Split (1)

train · 59.5k rows

query_id stringlengths 32 32	query stringlengths 6 3.9k	positive_passages listlengths 1 21	negative_passages listlengths 10 100	subset stringclasses 7 values
1ec0dd0b48afce8ff54444d343b0a92d	Hisense only used the brand name of a former Chinese firm.	[ { "docid": "810166a0e387a884db9188aa8d66f5b9", "text": "Hisense Hisense Co. , Ltd. . is a Chinese multinational white goods and electronics manufacturer headquartered in Qingdao , Shandong province , China . It is a state-owned enterprise with publicly traded subsidiaries . Hisense has two publicly traded companies , Hisense Electric Co Ltd , which is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Hisense Kelon Electrical Holdings Co Ltd , which is listed on the Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock exchanges and a number of other subsidiaries . Hisense has 13 manufacturing facilities in China ( located in the provinces/cities of : Guangdong , Guizhou , Huzhou , Jiangsu , Liaoning , Linyi , Shandong , Sichuan , Yangzhou , Yingkou , Xinjiang , Zibo and the municipality of Beijing ) and several outside of China , namely in Hungary , South Africa , Egypt , Algeria , France and Mexico . Hisense retails products under several brand names . These include Combine , Kelon and Ronshen , etc. . Hisense is also an OEM , so some of the products it makes are sold to other manufacturers and carry a brand name not related to Hisense . In 2015 it acquired the right to sell televisions in the Americas using the brand name of former Japanese firm Sharp . It also makes televisions under its own name as of 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "86c748b690ed4866a1bebd92a0a34bfa", "text": "Alcatel (mobile device brand) Alcatel ( previously Alcatel OneTouch ) is a brand of mobile handsets used under license by Chinese electronics company TCL Corporation . The Alcatel brand was licensed by Alcatel-Lucent to TCL for mobile phones and devices and this license expires at the end of 2024 . When Nokia acquired the assets of Alcatel-Lucent in 2016 , this also included licensing agreements for the Alcatel brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b641c8d9ec36500b2db60ea33a4e3531", "text": "Shanghai Tobacco Group Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. , Ltd. is a subsidiary of state-owned China Tobacco . The company produced Chunghwa , Double Happiness , Zhongnanhai and other brands . The company also known as a minority shareholders of Bank of Communications , Orient Securities , Haitong Securities and China Pacific Insurance Company via Shanghai Haiyan Investment Management .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05557a2213c7e6e7a408b6e611f154c2", "text": "Daigou Daigou ( Chinese : 代购 dàigòu ( -LSB- langpronˈdaɪˈgoʊ -RSB- ) ; also 海外代购 hǎiwài dàigòu ) is a channel of commerce in which an overseas person purchases commodities ( mainly luxury goods but also groceries ) for a customer in mainland China , since prices for luxury goods can be 30 to 40 percent higher in China than abroad . The phrase means `` buying on behalf of '' . Daigou sales across sectors total $ 15 billion annually . In 2014 the value of the daigou business just in luxury goods increased from CN ¥ 55 billion to CN ¥ 75 billion yuan ( USD $ 8.8 billion to $ 12 billion ) . Daigou purchases are often from luxury brand boutiques in major fashion cities like Paris , London , New York City , Hong Kong , Tokyo and Seoul . Some daigou operators use Weibo and WeChat to communicate with their clients . The large demand for daigou service is due to concern over unsafe products , especially food safety problems , and China 's high import tariffs on luxury goods . Some daigou service providers intentionally sell counterfeit made in China products that have been altered to appear purchased abroad . A 2015 survey of Chinese online luxury shoppers found that 35 % have used daigou to purchase luxury goods online , while only 7 % used the website of the brand they are buying , or think they are buying . Approximately 80 % of Chinese luxury purchases are made abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35be85624214aa65231ba1c1de416bb9", "text": "HiSilicon HiSilicon is a Chinese fabless semiconductor company based in Shenzhen , Guangdong and fully owned by Huawei . HiSilicon purchased licenses from ARM Holdings for at least ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore , ARM Cortex-M3 , ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore , ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore , ARM Cortex-A53 , ARM Cortex-A57 and also for their Mali graphics cores . HiSilicon also purchased licenses from Vivante Corporation for their GC4000 graphics core . HiSilicon is reputed to be the largest domestic designer of integrated circuits in China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e06fe00b8ebe599c182d05bcdea04208", "text": "China International Capital Corporation China International Capital Corporation Limited ( CICC ; 中国国际金融股份有限公司 ) is one of China 's leading investment banking firms that engages in investment banking , securities , investment management , and other financial services primarily with institutional clients . CICC was founded in 1995 and is headquartered at China World Office 2 , 1 Jianguomenwai Avenue , Beijing , China . It also has offices in Shanghai , Hong Kong , Singapore , London , and New York City . The firm provides equity and debt underwriting , mergers and acquisitions advisory , equity sales and trading , and fixed income , commodities and currency services to its clients . It also has a diversified investment management platform that includes asset management , mutual fund , fund of funds , and private equity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b53c114ad2f59a916868337c6bb65d7d", "text": "Sinalco Sinalco is a popular brand of non-alcoholic drinks first marketed in 1902 , with sales in now more than 40 countries . Sinalco is the oldest soft drink brand in Europe . It is produced by Sinalco International , a company headquartered in Duisburg , Germany . In 1902 , German scientist Friedrich Eduard Bilz invented `` Bilz Brause '' , a sherbet powder , and started to sell it in partnership with industrialist Franz Hartmann . As imitations started to appear , they held a prize competition for a brand name , and chose `` Sinalco '' ( an abbreviation of the Latin sine alcohole , `` without alcohol '' ) . As one of the first beverage brands , Sinalco came to be exported worldwide , particularly to South America and the Middle East . The red circle trademark was registered in 1937 . A distinctively-shaped bottle was launched in the 1950s , and updated at the end of the century . Besides the original Sinalco Orange , today the company also bottles Sinalco Cola and a few other kinds of soft drinks . In Germany , it is the third most popular soft drink , after Fanta and Sprite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e66e49f066d66baf9e581c6953baa22", "text": "Fortune Brands Fortune Brands was a holding company founded in 1969 as American Brands and later renamed in 1997 and split apart in 2011 . The corporate headquarters was in Deerfield , Illinois in the United States . The company historically had a significant diversity of products . It announced on December 8 , 2010 , that it planned to focus on its liquor business , and to spin off or sell other parts of the company -- including home furnishings and hardware and other golf products . The company then sold its Titleist and FootJoy product lines to FILA Korea . On October 3 , 2011 , it split the remainder of its business into two publicly traded companies : Fortune Brands Home & Security and Beam Inc. . . On Jan. 14 , 2014 , Japan 's Suntory made a US$ 16bn offer to buy Beam , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be16568d638157ab91c9e30524c6d645", "text": "His TV His TV ( , aTV3 ) is a television channel produced by Asia Television which broadcast from December 31 , 2007 , till April 1 , 2009 . It was founded by American Dan Moramarco . After he sold the company to Chinese investors , the channel closed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1483082bf995c2683fc9d4b51df6c31d", "text": "Hebei Yuxing Bio-Engineering Co. Ltd Hebei Yuxing Bio-Engineering Co. Ltd is a Chinese active pharmaceutical ingredient ( API ) company that exports to the United States of America . Recently , the US FDA issued a warning letter due to `` evidence that the company was keeping incomplete documentation and did not adequately investigate instances of microbial contamination . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81a2bb921d12699fe5ec578767e8b0b8", "text": "Seikosha was a branch of the Japanese company Seiko that produced clocks , watches , shutters , computer printers and other devices . It was the root of the manufacturing companies of the Seiko Group . 1881 -- Kintarō Hattori opens the watch and jewelry shop `` K. Hattori '' ( Hattori Tokeiten in Japanese ; currently named Seiko Holdings Corporation ) in the Ginza area of Tokyo , Japan . 1892 -- Seikosha is established in Tokyo as the clock manufacturing arm of K. Hattori . 1917 -- K. Hattori becomes a company ( K. Hattori & Co. , Ltd. ) . 1937 -- The watch production division of Seikosha is split off as . 1942 -- Daiwa Kogyo , Ltd. is founded in Suwa , Nagano by Hisao Yamazaki . 1943 -- Daini Seikosha establishes a factory in Suwa for manufacturing watches with Daiwa Kogyo . 1959 -- Daiwa Kogyo and the Suwa Plant of Daini Seikosha merge to form 1961 -- Shinshu Seiki Co. , Ltd. is established as a subsidiary of Suwa Seikosha . 1970 -- Seikosha is split off from K. Hattori & Co. , Ltd. , and Seikosha Co. , Ltd. is incorporated . 1982 -- K. Hattori & Co. , Ltd. is renamed Hattori Seiko Co. , Ltd. . 1982 -- Shinshu Seiki is renamed Epson Corporation . 1983 -- Daini Seikosha is renamed Seiko Instruments & Electronics Ltd. . 1985 -- Suwa Seikosha and Epson merge to form Seiko Epson Corporation . 1990 -- Hattori Seiko Co. , Ltd. is renamed Seiko Corporation . 1996 -- Seikosha Co. , Ltd. is divided into Seiko Precision Inc. and Seiko Clock Inc. . 1997 -- Seiko Instruments & Electronics is renamed Seiko Instruments Inc. . 2007 -- Seiko Corporation is renamed Seiko Holdings Corporation . 1 October 2009 -- Seiko Instruments becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Seiko Holdings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45575a5282aec054d6b744b220c5cabe", "text": "Fufeng Group Fufeng Group is the largest private-owned monosodium glutamate ( flavour enhancer ) and the second largest xanthan gum producer in Mainland China . Its products include flavour enhancers , xanthan gum , fertilizer , starch , and sugar substitute . Its headquarters is in Shandong province . Its CEO is Li Xuechun . Fufeng was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on 8 February 2007 with IPO price at HK$ 2.23 per share . Its share price at the first trading day was HK$ 3.01 , with a 35 % increase compared with its IPO price . However , after issuing profit warning and profit decline at the first half year in 2007 due to a rise in the price of corn , its share price dropped below the IPO price and currently is below HK$ 1 . Its share price showed the poorest performance among all newly listed stocks in 2007 . The market capitalization of Fufeng Group is around $ 5.3 B HKD in Jan 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5579a7ab24e605c3b8c962f51794e51f", "text": "Wing Wah Wing Wah is a Hong Kong based restaurant chain and food manufacturer owned by Wing Wah Food Manufactory Limited . The company is most renowned for its mooncakes , and also produces : Chinese sausage , cakes , and teas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a60be13d331732462c8fe2907a8c281", "text": "Hankook P&G Hankook P&G ( hangul : 한국피앤지 ) is a Korean consumer goods company headquartered in Yeoksam-dong , Gangnam-gu , Seoul , Korea . It is a subsidiary of the multinational consumer goods company Procter & Gamble . The company was established as Seotong P&G in 1989 , and changed its name to Hankook P&G in 1993 . It produces many popular chemical , food , paper , and personal care products , and has manufacturing facilities in Cheonan and Osan . The CEO of Hankook P&G is Kim Sang Heon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19df5b488baa037cd1b644ac4b96ea4a", "text": "Beijing Hualian Group The Beijing Hualian Group is a leading Chinese retailer , headquartered in Beijing . Headed by Ji Xiao An the chairman of the board of the Beijing Hualian Group , the group 's main activities include the operation of supermarkets and department stores , as well as the sale of general merchandise , textiles , daily-use products and fresh fruits and vegetables .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbdde3c8dafe2c0cd3b095ea6db5e5d7", "text": "China International Publishing Group The China International Publishing Group ( CIPG ) , also known as the China Foreign Languages Publishing Administration , is the largest foreign-language publishing organisation in China . Established in October 1949 , it has developed into a global media corporation , providing up-to-date information about China to readers worldwide through books , magazines and the Internet . CIPG owns seven subordinate publishing houses , i.e. Foreign Languages Press , New World Press , Morning Glory Publishers , Sinolingua , China Pictorial Publishing House , Dolphin Books and New Star Publishers . The organisation annually publishes over 3,000 titles of books and around 50 journals in more than 10 languages . Notable periodicals include Beijing Review , China Today , China Pictorial , People 's China and China Report . Its subsidiary , the China International Book Trading Corporation is in charge of the distribution . It also runs 20 overseas branches in countries and regions , including the United States , Britain , Germany , Japan , Belgium , Egypt , Mexico and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , with about 3,000 staff members including around 100 foreign workers . In addition to publishing , CIPG operates a number of websites , including china.org.cn and chinagate.com.cn , releasing news in nine languages , including Chinese ( both in simplified and traditional characters ) , English , French , German , Japanese , Spanish , Arabic , Russian , Korean and Esperanto . It is also responsible for the implementation and management of the national translation test and appraisal for the Chinese Ministry of Personnel . Prominent people who have worked in the CIPG include Nobel Literature Prize-winning novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian , Nobel Prize-nominated poet Bei Dao , actor and politician Ying Ruocheng , known for his role in Oscar-winning The Last Emperor , translators Yang Xianyi and Ye Junjian , author Xiao Qian , non-fiction novel writer Xu Chi , cartoonist Ding Cong , former Chinese Foreign Minister Qiao Guanhua and former UN Undersecretary of State ( 1972-1979 ) Tang Mingzhao . Several foreign employees have also gained notoriety , including the pseudonymous author `` Alex Hill , '' whose account of working as a foreign editor for the organization was widely read in 2015 . In his account , the author writes of feckless bureaucracy , political correctness , and a general feeling of malaise among the many foreigners working in the compound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "190cd43386fd3ac7fcad0f2dc8a8c115", "text": "Teamwork Motion Pictures Teamwork Motion Pictures Ltd. ( Traditional Chinese : 天幕製作有限公司 ) is a former Hong Kong film production company . The company was established by Cantopop star , actor and film producer Andy Lau , serving as a producer for film in which Lau appeared as an actor . Following an intense lawsuit in 2002 with producing partner Clement Mak , Lau renamed the company to Focus Group Holdings Limited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d4d7215f628af5fcbbd8cb133796e61", "text": "City Telecom (Hong Kong) City Telecom ( H.K. ) Limited ( CTI , ) was established in 1992 . It is a provider of residential and corporate fixed network and international telecommunications services in Hong Kong , currently the second largest provider of broadband internet in the country . CTI played a significant role in liberalizing the international telecommunications market monopoly in Hong Kong since their launch of services . CTI 's wholly owned subsidiary , Hong Kong Broadband Network Limited ( `` HKBN '' ) , is a major fixed telecom network services operator , providing the world 's fastest residential 1 Gbit/s , 200Mbit/s , 100Mbit/s , 50Mbit/s and 25Mbit/s broadband Internet access , telephony , IP-TV and corporate data services with their self-built Metro Ethernet IP network , which is the largest alternative end-to-end network in Hong Kong . Since their establishment , the Group has aggressively marketed itself and its services to capitalize on the growth and deregulation of the Hong Kong telecommunications market . HKBN is the first ISP to deploy Fibre-To-The-Home ( FTTH ) in the local residential market in September 2007 while the other competitors still predominately use copper wires for their last mile . City Telecom was listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited ( Stock Code : 1137 ) in August 1997 with an ADR Listing on the Nasdaq National Market ( Ticker Symbol : CTEL ) in the US in November 1999 . In addition to the operations in Hong Kong , the Group also has branch offices in Canada and Guangzhou . The Group had the strongest turnover growth since FY2000 , with the consolidated turnover grew by 14.2 % year-on-year to HK$ 1,303.0 million for the year ended 31 August 2008 . This solid growth was primarily contributed by their increase in Fixed Telecommunications Network Service business ( FTNS ) of 23.8 % to HK$ 1,011.0 million . Besides , the Group 's profits attributable to their shareholders increased by 333.2 % to HK$ 125.2 million with basic earnings per share reaching HK$ 19.7 cents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "559c924bd68875cac6844d8fd6ba0b3a", "text": "Taiwanization Taiwanization , also known as the Taiwanese localization movement , is a conceptual term used in Taiwan to emphasize the importance of a ( separate ) Taiwanese culture , society , economy , nationality , and identity rather than to regard Taiwan as solely an appendage of China . This involves the teaching of the history of Taiwan , geography , and culture from a Taiwan-centric perspective , as well as promoting languages locally established in Taiwan , including Taiwanese Hokkien ( Taiwanese ) , Hakka , and aboriginal languages . Originally part of the Taiwan independence movement and related to the Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign , some of Taiwanization 's aims are now endorsed by some supporters of Chinese Unification on