissues. Provided that if most pollen falls on surfaces, then slavery is a denial of basic human rights, we know that if fungi are amazingly versatile when it comes to reproduction, then lesion nematodes penetrate roots and cause damage by feeding and migrating through the root tissues.
|
emeralds have fractures.
|
Those that suggest emeralds have fractures are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].).
If [2], then [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (If [5], then [6].).
If [4], then (If [2], then [3].).
If (If [5], then [6].), then (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, If [2], then [3]..
|
{0: 'Emeralds have fractures.', 1: 'Tellers have (part) material bodies.', 2: 'Fungi are amazingly versatile when it comes to reproduction.', 3: 'Lesion nematodes penetrate roots and cause damage by feeding and migrating through the root tissues.', 4: 'An arsonist is a criminal.', 5: 'Most pollen falls on surfaces.', 6: 'Slavery is a denial of basic human rights.'}
| 3 |
2,255 |
["Whenever it is true that the claim that if those that suggest owners identify breathe problems are wrong, then either birds have a series of air sacs in the body that serve to reduce weight or insects are actually arthropods that belong to the Insecta class does not reflect reality, 'mice get sexually mature by eight weeks' is true.", 'When the claim that if those that suggest owners identify breathe problems are wrong, then either birds have a series of air sacs in the body that serve to reduce weight or insects are actually arthropods that belong to the Insecta class does not reflect reality is true, it follows that we know that the claim that mice get sexually mature by eight weeks is false.', 'Assuming those that suggest owners identify breathe problems are wrong, we know that chronic diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal complaints brought to pediatricians.', 'Provided that chronic diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal complaints brought to pediatricians, we know that the claim that either birds have a series of air sacs in the body that serve to reduce weight or insects are actually arthropods that belong to the Insecta class is false.']
|
Whenever it is true that the claim that if those that suggest owners identify breathe problems are wrong, then either birds have a series of air sacs in the body that serve to reduce weight or insects are actually arthropods that belong to the Insecta class does not reflect reality, 'mice get sexually mature by eight weeks' is true. When the claim that if those that suggest owners identify breathe problems are wrong, then either birds have a series of air sacs in the body that serve to reduce weight or insects are actually arthropods that belong to the Insecta class does not reflect reality is true, it follows that we know that the claim that mice get sexually mature by eight weeks is false. Assuming those that suggest owners identify breathe problems are wrong, we know that chronic diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal complaints brought to pediatricians. Provided that chronic diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal complaints brought to pediatricians, we know that the claim that either birds have a series of air sacs in the body that serve to reduce weight or insects are actually arthropods that belong to the Insecta class is false.
|
Those that suggest owners identify breathe problems are right.
|
It is a common misconception that owners identify breathe problems.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [4].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3].
If [3], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Owners identify breathe problems.', 1: 'Birds have a series of air sacs in the body that serve to reduce weight.', 2: 'Insects are actually arthropods that belong to the Insecta class.', 3: 'Chronic diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal complaints brought to pediatricians.', 4: 'Mice get sexually mature by eight weeks.'}
| 3 |
2,385 |
['If echinus is the largest frequently active acid geyser in the world, then the claim that childhood obesity is caused by a variety of factors does not reflect reality.', 'It is rational to believe that either virginity has different meanings and importance in different religions and cultures or coniferous forests are more typical of the mountain areas.', 'Provided that coniferous forests are more typical of the mountain areas, we know that if echinus is the largest frequently active acid geyser in the world, then childhood obesity is caused by a variety of factors.', 'There is good reason to believe that either dialog boxes work with the lowest common denominator in monitors or if virginity has different meanings and importance in different religions and cultures , then if echinus is the largest frequently active acid geyser in the world, then childhood obesity is caused by a variety of factors.', 'It is a common misconception that dialog boxes work with the lowest common denominator in monitors.']
|
If echinus is the largest frequently active acid geyser in the world, then the claim that childhood obesity is caused by a variety of factors does not reflect reality. It is rational to believe that either virginity has different meanings and importance in different religions and cultures or coniferous forests are more typical of the mountain areas. Provided that coniferous forests are more typical of the mountain areas, we know that if echinus is the largest frequently active acid geyser in the world, then childhood obesity is caused by a variety of factors. There is good reason to believe that either dialog boxes work with the lowest common denominator in monitors or if virginity has different meanings and importance in different religions and cultures , then if echinus is the largest frequently active acid geyser in the world, then childhood obesity is caused by a variety of factors. It is a common misconception that dialog boxes work with the lowest common denominator in monitors.
|
It is not the case that echinus is the largest frequently active acid geyser in the world.
|
Many people rightly believe that echinus is the largest frequently active acid geyser in the world.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC2-2]
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [2], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Echinus is the largest frequently active acid geyser in the world.', 1: 'Childhood obesity is caused by a variety of factors.', 2: 'Virginity has different meanings and importance in different religions and cultures .', 3: 'Coniferous forests are more typical of the mountain areas.', 4: 'Dialog boxes work with the lowest common denominator in monitors.'}
| 3 |
2,545 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: if cholesterol is a normal part of all body tissue, and is essential for life, then teenagers have the highest alcohol-involved fatal accident rate of any age group, or either profitability is essential to the agricultural system or most animals graze plants only when more desirable forage is unavailable.', 'Provided that if cholesterol is a normal part of all body tissue, and is essential for life, then teenagers have the highest alcohol-involved fatal accident rate of any age group, we know that either hollyhocks have (part) cytoplasm or either flat black is used in place of chrome or protein is important economically for total ration formulation.', 'Assuming either profitability is essential to the agricultural system or most animals graze plants only when more desirable forage is unavailable, we know that either hollyhocks have (part) cytoplasm or either flat black is used in place of chrome or protein is important economically for total ration formulation.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: most scavengers consume animals, or economic history is the study of how real-world economies have changed over time.', 'Provided that most scavengers consume animals, we know that the claim that hollyhocks have (part) cytoplasm does not reflect reality.', 'If economic history is the study of how real-world economies have changed over time, then the claim that hollyhocks have (part) cytoplasm does not reflect reality.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: if cholesterol is a normal part of all body tissue, and is essential for life, then teenagers have the highest alcohol-involved fatal accident rate of any age group, or either profitability is essential to the agricultural system or most animals graze plants only when more desirable forage is unavailable. Provided that if cholesterol is a normal part of all body tissue, and is essential for life, then teenagers have the highest alcohol-involved fatal accident rate of any age group, we know that either hollyhocks have (part) cytoplasm or either flat black is used in place of chrome or protein is important economically for total ration formulation. Assuming either profitability is essential to the agricultural system or most animals graze plants only when more desirable forage is unavailable, we know that either hollyhocks have (part) cytoplasm or either flat black is used in place of chrome or protein is important economically for total ration formulation. Either one or both of these statements are true: most scavengers consume animals, or economic history is the study of how real-world economies have changed over time. Provided that most scavengers consume animals, we know that the claim that hollyhocks have (part) cytoplasm does not reflect reality. If economic history is the study of how real-world economies have changed over time, then the claim that hollyhocks have (part) cytoplasm does not reflect reality.
|
It is rational to believe that either flat black is used in place of chrome or protein is important economically for total ration formulation.
|
It is rational to believe that either flat black is used in place of chrome or protein is important economically for total ration formulation.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Either [5] or [6].).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [7] or [8].
If [7], then (Not [2].).
If [8], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Flat black is used in place of chrome.', 1: 'Protein is important economically for total ration formulation.', 2: 'Hollyhocks have (part) cytoplasm.', 3: 'Cholesterol is a normal part of all body tissue, and is essential for life.', 4: 'Teenagers have the highest alcohol-involved fatal accident rate of any age group.', 5: 'Profitability is essential to the agricultural system.', 6: 'Most animals graze plants only when more desirable forage is unavailable.', 7: 'Most scavengers consume animals.', 8: 'Economic history is the study of how real-world economies have changed over time.'}
| 3 |
2,382 |
["Whenever it is true that it is a common misconception that radiation treatment affects normal cells while damaging cancer cells, 'the claim that gender inequalities are a continuing feature of Muslim countries does not reflect reality' is true.", 'If it is a common misconception that radiation treatment affects normal cells while damaging cancer cells, then books have descriptions.', 'Assuming extra evergreens planted close to the home can further reduce effects of wind, we know that if books have descriptions, then gender inequalities are a continuing feature of Muslim countries.', 'The statement that states extra evergreens planted close to the home can further reduce effects of wind is right.']
|
Whenever it is true that it is a common misconception that radiation treatment affects normal cells while damaging cancer cells, 'the claim that gender inequalities are a continuing feature of Muslim countries does not reflect reality' is true. If it is a common misconception that radiation treatment affects normal cells while damaging cancer cells, then books have descriptions. Assuming extra evergreens planted close to the home can further reduce effects of wind, we know that if books have descriptions, then gender inequalities are a continuing feature of Muslim countries. The statement that states extra evergreens planted close to the home can further reduce effects of wind is right.
|
The claim that radiation treatment affects normal cells while damaging cancer cells holds true.
|
Radiation treatments account for outcomes.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then [1].).
[3]
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Radiation treatment affects normal cells while damaging cancer cells.', 1: 'Gender inequalities are a continuing feature of Muslim countries.', 2: 'Books have descriptions.', 3: 'Extra evergreens planted close to the home can further reduce effects of wind.'}
| 3 |
2,489 |
['At least one of two things is true: some parents sell children, or demand curves measure the marginal benefits of buying an additional good or service.', "So long as some parents sell children, 'it is not true that sea gulls are scavengers' is true.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: lions are often alone, or when they do form groups, membership can change daily, or nitrogen oxide comes from the exhaust of cars.', 'One may reasonably assume that if nitrogen oxide comes from the exhaust of cars, then if demand curves measure the marginal benefits of buying an additional good or service, then it is not true that sea gulls are scavengers.', 'It is a fact that either conservation is a direct method of treatment in which an item is physically or chemically changed or eyebrows are a very significant aspect of our appearance.', "Whenever it is true that conservation is a direct method of treatment in which an item is physically or chemically changed, 'if lions are often alone, or when they do form groups, membership can change daily, then if demand curves measure the marginal benefits of buying an additional good or service, then it is not true that sea gulls are scavengers' is true.", 'If eyebrows are a very significant aspect of our appearance, then if lions are often alone, or when they do form groups, membership can change daily, then if demand curves measure the marginal benefits of buying an additional good or service, then it is not true that sea gulls are scavengers.']
|
At least one of two things is true: some parents sell children, or demand curves measure the marginal benefits of buying an additional good or service. So long as some parents sell children, 'it is not true that sea gulls are scavengers' is true. Either one or both of these statements are true: lions are often alone, or when they do form groups, membership can change daily, or nitrogen oxide comes from the exhaust of cars. One may reasonably assume that if nitrogen oxide comes from the exhaust of cars, then if demand curves measure the marginal benefits of buying an additional good or service, then it is not true that sea gulls are scavengers. It is a fact that either conservation is a direct method of treatment in which an item is physically or chemically changed or eyebrows are a very significant aspect of our appearance. Whenever it is true that conservation is a direct method of treatment in which an item is physically or chemically changed, 'if lions are often alone, or when they do form groups, membership can change daily, then if demand curves measure the marginal benefits of buying an additional good or service, then it is not true that sea gulls are scavengers' is true. If eyebrows are a very significant aspect of our appearance, then if lions are often alone, or when they do form groups, membership can change daily, then if demand curves measure the marginal benefits of buying an additional good or service, then it is not true that sea gulls are scavengers.
|
It is not true that sea gulls are scavengers.
|
We can assume that sea gulls are scavengers.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [2], then (Not [0].).). [SC2-2]
If [4], then (If [2], then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (If [3], then (If [2], then (Not [0].).).).
If [6], then (If [3], then (If [2], then (Not [0].).).).
Therefore, If [3], then (If [2], then (Not [0].).)..
|
{0: 'Sea gulls are scavengers.', 1: 'Some parents sell children.', 2: 'Demand curves measure the marginal benefits of buying an additional good or service.', 3: 'Lions are often alone, or when they do form groups, membership can change daily.', 4: 'Nitrogen oxide comes from the exhaust of cars.', 5: 'Conservation is a direct method of treatment in which an item is physically or chemically changed.', 6: 'Eyebrows are a very significant aspect of our appearance.'}
| 3 |
2,513 |
['When money management is the key to trading is true, it follows that conifers require more time than broadleaf plants.', "We know that the claim that sturgeon can really get a fix on food, and if they're in that hole, they'll find the food is false.", 'There is good reason to believe that either consolidation occurs when two or more organizations are combined into one new legal entity or light also has meaning related to the religious or cultural background of different countries.', "Provided that consolidation occurs when two or more organizations are combined into one new legal entity, we know that if some people mistakenly believe that if money management is the key to trading, then the claim that conifers require more time than broadleaf plants has no merit, then sturgeon can really get a fix on food, and if they're in that hole, they'll find the food.", "Once we know light also has meaning related to the religious or cultural background of different countries, we also know that if some people mistakenly believe that if money management is the key to trading, then the claim that conifers require more time than broadleaf plants has no merit, then sturgeon can really get a fix on food, and if they're in that hole, they'll find the food."]
|
When money management is the key to trading is true, it follows that conifers require more time than broadleaf plants. We know that the claim that sturgeon can really get a fix on food, and if they're in that hole, they'll find the food is false. There is good reason to believe that either consolidation occurs when two or more organizations are combined into one new legal entity or light also has meaning related to the religious or cultural background of different countries. Provided that consolidation occurs when two or more organizations are combined into one new legal entity, we know that if some people mistakenly believe that if money management is the key to trading, then the claim that conifers require more time than broadleaf plants has no merit, then sturgeon can really get a fix on food, and if they're in that hole, they'll find the food. Once we know light also has meaning related to the religious or cultural background of different countries, we also know that if some people mistakenly believe that if money management is the key to trading, then the claim that conifers require more time than broadleaf plants has no merit, then sturgeon can really get a fix on food, and if they're in that hole, they'll find the food.
|
It is not true that money management is the key to trading.
|
It is not true that money management is the key to trading.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2].).
If [4], then (If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2].).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Money management is the key to trading.', 1: 'Conifers require more time than broadleaf plants.', 2: "Sturgeon can really get a fix on food, and if they're in that hole, they'll find the food.", 3: 'Consolidation occurs when two or more organizations are combined into one new legal entity.', 4: 'Light also has meaning related to the religious or cultural background of different countries.'}
| 3 |
2,780 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: age can bring many unpleasant effects, including memory loss and dementia, or either many newborns are tiny, wet creatures when they first emerge or most agates are naturally greyish and are artificially coloured.', 'It is a common misconception that age can bring many unpleasant effects, including memory loss and dementia.', 'Given that many newborns are tiny, wet creatures when they first emerge, it can be inferred that many species of sharks are similar, and often are hard to tell apart.', 'Those that suggest many species of sharks are similar, and often are hard to tell apart are wrong.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: age can bring many unpleasant effects, including memory loss and dementia, or either many newborns are tiny, wet creatures when they first emerge or most agates are naturally greyish and are artificially coloured. It is a common misconception that age can bring many unpleasant effects, including memory loss and dementia. Given that many newborns are tiny, wet creatures when they first emerge, it can be inferred that many species of sharks are similar, and often are hard to tell apart. Those that suggest many species of sharks are similar, and often are hard to tell apart are wrong.
|
It is the case that most agates are naturally greyish and are artificially coloured.
|
It is the case that most agates are naturally greyish and are artificially coloured.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most agates are naturally greyish and are artificially coloured.', 1: 'Many newborns are tiny, wet creatures when they first emerge.', 2: 'Age can bring many unpleasant effects, including memory loss and dementia.', 3: 'Many species of sharks are similar, and often are hard to tell apart.'}
| 3 |
2,904 |
['The statement, man is composed of a twofold nature, a spiritual and a bodily, does not hold.', 'If it is not true that either man is composed of a twofold nature, a spiritual and a bodily or free radicals are simply groups of atoms with an excess of electrons, then either autonomic neuropathy is another form of diffuse neuropathy or creosote bushs are shrubs.', 'There is good reason to believe that either either many companies to help business or sheep cure themselves of foot-rot by eating the bark and shoots. or if electrolytes are compounds that separate into charged particles, called ions, when in a solution, then some plants have separate individual plants.', 'Given that either many companies to help business or sheep cure themselves of foot-rot by eating the bark and shoots. , it can be inferred that it is not the case that either autonomic neuropathy is another form of diffuse neuropathy or creosote bushs are shrubs.', "So long as if electrolytes are compounds that separate into charged particles, called ions, when in a solution, then some plants have separate individual plants, 'it is not the case that either autonomic neuropathy is another form of diffuse neuropathy or creosote bushs are shrubs' is true."]
|
The statement, man is composed of a twofold nature, a spiritual and a bodily, does not hold. If it is not true that either man is composed of a twofold nature, a spiritual and a bodily or free radicals are simply groups of atoms with an excess of electrons, then either autonomic neuropathy is another form of diffuse neuropathy or creosote bushs are shrubs. There is good reason to believe that either either many companies to help business or sheep cure themselves of foot-rot by eating the bark and shoots. or if electrolytes are compounds that separate into charged particles, called ions, when in a solution, then some plants have separate individual plants. Given that either many companies to help business or sheep cure themselves of foot-rot by eating the bark and shoots. , it can be inferred that it is not the case that either autonomic neuropathy is another form of diffuse neuropathy or creosote bushs are shrubs. So long as if electrolytes are compounds that separate into charged particles, called ions, when in a solution, then some plants have separate individual plants, 'it is not the case that either autonomic neuropathy is another form of diffuse neuropathy or creosote bushs are shrubs' is true.
|
It is the case that free radicals are simply groups of atoms with an excess of electrons.
|
It is not true that free radicals are simply groups of atoms with an excess of electrons.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [4] or [5].) or (If [6], then [7].).
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
If (If [6], then [7].), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Free radicals are simply groups of atoms with an excess of electrons.', 1: 'Man is composed of a twofold nature, a spiritual and a bodily.', 2: 'Autonomic neuropathy is another form of diffuse neuropathy.', 3: 'Creosote bushs are shrubs.', 4: 'Many companies to help business.', 5: 'Sheep cure themselves of foot-rot by eating the bark and shoots. .', 6: 'Electrolytes are compounds that separate into charged particles, called ions, when in a solution.', 7: 'Some plants have separate individual plants.'}
| 3 |
2,122 |
['Once we know news business involves reporting from people to people, we also know that if chondral abrasion is followed by vertical fissuring and cartilage loss, then leeches have genital organs.', 'When if chondral abrasion is followed by vertical fissuring and cartilage loss, then leeches have genital organs is true, it follows that children engage in behavior.', 'Assuming shield volcanoes are the type found in Hawaii, we know that if if chondral abrasion is followed by vertical fissuring and cartilage loss, then leeches have genital organs, then it is not the case that children engage in behavior.', 'It is rational to agree that shield volcanoes are the type found in Hawaii.']
|
Once we know news business involves reporting from people to people, we also know that if chondral abrasion is followed by vertical fissuring and cartilage loss, then leeches have genital organs. When if chondral abrasion is followed by vertical fissuring and cartilage loss, then leeches have genital organs is true, it follows that children engage in behavior. Assuming shield volcanoes are the type found in Hawaii, we know that if if chondral abrasion is followed by vertical fissuring and cartilage loss, then leeches have genital organs, then it is not the case that children engage in behavior. It is rational to agree that shield volcanoes are the type found in Hawaii.
|
The statement that states news business involves reporting from people to people is false.
|
It is a common misconception that mikados are emperors.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [3].).).
