id
stringlengths 15
4.64k
| text
stringlengths 0
1.02M
|
|---|---|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191221025721id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas_p34
|
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_colonization_of_the_Americas&oldid=931749619 " Categories : British colonization of the Americas Hidden categories: Pages with DOIs inactive as of 2019 December Webarchive template wayback links EngvarB from August 2014 Use dmy dates from September 2019 Articles with short description Articles needing additional references from December 2019 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019 Commons category link from Wikidata Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية Asturianu Català Dansk Deutsch Español Français Galego Bahasa Indonesia Latina Lietuvių Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Српски / srpski Svenska Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 20 December 2019, at 23:24 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191221025721id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas_p35
|
Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Statistics Cookie statement Mobile view
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190607165217id_/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/bernie-leadon-mn0000049900/biography_p0
|
Bernie Leadon | Biography & History | AllMusic Alexa tag AllMusic relies heavily on JavaScript. Please enable JavaScript in your browser to use the site fully. AllMusic New Releases Featured New Releases Editors' Choice All New Releases Discover Genres › Moods › Themes › spacer to prevent hover weirdness Blues Classical Country Electronic Folk International Jazz Latin New Age Pop/Rock Rap R&B Reggae Stage & Screen All Genres spacer to prevent hover weirdness Aggressive Bittersweet Druggy Energetic Happy Hypnotic Laid Back/Mellow Melancholy Passionate Romantic Sad Sentimental Sexy Trippy All Moods spacer to prevent hover weirdness Background Music Celebration Cool & Cocky Drinking Hanging Out In Love Introspection Late Night Partying Rainy Day Relaxation Road Trip Romantic Evening Sex All Themes Articles Features Interviews Lists Streams Videos All Posts <li class="videos"> <a href="/videos" class="videos-link">Video</a> </li> Recommendations My Profile Advanced Search Facebook Twitter Tumblr RSS Active 1960s - 2010s Born July 19, 1947 in Minneapolis, MN Genre Country Pop/Rock Styles Country-Rock Also Known As Bernard Mathew Leadon III Member Of Eagles Run C&W The Flying Burrito Brothers Hearts and Flowers The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band Woodstock Mountain Revue Submit Corrections BEGIN SAAMBAA VIDEO AD END SAAMBAA VIDEO AD Bernie Leadon Biography by Greg Prato Original Eagles member Bernie Leadon was perhaps the group's most underrated and valuable player from 1972 through 1975, as he alternated between vocals, guitar (acoustic, electric, and pedal steel),…
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190607165217id_/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/bernie-leadon-mn0000049900/biography_p1
|
Read Full Biography Overview ↓ Biography ↓ Discography ↓ Songs ↓ Credits ↓ Related ↓ Share on facebook twitter tumblr Artist Biography by Greg Prato Original Eagles member Bernie Leadon was perhaps the group's most underrated and valuable player from 1972 through 1975, as he alternated between vocals, guitar (acoustic, electric, and pedal steel), banjo, and mandolin, in addition to lending a hand with songwriting. Prior to the Eagles , Leadon was a country-rock pioneer, playing in the pivotal outfits Hearts and Flowers and Dillard & Clark before joining the Flying Burrito Brothers . Once he left the Eagles , he settled in Nashville, working as a session musician, producer, and songwriter. Born on July 19, 1947 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Leadon appreciated rock & roll, but his true love lay in country music, as he began playing in a California bluegrass outfit in 1962, the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers . After relocating to Florida by the mid-'60s, Leadon joined the short-lived country-folk band Hearts and Flowers , appearing on their second and final recording, 1968's Of Horses, Kids and Forgotten Women , before forming a new group, Dillard & Clark . But once more, Leadon's tenure with the group would be fleeting, as he played on all of their 1968 debut, The Fantastic Expedition of Dillard & Clark , and only a few select tracks on their sophomore effort, 1969's Through the Morning, Through the Night .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190607165217id_/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/bernie-leadon-mn0000049900/biography_p2
|
Up next for Leadon was a brief stretch with Linda Ronstadt 's backing band, the Corvettes , before joining up with one of the first-ever country-rock outfits, the Flying Burrito Brothers , in the fall of 1969. Leadon remained a member of the Burritos for a few years -- appearing on such albums as 1970's Burrito Deluxe , 1971's self-titled release, and 1972's live set, Last of the Red Hot Burritos . Upon leaving the Burritos , Leadon signed on once more as a member of Linda Ronstadt 's backing band, which included guitarist/singer Glenn Frey and drummer/singer Don Henley . Shortly thereafter, the trio decided to form their own group, the Eagles , which was rounded out with the addition of ex- Poco bassist Randy Meisner . The band perfected and popularized the Flying Burrito Brothers' country-rock style, as both Frey and Henley proved to be superb songwriters. The Leadon era of the group lasted for a total of four albums (which many longtime Eagles fans consider the group's best) -- 1972's self-titled debut, 1973's Desperado , 1974's On the Border , and 1975's One of These Nights -- on which Leadon penned such underrated gems as "My Man" and "Bitter Creek," among others. But the band's never-ending and grueling touring/recording schedule began to wear Leadon out, to the point that the guitarist decided to leave the group (as a self-described "act of survival"). The Eagles carried on with Joe Walsh replacing Leadon, and issued one of the biggest-selling releases in the history of pop music, Hotel California .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190607165217id_/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/bernie-leadon-mn0000049900/biography_p3
|
It didn't take long, however, for Leadon to land back on his feet and resuscitate his music career. In 1977, the guitarist formed the Bernie Leadon/Michael Georgiades Band, who issued a lone album the same year, Natural Progressions , before splitting up. The '80s saw Leadon back Chris Hillman for a pair of releases, 1982's Morning Sky and 1984's Desert Rose , and form a Christian bluegrass group, Ever Call Ready , who issued a lone self-titled release in 1985. Two years later, Leadon replaced John McEuen in the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band -- appearing on the recordings Hold On (1987), Workin' Band (1988), and Will the Circle Be Unbroken, Vol. 2 (1989). Shortly after the dawn of the '90s, Leadon launched the novelty act Run C&W , which specialized in doing country versions of rap songs (and issued two releases, 1993's Into the Twangy-First Century and 1995's Row vs. Wade ). In 2003, he released a solo CD, Mirror . In addition to his numerous aforementioned projects, Leadon spent much of the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s as a session musician in Nashville. He has appeared on many albums by other artists over the years, including recordings by Gram Parsons , Alabama , Rita Coolidge , Andy Fairweather Low , Emmylou Harris , John Hiatt , David Crosby , and Stevie Nicks , among others.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190607165217id_/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/bernie-leadon-mn0000049900/biography_p4
|
AllMusic | AllMovie | SideReel | Celebified About | FAQ | Feedback | Advertise | Copyright Policy | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | New Releases Newsletter | Remove Ads ©2019 AllMusic, member of the RhythmOne group | All Rights Reserved BEGIN GetSat END GetSat Begin comScore Tag End comScore Tag Footer Ad Tag Double Verify End Double Verify captify pixel eyeota pixel <script type="text/javascript" async defer src="//ps.eyeota.net/pixel?pid=gdo2h51&t=ajs&sid=allmusic"></script>
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20200930221332id_/https://www.aceshowbiz.com/celebrity/3_doors_down/awards.html_p0
|
3 Doors Down Awards and Nominations [if lt IE 8]> <p class="browserupgrade">You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. Please <a href="https://www.google.com/chrome/">upgrade your browser</a> to improve your experience. </p> <![endif] Home News Celebrity News Movie News TV News Music News Celebrity The Buzz The Legends Young Celeb Movie U.S. Box Office Now Playing Coming Soon Trailers Pictures Reviews Soundtrack TV TV Clip / Previews TV on DVD Soundtrack Music Artist of The Week ASB Music Chart New Release Music Video Photo Video Music Video Movie Trailer TV Clip Other Interviews DVD Contest Old Homepage 3 Doors Down Home - 3 Doors Down - Biography - News - Picture Gallery - Trivia - Profile - Album - Awards - Video 3 Doors Down 3 Doors Down Famous As Alternative rock band Birth Date Oct 1, 1996 Birth Place Escatawpa, Mississippi, USA 3 Doors Down Awards ( * ): W=Win, N=Nomination American Music Awards Year * Category Works Shared 2005 N Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group - - 2003 N Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group - - 2001 W Favorite Pop/Rock New Artist - - APRA Awards Year * Category Works Shared 2005 W Most Performed Foreign Work "Here Without You" - Blockbuster Entertainment Awards Year * Category Works Shared 2001 W Favorite Group - New Artist - - BMI Pop Awards Year * Category Works Shared 2005 W
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20200930221332id_/https://www.aceshowbiz.com/celebrity/3_doors_down/awards.html_p1
|
Song of the Year "Here Without You" - Dove Awards Year * Category Works Shared 2010 N Special Event Album of the Year "Oh Happy Day" Jonny Lang, Fisk Jubilee Singers, Robert Randolph ECHO Awards, Germany Year * Category Works Shared 2009 N Best International Rock/Metal/Alternative/Heavy Metal Group (Bester Kunstler/Kunstlerin/Gruppe/Kollaboration Rock/Alternative/Heavy Metal International) - - 2006 N International Rock/Alternative Male/Female Artist/Group of the Year "Seventeen Days" - Grammy Awards Year * Category Works Shared 2003 N Best Rock Song "When I'm Gone" - 2003 N Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group "When I'm Gone" - 2001 N Best Rock Song "Kryptonite" - Radio Music Awards Year * Category Works Shared 2005 N Artist of the Year/Adult Hit Radio - - World Music Awards Year * Category Works Shared 2005 N World's Best Selling Rock Act - - Most Read Celebrity Chrissy Teigen Reveals Hospitalization Amid High-Risk Pregnancy After Leaking Room Phone Number Megan Thee Stallion and BFF Kelsey Unfollow Each Other on Instagram New Couple Alert? Harry Styles and Tracee Ellis Ross Reportedly Spotted on a Date in L.A. Gwyneth Paltrow Draws Daughter's Complaint for Nude Photo in Celebration of 48th Birthday People Urge Donald Trump to Be Arrested for Only Paying $750 in Federal Income Taxes Rubi Rose Rants Against 'Snake' BFF for Romancing Her Former Fling Lil Tjay
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20200930221332id_/https://www.aceshowbiz.com/celebrity/3_doors_down/awards.html_p2
|
Amanda Seales Shares Photo With Her Beau, Gets Mad at Gossip Blogs for Reposting It Tyler Posey Strips to His Birthday Suit to Promote OnlyFans: 'Come Get Wet With Me' Slim Jxmmi's Mom Defends Him Over Claims He Beat Up His Pregnant Ex Naya Rivera's Sister Nickayla Reacts to Reports She Moves In With Her Ex Ryan Dorsey MoneyBagg Yo's Party Cut Short Over Gunfire, One Man Killed at the Hotel Rapper Stays at Mohamed Hadid on Being Gigi and Bella's Father: It's Dangerous for Me Joaquin Phoenix and Rooney Mara Enter Parenthood With Birth of First Child River About | FAQ | Term of Use | Sitemap | Contact Us © 2005-2020 AceShowbiz . All Rights Reserved.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190814201800id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_administrative_units_of_Pakistan_p0
|
Former administrative units of Pakistan - Wikipedia CentralNotice Former administrative units of Pakistan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Former administrative units of Pakistan پاکستان کی سابقہ انتظامی اکائیاں Subdivision of Pakistan 14 August 1947–1975 Flag Map of Pakistan with Former administrative units of Pakistan highlighted Capital Karachi Islamabad History • Established 14 August 1947 • Disestablished 1975 Area 947,940 km 2 (366,002 sq mi) This article is part of the series Former administrative units of Pakistan Original provinces Baluchistan East Bengal Federal Capital Territory Federally Administered Tribal Areas North-West Frontier Province Sind West Punjab Princely states Amb Bahawalpur Chitral Dir Hunza Kalat Khairpur Kharan Las Bela Makran Nagar Phulra Swat One-unit provinces East Pakistan West Pakistan Other subdivisions Gilgit Agency Trans-Karakoram Tract v t e The former administrative units of Pakistan are states, provinces and territories which mainly existed between 1947 and 1975 when the current provinces and territories were established. The former units have no administrative function today but some remain as historical and cultural legacies. In some cases, the current provinces and territories correspond to the former units – for example the province of Punjab includes almost all the territory of the former province of West Punjab . Contents 1 At independence 1.1 (i) Provinces of Pakistan 1.2 (ii) Federal Capital Territory of Pakistan
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190814201800id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_administrative_units_of_Pakistan_p1
|
1.3 (iii) Princely States of Pakistan 2 After independence 3 One Unit of Pakistan 1955 4 New provinces of Pakistan 1970 5 Changes after 1970 6 See also 7 External links At independence [ edit ] (i) Provinces of Pakistan [ edit ] English name Urdu name Capital Emblem Flag Map East Bengal مشرقی بنگال Dacca West Punjab مغربی پنجاب Lahore Sind سندھ Karachi North-West Frontier Province شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبہ Peshawar Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province) بلوچستان Quetta (ii) Federal Capital Territory of Pakistan [ edit ] English name Urdu name Capital Emblem Flag Map Federal Capital Territory وفاقی دارالحکومت Karachi (iii) Princely States of Pakistan [ edit ] Main article: Princely states of Pakistan Between August 1947 and March 1948, the rulers of the following princely states (which had existed alongside but outside British India ) acceded their states to Pakistan, giving up control of their external affairs, while all retaining internal self-government, at least to begin with. This was lost by stages, until by 1974 all of the states had been fully integrated into Pakistan. Bahawalpur Khairpur Kalat Las Bela Kharan Makran Phulra Amb Swat Dir Chitral Hunza Nagar Gilgit Agency (after getting independence) After independence [ edit ] The origins of most of the former administrative units lay in the set-up inherited from British India . From 1947 to 1971 newly independent Pakistan comprised two "wings" – 1600 kilometres apart and separated by India . The eastern wing comprised the single province of East Bengal , which included the Sylhet District from the former British Indian province of Assam as well as the Buddhist-majority Chittagong Hill Tracts awarded by the Radcliffe Commission . The politically dominant western wing united three Governor's provinces ( North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), West Punjab and Sind ), and one Chief Commissioner's Province ( Baluchistan ), also included thirteen princely states and parts of Kashmir .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190814201800id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_administrative_units_of_Pakistan_p2
|
In 1948, the area around Karachi was separated from Sind province to form the Federal Capital Territory . In 1950 the North-West Frontier Province was expanded to include the small states of Amb and Phulra and the name of West Punjab province was changed to Punjab. The Baluchistan States Union was formed in 1952 by the four princely states of southwest Pakistan. Thus, between 1947 and 1955, Pakistan comprised five provinces and one territory. The western wing eventually included thirteen princely states , one union of states, Gwadar enclave, Gilgit agency and parts of Kashmir: Gilgit Agency (former agency of Kashmir – after independence in 1 November 1947, using flag of Muslim League) Azad Jammu and Kashmir (after Kashmir War 1947~48 - using newly AJK Flag ) Baluchistan States Union (combining Kalat, Kharan, Las Bela and Makran in 1953 – using flag of Kalat) Gwadar Enclave (purchased from Sultanate of Oman in 1958) One Unit of Pakistan 1955 [ edit ] Map of one unit of Pakistan in 1955 Simmering tensions between the eastern and western wings of Pakistan led to the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra . The states and provinces of the western wing merged in 1955 to become divisions of the new province of West Pakistan with the provincial capital at Lahore . At the same time, East Bengal became the new province of East Pakistan with the provincial capital at Dhaka. West Pakistan annexed the former Omani enclave of Gwadar (on the Balochistan coast) in 1958 as part of Kalat division. In 1960 the federal government moved from Karachi to Rawalpindi (the provisional capital pending the completion of Islamabad), whilst the federal legislature moved to Dhaka. The Federal Capital Territory was merged with West Pakistan in 1961 to form the new division of Karachi. In 1963 the Trans-Karakoram Tract was transferred by treaty from Gilgit Agency to China under the provision that the settlement was subject to the final solution of the Kashmir dispute . Thus from 1955 to 1970, Pakistan comprised two provinces:
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190814201800id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_administrative_units_of_Pakistan_p3
|
East Pakistan West Pakistan New provinces of Pakistan 1970 [ edit ] Map of new provinces of Pakistan in 1970 The One Unit policy was regarded as a rational administrative reform to reduce expenditure and eliminate provincial prejudices. However the military coup of 1958 signalled troubled times for the two-province system as the office of Chief Minister of West Pakistan was abolished by President Ayub Khan to be replaced by Governor's rule. Eventually, in 1970, the province of West Pakistan was dissolved by President Yahya Khan and four new provinces were created along with some changes in Pakistani Kashmir. These provinces combined most of the former provinces and states as follows: New Province Constituent former administrative units Baluchistan Province Baluchistan Chief Commissioners Province Baluchistan States Union (Las Bela, Makran, Kharan & Kalat) Enclave of Gwadar North-West Frontier Province Former North-West Frontier Province State of Phulra State of Amb State of Swat State of Dir State of Chitral Punjab Province Former West Punjab Province State of Bahawalpur Sind Province Former Sind Province State of Khairpur Former Federal Capital Territory Federally Administered Area 906 km² of former West Punjab Province Northern Areas Gilgit Agency Azad Kashmir Azad Kashmir Changes after 1970 [ edit ] The province of East Pakistan became independent in December 1971 as the new country of Bangladesh . The states of Hunza and Nagar were abolished and their territories merged into the Northern Areas in 1974. The Federally Administered Tribal Areas were formed from parts of the North West Frontier Province districts of Peshawar and Dera Ismail Khan in 1975.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190814201800id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_administrative_units_of_Pakistan_p4