Taiwan . The localization movement has been expressed in forms such as the use of language or dialect in the broadcast media and entire channels devoted to aboriginal and Hakka affairs . Textbooks have been rewritten by scholars to more prominently emphasize Taiwan . The political compromise that has been reached is to teach both the history of Taiwan and the history of mainland China . Some Taiwanese-owned companies or organizations established in earlier times have names containing the words `` China '' or `` Chinese '' . They have been encouraged in recent years to change the word `` China '' in their names to `` Taiwan '' as an act of Taiwanization . This campaign for changing the names is known as the `` Name Rectification Campaign '' or `` Taiwan Name Rectification '' . Many Taiwan-based companies in international sectors already identify themselves as `` Taiwan '' - based for clarity 's sake . This keeps international customers from confusing them with an enterprise based in the People 's Republic of China . Other Taiwan-based companies decline to change to a `` Taiwanese '' name because of expense or the political views held by important clients and company leaders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b923803fe603755a64578f558c9b117", "text": "Activa-International Activa is a proprietary brand under Kino Biotech Co. Ltd. , a public listed company in the Taiwan 's GreTai Securities Market ( GTSM ) with its head office in Singapore . Kino Biotech Co. Ltd. owns 100 % stakes in Kino Life Science Ltd , TRN Marketing ( M ) Sdn . Bhd. and TRN Marketing Pte. Ltd. . The Taiwan 's GTSM database of public listed companies states that Kino Biotech Co. Ltd. has over 4500 points of sales in China , Singapore , Malaysia , Vietnam , Thailand and Indonesia . Their core brands distributed are Kinohimitsu , Activa and Xpertise . Kino Biotech Co. Ltd. offers beauty and wellness solutions combining both external and internal uses . The Activa brand approaches skin 's wellness and beauty ( topical use ) through natural ingredients . Whereas , its Kinohimitsu brand targets beauty solution from within our body system . Other global beauty players that offer such external and internal beauty and wellness solutions are Shishedo , Meiji and DHC brands . Activa is distributed in malls similar to other players such as ROC and Avene . The channel of distributions include beauty salons , and pharmacies such as Watson , Century , Sasa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "340d51fa81b659de5bb777c6c1ba52a5", "text": "Ewo (hong) The Ewo Hong was a Qing dynasty hong established by Wǔ Guóyíng in Canton ( Guangzhou ) in 1783 and later became the leader of the cohong of the Thirteen Factories under the stewardship of Howqua , who took over in 1803 . Ewo later became one of the most successful hongs and the largest creditor of the East India Company , whilst Howqua 's personal monetary worth reached more than 26 million Mexican dollars . As a result of the Ewo hong 's upright and honest reputation , Jardine , Matheson & Co. later adopted `` Ewo '' as the Chinese name for their firm .", "title": "" } ]	fever
733a615d44772b9a7635bdf01f64c3f1	Beauty and the Beast had British actors.	[ { "docid": "280505d78c5f49e14d143a6a91b3d493", "text": "Ewan McGregor Ewan Gordon McGregor ( -LSB- ˌjuːən_məˈɡrɛɡər -RSB- born 31 March 1971 ) is a Scottish actor . His first professional role was in 1993 , when he won a leading role in the Channel 4 series Lipstick on Your Collar . He is known for playing heroin addict Mark Renton in the drama films Trainspotting ( 1996 ) and T2 Trainspotting ( 2017 ) , the Jedi Obi-Wan Kenobi in the Star Wars prequel trilogy and Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( 1999 -- 2015 ) , poet Christian in the musical film Moulin Rouge ! ( 2001 ) , Camerlengo Father Patrick McKenna in Angels and Demons ( 2009 ) , Dr. Alfred Jones in the romantic comedy-drama Salmon Fishing in the Yemen ( 2011 ) , and Lumière in a live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 ) . He received Golden Globe nominations for Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy for both Moulin Rouge ! and Salmon Fishing in the Yemen . McGregor has also starred in theatre productions of Guys and Dolls ( 2005 -- 07 ) and Othello ( 2007 -- 08 ) . He was ranked number 36 on Empire magazine 's `` The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time '' list in 1997 . In a 2004 poll for the BBC , McGregor was named the fourth most influential person in British culture . He has been involved in charity work and has served as an ambassador for UNICEF UK since 2004 . In 2016 , he received the BAFTA Britannia Humanitarian Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ea9bbcb933b89ef953c945c9784655", "text": "Nathan Mack Nathan Mack ( born 15 April 2007 ) is a British child actor who is known for portraying Tyler in 2014 's Babylon and Chip Potts in the 2017 live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast . He attends Stagecoach Performing Arts School for children , which also helped him land the role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "831ca77fd0720eb3e66b92f9651a69b6", "text": "Emma Thompson Emma Thompson ( born 15 April 1959 ) is a British actress , activist , author , comedienne and screenwriter . Born in London to English actor Eric Thompson and Scottish actress Phyllida Law , Thompson was educated at Newnham College , University of Cambridge , where she became a member of the Footlights troupe . After appearing in several comedy programmes , she first came to prominence in 1987 in two BBC TV series , Tutti Frutti and Fortunes of War , winning the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her work in both series . Her first film role was in the 1989 romantic comedy The Tall Guy , and in the early 1990s she frequently collaborated with her then husband , actor and director Kenneth Branagh . The pair became popular in the British media and co-starred in several films , including Dead Again ( 1991 ) and Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) . In 1992 , Thompson won an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for the period drama Howards End . In 1993 , she garnered dual Academy Award nominations for her roles in The Remains of the Day as the housekeeper of a grand household and In the Name of the Father as a lawyer . Thompson scripted and starred in Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) , which earned her ( among other awards ) an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress . Other notable film and television credits include : the Harry Potter film series , Wit ( 2001 ) , Love Actually ( 2003 ) , Angels in America ( 2003 ) , Nanny McPhee ( 2005 ) , Stranger than Fiction ( 2006 ) , Last Chance Harvey ( 2008 ) , Men in Black 3 ( 2012 ) , Brave ( 2012 ) and Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 ) . In 2013 , she received acclaim and several award nominations for her portrayal of P. L. Travers in Saving Mr. Banks . Thompson is married to actor Greg Wise , with whom she lives in London . They have one daughter and an adopted son . She is an activist in the areas of human rights and environmentalism and has received criticism for her outspokenness . She has written two books adapted from The Tale of Peter Rabbit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01f150f3dbc97ec0c6593b61ac810096", "text": "Gugu Mbatha-Raw Gugulethu Sophia Mbatha ( born 21 April 1983 ) , known as Gugu Mbatha-Raw ( pronounced -LSB- ˈguːguː_mmˈbɑːtə_rɔː -RSB- ) , is a British stage and film actress . Working in British television and stage productions , she gained prominence in a recurring role on Doctor Who , playing Tish Jones , sister of Martha Jones . She garnered attention in American productions , beginning with a supporting role in the Tom Hanks comedy Larry Crowne , and starring roles on the short-lived television series Undercovers and Touch . She earned critical acclaim for her performances in the British period drama Belle ( 2013 ) and the romantic drama Beyond the Lights ( 2014 ) , receiving numerous accolade nominations from critics worldwide . In 2015 , Mbatha-Raw premiered the title role in Jessica Swale 's play Nell Gwynn , an actress and mistress of King Charles II of England . She was nominated for an Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress for her performance . Her performance as Kelly in the critically acclaimed `` San Junipero '' , an episode in season three of the cult anthology series Black Mirror was highly praised .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5628fa46e65fd7302725e27274656ca3", "text": "Dan Stevens Daniel Jonathan Stevens ( born 10 October 1982 ) is an English actor . He is best known for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series Downton Abbey . He also starred as David in the thriller film The Guest , Sir Lancelot in Night at the Museum : Secret of the Tomb , and as The Beast/Prince in Walt Disney 's live action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast . He currently stars as David Haller in the FX series Legion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba78824823877b2f9b7dd681fcc58b41", "text": "Emma Watson Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson ( born 15 April 1990 ) is a French-British actress , model , and activist . Born in Paris and brought up in Oxfordshire , Watson attended the Dragon School and trained as an actress at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts . She rose to prominence after landing her first professional acting role as Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter film series , having acted only in school plays previously . Watson appeared in all eight Harry Potter films from 2001 to 2011 , earning worldwide fame , critical accolades , and around $ 60 million . Watson continued to work outside of the Harry Potter films , lending her voice to The Tale of Despereaux ( 2008 ) and appearing in the 2007 television adaptation of the novel Ballet Shoes . Since then , she has taken on starring roles in The Perks of Being a Wallflower ( 2012 ) and The Bling Ring ( 2013 ) , made a brief appearance as an exaggerated version of herself in This Is the End ( 2013 ) , and portrayed the title character 's adopted daughter in Noah ( 2014 ) . In 2017 , she portrayed Belle in a live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast . Her other releases include Regression ( 2015 ) , Colonia ( 2015 ) and The Circle ( 2017 ) . From 2011 to 2014 , Watson split her time between working on film projects and continuing her education , studying at Brown University and Worcester College , Oxford and graduating from Brown with a bachelor 's degree in English literature in May 2014 . Her modelling work has included campaigns for Burberry and Lancôme . As a fashion consultant , she helped create a line of clothing for People Tree . She was honoured by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2014 , winning for British Artist of the Year . That same year , she was appointed as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador and helped launch the UN Women campaign HeForShe , which calls for men to advocate gender equality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e2b322fa8454587ac89c844ca10fbb6", "text": "Ian McKellen Sir Ian Murray McKellen , ( born 25 May 1939 ) is an English actor . He is the recipient of six Laurence Olivier Awards , a Tony Award , a Golden Globe Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award , a BIF Award , two Saturn Awards , four Drama Desk Awards , and two Critics ' Choice Awards . He has also received two Oscar nominations , four BAFTA nominations and five Emmy Award nominations . McKellen 's career spans genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fiction . The BBC states his `` performances have guaranteed him a place in the canon of English stage and film actors '' . A recipient of every major theatrical award in the UK , McKellen is regarded as a British cultural icon . He started his professional career in 1961 at the Belgrade Theatre as a member of their highly regarded repertory company . In 1965 McKellen made his first West End appearance . In 1969 he was invited to join the Prospect Theatre Company to play the lead parts in Shakespeare 's Richard II and Marlowe 's Edward II , and he firmly established himself as one of the country 's foremost classical actors . In the 1970s McKellen became a stalwart of the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre of Great Britain . He achieved worldwide fame for his notable film roles , which include Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit trilogies and Magneto in the X-Men films , both of which introduced McKellen to a new generation . McKellen was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1979 Birthday Honours , was knighted in the 1991 New Year Honours for services to the performing arts , and made a Companion of Honour for services to drama and to equality in the 2008 New Year Honours . He has been openly gay since 1988 , and continues to be a champion for LGBT social movements worldwide . He was made a Freeman of the City of London in October 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2715a29c03095a0ea34b813740e57fd", "text": "Luke Evans (actor) Luke Evans ( born 15 April 1979 ) is a Welsh actor . Evans began his career on the stage , performing in many of London 's West End productions such as Rent , Miss Saigon , and Piaf before getting his Hollywood breakthrough role starring in the Clash of the Titans 2010 remake . Following his debut , Evans was cast in such action and thriller films as Immortals ( 2011 ) , The Raven ( 2012 ) , and the re-imagined The Three Musketeers ( 2011 ) . In 2013 , Evans starred as the main antagonist Owen Shaw in the blockbuster Fast & Furious 6 , and also played Bard the Bowman in Peter Jackson 's three-part adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Hobbit . Evans also portrayed the vampire Dracula in the character 's film origin story , Dracula Untold . In 2017 , Evans starred as Gaston in Disney 's live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e776e7158d305370025036c5c5ca40db", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos , and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films . The film is based on Disney 's 1991 animated film of the same name , itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont 's eighteenth-century fairy tale . The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the titular characters with Luke Evans , Kevin Kline , Josh Gad , Ewan McGregor , Stanley Tucci , Audra McDonald , Gugu Mbatha-Raw , Nathan Mack , Ian McKellen and Emma Thompson in supporting roles . Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey , England on May 18 , 2015 , and ended on August 21 . Beauty and the Beast premiered on February 23 , 2017 , at Spencer House in London and was released in the United States on March 17 , 2017 , in the standard , Disney Digital 3-D , RealD 3D , IMAX and IMAX 3D formats along with Dolby Cinema . The film received positive reviews from critics and audiences , with many praising Watson 's performance and has grossed over $ 1.2 billion worldwide , making it the highest-grossing film of 2017 and the 10th highest-grossing film of all time .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c829bf19c68597a3a040ff8715a7992b", "text": "Elsa Buchanan Elsa Buchanan ( 22 December 1908 -- 17 January 2004 ) was an English character actress with a brief career in theatre and film . Born Elsie Winifred Buchanan Tinker , Buchanan made her stage debut at age three at the Palace Theatre , London at a performance attended by Queen Mary . Buchanan was later the first Briton admitted to the training school of the Académie française . She made seventeen films in the United States , where she was noted for her blonde hair and called `` the girl with the largest eyes and the smallest waist in Hollywood . '' She accepted the proposal of her husband , a merchant sailor named Noll Charlton , while attending a coronation ball for King George VI and retired from film thereafter . Shortly before her death saw Gosford Park , in which one of the characters , a Hollywood producer , discusses casting for Charlie Chan in London , inviting a blonde maid to audition for the part that she actually played in that film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "073c4f6bdac62cf7ac5d1c87824179ad", "text": "Robin Sebastian Robin Sebastian is a British actor , best known for his portrayals of Kenneth Williams . A native of London , he has played Williams in recreations of Round the Horne and Hancock 's Half Hour on stage , screen and radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69a38050060a8207e82afdd22a25173b", "text": "Pride and Prejudice (1958 TV series) Pride and Prejudice is a 1958 British television adaptation of the novel of the same name , which aired on the BBC . Cast included Alan Badel , Pamela Binns , Jane Downs , Susan Lyall Grant , Marian Spencer , Vivienne Martin , Hugh Sinclair , William Squire , Joan Carol , Jeanne Elvin , Colin Jeavons , Barbara New , and Greta Watson . Six half-hour episodes were produced , presumably aired live ( since that was usually the case with BBC drama of the era ) , and telerecorded for overseas broadcast . All six episodes are believed to be lost . The designer was Stephen Bundy , adaptation by Cedric Wallis and the producer was Barbara Burnham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1da189226c838b1340f1dfe9e3b07250", "text": "Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy , CBE , FSA ( born 29 October 1925 ) is an English actor with a long career in the theatre , film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecec86c16dbed540e1748ef684646c73", "text": "Sacha Dhawan Sacha Dhawan ( born May 1 , 1984 ) is a British actor of Indian descent . He has performed on stage , film , television and radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6976702e0323ad976df60853608b7b7", "text": "Thomas Ho (actor) Thomas Ho Siu-hung , born 19 August 1973 , Kowloon , Hong Kong , is a British actor , of Chinese descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5ba7c104558fc8dab11e0d9b7da1ddb", "text": "Richard Wilson (Australian actor) Richard Wilson ( born 23 October 1984 in Leicester , Leicestershire , England ) is a British-born Australian actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92a4bb04740855a088320f70e441c310", "text": "Nicholas Le Prevost Nicholas Le Prevost ( born 18 March 1947 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0471de7bcbb50dae98def28e70e4ee67", "text": "Cecil Bevan Cecil Bevan was a British stage and film actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904eff6dde3289b8662d118f29542217", "text": "Tom Baker (English actor) Thomas Stewart `` Tom '' Baker ( born 20 January 