[4]
Therefore, If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [3].)..
|
{0: 'News business involves reporting from people to people.', 1: 'Chondral abrasion is followed by vertical fissuring and cartilage loss.', 2: 'Leeches have genital organs.', 3: 'Children engage in behavior.', 4: 'Shield volcanoes are the type found in Hawaii.'}
| 3 |
2,946 |
['On the condition that the statement that states bears perceive a stare as a threat is false, it is definitely the case that a frittata is a dish.', 'The statement, intimacy means love, affection and sharing, does not hold.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: creams absorb into the skin leaving little oily residue, or straight ramps place too much stress on the ligaments of the knee.', 'Provided that creams absorb into the skin leaving little oily residue, we know that intimacy means love, affection and sharing.', 'On the condition that straight ramps place too much stress on the ligaments of the knee, it is definitely the case that if the statement that states bears perceive a stare as a threat is false, then those that suggest a frittata is a dish are wrong.']
|
On the condition that the statement that states bears perceive a stare as a threat is false, it is definitely the case that a frittata is a dish. The statement, intimacy means love, affection and sharing, does not hold. Either one or both of these statements are true: creams absorb into the skin leaving little oily residue, or straight ramps place too much stress on the ligaments of the knee. Provided that creams absorb into the skin leaving little oily residue, we know that intimacy means love, affection and sharing. On the condition that straight ramps place too much stress on the ligaments of the knee, it is definitely the case that if the statement that states bears perceive a stare as a threat is false, then those that suggest a frittata is a dish are wrong.
|
It is a simple truth that bears perceive a stare as a threat.
|
It is a simple truth that bears perceive a stare as a threat.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).). [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [2].
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Bears perceive a stare as a threat.', 1: 'A frittata is a dish.', 2: 'Intimacy means love, affection and sharing.', 3: 'Creams absorb into the skin leaving little oily residue.', 4: 'Straight ramps place too much stress on the ligaments of the knee.'}
| 3 |
2,060 |
['Once we know some urine attracts mates, we also know that either homosexuals say suicide is the result of religious and societal pressures or water contaminates with fecal materials.', "The statement 'some urine attracts mates' can be considered true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if current temperature is represented in one degree increments of color shading, then the statement, homosexuals say suicide is the result of religious and societal pressures, does not hold.', 'The claim that current temperature is represented in one degree increments of color shading is true.']
|
Once we know some urine attracts mates, we also know that either homosexuals say suicide is the result of religious and societal pressures or water contaminates with fecal materials. The statement 'some urine attracts mates' can be considered true. One may reasonably assume that if current temperature is represented in one degree increments of color shading, then the statement, homosexuals say suicide is the result of religious and societal pressures, does not hold. The claim that current temperature is represented in one degree increments of color shading is true.
|
The statement 'water contaminates with fecal materials' is true.
|
It is not true that water contaminates with fecal materials.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not [1].).
[3]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Water contaminates with fecal materials.', 1: 'Homosexuals say suicide is the result of religious and societal pressures.', 2: 'Some urine attracts mates.', 3: 'Current temperature is represented in one degree increments of color shading.'}
| 3 |
2,844 |
["One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that if some copper beeches have tolerance, then we know that the claim that diversity is one of our world's greatest gifts is false, then some insects use enzymes.", 'It is not true that some insects use enzymes.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: all thunderstorms start off as a cumulus cloud, the fleece white cloud of summer days, or behavioral care is the glue that binds all disease management efforts together.', 'One may reasonably assume that if all thunderstorms start off as a cumulus cloud, the fleece white cloud of summer days, then some copper beeches have tolerance.', 'Assuming behavioral care is the glue that binds all disease management efforts together, we know that some copper beeches have tolerance.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that if some copper beeches have tolerance, then we know that the claim that diversity is one of our world's greatest gifts is false, then some insects use enzymes. It is not true that some insects use enzymes. We know that at least one of two things is true: all thunderstorms start off as a cumulus cloud, the fleece white cloud of summer days, or behavioral care is the glue that binds all disease management efforts together. One may reasonably assume that if all thunderstorms start off as a cumulus cloud, the fleece white cloud of summer days, then some copper beeches have tolerance. Assuming behavioral care is the glue that binds all disease management efforts together, we know that some copper beeches have tolerance.
|
We know that the claim that diversity is one of our world's greatest gifts is false.
|
Those that suggest diversity is a natural and enriching hallmark of life are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [1].
If [4], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: "Diversity is one of our world's greatest gifts.", 1: 'Some copper beeches have tolerance.', 2: 'Some insects use enzymes.', 3: 'All thunderstorms start off as a cumulus cloud, the fleece white cloud of summer days.', 4: 'Behavioral care is the glue that binds all disease management efforts together.'}
| 3 |
2,372 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: light travels at the speed of light, or sambars have (part) sterna.', 'On the condition that sambars have (part) sterna, it is definitely the case that all pens have water and shelter.', 'One may reasonably assume that if if some wolves destroy livestock, then ladybird beetles are very efficient predators of aphids, scales, and mites, then if light travels at the speed of light, then all pens have water and shelter.', "Whenever it is true that buzzer isa mechanism, 'if light travels at the speed of light, then all pens have water and shelter' is true.", 'Should it be the case that we know that the claim that either if some wolves destroy livestock, then ladybird beetles are very efficient predators of aphids, scales, and mites or buzzer isa mechanism is false, it follows that schools encourage students.', 'Should it be the case that we know that the claim that either if some wolves destroy livestock, then ladybird beetles are very efficient predators of aphids, scales, and mites or buzzer isa mechanism is false, it follows that it is not the case that schools encourage students.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: light travels at the speed of light, or sambars have (part) sterna. On the condition that sambars have (part) sterna, it is definitely the case that all pens have water and shelter. One may reasonably assume that if if some wolves destroy livestock, then ladybird beetles are very efficient predators of aphids, scales, and mites, then if light travels at the speed of light, then all pens have water and shelter. Whenever it is true that buzzer isa mechanism, 'if light travels at the speed of light, then all pens have water and shelter' is true. Should it be the case that we know that the claim that either if some wolves destroy livestock, then ladybird beetles are very efficient predators of aphids, scales, and mites or buzzer isa mechanism is false, it follows that schools encourage students. Should it be the case that we know that the claim that either if some wolves destroy livestock, then ladybird beetles are very efficient predators of aphids, scales, and mites or buzzer isa mechanism is false, it follows that it is not the case that schools encourage students.
|
It is reasonable to believe that all pens have water and shelter.
|
The statement that states all pens have water and shelter is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5]. [SC1-2]
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If [1], then [0].).
If [5], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].).), then [6].
If (Not (Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].).), then (Not [6].).
Therefore, Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5]..
|
{0: 'All pens have water and shelter.', 1: 'Light travels at the speed of light.', 2: 'Sambars have (part) sterna.', 3: 'Some wolves destroy livestock.', 4: 'Ladybird beetles are very efficient predators of aphids, scales, and mites.', 5: 'Buzzer isa mechanism.', 6: 'Schools encourage students.'}
| 3 |
2,283 |
['There is good reason to believe that either warm air causes water to be lost from flowers faster than it can be absorbed by the stems or sunlight is therefore more effective at raising the temperature of the northern hemisphere .', "So long as warm air causes water to be lost from flowers faster than it can be absorbed by the stems, 'if social skills are important for resilience, then some animals live with people' is true.", "So long as sunlight is therefore more effective at raising the temperature of the northern hemisphere , 'if social skills are important for resilience, then some animals live with people' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: either continuance is activities or washington hawthorn trees bloom in late springs, or tires wear differently over time, depending on which corner of the car the tire is on.', "Whenever it is true that either continuance is activities or washington hawthorn trees bloom in late springs, 'if social skills are important for resilience, then it is not true that some animals live with people' is true.", 'On the condition that tires wear differently over time, depending on which corner of the car the tire is on, it is definitely the case that if social skills are important for resilience, then it is not true that some animals live with people.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either warm air causes water to be lost from flowers faster than it can be absorbed by the stems or sunlight is therefore more effective at raising the temperature of the northern hemisphere . So long as warm air causes water to be lost from flowers faster than it can be absorbed by the stems, 'if social skills are important for resilience, then some animals live with people' is true. So long as sunlight is therefore more effective at raising the temperature of the northern hemisphere , 'if social skills are important for resilience, then some animals live with people' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: either continuance is activities or washington hawthorn trees bloom in late springs, or tires wear differently over time, depending on which corner of the car the tire is on. Whenever it is true that either continuance is activities or washington hawthorn trees bloom in late springs, 'if social skills are important for resilience, then it is not true that some animals live with people' is true. On the condition that tires wear differently over time, depending on which corner of the car the tire is on, it is definitely the case that if social skills are important for resilience, then it is not true that some animals live with people.
|
The claim that social skills are important for resilience does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that social skills are important for resilience does not correspond with reality.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [6], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
If [4], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Social skills are important for resilience.', 1: 'Some animals live with people.', 2: 'Continuance is activities.', 3: 'Washington hawthorn trees bloom in late springs.', 4: 'Tires wear differently over time, depending on which corner of the car the tire is on.', 5: 'Warm air causes water to be lost from flowers faster than it can be absorbed by the stems.', 6: 'Sunlight is therefore more effective at raising the temperature of the northern hemisphere .'}
| 3 |
2,939 |
['Either boys love animals or either cerium is oxidised readily in air or some trees grow as far east as Idaho and Montana.', 'The claim that boys love animals has no merit.', 'One may reasonably assume that if a model is a theory, then the statement that states cerium is oxidised readily in air is false.', 'The claim that a model is a theory is true.']
|
Either boys love animals or either cerium is oxidised readily in air or some trees grow as far east as Idaho and Montana. The claim that boys love animals has no merit. One may reasonably assume that if a model is a theory, then the statement that states cerium is oxidised readily in air is false. The claim that a model is a theory is true.
|
It is true that some trees grow as far east as Idaho and Montana.
|
Those that suggest some trees grow as far east as Idaho and Montana are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not [1].).
[3]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Some trees grow as far east as Idaho and Montana.', 1: 'Cerium is oxidised readily in air.', 2: 'Boys love animals.', 3: 'A model is a theory.'}
| 3 |
2,608 |
['Once we know it is not true that if it is not true that if web pages include summaries, then music is one of the seven forms of human intelligence, all equal in stature and in potential, then researchers conduct experiments, we also know that some bluebirds eat mealworms.', 'It is not true that some bluebirds eat mealworms.', 'Assuming if most ducks have a wide flat beak adapted for dredging, then blooms are large and reach their maximum potential where nights are cool and days warm, we know that the claim that researchers conduct experiments is false.', 'When most ducks have a wide flat beak adapted for dredging is true, it follows that blooms are large and reach their maximum potential where nights are cool and days warm.']
|
Once we know it is not true that if it is not true that if web pages include summaries, then music is one of the seven forms of human intelligence, all equal in stature and in potential, then researchers conduct experiments, we also know that some bluebirds eat mealworms. It is not true that some bluebirds eat mealworms. Assuming if most ducks have a wide flat beak adapted for dredging, then blooms are large and reach their maximum potential where nights are cool and days warm, we know that the claim that researchers conduct experiments is false. When most ducks have a wide flat beak adapted for dredging is true, it follows that blooms are large and reach their maximum potential where nights are cool and days warm.
|
So long as web pages include summaries, 'music is one of the seven forms of human intelligence, all equal in stature and in potential' is true.
|
So long as web pages include summaries, 'music is one of the seven forms of human intelligence, all equal in stature and in potential' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Not [2].).
If [3], then [4].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Web pages include summaries.', 1: 'Music is one of the seven forms of human intelligence, all equal in stature and in potential.', 2: 'Researchers conduct experiments.', 3: 'Most ducks have a wide flat beak adapted for dredging.', 4: 'Blooms are large and reach their maximum potential where nights are cool and days warm.', 5: 'Some bluebirds eat mealworms.'}
| 3 |
2,495 |
['There is good reason to believe that either light is energy, and it can be used in many ways or some zoos have special activities for young people.', "The statement 'meteorites are pieces of asteroids' can be considered true.", 'It is rational to believe that either if crops provide basic food, then some elephants play in regions or if meteorites are pieces of asteroids, then those that suggest light is energy, and it can be used in many ways are wrong.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that if crops provide basic food, then some elephants play in regions.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either light is energy, and it can be used in many ways or some zoos have special activities for young people. The statement 'meteorites are pieces of asteroids' can be considered true. It is rational to believe that either if crops provide basic food, then some elephants play in regions or if meteorites are pieces of asteroids, then those that suggest light is energy, and it can be used in many ways are wrong. Some people mistakenly believe that if crops provide basic food, then some elephants play in regions.
|
It is rational to agree that some zoos have special activities for young people.
|
It is rational to agree that some zoos have special activities for young people.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].). [SC1-2]
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (If [2], then (Not [1].).).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Some zoos have special activities for young people.', 1: 'Light is energy, and it can be used in many ways.', 2: 'Meteorites are pieces of asteroids.', 3: 'Crops provide basic food.', 4: 'Some elephants play in regions.'}
| 3 |
2,630 |
["Provided that today there are still two billion people without electricity, we know that the statement 'trilobites are important in the stratigraphic subdivision of the period' can be considered false.", "Whenever it is true that american individualism is depicted in both reality and myth, 'the statement 'trilobites are important in the stratigraphic subdivision of the period' can be considered false' is true.", "So long as workers treat emotional issues, 'either today there are still two billion people without electricity or american individualism is depicted in both reality and myth' is true.", 'When hands can be in several different positions depending on abdominal strength is true, it follows that either today there are still two billion people without electricity or american individualism is depicted in both reality and myth.', 'Assuming most power plants burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas, we know that either workers treat emotional issues or hands can be in several different positions depending on abdominal strength.', 'It is true that most power plants burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas.']
|
Provided that today there are still two billion people without electricity, we know that the statement 'trilobites are important in the stratigraphic subdivision of the period' can be considered false. Whenever it is true that american individualism is depicted in both reality and myth, 'the statement 'trilobites are important in the stratigraphic subdivision of the period' can be considered false' is true. So long as workers treat emotional issues, 'either today there are still two billion people without electricity or american individualism is depicted in both reality and myth' is true. When hands can be in several different positions depending on abdominal strength is true, it follows that either today there are still two billion people without electricity or american individualism is depicted in both reality and myth. Assuming most power plants burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas, we know that either workers treat emotional issues or hands can be in several different positions depending on abdominal strength. It is true that most power plants burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas.
|
The statement 'trilobites are important in the stratigraphic subdivision of the period' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'trilobites are important in the stratigraphic subdivision of the period' can be considered true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4]. [SC1-2]
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [4], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (Either [3] or [4].).
[5]
Therefore, Either [3] or [4]..
|
{0: 'Trilobites are important in the stratigraphic subdivision of the period.', 1: 'Today there are still two billion people without electricity.', 2: 'American individualism is depicted in both reality and myth.', 3: 'Workers treat emotional issues.', 4: 'Hands can be in several different positions depending on abdominal strength.', 5: 'Most power plants burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas.'}
| 3 |
2,596 |
['Once we know spiders are also know to feed upon the young nymphs, we also know that some societies resist change more than others.', 'Once we know some societies resist change more than others, we also know that the statement that states hockey is usually the sport that generally is seen as the most violent sport is false.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: economic pricing can result in loss making activities being cut, or spiders are also know to feed upon the young nymphs.', 'The claim that economic pricing can result in loss making activities being cut does not correspond with reality.']
|
Once we know spiders are also know to feed upon the young nymphs, we also know that some societies resist change more than others. Once we know some societies resist change more than others, we also know that the statement that states hockey is usually the sport that generally is seen as the most violent sport is false. We know that at least one of two things is true: economic pricing can result in loss making activities being cut, or spiders are also know to feed upon the young nymphs. The claim that economic pricing can result in loss making activities being cut does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement that states hockey is usually the sport that generally is seen as the most violent sport is false.
|
The claim that hockey is a physical, emotional game that becomes more physical and emotional as teams get familiar does not correspond with reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2].
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or [1].
Not [3].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Hockey is usually the sport that generally is seen as the most violent sport.', 1: 'Spiders are also know to feed upon the young nymphs.', 2: 'Some societies resist change more than others.', 3: 'Economic pricing can result in loss making activities being cut.'}
| 3 |
2,713 |
['Given that uncommitted cohabitation delivers relatively few benefits to men, women, or children, it can be inferred that the statement that states some people feel bloated and have gas if they increase how much fiber they eat too quickly is false.', 'The statement, many people are hypersensitive to opiates, does not hold.', "Whenever it is true that the statement that 'if the claim that uncommitted cohabitation delivers relatively few benefits to men, women, or children does not reflect reality, then many people are hypersensitive to opiates' is incorrect, 'infections can cause fatigue which is a compensatory mechanism to maintain weight' is true.", 'It is not true that infections can cause fatigue which is a compensatory mechanism to maintain weight.']
|
Given that uncommitted cohabitation delivers relatively few benefits to men, women, or children, it can be inferred that the statement that states some people feel bloated and have gas if they increase how much fiber they eat too quickly is false. The statement, many people are hypersensitive to opiates, does not hold. Whenever it is true that the statement that 'if the claim that uncommitted cohabitation delivers relatively few benefits to men, women, or children does not reflect reality, then many people are hypersensitive to opiates' is incorrect, 'infections can cause fatigue which is a compensatory mechanism to maintain weight' is true. It is not true that infections can cause fatigue which is a compensatory mechanism to maintain weight.
|
The statement that states some people feel bloated and have gas if they increase how much fiber they eat too quickly is false.
|
The statement that states some people feel bloated and have gas if they increase how much fiber they eat too quickly is right.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [1].), then [2].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [1].), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Some people feel bloated and have gas if they increase how much fiber they eat too quickly.', 1: 'Uncommitted cohabitation delivers relatively few benefits to men, women, or children.', 2: 'Many people are hypersensitive to opiates.', 3: 'Infections can cause fatigue which is a compensatory mechanism to maintain weight.'}
| 3 |
2,753 |
['One may reasonably assume that if osteoporosis is a silent disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break, then medical abortion terminates pregnancy with medication instead of surgery.', "Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that either osteoporosis is a silent disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break or some diseases kill bats is false, 'mangos have (part) tree branches' is true.", 'Should it be the case that we know that the claim that either osteoporosis is a silent disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break or some diseases kill bats is false, it follows that it is not true that mangos have (part) tree branches.', 'Given that the claim that if some diseases kill bats, then medical abortion terminates pregnancy with medication instead of surgery does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that either tarsiers have huge eyes and long feet or chicory is highly digestible for ruminants and has a low fiber concentration.', 'Given that the claim that if some diseases kill bats, then medical abortion terminates pregnancy with medication instead of surgery does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that the statement, either tarsiers have huge eyes and long feet or chicory is highly digestible for ruminants and has a low fiber concentration, does not hold.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if osteoporosis is a silent disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break, then medical abortion terminates pregnancy with medication instead of surgery. Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that either osteoporosis is a silent disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break or some diseases kill bats is false, 'mangos have (part) tree branches' is true. Should it be the case that we know that the claim that either osteoporosis is a silent disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break or some diseases kill bats is false, it follows that it is not true that mangos have (part) tree branches. Given that the claim that if some diseases kill bats, then medical abortion terminates pregnancy with medication instead of surgery does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that either tarsiers have huge eyes and long feet or chicory is highly digestible for ruminants and has a low fiber concentration. Given that the claim that if some diseases kill bats, then medical abortion terminates pregnancy with medication instead of surgery does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that the statement, either tarsiers have huge eyes and long feet or chicory is highly digestible for ruminants and has a low fiber concentration, does not hold.
|
It is reasonable to believe that medical abortion terminates pregnancy with medication instead of surgery.
|
Medical abortions require three doctors' visits, driving up the cost.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [5].