|
The status of the Islamabad area was changed to a capital territory in 1981. The names of two provinces were slightly modified in 1990 – Baluchistan became Balochistan and Sind became Sindh. In 2009, the Northern Areas changed its name to Gilgit–Baltistan . In 2010, the North West Frontier Province changed its name to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . 8 Years later in May 2018, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . See also [ edit ] Administrative units of Pakistan Politics of Pakistan External links [ edit ] Government of Pakistan NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1272 Cached time: 20190721062750 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.208 seconds Real time usage: 0.290 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1223/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 25430/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2830/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/40 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 0.026/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1.18 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 189.974 1 -total 53.86% 102.328 1 Template:Infobox_former_subdivision 20.83% 39.563 1 Template:Use_Pakistani_English 12.02% 22.831 1 Template:Former_administrative_units_of_Pakistan 10.41% 19.780 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists 10.34% 19.645 2 Template:DMCA 8.85% 16.822 2 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 8.52% 16.186 1 Template:Wikidata_image 6.60% 12.536 1 Template:Main 6.14% 11.661 2 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:3877585-0!canonical and timestamp 20190721062750 and revision id 895752624
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190814201800id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_administrative_units_of_Pakistan_p5
|
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Former_administrative_units_of_Pakistan&oldid=895752624 " Categories : States and territories disestablished in 1975 Former subdivisions of Pakistan Political history of Pakistan Former polities of the Cold War Hidden categories: Use Pakistani English from January 2014 All Wikipedia articles written in Pakistani English Use dmy dates from May 2014 Former country articles requiring maintenance Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages پنجابی Simple English اردو Edit links This page was last edited on 6 May 2019, at 09:02 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190727171125id_/https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/sea-salt/faq-20058512_p0
|
Sea salt vs. table salt: What's the difference? - Mayo Clinic googleoff: all Skip to main navigation Skip to main content googleon: all googleoff: all This content does not have an English version. googleon: all googleoff: all This content does not have an Arabic version. googleon: all googleoff: index googleoff: snippet Search Request an Appointment Find a Doctor Find a Job Give Now Log in to Patient Account English Español Português العربية 中文 Twitter Facebook Pinterest YouTube English Español Português العربية 中文 Menu Search All Mayo Clinic Topics Patient Care & Health Info Overview Healthy Lifestyle Symptoms A-Z Diseases & Conditions A-Z Tests & Procedures A-Z Drugs & Supplements A-Z Appointments Patient & Visitor Guide Billing & Insurance Patient Online Services Quality Care Find out why Mayo Clinic is the right place for your health care. Make an appointment. Departments & Centers Overview Doctors & Medical Staff Medical Departments & Centers International Services Research Centers & Programs About Mayo Clinic Contact Us Meet the Staff Find a directory of doctors and departments at all Mayo Clinic campuses. Visit now. Research Overview Explore Research Labs Find Clinical Trials Research Faculty Postdoctoral Fellowships Discovery's Edge Magazine Search Publications Training Grant Programs Research and Clinical Trials See how Mayo Clinic research and clinical trials advance the science of medicine and improve patient care. Explore now. Education Overview Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences Alumni Center Visit Our Schools Educators at Mayo Clinic train tomorrow’s leaders to deliver compassionate, high-value, safe patient care. Choose a degree. For Medical Professionals Overview Provider Relations Referring Physician Portal AskMayoExpert Video Center Publications Continuing Medical Education Mayo Clinic Laboratories Professional Services Explore Mayo Clinic's many resources and see jobs available for medical professionals. Get updates. Products & Services Overview Health Books Healthy Living Program International Advisory Services Sports Medicine Licensable Content Mayo Clinic Health Letter Mayo Clinic Laboratories Mayo Clinic Voice Apps Medical Products and Stores Giving to Mayo Clinic Overview Give Now Philanthropy in Action Frequently Asked Questions Contact Us to Give Philanthropy at Mayo Clinic Your support accelerates powerful innovations in patient care, research and education. Give today.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190727171125id_/https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/sea-salt/faq-20058512_p1
|
googleon: snippet googleon: index googleoff: snippet googleoff: snippet Appointments at Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. Request Appointment googleon: snippet Healthy Lifestyle Nutrition and healthy eating Sections Basics Nutrition basics Healthy diets Healthy cooking Healthy menus and shopping strategies Nutritional supplements In-Depth Expert Answers Multimedia Resources News From Mayo Clinic What's New googleoff: snippet Products and services googleon: snippet googleoff: snippet Free E-newsletter Subscribe to Housecall Our general interest e-newsletter keeps you up to date on a wide variety of health topics. Sign up now googleon: snippet googleon: snippet What's the difference between sea salt and table salt? Answer From Katherine Zeratsky, R.D., L.D. The main differences between sea salt and table salt are in their taste, texture and processing. Sea salt is produced through evaporation of ocean water or water from saltwater lakes, usually with little processing. Depending on the water source, this leaves behind certain trace minerals and elements. The minerals add flavor and color to sea salt, which also comes in a variety of coarseness levels. Table salt is typically mined from underground salt deposits. Table salt is more heavily processed to eliminate minerals and usually contains an additive to prevent clumping. Most table salt also has added iodine, an essential nutrient that helps maintain a healthy thyroid.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190727171125id_/https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/sea-salt/faq-20058512_p2
|
Sea salt and table salt have the same basic nutritional value, despite the fact that sea salt is often promoted as being healthier. Sea salt and table salt contain comparable amounts of sodium by weight. Whichever type of salt you enjoy, do so in moderation. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting sodium to less than 2,300 milligrams a day. With Katherine Zeratsky, R.D., L.D. googleoff: snippet Raw water: Risky fad? Sodium nitrate in meat: Heart disease risk factor? Share Tweet May 04, 2016 References Sea salt vs. table salt. American Heart Association. http://sodiumbreakup.heart.org/sodium-411/sea-salt-vs-table-salt/. Accessed April 15, 2016. Drake SL, et al. Comparison of salty taste and time intensity of sea and land salts from around the world. Journal of Sensory Studies. 2011;26:25. 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines. Accessed April 15, 2016. Duyff RL. Sodium and potassium: A salty subject. In: American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide. 4th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons; 2012. See more Expert Answers Products and Services Book: The Mayo Clinic Diet The Mayo Clinic Diet Online googleoff: all See also Navigate the farmers market Why is BVO in my drink? Calories in sushi Cuts of beef Deciphering dates on food packages Don't grocery shop on an empty stomach Fast food: Tips for choosing healthier options Fit more fruit into your diet Flip your burger Grass-fed beef Grocery store secret: Shop the perimeter Healthy breakfast options Holiday recipes Meat and poultry Keep your breakfast cereal healthy Make food labels required reading Sample menu Menu planning Menus for heart-healthy eating Credible nutrition information Organic foods Organic foods: What the labels mean Antioxidants Gourmet salt Guide to beans and legumes Snack attack? Try these 100-calorie snacks Sodium nitrate in meat: Heart disease risk factor? Sugar challenge: Cut the sweetness for 2 weeks Thanksgiving recipes Think outside the cereal box Vegetable juice Vegetarian recipes Understand clean eating What is BPA? What sell-by dates really mean Where's the lean beef? White whole wheat Show more related content Show less related content
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190727171125id_/https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/sea-salt/faq-20058512_p3
|
googleon: all Advertisement Policy text Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Advertising & Sponsorship Policy Opportunities Ad Choices Book store would be a content tile. Mayo Clinic Marketplace Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. FREE TRIAL — Mayo Clinic Health Letter 4 simple steps to a joy-filled life Diabetes? This diet works … Stop osteoporosis in its tracks The Mayo Clinic Diet Online googleoff: snippet googleon: snippet googleon: snippet googleoff: index googleoff: snippet Other Topics in Patient Care & Health Info Healthy Lifestyle Symptoms A-Z Diseases & Conditions A-Z Tests & Procedures A-Z Drugs & Supplements A-Z Appointments Patient & Visitor Guide Billing & Insurance Patient Online Services . googleon: snippet googleon: index googleoff: snippet FAQ-20058512 Healthy Lifestyle Nutrition and healthy eating Expert Answers Sea salt vs table salt Whats the difference googleoff: index Mayo Clinic Footer Request Appointment Give Now Contact Us About Mayo Clinic Employees Site Map About This Site Legal Conditions and Terms Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Terms and Conditions Privacy Policy Notice of Privacy Practices Notice of Nondiscrimination Manage Cookies Reprint Permissions A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. HON This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. © 1998-2019 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). All rights reserved.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190727171125id_/https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/sea-salt/faq-20058512_p4
|
googleon: index googleon: snippet this placeholder for surveys.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p0
|
Josef Mengele - Wikipedia CentralNotice Josef Mengele From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search "Mengele" redirects here. For other uses, see Mengele (disambiguation) . Nazi SS doctor who experimented on prisoners at Auschwitz Josef Mengele Pictured outside Auschwitz in 1944 Nickname(s) Angel of Death (German: Todesengel ) [1] White Angel (German: der Weisse Engel or Weißer Engel ) [2] Wolfgang Gerhard (burial name) [2] Born ( 1911-03-16 ) 16 March 1911 Günzburg , Bavaria , German Empire Died 7 February 1979 (1979-02-07) (aged 67) Bertioga , São Paulo , Brazil Allegiance Germany Service/ branch Schutzstaffel Years of service 1938 ( 1938 ) –1945 ( 1945 ) Rank SS - Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Service number NSDAP #5,574,974 SS #317,885 Awards Iron Cross First Class Black Badge for the Wounded Medal for the Care of the German People Spouse(s) Irene Schönbein ( m. 1939 ; div. 1954) Martha Mengele (widow of his brother Karl) ( m. 1958) Signature Josef Mengele ( [ˈjoːzɛf ˈmɛŋələ] ( listen ) ; 16 March 1911 – 7 February 1979), also known as the Angel of Death ( German : Todesengel ) [1] and the White Angel (German: der Weisse Engel or Weißer Engel ), [2] was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and physician in Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II . He performed deadly human experiments on prisoners and was a member of the team of doctors who selected victims to be killed in the gas chambers. Arrivals that were judged able to work were admitted into the camp, while those deemed unsuitable for labor were sent to the gas chambers to be killed. With Red Army troops sweeping through Poland , Mengele was transferred 280 kilometers (170 mi) from Auschwitz to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp on 17 January 1945, just ten days before the arrival of the Soviet forces at Auschwitz. After the war, he fled to South America where he evaded capture for the rest of his life.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p1
|
Before the war, Mengele had received doctorates in anthropology and medicine, and began a career as a researcher. He joined the Nazi Party in 1937 and the SS in 1938. He was assigned as a battalion medical officer at the start of World War II, then transferred to the Nazi concentration camps service in early 1943 and assigned to Auschwitz, where he saw the opportunity to conduct genetic research on human subjects . His subsequent experiments focused primarily on twins, with little or no regard for the health or safety of the victims. [3] [4] Mengele sailed to Argentina in July 1949, assisted by a network of former SS members . He initially lived in and around Buenos Aires , then fled to Paraguay in 1959 and Brazil in 1960, while being sought by West Germany , Israel , and Nazi hunters such as Simon Wiesenthal who wanted to bring him to trial. Mengele eluded capture in spite of extradition requests by the West German government and clandestine operations by the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad . He drowned in 1979 after suffering a stroke while swimming off the Brazilian coast, and was buried under the false name Wolfgang Gerhard . [2] Mengele's remains were disinterred and positively identified by forensic examination in 1985. Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Military service
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p2
|
3 Auschwitz 3.1 Human experimentation 4 After Auschwitz 5 In South America 5.1 Efforts by Mossad 5.2 Later life and death 6 Exhumation 7 Later developments 8 Journal articles 9 See also 10 References 10.1 Informational notes 10.2 Citations 10.3 Bibliography 10.4 Further reading 11 External links Early life and education [ edit ] Mengele was born on 16 March 1911 to Walburga (née Hupfauer) and Karl Mengele in Günzburg , Bavaria , Germany. [5] He was the oldest of three children; his two younger brothers were Karl Jr. and Alois. Their father was founder of the Karl Mengele & Sons company, producers of farm machinery. [6] Josef was successful at school and developed an interest in music, art, and skiing. [7] He completed high school in April 1930 and went on to study philosophy in Munich , [8] where the headquarters of the Nazi Party were located. [9] In 1931, Mengele joined the Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten , a paramilitary organization that was absorbed into the Nazi Sturmabteilung (Storm Detachment; SA) in 1934. [8] [10] In 1935, Mengele earned a PhD in anthropology from the University of Munich . [8] In January 1937, he joined the Institute for Hereditary Biology and Racial Hygiene in Frankfurt , where he worked for Dr. Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer , a German geneticist with a particular interest in researching twins. [8] As von Verschuer's assistant, Mengele focused on the genetic factors that result in a cleft lip and palate , or a cleft chin . [11] His thesis on the subject earned him a cum laude doctorate in medicine ( MD ) from the University of Frankfurt in 1938. [12] (Both of his degrees were revoked by the issuing universities in the 1960s.) [13] In a letter of recommendation, von Verschuer praised Mengele's reliability and his ability to verbally present complex material in a clear manner. [14] The American author Robert Jay Lifton notes that Mengele's published works were in keeping with the scientific mainstream of the time, and would probably have been viewed as valid scientific efforts even outside Nazi Germany . [14]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p3
|
On 28 July 1939, Mengele married Irene Schönbein, whom he had met while working as a medical resident in Leipzig . [15] Their only son, Rolf, was born in 1944. [16] Military service [ edit ] The ideology of Nazism brought together elements of antisemitism , racial hygiene , and eugenics , and combined them with pan-Germanism and territorial expansionism with the goal of obtaining more Lebensraum (living space) for the Germanic people. [17] Nazi Germany attempted to obtain this new territory by attacking Poland and the Soviet Union, intending to deport or kill the Jews and Slavs living there, who were considered by the Nazis to be inferior to the Aryan master race . [18] Mengele joined the Nazi Party in 1937 and the Schutzstaffel (SS; protection squadron) in 1938. He received basic training in 1938 with the Gebirgsjäger (light infantry mountain troop) and was called up for service in the Wehrmacht (Nazi armed forces) in June 1940, some months after the outbreak of World War II. He soon volunteered for medical service in the Waffen-SS , the combat arm of the SS, where he served with the rank of SS- Untersturmführer (second lieutenant) in a medical reserve battalion until November 1940. He was next assigned to the SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt (SS Race and Settlement Main Office) in Poznań , evaluating candidates for Germanization . [19] [20]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p4
|
In June 1941, Mengele was posted to Ukraine , where he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. In January 1942, he joined the 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking as a battalion medical officer. After rescuing two German soldiers from a burning tank, he was decorated with the Iron Cross 1st Class, the Wound Badge in Black, and the Medal for the Care of the German People. He was declared unfit for further active service in mid-1942, when he was seriously wounded in action near Rostov-on-Don . Following his recovery, he was transferred to the headquarters of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office in Berlin , at which point he resumed his association with von Verschuer, who was now director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics . Mengele was promoted to the rank of SS- Hauptsturmführer (captain) in April 1943. [21] [22] [23] Auschwitz [ edit ] "Selection" of Hungarian Jews on the ramp at Birkenau, May/June 1944 In 1942, Auschwitz II (Birkenau) , originally intended to house slave laborers, began to be used instead as a combined labor camp and extermination camp . [24] [25] Prisoners were transported there by rail from all over German-occupied Europe, arriving in daily convoys. [26] By July 1942, SS doctors were conducting "selections" where incoming Jews were segregated, and those considered able to work were admitted into the camp while those deemed unfit for labor were immediately killed in the gas chambers. [27] The arrivals that were selected to die, about three-quarters of the total, [a] included almost all children, women with small children, pregnant women, all the elderly, and all of those who appeared (in a brief and superficial inspection by an SS doctor) to be not completely fit and healthy. [29] [30]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p5