1934 ) is an English actor . He is known for his portrayal of the fourth incarnation of the Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who from 1974 to 1981 , a longer tenure than any other actor , and for the narration of the comedy series Little Britain . Baker 's voice , which has been described as `` sonorous '' , was voted the fourth-most recognisable in the UK . At the age of 15 Baker began study as a monk . However , he gradually lost his vocation and at 21 he left monastic life and undertook National Service in the Royal Army Medical Corps . On leaving the army , he joined the Merchant Navy and then became an actor , joining the Royal National Theatre Company under Laurence Olivier . Baker was in his thirties when his professional acting career began , and his first major film role was as Grigori Rasputin in Nicholas and Alexandra in 1971 , when he was 37 . He went on to play the villainous Prince Koura in The Golden Voyage of Sinbad in 1973 , which led to his casting in Doctor Who . During his period as its star , the series was distinguished by high viewing figures and many stories which became regarded as classics . He remains one of the most instantly recognisable incarnations of the character . He continued to win regular roles in TV later in his career , most notably in the series Medics and Monarch of the Glen . In addition to performing acting roles , Baker has narrated commercials , video games , audiobooks and television series . In a poll for the BBC Homes and Antiques magazine in January 2006 , Baker was voted the world 's fourth-most eccentric star . He was beaten by Björk , Chris Eubank and David Icke . Married three times , the second to Doctor Who co-star Lalla Ward , Baker has two sons from his first marriage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdcd201f02f5ce3b46a9bf583e902744", "text": "Chris Sandford Christopher Duke Sandford ( born 6 June 1939 ) is a British actor . He appeared in more than fifty films since 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06467c3112fb3c8711330ee799170cce", "text": "Rupert Everett Rupert James Hector Everett ( -LSB- ˈɛvərɪt -RSB- born 29 May 1959 ) is an English actor and writer . He first came to public attention in 1981 , when he was cast in Julian Mitchell 's play and subsequent film Another Country ( 1984 ) as an openly gay pupil at an English public school in the 1930s ; the role earned him his first BAFTA Award nomination . He went on to receive a second BAFTA Award nomination and his first Golden Globe Award nomination for his role in My Best Friend 's Wedding ( 1997 ) , followed by a second Golden Globe nomination for An Ideal Husband ( 1999 ) . Everett has performed in many other prominent films , including The Madness of King George ( 1994 ) , Shakespeare in Love ( 1998 ) , Inspector Gadget ( 1999 ) , A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( 1999 ) , The Next Best Thing ( 2000 ) , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe ( 2005 ) , Stardust ( 2007 ) and the Shrek sequels . He co-starred with Eva Green in Tim Burton 's film Miss Peregrine 's Home for Peculiar Children ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c43f6726f715d7a5bfb955981d0762c", "text": "Duncan Duff Duncan Duff ( born 1962 in Edinburgh , Scotland , United Kingdom ) is a British stage , television and film actor who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London 1985 - 1987 . He is best known for A Quiet Passion ( 2016 ) , Wild Target , ( 2010 ) , Big Kids ( 2000 ) , Hamish Macbeth ( 1997 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ad3e3989f7cfe79497c848e384f212", "text": "Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch The Queen 's Theatre is a 500-seat producing theatre located in Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering , east London . The theatre opened in its current purpose-built site on Billet Lane , Hornchurch in 1975 . From 1953 to 1975 the theatre had occupied a converted , and for some time derelict , cinema on Station Lane ( the site of the present Ripon House development ) that had been used for storage during the Second World War . The theatre originally opened in the coronation year of Queen Elizabeth II and its name reflects this . The opening production was See How They Run . The building deteriorated and the London Borough of Havering built the new theatre . It was opened by Sir Peter Hall in April 1975 , with a production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat . Home to the original productions of the award-winning Return to the Forbidden Planet and Blood Brothers , performers such as Maggie Smith , Martin Shaw , Joan Plowright , Prunella Scales , Nigel Hawthorn , Carol Sloman , Lucy Benjamin , Gemma Salter , Bernard Cribbins , Conn O'Neill and theatre-makers and artists David Eldridge , Chris Bond , Bob Carlton , Bob Eaton , Glen Walford , Nichola McAuliffe , Tim Firth , Dan Murphy and Richard O'Brien the Queen 's Theatre , over its 60 plus year history , has built a track record in creating the best in live entertainment . The theatre 's current artistic director is Douglas Rintoul who was appointed in 2015 . The theatre 's previous artistic directors include Bob Carlton , Marina Calderone and Bob Tomson . The Queen 's Theatre produces over eights shows a year and has a vibrant learning and participatory programme engaging over 11,000 participants annually , enabling people to express themselves and their stories through the arts . The Queen 's Theatre works with educational institutions , amateur theatre groups , professional arts groups and wellbeing organizations , but is also widely connected to the larger theatre landscape in the UK and abroad . Current partnerships include co-productions with the New Wolsey Theatre Ipswich , Salisbury Playhouse , Watford Palace Theatre , Rifco , Sell a Door and The Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg . Behind the scenes there is a carpentry workshop , scenic artists and a wardrobe department creating sets and costumes on-site . The theatre was honoured with a visit from HM The Queen in 2003 , the theatre 's fiftieth anniversary , and in 2013 the theatre celebrated its Diamond Jubilee . The Queen 's Theatre is a registered charity and receives regular funding from the London Borough of Havering and is an Arts Council of England National Portfolio Organisation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72142050c9fd269615eb434fa11e9a1", "text": "James Wilby James Jonathon Wilby ( born 20 February 1958 ) is an English film , television and theatre actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e2146fb2bd60f9126bdc8d9e1cda351", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1987 TV series) Beauty and the Beast is an American fantasy-drama series which first aired on CBS in 1987 . Creator Ron Koslow 's updated version of the fairy tale has a double focus : the relationship between Vincent ( Ron Perlman ) , a mythic , noble man-beast , and Catherine ( Linda Hamilton ) , a savvy Assistant District Attorney in New York ; and a secret Utopian community of social outcasts living in a subterranean sanctuary . Through an empathetic bond , Vincent senses Catherine 's emotions , and becomes her guardian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51443c65879c749722e1de7f0287dfdc", "text": "Ralph Richardson Sir Ralph David Richardson ( 19 December 1902 -- 10 October 1983 ) was an English actor who , along with his contemporaries John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier , dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century . He worked in films throughout most of his career , and played more than sixty cinema roles . From an artistic but not theatrical background , Richardson had had no thought of a stage career until a production of Hamlet in Brighton inspired him to become an actor . He learned his craft in the 1920s with a touring company and later the Birmingham Repertory Theatre . In 1931 he joined the Old Vic , playing mostly Shakespearean roles . He led the company the following season , succeeding Gielgud , who had taught him much about stage technique . After he left the company , a series of leading roles took him to stardom in the West End and on Broadway . In the 1940s , together with Olivier and John Burrell , Richardson was the co-director of the Old Vic company . There , his most celebrated roles included Peer Gynt and Falstaff . He and Olivier led the company to Europe and Broadway in 1945 and 1946 , before their success provoked resentment among the governing board of the Old Vic , leading to their dismissal from the company in 1947 . In the 1950s , in the West End and occasionally on tour , Richardson played in modern and classic works including The Heiress , Home at Seven , and Three Sisters . He continued on stage and in films until shortly before his sudden death at the age of eighty . He was celebrated in later years for his work with Peter Hall 's National Theatre and his frequent stage partnership with Gielgud . He was not known for his portrayal of the great tragic roles in the classics , preferring character parts in old and new plays . Richardson 's film career began as an extra in 1931 . He was soon cast in leading roles in British and American films including Things to Come ( 1936 ) , The Fallen Idol ( 1948 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 1962 ) and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . He received nominations and awards in the UK , Europe and the US for his stage and screen work from 1948 until his death . Richardson was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , first for The Heiress ( 1949 ) and again ( posthumously ) for his final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes ( 1984 ) . Throughout his career , and increasingly in later years , Richardson was known for his eccentric behaviour on and off stage . He was often seen as detached from conventional ways of looking at the world , and his acting was regularly described as poetic or magical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ce946479f3b47161181935fc9c694e", "text": "Moray Watson Moray Watson ( 25 June 1928 -- 2 May 2017 ) was an English actor from Sunningdale , Berkshire .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8652f6f9d4b769f1be48892e7773b9cf	The West Wing is a constituent of the White House.	[ { "docid": "e892edf403e57469cc914a4f051d00c3", "text": "West Wing The West Wing of the White House , also known as the Executive Office Building , houses the offices of the President of the United States . The West Wing contains the Oval Office , the Cabinet Room , the Situation Room , and the Roosevelt Room . The West Wing 's three floors contain offices for the White House Chief of Staff , the Counselor to the President , the Senior Advisor to the President , the White House Press Secretary , and their support staffs . The Vice-President has an office in the building , but his primary office is next door in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building . The James S. Brady Press Briefing Room -- where the Press Secretary makes announcements and gives daily briefings to reporters -- is located in the West Colonnade of the White House , between the West Wing and the Executive Residence .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8dfedd198c081a459558072b63ce7177", "text": "Yellow Oval Room The Yellow Oval Room is an oval room located on the south side of the second floor in the White House , the official residence of the President of the United States . First used as a drawing room in the John Adams administration it has been used as a library , office , and family parlor . Today the Yellow Oval Room is used for small receptions and for greeting heads of states immediately before a State Dinner . The room is entered from the Center Hall on the north side of the room . Three large windows on the south side of the room face the South Lawn and The Ellipse . The southwest window has a swing-sash door leading to the Truman Balcony . Double doors on the west side of the room , with flags of the United States and of the presidency on either side , lead to the president and first lady 's bedrooms , private sitting room and dressing room .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fae99d0c42d8d65d71b9f7d7319a5ef8", "text": "Living room In Western architecture , a living room , also called a lounge room , lounge or sitting room , is a room in a residential house or apartment for relaxing and socializing . Such a room is sometimes called a front room when it is near the main entrance at the front of the house . In large formal homes , a sitting room is often a small private living area adjacent to a bedroom , such as the Queen 's Sitting Room and the Lincoln Sitting Room of the White House . The term living room was coined in the late 19th or early 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b1e9ad0adbc3ed9ec081d1b10c55088", "text": "List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term One-term congressmen are members of the United States House of Representatives that spent only one two-year term ( or less ) in office usually either due to death , resignation , or defeat . In some rare cases freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection . A good many members that serve in the House for only one term are viewed as accidental congressmen due to having been elected in a fluke election or by riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential candidate . Among the most famous one-term congressmen were Abraham Lincoln , who served as a Whig in the 30th Congress of 1847-1849 and was later the 16th President of the United States ; John Marshall , who was elected as a Federalist to the 6th Congress and was later the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ; William Pennington , who served as a Republican in the 36th Congress and was the first sitting Speaker of the House to be defeated in a bid for re-election ; Joseph Pulitzer , the famed newspaper man that resigned from office during his first term ; George Sutherland , who served as a Republican in the 57th Congress and was later an associate U.S. Supreme Court justice ; and William M. `` Boss '' Tweed , who served as a Democrat to the 33rd Congress and later went on to become infamous for his leadership of Tammany Hall , the dominant political machine in New York City throughout the nineteenth century ; and Isidor Straus , the co-owner of Macy 's department store who died in the sinking of the Titanic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9fa4abbec4c7f507ea56f591ffb8ddc", "text": "Congressional office buildings The congressional office buildings are the office buildings used by the United States Congress to augment the limited space in the United States Capitol . The congressional office buildings are part of the Capitol Complex are thus under the authority of the Architect of the Capitol and protected by the United States Capitol Police . The office buildings house the individual offices of each U.S. Representative and Senator as well as committee hearing rooms , staff rooms , multiple cafeterias , and areas for support , committee , and maintenance staff . The congressional office buildings are connected to the Capitol by means of several underground trains -- the Capitol Subway System . Congressional pages are responsible for carrying packages and messages from the two chambers to the buildings . The three Senate office buildings are along Constitution Avenue north of the Capitol : Russell Senate Office Building ( RSOB , completed 1908 ) Dirksen Senate Office Building ( DSOB , completed 1958 ) Hart Senate Office Building ( HSOB , completed 1982 ) The three House office buildings are along Independence Avenue south of the Capitol : Cannon House Office Building ( CHOB , completed 1908 ) Longworth House Office Building ( LHOB , completed 1933 ) Rayburn House Office Building ( RHOB , completed 1965 ) A fourth building , the Ford House Office Building , which used to house the FBI 's fingerprint records , sits a few blocks southwest of the others . A fifth building , the O'Neill House Office Building ( previously known as `` House Annex-1 '' ) was named after former Speaker of the House Thomas `` Tip '' O'Neill . It was demolished in 2002 . The U.S. Capitol Complex also includes a Page Residence Hall and the Capitol Power Plant , both on the House side of the Capitol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c120f10c02d3f0ccf0469463b1d39b3c", "text": "Executive Office of the President of the United States The Executive Office of the President of the United States ( EOPOTUS or EOP ) consists of the immediate staff of the incumbent President of the United States and multiple levels of support staff reporting to the President . The EOP is headed by the White House Chief of Staff , currently Reince Priebus . With the increase in technological and global advancement , the size of the White House staff has increased to include an array of policy experts to effectively address various fields of the modern day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57861f5dc598b944f774c601e794e432", "text": "Transpartisan Transpartisanship represents an emerging school of political thought which accepts the validity of truths across a range of political perspectives and seeks to synthesize them into an inclusive , pragmatic container beyond typical political dualities . It is distinct from bipartisanship , which aims to negotiate between `` right '' and `` left , '' resulting in a dualistic perspective , and nonpartisanship , which tends to avoid political affiliation altogether . Transpartisanship is a movement to support and advance a common ground - or `` new center '' - that already exists in U.S. politics , emerging periodically into public view in the form of `` unusual coalitions '' of progressives and conservatives around issues ranging from war and the military budget to corporate power and the surveillance state . The movement builds on methods of facilitated dialogue , deliberation and conflict resolution . Current examples of transpartisan initiatives include Transpartisan Center , TheSolution.org , Reuniting America , Transpartisan Alliance , and Liberty Coalition . Transpartisanship is an emerging field that advocates pragmatic and effective solutions to social and political problems , transcending and including preexisting political ideologies . Transpartisanship encompasses the idea that all systems are inextricably interconnected , and that successful outcomes can best be reached through inclusive , genuine , and respectful cooperation . Transpartisan democracy , in part , seeks to reintegrate the public 's voice in identifying , debating , and shaping governmental policies , while continuing to protect the sovereignty of the individual . The term `` Transpartisanship '' has emerged to provide