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Not (Either [3] or [4].).).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Medical abortion terminates pregnancy with medication instead of surgery.', 1: 'Osteoporosis is a silent disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break.', 2: 'Some diseases kill bats.', 3: 'Tarsiers have huge eyes and long feet .', 4: 'Chicory is highly digestible for ruminants and has a low fiber concentration.', 5: 'Mangos have (part) tree branches.'}
| 3 |
2,624 |
['There is good reason to believe that either some scientists speculate that endothelial dysfunction is a cause of insulin resistance or merlins have only a faint whisker mark.', 'Once we know merlins have only a faint whisker mark, we also know that reptiles begin to emerge from winter dormancy and become more apparent by the end of the month.', 'Once we know those that suggest if some scientists speculate that endothelial dysfunction is a cause of insulin resistance, then reptiles begin to emerge from winter dormancy and become more apparent by the end of the month are wrong, we also know that dietetic professionals advise parents to limit soft drinks to their children.', 'Assuming dietetic professionals advise parents to limit soft drinks to their children, we know that leptospirosis responds well to treatment, especially if started early in the illness.', 'The claim that leptospirosis responds well to treatment, especially if started early in the illness is false.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either some scientists speculate that endothelial dysfunction is a cause of insulin resistance or merlins have only a faint whisker mark. Once we know merlins have only a faint whisker mark, we also know that reptiles begin to emerge from winter dormancy and become more apparent by the end of the month. Once we know those that suggest if some scientists speculate that endothelial dysfunction is a cause of insulin resistance, then reptiles begin to emerge from winter dormancy and become more apparent by the end of the month are wrong, we also know that dietetic professionals advise parents to limit soft drinks to their children. Assuming dietetic professionals advise parents to limit soft drinks to their children, we know that leptospirosis responds well to treatment, especially if started early in the illness. The claim that leptospirosis responds well to treatment, especially if started early in the illness is false.
|
Many people rightly believe that reptiles begin to emerge from winter dormancy and become more apparent by the end of the month.
|
Many people rightly believe that reptiles begin to emerge from winter dormancy and become more apparent by the end of the month.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [3].
Not [3]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [3], then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [3]..
|
{0: 'Reptiles begin to emerge from winter dormancy and become more apparent by the end of the month.', 1: 'Some scientists speculate that endothelial dysfunction is a cause of insulin resistance.', 2: 'Merlins have only a faint whisker mark.', 3: 'Dietetic professionals advise parents to limit soft drinks to their children.', 4: 'Leptospirosis responds well to treatment, especially if started early in the illness.'}
| 3 |
2,312 |
['Those that suggest eyepieces are units that fit into a telescope, and vary in design and focal length are wrong.', 'On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that if it is not true that passive voice is something that is being done to the subject of the verb, then eyepieces are units that fit into a telescope, and vary in design and focal length, it is definitely the case that stuff has effects.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: music involves ratios, fractions, proportions, and thinking in space and time, or high intake causes renal diseases.', 'Assuming music involves ratios, fractions, proportions, and thinking in space and time, we know that the claim that stuff has effects is false.', 'Once we know high intake causes renal diseases, we also know that the claim that stuff has effects is false.']
|
Those that suggest eyepieces are units that fit into a telescope, and vary in design and focal length are wrong. On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that if it is not true that passive voice is something that is being done to the subject of the verb, then eyepieces are units that fit into a telescope, and vary in design and focal length, it is definitely the case that stuff has effects. Either one or both of these statements are true: music involves ratios, fractions, proportions, and thinking in space and time, or high intake causes renal diseases. Assuming music involves ratios, fractions, proportions, and thinking in space and time, we know that the claim that stuff has effects is false. Once we know high intake causes renal diseases, we also know that the claim that stuff has effects is false.
|
It is reasonable to believe that passive voice is something that is being done to the subject of the verb.
|
The claim that passive voice is something that is being done to the subject of the verb has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Not [2].).
If [4], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Passive voice is something that is being done to the subject of the verb.', 1: 'Eyepieces are units that fit into a telescope, and vary in design and focal length.', 2: 'Stuff has effects.', 3: 'Music involves ratios, fractions, proportions, and thinking in space and time.', 4: 'High intake causes renal diseases.'}
| 3 |
2,008 |
['On the condition that states have responsibility, it is definitely the case that dust comes from other sources as well.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: conditions influence performance, or either states have responsibility or rainbow lorikeets get food.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that conditions influence performance.', 'One may reasonably assume that if if most pelicans fly over bays, then smoking is the biggest culprit that limits oxygen supply, then if rainbow lorikeets get food, then dust comes from other sources as well.', 'Once we know most pelicans fly over bays, we also know that smoking is the biggest culprit that limits oxygen supply.']
|
On the condition that states have responsibility, it is definitely the case that dust comes from other sources as well. We know that at least one of two things is true: conditions influence performance, or either states have responsibility or rainbow lorikeets get food. Some people mistakenly believe that conditions influence performance. One may reasonably assume that if if most pelicans fly over bays, then smoking is the biggest culprit that limits oxygen supply, then if rainbow lorikeets get food, then dust comes from other sources as well. Once we know most pelicans fly over bays, we also know that smoking is the biggest culprit that limits oxygen supply.
|
dust comes from other sources as well.
|
It is not true that dust comes from other sources as well.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If [2], then [0].).
If [4], then [5].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Dust comes from other sources as well.', 1: 'States have responsibility.', 2: 'Rainbow lorikeets get food.', 3: 'Conditions influence performance.', 4: 'Most pelicans fly over bays.', 5: 'Smoking is the biggest culprit that limits oxygen supply.'}
| 3 |
2,529 |
['At least one of two things is true: wrinkle ridges occur in all mare regions and form circumferential or medially transecting patterns, or most eagles are dark brown or black.', 'Provided that wrinkle ridges occur in all mare regions and form circumferential or medially transecting patterns, we know that either energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of electrons that have moved from one side to the other or weeds generally invade turf when areas are thin and unhealthy.', 'Once we know most eagles are dark brown or black, we also know that either energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of electrons that have moved from one side to the other or weeds generally invade turf when areas are thin and unhealthy.', 'Given that energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of electrons that have moved from one side to the other, it can be inferred that if forest litter is the basis for the elaborate detritus food web, then taste is the death of a painter.', 'Those that suggest if forest litter is the basis for the elaborate detritus food web, then taste is the death of a painter are wrong.']
|
At least one of two things is true: wrinkle ridges occur in all mare regions and form circumferential or medially transecting patterns, or most eagles are dark brown or black. Provided that wrinkle ridges occur in all mare regions and form circumferential or medially transecting patterns, we know that either energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of electrons that have moved from one side to the other or weeds generally invade turf when areas are thin and unhealthy. Once we know most eagles are dark brown or black, we also know that either energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of electrons that have moved from one side to the other or weeds generally invade turf when areas are thin and unhealthy. Given that energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of electrons that have moved from one side to the other, it can be inferred that if forest litter is the basis for the elaborate detritus food web, then taste is the death of a painter. Those that suggest if forest litter is the basis for the elaborate detritus food web, then taste is the death of a painter are wrong.
|
The statement 'weeds generally invade turf when areas are thin and unhealthy' can be considered true.
|
It is not true that weeds generally invade turf when areas are thin and unhealthy.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
If [3], then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then (If [4], then [5].).
Not (If [4], then [5].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Weeds generally invade turf when areas are thin and unhealthy.', 1: 'Energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of electrons that have moved from one side to the other.', 2: 'Wrinkle ridges occur in all mare regions and form circumferential or medially transecting patterns.', 3: 'Most eagles are dark brown or black.', 4: 'Forest litter is the basis for the elaborate detritus food web.', 5: 'Taste is the death of a painter.'}
| 3 |
2,876 |
['Given that the claim that if either some severe illnesses cause paralysis or hairpieces are the mainstay of the fashion hair world, then it is a common misconception that most rodents have environments does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that topical tetracaine attenuates the pain of infiltration of buffered lidocaine.', "Should it be the case that the claim that if either some severe illnesses cause paralysis or hairpieces are the mainstay of the fashion hair world, then it is a common misconception that most rodents have environments does not reflect reality, it follows that the notion that 'topical tetracaine attenuates the pain of infiltration of buffered lidocaine' is untrue.", 'Should it be the case that it is not the case that either some severe illnesses cause paralysis or hairpieces are the mainstay of the fashion hair world, it follows that either gray lenses provide the best vision clarity and offer protection against sun and glare or cranes eat snails, larval insects, leeches, frogs, minnows, small rodents, and berries.', 'Should it be the case that it is not the case that either some severe illnesses cause paralysis or hairpieces are the mainstay of the fashion hair world, it follows that the claim that either gray lenses provide the best vision clarity and offer protection against sun and glare or cranes eat snails, larval insects, leeches, frogs, minnows, small rodents, and berries has no merit.']
|
Given that the claim that if either some severe illnesses cause paralysis or hairpieces are the mainstay of the fashion hair world, then it is a common misconception that most rodents have environments does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that topical tetracaine attenuates the pain of infiltration of buffered lidocaine. Should it be the case that the claim that if either some severe illnesses cause paralysis or hairpieces are the mainstay of the fashion hair world, then it is a common misconception that most rodents have environments does not reflect reality, it follows that the notion that 'topical tetracaine attenuates the pain of infiltration of buffered lidocaine' is untrue. Should it be the case that it is not the case that either some severe illnesses cause paralysis or hairpieces are the mainstay of the fashion hair world, it follows that either gray lenses provide the best vision clarity and offer protection against sun and glare or cranes eat snails, larval insects, leeches, frogs, minnows, small rodents, and berries. Should it be the case that it is not the case that either some severe illnesses cause paralysis or hairpieces are the mainstay of the fashion hair world, it follows that the claim that either gray lenses provide the best vision clarity and offer protection against sun and glare or cranes eat snails, larval insects, leeches, frogs, minnows, small rodents, and berries has no merit.
|
It is a common misconception that most rodents have environments.
|
The claim that most rodents have environments is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).).), then [5].
If (Not (If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not (Either [3] or [4].).).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Most rodents have environments.', 1: 'Some severe illnesses cause paralysis.', 2: 'Hairpieces are the mainstay of the fashion hair world.', 3: 'Gray lenses provide the best vision clarity and offer protection against sun and glare.', 4: 'Cranes eat snails, larval insects, leeches, frogs, minnows, small rodents, and berries.', 5: 'Topical tetracaine attenuates the pain of infiltration of buffered lidocaine.'}
| 3 |
2,101 |
['The statement that states most indoor air contains pollutants is false.', 'Either fire blight causes wilting and blackening of shoots or if friction is therefore the main cause of energy loss, then most indoor air contains pollutants.', 'If fire blight causes wilting and blackening of shoots, then some human infection occurs in infants.', 'It is not the case that some human infection occurs in infants.']
|
The statement that states most indoor air contains pollutants is false. Either fire blight causes wilting and blackening of shoots or if friction is therefore the main cause of energy loss, then most indoor air contains pollutants. If fire blight causes wilting and blackening of shoots, then some human infection occurs in infants. It is not the case that some human infection occurs in infants.
|
We know that the claim that friction is therefore the main cause of energy loss is false.
|
Those that suggest friction is the retarding force acting against the sliding between two contacting surfaces are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Friction is therefore the main cause of energy loss.', 1: 'Most indoor air contains pollutants.', 2: 'Fire blight causes wilting and blackening of shoots.', 3: 'Some human infection occurs in infants.'}
| 3 |
2,615 |
['There is good reason to believe that either some skeletons make up of bony plates or if if weight is proportional to mass, then a saddleback is a roof, then teeth provide a hard surface on which biofilms can attach themselves.', 'It is not the case that some skeletons make up of bony plates.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: valerian root grows in damp places throughout Europe, northern Asia, the U.S. and South America, or beer is almost as old as human life itself.', 'On the condition that valerian root grows in damp places throughout Europe, northern Asia, the U.S. and South America, it is definitely the case that if weight is proportional to mass, then a saddleback is a roof.', 'One may reasonably assume that if beer is almost as old as human life itself, then if weight is proportional to mass, then a saddleback is a roof.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either some skeletons make up of bony plates or if if weight is proportional to mass, then a saddleback is a roof, then teeth provide a hard surface on which biofilms can attach themselves. It is not the case that some skeletons make up of bony plates. Either one or both of these statements are true: valerian root grows in damp places throughout Europe, northern Asia, the U.S. and South America, or beer is almost as old as human life itself. On the condition that valerian root grows in damp places throughout Europe, northern Asia, the U.S. and South America, it is definitely the case that if weight is proportional to mass, then a saddleback is a roof. One may reasonably assume that if beer is almost as old as human life itself, then if weight is proportional to mass, then a saddleback is a roof.
|
The statement 'teeth provide a hard surface on which biofilms can attach themselves' can be considered true.
|
Some teeth are located in sharks.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].).
Not [5].
Therefore, If (If [1], then [2].), then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [1], then [2].).
If [4], then (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Teeth provide a hard surface on which biofilms can attach themselves.', 1: 'Weight is proportional to mass.', 2: 'A saddleback is a roof.', 3: 'Valerian root grows in damp places throughout Europe, northern Asia, the U.S. and South America.', 4: 'Beer is almost as old as human life itself.', 5: 'Some skeletons make up of bony plates.'}
| 3 |
2,520 |
["So long as finite quantity is a redundancy, 'the claim that if some water beetles prey on tadpoles, then topographical maps display the contours of a given land area is false' is true.", 'At least one of two things is true: some women suffer from excretion, or concepts have problems.', 'One may reasonably assume that if some women suffer from excretion, then finite quantity is a redundancy.', "If it is not true that if concepts have problems, then finite quantity is a redundancy, then either females experience oestrous cycle, during which their body prepares itself for pregnancy or stroke can affect a person's body, mind and emotion.", "Assuming it is not true that if concepts have problems, then finite quantity is a redundancy, we know that the claim that either females experience oestrous cycle, during which their body prepares itself for pregnancy or stroke can affect a person's body, mind and emotion does not reflect reality."]
|
So long as finite quantity is a redundancy, 'the claim that if some water beetles prey on tadpoles, then topographical maps display the contours of a given land area is false' is true. At least one of two things is true: some women suffer from excretion, or concepts have problems. One may reasonably assume that if some women suffer from excretion, then finite quantity is a redundancy. If it is not true that if concepts have problems, then finite quantity is a redundancy, then either females experience oestrous cycle, during which their body prepares itself for pregnancy or stroke can affect a person's body, mind and emotion. Assuming it is not true that if concepts have problems, then finite quantity is a redundancy, we know that the claim that either females experience oestrous cycle, during which their body prepares itself for pregnancy or stroke can affect a person's body, mind and emotion does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that if some water beetles prey on tadpoles, then topographical maps display the contours of a given land area is false.
|
The statement that 'most water beetles make creak sound' is incorrect.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [2].
If [4], then [2]. [SC3-2]
Therefore, [2].
[SC3-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [4], then [2].).), then (Either [5] or [6].).
If (Not (If [4], then [2].).), then (Not (Either [5] or [6].).).
Therefore, If [4], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Some water beetles prey on tadpoles.', 1: 'Topographical maps display the contours of a given land area.', 2: 'Finite quantity is a redundancy.', 3: 'Some women suffer from excretion.', 4: 'Concepts have problems.', 5: 'Females experience oestrous cycle, during which their body prepares itself for pregnancy.', 6: "Stroke can affect a person's body, mind and emotion."}
| 3 |
2,249 |
['It is not the case that chinese cooking varies greatly from region to region, but noodles are eaten everywhere.', 'On the condition that if wing loading is the average force per area that is exerted on the parachute surface, then brown pelicans nest in colonies, it is definitely the case that either chinese cooking varies greatly from region to region, but noodles are eaten everywhere or either polarity therapy is a holistic approach to natural health care or plants show a preference for partial to open light and upper slopes.', 'Provided that most tetrapods have jaws, we know that either chinese cooking varies greatly from region to region, but noodles are eaten everywhere or either polarity therapy is a holistic approach to natural health care or plants show a preference for partial to open light and upper slopes.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: coccidiosis occurs most frequently in young birds, or pickled babies are an aphrodisiac.', 'When coccidiosis occurs most frequently in young birds is true, it follows that if wing loading is the average force per area that is exerted on the parachute surface, then brown pelicans nest in colonies.', 'If pickled babies are an aphrodisiac, then most tetrapods have jaws.']
|
It is not the case that chinese cooking varies greatly from region to region, but noodles are eaten everywhere. On the condition that if wing loading is the average force per area that is exerted on the parachute surface, then brown pelicans nest in colonies, it is definitely the case that either chinese cooking varies greatly from region to region, but noodles are eaten everywhere or either polarity therapy is a holistic approach to natural health care or plants show a preference for partial to open light and upper slopes. Provided that most tetrapods have jaws, we know that either chinese cooking varies greatly from region to region, but noodles are eaten everywhere or either polarity therapy is a holistic approach to natural health care or plants show a preference for partial to open light and upper slopes. We know that at least one of two things is true: coccidiosis occurs most frequently in young birds, or pickled babies are an aphrodisiac. When coccidiosis occurs most frequently in young birds is true, it follows that if wing loading is the average force per area that is exerted on the parachute surface, then brown pelicans nest in colonies. If pickled babies are an aphrodisiac, then most tetrapods have jaws.
|
It is a fact that either polarity therapy is a holistic approach to natural health care or plants show a preference for partial to open light and upper slopes.
|
It is a fact that either polarity therapy is a holistic approach to natural health care or plants show a preference for partial to open light and upper slopes.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5]. [SC1-2]
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).
If [5], then (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [6] or [7].
If [6], then (If [3], then [4].).
If [7], then [5].
Therefore, Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5]..
|
{0: 'Polarity therapy is a holistic approach to natural health care.', 1: 'Plants show a preference for partial to open light and upper slopes.', 2: 'Chinese cooking varies greatly from region to region, but noodles are eaten everywhere.', 3: 'Wing loading is the average force per area that is exerted on the parachute surface.', 4: 'Brown pelicans nest in colonies.', 5: 'Most tetrapods have jaws.', 6: 'Coccidiosis occurs most frequently in young birds.', 7: 'Pickled babies are an aphrodisiac.'}
| 3 |
2,278 |
['There is good reason to believe that either all matter is made of atoms or most surfaces absorb energy.', 'On the condition that all matter is made of atoms , it is definitely the case that opossums have short lifespans.', 'Should it be the case that the statement that states if most surfaces absorb energy, then opossums have short lifespans is false, it follows that either antibiotics can result in severe allergic reaction or long locomotions extend it farther out than short locomotions.', "Once we know either most goats graze in environments or surgery allows exposure of blood to tissue factor, we also know that the statement that 'either antibiotics can result in severe allergic reaction or long locomotions extend it farther out than short locomotions' is incorrect.", 'We know that either most goats graze in environments or surgery allows exposure of blood to tissue factor.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either all matter is made of atoms or most surfaces absorb energy. On the condition that all matter is made of atoms , it is definitely the case that opossums have short lifespans. Should it be the case that the statement that states if most surfaces absorb energy, then opossums have short lifespans is false, it follows that either antibiotics can result in severe allergic reaction or long locomotions extend it farther out than short locomotions. Once we know either most goats graze in environments or surgery allows exposure of blood to tissue factor, we also know that the statement that 'either antibiotics can result in severe allergic reaction or long locomotions extend it farther out than short locomotions' is incorrect. We know that either most goats graze in environments or surgery allows exposure of blood to tissue factor.
|
It is a simple truth that opossums have short lifespans.
|
Most opossums have long hairless tails, although some have tails which are prehensile.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Either [3] or [4].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (Not (Either [3] or [4].).).
Either [5] or [6].
Therefore, Not (Either [3] or [4].)..
|
{0: 'Opossums have short lifespans.', 1: 'All matter is made of atoms .', 2: 'Most surfaces absorb energy.', 3: 'Antibiotics can result in severe allergic reaction.', 4: 'Long locomotions extend it farther out than short locomotions.', 5: 'Most goats graze in environments.', 6: 'Surgery allows exposure of blood to tissue factor.'}
| 3 |
2,424 |
['Either mulches also improve water penetration and minimize soil crusting or fire ant queens live for years.', 'When mulches also improve water penetration and minimize soil crusting is true, it follows that the claim that currency is the coin of the web is false.', 'When fire ant queens live for years is true, it follows that image size is also a key factor in digital camera technology.', 'Given that it is not true that if image size is also a key factor in digital camera technology, then the claim that currency is the coin of the web is false, it can be inferred that mothers participate in physical activities.', 'The claim that mothers participate in physical activities is false.']
|
Either mulches also improve water penetration and minimize soil crusting or fire ant queens live for years. When mulches also improve water penetration and minimize soil crusting is true, it follows that the claim that currency is the coin of the web is false. When fire ant queens live for years is true, it follows that image size is also a key factor in digital camera technology. Given that it is not true that if image size is also a key factor in digital camera technology, then the claim that currency is the coin of the web is false, it can be inferred that mothers participate in physical activities. The claim that mothers participate in physical activities is false.
|
The claim that currency is the coin of the web is false.
|
The statement that states currency is documents is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [3].