|
In early 1943, encouraged by von Verschuer, Mengele applied to transfer to the concentration camp service. [21] [31] His application was accepted and he was posted to Auschwitz, where he was appointed by SS- Standortarzt Eduard Wirths , chief medical officer at Auschwitz, to the position of chief physician of the Zigeunerfamilienlager ( Romani family camp) at Birkenau, [21] [31] a subcamp located on the main Auschwitz complex. The SS doctors did not administer treatment to the Auschwitz inmates, but supervised the activities of inmate doctors who had been forced to work in the camp medical service. [32] As part of his duties, Mengele made weekly visits to the hospital barracks and ordered any prisoners who had not recovered after two weeks in bed to be sent to the gas chambers. [33] Mengele's work also involved carrying out selections, a task that he chose to perform even when he was not assigned to do so, in the hope of finding subjects for his experiments, [34] with a particular interest in locating sets of twins. [35] In contrast to most of the other SS doctors, who viewed selections as one of their most stressful and unpleasant duties, he undertook the task with a flamboyant air, often smiling or whistling a tune. [36] [32] He was also one of the SS doctors responsible for supervising the administration of Zyklon B , the cyanide -based pesticide that was used for the mass killings in the Birkenau gas chambers. He served in this capacity at the gas chambers located in crematoria IV and V. [37]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p6
|
When an outbreak of noma (a gangrenous bacterial disease of the mouth and face) struck the Romani camp in 1943, Mengele initiated a study to determine the cause of the disease and develop a treatment. He enlisted the assistance of prisoner Dr. Berthold Epstein , a Jewish pediatrician and professor at Prague University . The patients were isolated in a separate barracks and several afflicted children were killed so that their preserved heads and organs could be sent to the SS Medical Academy in Graz and other facilities for study. This research was still ongoing when the Romani camp was liquidated and its remaining occupants killed in 1944. [3] In response to a typhus epidemic in the women's camp, Mengele cleared one block of six hundred Jewish women and sent them to their deaths in the gas chambers. The building was then cleaned and disinfected, and the occupants of a neighboring block were bathed, de-loused, and given new clothing before being moved into the clean block. This process was repeated until all of the barracks were disinfected. Similar procedures were used for later epidemics of scarlet fever and other diseases, with infected prisoners being killed in the gas chambers. For these actions, Mengele was awarded the War Merit Cross (Second Class with swords) and was promoted in 1944 to First Physician of the Birkenau subcamp. [38]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p7
|
Human experimentation [ edit ] See also: Nazi human experimentation Richard Baer , Josef Mengele and Rudolf Höss at Auschwitz, 1944. Höcker Album Mengele used Auschwitz as an opportunity to continue his anthropological studies and research into heredity, using inmates for human experimentation . [3] His medical procedures showed no consideration for the health, safety, or physical and emotional suffering of the victims. [3] [4] He was particularly interested in identical twins , people with heterochromia iridum (eyes of two different colors), dwarfs , and people with physical abnormalities. [3] A grant was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation), at the request of von Verschuer, who received regular reports and shipments of specimens from Mengele. The grant was used to build a pathology laboratory attached to Crematorium II at Auschwitz II-Birkenau. [39] Dr. Miklós Nyiszli , a Hungarian Jewish pathologist who arrived in Auschwitz on 29 May 1944, performed dissections and prepared specimens for shipment in this laboratory. [40] The twin research was in part intended to prove the supremacy of heredity over environment and thus strengthen the Nazi premise of the superiority of the Aryan race. [41] Nyiszli and others reported that the twin studies may also have been motivated by an intention to increase the reproduction rate of the German race by improving the chances of racially desirable people having twins. [42]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p8
|
Mengele's research subjects were better fed and housed than the other prisoners, and temporarily spared from execution in the gas chambers. [43] He established a kindergarten for children who were the subjects of his experiments, as well as the preschool children from the Romani camp. The facility provided better food and living conditions than other areas of the camp, and included a children's playground. [44] When visiting his young subjects, he introduced himself as "Uncle Mengele" and offered them sweets, [45] while at the same time being personally responsible for the deaths of an unknown number of victims whom he killed via lethal injection, shootings, beatings, and his deadly experiments. [46] In his 1986 book, Lifton describes Mengele as sadistic, lacking empathy, and extremely antisemitic, believing the Jews should be eliminated entirely as an inferior and dangerous race. [47] Rolf Mengele later claimed that his father had shown no remorse for his wartime activities. [48] A former Auschwitz inmate doctor said: He was capable of being so kind to the children, to have them become fond of him, to bring them sugar, to think of small details in their daily lives, and to do things we would genuinely admire ... And then, next to that, ... the crematoria smoke, and these children, tomorrow or in a half-hour, he is going to send them there. Well, that is where the anomaly lay. [49]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p9
|
Jewish twins kept alive in Auschwitz for use in Mengele's medical experiments. The Red Army liberated these children in January 1945. Twins were subjected to weekly examinations and measurements of their physical attributes by Mengele or one of his assistants. [50] The experiments he performed on twins included unnecessary amputation of limbs, intentionally infecting one twin with typhus or some other disease, and transfusing the blood of one twin into the other. Many of the victims died while undergoing these procedures, [51] and those who survived the experiments were sometimes killed and their bodies dissected once Mengele had no further use for them. [52] Nyiszli recalled one occasion on which Mengele personally killed fourteen twins in one night by injecting their hearts with chloroform. [32] If one twin died from disease, he would kill the other twin to allow comparative post-mortem reports to be produced for research purposes. [53] Mengele's eye experiments included attempts to change the eye color by injecting chemicals into the eyes of living subjects, and he killed people with heterochromatic eyes so that the eyes could be removed and sent to Berlin for study. [54] His experiments on dwarfs and people with physical abnormalities included taking physical measurements, drawing blood, extracting healthy teeth, and treatment with unnecessary drugs and X-rays. [4] Many of his victims were dispatched to the gas chambers after about two weeks, and their skeletons sent to Berlin for further analysis. [55] Mengele sought out pregnant women, on whom he would perform experiments before sending them to the gas chambers. [56] Witness Vera Alexander described how he sewed two Romani twins together, back to back, in a crude attempt to create conjoined twins ; [51] both children died of gangrene after several days of suffering. [57]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p10
|
After Auschwitz [ edit ] Photograph from Mengele's Argentine identification document (1956) Along with several other Auschwitz doctors, Mengele transferred to Gross-Rosen concentration camp in Lower Silesia on 17 January 1945, taking with him two boxes of specimens and the records of his experiments at Auschwitz. Most of the camp medical records had already been destroyed by the SS [58] [59] by the time the Red Army liberated Auschwitz on 27 January. [60] Mengele fled Gross-Rosen on 18 February, a week before the Soviets arrived there, and traveled westward to Žatec in Czechoslovakia , disguised as a Wehrmacht officer. There he temporarily entrusted his incriminating documents to a nurse with whom he had struck up a relationship. [58] He and his unit then hurried west to avoid being captured by the Soviets, but were taken prisoners of war by the Americans in June 1945. Although Mengele was initially registered under his own name, he was not identified as being on the major war criminal list due to the disorganization of the Allies regarding the distribution of wanted lists, and the fact that he did not have the usual SS blood group tattoo . [61] He was released at the end of July and obtained false papers under the name "Fritz Ullman", documents he later altered to read "Fritz Hollmann". [62] After several months on the run, including a trip back to the Soviet-occupied area to recover his Auschwitz records, Mengele found work near Rosenheim as a farmhand. [63] He eventually escaped from Germany on 17 April 1949, [64] [65] convinced that his capture would mean a trial and death sentence. Assisted by a network of former SS members, he used the ratline to travel to Genoa , where he obtained a passport from the International Committee of the Red Cross under the alias "Helmut Gregor", and sailed to Argentina in July 1949. [66] His wife refused to accompany him, and they divorced in 1954. [67]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p11
|
In South America [ edit ] Mengele worked as a carpenter in Buenos Aires , Argentina, while lodging in a boarding house in the suburb of Vicente López . [68] After a few weeks he moved to the house of a Nazi sympathizer in the more affluent neighborhood of Florida Este . He next worked as a salesman for his family's farm equipment company, Karl Mengele & Sons, and in 1951 he began making frequent trips to Paraguay as regional sales representative. [69] He moved into an apartment in central Buenos Aires in 1953, he used family funds to buy a part interest in a carpentry concern, and he then rented a house in the suburb of Olivos in 1954. [70] Files released by the Argentine government in 1992 indicate that Mengele may have practiced medicine without a license while living in Buenos Aires, including performing abortions. [71] After obtaining a copy of his birth certificate through the West German embassy in 1956, Mengele was issued an Argentine foreign residence permit under his real name. He used this document to obtain a West German passport, also using his real name, and embarked on a trip to Europe. [72] [73] He met up with his son Rolf (who was told Mengele was his "Uncle Fritz") [74] and his widowed sister-in-law Martha, for a ski holiday in Switzerland; he also spent a week in his home town of Günzburg. [75] [76] When he returned to Argentina in September 1956, Mengele began living under his real name. Martha and her son Karl Heinz followed about a month later, and the three began living together. Josef and Martha were married in 1958 while on holiday in Uruguay, and they bought a house in Buenos Aires. [72] [77] Mengele's business interests now included part ownership of Fadro Farm, a pharmaceutical company. [75] Along with several other doctors, Mengele was questioned in 1958 on suspicion of practicing medicine without a license when a teenage girl died after an abortion, but he was released without charge. Aware that the publicity would lead to his Nazi background and wartime activities being discovered, he took an extended business trip to Paraguay and was granted citizenship there in 1959 under the name "José Mengele". [78] He returned to Buenos Aires several times to settle his business affairs and visit his family. Martha and Karl lived in a boarding house in the city until December 1960, when they returned to Germany. [79]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p12
|
Mengele's name was mentioned several times during the Nuremberg trials in the mid-1940s, but the Allied forces believed that he was probably already dead. [80] Irene Mengele and the family in Günzburg also alleged that he had died. [81] Working in West Germany, Nazi hunters Simon Wiesenthal and Hermann Langbein collected information from witnesses about Mengele's wartime activities. In a search of the public records, Langbein discovered Mengele's divorce papers, which listed an address in Buenos Aires. He and Wiesenthal pressured the West German authorities into starting extradition proceedings, and an arrest warrant was drawn up on 5 June 1959. [82] [83] Argentina initially refused the extradition request because the fugitive was no longer living at the address given on the documents; by the time extradition was approved on 30 June, Mengele had already fled to Paraguay and was living on a farm near the Argentine border. [84] Efforts by Mossad [ edit ] In May 1960, Isser Harel , director of Mossad (the Israeli intelligence agency ), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires. He was also hoping to track down Mengele, so that he too could be brought to trial in Israel. [85] Under interrogation, Eichmann provided the address of a boarding house that had been used as a safe house for Nazi fugitives. Surveillance of the house did not reveal Mengele or any members of his family, and the neighborhood postman claimed that although Mengele had recently been receiving letters there under his real name, he had since relocated without leaving a forwarding address. Harel's inquiries at a machine shop where Mengele had been part owner also failed to generate any leads, so he was forced to abandon the search. [86]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p13
|
Despite having provided Mengele with legal documents using his real name in 1956 (which had enabled him to formalize his permanent residency in Argentina), West Germany was now offering a reward for his capture. Continuing newspaper coverage of Mengele's wartime activities, with accompanying photographs, led him to relocate once again in 1960. Former pilot Hans-Ulrich Rudel put him in touch with the Nazi supporter Wolfgang Gerhard, who helped Mengele to cross the border into Brazil. [79] [87] He stayed with Gerhard on his farm near São Paulo until more permanent accommodation could be found, with Hungarian expatriates Géza and Gitta Stammer. With the help of an investment from Mengele, the couple bought a farm in Nova Europa , which Mengele was given the job of managing for them. The three bought a coffee and cattle farm in Serra Negra in 1962, with Mengele owning a half interest. [88] Gerhard had initially told the Stammers that Mengele's name was "Peter Hochbichler", but they discovered his true identity in 1963. Gerhard persuaded the couple not to report Mengele's location to the authorities by convincing them that they themselves could be implicated for harboring the fugitive. [89] In February 1961, West Germany widened its extradition request to include Brazil, having been tipped off to the possibility that Mengele had relocated there. [90] Meanwhile, Zvi Aharoni , one of the Mossad agents who had been involved in the Eichmann capture, was placed in charge of a team of agents tasked with tracking down Mengele and bringing him to trial in Israel. Their inquiries in Paraguay revealed no clues to his whereabouts, and they were unable to intercept any correspondence between Mengele and his wife Martha, who was then living in Italy. Agents that were following Rudel's movements also failed to produce any leads. [91] Aharoni and his team followed Gerhard to a rural area near São Paulo, where they identified a European man whom they believed to be Mengele. [92] This potential breakthrough was reported to Harel, but the logistics of staging a capture, the budgetary constraints of the search operation, and the priority of focusing on Israel's deteriorating relationship with Egypt led the Mossad chief to call off the hunt for Mengele in 1962. [93]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p14
|
Later life and death [ edit ] In 1969, Mengele and the Stammers jointly purchased a farmhouse in Caieiras , with Mengele as half owner. [94] When Wolfgang Gerhard returned to Germany in 1971 to seek medical treatment for his ailing wife and son, he gave his identity card to Mengele. [95] The Stammers' friendship with Mengele deteriorated in late 1974, and when they bought a house in São Paulo, Mengele was not invited to join them. [b] The Stammers later bought a bungalow in the Eldorado neighborhood of São Paulo, which they rented out to Mengele. [98] Rolf, who had not seen his father since the ski holiday in 1956, visited him at the bungalow in 1977; he found an unrepentant Nazi who claimed he had never personally harmed anyone and only carried out his duties as an officer. [99] Mengele's health had been steadily deteriorating since 1972. He suffered a stroke in 1976, [100] experienced high blood pressure, and developed an ear infection which affected his balance. On 7 February 1979, while visiting his friends Wolfram and Liselotte Bossert in the coastal resort of Bertioga , Mengele suffered another stroke while swimming and drowned. [101] His body was buried in Embu das Artes under the name "Wolfgang Gerhard", whose identification Mengele had been using since 1971. [102] Other aliases used by Mengele in his later life included "Dr. Fausto Rindón" and "S. Josi Alvers Aspiazu". [103]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p15
|
Exhumation [ edit ] Meanwhile, sightings of Josef Mengele were being reported all over the world. Wiesenthal claimed to have information that placed Mengele on the Greek island of Kythnos in 1960, [104] in Cairo in 1961, [105] in Spain in 1971, [106] and in Paraguay in 1978, eighteen years after he had left the country. [107] He insisted as late as 1985 that Mengele was still alive—six years after he had died—having previously offered a reward of US$ 100,000 in 1982 for the fugitive's capture. [108] Worldwide interest in the case was heightened by a mock trial held in Jerusalem in February 1985, featuring the testimonies of over one hundred victims of Mengele's experiments. Shortly afterwards, the West German, Israeli, and U.S. governments launched a coordinated effort to determine Mengele's whereabouts. The West German and Israeli governments offered rewards for his capture, as did The Washington Times and the Simon Wiesenthal Center . [109] On 31 May 1985, acting on intelligence received by the West German prosecutor's office, police raided the house of Hans Sedlmeier, a lifelong friend of Mengele and sales manager of the family firm in Günzburg. [110] They found a coded address book and copies of letters sent to and received from Mengele. Among the papers was a letter from Wolfram Bossert notifying Sedlmeier of Mengele's death. [111] German authorities alerted the police in São Paulo, who then contacted the Bosserts. Under interrogation, they revealed the location of Mengele's grave, [112] and the remains were exhumed on 6 June 1985. Extensive forensic examination indicated with a high degree of probability that the body was indeed that of Josef Mengele. [113] Rolf Mengele issued a statement on 10 June confirming that the body was his father's, and he admitted that the news of his father's death had been concealed in order to protect the people who had sheltered him for many years. [114]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p16