a meaningful alternative to `` Bipartisanship , '' and `` Nonpartisanship . '' Bipartisanship limits the dialogue process to two political viewpoints or entities , striving for compromise solutions . Nonpartisanship , on the other hand , tends to deny the existence of differing viewpoints in exchange for cooperation . Both the bipartisan and nonpartisan approaches can discount the multiplicity of viewpoints that exist , which often results in incomplete and therefore unsuccessful outcomes . In contrast to these , transpartisanship recognizes the existence and validity of many points of view , and advocates a constructive dialogue aimed at arriving at creative , integrated , and therefore , breakthrough solutions that meet the needs of all present . Transpartisan gatherings have resulted not only in surprisingly civil conversations noted by mainstream media but also in shifts from traditional ideological stances by some participants . A close relative of transpartisanship is Integral politics . A transpartisan approach to policy would necessarily include individual and collective , as well as subjective and objective , perspective . Furthermore , similar to Integral theory , transpartisanship places politics in a developmental context , viewing democracy and prosperity not as static attainments , but rather emergent properties along a continuum of developmental stages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2f69d292e19f873d00e450eec51c18f", "text": "Charlie Young Charles `` Charlie '' Young is a fictional character played by Dulé Hill on the television serial drama The West Wing . For the majority of the series , he is the Personal Aide to President Josiah Bartlet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db3f17446b71e613f43158b62a655d74", "text": "White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs The White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs is a part of the Executive Office of the President and serves as the primary liaison between the White House and state , county , local , and tribal governments . The office focuses on building new and maintaining current relationships with governors , tribal leaders , mayors , state legislators , and county executives . The Office of Intergovernmental Affairs works with federal agencies and departments to ensure appropriate coordination between state , local , and tribal governments and the federal government . The current Director of Intergovernmental Affairs at the White House is Justin Clark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adaa758b7538f3ded8e191e39a5fb9b6", "text": "Toby Ziegler Tobias Zachary `` Toby '' Ziegler is a fictional character in the television serial drama The West Wing , played by Richard Schiff . The role earned Schiff the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2000 . For most of the series ' duration he is White House Communications Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a54a2eec6cdffe7d8d1f4fc6cc037cb6", "text": "Walter S. White Walter S. White ( 1917 -- 2002 ) was an American modernist architect and industrial designer who worked in the Coachella Valley , CA in the 1950s and the Colorado Springs , CO area in the 1960s . Between 1933 and 1936 he attended San Bernardino High School . White worked for six months in 1937 for Harwell H. Harris , followed by an eight-month term in Rudolf Schindler 's Los Angeles office during 1937-1938 . After working with Schindler , White worked for Allen Rouff for six months between 1938 and 1939 . Between 1939 and 1942 , White worked for Win E. Wilson for two years and six months , helping to plan and design prefabricated war housing with a skin-stressed plywood panel system . In his papers , White recounts that over 8,000 of these units were constructed in the United States . For the remainder of the war , White was employed by the Douglass Aircraft Co. in El Segundo , California , working on machine tool design for four years and six months , 1942 to 1946 . In 1947 White moved from Los Angeles to Palm Springs where he worked for Clark & Frey Architects between 1947 and 1948 , one year and six months . Starting in 1948 , White began to work on his own as a self-employed designer and contractor in Colorado Springs , Colorado where he continued to practice as a contractor until 1965 . White obtained his architecture license in Colorado Springs in 1967 . He returned to California and worked there during the 1970s and 1980s . Reflecting on his career , White described the variety of buildings he designed : `` 300 residences , 40 recreation homes , ski lodges , commercial buildings , churches , luxurious club houses and guest rooms , and condominiums . Of the 300 residences designed I have built approximately 15 % of them myself . '' In addition to designing houses , White devoted much of his career to the research and development of the Solar Heat Exchanger Window Wall and the `` Hyperboloic Paraboloid Roof Structure and Method of Constructing Thereof '' -- - both of which he patented , in 1975 and 1996 respectively . Walter S. White died in 2002 , at the age of 85 . After White 's death in 2002 his papers were donated to the Architecture and Design Collection of the University of California at Santa Barbara ( UCSB ) . In the fall of 2015 , UCSB 's Art , Design , and Architecture Museum will show the first ever retrospective of Walter S. White 's architecture ; an exhibition that is currently being researched in large parts by students of the Department of the History of Art and Architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c963b5a8de956bd70eedb4361f7498cc", "text": "Executive Mansion (Virginia) The Virginia Governor 's Mansion , better known as the Executive Mansion , is located in Richmond , Virginia , on Capitol Square and serves as the official residence of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia . Designed by Alexander Parris , it is the oldest occupied governor 's mansion in the United States . It has served as the home of Virginia governors and their families since 1813 . This mansion is both a Virginia and a National Historic Landmark , and has had a number of successive renovations and expansions during the 20th century . Adjacent and immediately north of Capitol Square is the Court End neighborhood , which houses the White House of the Confederacy . During the Civil War , Virginia 's statehouse , also in Richmond , housed offices of the Confederacy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8146a9e7fd4aca78a0b74d3fe10ffed", "text": "American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) . `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky . Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . '' Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class . In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8d7caea882f2ee2da9c07081dd8c96f", "text": "Dr. Ward Beebe House The Dr. Ward Beebe House , also known as the John Leuthold Residence , is a three-story stucco prairie house built by Dr. Ward and Bess Beebe and designed by Purcell and Elmslie in 1912 . Purcell and Elmslie were prolific designers of prairie style homes . It is located in the West Summit Avenue Historic District , in Saint Paul , Minnesota , United States . Dr. Ward Beebe was a bacteriologist , and the house was built for him and his wife Bess as a wedding present from her parents . The Beebe house is the firm 's only house in Saint Paul , and includes some elements from English Arts and Crafts design as well as the Prairie Style . Purcell and Elmslie designed the primary rooms with good views , since the Summit Avenue location was important . Purcell was quoted as saying , `` At the time ... it was one of the most talked about residential streets in America , broad and with beautiful trees ; the views up and down the street were valued . So the unusual corner windows looking both ways from the living room were accepted as a fine response toward a choice and expensive location . '' The house has a large cross-gabled roof with deep eaves , giving it a broader look than its narrow structure would otherwise indicate . On the inside , the living room and the dining room are centered around a hearth and have no walls between them , similar to the Dr. Oscar Owre House in Minneapolis . The firm preferred to avoid building walls in first-floor living areas so they could increase the sense of space . The second floor has three bedrooms , a bathroom , and a tiny library sitting room with bay windows and a window seat . Elmslie also designed detailed art glass insets for the bookcases near the entrance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b249d047e36b669cfade0f26ccf5348", "text": "Congress Plaza Hotel The Congress Plaza Hotel is located on South Michigan Avenue across from Grant Park in Chicago at 520 South Michigan Avenue . After opening for business in 1893 , for the World 's Columbian Exposition , the hotel underwent two major expansions and renovations ; it now features 871 guest rooms and suites . Its 11 story edifice was originally designed by architect Clinton J. Warren as an annex to the Auditorium Theater across the street . The two buildings were linked by a marble-lined underground passage called Peacock Alley . In 1902 and then in 1907 , the firm of Holabird & Roche oversaw the design and construction of two additions , bringing the total complex up to 1 million square feet . In June , 1912 , Theodore Roosevelt stayed at the Congress Plaza when the 1912 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago . Roosevelt , who at that time was seeking the Republican nomination for President , spoke from the balcony of his room at the hotel to a crowd assembled across the street in Grant Park . In October 1916 , US President Woodrow Wilson passed the hotel as part of his visit to the city . Over a hundred protestors from the National Women 's Party demonstrated in favor of women 's suffrage with a silent protest . Holding banners such as `` Wilson is Against Women , '' the demonstrators were attacked by a mob and their banners destroyed while police looked on and , in some cases , laughed , according to newspaper reports . In 1940 , Louis Grell ( 1887-1960 ) , a Chicago-based artist , was commissioned to paint thirteen murals for the lunettes that are an architectural feature surrounding the grand lobby . The murals were various popular scenes around Chicago at the time . Under the Albert Pick Jr ownership in 1952 , Grell was again commissioned to paint the same architectural lunettes , this time Grell incorporated Chicago figures into the scenes depicting important trades significant to Chicago 's growth and symbolism . Lady Liberty was found in one mural holding the Chicago River `` Y '' on her lap . Additionally , in 1955 Pick commissioned Grell once again , during one of the many renovations , to paint three walls for the newly decorated Pompeian Room which also had a magnificent Louis Comfort Tiffany glass fountain in the center of the vast room . Today glass covers the thirteen lunettes where the murals could be hiding . Grell also painted a large white Peacock that was mounted above the bar next to Peacock Alley . Each wall had a main central Greek/Roman mural , however , Grell decorated the entire wall with various patterns of flora and custom design . Taos Society of Artists painter , E. Martin Hennings painted the ceiling murals inside the Florentine Room around 1918 . The hotel closed for a period in World War II and was used as a training school by the U.S. Army Air Forces . It reopened for civilian use in time for the summer political conventions of 1944 . At this time , John J. Mack was president of the Michigan-Congress Hotel Corporation . Events that have been held at the hotel include the 1963 Prohibition Party National Convention August 23 , 1963 . The hotel is not affiliated with any national chain . It is owned by a Syrian national , Albert Nasser Shayo , who purchased the property in 1987 . On 15 June 2003 , about 130 members of UNITE HERE Local 1 went on strike to protest a proposed seven percent wage cut . On 16 June 2007 , Barack Obama , then running for the presidency , briefly stood by the picket line and promised to return as president , but he did not . The strike , one of the world 's longest , ended May 30 , 2013 after nearly 10 years . No concessions were given by management .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a81e09293c7fe0a6c6213284db390ebd", "text": "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump This is a list of presidential trips made by Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States . This list excludes trips made within Washington , D.C. , the U.S. federal capital in which the White House , the official residence and principal workplace of the President , is located . Also excluded are trips to Camp David , the country residence of the President , and to the private home of the Trump family in Trump Tower , New York City . International trips are included .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c0f2ecd76d1b065ae7de5f7e6af4c48", "text": "Old Parliament House, Canberra Old Parliament House , known formerly as the Provisional Parliament House , was the seat of the Parliament of Australia from 1927 to 1988 . The building began operation on 9 May 1927 after Parliament 's relocation from Melbourne to the new capital , Canberra . In 1988 , the Commonwealth Parliament transferred to the new Parliament House on Capital Hill . It also serves as a venue for temporary exhibitions , lectures and concerts . On 2 May 2008 it was made an Executive Agency of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet . On 9 May 2009 , the Executive Agency was renamed the Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House , reporting to the Special Minister of State . Designed by John Smith Murdoch and a team of assistants from the Department of Works and Railways , the building was intended to be neither temporary nor permanent -- only to be a `` provisional '' building that would serve the needs of Parliament for a maximum of 50 years . The design extended from the building to include its gardens , décor and furnishings . The building is in the Simplified or `` Stripped '' Classical Style , commonly used for Australian government buildings constructed in Canberra during the 1920s and 1930s . It does not include such classical architectural elements as columns , entablatures or pediments , but does have the orderliness and symmetry associated with neoclassical architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9a9fd0a8b0581115313ee7294134948", "text": "Lincoln Bedroom The Lincoln Bedroom is a bedroom which is part of a guest suite located in the southeast corner of the second floor of the White House in Washington , D.C. . The Lincoln Sitting Room makes up the other part of the suite . The room is named for President Abraham Lincoln , who used the room as an office . The first room in the White House to carry the name `` Lincoln Bedroom '' was in the northwest corner of the White House . It existed from 1929 until the 1961 , when First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy transformed it into the President 's Dining Room .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4475d7b2a7494593a1188209b70ad4db", "text": "United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which , along with the United States House of Representatives , the lower chamber , composes the legislature of the United States of America . The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators who represent each of the several states , with each state being equally represented by two senators , regardless of their population , serving staggered terms of six years ; with fifty states presently in the Union , there are 100 U.S. Senators . From 1789 until 1913 , Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , they are now popularly elected . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol , in Washington , D.C. As the upper house , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it ; these include the ratification of treaties , the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , other federal executive officials , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for Vice President , the duty befalls upon the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere . The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States , who is President of the Senate ; in their absence , the President Pro Tempore , who is customarily the senior member of the controlling party , presides over the Senate . In the early 20th century , the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began , although they are not constitutional officers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52fa86d61035f97e37a314192d2f37e4", "text": "List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2014 This is a list of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2014 , the sixth year of his presidency as the 44th President of the United States . This list excludes trips made within Washington , D.C. , the U.S. federal capital in which the White House , the official residence and principal workplace of the President , is located . Additionally excluded are trips to Camp David , the country residence of the President , and to the private home of the Obama family in Kenwood , Chicago .", "title": "" } ]	fever