If [3], then (Not [0].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (Not [0].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Currency is the coin of the web.', 1: 'Mulches also improve water penetration and minimize soil crusting.', 2: 'Fire ant queens live for years.', 3: 'Image size is also a key factor in digital camera technology.', 4: 'Mothers participate in physical activities.'}
| 3 |
2,384 |
['Either most kangaroo rats produce urine or gravity provides the glue for the orbital motion.', "There is good reason to believe that either vitamins help carbohydrates or the statement 'most kangaroo rats produce urine' can be considered false.", "Should it be the case that vitamins help carbohydrates, it follows that hotspots are places where molten rock from the earth's mantle is erupting at the surface.", "The claim that hotspots are places where molten rock from the earth's mantle is erupting at the surface has no merit."]
|
Either most kangaroo rats produce urine or gravity provides the glue for the orbital motion. There is good reason to believe that either vitamins help carbohydrates or the statement 'most kangaroo rats produce urine' can be considered false. Should it be the case that vitamins help carbohydrates, it follows that hotspots are places where molten rock from the earth's mantle is erupting at the surface. The claim that hotspots are places where molten rock from the earth's mantle is erupting at the surface has no merit.
|
The claim that gravity provides the glue for the orbital motion is true.
|
The statement 'gravity provides the glue for the orbital motion' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Gravity provides the glue for the orbital motion.', 1: 'Most kangaroo rats produce urine.', 2: 'Vitamins help carbohydrates.', 3: "Hotspots are places where molten rock from the earth's mantle is erupting at the surface."}
| 3 |
2,395 |
['Assuming technology is invented in order to meet population needs, we know that prank calls are annoying or threatening in nature.', "Either one or both of these statements are true: plant attracts butterflies and hummingbirds, or if technology is invented in order to meet population needs, then the statement 'prank calls are annoying or threatening in nature' can be considered false.", 'At least one of two things is true: if some fishermen kill starfishs, then scavengers pose danger, or beliefs are generalizations about how the world is.', "Whenever it is true that if some fishermen kill starfishs, then scavengers pose danger, 'the claim that plant attracts butterflies and hummingbirds does not correspond with reality' is true.", 'Provided that beliefs are generalizations about how the world is, we know that the claim that plant attracts butterflies and hummingbirds does not correspond with reality.']
|
Assuming technology is invented in order to meet population needs, we know that prank calls are annoying or threatening in nature. Either one or both of these statements are true: plant attracts butterflies and hummingbirds, or if technology is invented in order to meet population needs, then the statement 'prank calls are annoying or threatening in nature' can be considered false. At least one of two things is true: if some fishermen kill starfishs, then scavengers pose danger, or beliefs are generalizations about how the world is. Whenever it is true that if some fishermen kill starfishs, then scavengers pose danger, 'the claim that plant attracts butterflies and hummingbirds does not correspond with reality' is true. Provided that beliefs are generalizations about how the world is, we know that the claim that plant attracts butterflies and hummingbirds does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that technology is invented in order to meet population needs is false.
|
The claim that technology has the potential to dramatically impact teaching, research and learning is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Not [2].).
If [5], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Technology is invented in order to meet population needs.', 1: 'Prank calls are annoying or threatening in nature.', 2: 'Plant attracts butterflies and hummingbirds.', 3: 'Some fishermen kill starfishs.', 4: 'Scavengers pose danger.', 5: 'Beliefs are generalizations about how the world is.'}
| 3 |
2,054 |
['Given that rotter isa person, it can be inferred that colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States.', 'Once we know if rotter isa person, then colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States, we also know that sin is the root of all social upheaval.', 'Given that sin is the root of all social upheaval, it can be inferred that most wildfires destroy structures.', 'Given that most wildfires destroy structures, it can be inferred that some people mistakenly believe that mucuses have several other functions.']
|
Given that rotter isa person, it can be inferred that colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Once we know if rotter isa person, then colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States, we also know that sin is the root of all social upheaval. Given that sin is the root of all social upheaval, it can be inferred that most wildfires destroy structures. Given that most wildfires destroy structures, it can be inferred that some people mistakenly believe that mucuses have several other functions.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that mucuses have several other functions.
|
It is a simple truth that mucuses have several other functions.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [3].
If [3], then (Not [0].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [3], then [4].
If [4], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, If [3], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Mucuses have several other functions.', 1: 'Rotter isa person.', 2: 'Colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States.', 3: 'Sin is the root of all social upheaval.', 4: 'Most wildfires destroy structures.'}
| 3 |
2,034 |
["So long as we know that the claim that if some diets affect outcomes, then all tap water contains chlorine and possibly even chloramine is false, 'radiographic studies reveal massive dilation of the colon proximal to the rectum' is true.", "Provided that we know that the claim that if some diets affect outcomes, then all tap water contains chlorine and possibly even chloramine is false, we know that the notion that 'radiographic studies reveal massive dilation of the colon proximal to the rectum' is untrue.", "At least one of two things is true: cultural biases compromise one's ability to make objective evaluations, or some snakes consume several individuals.", "Should it be the case that cultural biases compromise one's ability to make objective evaluations, it follows that if all tap water contains chlorine and possibly even chloramine, then horses share ancestors.", 'Once we know some snakes consume several individuals, we also know that if all tap water contains chlorine and possibly even chloramine, then horses share ancestors.']
|
So long as we know that the claim that if some diets affect outcomes, then all tap water contains chlorine and possibly even chloramine is false, 'radiographic studies reveal massive dilation of the colon proximal to the rectum' is true. Provided that we know that the claim that if some diets affect outcomes, then all tap water contains chlorine and possibly even chloramine is false, we know that the notion that 'radiographic studies reveal massive dilation of the colon proximal to the rectum' is untrue. At least one of two things is true: cultural biases compromise one's ability to make objective evaluations, or some snakes consume several individuals. Should it be the case that cultural biases compromise one's ability to make objective evaluations, it follows that if all tap water contains chlorine and possibly even chloramine, then horses share ancestors. Once we know some snakes consume several individuals, we also know that if all tap water contains chlorine and possibly even chloramine, then horses share ancestors.
|
Assuming some diets affect outcomes, we know that horses share ancestors.
|
Assuming some diets affect outcomes, we know that horses share ancestors.
|
TRUE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [2].).), then [5].
If (Not (If [0], then [2].).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, If [0], then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [2], then [1].).
If [4], then (If [2], then [1].).
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Some diets affect outcomes.', 1: 'Horses share ancestors.', 2: 'All tap water contains chlorine and possibly even chloramine.', 3: "Cultural biases compromise one's ability to make objective evaluations.", 4: 'Some snakes consume several individuals.', 5: 'Radiographic studies reveal massive dilation of the colon proximal to the rectum.'}
| 3 |
2,271 |
['Should it be the case that if salamanders swim like eels, using body muscle contraction to propel themselves through the water, then some medications can build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations, it follows that if the claim that ceramic tableware is considered the largest source of dietary lead today does not correspond with reality, then if russian women are among the most beautiful and loving wives in the world, then options include career paths.', 'Given that salamanders swim like eels, using body muscle contraction to propel themselves through the water, it can be inferred that some medications can build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations.', 'Provided that the statement that states if the claim that ceramic tableware is considered the largest source of dietary lead today does not correspond with reality, then it is not true that if russian women are among the most beautiful and loving wives in the world, then options include career paths is false, we know that noxious weeds are highly aggressive, particularly in disturbed areas.', 'Assuming the statement that states if the claim that ceramic tableware is considered the largest source of dietary lead today does not correspond with reality, then it is not true that if russian women are among the most beautiful and loving wives in the world, then options include career paths is false, we know that the claim that noxious weeds are highly aggressive, particularly in disturbed areas has no merit.']
|
Should it be the case that if salamanders swim like eels, using body muscle contraction to propel themselves through the water, then some medications can build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations, it follows that if the claim that ceramic tableware is considered the largest source of dietary lead today does not correspond with reality, then if russian women are among the most beautiful and loving wives in the world, then options include career paths. Given that salamanders swim like eels, using body muscle contraction to propel themselves through the water, it can be inferred that some medications can build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations. Provided that the statement that states if the claim that ceramic tableware is considered the largest source of dietary lead today does not correspond with reality, then it is not true that if russian women are among the most beautiful and loving wives in the world, then options include career paths is false, we know that noxious weeds are highly aggressive, particularly in disturbed areas. Assuming the statement that states if the claim that ceramic tableware is considered the largest source of dietary lead today does not correspond with reality, then it is not true that if russian women are among the most beautiful and loving wives in the world, then options include career paths is false, we know that the claim that noxious weeds are highly aggressive, particularly in disturbed areas has no merit.
|
It is reasonable to believe that ceramic tableware is considered the largest source of dietary lead today.
|
Gargoyles spout water from the roof .
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).).
If [4], then [5].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Ceramic tableware is considered the largest source of dietary lead today.', 1: 'Russian women are among the most beautiful and loving wives in the world.', 2: 'Options include career paths.', 3: 'Noxious weeds are highly aggressive, particularly in disturbed areas.', 4: 'Salamanders swim like eels, using body muscle contraction to propel themselves through the water.', 5: 'Some medications can build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations.'}
| 3 |
2,030 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: weakness is the symptom that responds best to therapy, or anthropology is the study of man in all times and in all places.', 'Assuming weakness is the symptom that responds best to therapy, we know that the claim that popular culture can often help to guide scientific studies does not reflect reality.', "So long as some people mistakenly believe that if anthropology is the study of man in all times and in all places, then the claim that popular culture can often help to guide scientific studies does not reflect reality, 'it is not true that many college dorms have rules against cooking in the dorm room' is true.", 'If those that suggest if some people mistakenly believe that if anthropology is the study of man in all times and in all places, then the claim that popular culture can often help to guide scientific studies does not reflect reality, then many college dorms have rules against cooking in the dorm room are wrong, then if humans live in other parts of our vast universe, then airborne pollen is a major allergen responsible for hay fever.', 'On the condition that those that suggest if some people mistakenly believe that if anthropology is the study of man in all times and in all places, then the claim that popular culture can often help to guide scientific studies does not reflect reality, then many college dorms have rules against cooking in the dorm room are wrong, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that if humans live in other parts of our vast universe, then airborne pollen is a major allergen responsible for hay fever is false.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: weakness is the symptom that responds best to therapy, or anthropology is the study of man in all times and in all places. Assuming weakness is the symptom that responds best to therapy, we know that the claim that popular culture can often help to guide scientific studies does not reflect reality. So long as some people mistakenly believe that if anthropology is the study of man in all times and in all places, then the claim that popular culture can often help to guide scientific studies does not reflect reality, 'it is not true that many college dorms have rules against cooking in the dorm room' is true. If those that suggest if some people mistakenly believe that if anthropology is the study of man in all times and in all places, then the claim that popular culture can often help to guide scientific studies does not reflect reality, then many college dorms have rules against cooking in the dorm room are wrong, then if humans live in other parts of our vast universe, then airborne pollen is a major allergen responsible for hay fever. On the condition that those that suggest if some people mistakenly believe that if anthropology is the study of man in all times and in all places, then the claim that popular culture can often help to guide scientific studies does not reflect reality, then many college dorms have rules against cooking in the dorm room are wrong, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that if humans live in other parts of our vast universe, then airborne pollen is a major allergen responsible for hay fever is false.
|
The claim that popular culture can often help to guide scientific studies does not reflect reality.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that popular culture is often irreverent, sometimes deviant.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then [3].).), then (If [4], then [5].).
If (Not (If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then [3].).), then (Not (If [4], then [5].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then [3]..
|
{0: 'Popular culture can often help to guide scientific studies.', 1: 'Weakness is the symptom that responds best to therapy.', 2: 'Anthropology is the study of man in all times and in all places.', 3: 'Many college dorms have rules against cooking in the dorm room.', 4: 'Humans live in other parts of our vast universe.', 5: 'Airborne pollen is a major allergen responsible for hay fever.'}
| 3 |
2,403 |
['Provided that it is not the case that either bone passes through a series of colours in accord with temperature or black tea is more popular in Western countries, we know that globes serve multiple purposes.', 'Assuming it is not the case that either bone passes through a series of colours in accord with temperature or black tea is more popular in Western countries, we know that some people mistakenly believe that globes serve multiple purposes.', 'On the condition that an abscissa is a Cartesian coordinate, it is definitely the case that the statement, bone passes through a series of colours in accord with temperature, does not hold.', 'Many people rightly believe that an abscissa is a Cartesian coordinate.']
|
Provided that it is not the case that either bone passes through a series of colours in accord with temperature or black tea is more popular in Western countries, we know that globes serve multiple purposes. Assuming it is not the case that either bone passes through a series of colours in accord with temperature or black tea is more popular in Western countries, we know that some people mistakenly believe that globes serve multiple purposes. On the condition that an abscissa is a Cartesian coordinate, it is definitely the case that the statement, bone passes through a series of colours in accord with temperature, does not hold. Many people rightly believe that an abscissa is a Cartesian coordinate.
|
It is a simple truth that black tea is more popular in Western countries.
|
Those that suggest black tea is more popular in Western countries are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Black tea is more popular in Western countries.', 1: 'Bone passes through a series of colours in accord with temperature.', 2: 'An abscissa is a Cartesian coordinate.', 3: 'Globes serve multiple purposes.'}
| 3 |
2,757 |
["The statement that 'insecticides are available and are most effective against newly hatched nymphs' is incorrect.", 'There is good reason to believe that either some literature suggests hormonal levels differ by ethnicity or depreciation is a use of funds.', "Provided that depreciation is a use of funds, we know that if the notion that 'dogs have as much exposed area inside their nose as they have on their entire body' is untrue, then insecticides are available and are most effective against newly hatched nymphs.", "Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if some literature suggests hormonal levels differ by ethnicity, then if the notion that 'dogs have as much exposed area inside their nose as they have on their entire body' is untrue, then insecticides are available and are most effective against newly hatched nymphs, it follows that genetic homogeneity is a myth anywhere on the planet earth.", "Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if some literature suggests hormonal levels differ by ethnicity, then if the notion that 'dogs have as much exposed area inside their nose as they have on their entire body' is untrue, then insecticides are available and are most effective against newly hatched nymphs, it follows that the statement 'genetic homogeneity is a myth anywhere on the planet earth' can be considered false."]
|
The statement that 'insecticides are available and are most effective against newly hatched nymphs' is incorrect. There is good reason to believe that either some literature suggests hormonal levels differ by ethnicity or depreciation is a use of funds. Provided that depreciation is a use of funds, we know that if the notion that 'dogs have as much exposed area inside their nose as they have on their entire body' is untrue, then insecticides are available and are most effective against newly hatched nymphs. Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if some literature suggests hormonal levels differ by ethnicity, then if the notion that 'dogs have as much exposed area inside their nose as they have on their entire body' is untrue, then insecticides are available and are most effective against newly hatched nymphs, it follows that genetic homogeneity is a myth anywhere on the planet earth. Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if some literature suggests hormonal levels differ by ethnicity, then if the notion that 'dogs have as much exposed area inside their nose as they have on their entire body' is untrue, then insecticides are available and are most effective against newly hatched nymphs, it follows that the statement 'genetic homogeneity is a myth anywhere on the planet earth' can be considered false.
|
We can assume that dogs have as much exposed area inside their nose as they have on their entire body.
|
The notion that 'dogs have as much exposed area inside their nose as they have on their entire body' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].). [SC2-2]
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).).), then [4].
If (Not (If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Dogs have as much exposed area inside their nose as they have on their entire body.', 1: 'Insecticides are available and are most effective against newly hatched nymphs.', 2: 'Some literature suggests hormonal levels differ by ethnicity.', 3: 'Depreciation is a use of funds.', 4: 'Genetic homogeneity is a myth anywhere on the planet earth.'}
| 3 |
2,975 |
['Assuming forages are deep-rooted and use more water than most annual crops, we know that either lyricism is both a matter of grip and of touch or fish develop organs.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: infectious diseases cause breathe difficulty, or leaded materials are hazardous if eaten by children.', 'Given that leaded materials are hazardous if eaten by children, it can be inferred that forages are deep-rooted and use more water than most annual crops.', 'One may reasonably assume that if infectious diseases cause breathe difficulty, then protists can either be free-living or parasitic.', 'Once we know protists can either be free-living or parasitic, we also know that forages are deep-rooted and use more water than most annual crops.']
|
Assuming forages are deep-rooted and use more water than most annual crops, we know that either lyricism is both a matter of grip and of touch or fish develop organs. Either one or both of these statements are true: infectious diseases cause breathe difficulty, or leaded materials are hazardous if eaten by children. Given that leaded materials are hazardous if eaten by children, it can be inferred that forages are deep-rooted and use more water than most annual crops. One may reasonably assume that if infectious diseases cause breathe difficulty, then protists can either be free-living or parasitic. Once we know protists can either be free-living or parasitic, we also know that forages are deep-rooted and use more water than most annual crops.
|
At least one of two things is true: lyricism is both a matter of grip and of touch, or fish develop organs.
|
At least one of two things is true: lyricism is both a matter of grip and of touch, or fish develop organs.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [2]. [SC2-2]
If [4], then [2].
Therefore, [2].
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [3], then [5].
If [5], then [2].
Therefore, If [3], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Lyricism is both a matter of grip and of touch.', 1: 'Fish develop organs.', 2: 'Forages are deep-rooted and use more water than most annual crops.', 3: 'Infectious diseases cause breathe difficulty.', 4: 'Leaded materials are hazardous if eaten by children.', 5: 'Protists can either be free-living or parasitic.'}
| 3 |
2,990 |
['Should it be the case that the claim that some graphics devices impose a limit on the number of vertices there can be in a polygon is false, it follows that the claim that slavery is economic suicide has no merit.', 'Those that suggest semantic analysis is an extension of context analysis are wrong.', 'It is a fact that either bicycle helmets are the best protection against mishaps that cause death or injury or if cosmic rays are located in space, then paths are shopping malls.', "Provided that bicycle helmets are the best protection against mishaps that cause death or injury, we know that if the statement that 'if the claim that some graphics devices impose a limit on the number of vertices there can be in a polygon is false, then slavery is economic suicide' is incorrect, then semantic analysis is an extension of context analysis.", "Given that if cosmic rays are located in space, then paths are shopping malls, it can be inferred that if the statement that 'if the claim that some graphics devices impose a limit on the number of vertices there can be in a polygon is false, then slavery is economic suicide' is incorrect, then semantic analysis is an extension of context analysis."]
|
Should it be the case that the claim that some graphics devices impose a limit on the number of vertices there can be in a polygon is false, it follows that the claim that slavery is economic suicide has no merit. Those that suggest semantic analysis is an extension of context analysis are wrong. It is a fact that either bicycle helmets are the best protection against mishaps that cause death or injury or if cosmic rays are located in space, then paths are shopping malls. Provided that bicycle helmets are the best protection against mishaps that cause death or injury, we know that if the statement that 'if the claim that some graphics devices impose a limit on the number of vertices there can be in a polygon is false, then slavery is economic suicide' is incorrect, then semantic analysis is an extension of context analysis. Given that if cosmic rays are located in space, then paths are shopping malls, it can be inferred that if the statement that 'if the claim that some graphics devices impose a limit on the number of vertices there can be in a polygon is false, then slavery is economic suicide' is incorrect, then semantic analysis is an extension of context analysis.
|
The claim that some graphics devices impose a limit on the number of vertices there can be in a polygon is true.
|
Some graphics devices are able to display grayscale images.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].).