|
In 1992, DNA testing confirmed Mengele's identity beyond doubt, [115] but family members refused repeated requests by Brazilian officials to repatriate the remains to Germany. [116] The skeleton is stored at the São Paulo Institute for Forensic Medicine, where it is used as an educational aid during forensic medicine courses at the University of São Paulo 's medical school. [117] Later developments [ edit ] In 2007, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum received as a donation the Höcker Album , an album of photographs of Auschwitz staff taken by Karl-Friedrich Höcker . Eight of the photographs include Mengele. [118] In February 2010, a 180-page volume of Mengele's diary was sold by Alexander Autographs at auction for an undisclosed sum to the grandson of a Holocaust survivor. The unidentified previous owner, who acquired the journals in Brazil, was reported to be close to the Mengele family. A Holocaust survivors' organization described the sale as "a cynical act of exploitation aimed at profiting from the writings of one of the most heinous Nazi criminals". [119] Rabbi Marvin Hier of the Simon Wiesenthal Center was glad to see the diary fall into Jewish hands. "At a time when Ahmadinejad's Iran regularly denies the Holocaust and anti-Semitism and hatred of Jews is back in vogue, this acquisition is especially significant", he said. [120] In 2011, a further 31 volumes of Mengele's diaries were sold—again amidst protests—by the same auction house to an undisclosed collector of World War II memorabilia for US$245,000. [121]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p17
|
Journal articles [ edit ] Racial-Morphological Examinations of the Anterior Portion of the Lower Jaw in Four Racial Groups . This dissertation, completed in 1935 and first published in 1937, earned him a PhD in anthropology from Munich University. In this work Mengele sought to demonstrate that there were structural differences in the lower jaws of individuals from different ethnic groups, and that racial distinctions could be made based on these differences. [8] [122] Genealogical Studies in the Cases of Cleft Lip-Jaw-Palate (1938), his medical dissertation, earned him a doctorate in medicine from Frankfurt University. Studying the influence of genetics as a factor in the occurrence of this deformity, Mengele conducted research on families who exhibited these traits in multiple generations. The work also included notes on other abnormalities found in these family lines. [8] [123] Hereditary Transmission of Fistulae Auris . This journal article, published in Der Erbarzt (The Genetic Physician), focuses on fistula auris (an abnormal fissure on the external ear) as a hereditary trait. Mengele noted that individuals who have this trait also tend to have a dimple on their chin. [14] See also [ edit ] Aribert Heim Grigory Mairanovsky Kurt Blome List of solved missing persons cases Nazi eugenics Shirō Ishii References [ edit ] Informational notes [ edit ] ^ Of the Hungarians who arrived in mid-1944, 85 percent were killed immediately. [28]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p18
|
^ Based on entries in Mengele's journals and interviews with his friends, historians such as Gerald Posner and Gerald Astor believe that Mengele had a sexual relationship with Gitta Stammer. [96] [97] Citations [ edit ] ^ a b Levy 2006 , p. 242. ^ a b c d USHMM: Josef Mengele . ^ a b c d e Kubica 1998 , p. 320. ^ a b c Astor 1985 , p. 102. ^ Astor 1985 , p. 12. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 4–5. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 6–7. ^ a b c d e f Kubica 1998 , p. 318. ^ Kershaw 2008 , p. 81. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 8, 10. ^ Weindling 2002 , p. 53. ^ Allison 2011 , p. 52. ^ Levy 2006 , p. 234 (footnote). ^ a b c Lifton 1986 , p. 340. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 11. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 54. ^ Evans 2008 , p. 7. ^ Longerich 2010 , p. 132. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 16. ^ Kubica 1998 , pp. 318–319. ^ a b c Kubica 1998 , p. 319. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 16–18. ^ Astor 1985 , p. 27. ^ Longerich 2010 , pp. 282–283.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p19
|
^ Steinbacher 2005 , pp. 94, 96. ^ Steinbacher 2005 , pp. 104–105. ^ Rees 2005 , p. 100. ^ Steinbacher 2005 , p. 109. ^ Levy 2006 , pp. 235–237. ^ Astor 1985 , p. 80. ^ a b Allison 2011 , p. 53. ^ a b c Lifton 1985 . ^ Astor 1985 , p. 78. ^ Levy 2006 , pp. 248–249. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 29. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 27. ^ Piper 1998 , pp. 170, 172. ^ Kubica 1998 , pp. 328–329. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 33. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 33–34. ^ Steinbacher 2005 , p. 114. ^ Lifton 1986 , pp. 358–359. ^ Nyiszli 2011 , p. 57. ^ Kubica 1998 , pp. 320–321. ^ Lagnado & Dekel 1991 , p. 9. ^ Lifton 1986 , p. 341. ^ Lifton 1986 , pp. 376–377. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 48. ^ Lifton 1985 , p. 337. ^ Lifton 1986 , p. 350. ^ a b Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 37. ^ Lifton 1986 , p. 351. ^ Lifton 1986 , pp. 347, 353. ^ Lifton 1986 , p. 362. ^ Lifton 1986 , p. 360. ^ Brozan 1982 . ^ Mozes-Kor 1992 , p. 57. ^ a b Levy 2006 , p. 255.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p20
|
^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 57. ^ Steinbacher 2005 , p. 128. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 63. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 63, 68. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 68, 88. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 87. ^ Levy 2006 , p. 263. ^ Levy 2006 , p. 264–265. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 88,108. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 95. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 104–105. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 107–108. ^ Nash 1992 . ^ a b Levy 2006 , p. 267. ^ Astor 1985 , p. 166. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 2. ^ a b Astor 1985 , p. 167. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 111. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 112. ^ Levy 2006 , pp. 269–270. ^ a b Levy 2006 , p. 273. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 76, 82. ^ Levy 2006 , p. 261. ^ Levy 2006 , p. 271. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 121. ^ Levy 2006 , pp. 269–270, 272. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 139. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 142–143. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 162. ^ Levy 2006 , pp. 279–281.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p21
|
^ Levy 2006 , pp. 280, 282. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 168. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 166–167. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 184–186. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 184, 187–188. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 223. ^ Levy 2006 , p. 289. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 178–179. ^ Astor 1985 , p. 224. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 242–243. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 2, 279. ^ Levy 2006 , pp. 289, 291. ^ Levy 2006 , pp. 294–295. ^ Blumenthal 1985 , p. 1. ^ Zentner & Bedürftig 1991 , p. 586. ^ Segev 2010 , p. 167. ^ Walters 2009 , p. 317. ^ Walters 2009 , p. 370. ^ Levy 2006 , p. 296. ^ Levy 2006 , pp. 297, 301. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 306–308. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 89, 313. ^ Levy 2006 , p. 302. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 315, 317. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , pp. 319–321. ^ Posner & Ware 1986 , p. 322. ^ Saad 2005 . ^ Simons 1988 . ^ The Guardian 2017 . ^ USHMM: SS Auschwitz album . ^ Oster 2010 . ^ Hier 2010 . ^ Aderet 2011 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p22
|
^ Lifton 1986 , p. 339. ^ Lifton 1986 , pp. 339–340. Bibliography [ edit ] Aderet, Ofer (22 July 2011). "Ultra-Orthodox man buys diaries of Nazi doctor Mengele for $245,000" . Haaretz . Retrieved 2 February 2014 . Allison, Kirk C. (2011). "Eugenics, race hygiene, and the Holocaust: Antecedents and consolidations". In Friedman, Jonathan C (ed.). Routledge History of the Holocaust . Milton Park; New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 45–58. ISBN 978-0-415-77956-2 . Astor, Gerald (1985). Last Nazi: Life and Times of Dr Joseph Mengele . New York: Donald I. Fine. ISBN 978-0-917657-46-7 . Blumenthal, Ralph (22 July 1985). "Scientists Decide Brazil Skeleton Is Josef Mengele" . The New York Times . Retrieved 1 February 2014 . Brozan, Nadine (15 November 1982). "Out of Death, a Zest for Life" . The New York Times . Evans, Richard J. (2008). The Third Reich at War . New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-311671-4 . Hier, Marvin (2010). "Wiesenthal Center Praises Acquisition of Mengele's Diary" . Simpn Wiesenthal Center. Archived from the original on 8 May 2017 . Retrieved 2 February 2014 . Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography . New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6 . Kubica, Helena (1998) [1994]. "The Crimes of Josef Mengele". In Gutman, Yisrael; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.). Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp . Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 317–337. ISBN 978-0-253-20884-2 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p23
|
Lagnado, Lucette Matalon ; Dekel, Sheila Cohn (1991). Children of the Flames: Dr Josef Mengele and the Untold Story of the Twins of Auschwitz . New York: William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-688-09695-3 . Levy, Alan (2006) [1993]. Nazi Hunter: The Wiesenthal File (Revised 2002 ed.). London: Constable & Robinson. ISBN 978-1-84119-607-7 . Lifton, Robert Jay (21 July 1985). "What Made This Man? Mengele" . The New York Times . Retrieved 11 January 2014 . Lifton, Robert Jay (1986). The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide . New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-04905-9 . Longerich, Peter (2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews . Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5 . Mozes-Kor, Eva (1992). "Mengele Twins and Human Experimentation: A Personal Account". In Annas, George J. ; Grodin, Michael A. (eds.). The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation . New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 53–59. ISBN 978-0-19-510106-5 . Nash, Nathaniel C. (11 February 1992). "Mengele an Abortionist, Argentine Files Suggest" . The New York Times . Retrieved 31 August 2014 . Nyiszli, Miklós (2011) [1960]. Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account . New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61145-011-8 . Oster, Marcy (3 February 2010). "Survivor's grandson buys Mengele diary" . Jewish Telegraphic Agency . Retrieved 2 February 2014 . Piper, Franciszek (1998) [1994]. "Gas Chambers and Crematoria". In Gutman, Yisrael ; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.). Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp . Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 157–182. ISBN 978-0-253-20884-2 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p24
|
Posner, Gerald L. ; Ware, John (1986). Mengele: The Complete Story . New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-050598-8 . Rees, Laurence (2005). Auschwitz: A New History . New York: Public Affairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-303-6 . Saad, Rana (1 April 2005). "Discovery, development, and current applications of DNA identity testing" . Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings . 18 (2): 130–133. doi : 10.1080/08998280.2005.11928051 . PMC 1200713 . PMID 16200161 . Segev, Tom (2010). Simon Wiesenthal: The Life and Legends . New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-51946-5 . Simons, Marlise (17 March 1988). "Remains of Mengele Rest Uneasily in Brazil" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 February 2014 . Staff (2009). "Josef Mengele" . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Retrieved 22 August 2019 . Staff (11 January 2017). "Nazi doctor Josef Mengele's bones used in Brazil forensic medicine courses" . The Guardian . Associated Press . Retrieved 24 August 2019 . Staff (2007). "SS Auschwitz album" . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Retrieved 30 January 2019 . Steinbacher, Sybille (2005) [2004]. Auschwitz: A History . Munich: Verlag C. H. Beck. ISBN 978-0-06-082581-2 . Walters, Guy (2009). Hunting Evil: The Nazi War Criminals Who Escaped and the Quest to Bring Them to Justice . New York: Broadway Books. ISBN 978-0-7679-2873-1 . Weindling, Paul (2002). "The Ethical Legacy of Nazi Medical War Crimes: Origins, Human Experiments, and International Justice". In Burley, Justine; Harris, John (eds.). A Companion to Genethics . Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Malden, MA; Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 53–69. doi : 10.1002/9780470756423.ch5 . ISBN 978-0-631-20698-9 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p25
|
Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1991). The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich . New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-897502-3 . Further reading [ edit ] Harel, Isser (1975). The House on Garibaldi Street: the First Full Account of the Capture of Adolf Eichmann . New York: Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-38028-2 . Levin, Ira (1991). The Boys from Brazil . London: Bantam. ISBN 978-0-553-29004-2 . Lieberman, Herbert A. (1978). The Climate of Hell . New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-82236-1 . Wharam, Philip (2015). Right to Live: an historical novel based on Mengele's life between 1945 and 1963 . London: Lynfa Publishing. ISBN 9781508488996 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Josef Mengele . Wikiquote has quotations related to: Josef Mengele Belnap, David F. (10 August 1979). "Mengele Hunt Focuses on Paraguay" . Los Angeles Times . Breitman, Richard (April 2001). "Historical Analysis of 20 Name Files from CIA Records" . US National Archives. Office of Special Investigations, Criminal Division (October 1992). "In the Matter of Josef Mengele: A Report to the Attorney General of the United States" (PDF) . United States Department of Justice . Papanayotou, Vivi (18 September 2005). "Skeletons in the Closet of German Science" . Deutsche Welle . Posner, Gerald; Ware, John (18 May 1986). "How Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele cheated justice for 34 years" . Chicago Tribune Magazine .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p26
|
Siegert, Alice (30 June 1985). "His secret out, Rolf Mengele talks about his father" . Chicago Tribune Magazine . v t e The Holocaust in Poland Main article The Holocaust Related articles by country Belarus Belgium Croatia Denmark Estonia France Latvia Lithuania Norway Russia Slovakia Ukraine v t e Camps, ghettos and attacks Camps Extermination Auschwitz II-Birkenau Chełmno Majdanek Operation Reinhard death camps Bełżec Sobibor Treblinka Concentration Auschwitz I Kraków-Płaszów Potulice Soldau Stutthof Szebnie Trawniki Warsaw Nazi mass shootings Bronna Góra Erntefest Kielce cemetery Aktion Krakau Lviv Palmiry Sonderaktion Krakau Tykocin Bydgoszcz Bloody Sunday Pogroms by Poles Jedwabne Szczuczyn Wąsosz Kielce (1946) Ghettos Będzin Białystok Brest Częstochowa Grodno Kielce Kraków Lwów Łódź Lubartów Lublin Międzyrzec Podlaski Mizocz Nowy Sącz Pińsk Radom Siedlce Sambor Słonim Sosnowiec Stanisławów Tarnopol Wilno Warsaw Other atrocities Action T4 Grossaktion Warsaw Human medical experiments v t e Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators Perpetrators Organizers Josef Bühler Adolf Eichmann Theodor Eicke Ludwig Fischer Hans Frank Odilo Globočnik Richard Glücks Arthur Greiser Heinrich Himmler Hermann Höfle Fritz Katzmann Wilhelm Koppe Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger Franz Kutschera Erwin Lambert Ernst Lerch Oswald Pohl Heinz Reinefarth Julian Scherner Arthur Seyss-Inquart Jakob Sporrenberg Bruno Streckenbach Richard Thomalla Otto Wächter Dieter Wisliceny Camp command Hans Aumeier Richard Baer Wilhelm Boger Hermine Braunsteiner Irmfried Eberl Theodor van Eupen Kurt Franz Karl Frenzel Karl Fritzsch Amon Göth
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p27
|
Maximilian Grabner Fritz Hartjenstein Gottlieb Hering Rudolf Höss Franz Hössler Josef Kramer Arthur Liebehenschel Maria Mandl Heinrich Matthes Hermann Michel Karl Möckel Robert Mulka Johann Niemann Josef Oberhauser Franz Reichleitner Heinrich Schwarz Franz Stangl Gustav Wagner Christian Wirth Gas chamber executioners Erich Bauer Kurt Bolender Lorenz Hackenholt Josef Klehr Hans Koch Herbert Lange Adolf Theuer Physicians Franz von Bodmann Carl Clauberg Karl Gebhardt Fritz Klein Josef Mengele Horst Schumann Alfred Trzebinski Eduard Wirths Ghetto command Heinz Auerswald Hans Biebow Josef Blösche Franz Bürkl Franz Konrad Alexander Palfinger Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg Jürgen Stroop Einsatzgruppen Wolfgang Birkner Paul Blobel Felix Landau Hermann Schaper Karl Eberhard Schöngarth Udo von Woyrsch Personnel Camp guards Juana Bormann Luise Danz John Demjanjuk Margot Dreschel Kurt Gerstein Irma Grese Karl-Friedrich Höcker Oswald Kaduk Josef Kollmer Erich Muhsfeldt Alice Orlowski Elisabeth Volkenrath By camp Sobibor Treblinka Organizations Einsatzgruppen ( SS ) Order Police battalions ( Ordnungspolizei ) WVHA RKFDV VoMi General Government Hotel Polski Collaboration Schutzmannschaft ( Belarusian Auxiliary Police , Estonian Auxiliary Police / 36th Estonian Police Battalion , Latvian Auxiliary Police , Arajs Kommando , Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions , Ypatingasis būrys , Ukrainian Auxiliary Police / Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118 ) SS Sturmbrigade RONA Trawniki men v t e Resistance: Judenrat, victims, documentation and technical Organizations AK AOB Bund GL PKB ŻOB ŻZW Uprisings Ghetto uprisings Białystok
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p28
|
Częstochowa Sobibor Treblinka Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Leaders Mordechai Anielewicz Icchak Cukierman Mordechai Tenenbaum Marek Edelman Leon Feldhendler Paweł Frenkiel Henryk Iwański Itzhak Katzenelson Michał Klepfisz Miles Lerman Alexander Pechersky Witold Pilecki Frumka Płotnicka Roza Robota Szmul Zygielbojm Judenrat Jewish Ghetto Police Adam Czerniaków Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski Victim lists Ghettos Kraków Łódź Lvov (Lwów) Warsaw Camps Auschwitz Bełżec Gross-Rosen Izbica Majdanek Sobibór Soldau Stutthof Trawniki Treblinka Documentation Nazi sources Auschwitz Album Frank Memorandum Höcker Album Höfle Telegram Katzmann Report Korherr Report Nisko Plan Posen speeches Special Prosecution Book-Poland Stroop Report Wannsee Conference Witness accounts Graebe affidavit Gerstein Report Vrba–Wetzler report Witold's Report Sonderkommando photographs Concealment Sonderaktion 1005 Technical and logistics Identification in camps Gas chamber Gas van Holocaust train Human medical experimentation Zyklon B v t e Aftermath, trials and commemoration Aftermath Holocaust survivors Polish population transfers (1944–1946) Bricha Kielce pogrom Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–46 Ministry of Public Security Trials West German trials Frankfurt Auschwitz trials Treblinka trials Polish, East German, and Soviet trials Auschwitz trial (Poland) Stutthof trials Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission Memorials Museum of the History of Polish Jews Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum Majdanek State Museum Sobibór Museum International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz March of the Living Righteous Among the Nations Polish Righteous Among the Nations ( List ) Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust Garden of the Righteous