426650c83c7240689e507c55b1481eb9	The Republic of Zambia is bordered to the east by Malawi.	[ { "docid": "e261763ad4076cd5d08f67057e93f725", "text": "Zambia Zambia ( -LSB- ˈzæmbiə -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zambia , is a landlocked country in Southern Africa , neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Tanzania to the north-east , Malawi to the east , Mozambique , Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia to the south , and Angola to the west . The capital city is Lusaka , in the south-central part of Zambia . The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest , the core economic hubs of the country . Originally inhabited by Khoisan peoples , the region was affected by the Bantu expansion of the thirteenth century . After visits by European explorers in the eighteenth century , Zambia became the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia towards the end of the nineteenth century . For most of the colonial period , Zambia was governed by an administration appointed from London with the advice of the British South Africa Company . On 24 October 1964 , Zambia became independent of the United Kingdom and prime minister Kenneth Kaunda became the inaugural president . Kaunda 's socialist United National Independence Party ( UNIP ) maintained power from 1964 until 1991 . Kaunda played a key role in regional diplomacy , cooperating closely with the United States in search of solutions to conflicts in Rhodesia ( Zimbabwe ) , Angola , and Namibia . From 1972 to 1991 Zambia was a one-party state with the UNIP as the sole legal political party under the motto `` One Zambia , One Nation '' . Kaunda was succeeded by Frederick Chiluba of the social-democratic Movement for Multi-Party Democracy in 1991 , beginning a period of social-economic growth and government decentralisation . Levy Mwanawasa , Chiluba 's chosen successor , presided over Zambia from January 2002 until his death in August 2008 , and is credited with campaigns to reduce corruption and increase the standard of living . After Mwanawasa 's death , Rupiah Banda presided as Acting President before being elected President in 2008 . Holding office for only three years , Banda stepped down after his defeat in the 2011 elections by Patriotic Front party leader Michael Sata . Sata died on 28 October 2014 , the second Zambian president to die in office . Guy Scott served briefly as interim president until new elections were held on 20 January 2015 , in which Edgar Lungu was elected as the sixth President . In 2010 , the World Bank named Zambia one of the world 's fastest economically reformed countries . The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) is headquartered in Lusaka .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e57e5cdcecb6b7ed67637bbff362afc2", "text": "Mozambique Mozambique ( -LSB- moʊzæmˈbiːk -RSB- or -LSB- mɔːzæmˈbiːk -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Mozambique ( Moçambique or República de Moçambique , -LSB- rɛˈpublikɐ dɨ musɐ̃ˈbikɨ -RSB- ) is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east , Tanzania to the north , Malawi and Zambia to the northwest , Zimbabwe to the west , and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest . It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east . The capital and largest city is Maputo ( known as `` Lourenço Marques '' before independence ) . Between the 1st and 5th centuries AD , Bantu-speaking peoples migrated from farther north and west . Swahili ( and later Arab ) commercial ports existed along the coasts until the arrival of Europeans . The area was explored by Vasco da Gama in 1498 and colonised by Portugal from 1505 . The country was an important place where Somali merchants enslaved the local population , starting what is now known as the Somali slave trade . After over four centuries of Portuguese rule , Mozambique gained independence in 1975 , becoming the People 's Republic of Mozambique shortly thereafter . After only two years of independence , the country descended into an intense and protracted civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992 . In 1994 , Mozambique held its first multiparty elections and has remained a relatively stable presidential republic . However , since 2013 , following more than 20 years of peace , a renewed insurgency by RENAMO has been occurring . Mozambique is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped countries in the world . Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources . The country 's economy is based largely on agriculture , but industry is growing , mainly food and beverages , chemical manufacturing , and aluminium and petroleum production . The country 's tourism sector is also growing . South Africa is Mozambique 's main trading partner and source of foreign direct investment . Belgium , Brazil , Portugal , and Spain are also among the country 's most important economic partners . Since 2001 , Mozambique 's annual average GDP growth has been among the world 's highest . However , the country ranks among the lowest in GDP per capita , human development , measures of inequality , and average life expectancy . The only official language of Mozambique is Portuguese , which is spoken mostly as a second language by about half of the population . Common native languages include Makhuwa , Sena , and Swahili . The country 's population of around 24 million is composed overwhelmingly of Bantu people . The largest religion in Mozambique is Christianity , with significant minorities following Islam and African traditional religions . Mozambique is a member of the African Union , the Commonwealth of Nations , the Community of Portuguese Language Countries , the Latin Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , and the Southern African Development Community , and is an observer at La Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f080e4ef7d3f87dfafa68c0bdd2e464", "text": "Malawi (Commonwealth realm) Malawi was a predecessor to the modern-day Republic of Malawi . It existed between 1964 and 1966 . When British rule ended in 1964 , by the Malawi Independence Act 1964 , the Nyasaland Protectorate , formerly a constituent of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland , became an independent Commonwealth realm . The British monarch was head of state . Malawi shared the sovereign , Queen Elizabeth II , with the other Commonwealth realms . The monarch 's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Malawi , Sir Glyn Smallwood Jones ( 6 July 1964 -- 6 July 1966 ) . The royal succession was governed by the same rules as the succession to the British throne . Elizabeth II did not reside in or visit Malawi in the 1960s but she did visit in 1979 ( 22 -- 25 July ) as Head of the Commonwealth . Hastings Banda held office as prime minister ( and head of government ) of Malawi during this period . Following the abolition of the monarchy , the Republic of Malawi came into existence on 6 July 1966 and Banda became the first President of Malawi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40024b711ac29ba3b569a1b1a77cfa53", "text": "Outline of Zimbabwe The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Zimbabwe : Zimbabwe -- landlocked sovereign country located in Southern Africa , between the Zambezi River and Limpopo River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "858e93c0d04a6521eff3b87ca4b8a9b4", "text": "Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ( -LSB- zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country . The capital and largest city is Harare . A country of roughly 13 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used . Since the 11th century , present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade . The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s ; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923 . In 1965 , the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia . The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces ; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty in April 1980 . Zimbabwe then rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations -- which it withdrew from in 2003 . It is a member of the United Nations , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) . Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980 , when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule ; he has been the president of Zimbabwe since 1987 . Under Mugabe 's authoritarian regime , the state security apparatus has dominated the country and been responsible for widespread human rights violations . Mugabe has maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric from the Cold War era , blaming Zimbabwe 's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries , while still executing conservative policies . Burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials , contemporary African political leaders have been reluctant to criticise Mugabe , though Archbishop Desmond Tutu has called him `` a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db939c34c03ab8c6186f9d9d06f4c910", "text": "United States–Zambia relations The diplomatic relationship between the United States of America and Zambia can be characterized as warm and cooperative . Several U.S. administrations cooperated closely with Zambia 's first president , Kenneth Kaunda , in hopes of facilitating solutions to the conflicts in Rhodesia ( Zimbabwe ) , Angola , and Namibia . The United States works closely with the Zambian Government to defeat the HIV/AIDS pandemic that is ravaging Zambia , to promote economic growth and development , and to effect political reform needed to promote responsive and responsible government . The United States is also supporting the government 's efforts to root out corruption . Zambia is a beneficiary of the African Growth and Opportunity Act ( AGOA ) . The U.S. Government provides a variety of technical assistance and other support that is managed by the Department of State , U.S. Agency for International Development , Millennium Challenge Account ( MCA ) Threshold Program , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Department of Treasury , Department of Defense , and Peace Corps . The majority of U.S. assistance is provided through the President 's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief ( PEPFAR ) , in support of the fight against HIV/AIDS . In addition to supporting development projects , the United States has provided considerable emergency food aid during periods of drought and flooding through the World Food Program ( WFP ) and is a major contributor to refugee programs in Zambia through the UN High Commission for Refugees and other agencies . According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report , 59 % of Zambians approve of U.S. leadership , with 30 % disapproving and 11 % uncertain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "949adc56e96683ef591cbc1deef2b97a", "text": "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence The Unilateral Declaration of Independence ( UDI ) was a statement adopted by the Cabinet of Rhodesia on 11 November 1965 , announcing that Rhodesia , a British territory in southern Africa that had governed itself since 1923 , now regarded itself as an independent sovereign state . The culmination of a protracted dispute between the British and Rhodesian governments regarding the terms under which the latter could become fully independent , it was the first unilateral break from the United Kingdom by one of its colonies since the United States Declaration of Independence nearly two centuries before . Britain , the Commonwealth and the United Nations all deemed Rhodesia 's UDI illegal , and economic sanctions , the first in the UN 's history , were imposed on the breakaway colony . Amid near-complete international isolation , Rhodesia continued as an unrecognised state with the assistance of South Africa and Portugal . The Rhodesian government , which mostly comprised members of the country 's white minority of about 5 % , was indignant when , amid decolonisation and the Wind of Change , less developed African colonies to the north without comparable experience of self-rule quickly advanced to independence during the early 1960s while Rhodesia was refused sovereignty under the newly ascendant principle of `` no independence before majority rule '' ( `` NIBMAR '' ) . Most white Rhodesians felt that they were due independence following four decades ' self-government , and that Britain was betraying them by withholding it . This combined with the colonial government 's acute reluctance to hand over power to black nationalists -- the manifestation of racial tensions , Cold War anti-communism and the fear that a dystopian Congo-style situation might result -- to create the impression that if Britain did not grant independence , Rhodesia might be justified in taking it unilaterally . Stalemate developed between the British and Rhodesian Prime Ministers , Harold Wilson and Ian Smith respectively , between 1964 and 1965 . Dispute largely surrounded the British condition that the terms for independence had to be acceptable `` to the people of the country as a whole '' ; Smith contended that this was met , while Britain and black nationalist leaders in Rhodesia held that it was not . After Wilson proposed in late October 1965 that Britain might safeguard future black representation in the Rhodesian parliament by withdrawing some of the colonial government 's devolved powers , then presented terms for an investigatory Royal Commission that the Rhodesians found unacceptable , Smith and his Cabinet declared independence . Calling this treasonous , the British colonial Governor Sir Humphrey Gibbs formally dismissed Smith and his government , but they ignored him and appointed an `` Officer Administering the Government '' to take his place . While no country recognised UDI , the Rhodesian High Court deemed the post-UDI government legal and de jure in 1968 . The Smith administration initially professed continued loyalty to Queen Elizabeth II , but abandoned this in 1970 when it declared a republic in an unsuccessful attempt to win foreign recognition . The Rhodesian Bush War , a guerrilla conflict between the government and two rival communist-backed black nationalist groups , began in earnest two years later , and after several attempts to end the war Smith agreed the Internal Settlement with non-militant nationalists in 1978 . Under these terms the country was reconstituted under black rule as Zimbabwe Rhodesia in June 1979 , but this new order was rejected by the guerrillas and the international community . The Bush War continued until Zimbabwe Rhodesia revoked UDI as part of the Lancaster House Agreement in December 1979 . Following a brief period of direct British rule , the country was granted internationally recognised independence under the name Zimbabwe in 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c73df2c3a9e4b10ac9410635e542930e", "text": "List of African Great Lakes kingdoms The African Great Lakes kingdoms refers to the numerous historic kingdoms in the African Great Lakes region . These polities existed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , and had similar and yet sometimes distinct cultures , values and traditions . The Great Lakes kingdoms were found in Southeast Africa and some parts of Central Africa , in what is present-day northwest Tanzania , south Uganda , some parts of Rwanda , and Eastern Congo . Buganda Bunyoro Burundi Busoga Buvinza Buyungu Buzinza Gisaka Heru Igara Ihangiro Karagwe Kimwani Kiziba Kyamutwara Kyania Mpororo Mubari Muhambwe Nkore Rwanda Ruguru Rusubi Toro", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb0a54b67b8dfb59d6c2f8c358ad612", "text": "Sumbawanga Sumbawanga is a city located in western Tanzania . It is the capital of Rukwa Region . The regional population is approximately 150,000 based on a 2002 census . Sumbawanga lies in the territory of the Wafipa Fipa tribe and so many people speak Kifipa , as well as Kiswahili , the most widely used language of Tanzania . The name of the town literally translates as `` throw away your witchcraft '' , thought to be a warning from local spiritual `` healers '' to any bringing in superstitions and practices relating to spiritual healers from other areas ; there are still some healers who practice both in town and in the surrounding smaller villages on the plateau . The town has the largest hospital in the region , Rukwa General Hospital , which is government funded , as well as the smaller Dr. Atiman Hospital administrated and run by the Catholic Diocese of Sumbawanga . The town acts as a supply and commercial center for the Rukwa Region and some governmental agencies are to be found there , notably the transport department for the region . Sumbawanga has both Libori and Moravian conference centres . A modest-size market is in the town centre where local produce may be found . This includes maize , rice , fruit , poultry and fish ( from Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa ) . Many imported plastic goods and electronics are available as well as bicycles and spares . Although there are several fuel outlets , supply can be quite erratic because of the difficulties of transport from the coast . The local economy is largely dependent on agriculture and small locally owned businesses . There is very limited industry or production in the town . Significant improvement could be expected if the road to Mbeya was sealed to enable reliable all-weather access year round . This road , and its continuation north to Mpanda and Tabora or Kigoma , can become impassable at the height of the wet season ( Feb-Mar ) . The Tanzanian government does have contracts in place for upgrading large sections of these roads . The town can be reached by flights operated by Auric Air or by bus from Mbeya which lies to the south with train links to the town of Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia , to Dar es Salaam . Rail is also available through Tabora from Mpanda in the north . Mpanda also has an airport with a 2km sealed runway . Sumbawanga has many schools and colleges , including Chem Chem Secondary School , Sumbawanga Secondary School , St. Aggrey Chanji High School , Mazwi Secondary School , St. Aggrey Teaching College , Musoma Utalii College , and Chem Chem Teaching College .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc602c0c7ac818768f13dc0dff12698b", "text": "List of companies of the Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo is a country located in Central Africa . It is bordered by Gabon , Cameroon , the Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda . In the early 1980s , rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5 % annually , one of the highest rates in Africa . The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings , contributing to a shortage of revenues . The January 12 , 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50 % resulted in inflation of 46 % in 1994 , but inflation has subsided since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51cd89123bb76bb8b9e36d668bb1774c", "text": "Kazungula, Zimbabwe Kazungula is a small border post settlement in Matabeleland North , Zimbabwe close to Botswana , Namibia and Zambia . Just to the west is the Botswana border village of Kazungula , from where there is a ferry service for vehicles across the Zambezi River to the town in Zambia also called Kazungula . Kazungula is linked by a tarred road to Victoria Falls , 70 km east .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ac24fba5b4f23a54dd74748c2171de5", "text": "India–Zambia relations India -- Zambia relations are bilateral diplomatic relations between India and Zambia . India maintains a High Commission in Lusaka that is concurrently accredited to Malawi while Zambia has a High Commission in New Delhi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "188be920bf9234e8c666830e8f7a2606", "text": "List of companies of Tanzania Tanzania is a large country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region . Parts of the country are in Southern Africa . It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north ; Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Zambia , Malawi , and Mozambique to the south ; and by the Indian Ocean to the east . Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . The country has the second largest economy in the East African Community and the twelfth largest in Africa . It is largely dependent on agriculture for employment , accounting for about half of the employed workforce . An estimated 34 percent of Tanzanians currently live in poverty . The economy has been transitioning from a command economy to a market economy since 1985 . Although total GDP has increased since these reforms began , GDP per capita dropped sharply at first , and only exceeded the pre-transition figure in around 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ac4c3ea5460af1c6307969e26771ae", "text": "West Lunga National Park West Lunga National Park is a remote wildlife haven in dense forest in the North-Western Province of Zambia . It lies between the West Lunga River and Kabompo River about 10 km north of the gravel road from Solwezi to Kabompo , and covers about 1700 km ² . The national park is the only one in Zambia covered by forest , categorised in the small Cryptosepalum dry forests ecoregion , which exists only in a few patches in the south west of the province extending a little over the border into Angola . Cryptosepalum trees ( called `` mukwe '' locally ) are evergreen and grow densely with a closed canopy . The ecoregion forms the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone . Although the rainfall in the area is quite high ( above 1,000 mm per year ) the soils are sandy and well drained so apart from the rivers there is a lack of surface water . A few patches of Miombo woodland and grassland also exist in the park . The park lacks management , facilities , and roads . There is no accommodation and no towns nearby , visitors must be completely self-sufficient . ( The Zambia Tourism website does not even mention the park . ) It is reached by a dirt track from the main road to the park gate and base at Jivundu in its south-west . The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low in the region , and despite some poaching and the absence of protection , the forest is believed to be still fairly rich in wildlife . Smaller forest mammals such as duiker and bushpigs live there , and recent reports also mention puku , hippopotami , Nile crocodiles , vervet monkeys , and yellow baboons . The game guards say there are buffalo , roan antelopes , sable antelopes , Lichtenstein 's hartebeests , impalas , elands , and elephants . As of September 2008 , African Parks Network ( also known as African Parks Foundation or African Parks Conservation ) from The Netherlands concluded an agreement for the management of West Lunga National Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89667fda890cadbc24a132d89a9b1e98", "text": "Geography of Botswana Botswana is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa , north of South Africa . Botswana occupies an area of 581730 km2 , of which 566730 km2 are land . Botswana has land boundaries of combined length 4347.15 km , of which the constituent boundaries are shared with Namibia , for 1544 km ; South Africa 1969 km ; Zimbabwe , 834 km and Zambia , 0.15 km . Much of the population of Botswana is concentrated in the eastern part of the country . Sunshine totals are high all year round although winter is the sunniest period . The whole country is windy and dusty during the dry season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd6dec529ade605ff46c5a06ee098eae", "text": "Postage stamps and postal history of Uganda This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Uganda . Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa . It is bordered on the east by Kenya , on the north by South Sudan , on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo , on the southwest by Rwanda , and on the south by Tanzania . The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria , which is also bordered by Kenya and Tanzania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e055da0a3459f109c7fe14bcf0062a5", "text": "Mwanda Peak Mwanda Peak is the highest topographical point in the border of Zambia . It is located near the border with Malawi in the thin northeastern arm of Eastern Province , and sits in the Nyika Plateau .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54388d561ae7951394d37308cd5f31c9", "text": "Foreign relations of Zimbabwe The foreign relations of Zimbabwe emphasize a close relationship with the People 's Republic of China and South Africa , nations with close economic ties to Zimbabwe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ae0d3c147b2b082f26a35cf3dc9f222", "text": "Central Corridor (Africa) The Central Corridor is a transport and trading route located in East and Central Africa . Its end point is the Tanzanian port city of Dar es Salaam , where it connects to the rest of the world via shipping . From Dar es Salaam , the corridor runs inland , serving the Tanzanian interior including its capital Dodoma and second city of Mwanza , as well as landlocked Rwanda and Burundi , and the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The Central Corridor provides an alternative route to the ocean from Rwandan , Burundi and the DRC from the higher traffic Northern Corridor , which runs through Uganda and Kenya to the port of Mombasa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6faf21cf7dfb6678b31caf4c9c722cc0", "text": "White settlement in Zimbabwe before 1923 White people first came to the region in southern Africa today called Zimbabwe in the 16th century , when Portuguese colonials ventured inland from Mozambique and attacked the Kingdom of Mutapa , which then controlled an area roughly equivalent to eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique . Portuguese influence over Mutapa endured for about two centuries before fading away during the 1690s and early 1700s ( decade ) . During the 1880s and 1890s , the British South Africa Company initiated colonisation by whites , backed by a royal charter from Britain 's Queen Victoria : company rule over the country began in 1890 , when the Pioneer Column marched to Mashonaland , founded Fort Salisbury and settled in the area . The company domain was named `` Rhodesia '' after its founder , Cecil Rhodes , in 1895 ; the portion south of the Zambezi became officially called Southern Rhodesia in 1898 . Concurrently with the expiry of the company 's charter in 1923 , Southern Rhodesia was granted responsible government by Britain , and became a self-governing colony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e328fcc667f5039a0bb6ed62c31b4d", "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world . The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south . Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed . The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .", "title": "" } ]	fever
57051ce2978b8b820721c2f48022d1a9	Buddhism is a dharma.	[ { "docid": "ba577d5ea842ee8e6a259463e2be3a49", "text": "Buddhism Buddhism ( -LSB- pronˈbʊdɪzəm -RSB- or -LSB- ˈbuːdɪzəm -RSB- ) is an Indian religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha . Buddhism originated in Ancient India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE , from where it spread through much of Asia , whereafter it declined in India during the middle ages . Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars : Theravada ( Pali : `` The School of the Elders '' ) and Mahayana ( Sanskrit : `` The Great Vehicle '' ) . Buddhism is the world 's fourth-largest religion , with over 500 million followers or 7 % of the global population , known as Buddhists . Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation , the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures , and especially their respective practices . Practices of Buddhism include taking refuge in the Buddha , the Dharma and the Sangha , study of scriptures , observance of moral precepts , renunciation of craving and attachment , the practice of meditation ( including calm and insight ) , the cultivation of wisdom , loving-kindness and compassion , the Mahayana practice of bodhicitta and the Vajrayana practices of generation stage and completion stage . In Theravada the ultimate goal is the cessation of the kleshas and the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana , achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path ( also known as the Middle Way ) , thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth . Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia . Mahayana , which includes the traditions of Pure Land , Zen , Nichiren Buddhism , Shingon and Tiantai ( Tendai ) , is found throughout East Asia . Rather than Nirvana , Mahayana instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path , a state wherein one remains in the cycle of rebirth to help other beings reach awakening . Vajrayana , a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas , may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana . Tibetan Buddhism , which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India , is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas , Mongolia and Kalmykia . Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "131bc23040c5fe9780b9a99f20a66cb8", "text": "Nekkhamma Nekkhamma ( Sanskrit : नैष्काम्य ) is a Pali word generally translated as `` renunciation '' or `` the pleasure of renunciation '' while also conveying more specifically `` giving up the world and leading a holy life '' or `` freedom from lust , craving and desires . '' In Buddhism 's Noble Eightfold Path , nekkhamma is the first practice associated with `` Right Intention . '' In the Theravada list of ten perfections , nekkhamma is the third practice of `` perfection . '' It involves non-attachment ( detachment ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57a3aec9dd5180386a503ca95db0180d", "text": "Naraka (Buddhism) Naraka ( नरक निरय Niraya ) is a term in Buddhist cosmology usually referred to in English as `` hell '' ( or `` hell realm '' ) or `` purgatory '' . The Narakas of Buddhism are closely related to diyu , the hell in Chinese mythology . A Naraka differs from the hell of Christianity in two respects : firstly , beings are not sent to Naraka as the result of a divine judgment or punishment ; and secondly , the length of a being 's stay in a Naraka is not eternal , though it is usually extremely long , as measured in many millions or billions of years . A being is born into a Naraka as a direct result of his or her accumulated actions ( karma ) and resides there for a finite period of time until that karma has achieved its full result . After his or her karma is used up , he or she will be reborn in one of the higher worlds as the result of karma that had not yet ripened . In the Devaduta Sutta , the 130th discourse of Majjhima Nikaya , the Buddha teaches about hell in vivid detail . Physically , Narakas are thought of as a series of cavernous layers which extend below Jambudvīpa ( the ordinary human world ) into the earth . There are several schemes for enumerating these Narakas and describing their torments . The Abhidharma-kosa ( Treasure House of Higher Knowledge ) is the root text that describes the most common scheme , as the Eight Cold Narakas and Eight Hot Narakas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "093f93c003904b17af00994323512dec", "text": "Satya Mahima Dharma Satya Mahima Dharma ( the `` dharma of the divine glory '' ) is a religious tradition in Hinduism , from Orissa . It goes back to a historic person called Mahima Svami ( or Mahima Gosain ) . He is said to have appeared in Puri in 1826 . Dissatisfied with the ritualised idol worship of Lord Jagannath , he left Puri and travelled to the Kapilas hills near Dhenkanal , where he engaged himself in severe Yogic practices . In 1862 , he became a siddha and started preaching a new dharma . He is said to have attained samadhi in 1876 . Under his first disciple , Govinda Baba , and the dissident saint poet Bhima Bhoi , the movement shifted away from the coastal region towards the central and western parts of Odisha . Spreading also to other states ( Madhya Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh , West Bengal , Assam ) , people from different regions and sociocultural backgrounds joined as followers . Since then , several monastic as well as lay currents and competing associations emerged and various regional centres ( Joranda , Khaliapali ) have been established . Mahima Dharma is a popular ascetic movement which considers the void , shunya , as the divine principle , opposing as such any idol worship . The void can only be venerated through fire , or its manifestation in the Sun , traits which link Mahima Dharma to the nirguna bhakti tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a92d29d703cbd0e3aaf5497697b2b28", "text": "Dhamma Practitioner A Dhamma Practitioner is a name that is used to describe those who practice the teachings of the Buddha . It is used as an alternative to the widely used but vaguely defined term Buddhist . Dhamma practitioner is seen by many as a more accurate description for those who practice the Buddha 's teachings , and more fitting with classification schemes given in the Pali Canon . In contrast , the terms Buddhist and Buddhism are relatively recent inventions that some see as a Westernized framing of the teachings of the Buddha in terms fitting for religions such as Christianity , and not words that have an equivalent in the teachings of the Buddha . In the earliest sources , the Buddha himself referred to his teaching as the `` Dhamma and Discipline proclaimed by the Tathagata '' . Due to these reasons and the fact that the Buddha 's teachings are strongly rooted in practical application , the term Dhamma Practitioner has been used by many teachers as a description of those on the Buddha 's path .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d51b04996983558d08f2f37690c5095", "text": "History of the Thai Forest Tradition The Kammatthana meditation tradition originally grew out of the Dhammayut reform movement , founded by Mongkut in the 1820s as an attempt to raise the bar for what was perceived as the `` lax '' Buddhist practice of the regional Buddhist traditions at the time . Mongkut 's reforms were originally focused on scriptural study of the earliest extant Buddhist texts , revival of the dhutanga ascetic practices , and close adherence to the Buddhist Monastic Code ( Pali : vinaya ) . However , the Dhammayut began to have an increasing emphasis on meditation as the 19th century progressed . During this time , a newly ordained Ajahn Mun Bhuridatto went to stay with Ajahn Sao Kantasilo , who was then the abbot of a small meditation-oriented monastery on the outskirts of Ubon Ratchathani , a province in the predominantly Lao-speaking cultural region of Northeast Thailand known as Isan . Ajahn Mun learned from Ajahn Sao in the late 19th century , where he studied amidst the growing meditation culture in Isan 's Dhammayut monasteries as a result of Mongkut 's reforms a half-century earlier . Wandering the rural frontier of Northeast Thailand with Ajahn Sao in rigorous ascetic practices ( Pali : dhutanga ; Thai : tudong ) . Ajahn Mun traveled abroad to neighboring regions for a time , hoping to reach levels of meditative adeptness known as the noble attainments ( Pali : ariya-phala ) , which culminate in the experience of Nirvana -- the final goal of a Theravada Buddhist practitioner . After more than two decades of intense meditation and ascetic practice , Ajahn Mun would return to Ubon Ratchathani in 1915 , claiming to have found the noble attainments . Word spread in the region , and monks came to study from Ajahn Mun , wishing to put his claims to the test ; though the assertions that he had found the noble attainments were not universally received at the time -- families were often divided over whether or not Ajahn Mun had attained sainthood . During this period , Mongkut 's successor Chulalongkorn ( Rama V of Siam ) had consolidated power in Bangkok , and implemented a wave of educational reforms which emphasized the role of the Thai clergy as educators . Dhammayut monks -- which included Ajahn Mun and Ajahn Sao and their students -- were drafted to teach a new monastic curriculum that had been infused with Western principles in an effort to prevent the encroachment of Christian missionaries , and to prevent Thailand from being colonized by a Western empire . Thailand would successfully prevent colonization ; however , Ajahn Mun and Sao 's students would continue to evade authorities ' attempts to assign them to monasteries and prevent them from practicing in the forest . Beginning in the 1950s though , the tradition would gain respect among the urbanities in Bangkok , and receive widespread acceptance among the Thai Sangha . Many of the Ajahns were nationally venerated by Thai Buddhists , who regarded them as arahants . Because of their reputations , the Ajahns have become the subject of a cultural fixation on sacralized objects believed among lay followers to offer supernatural protection . This cultural fixation was referred to by social anthropologist Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah as a cult of amulets , which he described during a field study in the 1970s as `` a traditional preoccupation now reaching the pitch of fetishistic obsession '' . During this time , the tradition found a significant following in the West ; particularly among the students of Ajahn Chah Subhatto , a forest teacher who studied with a group of monks in the Mahanikai -- the other of Thailand 's two monastic orders alongside the Dhammayut -- many of whom remained loyal to their Mahanikai pedigree in spite of their interest in Ajahn Mun 's teachings . However , in the final decades of the 20th century the tradition experienced a crisis when the majority of Thailand 's rainforests were clear cut . Because of this , the Forest Tradition in early 21st century Thailand has been characterized by a struggle to preserve the remaining forested lands in Thailand for Buddhist practice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60a38f7da8775631bf6abfedd8a9367b", "text": "Dhyāna in Buddhism Dhyāna ( Sanskrit ) or Jhāna ( Pali ) , commonly translated as meditation , is a state of no mind . It is used in Buddhism , Hinduism and Jainism . In Buddhism , it is a series of cultivated states of mind , which lead to `` state of perfect equanimity and awareness ( upekkhii-sati-piirisuddhl ) . '' Dhyana may have been the core practice of pre-sectarian Buddhism , but became appended with other forms of meditation throughout its development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1da497e108ebca92269c98445eb5d758", "text": "Samaya The samaya ( , Japanese and , sanmaya-kai , Sānmóyéjiè ) , is a set of vows or precepts given to initiates of an esoteric Vajrayana Buddhist order as part of the abhiṣeka ( empowerment or initiation ) ceremony that creates a bond between