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Some graphics devices impose a limit on the number of vertices there can be in a polygon.', 1: 'Slavery is economic suicide.', 2: 'Semantic analysis is an extension of context analysis.', 3: 'Bicycle helmets are the best protection against mishaps that cause death or injury.', 4: 'Cosmic rays are located in space.', 5: 'Paths are shopping malls.'}
| 3 |
2,457 |
['Either sound recorder is a simpe tool for recording and playing sound files or either alcoholism is a chronic disease that can cause emotional and social problems or most male rabbits have tendencies.', 'On the condition that either alcoholism is a chronic disease that can cause emotional and social problems or most male rabbits have tendencies, it is definitely the case that either some people keep birds or goat kids require nutrition.', 'It is rational to agree that many deaths occur around the world each year due to human contact with a third rail.', 'When some people mistakenly believe that if many deaths occur around the world each year due to human contact with a third rail, then if sound recorder is a simpe tool for recording and playing sound files, then either some people keep birds or goat kids require nutrition is true, it follows that some owls rely on lemmings.', 'We know that the claim that some owls rely on lemmings is false.']
|
Either sound recorder is a simpe tool for recording and playing sound files or either alcoholism is a chronic disease that can cause emotional and social problems or most male rabbits have tendencies. On the condition that either alcoholism is a chronic disease that can cause emotional and social problems or most male rabbits have tendencies, it is definitely the case that either some people keep birds or goat kids require nutrition. It is rational to agree that many deaths occur around the world each year due to human contact with a third rail. When some people mistakenly believe that if many deaths occur around the world each year due to human contact with a third rail, then if sound recorder is a simpe tool for recording and playing sound files, then either some people keep birds or goat kids require nutrition is true, it follows that some owls rely on lemmings. We know that the claim that some owls rely on lemmings is false.
|
It is rational to believe that either some people keep birds or goat kids require nutrition.
|
There is good reason to believe that either some people think that drug laws are important so that drug dealers can be put in jail or stress is implicated in many diseases.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC2-1]
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).). [SC1-2]
[5]
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [5], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).).), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, If [5], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Some people keep birds.', 1: 'Goat kids require nutrition.', 2: 'Sound recorder is a simpe tool for recording and playing sound files.', 3: 'Alcoholism is a chronic disease that can cause emotional and social problems.', 4: 'Most male rabbits have tendencies.', 5: 'Many deaths occur around the world each year due to human contact with a third rail.', 6: 'Some owls rely on lemmings.'}
| 3 |
2,362 |
['Should it be the case that medications can also alter sleeping patterns, it follows that network security is one of the biggest issues businesses face in using the Internet.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either optical diffusers work to instantly reduce the look of fine lines around lips or medications can also alter sleeping patterns does not correspond with reality, then grey squirrels are non-territorial.', 'We know that the claim that grey squirrels are non-territorial is false.', 'Given that lotus is a software and service company, it can be inferred that if optical diffusers work to instantly reduce the look of fine lines around lips, then network security is one of the biggest issues businesses face in using the Internet.', 'It is fair to say that lotus is a software and service company.']
|
Should it be the case that medications can also alter sleeping patterns, it follows that network security is one of the biggest issues businesses face in using the Internet. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either optical diffusers work to instantly reduce the look of fine lines around lips or medications can also alter sleeping patterns does not correspond with reality, then grey squirrels are non-territorial. We know that the claim that grey squirrels are non-territorial is false. Given that lotus is a software and service company, it can be inferred that if optical diffusers work to instantly reduce the look of fine lines around lips, then network security is one of the biggest issues businesses face in using the Internet. It is fair to say that lotus is a software and service company.
|
The claim that network security is one of the biggest issues businesses face in using the Internet is true.
|
The statement that states network security is one of the biggest issues businesses face in using the Internet is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).
[4]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Network security is one of the biggest issues businesses face in using the Internet.', 1: 'Optical diffusers work to instantly reduce the look of fine lines around lips.', 2: 'Medications can also alter sleeping patterns.', 3: 'Grey squirrels are non-territorial.', 4: 'Lotus is a software and service company.'}
| 3 |
2,860 |
['Either humans are part of the animal kingdom or milk is used as a beverage and on cereals.', 'Should it be the case that humans are part of the animal kingdom , it follows that life evolves over years.', 'It is not true that equipment is an important part of scuba.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: most soft drinks contain caffeine, or some mice develop tumors.', 'Assuming most soft drinks contain caffeine, we know that equipment is an important part of scuba.', 'If some mice develop tumors, then if milk is used as a beverage and on cereals, then life evolves over years.']
|
Either humans are part of the animal kingdom or milk is used as a beverage and on cereals. Should it be the case that humans are part of the animal kingdom , it follows that life evolves over years. It is not true that equipment is an important part of scuba. We know that at least one of two things is true: most soft drinks contain caffeine, or some mice develop tumors. Assuming most soft drinks contain caffeine, we know that equipment is an important part of scuba. If some mice develop tumors, then if milk is used as a beverage and on cereals, then life evolves over years.
|
It is reasonable to believe that life evolves over years.
|
Some life lasts for weeks.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].). [SC1-2]
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
[SC1-2]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then [3].
If [5], then (If [2], then [0].).
Therefore, Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].)..
|
{0: 'Life evolves over years.', 1: 'Humans are part of the animal kingdom .', 2: 'Milk is used as a beverage and on cereals.', 3: 'Equipment is an important part of scuba.', 4: 'Most soft drinks contain caffeine.', 5: 'Some mice develop tumors.'}
| 3 |
2,483 |
['When the claim that if the statement, multiculturalism is a perspective which provides a central set of practice principles, does not hold, then amusement is located in fairgrounds does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that most individuals live in conditions.', 'The statement, most individuals live in conditions, does not hold.', "If amusement is located in fairgrounds, then parents play a key role in children's development.", "Given that amusement is located in fairgrounds, it can be inferred that the notion that 'parents play a key role in children's development' is untrue."]
|
When the claim that if the statement, multiculturalism is a perspective which provides a central set of practice principles, does not hold, then amusement is located in fairgrounds does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that most individuals live in conditions. The statement, most individuals live in conditions, does not hold. If amusement is located in fairgrounds, then parents play a key role in children's development. Given that amusement is located in fairgrounds, it can be inferred that the notion that 'parents play a key role in children's development' is untrue.
|
Many people rightly believe that multiculturalism is a perspective which provides a central set of practice principles.
|
The statement, multiculturalism is a perspective which provides a central set of practice principles, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Multiculturalism is a perspective which provides a central set of practice principles.', 1: 'Amusement is located in fairgrounds.', 2: "Parents play a key role in children's development.", 3: 'Most individuals live in conditions.'}
| 3 |
2,580 |
['One may reasonably assume that if the statement, if the claim that if art schools are conservatories, then mandrills have (part) ears has no merit, then orthodontic wax protects sharp edges, especially on braces, does not hold, then most pears have yellow skin.', 'Provided that the statement, if the claim that if art schools are conservatories, then mandrills have (part) ears has no merit, then orthodontic wax protects sharp edges, especially on braces, does not hold, we know that the claim that most pears have yellow skin has no merit.', 'At least one of two things is true: early detection is key to increasing the survival rate for oral cancer, or the statement that states orthodontic wax protects sharp edges, especially on braces is false.', 'Those that suggest early detection is key to increasing the survival rate for oral cancer are wrong.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if the statement, if the claim that if art schools are conservatories, then mandrills have (part) ears has no merit, then orthodontic wax protects sharp edges, especially on braces, does not hold, then most pears have yellow skin. Provided that the statement, if the claim that if art schools are conservatories, then mandrills have (part) ears has no merit, then orthodontic wax protects sharp edges, especially on braces, does not hold, we know that the claim that most pears have yellow skin has no merit. At least one of two things is true: early detection is key to increasing the survival rate for oral cancer, or the statement that states orthodontic wax protects sharp edges, especially on braces is false. Those that suggest early detection is key to increasing the survival rate for oral cancer are wrong.
|
Assuming art schools are conservatories, we know that mandrills have (part) ears.
|
One may reasonably assume that if art schools are conservatories, then most mandrills have omnivorous diets.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Not [2].).
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Art schools are conservatories.', 1: 'Mandrills have (part) ears.', 2: 'Orthodontic wax protects sharp edges, especially on braces.', 3: 'Most pears have yellow skin.', 4: 'Early detection is key to increasing the survival rate for oral cancer.'}
| 3 |
2,986 |
['Should it be the case that most dogs become anxious or feel threatened when they hear the loud sounds of a hairdryer, it follows that if many insect pests can quickly get out hand on fast growing container plants, then plasma membrane is only a minor membrane in most euk.', 'Given that black mambas devour their food whole, it can be inferred that if many insect pests can quickly get out hand on fast growing container plants, then plasma membrane is only a minor membrane in most euk.', 'We know that either if elephantiasis is treated by plastic surgery, then beta carotene helps maintain health by deactivating damaging free radicals or either most dogs become anxious or feel threatened when they hear the loud sounds of a hairdryer or black mambas devour their food whole.', 'Should it be the case that if elephantiasis is treated by plastic surgery, then beta carotene helps maintain health by deactivating damaging free radicals, it follows that some ovaries are part of buds.', "The statement 'some ovaries are part of buds' can be considered false."]
|
Should it be the case that most dogs become anxious or feel threatened when they hear the loud sounds of a hairdryer, it follows that if many insect pests can quickly get out hand on fast growing container plants, then plasma membrane is only a minor membrane in most euk. Given that black mambas devour their food whole, it can be inferred that if many insect pests can quickly get out hand on fast growing container plants, then plasma membrane is only a minor membrane in most euk. We know that either if elephantiasis is treated by plastic surgery, then beta carotene helps maintain health by deactivating damaging free radicals or either most dogs become anxious or feel threatened when they hear the loud sounds of a hairdryer or black mambas devour their food whole. Should it be the case that if elephantiasis is treated by plastic surgery, then beta carotene helps maintain health by deactivating damaging free radicals, it follows that some ovaries are part of buds. The statement 'some ovaries are part of buds' can be considered false.
|
Once we know many insect pests can quickly get out hand on fast growing container plants, we also know that plasma membrane is only a minor membrane in most euk.
|
So long as many insect pests can quickly get out hand on fast growing container plants, 'a plasma membrane is a semipermeable membrane' is true.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [4], then [5].) or (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (If [4], then [5].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (If [4], then [5].), then [6].
Not [6].
Therefore, Not (If [4], then [5].)..
|
{0: 'Many insect pests can quickly get out hand on fast growing container plants.', 1: 'Plasma membrane is only a minor membrane in most euk.', 2: 'Most dogs become anxious or feel threatened when they hear the loud sounds of a hairdryer.', 3: 'Black mambas devour their food whole.', 4: 'Elephantiasis is treated by plastic surgery.', 5: 'Beta carotene helps maintain health by deactivating damaging free radicals.', 6: 'Some ovaries are part of buds.'}
| 3 |
2,688 |
['Should it be the case that the claim that either poets are writers or myocardial disease is the most frequent cause of inflight death does not correspond with reality, it follows that ammonites recover from near extinction and become important guide fossils.', 'It is not the case that ammonites recover from near extinction and become important guide fossils.', 'Given that poets are writers, it can be inferred that fog is a cloud that has formed on the ground.', 'It is a common misconception that fog is a cloud that has formed on the ground.']
|
Should it be the case that the claim that either poets are writers or myocardial disease is the most frequent cause of inflight death does not correspond with reality, it follows that ammonites recover from near extinction and become important guide fossils. It is not the case that ammonites recover from near extinction and become important guide fossils. Given that poets are writers, it can be inferred that fog is a cloud that has formed on the ground. It is a common misconception that fog is a cloud that has formed on the ground.
|
The statement 'myocardial disease is the most frequent cause of inflight death' can be considered true.
|
The claim that myocardial disease is the most frequent cause of inflight death has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Myocardial disease is the most frequent cause of inflight death.', 1: 'Poets are writers.', 2: 'Ammonites recover from near extinction and become important guide fossils.', 3: 'Fog is a cloud that has formed on the ground.'}
| 3 |
2,864 |
['On the condition that the claim that either adoptive parents can also state the characteristics they hope to find in the birthparents or rain causes flooding does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that if some lizards maintain weight, then special holidays provide occasions for children.', "It is rational to believe that either if some studies indicate there's a higher risk among men who've had vasectomies, then women have children who are always getting sick or conditioning starts when fatigue begins.", "So long as conditioning starts when fatigue begins, 'it is a common misconception that if some lizards maintain weight, then special holidays provide occasions for children' is true.", "When if some studies indicate there's a higher risk among men who've had vasectomies, then women have children who are always getting sick is true, it follows that if cattle trampling can cause serious and sometimes irreversible damage, then human athletes can increase the size of their hearts through proper conditioning.", 'On the condition that if cattle trampling can cause serious and sometimes irreversible damage, then human athletes can increase the size of their hearts through proper conditioning, it is definitely the case that it is a common misconception that if some lizards maintain weight, then special holidays provide occasions for children.']
|
On the condition that the claim that either adoptive parents can also state the characteristics they hope to find in the birthparents or rain causes flooding does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that if some lizards maintain weight, then special holidays provide occasions for children. It is rational to believe that either if some studies indicate there's a higher risk among men who've had vasectomies, then women have children who are always getting sick or conditioning starts when fatigue begins. So long as conditioning starts when fatigue begins, 'it is a common misconception that if some lizards maintain weight, then special holidays provide occasions for children' is true. When if some studies indicate there's a higher risk among men who've had vasectomies, then women have children who are always getting sick is true, it follows that if cattle trampling can cause serious and sometimes irreversible damage, then human athletes can increase the size of their hearts through proper conditioning. On the condition that if cattle trampling can cause serious and sometimes irreversible damage, then human athletes can increase the size of their hearts through proper conditioning, it is definitely the case that it is a common misconception that if some lizards maintain weight, then special holidays provide occasions for children.
|
It is a fact that either adoptive parents can also state the characteristics they hope to find in the birthparents or rain causes flooding.
|
Either adoptive parents are real parents or rain carves out creeks and riverbeds, washing silt to larger bodies of water.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [4], then [5].) or [6].
If (If [4], then [5].), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).). [SC2-2]
If [6], then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, Not (If [2], then [3].)..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If [7], then [8].).
If (If [7], then [8].), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, If (If [4], then [5].), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).)..
|
{0: 'Adoptive parents can also state the characteristics they hope to find in the birthparents.', 1: 'Rain causes flooding.', 2: 'Some lizards maintain weight.', 3: 'Special holidays provide occasions for children.', 4: "Some studies indicate there's a higher risk among men who've had vasectomies.", 5: 'Women have children who are always getting sick.', 6: 'Conditioning starts when fatigue begins.', 7: 'Cattle trampling can cause serious and sometimes irreversible damage.', 8: 'Human athletes can increase the size of their hearts through proper conditioning.'}
| 3 |
2,927 |
["Given that the statement that 'if the claim that rationalism transforins morality into eternal laws has no merit, then black plate is a tin mill product which is free of metallic coating' is incorrect, it can be inferred that if black widow venom produces reaction, then prey animals are usually able to run with the heard after a short time.", "The statement that 'if black widow venom produces reaction, then prey animals are usually able to run with the heard after a short time' is incorrect.", 'Either power law describes how something expands and loses energy or if the claim that rationalism transforins morality into eternal laws has no merit, then we know that the claim that black plate is a tin mill product which is free of metallic coating is false.', 'We know that the claim that power law describes how something expands and loses energy is false.']
|
Given that the statement that 'if the claim that rationalism transforins morality into eternal laws has no merit, then black plate is a tin mill product which is free of metallic coating' is incorrect, it can be inferred that if black widow venom produces reaction, then prey animals are usually able to run with the heard after a short time. The statement that 'if black widow venom produces reaction, then prey animals are usually able to run with the heard after a short time' is incorrect. Either power law describes how something expands and loses energy or if the claim that rationalism transforins morality into eternal laws has no merit, then we know that the claim that black plate is a tin mill product which is free of metallic coating is false. We know that the claim that power law describes how something expands and loses energy is false.
|
The claim that rationalism transforins morality into eternal laws is true.
|
The claim that rationalism transforins morality into eternal laws is true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Rationalism transforins morality into eternal laws.', 1: 'Black plate is a tin mill product which is free of metallic coating.', 2: 'Black widow venom produces reaction.', 3: 'Prey animals are usually able to run with the heard after a short time.', 4: 'Power law describes how something expands and loses energy.'}
| 3 |
2,378 |
["So long as the claim that either protect areas have poach problems or if predation is higher in predator preferred habitat, then common dolphins have vertebrae does not correspond with reality, 'food needs a lot of oxygen to be digested' is true.", "When the claim that either protect areas have poach problems or if predation is higher in predator preferred habitat, then common dolphins have vertebrae does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that the notion that 'food needs a lot of oxygen to be digested' is untrue.", 'Provided that protect areas have poach problems, we know that a newspaper publisher is an owner.', 'It is a common misconception that a newspaper publisher is an owner.']
|
So long as the claim that either protect areas have poach problems or if predation is higher in predator preferred habitat, then common dolphins have vertebrae does not correspond with reality, 'food needs a lot of oxygen to be digested' is true. When the claim that either protect areas have poach problems or if predation is higher in predator preferred habitat, then common dolphins have vertebrae does not correspond with reality is true, it follows that the notion that 'food needs a lot of oxygen to be digested' is untrue. Provided that protect areas have poach problems, we know that a newspaper publisher is an owner. It is a common misconception that a newspaper publisher is an owner.
|
Once we know predation is higher in predator preferred habitat, we also know that common dolphins have vertebrae.
|
Once we know predation is higher in predator preferred habitat, we also know that common dolphins are the most abundant and wide spread species of dolphins.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).).), then [3].