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p29
|
v t e Nazi Party Leader Anton Drexler (1919–1921) Adolf Hitler (1921–1945) Martin Bormann (1945) History Adolf Hitler's rise to power Beer Hall Putsch Brown House, Munich Denazification Enabling Act of 1933 German Workers' Party National Socialist Program Nazism Night of the Long Knives Nuremberg Rally SA Thule Society Party offices Amt Rosenberg Hitler Youth Hitler's Chancellery Nazi Party Chancellery Office of Colonial Policy Office of Military Policy Office of Racial Policy Office of Foreign Affairs NSDAP/AO SS SS Education Office Publications Völkischer Beobachter Das Schwarze Korps Das Reich Innviertler Heimatblatt Arbeitertum Der Angriff Panzerbär Notable members Artur Axmann Houston Stewart Chamberlain Kurt Daluege Richard Walther Darré Rudolf Diels Karl Dönitz Dietrich Eckart Adolf Eichmann Hans Frank Roland Freisler Wilhelm Frick Walther Funk Joseph Goebbels Hermann Göring Ernst Hanfstaengl Rudolf Hess Reinhard Heydrich Heinrich Himmler Rudolf Höss Ernst Kaltenbrunner Robert Ley Josef Mengele Konstantin von Neurath Joachim von Ribbentrop Ernst Röhm Alfred Rosenberg Bernhard Rust Fritz Todt Baldur von Schirach Arthur Seyss-Inquart Albert Speer Gregor Strasser Otto Strasser Julius Streicher Cosima Wagner Derivatives Black Front ( Strasserism ) / German Social Union Deutsche Reichspartei / National Democratic Party of Germany Socialist Reich Party Related articles Adolf Hitler Schools German Question Horst Wessel Song Jewish Question Munich Documentation Centre National Political Institute of Education Nazi Germany Nazi songs Operation Werwolf Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p30
|
SS-Junker Schools Stab-in-the-back myth v t e Post-war flight of Axis fugitives Fugitives German / Austrian Ludolf von Alvensleben Klaus Barbie Hermine Braunsteiner Alois Brunner Adolf Eichmann Aribert Heim Walter Kutschmann Johann von Leers Josef Mengele Hermann Michel Erich Priebke Walter Rauff Eduard Roschmann Walter Schreiber Horst Schumann Josef Schwammberger Franz Stangl Gustav Wagner Croatian Milivoj Ašner Andrija Artuković Anton Geiser Vjekoslav Luburić Ante Pavelić Dinko Šakić Vjekoslav Vrančić Belgian Pierre Daye Léon Degrelle René Lagrou Ukrainian John Demjanjuk Feodor Fedorenko Mykola Lebed Danish Søren Kam Carl Værnet Estonian Aleksander Laak Karl Linnas Latvian Viktors Arājs Herberts Cukurs Other nationalities Tscherim Soobzokov (Circassian) Assistance Organizations Ratlines State involvement Colonia Dignidad (Chile) Franco (Spain) Perón (Argentina) Videla (Argentina) Operation Paperclip (USA) Operation Osoaviakhim (USSR) Robert Leiber (Holy See) Banzer (Bolivia) Stroessner (Paraguay) Other persons Rodolfo Freude Alois Hudal Charles Lescat Hans-Ulrich Rudel Otto Skorzeny Hunters Serge and Beate Klarsfeld Eli Rosenbaum Simon Wiesenthal Efraim Zuroff Disputed / dubious Krunoslav Draganović ODESSA Stille Hilfe See also List of most-wanted Nazi war criminals Authority control BNE : XX1580893 BNF : cb11934884h (data) CANTIC : a10460135 GND : 118783262 ISNI : 0000 0000 6675 6143 LCCN : n81068925 NARA : 10569612 NDL : 00621120 NKC : xx0029939 NLI : 000613351 NTA : 071404422 SELIBR : 217254 SNAC : w6931ktt SUDOC : 02727103X VIAF : 20476549
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p31
|
WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 20476549 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1328 Cached time: 20191217181513 Cache expiry: 86400 Dynamic content: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 2.004 seconds Real time usage: 2.700 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7124/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 376128/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8836/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/40 Expensive parser function count: 21/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 133178/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 3/400 Lua time usage: 1.172/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 24.46 MB/50 MB Lua Profile: Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 300 ms 22.7% ? 300 ms 22.7% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:41> 140 ms 10.6% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity 60 ms 4.5% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::match 60 ms 4.5% insert 60 ms 4.5% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::getFrameTitle 40 ms 3.0% <mw.lua:695> 40 ms 3.0% dataWrapper <mw.lua:661> 40 ms 3.0% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::gsub 40 ms 3.0% [others] 240 ms 18.2% Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 2300.116 1 -total 28.20% 648.605 1 Template:Infobox_military_person 27.48% 631.968 1 Template:Infobox 15.60% 358.801 150 Template:Sfn 14.11% 324.594 16 Template:Navbox 12.56% 288.886 4 Template:Plainlist 10.04% 230.976 3 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.12% 209.669 1 Template:Lang-de 8.13% 187.061 1 Template:Birth_date 7.06% 162.453 7 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:84508-0!canonical and timestamp 20191217181510 and revision id 930754930 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josef_Mengele&oldid=930754930 " Categories : 1911 births 1979 deaths 20th-century German non-fiction writers Accidental deaths in Brazil Auschwitz concentration camp personnel Combat medics Deaths by drowning Formerly missing people German anthropologists German eugenicists German expatriates in Argentina German expatriates in Brazil German expatriates in Italy German male non-fiction writers German medical writers German military personnel of World War II German military doctors Holocaust perpetrators in Poland Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni Nazi human subject research Nazi physicians Nazi war criminals Nazis in South America People from Günzburg People from the Kingdom of Bavaria Porajmos perpetrators Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class SS-Hauptsturmführer Waffen-SS personnel People who died at sea Burials in São Paulo (state) People associated with the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics Hidden categories: Good articles Articles with short description Use dmy dates from August 2019 Use American English from April 2015 All Wikipedia articles written in American English Articles containing German-language text Articles with hAudio microformats Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191218233046id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele_p32
|
Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية Aragonés تۆرکجه বাংলা Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Kurdî Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 14 December 2019, at 18:29 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Statistics Cookie statement Mobile view
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p0
|
Solange Knowles - Wikipedia CentralNotice Solange Knowles From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Solange Solange Knowles at stage in Oslo in 2017 Born Solange Piaget Knowles ( 1986-06-24 ) June 24, 1986 (age 33) [1] Houston , Texas , U.S. Residence New Orleans, Louisiana , U.S. Other names Solange Knowles-Smith Occupation Singer-songwriter performance artist record producer actress Years active 2001–present Spouse(s) Daniel Smith ( m. 2004; div. 2007) Alan Ferguson ( m. 2014; separated 2019) Children 1 Parent(s) Mathew Knowles Tina Knowles Relatives Beyoncé (sister) Musical career Genres R&B pop hip hop funk soul Instruments Vocals keyboards Labels Music World Columbia Interscope Geffen A&M Terrible Saint Associated acts Destiny's Child Adam Banbridge Chromeo Dev Hynes Kelela John Carroll Kirby David Longstreth Master P Janelle Monáe Panda Bear Raphael Saadiq Sampha Standing on the Corner Tyler, the Creator Pharrell Williams Patrick Wimberly Website www .solangemusic .com Solange Piaget Knowles ( / s oʊ ˈ l ɑː n ʒ / ; born June 24, 1986), [2] [3] also known mononymously as Solange , is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, performance artist [4] , and actress. Expressing an interest in music from an early age, Knowles had several temporary stints as a backup dancer for Destiny's Child , which featured her elder sister, Beyoncé , among its members, before signing with her father Mathew Knowles 's Music World Entertainment label. At age 16, Knowles released her first studio album Solo Star (2002). Between 2005 and 2007, Knowles had several minor acting roles, including the direct-to-video Bring It On: All or Nothing (2006) and continued writing music for Beyoncé and for former Destiny's Child group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p1
|
In 2007, Knowles began to record music again. Her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams (2008) deviated from the pop-oriented music of her debut to the Motown Sound of the 1960s and 1970s. It peaked at number nine on US Billboard 200 and received positive reviews from critics. She followed this up with the 1980s pop and R&B –inspired extended play True (2012) on Terrible Records and her imprint Saint Records . Her third studio album, A Seat at the Table (2016) was released to widespread critical acclaim, and became her first number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single, " Cranes in the Sky " won the Grammy for Best R&B Performance . Her fourth studio album, When I Get Home , was released in 2019. Knowles was heavily influenced by Motown girl groups and says that her first passion is songwriting. She is frequently compared by the media to her sister, Beyoncé, but Solange insists they have different aspirations and are musically different. She has been ranked by Billboard as the 100th most successful dance artist of all-time, [5] and in 2017 was honored with the "Impact Award" at Billboard Women in Music . [6] Her other ventures include an endorsement deal with Rimmel London and a line of hip-hop-oriented merchandise for young children. On November 16, 2014, Knowles married music video director Alan Ferguson in New Orleans , Louisiana. [7]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p2
|
Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 2001–2003: Early career and Solo Star 2.2 2003–2008: Films and Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams 2.3 2008–2014: True EP and Saint Records 2.4 2014–present: A Seat at the Table, When I Get Home, and performance art. 3 Artistry 3.1 Music and influences 3.2 Public image 4 Other ventures 4.1 House of Deréon 5 Personal life 6 Discography 7 Tours 8 Filmography 8.1 Film 8.2 Television 9 Honors and awards 10 See also 11 References 12 External links Early life [ edit ] Knowles was born in Houston , Texas, to Mathew Knowles and Tina Knowles . Solange's older sister is singer and performer Beyoncé . Her father, originally from Alabama, is African American , and her mother, originally from Texas , is Creole (with Cameroonian, Native American, and French ancestry). [8] [9] [10] Her maternal grandparents are Lumis Beyincé and Agnéz Deréon , (a seamstress ). She is also a descendant of Acadian leader Joseph Broussard . [11] As a child, Knowles studied dance and theater. At the age of five, she made her singing debut at an amusement park. She began writing songs at the age of nine. [12] At 13, she decided to pursue recording, but her parents initially advised her to wait. At the age of 15 Knowles replaced a departed dancer and performed with her sister's group Destiny's Child on tour. [13] During the group's opening stint for American pop singer Christina Aguilera 's tour, Knowles temporarily replaced Destiny's Child member Kelly Rowland after she broke her toes backstage during a costume change. [14] When Knowles was 16, her father, who was then also her manager, signed her to his recording company, Music World Entertainment, along with Columbia .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p3
|
Career [ edit ] 2001–2003: Early career and Solo Star [ edit ] Managed by her father Mathew, Knowles first ventured into the music business in 2001 as the lead singer, backed by Destiny's Child, on the title theme song for the animated television series The Proud Family . [15] [16] She also was a featured performer on "Hey Goldmember" for the soundtrack to the 2002 film Austin Powers in Goldmember , [15] as well as a backup singer on the track "Little Drummer Boy" on Destiny's Child's 2001 holiday album 8 Days of Christmas . [17] In 2002, she was featured on Lil Romeo 's second studio album Game Time , singing portions of Luther Vandross -penned "So Amazing" on the single "True Love", and on Kelly Rowland's debut solo album Simply Deep , for which she also wrote the title track, "Beyond Imagination" and "Obsession". In 2001 she appeared as Lil' Bow Wow's date in the music video for his single " Puppy Love ". [18] She also made an appearance on The Master of Disguise soundtrack and made cameos in Play 's video for "M.A.S.T.E.R. (Part II)" featuring Lil' Fizz . In 2002, she lent her voice for the character Chanel, the cousin of the protagonist Penny Proud , in the episode "Behind Family Lines" to the animated television series The Proud Family . [19]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p4
|
In June 2003, Mathew Knowles excitedly announced that he was considering adding Solange to Destiny's Child when the group reunited in 2004, thus turning them into a quartet for the first time since short-lived member Farrah Franklin left in 2000. Mathew Knowles said he was testing the reactions, and, judging by what he had heard, "it seems like a good idea". [20] Later in August, however, Beyoncé said it was only a rumor and Destiny's Child would remain a trio. Rowland added, "She's a solo star," name-dropping Knowles' debut album. [21] At the age of 14, Solange Knowles started working on her debut album Solo Star , [22] which involved American producers such as Jermaine Dupri , The Neptunes , Linda Perry and Timbaland among others. The album is primarily uptempo R&B , although Knowles said there are pop, rock, reggae and hip hop influences. [15] [17] Knowles co-wrote and co-produced some of the 15 tracks in the album, [23] including its lead single , " Feelin' You (Part II) ". The song failed to enter the Billboard Hot 100 , but reached number three on both the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales and Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart. [24] [25] Solo Star was released on January 21, 2003 in the United States, where it debuted at number 49 on the Billboard 200 and reached number 23 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. [26] [27] Solo Star had a mixed critical reception: William Ruhlmann of AllMusic called it a "state-of-the-art contemporary R&B album", but deemed Knowles "lost somewhere in the mix". [28] By mid-2008, the album had sold 112,000 copies domestically according to Nielsen SoundScan . [27]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p5
|
2003–2008: Films and Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams [ edit ] Knowles performing at the Ruby Lounge in Manchester in 2008 In 2004, she guest starred in the episode "The Catch" of the sitcom One on One . Knowles appeared as a teenager in the 2004 comedy film Johnson Family Vacation , starring alongside American actors Cedric the Entertainer , Vanessa Williams and Bow Wow . [21] She provided a song for its soundtrack—" Freedom ", a collaboration with the Houston-based funk-jazz band Drop Trio . Although the reviews were generally negative, Knowles earned praise from Variety magazine: "Solange Knowles is nearly as dazzling as big sister Beyoncé and does little more than smile winningly in her first bigscreen outing." [29] In 2006, she starred as a cheerleading captain in the film Bring It On: All or Nothing , the third installment of the Bring It On series, alongside American actress and singer Hayden Panettiere . What little critical reaction the low-budget, direct-to-DVD movie got was negative, [30] and Knowles was described as an "affordable young starlet". [31] Knowles uses her full name for her acting, rather than just the first name she uses when singing; for Bring It On: All or Nothing , she was billed as Solange Knowles-Smith, [32] reflecting her married state at the time. After the release of her debut album, Knowles started acting in films followed by a career break. [33] While she was married, her family moved to Idaho , and, while staying there, resumed writing songs including the singles " Get Me Bodied " and " Upgrade U " from her sister's second solo album, B'Day . [33] [34] Knowles earned the R&B and Hip-Hop Song accolade for "Get Me Bodied" at the 2008 ASCAP Awards . [35] She had also written songs for Destiny's Child, and members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams . [13] In 2004, while pregnant with her son Daniel, she made a cameo appearance in Destiny's Child's music video for " Soldier ". [36]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p6
|
After the divorce, Knowles returned to Houston to begin working on her second album. Knowles renewed her management, signing a record deal with Geffen and a publishing deal with EMI . [37] [38] Knowles finished working on her second studio album in 2008 and titled the project Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams . It includes production by CeeLo Green , Soulshock & Karlin and Mark Ronson as well as an appearance by Bilal . A collection of 1960s and 1970s influenced songs, [39] it is seen as a departure from her pop-oriented debut, [40] [41] with what Billboard magazine called "more of a modern twist on hip-hop and R&B flecked with tinges of blues and jazz". [27] The album was released on August 26, 2008 in the United States. By December 2008, the album had sold over 114,000 copies according to Nielsen SoundScan . [42] The album was positively received by critics, [43] some of whom considered it far better than her debut. [44] The album's lead single, " I Decided ", was released in April 2008, and reached the top of the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart; [42] Rolling Stone magazine labelled it her breakthrough single. [45] In support of the album, Knowles began the Solange Presents Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams Tour in Britain in November 2008. [46] Knowles also co-wrote "Scared of Lonely" and
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p7
|
" Why Don't You Love Me " for her sister's third studio album I Am... Sasha Fierce . Knowles announced, via her blog HadleyStreetJournal.com, that she would be releasing a series of mixtapes to coincide with the album. The first mixtape, I Can't Get Clearance... , includes the leaked track " Fuck the Industry (Signed Sincerely) ". On this record, Knowles expressed her views on the current state of the music industry. The lyrics to the song name check some major artists such as Mary J. Blige , Ashanti , Keyshia Cole , and Beyoncé, although she made a point of stating that it does not have "a negative light to any of [them]". [47] The mixtape was never released, but Solange released " Fuck the Industry (Signed Sincerely)" as a single in 2010. 2008–2014: True EP and Saint Records [ edit ] Knowles performing at SXSW 2009 In an interview with MTV in 2009, Knowles revealed that she was determining the type of sound for the follow-up to Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams . [48] Knowles also parted ways with the Interscope-Geffen-A&M record label group. She would now release her third studio album independently. [49] Early in 2010, Knowles traveled to Australia to work with Australian rock band, Midnight Juggernauts on her third studio album. [ citation needed ] Knowles had planned to release the album in summer as revealed on her official Twitter account in 2009. [50] She also revealed on her Twitter account that she rented a house in Santa Barbara, California to get into a certain state of mind while writing and making music. [51] On May 7, 2010, Knowles made a guest appearance on the popular children show, Yo Gabba Gabba! for a "Mothers Day Special" where she performed an original song called "Momma Loves Baby". [52] [53] [54]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p8