the guru and disciple . According to Keown , et al. , Samaya may be defined as : A particular system of teaching or doctrines ; The conduct required of a tantric practitioner , often as a set of vows or commitments ; The realization ( abhisamaya ) of Buddhahood ; In Tantric Buddhism , union with the Three Vajras , the body , speech and mind of the Buddha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8750243599a0c7bb1bc1f5d3edf42258", "text": "Buddhist calendar The Buddhist calendar ( Sāsanā Sakaraj သ သန တ သက ရ ဇ , -LSB- θàðənà θɛʔkəɹɪʔ -RSB- ព ទ ធសករ ជ Sinhala : බ ද ධ වර ෂ or ස සන වර ෂ ( Buddha Varsha or Sāsana Varsha ) ) is a set of lunisolar calendars primarily used in mainland Southeast Asian countries of Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar and Thailand as well as in Sri Lanka for religious or official occasions . While the calendars share a common lineage , they also have minor but important variations such as intercalation schedules , month names and numbering , use of cycles , etc. . In Thailand , the name Buddhist Era is a year numbering system shared by the traditional Thai lunisolar calendar and by the Thai solar calendar . The Southeast Asian lunisolar calendars are largely based on an older version of the Hindu calendar , which uses the sidereal year as the solar year . One major difference is that the Southeast Asian systems , unlike their Indian cousins , do not use apparent reckoning to stay in sync with the sidereal year . Instead , they employ their versions of the Metonic cycle . However , since the Metonic cycle is not very accurate for sidereal years , the Southeast Asian calendar is slowly drifting out of sync with the sidereal , approximately one day every 100 years . Yet no coordinated structural reforms of the lunisolar calendar have been undertaken . Today , the traditional Buddhist lunisolar calendar is used mainly for Theravada Buddhist ထရဝ ဒဗ ဒၶဘ သ festivals , and no longer has the official calendar status anywhere . The Thai Buddhist Era , a renumbered Gregorian calendar , is the official calendar in Thailand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86216c87dab3b74fb7499cd9a880381f", "text": "Lineage (Buddhism) A lineage in Buddhism is a line of transmission of the Buddhist teaching that is `` theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself . '' The acknowledgement of the transmission can be oral , or certified in documents . Several branches of Buddhism , including Chan ( including Zen and Seon ) and Tibetan Buddhism maintain records of their historical teachers . These records serve as a validation for the living exponents of the tradition . The historical authenticity of Buddhist lineage is questionable . Stephen Batchelor has claimed , speaking about specifically Japanese Zen lineage , `` the historicity of this `` lineage '' simply does not withstand critical scrutiny . '' Erik Storlie has noted that transmission `` is simply false on historical grounds . '' Edward Conze said `` much of the traditions about the early history of Chan are the inventions of a later age . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144d4729dbfdf273e08e254111e324bb", "text": "Bhava The Sanskrit word `` bhāva '' means `` emotion , sentiment , state of body or mind , disposition '' , while `` bhava '' means `` being , worldly existence , becoming , birth , be , production , origin '' . The former term is rooted in latter , and in some context also means `` becoming , being , existing , occurring , appearance '' while connoting the condition thereof . In Buddhism , bhava denotes the continuity of becoming ( reincarnating ) in one of the realms of existence , in the samsaric context of rebirth , life and the maturation arising therefrom . It is the tenth of the Twelve Nidanas , in its Pratītyasamutpāda doctrine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1fda66491b106656cd20f568f6c6a36", "text": "Transcendent truth Transcendent truths are those unaffected by time or space . They define the world , but are not defined by the world . An example of a transcendent truth is `` God is good '' , or `` there is no God '' . Either way , how one looks at things contained by time and space is a result of the transcendent truth . One is true ; both can not be true at the same time . World views are made up of transcendent truths , things we believe are true before we question whether or not anything else is true . The Transcendent Truth is the only Truth that is , ultimately , beyond human comprehension and before all concepts . It is beyond reality , and is the Creator of realities , existence , time and all there is , was and is yet to be . It is the Light that sacred texts speak of that illuminates hearts with knowledge from a Source beyond our universe . It is actually the true definition of God . Gandhi once signed a photograph of himself with the text `` God is truth '' . Buddha once said that truth is the saviour from sin . And Christ said to His disciples `` I am the Truth '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6092ee67c345c451a23d271b12a226ee", "text": "German Dharmaduta Society The German Dharmaduta Society is an organization established to promote Buddhism in Germany and other Western Countries , and was founded by Asoka Weeraratna , in Colombo , Sri Lanka on 21 September 1952 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa1d1fe70f27d1cf7c0c0e5a376bf64f", "text": "Four Noble Truths The Four Noble Truths refer to and express the basic orientation of Buddhism in a short expression : we crave and cling to impermanent states and things , which are dukkha , `` incapable of satisfying '' and painful . This craving keeps us caught in samsara , the endless cycle of repeated rebirth and dying again , and the dukkha that comes with it . There is , however , a way to end this cycle , namely by attaining nirvana , cessation of craving , whereafter rebirth and associated dukkha will no longer arise again . This can be accomplished by following the eightfold path , restraining oneself , cultivating discipline , and practicing mindfulness and meditation . In short form , the four truths are dukkha , samudaya ( `` arising , '' `` coming together '' ) , nirodha ( `` cessation , '' `` confinement '' ) , and magga , the path leading to cessation . As the `` Four Noble Truths '' ( Sanskrit : catvāri āryasatyāni ; Pali : cattāri ariyasaccāni ) , they are `` the truths of the Noble Ones , '' the truths or realities which are understood by the `` worthy ones `` Encyclopædia Britannica , Arhat ( Buddhism ) who have attained nirvana . In the sutras , Buddhist religious texts , the four truths have both a symbolic and a propositional function . They represent the awakening and liberation of the Buddha , but also the possibility of liberation for all sentient beings , describing how release from craving is to be reached . In the Pali canon scriptures , the four truths appear in a `` network of teachings , '' as part of `` the entire dhamma matrix , '' which have to be taken together . They provide a conceptual framework for introducing and explaining Buddhist thought , which has to be personally understood or `` experienced '' . The function of the four truths , and their importance , developed over time , when prajna , or `` liberating insight , '' came to be regarded as liberating in itself , instead of or in addition to the practice of dhyana , meditation . This `` liberating insight '' gained a prominent place in the sutras , and the four truths came to represent this liberating insight , as part of the enlightenment story of the Buddha . The four truths became of central importance in the Theravada tradition of Buddhism , which holds to the idea that insight into the four truths is liberating in itself . They are less prominent in the Mahayana tradition , which sees the higher aims of insight into sunyata , emptiness , and following the Bodhisattva path as central elements in their teachings and practice . The Mahayana tradition reinterpreted the four truths to explain how a liberated being can still be `` pervasively operative in this world . '' Beginning with the exploration of Buddhism by western colonialists in the 19th century and the development of Buddhist modernism , they came to be often presented in the west as the central teaching of Buddhism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9be03476375d1687434fce1c8edff7bb", "text": "Theravada Theravāda ( Pali , literally `` school of the elder monks '' ) is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha 's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core . The Pali canon is the only complete Buddhist canon which survives in a classical Indic Language , Pali , which serves as the sacred language and lingua franca of Theravada Buddhism . Another feature of Theravada is that it tends to be very conservative about matters of doctrine and monastic discipline . As a distinct sect , Theravada Buddhism developed in Sri Lanka and spread to the rest of Southeast Asia . Theravada also includes a rich diversity of traditions and practices that have developed over its long history of interactions with varying cultures and religious communities . It is the dominant form of religion in Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar , Sri Lanka , and Thailand , and is practiced by minority groups in Bangladesh , China , Nepal , and Vietnam . In addition , the diaspora of all of these groups as well as converts around the world practice Theravāda Buddhism . Contemporary expressions include Buddhist modernism , the Vipassana movement and the Thai Forest Tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84c213de965f7e204c6cbe617fe69abe", "text": "Buddhist ethics Buddhist ethics are traditionally based on what Buddhists view as the enlightened perspective of the Buddha , or other enlightened beings such as Bodhisattvas . The Indian term for ethics or morality used in Buddhism is Śīla or sīla ( Pāli ) . Śīla in Buddhism is one of three sections of the Noble Eightfold Path , and is a code of conduct that embraces a commitment to harmony and self-restraint with the principal motivation being non-violence , or freedom from causing harm . It has been variously described as virtue , right conduct , morality , moral discipline and precept . Sīla is an internal , aware , and intentional ethical behavior , according to one 's commitment to the path of liberation . It is an ethical compass within self and relationships , rather than what is associated with the English word `` morality '' ( i.e. , obedience , a sense of obligation , and external constraint ) . Sīla is one of the three practices foundational to Buddhism and the non-sectarian Vipassana movement -- sīla , samādhi , and paññā as well as the Theravadin foundations of sīla , Dāna , and Bhavana . It is also the second pāramitā . Sīla is also wholehearted commitment to what is wholesome . Two aspects of sīla are essential to the training : right `` performance '' ( caritta ) , and right `` avoidance '' ( varitta ) . Honoring the precepts of sīla is considered a `` great gift '' ( mahadana ) to others , because it creates an atmosphere of trust , respect , and security . It means the practitioner poses no threat to another person 's life , property , family , rights , or well-being . Moral instructions are included in Buddhist scriptures or handed down through tradition . Most scholars of Buddhist ethics thus rely on the examination of Buddhist scriptures , and the use of anthropological evidence from traditional Buddhist societies , to justify claims about the nature of Buddhist ethics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2401725fe5c0023fe0a759a8c95d62d", "text": "Buddhist University Buddhist University ( BU ) is a university in Sanchi Town , India . The university was established in September 2012 by Government of Madhya Pradesh and then Sri Lankan president Mahinda Rajapaksa , Bhutan 's Prime Minister Jigmi Yozyer Thinley , and Mahabodhi Society of Sri Lanka president Bangala Upatissa Nayaka Thero laid the foundation stone for the University on 17th of same month . The university built in collaboration with the government of Madhya Pradesh , Sri Lanka and Bhutan to promote the Buddhist and Indic Studies in the world . Government of Madhya Pradesh had invested Rs 300 crore to promote ` peace and harmony '' by setting university which will help in promote tourism and cultural trade in the state as Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam appose the move to protest Sri Lankan President Mahindra Rajapaksa 's visit to Sanchi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5177dae54bd0f2a8c98b5d72cc896d6e", "text": "Gelongma Gelongma ( feminine term ) ( wylie : dge slong ma ) or Gelong ( masculine term ) is the Tibetan word for a fully ordained monastic observing the entire vinaya . While the exact number of vows observed varies from one ordination lineage to another , generally the female monastic observes 360 vows while the male monastic observes 265 . Getsul and Getsulma ( Tib <dge tshul> ) ( Skt <sramanera> ) is the novice ordination , a preparation monastic level prior to Gelongma . Novices , both male and female , adhere to twenty-five main vows . A lay person or child monk too young to take the full vows may take the five vows called `` approaching virtue '' ( in Tibetan genyen <dge snyan> ) . These five vows can be practiced as a monastic , where the genyen maintains celibacy , or as a lay practitioner , where the married genyen maintains fidelity . Starting with the novice ordination ( Tib . ge tsul ) some may choose to take forty years to gradually arrive at the bhikkshu ( Tib . gelong -RSB- vows of a fully ordained monk . Others take the getsulma and gelongma vows on the same day and practice as a gelongma from the beginning , as the getsulma vows are included within the gelongma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a809054a9bb3ed3fa53419dbdc8bcf2", "text": "Vajracharya A bajracharya or vajracharya ( lit . `` vajra carrier '' ) is a Vajrayana Buddhist priest among the Newar communities of Nepal and a Revered Teacher who is highly attained in Vajrayana practices and rituals . Vajracharya means `` vajra carrier '' . They are also commonly called guru-ju or gu-bhaju ( a short form for guru bhaju ) which are Nepali terms related to the Sanskrit term guru , and translate as `` teacher '' or `` priest '' . The bajracharya is the highest ranking of the Newar castes that are born Buddhist . The emergence of vajracharya institution is ascribed to the decline of celibate Buddhist monks in about 13th century , and the emergence of Vajrayana . To become a professional Guruju , a person of the bajracharya caste must go through a number of rituals . The bajracharya boy goes through a ritualistic process of initiation known as bajravishekha , including shaving off the head as the buddha and asking for alms , at a minimum of seven houses a day in different places , in the tradition of monks since the time of Gautama Buddha . Sometimes tantric Newar Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism is referred to as `` Vajracharya Buddhism '' . The writers of Rebuilding Buddhism : The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-century Nepal explore the unusual relationship of the vajracharyas and their assistant shakyas with Buddhist monasticism : Unlike Vajracharyas , Shakya men may not be priests for others , but together with Vajracharya men they are the members of the traditional Newar Buddhist monasteries , known honorifically as vihara and colloquially as baha or bahi . In so far as Shakya and Vajracharya men filled their roles in the monastery , they were monks . In effect , they were married , part-time monks . Many of the modern Buddhist scholars in Nepal belong to the vajracharya tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c4336b6ea17eeae8548e412efa2de1b", "text": "Amitayurdhyana Sutra The Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra ( Sanskrit ; ) is a Mahayana sutra in Pure Land Buddhism , a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism . It is one of the three principle Pure Land sutras along with the Infinite Life Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra . Amitāyus is another name for the buddha Amitābha , the preeminent figure in Pure Land Buddhism , and this sūtra focuses mainly on meditations involving complex visualization . This is reflected in the name of the sūtra , which translates to the `` Amitāyus Meditation Sūtra . '' It is considered by modern scholarship to be apocryphal of Chinese origin . The Sanskrit name and Sanskrit versions are thus reverse translations . According to Paul Williams , a more accurate Sanskrit title for this text would be Amitāyurbuddhānusmṛti Sūtra , meaning `` Amitāyus Buddha-mindfulness Sūtra . '' No Sanskrit version of the sutra is known to exist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14e9959a72126b94329dd694cc05ac1e", "text": "Siddhartha Siddharth or Siddhartha is the birth name of the founder of Buddhism , Gautama Buddha . Siddhartha may also refer to : Siddhartha ( novel ) , a fictional book about the life of a man ( not the Buddha ) named Siddhartha , by Hermann Hesse Siddhartha ( 1972 film ) , the 1972 film of the book , directed by Conrad Rooks Sidhartha ( 1998 film ) Siddharth ( 2013 film ) , a 2013 Indian film Siddhartha ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 Indian Kannada film Siddhartha ( opera ) , opera by Per Nørgård Siddhartha ( musical ) , an original production by Chu Un Temple and BLIA Cebu King Siddartha , father of Mahavira , an important figure in Jain history Siddharta ( band ) , a Slovenian rock band Siddhartha ( American rock band ) Siddhartha ( Mexican rock band ) Siddartha University , the first and the only Buddhist university in Nepal SIDDHARTA , an experiment at DAFNE electron -- positron collider in Italy `` Siddhartha '' , a song by Jerry Cantrell on the album Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2", "title": "" } ]	fever