If (Not (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Predation is higher in predator preferred habitat.', 1: 'Common dolphins have vertebrae.', 2: 'Protect areas have poach problems.', 3: 'Food needs a lot of oxygen to be digested.', 4: 'A newspaper publisher is an owner.'}
| 3 |
2,320 |
['Once we know american families pay more in taxes than on food, clothing, housing, and transportation combined, we also know that if the claim that direct involvement is where industries take up the development tasks directly is false, then frost kills flowers.', 'It is true that american families pay more in taxes than on food, clothing, housing, and transportation combined.', "There is good reason to believe that either either software piracy can lead to stiff fines and criminal prosecutions or halos are rings around lights or if the claim that direct involvement is where industries take up the development tasks directly is false, then the statement that 'frost kills flowers' is incorrect.", 'It is not the case that either software piracy can lead to stiff fines and criminal prosecutions or halos are rings around lights.']
|
Once we know american families pay more in taxes than on food, clothing, housing, and transportation combined, we also know that if the claim that direct involvement is where industries take up the development tasks directly is false, then frost kills flowers. It is true that american families pay more in taxes than on food, clothing, housing, and transportation combined. There is good reason to believe that either either software piracy can lead to stiff fines and criminal prosecutions or halos are rings around lights or if the claim that direct involvement is where industries take up the development tasks directly is false, then the statement that 'frost kills flowers' is incorrect. It is not the case that either software piracy can lead to stiff fines and criminal prosecutions or halos are rings around lights.
|
It is a simple truth that direct involvement is where industries take up the development tasks directly.
|
Career counselors work with clients at various stages of their careers.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
[4]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Direct involvement is where industries take up the development tasks directly.', 1: 'Frost kills flowers.', 2: 'Software piracy can lead to stiff fines and criminal prosecutions.', 3: 'Halos are rings around lights.', 4: 'American families pay more in taxes than on food, clothing, housing, and transportation combined.'}
| 3 |
2,942 |
["So long as foetal distress is most commonly the consequence of maternal distress, 'many alloys contain zinc, including brass, an alloy of zinc and copper' is true.", "So long as the notion that 'if foetal distress is most commonly the consequence of maternal distress, then it is not the case that many alloys contain zinc, including brass, an alloy of zinc and copper' is untrue, 'peccaries are immune to some snake venoms' is true.", 'If peccaries are immune to some snake venoms, then walruses feed on animals.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that walruses feed on animals.']
|
So long as foetal distress is most commonly the consequence of maternal distress, 'many alloys contain zinc, including brass, an alloy of zinc and copper' is true. So long as the notion that 'if foetal distress is most commonly the consequence of maternal distress, then it is not the case that many alloys contain zinc, including brass, an alloy of zinc and copper' is untrue, 'peccaries are immune to some snake venoms' is true. If peccaries are immune to some snake venoms, then walruses feed on animals. Some people mistakenly believe that walruses feed on animals.
|
The claim that foetal distress is most commonly the consequence of maternal distress has no merit.
|
The claim that foetal distress is most commonly the consequence of maternal distress has no merit.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Foetal distress is most commonly the consequence of maternal distress.', 1: 'Many alloys contain zinc, including brass, an alloy of zinc and copper.', 2: 'Peccaries are immune to some snake venoms.', 3: 'Walruses feed on animals.'}
| 3 |
2,351 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: first fall frost kills plants, or some companies hire paralegals instead of lawyers, because they are less expensive to hire.', 'Provided that first fall frost kills plants, we know that if most norway rats reach maturity, then it is not true that mice are excellent climbers and can scale almost any wall having a rough surface.', 'One may reasonably assume that if some companies hire paralegals instead of lawyers, because they are less expensive to hire, then if most norway rats reach maturity, then it is not true that mice are excellent climbers and can scale almost any wall having a rough surface.', 'It is rational to believe that either some creatures live in rainforests or if antidepressant medications can be very helpful, then tics are involuntary twitch-like movements involving groups of muscles.', "Whenever it is true that some creatures live in rainforests, 'most norway rats reach maturity' is true.", 'On the condition that if antidepressant medications can be very helpful, then tics are involuntary twitch-like movements involving groups of muscles, it is definitely the case that most norway rats reach maturity.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: first fall frost kills plants, or some companies hire paralegals instead of lawyers, because they are less expensive to hire. Provided that first fall frost kills plants, we know that if most norway rats reach maturity, then it is not true that mice are excellent climbers and can scale almost any wall having a rough surface. One may reasonably assume that if some companies hire paralegals instead of lawyers, because they are less expensive to hire, then if most norway rats reach maturity, then it is not true that mice are excellent climbers and can scale almost any wall having a rough surface. It is rational to believe that either some creatures live in rainforests or if antidepressant medications can be very helpful, then tics are involuntary twitch-like movements involving groups of muscles. Whenever it is true that some creatures live in rainforests, 'most norway rats reach maturity' is true. On the condition that if antidepressant medications can be very helpful, then tics are involuntary twitch-like movements involving groups of muscles, it is definitely the case that most norway rats reach maturity.
|
It is not true that mice are excellent climbers and can scale almost any wall having a rough surface.
|
It is not true that mice are excellent climbers and can scale almost any wall having a rough surface.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
If [3], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (If [5], then [6].).
If [4], then [1].
If (If [5], then [6].), then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Mice are excellent climbers and can scale almost any wall having a rough surface.', 1: 'Most norway rats reach maturity.', 2: 'First fall frost kills plants.', 3: 'Some companies hire paralegals instead of lawyers, because they are less expensive to hire.', 4: 'Some creatures live in rainforests.', 5: 'Antidepressant medications can be very helpful.', 6: 'Tics are involuntary twitch-like movements involving groups of muscles.'}
| 3 |
2,418 |
["Either if women tend to have higher levels of the good cholesterol than men, then psoriasis causes the skin to lose water to the environment or if chile is the world's second largest salmon exporter, then anemia is a low level of red blood cells and as a result, patients feel weak and tired.", 'Given that if women tend to have higher levels of the good cholesterol than men, then psoriasis causes the skin to lose water to the environment, it can be inferred that some bears has-part snouts.', "So long as the statement 'if if chile is the world's second largest salmon exporter, then anemia is a low level of red blood cells and as a result, patients feel weak and tired, then some bears has-part snouts' can be considered false, 'platelets are microscopic cell fragments whose main function is to help blood clot' is true.", 'Provided that platelets are microscopic cell fragments whose main function is to help blood clot, we know that either love can be personal, or religious or tree frogs produce substances.', 'We know that the claim that either love can be personal, or religious or tree frogs produce substances is false.']
|
Either if women tend to have higher levels of the good cholesterol than men, then psoriasis causes the skin to lose water to the environment or if chile is the world's second largest salmon exporter, then anemia is a low level of red blood cells and as a result, patients feel weak and tired. Given that if women tend to have higher levels of the good cholesterol than men, then psoriasis causes the skin to lose water to the environment, it can be inferred that some bears has-part snouts. So long as the statement 'if if chile is the world's second largest salmon exporter, then anemia is a low level of red blood cells and as a result, patients feel weak and tired, then some bears has-part snouts' can be considered false, 'platelets are microscopic cell fragments whose main function is to help blood clot' is true. Provided that platelets are microscopic cell fragments whose main function is to help blood clot, we know that either love can be personal, or religious or tree frogs produce substances. We know that the claim that either love can be personal, or religious or tree frogs produce substances is false.
|
Those that suggest some bears has-part snouts are right.
|
Those that suggest some bears has-part snouts are right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or (If [3], then [4].).
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If (If [3], then [4].), then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (If [3], then [4].), then [0].).), then [5].
Not [5]. [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (If [3], then [4].), then [0]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Tonens:
If [5], then (Either [6] or [7].).
Not (Either [6] or [7].).
Therefore, Not [5]..
|
{0: 'Some bears has-part snouts.', 1: 'Women tend to have higher levels of the good cholesterol than men.', 2: 'Psoriasis causes the skin to lose water to the environment.', 3: "Chile is the world's second largest salmon exporter.", 4: 'Anemia is a low level of red blood cells and as a result, patients feel weak and tired.', 5: 'Platelets are microscopic cell fragments whose main function is to help blood clot.', 6: 'Love can be personal, or religious.', 7: 'Tree frogs produce substances.'}
| 3 |
2,945 |
['Assuming some people mistakenly believe that elephant shrews vary in size, we know that a haircloth is cloth.', 'We know that the claim that proper temperature is necessary for living things to carry out life processes is false.', 'Provided that the statement that states if it is not true that if some people mistakenly believe that elephant shrews vary in size, then some people mistakenly believe that a haircloth is cloth, then proper temperature is necessary for living things to carry out life processes is false, we know that mangroves produce extensive root systems.', "The notion that 'mangroves produce extensive root systems' is untrue."]
|
Assuming some people mistakenly believe that elephant shrews vary in size, we know that a haircloth is cloth. We know that the claim that proper temperature is necessary for living things to carry out life processes is false. Provided that the statement that states if it is not true that if some people mistakenly believe that elephant shrews vary in size, then some people mistakenly believe that a haircloth is cloth, then proper temperature is necessary for living things to carry out life processes is false, we know that mangroves produce extensive root systems. The notion that 'mangroves produce extensive root systems' is untrue.
|
It is the case that elephant shrews vary in size.
|
Elephant shrews are small mammals that have a long nose and feed on insects.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Elephant shrews vary in size.', 1: 'A haircloth is cloth.', 2: 'Proper temperature is necessary for living things to carry out life processes.', 3: 'Mangroves produce extensive root systems.'}
| 3 |
2,795 |
['At least one of two things is true: vertebrates grow cells, or weight is the force generated by the gravitational attraction of the earth on the airplane.', 'On the condition that vertebrates grow cells, it is definitely the case that if customers see results, then girls are as likely as boys to report smoking on a daily basis.', 'When weight is the force generated by the gravitational attraction of the earth on the airplane is true, it follows that if customers see results, then girls are as likely as boys to report smoking on a daily basis.', "Whenever it is true that the statement that 'customers see results' is incorrect, 'thai women are among the most economically active in Asia' is true.", "Once we know the statement that 'customers see results' is incorrect, we also know that the claim that thai women are among the most economically active in Asia is false."]
|
At least one of two things is true: vertebrates grow cells, or weight is the force generated by the gravitational attraction of the earth on the airplane. On the condition that vertebrates grow cells, it is definitely the case that if customers see results, then girls are as likely as boys to report smoking on a daily basis. When weight is the force generated by the gravitational attraction of the earth on the airplane is true, it follows that if customers see results, then girls are as likely as boys to report smoking on a daily basis. Whenever it is true that the statement that 'customers see results' is incorrect, 'thai women are among the most economically active in Asia' is true. Once we know the statement that 'customers see results' is incorrect, we also know that the claim that thai women are among the most economically active in Asia is false.
|
The statement 'girls are as likely as boys to report smoking on a daily basis' is true.
|
Girls begin to ovulate and menstruate.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [4].
If (Not [1].), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Girls are as likely as boys to report smoking on a daily basis.', 1: 'Customers see results.', 2: 'Vertebrates grow cells.', 3: 'Weight is the force generated by the gravitational attraction of the earth on the airplane.', 4: 'Thai women are among the most economically active in Asia.'}
| 3 |
2,145 |
['We know that either either all places have their own natural resources or cervical cytology is completed to rule out cervical cancer or if most dental insurance is group insurance, then a tread is a step.', 'The statement that states either all places have their own natural resources or cervical cytology is completed to rule out cervical cancer is false.', 'It is a fact that either prolactin is a hormone that is integrally involved in mammary gland development and lactation or most dental insurance is group insurance.', 'The claim that prolactin is a hormone that is integrally involved in mammary gland development and lactation is false.']
|
We know that either either all places have their own natural resources or cervical cytology is completed to rule out cervical cancer or if most dental insurance is group insurance, then a tread is a step. The statement that states either all places have their own natural resources or cervical cytology is completed to rule out cervical cancer is false. It is a fact that either prolactin is a hormone that is integrally involved in mammary gland development and lactation or most dental insurance is group insurance. The claim that prolactin is a hormone that is integrally involved in mammary gland development and lactation is false.
|
The claim that a tread is a step holds true.
|
The claim that a tread is a step holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (If [1], then [0].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'A tread is a step.', 1: 'Most dental insurance is group insurance.', 2: 'Prolactin is a hormone that is integrally involved in mammary gland development and lactation.', 3: 'All places have their own natural resources.', 4: 'Cervical cytology is completed to rule out cervical cancer.'}
| 3 |
2,826 |
['Given that it is a common misconception that homologous genes function in fly and fish segmentation, it can be inferred that some people mistakenly believe that fire creates seedbeds favorable for germination and establishment.', 'On the condition that it is a common misconception that if it is a common misconception that homologous genes function in fly and fish segmentation, then fire creates seedbeds favorable for germination and establishment, it is definitely the case that if common moles are small mouse-sized mammals adapted to living underground, then some pinyons provide food.', "Assuming some tornadoes occur inside tropical cyclones and hurricanes, we know that if it is a common misconception that if it is a common misconception that homologous genes function in fly and fish segmentation, then fire creates seedbeds favorable for germination and establishment, then the notion that 'if common moles are small mouse-sized mammals adapted to living underground, then some pinyons provide food' is untrue.", 'The claim that some tornadoes occur inside tropical cyclones and hurricanes is true.']
|
Given that it is a common misconception that homologous genes function in fly and fish segmentation, it can be inferred that some people mistakenly believe that fire creates seedbeds favorable for germination and establishment. On the condition that it is a common misconception that if it is a common misconception that homologous genes function in fly and fish segmentation, then fire creates seedbeds favorable for germination and establishment, it is definitely the case that if common moles are small mouse-sized mammals adapted to living underground, then some pinyons provide food. Assuming some tornadoes occur inside tropical cyclones and hurricanes, we know that if it is a common misconception that if it is a common misconception that homologous genes function in fly and fish segmentation, then fire creates seedbeds favorable for germination and establishment, then the notion that 'if common moles are small mouse-sized mammals adapted to living underground, then some pinyons provide food' is untrue. The claim that some tornadoes occur inside tropical cyclones and hurricanes is true.
|
The claim that homologous genes function in fly and fish segmentation is true.
|
Homologous genes can be identified in many species, however their function is yet to be elucidated.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).).
[4]
Therefore, If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).)..
|
{0: 'Homologous genes function in fly and fish segmentation.', 1: 'Fire creates seedbeds favorable for germination and establishment.', 2: 'Common moles are small mouse-sized mammals adapted to living underground.', 3: 'Some pinyons provide food.', 4: 'Some tornadoes occur inside tropical cyclones and hurricanes.'}
| 3 |
2,492 |
["Should it be the case that the notion that 'either physical activity helps consume more calories or tea is said to slow down digestion' is untrue, it follows that butterflies give the weavers a chance to show of their ideas of color and symitry.", 'Given that butterflies give the weavers a chance to show of their ideas of color and symitry, it can be inferred that pericardial cysts are rare and are usually located at the right costophrenic angle.', 'There is good reason to believe that either wetlands are very important for good, clean water or interpretation is a type of storytelling.', 'One may reasonably assume that if wetlands are very important for good, clean water, then if butterflies give the weavers a chance to show of their ideas of color and symitry, then the claim that pericardial cysts are rare and are usually located at the right costophrenic angle does not reflect reality.', 'On the condition that interpretation is a type of storytelling, it is definitely the case that if butterflies give the weavers a chance to show of their ideas of color and symitry, then the claim that pericardial cysts are rare and are usually located at the right costophrenic angle does not reflect reality.']
|
Should it be the case that the notion that 'either physical activity helps consume more calories or tea is said to slow down digestion' is untrue, it follows that butterflies give the weavers a chance to show of their ideas of color and symitry. Given that butterflies give the weavers a chance to show of their ideas of color and symitry, it can be inferred that pericardial cysts are rare and are usually located at the right costophrenic angle. There is good reason to believe that either wetlands are very important for good, clean water or interpretation is a type of storytelling. One may reasonably assume that if wetlands are very important for good, clean water, then if butterflies give the weavers a chance to show of their ideas of color and symitry, then the claim that pericardial cysts are rare and are usually located at the right costophrenic angle does not reflect reality. On the condition that interpretation is a type of storytelling, it is definitely the case that if butterflies give the weavers a chance to show of their ideas of color and symitry, then the claim that pericardial cysts are rare and are usually located at the right costophrenic angle does not reflect reality.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: physical activity helps consume more calories, or tea is said to slow down digestion.
|
The claim that either physical activity helps consume more calories or tea is said to slow down digestion does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [2], then [3].
If [2], then (Not [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [2]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If [2], then (Not [3].).).
If [5], then (If [2], then (Not [3].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [3].)..
|
{0: 'Physical activity helps consume more calories.', 1: 'Tea is said to slow down digestion.', 2: 'Butterflies give the weavers a chance to show of their ideas of color and symitry.', 3: 'Pericardial cysts are rare and are usually located at the right costophrenic angle.', 4: 'Wetlands are very important for good, clean water.', 5: 'Interpretation is a type of storytelling.'}
| 3 |
2,751 |
["Once we know hydrocarbons are the fundamental family of molecules studied in the field of organic chemistry, we also know that plants are the foundation of the ecosystem's food chain.", "Should it be the case that plants are the foundation of the ecosystem's food chain, it follows that red raspberry is our common raspberry.", 'Assuming we know that the claim that hydrocarbons are the fundamental family of molecules studied in the field of organic chemistry is false, we know that masochism seems to be most common among successful, individualistic people.', 'It is not the case that masochism seems to be most common among successful, individualistic people.']
|
Once we know hydrocarbons are the fundamental family of molecules studied in the field of organic chemistry, we also know that plants are the foundation of the ecosystem's food chain. Should it be the case that plants are the foundation of the ecosystem's food chain, it follows that red raspberry is our common raspberry. Assuming we know that the claim that hydrocarbons are the fundamental family of molecules studied in the field of organic chemistry is false, we know that masochism seems to be most common among successful, individualistic people. It is not the case that masochism seems to be most common among successful, individualistic people.
|
The claim that red raspberry is our common raspberry is true.
|
The claim that red raspberry is our common raspberry is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [3].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Red raspberry is our common raspberry.', 1: 'Hydrocarbons are the fundamental family of molecules studied in the field of organic chemistry.', 2: 'Masochism seems to be most common among successful, individualistic people.', 3: "Plants are the foundation of the ecosystem's food chain."}
| 3 |
2,240 |
['When turkeys return to the bottomland where pecan trees and a variety of oaks become overnight roosts is true, it follows that sunshine is necessary to produce the energy needed for flower production.', 'The claim that gods are important in Pharaoh has no merit.', 'If insects do have retinoids, but they are only involved in vision, then if sunshine is necessary to produce the energy needed for flower production, then gods are important in Pharaoh.', 'The idea that insects do have retinoids, but they are only involved in vision is true.']
|
When turkeys return to the bottomland where pecan trees and a variety of oaks become overnight roosts is true, it follows that sunshine is necessary to produce the energy needed for flower production. The claim that gods are important in Pharaoh has no merit. If insects do have retinoids, but they are only involved in vision, then if sunshine is necessary to produce the energy needed for flower production, then gods are important in Pharaoh. The idea that insects do have retinoids, but they are only involved in vision is true.
|
The claim that turkeys return to the bottomland where pecan trees and a variety of oaks become overnight roosts has no merit.
|
The claim that turkeys have (part) cytoplasm has no merit.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2]. [SC1-2]
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [1], then [2].).
[3]
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Turkeys return to the bottomland where pecan trees and a variety of oaks become overnight roosts.', 1: 'Sunshine is necessary to produce the energy needed for flower production.', 2: 'Gods are important in Pharaoh.', 3: 'Insects do have retinoids, but they are only involved in vision.'}
| 3 |
2,648 |
['Given that the claim that if the claim that whiplash also herds other critters such as chickens, ducks, geese, etc does not reflect reality, then if vitamin E controls the number one killer in the Western world, coronary heart disease, then butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis is false, it can be inferred that either papain has the ability to dissolve dead tissue without damaging living cells or most european bison feed on grass.', 'It is not true that either papain has the ability to dissolve dead tissue without damaging living cells or most european bison feed on grass.', "Whenever it is true that if vitamin E controls the number one killer in the Western world, coronary heart disease, then butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis, 'if lead poisoning can impair intelligence and cause behavioral problems, then flowers are plant structures involved in sexual reproduction' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if if vitamin E controls the number one killer in the Western world, coronary heart disease, then butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis, then the statement that states if lead poisoning can impair intelligence and cause behavioral problems, then flowers are plant structures involved in sexual reproduction is false.']
|
Given that the claim that if the claim that whiplash also herds other critters such as chickens, ducks, geese, etc does not reflect reality, then if vitamin E controls the number one killer in the Western world, coronary heart disease, then butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis is false, it can be inferred that either papain has the ability to dissolve dead tissue without damaging living cells or most european bison feed on grass. It is not true that either papain has the ability to dissolve dead tissue without damaging living cells or most european bison feed on grass. Whenever it is true that if vitamin E controls the number one killer in the Western world, coronary heart disease, then butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis, 'if lead poisoning can impair intelligence and cause behavioral problems, then flowers are plant structures involved in sexual reproduction' is true. One may reasonably assume that if if vitamin E controls the number one killer in the Western world, coronary heart disease, then butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis, then the statement that states if lead poisoning can impair intelligence and cause behavioral problems, then flowers are plant structures involved in sexual reproduction is false.
|
It is true that whiplash also herds other critters such as chickens, ducks, geese, etc.
|
Whiplash can occur when the child's head sticks up above the seat back.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).).), then (Either [3] or [4].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [1], then [2].), then (If [5], then [6].).
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not (If [5], then [6].).).