|
In an interview with Vibe on July 7, 2010, Knowles said she suffered "a little bit of a breakdown " while recording her new album: "I literally gave up my sanity for a while to do this record. [...] We literally were waking up in the morning and just making music all day and all night. [...] It just started to wear on me in so many different ways. I started having these crazy panic attacks ." Knowles explained how she made sacrifices "mentally, emotionally and financially", and continued, "It's more than an album to me. It's a transitional time in my life." Regarding the musical direction of the album, she said the inspiration came from new wave and stated, "This is a dance record, but the lyrics can get pretty dark at times." [55] The singer has also worked on songs with Chromeo and long-time collaborator Pharrell Williams . In September 2012, Solange released a teaser video for " Losing You ", which was announced as the lead single from her third studio album. This release marked Solange's first release as a signee of the independent label Terrible Records . [56] The video was shot in Cape Town, South Africa in early September 2012. Knowles revealed in an interview that her mother Tina Knowles had paid for Solange and her friends to fly out and record the video as her birthday gift. On October 24, 2012, Knowles held a listening party in New York City for her EP True , released for digital download on iTunes November 27, 2012. [57] The CD and vinyl was made available January 8, 2013. Following the EP's release, Solange appeared on the cover of The Fader magazine's 84th issue. [58]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p9
|
On May 14, 2013, Knowles moved to Louisiana and announced that she had launched her own record label named Saint Records, which she will be using to release her third full-length album and future music projects distributed through Sony . [59] Saint Records was established to focus on not-yet mainstream hip-hop and R&B artists. Solange also collaborated with The Lonely Island on the song "Semicolon" which was featured as part of YouTube's Comedy Week and is featured on The Lonely Island's album, The Wack Album . On November 11, 2013, Knowles' record label released its first compilation album, Saint Heron . 2014–present: A Seat at the Table, When I Get Home, and performance art. [ edit ] Knowles performing at Coachella in 2014 On May 15, 2015 Knowles performed "Rise" for the first time at an HBO-sponsored event, which was inspired by police killings in Ferguson and Baltimore and the subsequent protests. [60] In July 2015, Knowles announced that her third studio album was nearly complete. On her thirtieth birthday, June 24, 2016, she stated that she had completed A Seat at the Table three days before her birthday, on June 21. [61] The album was released on September 30, 2016, to widespread critical acclaim. [62] It became her first number-one album in the United States. This made her and Beyoncé the first sisters to have both had US number-one albums in a calendar year. [63] On October 3, 2016, Knowles released two music videos from A Seat at the Table : "Don't Touch my Hair" and "Cranes in the Sky", both co-directed by herself and husband, Alan Ferguson .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p10
|
During the 2017 Roots Picnic Festival in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Knowles performed a rendition of the sing-along from The Proud Family , the television series whose theme song she was featured on in 2001, and she participated at the 2017 Glastonbury Festival . [64] [65] In December 2017, Solange directed the video of The Weekend by SZA (singer) . [66] On October 15, 2018, it was announced by Knowles that she would be releasing her fourth studio album in the Fall during an interview with New York Times Style Magazine . [67] However, this did not come to fruition. On January 3, 2019, the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival announced that Solange would co-headline the stage with Tame Impala . [68] The Coachella performance was later canceled due to “major production delays”. [69] On January 8, 2019, it was announced Solange would be performing at the Bonnaroo Music Festival . [70] She was also confirmed to perform at the UK's Parklife festival [71] and Lovebox Festival . [72] On March 1, 2019, she released her fourth studio album, When I Get Home , on all streaming platforms. [73] She previously teased the album by posting two video snippets on her Instagram and Twitter, and a personal web page on the African-American social networking site, BlackPlanet . [74] Outside her work of being a singer-songwriter, Solange has also ventured into performance art. In an interview with Surface magazine, she said "I'm not at all interested in entertainment. I’m really interested in energy exchange between the viewer and the performer. One way to do that is to make an inclusive experience through style, through energy, through space.” [4] She has put on subsequent performance art pieces throughout the world, including Witness! at the Elbphilharmonie [75] , and Bridge-s at the Getty Museum [76] [77] .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p11
|
Artistry [ edit ] Music and influences [ edit ] "Dancing in the Dark" The song features a 1970s funk sound and contains a thick horn sample from Heinz Kiessling 's 1960s recording "Feeling Young". [78] [79] Problems playing this file? See media help . Knowles cites as her influences Motown girl groups such as The Supremes and The Marvelettes , and Martha Reeves , lead singer of Martha and the Vandellas . [13] She also listened to the music of English pop singer Dusty Springfield , and according to Knowles, her "greatest music influence" is her mother, Tina Knowles, who was a one-time member of the 1960s harmony group The Veltones. She is also heavily influenced by Aaliyah , who influenced A Seat at the Table . [13] Knowles says her first passion is writing songs. Her early writings were vastly inspired by the writing style of French poet Paul Verlaine. She has been doing this since she was nine years old, and has collaborated with a number of songwriters and producers. [12] On her debut album, Knowles had no control over which kinds of music to produce, because "when you're 14, everyone else is older and more seasoned and you trust their decisions". [22] Knowles was more concerned with pleasing her record label by submitting to their desires. [38]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p12
|
Her musical influences were better expressed on Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams , when she considered herself mature and was able to write and produce songs as she wished, without worrying about the expectations of others. [22] Knowles' lyrics tackle relationships, world issues, and deceased friends, [38] [80] with her second album focusing on events in her life, such as marriage, divorce, and parenthood. [38] The album touched upon a variety of genres including pop-soul , [81] psychedelic soul , [82] electronica , [83] and R&B . [84] Knowles' debut extended play True is a new wave album with Knowles stating, "This is a dance record, but the lyrics can get pretty dark at times." [55] Knowles described the EP as "eclectic with 1980s references and African percussion influences." Sonically the extended play is influenced by the keyboard sounds and beats of early 1980s pop and R&B music. [85] The EP was recorded in five cities including Santa Barbara , Los Angeles, Houston , New York, and on the German autobahn. [86] Aside from recording, Knowles occasionally paints as her hobby: "I think that painting, for me, is such an affirmative expression in that sometimes you don't know what the outcome is gonna be and each stroke and each brush for me is an emotion and, in the end, it comes out as a piece which is the most amazing thing. ... It definitely provides a different outlet." [40]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p13
|
Public image [ edit ] Knowles at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival Knowles has always been compared by the media to her sister, Beyoncé, whom she considers one of her role models. She has expressed her opinion of the comparison in the lyrics to "God Given Name": "I'm not her and never will be" [22] [87] – which was purposely set as the opening track of Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams to show their differences. [88] In his review for the album, Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone magazine referred to the lyrics as a declaration of independence. [89] In an interview with the Daily Mail , Knowles commented: "People think there should be this great rivalry between us, but there's never been any competition. There's a big age gap and we are two very different characters." [13] [38] Beyoncé was unwilling to bring her sister into the recording industry, reasoning that it "involves a lot of pressure". Knowles countered by saying, "It's good to have her advice, but we really have different goals". [22] In her sister's self-titled album, Beyoncé credits Knowles with the lyric "my sister taught me I should speak my mind", as she acknowledges the impact her family has made on her life. In recent years, Knowles has also garnered considerable attention as a fashion icon. Her knack for bold colors, mixed prints and retro styles as well as her knack for glamorous, fashion-forward looks in her music videography and public appearances has become integral to her current image. She has been photographed wearing Alexander Wang , Alexander McQueen and Chanel . The music video for her 2012 single "Losing You" featured a heavy demonstration of the contemporary sartorial movement throughout Africa, La Sape .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p14
|
Similarly, her decision to grow her natural hair initially generated strong reactions from the public. Since trimming off her straightened hair, her nostalgic and modern afro hairstyles have captured the attention of the media and the public alike. [90] In a cover interview with Toyin Ojih Odutola for Cultured Magazine, Knowles addressed her shift to minimalist fashion and the response she received from the public, “This idea that black women could not be minimalist, we could not be subtle— we have to be big, we have to be loud, we have to be an explosive presence." [91] At the 2017 Glamour Women of the Year awards, Knowles wore a yellow Jean-Paul Gaultier couture gown and was named a Woman of the Year. [92] Knowles is an activist for the Black Lives Matter movement and has openly made many statements in opposition to police brutality against African Americans. On the day of the mass shooting at the Emanuel AME church in Charleston, South Carolina, Solange released a statement posing the following questions: "Where can we be safe? Where can we be free? Where can we be black?" Knowles has stated on several occasions that as a black woman, she is "not really allowed to be mad" without enforcing racial stereotypes, however she has "a lot to be mad about". In July 2016, she took to Twitter to critique police who were present at a peaceful protest in Baton Rouge, saying "Protesters/marchers have been nothing but peaceful today in Baton Rouge. Police are here pulling out tear gas while children are around" and "Most of the march/protest speakers in Baton Rouge were all under 17 years old... We all left feeling uplifted...Yet as I walked back to my car I personally saw @BRPD pulling huge assault rifles out on peaceful protesters...."
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p15
|
Her 2016 album, A Seat at The Table , acknowledges the inequalities that black women face in America. With songs like "Mad", "Don't Touch My Hair", and "F.U.B.U", Knowles addresses stereotypes of young, black Americans, such as criminality or the fixation people have on black women's natural hair, saying she's "got the right to be mad". Other ventures [ edit ] In 2001, Knowles collaborated with Destiny's Child to sing the theme song for the Disney Channel show The Proud Family . In 2007, Knowles began promoting Baby Jamz, a hip hop -styled toy line for pre-schoolers. [34] [93] It was inspired by her son, Julez, who is fond of hip hop music. [38] She is the executive producer of the CD, composed of updated hip hop inspired nursery rhymes, which is featured in all of the toys. [34] In 2008, Knowles was named as ambassador for Giorgio Armani 's younger diffusion line, Armani Jeans. Armani said Knowles epitomizes the style, which is a "vision of a young, independent, casual lifestyle with a strong and cool, fashion sensibility". [94] Knowles has worked on the award-winning children's television show, Yo Gabba Gabba! . She performed "Momma Loves Baby" during the live performance when it toured the Dallas–Fort Worth area. She also performed "Momma Loves Baby" during a 2010 episode called "Baby". In 2011, Knowles, along with Alejandra Ramos Munoz and Zooey Deschanel , were announced as the new faces of Rimmel London . [95]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p16
|
In February 2012, Knowles became Vogue.com's "Today I'm Wearing" guest blogger, sharing a photograph of her outfits daily for a month. In 2016 Knowles became Michael Kors ' new face for his fashion works. [96] In 2017, Knowles became the face of a new Calvin Klein campaign. [97] In 2018, Knowles received the artist of the year award from the Harvard Foundation. [98] She became the face of Mercedes-Benz 's new campaign #WEWONDER [99] and Helmut Lang fashion campaign. [100] She has started a collaboration for interior design with IKEA . [101] House of Deréon [ edit ] Knowles and sister Beyoncé modeled for their family's clothing line, House of Deréon , named after their grandmother, Agnéz Deréon. She also helped launch Deréon, a junior apparel collection and a sister line to House of Deréon. [102] Both sisters modeled for Deréon, and were featured in most of Deréon's marketing campaigns. Together they were featured in a " Got Milk? " campaign ad, wearing House of Deréon. Personal life [ edit ] Knowles married Daniel Smith on February 27, 2004 when she was 17 and he was 19. [38] [103] On October 18, 2004, Knowles gave birth to their son, Daniel Julez J. Smith Jr. [104] Knowles calls her son the greatest unplanned blessing, but has partly expressed regret that she bore a child at an early age. A song she wrote for her baby, "6 O'Clock Blues", was included on Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams . [80] After Julez's birth, the family moved to Moscow, Idaho , where Knowles' husband continued studying in college. [41] In October 2007, Knowles confirmed that she and Smith had divorced in an interview with Essence magazine. They co-parent the child. [13] [38] After the divorce, Knowles and her son moved to Los Angeles. [40] In August 2013, Knowles announced that she and her son were moving to New Orleans , Louisiana.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p17
|
On May 12, 2014, TMZ released security video footage of Knowles physically assaulting brother-in-law, Jay-Z and being restrained by a security guard in an elevator at The Standard, High Line , in Manhattan, following the 2014 Met Gala . Jay-Z remained passive and did not retaliate while her sister Beyoncé, who was also present, did not react to either party throughout the altercation. [105] The footage and story went viral , but the reason for the altercation remains unknown. [106] Matthew Knowles, however, has hinted that the incident may have been faked for attention, saying: "So you sometimes have to ignite that tour. It's called a Jedi mind trick. The Jedi mind trick fools you a lot...all I know is the Jedi mind trick. Everyone's talking about it. Ticket sales went up. Solange's album sales went up 200%!" [107] The cause is rumored to be Jay-Z's infidelity, which the couple would speak about on their albums Lemonade , 4:44 , and Everything Is Love . [108] On November 16, 2014, Knowles married music video director Alan Ferguson at the Marigny Opera House in New Orleans, Louisiana. [7] [109] On November 1, 2019, Knowles revealed on her Instagram account that she and Ferguson had separated earlier that year. [110] [111] Discography [ edit ] Main article: Solange Knowles discography Solo Star (2002)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p18
|
Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams (2008) A Seat at the Table (2016) When I Get Home (2019) Tours [ edit ] Headlining Solo Star Tour (2003) The Art of Love Tour (2008) Solange Presents Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams Tour (2008) True Promo Tour (2012) Orion's Rise (2017) Supporting Simply Deeper Tour (2003) The Justified World Tour (2003-2004) Filmography [ edit ] Film [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2004 Johnson Family Vacation Nikki Johnson 2006 Bring It On: All or Nothing Camille Credited as Solange Knowles-Smith Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2001 Intimate Portrait Herself 1 episode 2002 The Proud Family Chanel Taina Rachel Taff Herself 2 episodes 2003 Soul Train 1 episode The 30th Annual American Music Awards Award show The Today Show 1 episode The Brothers Garcia 2004 One on One Charlotte 2005 Listen Up! Erika 2008 Ghost Whisperer Singer Lincoln Heights Herself 2010 Yo Gabba Gabba! 2018 Random Acts of Flyness Honors and awards [ edit ] Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Solange Knowles At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards (2017), Knowles won her first Grammy Award , for Best R&B Performance for her song " Cranes in the Sky ", the lead and only single from her debut studio album A Seat at the Table (2016), which was Knowles' first Grammy Award nomination. Knowles has also won a BET Award , a Soul Train Music Award , a Webby Award , and more. In 2017, she also won Glamour Award for Woman of the Year, and became the first winner of Billboard Women in Music Impact Award .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p19
|
See also [ edit ] Solange Knowles – Wikipedia book References [ edit ] ^ "Solange' Birthday: As Star Turns 26, A Look At Fabulous Celebrity Sisters (PHOTOS)" . The Huffington Post . June 24, 2012. ^ "Solange Biography" . The Biography Channel . Retrieved May 12, 2014 . ^ "Solange Piaget Knowles - Texas Birth Index" . FamilySearch . June 24, 1986 . Retrieved August 19, 2019 . ^ a b "Solange Knowles Is Not a Pop Star" . SURFACE . January 11, 2018 . Retrieved November 17, 2019 . ^ "Greatest of All Time Top Dance Club Artists : Page 1" . Retrieved May 23, 2017 . ^ "Solange Honored As Billboard Impact Award Winner for 2017 Women In Music" . billboard.com . ^ a b "Solange Knowles Marries Alan Ferguson" . People Magazine . Retrieved November 16, 2014 . ^ "Beyoncé Knowles' Biography" . Fox News Channel . April 15, 2008. Archived from the original on December 25, 2011 . Retrieved July 28, 2019 . ^ Smolenyak, Megan (January 12, 2012). "A Peek into Blue Ivy Carter's Past" . The Huffington Post . Retrieved January 30, 2012 . ^ Daniels, Cora; Jackson, John L. (2014). Impolite Conversations: On Race, Politics, Sex, Money, and Religion . p. 198. ISBN 9781476739113 . Retrieved June 10, 2015 . ^ "A Peek into Blue Ivy Carter's Past" . The Huffington Post . AOL . January 12, 2012 . Retrieved January 14, 2012 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p20