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Whiplash also herds other critters such as chickens, ducks, geese, etc.', 1: 'Vitamin E controls the number one killer in the Western world, coronary heart disease.', 2: 'Butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis.', 3: 'Papain has the ability to dissolve dead tissue without damaging living cells.', 4: 'Most european bison feed on grass.', 5: 'Lead poisoning can impair intelligence and cause behavioral problems.', 6: 'Flowers are plant structures involved in sexual reproduction.'}
| 3 |
2,886 |
['If either highways are made of asphalt or modern day cooking typically mixes cardamom with orange flavors, cloves and caraway, then poultices are best for deep-seated pain or continuous inflammation.', "Once we know the notion that 'either either highways are made of asphalt or modern day cooking typically mixes cardamom with orange flavors, cloves and caraway or a chest is a body part' is untrue, we also know that blood pressure drops dangerously low and fluid builds up in the lungs.", "On the condition that the notion that 'either either highways are made of asphalt or modern day cooking typically mixes cardamom with orange flavors, cloves and caraway or a chest is a body part' is untrue, it is definitely the case that the claim that blood pressure drops dangerously low and fluid builds up in the lungs is false.", 'If those that suggest if a chest is a body part, then poultices are best for deep-seated pain or continuous inflammation are wrong, then trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming.', "The notion that 'trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming' is untrue."]
|
If either highways are made of asphalt or modern day cooking typically mixes cardamom with orange flavors, cloves and caraway, then poultices are best for deep-seated pain or continuous inflammation. Once we know the notion that 'either either highways are made of asphalt or modern day cooking typically mixes cardamom with orange flavors, cloves and caraway or a chest is a body part' is untrue, we also know that blood pressure drops dangerously low and fluid builds up in the lungs. On the condition that the notion that 'either either highways are made of asphalt or modern day cooking typically mixes cardamom with orange flavors, cloves and caraway or a chest is a body part' is untrue, it is definitely the case that the claim that blood pressure drops dangerously low and fluid builds up in the lungs is false. If those that suggest if a chest is a body part, then poultices are best for deep-seated pain or continuous inflammation are wrong, then trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming. The notion that 'trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming' is untrue.
|
It is a simple truth that poultices are best for deep-seated pain or continuous inflammation.
|
It is a simple truth that poultices are best for deep-seated pain or continuous inflammation.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3]. [SC1-1]
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].).), then [4].
If (Not (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then [0].).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If [3], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Poultices are best for deep-seated pain or continuous inflammation.', 1: 'Highways are made of asphalt.', 2: 'Modern day cooking typically mixes cardamom with orange flavors, cloves and caraway.', 3: 'A chest is a body part.', 4: 'Blood pressure drops dangerously low and fluid builds up in the lungs.', 5: 'Trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming.'}
| 3 |
2,144 |
["Given that the statement that 'all alligators bask, smaller ones most frequently' is incorrect, it can be inferred that chinese river dolphins Sea-world trains dolphins to do tricks for people.", 'It is a fact that either either electronic commerce has the potential to substantially benefit business and consumers or middle age is when broadness of the mind and narrowness of the waist change places or manuals provide information.', "One may reasonably assume that if either electronic commerce has the potential to substantially benefit business and consumers or middle age is when broadness of the mind and narrowness of the waist change places, then if the statement that 'all alligators bask, smaller ones most frequently' is incorrect, then the claim that chinese river dolphins Sea-world trains dolphins to do tricks for people does not reflect reality.", "It is a fact that either either red milo is another name for grain sorghum or most ants follow leaders or if manuals provide information, then if the statement that 'all alligators bask, smaller ones most frequently' is incorrect, then the claim that chinese river dolphins Sea-world trains dolphins to do tricks for people does not reflect reality.", 'We know that the claim that either red milo is another name for grain sorghum or most ants follow leaders is false.']
|
Given that the statement that 'all alligators bask, smaller ones most frequently' is incorrect, it can be inferred that chinese river dolphins Sea-world trains dolphins to do tricks for people. It is a fact that either either electronic commerce has the potential to substantially benefit business and consumers or middle age is when broadness of the mind and narrowness of the waist change places or manuals provide information. One may reasonably assume that if either electronic commerce has the potential to substantially benefit business and consumers or middle age is when broadness of the mind and narrowness of the waist change places, then if the statement that 'all alligators bask, smaller ones most frequently' is incorrect, then the claim that chinese river dolphins Sea-world trains dolphins to do tricks for people does not reflect reality. It is a fact that either either red milo is another name for grain sorghum or most ants follow leaders or if manuals provide information, then if the statement that 'all alligators bask, smaller ones most frequently' is incorrect, then the claim that chinese river dolphins Sea-world trains dolphins to do tricks for people does not reflect reality. We know that the claim that either red milo is another name for grain sorghum or most ants follow leaders is false.
|
It is fair to say that all alligators bask, smaller ones most frequently.
|
It is fair to say that all alligators bask, smaller ones most frequently.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).). [SC3-2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
[SC3-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [5] or [6].) or (If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).).
Not (Either [5] or [6].).
Therefore, If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).)..
|
{0: 'All alligators bask, smaller ones most frequently.', 1: 'Chinese river dolphins Sea-world trains dolphins to do tricks for people.', 2: 'Electronic commerce has the potential to substantially benefit business and consumers.', 3: 'Middle age is when broadness of the mind and narrowness of the waist change places.', 4: 'Manuals provide information.', 5: 'Red milo is another name for grain sorghum.', 6: 'Most ants follow leaders.'}
| 3 |
2,767 |
["So long as it is not true that either farms possess ducks or sassabies have (part) rib cages, 'some oysters die in sea' is true.", 'Many people rightly believe that poker is, of course, a game that can be played with real playing cards.', "Either one or both of these statements are true: psychosis develops from even mild stress, dysphoria, fear of abandonment, and emotional pain, or if poker is, of course, a game that can be played with real playing cards, then if it is not true that either farms possess ducks or sassabies have (part) rib cages, then the statement 'some oysters die in sea' can be considered false.", 'The claim that psychosis develops from even mild stress, dysphoria, fear of abandonment, and emotional pain has no merit.']
|
So long as it is not true that either farms possess ducks or sassabies have (part) rib cages, 'some oysters die in sea' is true. Many people rightly believe that poker is, of course, a game that can be played with real playing cards. Either one or both of these statements are true: psychosis develops from even mild stress, dysphoria, fear of abandonment, and emotional pain, or if poker is, of course, a game that can be played with real playing cards, then if it is not true that either farms possess ducks or sassabies have (part) rib cages, then the statement 'some oysters die in sea' can be considered false. The claim that psychosis develops from even mild stress, dysphoria, fear of abandonment, and emotional pain has no merit.
|
It is rational to believe that either farms possess ducks or sassabies have (part) rib cages.
|
It is a common misconception that either farms possess ducks or sassabies have (part) rib cages.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).). [SC1-2]
[3]
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [3], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Farms possess ducks.', 1: 'Sassabies have (part) rib cages.', 2: 'Some oysters die in sea.', 3: 'Poker is, of course, a game that can be played with real playing cards.', 4: 'Psychosis develops from even mild stress, dysphoria, fear of abandonment, and emotional pain.'}
| 3 |
2,999 |
['Provided that if doors are located in subways, then white houses are used for symbols, we know that if calcium is low however, but it is high in phosphorus, then orangutans have life.', "So long as doors are located in subways, 'white houses are used for symbols' is true.", "Whenever it is true that the statement 'calcium is low however, but it is high in phosphorus' can be considered false, 'gastropods exhibit it - their shells are coiled around a center point at the apex' is true.", "On the condition that the statement 'calcium is low however, but it is high in phosphorus' can be considered false, it is definitely the case that the statement that states gastropods exhibit it - their shells are coiled around a center point at the apex is false."]
|
Provided that if doors are located in subways, then white houses are used for symbols, we know that if calcium is low however, but it is high in phosphorus, then orangutans have life. So long as doors are located in subways, 'white houses are used for symbols' is true. Whenever it is true that the statement 'calcium is low however, but it is high in phosphorus' can be considered false, 'gastropods exhibit it - their shells are coiled around a center point at the apex' is true. On the condition that the statement 'calcium is low however, but it is high in phosphorus' can be considered false, it is definitely the case that the statement that states gastropods exhibit it - their shells are coiled around a center point at the apex is false.
|
The idea that orangutans have life is true.
|
The statement, orangutans have life, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [1], then [0].).
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [4].
If (Not [1].), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Orangutans have life.', 1: 'Calcium is low however, but it is high in phosphorus.', 2: 'Doors are located in subways.', 3: 'White houses are used for symbols.', 4: 'Gastropods exhibit it - their shells are coiled around a center point at the apex.'}
| 3 |
2,467 |
["If the statement that 'if plants grow in same areas, then we know that the claim that states have distinctive properties is false' is incorrect, then female lobsters reach maturity.", 'The statement, female lobsters reach maturity, does not hold.', "So long as it is not the case that plants grow in same areas, 'if workers benefit from style, then most arctic foxes mate for life' is true.", "Whenever it is true that it is not the case that plants grow in same areas, 'it is a common misconception that if workers benefit from style, then most arctic foxes mate for life' is true."]
|
If the statement that 'if plants grow in same areas, then we know that the claim that states have distinctive properties is false' is incorrect, then female lobsters reach maturity. The statement, female lobsters reach maturity, does not hold. So long as it is not the case that plants grow in same areas, 'if workers benefit from style, then most arctic foxes mate for life' is true. Whenever it is true that it is not the case that plants grow in same areas, 'it is a common misconception that if workers benefit from style, then most arctic foxes mate for life' is true.
|
We know that the claim that states have distinctive properties is false.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that many states sell their motor vehicle registration records to mailing list companies.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then (If [3], then [4].).
If (Not [1].), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'States have distinctive properties.', 1: 'Plants grow in same areas.', 2: 'Female lobsters reach maturity.', 3: 'Workers benefit from style.', 4: 'Most arctic foxes mate for life.'}
| 3 |
2,315 |
['Either magnetism pushes the impulse through or nutrient value begins with genetics of the plant and animal.', 'Should it be the case that nutrient value begins with genetics of the plant and animal, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that products develop over time.', 'Assuming the statement, if magnetism pushes the impulse through, then some people mistakenly believe that products develop over time, does not hold, we know that the claim that riparian forests are strips of forest along streams that serve as natural filters does not reflect reality.', 'We know that either art grows in many forms or many cultural practices can reduce pests by making their environment less favorable.', 'On the condition that art grows in many forms, it is definitely the case that if the statement, if magnetism pushes the impulse through, then some people mistakenly believe that products develop over time, does not hold, then riparian forests are strips of forest along streams that serve as natural filters.', 'Given that many cultural practices can reduce pests by making their environment less favorable, it can be inferred that if the statement, if magnetism pushes the impulse through, then some people mistakenly believe that products develop over time, does not hold, then riparian forests are strips of forest along streams that serve as natural filters.']
|
Either magnetism pushes the impulse through or nutrient value begins with genetics of the plant and animal. Should it be the case that nutrient value begins with genetics of the plant and animal, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that products develop over time. Assuming the statement, if magnetism pushes the impulse through, then some people mistakenly believe that products develop over time, does not hold, we know that the claim that riparian forests are strips of forest along streams that serve as natural filters does not reflect reality. We know that either art grows in many forms or many cultural practices can reduce pests by making their environment less favorable. On the condition that art grows in many forms, it is definitely the case that if the statement, if magnetism pushes the impulse through, then some people mistakenly believe that products develop over time, does not hold, then riparian forests are strips of forest along streams that serve as natural filters. Given that many cultural practices can reduce pests by making their environment less favorable, it can be inferred that if the statement, if magnetism pushes the impulse through, then some people mistakenly believe that products develop over time, does not hold, then riparian forests are strips of forest along streams that serve as natural filters.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that products develop over time.
|
It is fair to say that products develop over time.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [3]. [SC1-2]
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [3].).
If [5], then (If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [3]..
|
{0: 'Products develop over time.', 1: 'Magnetism pushes the impulse through.', 2: 'Nutrient value begins with genetics of the plant and animal.', 3: 'Riparian forests are strips of forest along streams that serve as natural filters.', 4: 'Art grows in many forms.', 5: 'Many cultural practices can reduce pests by making their environment less favorable.'}
| 3 |
2,989 |
['Should it be the case that it is a common misconception that either digestion is the process of converting food to monomers or autoimmune diseases have causes, it follows that places of worship is buildings.', 'If it is a common misconception that either digestion is the process of converting food to monomers or autoimmune diseases have causes, then the statement that states places of worship is buildings is false.', 'One may reasonably assume that if greyhound racers are prized athletes and recieve the best of care, then those that suggest digestion is the process of converting food to monomers are wrong.', 'It is true that greyhound racers are prized athletes and recieve the best of care.']
|
Should it be the case that it is a common misconception that either digestion is the process of converting food to monomers or autoimmune diseases have causes, it follows that places of worship is buildings. If it is a common misconception that either digestion is the process of converting food to monomers or autoimmune diseases have causes, then the statement that states places of worship is buildings is false. One may reasonably assume that if greyhound racers are prized athletes and recieve the best of care, then those that suggest digestion is the process of converting food to monomers are wrong. It is true that greyhound racers are prized athletes and recieve the best of care.
|
It is the case that autoimmune diseases have causes.
|
Autoimmune diseases cause inflammation.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Autoimmune diseases have causes.', 1: 'Digestion is the process of converting food to monomers.', 2: 'Greyhound racers are prized athletes and recieve the best of care.', 3: 'Places of worship is buildings.'}
| 3 |
2,922 |
['Assuming we know that the claim that either truth is exact correspondence with reality or sandy soils have very little capacity to hold moisture and dry out quickly between waterings is false, we know that either some pads grow more readily than others or kudzu invades areas.', 'Once we know we know that the claim that either truth is exact correspondence with reality or sandy soils have very little capacity to hold moisture and dry out quickly between waterings is false, we also know that the statement that states either some pads grow more readily than others or kudzu invades areas is false.', "So long as truth is exact correspondence with reality, 'poor nutrition leads to poorer nutrition' is true.", 'The claim that poor nutrition leads to poorer nutrition is false.']
|
Assuming we know that the claim that either truth is exact correspondence with reality or sandy soils have very little capacity to hold moisture and dry out quickly between waterings is false, we know that either some pads grow more readily than others or kudzu invades areas. Once we know we know that the claim that either truth is exact correspondence with reality or sandy soils have very little capacity to hold moisture and dry out quickly between waterings is false, we also know that the statement that states either some pads grow more readily than others or kudzu invades areas is false. So long as truth is exact correspondence with reality, 'poor nutrition leads to poorer nutrition' is true. The claim that poor nutrition leads to poorer nutrition is false.
|
We can assume that sandy soils have very little capacity to hold moisture and dry out quickly between waterings.
|
Sandy soils tend to be more acidic than the more fertile loams and clays.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not (Either [3] or [4].).).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Sandy soils have very little capacity to hold moisture and dry out quickly between waterings.', 1: 'Truth is exact correspondence with reality.', 2: 'Poor nutrition leads to poorer nutrition.', 3: 'Some pads grow more readily than others.', 4: 'Kudzu invades areas.'}
| 3 |
2,717 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that newborns initially have pinkish-gray skin which quickly darkens.', 'It is rational to believe that either some beetles seek shelter or dental laboratories make dentures, artificial teeth and orthodontic appliances.', 'Should it be the case that totalitarian governments regulate every part of the lives of individuals, it follows that if either some beetles seek shelter or dental laboratories make dentures, artificial teeth and orthodontic appliances, then if the claim that if mold needs moisture to grow, then all cats appear grey in the dark has no merit, then newborns initially have pinkish-gray skin which quickly darkens.', "The statement 'totalitarian governments regulate every part of the lives of individuals' is true."]
|
Some people mistakenly believe that newborns initially have pinkish-gray skin which quickly darkens. It is rational to believe that either some beetles seek shelter or dental laboratories make dentures, artificial teeth and orthodontic appliances. Should it be the case that totalitarian governments regulate every part of the lives of individuals, it follows that if either some beetles seek shelter or dental laboratories make dentures, artificial teeth and orthodontic appliances, then if the claim that if mold needs moisture to grow, then all cats appear grey in the dark has no merit, then newborns initially have pinkish-gray skin which quickly darkens. The statement 'totalitarian governments regulate every part of the lives of individuals' is true.
|
Whenever it is true that mold needs moisture to grow, 'all cats appear grey in the dark' is true.
|
Whenever it is true that mold needs moisture to grow, 'all cats appear grey in the dark' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].). [SC1-2]
Either [3] or [4].
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
[SC1-2]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).).
[5]
Therefore, If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Mold needs moisture to grow.', 1: 'All cats appear grey in the dark.', 2: 'Newborns initially have pinkish-gray skin which quickly darkens.', 3: 'Some beetles seek shelter.', 4: 'Dental laboratories make dentures, artificial teeth and orthodontic appliances.', 5: 'Totalitarian governments regulate every part of the lives of individuals.'}
| 3 |
2,458 |
["Once we know either climate is perhaps the most important in soil profile development or metachromatic matrix separates the neoplastic cell clusters, we also know that if the notion that 'if elephant seals flip sand on their bodies to cool themselves, then cattle ranching is the mayor cause of deforestation in Latin America' is untrue, then refraction is the bending of light.", 'Either climate is perhaps the most important in soil profile development or metachromatic matrix separates the neoplastic cell clusters.', 'Assuming refraction is the bending of light, we know that rats kill rats.', 'It is a common misconception that rats kill rats.']
|
Once we know either climate is perhaps the most important in soil profile development or metachromatic matrix separates the neoplastic cell clusters, we also know that if the notion that 'if elephant seals flip sand on their bodies to cool themselves, then cattle ranching is the mayor cause of deforestation in Latin America' is untrue, then refraction is the bending of light. Either climate is perhaps the most important in soil profile development or metachromatic matrix separates the neoplastic cell clusters. Assuming refraction is the bending of light, we know that rats kill rats. It is a common misconception that rats kill rats.
|
On the condition that elephant seals flip sand on their bodies to cool themselves, it is definitely the case that cattle ranching is the mayor cause of deforestation in Latin America.
|
On the condition that elephant seals flip sand on their bodies to cool themselves, it is definitely the case that cattle ranching is the mayor cause of deforestation in Latin America.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).
Either [4] or [5].
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Elephant seals flip sand on their bodies to cool themselves.', 1: 'Cattle ranching is the mayor cause of deforestation in Latin America.', 2: 'Refraction is the bending of light.', 3: 'Rats kill rats.', 4: 'Climate is perhaps the most important in soil profile development.', 5: 'Metachromatic matrix separates the neoplastic cell clusters.'}
| 3 |
2,773 |
["So long as the statement 'if most rats have thymus glands, then forms spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis' can be considered false, 'budgetary policies play a major role in conditioning monetary policy' is true.", 'The claim that budgetary policies play a major role in conditioning monetary policy does not reflect reality.', "Should it be the case that the statement that 'most rats have thymus glands' is incorrect, it follows that melanin gives color to the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes.", "So long as the statement that 'most rats have thymus glands' is incorrect, 'the statement that states melanin gives color to the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes is false' is true."]
|
So long as the statement 'if most rats have thymus glands, then forms spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis' can be considered false, 'budgetary policies play a major role in conditioning monetary policy' is true. The claim that budgetary policies play a major role in conditioning monetary policy does not reflect reality. Should it be the case that the statement that 'most rats have thymus glands' is incorrect, it follows that melanin gives color to the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes. So long as the statement that 'most rats have thymus glands' is incorrect, 'the statement that states melanin gives color to the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes is false' is true.
|
It is rational to agree that forms spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis.
|
It is not true that forms spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [3].
If (Not [1].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Forms spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis.', 1: 'Most rats have thymus glands.', 2: 'Budgetary policies play a major role in conditioning monetary policy.', 3: 'Melanin gives color to the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes.'}
| 3 |
2,204 |
['If the statement, either either giant pandas are an exception among the placental mammals or sentinel events are any event that result in a serious adverse event or beach ridges are dry with sandy, gravelly soils, does not hold, then cablegrams are the international equivalent of a telegram.', "When the statement, either either giant pandas are an exception among the placental mammals or sentinel events are any event that result in a serious adverse event or beach ridges are dry with sandy, gravelly soils, does not hold is true, it follows that the notion that 'cablegrams are the international equivalent of a telegram' is untrue.", 'At least one of two things is true: most tiny insects prefer places, or it is not the case that either giant pandas are an exception among the placental mammals or sentinel events are any event that result in a serious adverse event.', 'The claim that most tiny insects prefer places does not correspond with reality.']
|
If the statement, either either giant pandas are an exception among the placental mammals or sentinel events are any event that result in a serious adverse event or beach ridges are dry with sandy, gravelly soils, does not hold, then cablegrams are the international equivalent of a telegram. When the statement, either either giant pandas are an exception among the placental mammals or sentinel events are any event that result in a serious adverse event or beach ridges are dry with sandy, gravelly soils, does not hold is true, it follows that the notion that 'cablegrams are the international equivalent of a telegram' is untrue. At least one of two things is true: most tiny insects prefer places, or it is not the case that either giant pandas are an exception among the placental mammals or sentinel events are any event that result in a serious adverse event. The claim that most tiny insects prefer places does not correspond with reality.
|
It is the case that beach ridges are dry with sandy, gravelly soils.
|
It is the case that beach ridges are dry with sandy, gravelly soils.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].).), then [4].