|
^ a b "Solange Knowles Q&A" . Cosmo Girl . August 25, 2008. Archived from the original on August 10, 2009 . Retrieved December 10, 2008 . ^ a b c d e f Thrills, Adrian (August 7, 2008). "Little sis Solange emerges from 'bootylicious' Beyoncé's shadow" . Daily Mail . London . Retrieved November 6, 2008 . ^ Manning, Kara (October 9, 2000). "Destiny's Child Has Tough Backstage Break" . MTV . Retrieved November 4, 2008 . ^ a b c Bliss, Karen (August 6, 2002). "Solange Knowles Has "Star" Power" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved January 31, 2009 . ^ Nast, Condé. "Solange Knowles Sang 'The Proud Family' Theme Song Onstage Because Nostalgia Is REAL" . Teen Vogue . Retrieved February 23, 2019 . ^ a b Moss, Corey (March 18, 2002). "Solange, Beyoncé's Lil' Sis, Says She's No Destiny's Child" . MTV . Retrieved November 4, 2008 . ^ Corey, Moss (August 23, 2002). "Kelly Rowland Moves Into 'Leave It To Beaver' House" . MTV . Retrieved November 4, 2008 . ^ D'Angelo, Joe (November 4, 2002). "Ashanti, Keys, Solange 'Proud' Participants in Animated Series" . MTV . Retrieved February 3, 2009 . ^ Moss, Corey (June 26, 2003). "Destiny's Child May Get A New Member Next Year" . MTV . Retrieved November 4, 2008 . ^ a b Corey, Moss (August 25, 2003). "Destiny's Child To Remain A Trio, Says Beyoncé" . MTV . Retrieved November 4, 2008 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p21
|
^ a b c d e Ramaswamy, Chitra (November 2, 2008). "Solange Knowles interview – Soul sister" . Scotland on Sunday . Retrieved November 3, 2008 . ^ Wiederhorn, Jon (November 6, 2002). "Solange 'Feeling' It With Beyoncé, N.O.R.E., Others" . MTV . Retrieved November 4, 2008 . ^ "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales" . Billboard . Nielsen Business Media . January 25, 2003 . Retrieved July 21, 2008 . ^ "Billboard – Maxi Single Sales" . Nielsen Business Media, Inc. January 11, 2003 . Retrieved November 7, 2016 . ^ "The Billboard 200: Solo Star" . Billboard . Nielsen Business Media. February 2008. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014 . Retrieved November 4, 2008 . ^ a b c Concepcion, Mariel (May 16, 2008). "Solange Not Out To Top Sister Beyoncé On New Album" . Billboard . Nielsen Business Media . Retrieved July 21, 2008 . ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Solo Star: Solange Knowles" . AllMusic . Retrieved January 31, 2009 . ^ Lowry, Brian (April 7, 2004). "Johnson Family Vacation" . Variety . Retrieved February 3, 2009 . ^ "Bring It On: All or Nothing (2006)" . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved February 3, 2009 . ^ Cornelius, David (August 10, 2006). "Bring It On: All or Nothing" . Efilmcritic.com . Retrieved February 3, 2009 . ^ "Bring It On: All Or Nothing" . ABC Family . Archived from the original on August 22, 2008 . Retrieved January 1, 2009 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p22
|
^ a b "Breaking: Solange" . Rolling Stone . September 23, 2008 . Retrieved January 31, 2009 . ^ a b c "Solange Knowles Signs a Worldwide Co-Publishing Deal With EMI Music Publishing" . August 20, 2007. ^ "Solange Knowles Enjoys the #1 Spot Again" . PR Newswire . Reuters . July 22, 2008. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009 . Retrieved November 5, 2008 . ^ Kay, Ray (Director) (2005). Soldier (Music video). United States: Sony BMG . ^ Crosley, Hillary (December 11, 2007). "Solange Knowles Inks With Geffen" . Billboard . Nielsen Business Media . Retrieved November 6, 2008 . ^ a b c d e f g h Edwards, Jeanine. "Solange Knowles Flying Solo" . Essence . Retrieved November 3, 2008 . ^ Arthur, Sylvia (July 1, 2008). "Destiny's Child: Solange Comes of Age" . Clutch . Archived from the original on December 25, 2010 . Retrieved November 6, 2008 . ^ a b c Barker, Lynn (May 14, 2008). "Solange Knowles: She's "Decided"!" . Teen Hollywood. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018 . Retrieved February 1, 2009 . ^ a b Kennedy, Mark (September 3, 2008). "Solange Knowles, little sister to Beyonce, channels her inner soul with her sophomore CD" . WXIN-TV . Archived from the original on September 19, 2018 . Retrieved February 1, 2009 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p23
|
^ a b Caulfield, Kieth. "Ask Billboard: Sol-Angel doesn't get wings" . Billboard . Nielsen Business Media. Archived from the original on September 24, 2013 . Retrieved January 31, 2009 . ^ " Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams by Solange" . Metacritic . Retrieved August 16, 2008 . ^ Gittins, Ian (November 10, 2008). "Solange" . The Guardian . London . Retrieved January 31, 2009 . ^ "On the Breaking Blog: Solange" . Rolling Stone . September 24, 2008. Archived from the original on September 27, 2008 . Retrieved January 31, 2009 . ^ "Solange Announces UK Dates" . Polydor Records . October 3, 2008. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012 . Retrieved November 9, 2008 . ^ "Awwwwwhhhh Dammmmnnn..." Solangel.typepad.com. August 1, 2008 . Retrieved November 3, 2008 . ^ Vena, Jocelyn (April 15, 2009). "Will New Solange Album Have A Duet With Sister Beyoncé?" . MTV . Retrieved April 17, 2009 . ^ "Solange Exits Interscope Records" . Rap-Up.com. October 31, 2009 . Retrieved December 2, 2009 . ^ Solange At Work on 2010 Album Archived July 14, 2012, at Archive.today Singersroom Celebs – Retrieved June 16, 2010 ^ Solange Readies Next Album The Young, Black & Fabulous – Retrieved June 16, 2010 ^ Solange Knowles Does Yo Gabba Gabba' for Mothers Day Archived June 4, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Entertainment News – Retrieved June 16, 2010
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p24
|
^ Solange Knowles "Yo Gabba Gabba" Guest Appearance May 7 Archived July 12, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved June 16, 2010 ^ Solange on Yo Gabba Gabba for Mothers Day Archived May 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved June 16, 2010 ^ a b Murphy, Keith (July 7, 2010). "A Long Convo With... Solange" . Vibe . Retrieved July 7, 2010 . ^ "solange-k.net" . Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. ^ "Solange Previews 'True' EP at New York Listening Party" . Rap-Up.com. October 25, 2012 . Retrieved May 14, 2014 . ^ "Solange: Rise and Shine" . ^ Nessif, Bruna (May 14, 2013). "Solange Knowles Launches New Record Label, Releases Latest Track Featuring Kendrick Lamar" . eonline.com . Retrieved May 14, 2013 . ^ "Solange Unveils New Song "Rise," Inspired By Ferguson & Baltimore: Watch" . Music News, Reviews, and Gossip on Idolator.com . May 15, 2015. ^ "Solange's New Album is Completed" . Fuse.tv . June 24, 2016 . Retrieved June 25, 2016 . ^ Mary J. DiMeglio, "Solange Drops New Album, 'A Seat at the Table': Listen," Billboard , September 30, 2016. ^ "Beyonce and Solange Knowles Become First Sisters to Land No. 1 Albums" . Etonline.com . Retrieved October 12, 2016 . ^ "Solange Leads The Proud Family Sing-Along and Kicks It to 2001" . June 5, 2017.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p25
|
^ Digital, Pretty Good. "Glastonbury Festival - 2017" . Glastonbury Festival - 21st-25th June, 2017 . Retrieved January 7, 2019 . ^ "Sza Ctrl Shares New Solange Directed Video For The Weekend" . ^ Monroe, Jazz. "Solange's New Album Coming This Fall" . Pitch Fork . Retrieved October 15, 2018 . ^ "Coachella 2019 – Line Up, Dates, Headliner And More… Ariana Grande, Childish Gambino Confirmed" . Capital . Retrieved January 7, 2019 . ^ Nast, Condé. "Solange Cancels Coachella 2019 Set" . Pitchfork . Retrieved April 8, 2019 . ^ "Bonnaroo 2019 Lineup Announced: Childish Gambino, Solange, Phish, Cardi B, More" . Pitchfork . Retrieved February 7, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B, Solange and The Streets announced for Parklife Festival 2019" . January 30, 2019 . Retrieved February 23, 2019 . ^ "Lovebox 2019 Sets Solange, Chance the Rapper & BROCKHAMPTON" . Highsnobiety . February 12, 2019 . Retrieved February 23, 2019 . ^ "Solange Releases New Album When I Get Home: Listen" . Pitchfork . Retrieved March 1, 2019 . ^ Hubbard, Shanita (February 28, 2019). "Solange Teased Her New Album on the Social Network Black Planet, and It Means Everything" . ELLE . Retrieved March 1, 2019 . ^ "Solange Announces "Witness!" Performance Piece" . Pitchfork . Retrieved November 17, 2019 . ^ "Solange brings her new performance art to the Getty this weekend. Here's a sneak peek" . Los Angeles Times . November 15, 2019 . Retrieved November 17, 2019 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p26
|
^ "Bridge-s | Getty360 Calendar" . The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles . Retrieved November 17, 2019 . ^ ILIKEIT (August 31, 2008). Music Review – Solange Knowles: Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams Archived September 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Singersroom. Retrieved on 2011-07-05. ^ Godfrey, Sarah (September 13, 2008). Sloppy Seconds: The Game and Solange have a hard time avoiding the shadow of bigger names . Washington City Paper . Retrieved on 2011-07-05. ^ a b "Beyoncé's little sister Solange manages motherhood, music and a divorce" . Sister 2 Sister . May 2008. Archived from the original on August 5, 2008 . Retrieved December 11, 2008 . ^ Kellman, Andy. Review: Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams . AllMusic . Retrieved on 2009-07-22. ^ Wood, Mikael (August 28, 2008). "No little-sister act for Solange Knowles" . Los Angeles . Retrieved November 18, 2012 . ^ Cinquemani, Sal. Review: Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams Archived February 1, 2014, at the Wayback Machine . Slant Magazine . Retrieved on 2009-07-22. ^ Sullivan, Caroline. Review: Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams . The Guardian . Retrieved on 2009-07-22. ^ "Music – Review of Solange Knowles – True" . BBC. January 1, 1970 . Retrieved May 14, 2014 . ^ "Solange Knowles New Album True – Solange Knowles Interview About Music" . Elle . April 3, 2014 . Retrieved May 14, 2014 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p27
|
^ Murphy, Keith (October 29, 2008). "VOLUME NOW: Solange Knowles" . Vibe . Archived from the original on December 23, 2008 . Retrieved December 11, 2008 . ^ "Solange Steps Out on Sophomore Solo Disc" . Billboard . Nielsen Business Media. September 5, 2008. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013 . Retrieved January 31, 2009 . ^ Rosen, Jody (September 4, 2008). "Solange Knowles: Sol-Angel & The Hadley St. Dreams" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved January 31, 2009 . ^ Lau, Kristie (June 12, 2012). "Solange Knowles proudly defends her afro after critics call her natural hair 'unkempt' and 'dry as heck' | Mail Online" . Dailymail.co.uk . Retrieved June 4, 2014 . ^ "Solange Knowles and Toyin Ojih Odutola Talk Sound, Art and Architecture" . Cultured Magazine . February 19, 2018 . Retrieved March 8, 2019 . ^ Rachel Hahn (November 15, 2017). "Only Solange Could Pull Off This Bright Yellow Jean Paul Gaultier Gown" . www.vogue.com . Retrieved November 14, 2017 . ^ Smith, Olivia (June 17, 2008). "Sister act: Solange Knowles, Beyonce's younger sibling, comes into her own" . New York Daily News . Retrieved December 11, 2008 . ^ Barnett, Leisa (July 31, 2008). "Armani Says Solange" . Vogue . Archived from the original on August 28, 2008 . Retrieved February 1, 2009 . ^ "Solange Knowles" . Rimmel London. Archived from the original on November 28, 2011 . Retrieved November 25, 2011 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p28
|
^ "michael/kors solange – Google Search" . www.google.it . Retrieved March 12, 2017 . ^ "Solange Basically Casts Her Own Calvin Klein Campaign" . ^ "Solange visits as Harvard Foundation's artist of year" . March 5, 2018 . Retrieved May 4, 2018 . ^ "MERCEDES-BENZ WITH SOLANGE" . essentialhommemag.com. February 12, 2018 . Retrieved August 9, 2018 . ^ "Kanye West, Solange, and More Helmut Lang Collectors Star in the Label's New Project" . vogue.com. January 4, 2018 . Retrieved August 9, 2018 . ^ "Swede dreams: what to expect from Solange's Saint Heron collaboration with Ikea" . theguardian.com . July 6, 2018 . Retrieved August 9, 2018 . ^ "Beyoncé launches her clothing line in Toronto" . CTV News . August 16, 2007 . Retrieved April 5, 2008 . ^ "Crazy in Love" . People . March 22, 2004. ^ Grossman, Wendy; Peterson, Todd (October 26, 2004). "Solange Knowles Gives Birth to a Boy" . People . Time . Retrieved December 6, 2008 . ^ "Jay Z Attacked By Solange Knowles – Beyonce's Sister's Physical Attack" . TMZ.com . Retrieved May 14, 2014 . ^ Kennedy, John (May 12, 2014). "Beyonce's sister Solange attacks Jay Z in elevator" . Global News . Retrieved May 12, 2014 . "Beyonce's sister Solange allegedly filmed attacking Jay Z in lift – watch" . NME . May 12, 2014 . Retrieved May 12, 2014 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p29
|
"Solange Knowles kicks, punches, claws Jay Z in elevator video at Met Gala after-party" . NY Daily News . Retrieved May 14, 2014 . ^ Design&Trend (August 28, 2014). "Matthew Knowles Hints That Jay Z And Beyonce Fake'd The 'Solange Gate' Elevator Incident To Sale 'On The Run' Tour Tickets" . Archived from the original on March 26, 2017 . Retrieved May 23, 2017 . ^ Pomarico, Nicole. "How Beyonce's 'Lemonade' Changes The Way We Look at the 2014 Met Gala Elevator Incident" . Retrieved May 23, 2017 . ^ Ethan, Sacks. "Solange Knowles marries longtime boyfriend Alan Ferguson in New Orleans wedding" . New York Daily News . Retrieved November 17, 2014 . ^ "@saintrecords on Instagram: "the past 2 years have brought me more physical and spiritual transition and evolution than ever before my body left me with no choice but… " " . Instagram . Retrieved November 1, 2019 . ^ Kelly, Keyaira (November 1, 2019). "Solange Confirms Her Separation From Alan Ferguson After Months Of Speculation: "Early This Year We Separated And Parted Ways " " . MadameNoire . Retrieved November 1, 2019 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solange Knowles . Official website Solange Knowles on IMDb v t e Solange Knowles Discography Studio albums Solo Star Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p30
|
A Seat at the Table When I Get Home Extended plays True Singles " Feelin' You (Part II) " " Crush " " True Love " " Freedom " " I Decided " " Sandcastle Disco " " T.O.N.Y. " " Fuck the Industry " " Losing You " " Cranes in the Sky " Featured singles " Flying Overseas " " When the Night Falls " " Electric Lady " Other songs " Don't Touch My Hair " " Almeda " Related articles House of Deréon Mathew Knowles (father) Tina Knowles (mother) Beyoncé Knowles (sister) Destiny's Child Saint Heron Book:Solange Knowles v t e Beyoncé Awards and nominations Discography Songs Performances Videography Listography Studio albums Dangerously in Love B'Day I Am... Sasha Fierce 4 Beyoncé Lemonade Collaborative albums Everything Is Love (with Jay-Z as The Carters ) Soundtrack albums The Lion King: The Gift EPs True Star: A Private Performance Irreemplazable Above and Beyoncé: Dance Mixes Heat 4: The Remix More Only Compilations Beyoncé: Platinum Edition Live and video releases Live at Wembley The Ultimate Performer B'Day Anthology Video Album The Beyoncé Experience Live Above and Beyoncé: Video Collection I Am... Yours: An Intimate Performance at Wynn Las Vegas I Am... World Tour Live at Roseland: Elements of 4 Live in Atlantic City Live Homecoming: The Live Album Concert tours
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p31
|
Dangerously in Love Tour Verizon Ladies First Tour The Beyoncé Experience I Am... World Tour The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour On the Run Tour The Formation World Tour On the Run II Tour Concerts and residencies I Am... Yours 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live Beyoncé 2018 Coachella performance Television Super Bowl XLVII halftime show Life Is But a Dream On the Run Tour: Beyoncé and Jay-Z Super Bowl 50 halftime show Lemonade Homecoming Retail House of Deréon Heat Heat Rush Pulse Rise Tidal Ivy Park Related soundtracks Dreamgirls soundtrack Cadillac Records soundtrack The Lion King soundtrack Related topics Parkwood Entertainment Destiny's Child Jay-Z (husband) Mathew Knowles (father) Tina Knowles (mother) Solange Knowles (sister) Frank Gatson Jr. Ashley Everett Bibi McGill True Star Let's Move! Flash Workout Scaptia beyonceae EveryBODYisflawless Book Category v t e Roc Nation Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter Subsidiaries Roc Nation Sports Partners Live Nation Universal Music Group Related articles Roc Nation albums discography Roc Nation singles discography Category:Roc Nation Authority control BNE : XX4739712 BNF : cb155235994 (data) GND : 135330076 ISNI : 0000 0001 1614 4576 LCCN : no2002063832 MusicBrainz : 410e7fd3-b865-4fa0-bb18-1b7fd53382ca NLA : 42351502 NLI : 004977261 NTA : 069674205 RERO : 02-A026898281 Trove : 1457648 VIAF : 29839991 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 29839991 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1271 Cached time: 20191124160149
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p32
|
Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 1.628 seconds Real time usage: 2.017 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7265/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 257491/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11663/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/40 Expensive parser function count: 16/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 313243/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 0.892/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7.68 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1743.759 1 -total 52.22% 910.558 1 Template:Reflist 28.75% 501.251 67 Template:Cite_web 13.02% 227.043 2 Template:Infobox 12.61% 219.873 1 Template:Infobox_person 11.86% 206.739 29 Template:Cite_news 7.77% 135.478 1 Template:Official_website 3.98% 69.373 1 Template:Good_article 3.89% 67.842 8 Template:Main_other 3.59% 62.621 1 Template:Top_icon Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:543892-0!canonical and timestamp 20191124160147 and revision id 927757070 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solange_Knowles&oldid=927757070 " Categories : Solange Knowles 1986 births 21st-century American women singers Actresses from Houston African-American female singers African-American actresses African-American businesspeople African-American choreographers American choreographers African-American fashion designers American fashion designers African-American female dancers African-American female models American female models African-American female singer-songwriters African-American singer-songwriters African-American songwriters American female singer-songwriters African-American record producers American bloggers American businesspeople in retailing American contemporary R&B singers American cosmetics businesspeople American fashion businesspeople American female dancers American film actresses American funk singers American hip hop record producers American hip hop singers American music video directors American people of Acadian descent American people of Creole descent American people of French descent American people of Irish descent American people who self-identify as being of Native American descent American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters American soul singers American toy industry businesspeople American women in business Beyoncé Businesspeople from Texas Columbia Records artists Destiny's Child Geffen Records artists Interscope Records artists Living people Louisiana Creole people Music video codirectors Musicians from Houston Neo soul singers Roc Nation artists Singers from Texas Songwriters from Texas Sony BMG artists Women in hip hop music Record producers from Texas Record producers from Louisiana American women bloggers 21st-century American singers American women record producers Women hip hop record producers American women in electronic music Hidden categories: Webarchive template archiveis links Webarchive template wayback links Good articles Use mdy dates from June 2017 Articles with hCards Infobox person using residence All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018 Articles with hAudio microformats Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with RERO identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126173317id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Knowles_p33
|
Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية Asturianu تۆرکجه Bislama Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Shqip Simple English Suomi Svenska Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 24 November 2019, at 16:01 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Statistics Cookie statement Mobile view
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p0
|
Something to Write Home About - Wikipedia CentralNotice Something to Write Home About From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For the Craig Morgan song, see Craig Morgan (album) . 1999 studio album by The Get Up Kids Something to Write Home About Studio album by The Get Up Kids Released September 28, 1999 Recorded June–July 1999 Studio Mad Hatter Studios, Silverlake, California , U.S. Genre Emo , [1] pop punk [1] [2] Length 45 : 26 Label Vagrant Producer The Get Up Kids Chad Blinman Alex Brahl The Get Up Kids chronology Red Letter Day (1999) Something to Write Home About (1999) Split with The Anniversary (1999) Singles from Something to Write Home About " Action & Action " Released: March 24, 2000 Something to Write Home About is the second studio album by American rock band The Get Up Kids , released on September 28, 1999. The album was produced by The Get Up Kids themselves, with co-producers Chad Blinman and Alex Brahl. Blinman also recorded and mixed the album, with Brahl assisting with additional engineering. The album was a financial success, peaking at #31 on Billboards Heatseekers 200 albums chart in North America, and gathered a great amount of critical acclaim. Something to Write Home About is the first Get Up Kids album to include James Dewees playing keyboards.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p1
|
After The Get Up Kids' previous album, Four Minute Mile brought major label offers, the band decided to stick with an indie label and sign with Vagrant Records for their next album after a short and unproductive time with Mojo Records . Something to Write Home About brought the band an increasing fan base, as their sound became slightly more radio-oriented, with more melodic choruses and hooks. Contents 1 Background 2 Recording and composition 3 Release and promotion 4 Reception and legacy 4.1 Legacy and accolades 5 Track listing 6 Personnel 7 Charts 8 References Background [ edit ] With the release of the Woodson EP, the Get Up Kids signed a two-album recording contract with independent label Doghouse Records . [3] In June 1997, the group went on a US tour, on which they became friends with Coalesce . [4] Shortly afterwards, their drummer James Dewees moved in with the Get Up Kids' bassist Rob Pope and his brother drummer Ryan Pope ; when the Get Up Kids went on tour Dewees would look after the apartment. [5] The group released their debut album Four Minute Mile in September. [6] It was supported by American and European tours between September and May 1998. Following this, the group went on a break and spent the next few months writing material for their next record. [4] Four Minute Mile would later go to sell over 40,000 copies, which attracted attention from various labels. [7] The band, who wanted to leave Doghouse, began discussions with other labels, such as Geffen Records , Vagrant Records and Mojo Records . [8]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p2
|
The group was hesitant to go with Vagrant as they thought it would be the same experience as being on Doghouse, and wanted to be on a bigger label. [9] The group decided to go with Mojo, due to them being a major but also as they were small in size, while partnering with a management company at Vagrant. [10] Starting from December, the group wrote a batch of new material as they were waiting for their deal with Mojo to be finalized. [4] The Pope brothers' apartment had a piano that Dewees would often play; while the group were practising a song at the apartment, Dewees showed them a vocal harmony and piano part he had come up with. [11] The group had wanted to get a keyboardist; [12] with Coalesce having gone on hiatus during this period, Dewees joined the Get Up Kids as their keyboard player. [4] By April, tired that the negotiations with Mojo Records had taken too long and came to a halt, the band felt it wasn't the right time to be signing with a major. [4] Vocalist/guitarist Matthew Pryor later revealed that the label's founder Jay Rifkin wanted to treat the band as a new act, own the rights to their music publishing, in addition to being unwilling to buy the band out of their contract with Doghouse. [13] To get out of their Doghouse contract, the band recorded the Red Letter Day EP, handed over a substantial amount of money [14] and forfeited the vinyl rights to their following album. [15] That same month, they formed their own record label Heroes & Villains Records; the label signed a deal with Vagrant Records [4] that gave them other acts signed to Heroes & Villains, which included the members' solo projects. [16] At the time, Vagrant was searching for a flagship band on which they could expand their business with. [7]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p3
|
Recording and composition [ edit ] In June 1999, the band travelled from Kansas City, Missouri to Los Angeles, California to record their next album. [4] Before the group could start, Vagrant Records' co-owner Jon Cohen had to borrow money from his parents, who mortgaged their house in order to fund the sessions. [17] The album was recorded over the course of six weeks [7] in June and July [18] with Chad Blinman at Mad Hatter Studios in Silverlake, California . The band would spend the daytime at the studio and spend the nights at a friend's house. [19] The band produced the record themselves, with co-producers Chad Blinman - who mixed the album - and Alex Brahl, who did additional engineering on the album and would later go onto co-found Curb Appeal Records with The Get Up Kids guitarist Jim Suptic and Almon Duffy. Several of the songs included were re-recorded from past releases: "Red Letter Day" from the Red Letter Day EP, " Ten Minutes " on a 7" vinyl for the Sub Pop Singles Club and "I'm a Loner Dottie, a Rebel" for a split with Braid . [20] When making the album, the band listened to Wilco 's Summerteeth (1999) and Jimmy Eat World 's Clarity (1999). Pryor wanted the guitars to have a big sound to them, similar to those heard on the Foo Fighters ' The Colour and the Shape (1997). While the group had toyed with keyboards on Four Minute Mile , they incorporated more of it with the inclusion of Dewees into the band. According to Pryor, they had been listening to Weezer a lot and wanted more synthesizer parts, with Dewees being "such a talented piano player, he just sort of upped the ante." [17] Drummer Ryan Pope compared his drumming on the album to that of Charlie Watts and Jim Keltner , stating that it was more "important to maybe make some sacrifices for the tune instead of pounding away and thinking of yourself as an individual player." [21] Pryor would later remark that he wished the songs were tuned a half-step or a whole step down as he was yelling at the top of his vocal range throughout the album. [19] The album's title was suggested by Suptic. [19] "Red Letter Day" is about Doghouse Records founder Dirk Hemsath. [22] The title of "I'm a Loner Dottie, a Rebel" is a quote from Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985). [7]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p4
|
Release and promotion [ edit ] In August and September 1999, the group went on a European tour; the tour was planned to last a month, however, the group only got to play six shows over eight days. [23] Following this, the band appeared at the CMJ MusicFest . [24] Something to Write Home About was released on September 28 through Vagrant and Heroes & Villains Records. The vinyl version was released through Doghouse Records. The Japanese version included "Forgive and Forget" and a cover of " Regret " by New Order as bonus tracks, while the European version featured included a re-recorded version of "Forgive and Forget" and "Central Standard Time" (taken from a split with the Anniversary ). [18] A music video was released for "Action & Action" through music retailer Insound . [25] In October and November, the group went on a US tour with At the Drive-In . [26] In February 2000, the group played a one-off show in Kansas before embarking on a Japanese tour. [27] Following this, the band went on a tour of Australia with Jebediah in March and April. [27] The album was released through Epitaph Europe in Europe on March 13. [28] " Action & Action " was released as a single on March 24 in Europe [29] with a demo of "I'm a Loner Dottie, I'm a Rebel" and a cover of The Cure 's " Close to Me " as the B-sides. [18] The group went on a European tour in May and June [30] with the Anniversary. [31] In September and October, the band went on a headlining US tour with support from the Anniversary, Koufax [32] and Jebediah. [33] It was sponsored by the peer-to-peer file sharing network Napster , who had helped people discover the band and other Vagrant Records' acts. [32] In January 2001, the group supported Green Day on their US tour, before supporting Weezer in February and March. [34]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p5
|
Reception and legacy [ edit ] Professional ratings Review scores Source Rating AllMusic [35] Drowned in Sound 9/10 [36] Melody Maker [37] MTV Favorable [38] NME 7/10 [39] Pitchfork 2.0/10 [40] PopMatters 8/10 [41] Record Collector [42] The Rolling Stone Album Guide [43] Spin 6/10 [44] Something to Write Home About charted at number 31 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart. [45] By the end of 2000, it had sold over 100,000 copies. [7] In 2015, it charted at number 16 on the Vinyl Albums chart. [46] Legacy and accolades [ edit ] In 2008, Pryor said that the group was in discussions with Vagrant Records to re-release the album as a 10th anniversary package, including a DVD and photo booklet. [47] In February 2009, Doghouse Records re-pressed the album on vinyl. [48] The 10th anniversary edition was released on September 8, which included a DVD with a recording of their first show in a few years [49] and a documentary on the making of the album. [50] In addition, it included 7 downloadable demo recordings from the sessions. [51] The album appeared on best-of lists for the emo and pop punk genres. [52] [53] [54] In 2014, as part of 10-year celebrations for Riot Fest , the band performed the album in its entirety. [55] In 2015, Rock Sound included it in their 101 Modern Classics list at number 97. [56] They later ranked it at number 102 on the list of best albums in their lifetime. [57]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p6
|
Track listing [ edit ] All tracks written by The Get Up Kids . No. Title Length 1. "Holiday" 3:29 2. " Action & Action " 4:05 3. "Valentine" 4:19 4. "Red Letter Day" 2:56 5. "Out of Reach" 3:46 6. " Ten Minutes " 3:12 7. "The Company Dime" 4:06 8. "My Apology" 3:24 9. "I'm a Loner Dottie, a Rebel" 3:08 10. "Long Goodnight" 4:48 11. "Close to Home" 3:50 12. "I'll Catch You" 4:22 Japanese bonus tracks No. Title Length 13. "Forgive and Forget" 3:24 14. " Regret " ( New Order cover) 5:00 European bonus tracks No. Title Length 13. "Forgive and Forget" 3:24 14. "Central Standard Time" 3:22 Personnel [ edit ] Band Matthew Pryor - Guitar, vocals Jim Suptic - Guitar, vocals James Dewees - Keyboards, vocals Rob Pope - Bass Ryan Pope - Drums Production Alex Brahl - Producer, assistant engineer Chad Blinman - Producer, mixing, recording Dale Lawton - Assistant Ramon Breton - Mastering Rich Egan - Management Design Travis Millard - Artwork Sam Spencer - Design, layout DVD footage Michael Dubin - Archive footage, photos Adam Rothelin - Producer, director, editor Charts [ edit ] Original release Charts (1999) Peak position US Heatseekers Albums ( Billboard ) [45] 31 Reissue Charts (2015) Peak position US Vinyl Albums ( Billboard ) [46] 16
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p7
|
References [ edit ] Citations ^ a b Woodbury, Jason P. (September 24, 2009). "The Get Up Kids Really Were Worth Writing Home About" . Phoenix New Times . Archived from the original on January 20, 2015 . Retrieved February 19, 2019 . ^ "Did The Get Up Kids Really Invent Emo?" . NME . July 29, 2009. Archived from the original on August 22, 2017 . Retrieved February 19, 2019 . ^ Shea 2009, event occurs at 2:48–55 ^ a b c d e f g "History" . The Get Up Kids. Archived from the original on November 28, 1999 . Retrieved February 13, 2019 . ^ Shea 2009, event occurs at 1:19:03–4, 1:19:31–5 ^ Butler, Blake. "Four Minute Mile - The Get Up Kids | Songs, Reviews, Credits" . AllMusic . Archived from the original on February 15, 2019 . Retrieved February 15, 2019 . ^ a b c d e Harkness, Geoff (December 28, 2000). "Something to write home about" . Lawrence . Archived from the original on August 10, 2016 . Retrieved February 24, 2019 . ^ Shea 2009, event occurs at 1:26:40–47, 1:28:10–2, 1:28:14–5 ^ Shea 2009, event occurs at 1:28:48–54 ^ Shea 2009, event occurs at 1:28:14–8, 1:28:55–29:01 ^ Shea 2009, event occurs at 1:19:39–42, 1:21:00–8 ^ Shea 2009, event occurs at 1:21:29–31 ^ Shea 2009, event occurs at 1:28:16–34, 1:30:01–7
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p8
|
^ Shea 2009, event occurs at 1:31:12–6, 1:31:25–6 ^ Magid, Morgan (December 2, 2015). "An Interview with The Get Up Kids: Still Finding Something To Write Home About" . The Aquarian Weekly . Archived from the original on February 25, 2019 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ Shea 2009, event occurs at 1:32:6–14 ^ a b Woodbury, Jason P. (September 14, 2009). "Q&A: Get Up Kids' Matt Pryor Talks Jumping Around, Playing Pop Music and the Emo Handbook" . Phoenix New Times . Archived from the original on February 25, 2019 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ a b c "Discography" . The Get Up Kids. Archived from the original on May 11, 2000 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ a b c Niccum, Jon (September 4, 2009). "Something to write home about: Get Up Kids celebrate 10-year anniversary reissue of pivotal record" . Lawrence . Archived from the original on February 25, 2019 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ Heisel; Simpson 2016, event occurs at 50:59–51:01, 52:22–30 ^ DeRogatis, Jim (May 12, 2004). "Ryan Pope: Gettin' Down With The Get Up Kids" . Modern Drummer . Archived from the original on March 17, 2012 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ Heisel, Scott (January 15, 2014). "10 Essential songs about hating the music industry" . Alternative Press . Archived from the original on January 20, 2014 . Retrieved February 24, 2019 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p9
|
^ "News" . The Get Up Kids. Archived from the original on February 4, 2000 . Retrieved February 26, 2019 . ^ MTV Staff (July 29, 1999). "Tricky, Biohazard, Roni Size On Tap For CMJ" . MTV. Archived from the original on February 24, 2019 . Retrieved February 24, 2019 . ^ "Audio/Video" . The Get Up Kids. Archived from the original on June 22, 2000 . Retrieved February 26, 2019 . ^ MTV Staff (October 21, 1999). "At the Drive-In, Ratdog ..." MTV. Archived from the original on February 24, 2019 . Retrieved February 24, 2019 . ^ a b "Tourdates" . The Get Up Kids. Archived from the original on February 26, 2000 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ "Get Up Kids - Something To Write Home About" . Epitaph Records. Archived from the original on March 25, 2008 . Retrieved February 19, 2019 . ^ "Get Up Kids - Action and Action" . Epitaph Records. Archived from the original on May 11, 2000 . Retrieved February 19, 2019 . ^ "The Get Up Kids Tourdates" . Epitaph Records. Archived from the original on May 11, 2000 . Retrieved February 19, 2019 . ^ "Tourdates" . The Get Up Kids. Archived from the original on June 11, 2000 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ a b Comerford, Will (August 14, 2000). "Napster Sponsoring Face To Face, Get Up Kids Tours" . MTV. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019 . Retrieved February 24, 2019 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p10
|
^ "Tourdates" . Heroes & Villains Records. Archived from the original on October 4, 2000 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ "News" . The Get Up Kids. Archived from the original on November 9, 2001 . Retrieved February 26, 2019 . ^ Johnson, Zac. "Something to Write Home About – The Get Up Kids" . AllMusic . Archived from the original on June 3, 2012 . Retrieved September 30, 2009 . ^ Skinner, James (September 17, 2009). "Album Review: The Get Up Kids – Something To Write Home About (Tenth Anniversary Edition)" . Drowned in Sound . Archived from the original on September 22, 2009 . Retrieved September 30, 2009 . ^ Melody Maker 2000, p. 48 ^ McLeod, Kembrew (December 29, 1999). "Pretty Punk-Pop" . MTV. Archived from the original on February 15, 2019 . Retrieved February 14, 2019 . ^ Chick, Stevie (February 26, 2000). "The Get Up Kids – Something To Write Home About" . NME . Archived from the original on April 10, 2000 . Retrieved October 27, 2017 . ^ DiCrescenzo, Brent (September 21, 1999). "The Get Up Kids: Something to Write Home About" . Pitchfork . Archived from the original on September 26, 2009 . Retrieved September 30, 2009 . ^ Browning, Rob (January 3, 2010). "The Get Up Kids: Something to Write Home About" . PopMatters . Archived from the original on October 27, 2017 . Retrieved October 27, 2017 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p11
|
^ Record Collector 1999, p. 95 ^ Soults 2004, p. 330 ^ Beaujon 1999, p. 220 ^ a b "The Get Up Kids Chart History (Heatseekers Albums)" . Billboard . Retrieved February 19, 2019. ^ a b "The Get Up Kids Chart History (Vinyl Albums)" . Billboard . Retrieved February 19, 2019. ^ "Get Up Kids Reunion: Sunday Night" . Back to Rockville . 2008-11-14. Archived from the original on 2011-08-16 . Retrieved 2008-11-13 . ^ Paul, Aubin (January 15, 2009). "Get Up Kids' "Something to Write Home About" vinyl reissue planned" . Punknews.org . Archived from the original on February 25, 2019 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ Young, Alex (August 19, 2009). "The Get Up Kids prep deluxe reissue of Something To Write Home About" . Consequence of Sound . Archived from the original on February 20, 2019 . Retrieved February 19, 2019 . ^ Slater, Luke (June 10, 2009). "The Get Up Kids announce European tour extravaganza!" . Drowned in Sound . Archived from the original on February 20, 2019 . Retrieved February 19, 2019 . ^ Paul, Aubin (September 4, 2009). "Get Up Kids premiere new live DVD online" . Punknews.org . Archived from the original on February 25, 2019 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ Kohn, Daniel (October 10, 2013). "Top 20 Emo Albums in History: Complete List" . LA Weekly . Archived from the original on February 25, 2019 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 .
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.