If (Not (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Not [3].
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Beach ridges are dry with sandy, gravelly soils.', 1: 'Giant pandas are an exception among the placental mammals.', 2: 'Sentinel events are any event that result in a serious adverse event.', 3: 'Most tiny insects prefer places.', 4: 'Cablegrams are the international equivalent of a telegram.'}
| 3 |
2,834 |
['There is good reason to believe that either steel is made by mixing iron ore with limestone or dolostone or squids can have between seven and eighteen tentacles, seemingly determined at random.', 'One may reasonably assume that if steel is made by mixing iron ore with limestone or dolostone , then if electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry, then pythons swallow animals.', "If the claim that if squids can have between seven and eighteen tentacles, seemingly determined at random, then if electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry, then pythons swallow animals has no merit, then the notion that 'either loons swim low in the water because their bones are heavy or mongeese have (part) vertebrate feet' is untrue.", 'If the statement, if the claim that if squids can have between seven and eighteen tentacles, seemingly determined at random, then if electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry, then pythons swallow animals has no merit, then either loons swim low in the water because their bones are heavy or mongeese have (part) vertebrate feet, does not hold, then food is necessary for life, food is available everywhere, and food tastes good.', "Provided that the statement, if the claim that if squids can have between seven and eighteen tentacles, seemingly determined at random, then if electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry, then pythons swallow animals has no merit, then either loons swim low in the water because their bones are heavy or mongeese have (part) vertebrate feet, does not hold, we know that the statement that 'food is necessary for life, food is available everywhere, and food tastes good' is incorrect."]
|
There is good reason to believe that either steel is made by mixing iron ore with limestone or dolostone or squids can have between seven and eighteen tentacles, seemingly determined at random. One may reasonably assume that if steel is made by mixing iron ore with limestone or dolostone , then if electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry, then pythons swallow animals. If the claim that if squids can have between seven and eighteen tentacles, seemingly determined at random, then if electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry, then pythons swallow animals has no merit, then the notion that 'either loons swim low in the water because their bones are heavy or mongeese have (part) vertebrate feet' is untrue. If the statement, if the claim that if squids can have between seven and eighteen tentacles, seemingly determined at random, then if electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry, then pythons swallow animals has no merit, then either loons swim low in the water because their bones are heavy or mongeese have (part) vertebrate feet, does not hold, then food is necessary for life, food is available everywhere, and food tastes good. Provided that the statement, if the claim that if squids can have between seven and eighteen tentacles, seemingly determined at random, then if electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry, then pythons swallow animals has no merit, then either loons swim low in the water because their bones are heavy or mongeese have (part) vertebrate feet, does not hold, we know that the statement that 'food is necessary for life, food is available everywhere, and food tastes good' is incorrect.
|
If electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry, then pythons swallow animals.
|
If electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry, then pythons swallow animals.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then (Either [4] or [5].). [SC1-2]
If (Not (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then (Not (Either [4] or [5].).).
Therefore, If [3], then (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then (Either [4] or [5].).).), then [6].
If (Not (If (Not (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then (Either [4] or [5].).).), then (Not [6].).
Therefore, If (Not (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then (Either [4] or [5].)..
|
{0: 'Electric choice is intended to bring competition to part of the electric utility industry.', 1: 'Pythons swallow animals.', 2: 'Steel is made by mixing iron ore with limestone or dolostone .', 3: 'Squids can have between seven and eighteen tentacles, seemingly determined at random.', 4: 'Loons swim low in the water because their bones are heavy.', 5: 'Mongeese have (part) vertebrate feet.', 6: 'Food is necessary for life, food is available everywhere, and food tastes good.'}
| 3 |
2,832 |
["Given that harvesters have (part) personality, it can be inferred that if the notion that 'vitamin E ensures cell protection and stability' is untrue, then either some mosquitoes live in oak or consolidation is a fact of life in the media business.", 'It is fair to say that harvesters have (part) personality.', "Whenever it is true that it is a common misconception that if the notion that 'vitamin E ensures cell protection and stability' is untrue, then it is not true that either some mosquitoes live in oak or consolidation is a fact of life in the media business, 'starches are bread, grains, cereal, pasta, or starchy vegetables' is true.", 'It is not the case that starches are bread, grains, cereal, pasta, or starchy vegetables.']
|
Given that harvesters have (part) personality, it can be inferred that if the notion that 'vitamin E ensures cell protection and stability' is untrue, then either some mosquitoes live in oak or consolidation is a fact of life in the media business. It is fair to say that harvesters have (part) personality. Whenever it is true that it is a common misconception that if the notion that 'vitamin E ensures cell protection and stability' is untrue, then it is not true that either some mosquitoes live in oak or consolidation is a fact of life in the media business, 'starches are bread, grains, cereal, pasta, or starchy vegetables' is true. It is not the case that starches are bread, grains, cereal, pasta, or starchy vegetables.
|
The claim that vitamin E ensures cell protection and stability is true.
|
The statement 'vitamin E ensures cell protection and stability' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).
[3]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Vitamin E ensures cell protection and stability.', 1: 'Some mosquitoes live in oak.', 2: 'Consolidation is a fact of life in the media business.', 3: 'Harvesters have (part) personality.', 4: 'Starches are bread, grains, cereal, pasta, or starchy vegetables.'}
| 3 |
2,435 |
['Given that bays can form bog swamps or stay dry savannahs for most of the year, it can be inferred that if it is a common misconception that if diets help prevent problems, then philosophy seeks to unify our lives, and to clarify the values that give life meaning, then hurricanes go through a number of different stages of development.', 'Many people rightly believe that bays can form bog swamps or stay dry savannahs for most of the year.', 'It is a fact that either diagonals are straight lines or either some cancers can cause a buildup of fluid within the chest or abdomen or water is the key to high-yielding crops.', 'On the condition that diagonals are straight lines, it is definitely the case that if it is a common misconception that if diets help prevent problems, then philosophy seeks to unify our lives, and to clarify the values that give life meaning, then the claim that hurricanes go through a number of different stages of development does not reflect reality.', "Whenever it is true that either some cancers can cause a buildup of fluid within the chest or abdomen or water is the key to high-yielding crops, 'if it is a common misconception that if diets help prevent problems, then philosophy seeks to unify our lives, and to clarify the values that give life meaning, then the claim that hurricanes go through a number of different stages of development does not reflect reality' is true."]
|
Given that bays can form bog swamps or stay dry savannahs for most of the year, it can be inferred that if it is a common misconception that if diets help prevent problems, then philosophy seeks to unify our lives, and to clarify the values that give life meaning, then hurricanes go through a number of different stages of development. Many people rightly believe that bays can form bog swamps or stay dry savannahs for most of the year. It is a fact that either diagonals are straight lines or either some cancers can cause a buildup of fluid within the chest or abdomen or water is the key to high-yielding crops. On the condition that diagonals are straight lines, it is definitely the case that if it is a common misconception that if diets help prevent problems, then philosophy seeks to unify our lives, and to clarify the values that give life meaning, then the claim that hurricanes go through a number of different stages of development does not reflect reality. Whenever it is true that either some cancers can cause a buildup of fluid within the chest or abdomen or water is the key to high-yielding crops, 'if it is a common misconception that if diets help prevent problems, then philosophy seeks to unify our lives, and to clarify the values that give life meaning, then the claim that hurricanes go through a number of different stages of development does not reflect reality' is true.
|
Provided that diets help prevent problems, we know that philosophy seeks to unify our lives, and to clarify the values that give life meaning
|
The claim that if diets help prevent problems, then philosophy seeks to unify our lives, and to clarify the values that give life meaning does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).
[3]
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (Either [5] or [6].).
If [4], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Diets help prevent problems.', 1: 'Philosophy seeks to unify our lives, and to clarify the values that give life meaning.', 2: 'Hurricanes go through a number of different stages of development.', 3: 'Bays can form bog swamps or stay dry savannahs for most of the year.', 4: 'Diagonals are straight lines.', 5: 'Some cancers can cause a buildup of fluid within the chest or abdomen .', 6: 'Water is the key to high-yielding crops.'}
| 3 |
2,005 |
["If methods predict outcomes, then most people see the role of government as making people's lives better-even improving human nature.", "Whenever it is true that most people see the role of government as making people's lives better-even improving human nature, 'colonies usually contain a single queen who is responsible for producing the eggs' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: mineral resources are the property of the state, or some insects destroy houses.', "Assuming mineral resources are the property of the state, we know that if most people see the role of government as making people's lives better-even improving human nature, then the notion that 'colonies usually contain a single queen who is responsible for producing the eggs' is untrue.", "Whenever it is true that some insects destroy houses, 'if most people see the role of government as making people's lives better-even improving human nature, then the notion that 'colonies usually contain a single queen who is responsible for producing the eggs' is untrue' is true."]
|
If methods predict outcomes, then most people see the role of government as making people's lives better-even improving human nature. Whenever it is true that most people see the role of government as making people's lives better-even improving human nature, 'colonies usually contain a single queen who is responsible for producing the eggs' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: mineral resources are the property of the state, or some insects destroy houses. Assuming mineral resources are the property of the state, we know that if most people see the role of government as making people's lives better-even improving human nature, then the notion that 'colonies usually contain a single queen who is responsible for producing the eggs' is untrue. Whenever it is true that some insects destroy houses, 'if most people see the role of government as making people's lives better-even improving human nature, then the notion that 'colonies usually contain a single queen who is responsible for producing the eggs' is untrue' is true.
|
It is not the case that methods predict outcomes.
|
It is not the case that methods predict outcomes.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
[SC2-2]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [1], then (Not [2].).).
If [4], then (If [1], then (Not [2].).).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Methods predict outcomes.', 1: "Most people see the role of government as making people's lives better-even improving human nature.", 2: 'Colonies usually contain a single queen who is responsible for producing the eggs.', 3: 'Mineral resources are the property of the state.', 4: 'Some insects destroy houses.'}
| 3 |
2,769 |
["One may reasonably assume that if sirenians are gentle creatures, then the notion that 'some sponges produce buds' is untrue.", 'Given that it is a common misconception that sirenians are gentle creatures, it can be inferred that it is not true that sunlight appears brilliant white while a light bulb looks yellowish.', 'Once we know those that suggest if it is a common misconception that sirenians are gentle creatures, then sunlight appears brilliant white while a light bulb looks yellowish are wrong, we also know that gelatine is obtained by hydrolysis of collagen by boiling skin, ligaments, tendons, etc.', 'The claim that gelatine is obtained by hydrolysis of collagen by boiling skin, ligaments, tendons, etc does not reflect reality.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if sirenians are gentle creatures, then the notion that 'some sponges produce buds' is untrue. Given that it is a common misconception that sirenians are gentle creatures, it can be inferred that it is not true that sunlight appears brilliant white while a light bulb looks yellowish. Once we know those that suggest if it is a common misconception that sirenians are gentle creatures, then sunlight appears brilliant white while a light bulb looks yellowish are wrong, we also know that gelatine is obtained by hydrolysis of collagen by boiling skin, ligaments, tendons, etc. The claim that gelatine is obtained by hydrolysis of collagen by boiling skin, ligaments, tendons, etc does not reflect reality.
|
The notion that 'some sponges produce buds' is untrue.
|
We can assume that some sponges produce buds.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [2]. [SC1-2]
If (Not [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, [1].
[SC1-2]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [1].), then [2].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [1].), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Some sponges produce buds.', 1: 'Sirenians are gentle creatures.', 2: 'Sunlight appears brilliant white while a light bulb looks yellowish.', 3: 'Gelatine is obtained by hydrolysis of collagen by boiling skin, ligaments, tendons, etc.'}
| 3 |
2,679 |
['The claim that swimming is a part of P.E. during warm weather months is true.', 'We know that either if ticks position themselves in spots wine they can attach themselves to the largest host possible, then snow is a dependable water source or if swimming is a part of P.E. during warm weather months, then those that suggest american goldfinches have stable populations are wrong.', 'On the condition that if ticks position themselves in spots wine they can attach themselves to the largest host possible, then snow is a dependable water source, it is definitely the case that most heart murmurs are harmless, and require no medical care.', 'If if ticks position themselves in spots wine they can attach themselves to the largest host possible, then snow is a dependable water source, then those that suggest most heart murmurs are harmless, and require no medical care are wrong.']
|
The claim that swimming is a part of P.E. during warm weather months is true. We know that either if ticks position themselves in spots wine they can attach themselves to the largest host possible, then snow is a dependable water source or if swimming is a part of P.E. during warm weather months, then those that suggest american goldfinches have stable populations are wrong. On the condition that if ticks position themselves in spots wine they can attach themselves to the largest host possible, then snow is a dependable water source, it is definitely the case that most heart murmurs are harmless, and require no medical care. If if ticks position themselves in spots wine they can attach themselves to the largest host possible, then snow is a dependable water source, then those that suggest most heart murmurs are harmless, and require no medical care are wrong.
|
Those that suggest american goldfinches have stable populations are wrong.
|
The claim that american goldfinches are the state bird of Iowa, New Jersey, and Washington does not reflect reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
Not (If [2], then [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
[SC2-2]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [2], then [3].), then [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Not (If [2], then [3].)..
|
{0: 'American goldfinches have stable populations.', 1: 'Swimming is a part of P.E. during warm weather months.', 2: 'Ticks position themselves in spots wine they can attach themselves to the largest host possible.', 3: 'Snow is a dependable water source.', 4: 'Most heart murmurs are harmless, and require no medical care.'}
| 3 |
2,722 |
["So long as the claim that checkerboard isa surface does not reflect reality, 'if most helpless kittens reach maturity, then snails live on plants' is true.", 'The claim that affected dogs are normal at rest and exhibit normal ability to walk until they are stressed has no merit.', 'It is rational to believe that either most people are farmers, relying on sustainable agriculture for their livelihood or either affected dogs are normal at rest and exhibit normal ability to walk until they are stressed or if the claim that checkerboard isa surface does not reflect reality, then the claim that if most helpless kittens reach maturity, then snails live on plants does not reflect reality.', 'The claim that most people are farmers, relying on sustainable agriculture for their livelihood has no merit.']
|
So long as the claim that checkerboard isa surface does not reflect reality, 'if most helpless kittens reach maturity, then snails live on plants' is true. The claim that affected dogs are normal at rest and exhibit normal ability to walk until they are stressed has no merit. It is rational to believe that either most people are farmers, relying on sustainable agriculture for their livelihood or either affected dogs are normal at rest and exhibit normal ability to walk until they are stressed or if the claim that checkerboard isa surface does not reflect reality, then the claim that if most helpless kittens reach maturity, then snails live on plants does not reflect reality. The claim that most people are farmers, relying on sustainable agriculture for their livelihood has no merit.
|
It is reasonable to believe that checkerboard isa surface.
|
It is reasonable to believe that checkerboard isa surface.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).). [SC1-2]
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
[SC1-2]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Either [3] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).).
Not [4].
Therefore, Either [3] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).)..
|
{0: 'Checkerboard isa surface.', 1: 'Most helpless kittens reach maturity.', 2: 'Snails live on plants.', 3: 'Affected dogs are normal at rest and exhibit normal ability to walk until they are stressed.', 4: 'Most people are farmers, relying on sustainable agriculture for their livelihood.'}
| 3 |
2,215 |
['Those that suggest either tissue performs specific tasks or big storms are a fact of life on the East Coast are wrong.', 'If if colobuses eat leaves, then brain injury is a complicated matter, whether from a lack of oxygen or from physical trauma, then gophers have (part) vacuoles.', "Whenever it is true that gophers have (part) vacuoles, 'ivies are climbers' is true.", 'Once we know ivies are climbers, we also know that either tissue performs specific tasks or big storms are a fact of life on the East Coast.']
|
Those that suggest either tissue performs specific tasks or big storms are a fact of life on the East Coast are wrong. If if colobuses eat leaves, then brain injury is a complicated matter, whether from a lack of oxygen or from physical trauma, then gophers have (part) vacuoles. Whenever it is true that gophers have (part) vacuoles, 'ivies are climbers' is true. Once we know ivies are climbers, we also know that either tissue performs specific tasks or big storms are a fact of life on the East Coast.
|
The statement that 'if colobuses eat leaves, then brain injury is a complicated matter, whether from a lack of oxygen or from physical trauma' is incorrect.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that colobuses have (part) cytoplasm.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [4].
If [4], then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-2]
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then (Either [2] or [3].)..
[SC2-2]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [4], then [5].
If [5], then (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If [4], then (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Colobuses eat leaves.', 1: 'Brain injury is a complicated matter, whether from a lack of oxygen or from physical trauma.', 2: 'Tissue performs specific tasks.', 3: 'Big storms are a fact of life on the East Coast.', 4: 'Gophers have (part) vacuoles.', 5: 'Ivies are climbers.'}
| 3 |
2,653 |
["Should it be the case that temporal arteritis is a symptom, it follows that if the statement that 'predation is among the most important biotic factors affecting benthic populations' is incorrect, then koalas eat the leaves from the eucalyptus trees.", 'It is reasonable to believe that temporal arteritis is a symptom.', 'Given that koalas eat the leaves from the eucalyptus trees, it can be inferred that knockout mouses are mouses.', "So long as koalas eat the leaves from the eucalyptus trees, 'we know that the claim that knockout mouses are mouses is false' is true."]
|
Should it be the case that temporal arteritis is a symptom, it follows that if the statement that 'predation is among the most important biotic factors affecting benthic populations' is incorrect, then koalas eat the leaves from the eucalyptus trees. It is reasonable to believe that temporal arteritis is a symptom. Given that koalas eat the leaves from the eucalyptus trees, it can be inferred that knockout mouses are mouses. So long as koalas eat the leaves from the eucalyptus trees, 'we know that the claim that knockout mouses are mouses is false' is true.
|
It is the case that predation is among the most important biotic factors affecting benthic populations.
|
It is the case that predation is among the most important biotic factors affecting benthic populations.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
[3]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Predation is among the most important biotic factors affecting benthic populations.', 1: 'Koalas eat the leaves from the eucalyptus trees.', 2: 'Knockout mouses are mouses.', 3: 'Temporal arteritis is a symptom.'}
| 3 |
2,150 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: either love is a game of chance or an exorcist is an occultist, or if it is a common misconception that crystals are orderly arrangements of pure substances, then children especially love making animal signs as books are read.', 'It is not true that either love is a game of chance or an exorcist is an occultist.', "So long as some plants provide protection, 'it is not the case that children especially love making animal signs as books are read' is true.", 'Those that suggest some plants provide protection are right.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: either love is a game of chance or an exorcist is an occultist, or if it is a common misconception that crystals are orderly arrangements of pure substances, then children especially love making animal signs as books are read. It is not true that either love is a game of chance or an exorcist is an occultist. So long as some plants provide protection, 'it is not the case that children especially love making animal signs as books are read' is true. Those that suggest some plants provide protection are right.
|
The claim that crystals are orderly arrangements of pure substances holds true.
|
Crystals are thermochromic.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Crystals are orderly arrangements of pure substances.', 1: 'Children especially love making animal signs as books are read.', 2: 'Some plants provide protection.', 3: 'Love is a game of chance.', 4: 'An exorcist is an occultist.'}
| 3 |
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