cb1e96fcea4767568e2f34fb66c8f0e9	Sarah Michelle Gellar was one of the founders of a cooking and lifestyle business that purveys baking kits intended for children.	[ { "docid": "e200d3b23bd944125a147a7df7b44b16", "text": "Sarah Michelle Gellar Sarah Michelle Prinze ( née Gellar ; born April 14 , 1977 ) is an American actress , producer , and entrepreneur . After being spotted by an agent at the age of four in New York City , she made her acting debut in the made-for-TV movie An Invasion of Privacy ( 1983 ) . Gellar went on to appear in numerous television series and commercials . Her first leading part was in the 1992 miniseries Swans Crossing , for which she was nominated for two Young Artist Awards , and her television breakthrough came in 1993 , when she originated the role of Kendall Hart on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children , winning the 1995 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series . Gellar received widespread recognition for her portrayal of Buffy Summers on the WB series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997 -- 2003 ) , which earned her five Teen Choice Awards , a Saturn Award and a Golden Globe Award nomination . The character was widely popular during the airing of the show and became recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in U.S. television . Gellar also gained significant attention for her appearances in the slasher movies I Know What You Did Last Summer ( 1997 ) and Scream 2 ( 1997 ) , and for her portrayal of Kathryn Merteuil in Cruel Intentions ( 1999 ) . She appeared as Daphne Blake in Scooby-Doo ( 2002 ) , her biggest live action commercial success . In 2004 , Gellar reprised her role as Daphne in the sequel Scooby-Doo 2 : Monsters Unleashed and portrayed Karen Davis in the horror remake The Grudge , both of which grossed more than US$ 180 million worldwide . She subsequently appeared in smaller scale movies such as The Return ( 2006 ) and Southland Tales ( 2007 ) , and provided her voice for TMNT ( 2007 ) . Her later film credits include The Air I Breathe ( 2008 ) , Possession ( 2009 ) and Veronika Decides to Die ( 2009 ) . She headlined the short lived television series Ringer ( 2011 -- 2012 ) and The Crazy Ones ( 2013 -- 2014 ) , which co-starred Robin Williams . In October 2015 , Gellar co-founded Foodstirs , a food crafting brand and e-commerce startup selling baking kits for children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "166e7ea37ced69a9adcea89a2d7e49dc", "text": "Foodstirs Foodstirs is an American cooking and lifestyle company that produces baking kits and mixes for sale online , by subscription , or in select stores . The kits contain only organic and non-GMO ingredients and are intended to be `` kid-friendly '' to prepare . One of the company 's co-founders is actress , Sarah Michelle Gellar . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . The company was named to the CNBC Upstart 25 list in February 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "883eef472ad3a6b43213907415401203", "text": "Birthday cake A birthday cake is a cake traditionally eaten as part of a birthday celebration in many cultures around the world . Traditions associated with the birthday cake in many Western cultures include singing the Happy Birthday to You song . Candles are often put on the cake and the person whose birthday it is has to blow out the candles . Often , the number of candles on the cake corresponds to the age of the person whose birthday it is ( although the older the person , the less likely it is that this tradition will be upheld ) . Blowing all the candles out at once is thought to bring good luck . Variations of the typical birthday cake include birthday cupcakes , cake pops , pastries , and tarts . While there is not a universal standard regarding taste , birthday cakes are often vanilla , chocolate , or strawberry flavored . They are also baked in a variety of shapes and decorated in one color or multiple colors with icing or fondant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1e49496a2e53ee7caa3ad69bbe28af7", "text": "Turkish delight Turkish delight , lokum or rahat lokum and many other transliterations ( رَاحَة الْحُلْقُوم rāḥat al-ḥulqūm , Lokum or rahat lokum , from colloquial راحه الحلقوم rāḥat al-ḥalqūm , Azerbaijani : -LSB- la : tigu m -RSB- ) is a family of confections based on a gel of starch and sugar . Premium varieties consist largely of chopped dates , pistachios , and hazelnuts or walnuts bound by the gel ; traditional varieties are mostly flavored with rosewater , mastic , Bergamot orange , or lemon . The confection is often packaged and eaten in small cubes dusted with icing sugar , copra , or powdered cream of tartar , to prevent clinging . Other common flavors include cinnamon and mint . In the production process , soapwort may be used as an emulsifying additive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69a64d47fca93042b06930419dcead2", "text": "Stuff White People Like Stuff White People Like ( sometimes known by the initialism SWPL ) is a blog that takes a satirical aim at the interests of North American `` left-leaning , city-dwelling , white people '' . The blog was created in January 2008 by a white Canadian , Christian Lander , a Los Angeles copywriter who grew up in Toronto and graduated from McGill University in Montreal . Lander co-authored the site with his Filipino Canadian friend Myles Valentin , after Valentin teased Lander for watching the HBO television series The Wire . Lander 's blog became popular very quickly , registering over 300,000 daily hits and over 40 million total hits by the end of September 2008 . Although the blog `` has spurred an outpouring from those who view it as offensive and racist '' , it is not about the interests of all white people , but rather a stereotype of affluent , environmentally and socially conscious , anti-corporate white North Americans , who typically hold a degree in the liberal arts . Lander claims to be lampooning contemporary versions of bohemian/hipster culture , and jokingly refers to other classes and subcultures of white people as `` the wrong kind of white people '' . Despite the site 's satirical edge , Lander regards the people he describes with affection and numbers himself among them , describing himself as `` a self-aware , left-wing person who 's not afraid to recognize the selfishness and contradictions that come on the left . '' The initialism `` SWPL '' has been adopted in some circles as a ( usually pejorative ) shorthand term for the type of people depicted on the blog . A book ( Stuff White People Like : A Definitive Guide to the Unique Taste of Millions ) was released on July 1 , 2008 . Lander is listed as the sole author of the book , although some of its content comes from the blog posts written by Valentin . The book remained on The New York Times bestseller list for months . Lander was reportedly given a $ 300,000 advance by Random House , the book 's publisher . He released a sequel ( Whiter Shades of Pale : The Stuff White People Like , Coast to Coast from Seattle 's Sweaters to Maine 's Microbrews ) on November 23 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae0e647713f4ce2798de1c21f359efc", "text": "Gingerbread (charity) Gingerbread is a registered charity ( England and Wales ) which provides advice , support and campaigns for single parent families . Following a merger with One Parent Families in 2007 it was briefly known as `` One Parent Families \| Gingerbread '' before relaunching as Gingerbread in January 2009 . J. K. Rowling , formerly a single parent herself , is the charity 's President .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fccd5d86c39b16803d9545286ac44ae", "text": "Gump's Gump 's is a luxury American home furnishings and home décor retailer , founded in 1861 in San Francisco , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ada7efe62d0fda2f5c4472281c77e55f", "text": "Relish Publications Relish Publications is a British publishing house that specialises in fine dining cookery books . Focusing on Britain 's Michelin-starred chefs and fine dining restaurants , it services the hospitality industry throughout the United Kingdom . It works with more Michelin starred chefs than any other publishing house . Relish books has been endorsed by such celebrity chefs as James Martin , Tom Kitchin , Michael Caines , James Sommerin , Gary Jones , Si King and other leading chefs . Relish Publications also creates bespoke books for chefs , including Jean-Christophe Novelli , whose Simply Novelli title was published in 2013 . Founded in 2009 by Duncan Peters , the former Deputy Ad Director for Trinity Mirror , and his wife , Teresa , a former Events and Sponsorship Manager with the same company , the flourishing company has worked with more than 1,500 British chefs . The company produces regional cookery books , from Devon and Cornwall all the way up to the Highlands of Scotland . Each book typically features a starter , main course and dessert across a ten-page spread from between 20 and 30 regional chefs , though some feature more . Previous editions have included Relish North East , Relish Midlands , Relish Cotswolds and Oxfordshire , Relish Scotland , Relish Wales , Relish North East and Yorkshire , Relish Cumbria , Relish South West , Relish Greater Manchester and Cheshire , Relish Merseyside and Lancashire , Relish Cumbria Second Helping , Relish Wales - Second Helping and Relish Scotland - Second Helping . The company aims to produce four such titles each year . The company aims to produce four such titles each year . The company works with some of the UK 's finest designers and food photographers , including Tim Green and Andy Richardson . Relish cook books are stocked in such outlets as Waterstones and Harvey Nicols and the titles have won great praise from the culinary sector . Restaurants view the books as have simultaneous benefit as both a promotional tool and a commercially viable product . The company has won a series of testimonials from prestigious chefs . Tom Kitchin said : `` The Relish Cookbook offers some great inspiration to make the most of these wonderful ingredients in season . '' Michael Caines said : `` These books are packed full of delicious places to eat and delicious recipes to cook . '' Si King said : `` Enjoy the book , I have . '' Gary Jones , from Le Manoir , said : `` The book brings together some of the most talented chefs from the region . In shines the spotlight on the ways in which fresh , seasonal , local ingredients are put to good use . '' The next book to be published will be Relish South East which is due for publication at the end of January 2015 , with a book launch to be held at The Ockendon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4e7b6966accb2c52fd9dd048ae4228f", "text": "Golden Gate Fortune Cookie Company The Golden Gate Fortune Cookie Company is a fortune cookie company located along Jackson Street in the Chinatown neighborhood of San Francisco , California in the United States . In 2011 , Wired voted the company as one of their top ten `` geekiest '' places in San Francisco . The cookie company , located between Jackson and Washington Streets in Ross Alley , was opened in 1962 . It is owned by Franklin Yee . They make traditional fortune cookies , as well as chocolate flavored fortune cookies , almond cookies , and other sweets . Visitors can observe workers using motorized circular griddles to create fortune cookies , which they sell for $ 5 a bag or flat cookies for $ 3 a bag ( March 2015 ) . The company also makes `` fortuneless '' cookies . They charge for photographs of the workers , for 50 cents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6ac7b83600a794476ac6cbeddfcfb07", "text": "Hari Nayak Hari Nayak is an Indian chef , restaurateur , author , and a renowned Indian food and culinary consultant . Hari 's signature style of cooking is distinctly featured in his best seller cookbook `` Modern Indian Cooking '' . Chef Hari has pioneered the next generation of Indian Cooking with his latest cookbook with chef Daniel Bolud . It was named as best of the season by LA times . Haris latest book is My Indian Kitchen : Preparing Delicious Indian Meals without Fear or Fuss by Tuttle Publishing . Hari also pioneered America 's first ice cream patisserie , Halo Fete located in Princeton , New Jersey . Hari graduated from the Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration in Manipal , Karnataka , India.Then after graduating from the Culinary Institute of America in 1998 , he then worked in restaurants in New York City and also as an apprentice with Alain Ducasse . Hari is the co founder of `` Cooking for life '' which was founded by chef Vikas Khanna . Hari has been the lead organizer for various fund raising culinary events for causes like Tsunami , Gulf Coast , Katrina and the first ever global cooking series at the wonders of the world `` The living Pyramids `` . The Living Pyramids event which was at Giza , Egypt was featured in a television series All Together Now on ABC TV in New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0218a4cd6ce5b5879aaa570072fa0e4", "text": "Jinx (TV series) Jinx is a British children 's comedy television sitcom based on the ` Lulu Baker ' trilogy of books , written by Fiona Dunbar . The first series premiered on 31 October 2009 on CBBC and ended its initial run on 23 January 2010 . The series follows the life of Lulu Baker , a teenager who is able to cook spells . However , her fairy godmother , Cookie , stops things from going smoothly . The first series was produced by Kindle Entertainment and over a three-month period , filmed in BBC Manchester studios and Oxford Road Studios , a second series has not been commissioned yet . Australian free-to-air channel ABC3 started airing the first episode on 28 September 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7553a29f9614634be21b49e8d5bf7b31", "text": "Tiffin (confectionery) Tiffin is a form of cake-like confection composed of crushed biscuits ( most commonly digestive biscuits ) , sugar , syrup , raisins and cocoa powder , often covered with a layer of melted chocolate . Unlike regular cakes , Tiffin does not require baking . Instead , following preparation of the mixture , the confection is chilled until set . As a consequence the product may also be known as ` fridge cake ' or another similar term . It was invented in the early 1900s in Troon , Scotland . The confectioner Cadbury produces a chocolate bar called `` Tiffin '' , consisting of biscuit pieces and raisins in chocolate , as part of its Dairy Milk range .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf5315ce6964f7bb5947da76bc70a08", "text": "Mumzworld Mumzworld is a Middle East bilingual online marketplace catering for mother , baby and child products from newborns to 12-year-olds . The company was founded in November 2011 by a team of regional entrepreneurs and parents , and is headed by CEO Mona Ataya . The site offers a range of local , regional and global brands for families in Dubai , Abu Dhabi , the UAE , Saudi Arabia , Qatar , Kuwait , Bahrain and the rest of the Middle East . Products for sale on the site include Chicco , Lego , Disney and Mattel and more than 250 brands . 70 per cent of the range is from regional suppliers and manufacturers and 30 per cent of the range is exclusive to Mumzworld The website also offers information and reviews on toys , books and clothing for babies , pre-schoolers , up to the age of 12 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fadeeed754443c7940e81605a07d810d", "text": "Cook Trading COOK ( officially Cook Trading Ltd ) is a manufacturer and retailer of frozen ready meals , established in 1997 and based in Sittingbourne , Kent . Their founding statement is , ` To cook using the same ingredients and techniques you would at home , so everything looks and tastes homemade . ' All their meals are made without the use of artificial additives and preservatives . Savoury dishes are made by hand in their kitchen in Kent , puddings at a kitchen in Somerset , and they are primarily sold through a network of their own shops . They have over 80 shops nationwide , with the highest concentration across the South East of England . They also sell through over 400 farm shops and other independent retailers throughout the UK , and online via their website . In 2009 they started to expand as a franchise business ; over 30 of their shops are now franchises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "931655dcba5009daa03d227ef573f709", "text": "Sugar (TV series) Sugar is a TV cooking show shown on Food Network Canada hosted by Canadian pastry chef Anna Olson . The official show description reads `` Anna Olson satisfies sweet cravings with great dessert recipes and guides viewers from making to plating with presentation ideas to dress up any dessert . '' Premiered in October 2002 , Sugar is a half-hour show which specializes in desserts . Each episode has a theme ingredient . Host Anna Olson makes one simple dessert with the theme ingredient in the first part of the show . During the second and third part , she creates a more elaborate or decadent dessert with the same ingredient . During the last few minutes of the program called the `` Switch-Up '' , Anna re-invents the first dessert with a few tricks and turns it into something more special . Sugar aired for five seasons on Food Network Canada and its 151 episodes has been syndicated in 40 countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9036b838c48be7f0e91edf292aa08c86", "text": "Australian Women's Weekly Children's Birthday Cake Book The Australian Women 's Weekly Children 's Birthday Cake Book ( also known as The AWWCBCB ) is a recipe book focused on children 's - themed birthday cakes published as part of the The Australian Women 's Weekly magazine cookbook series by Australian Consolidated Press , written by Maryanne Blacker and Pamela Clark . First published in 1980 , and re-released in 2011 , it has become an `` Australian cult classic '' and a `` publishing phenomenon '' . Between its launch in 1980 and its relaunch in 2011 , the book sold more than 1 million copies , despite having been out of print for a significant portion of that period . During the 70s and 80s , The Australian Women 's Weekly was among the highest-selling magazines in Australia and published a wide range of cake decorating , recipe and meal idea book and magazine titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "841d624c8e3d3857f7c76f7da3de4460", "text": "Parlour (ice cream) Parlour is a brand of frozen dessert currently produced by Nestlé . It is not to be confused with an ice cream parlour , which is any type of vendor selling ice cream . Parlour comes in many different flavours and is available mainly in Canada . Originally produced by Sealtest Ice Cream Parlor in the United States ( and branded by Ault Foods ) as an ice cream , it no longer meets the legal definition of ice cream due to a change in the recipe ; the high content of palm oils ( see Mellorine ) . Parlour now competes with bigger brands of ice cream such as : Chapman 's , Breyers and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03031648a84d5a9f81c5eedefbc42b3c", "text": "Dutch baby pancake A Dutch baby pancake , sometimes called a German pancake , a Bismarck , or a Dutch puff , is a sweet popover that is normally served for breakfast . It is derived from the German Pfannkuchen . It is made with eggs , flour , sugar and milk , and usually seasoned with vanilla and cinnamon , although occasionally fruit or another flavoring is also added . It is baked in a cast iron or metal pan and falls soon after being removed from the oven . It is generally served with fresh squeezed lemon , butter , and powdered sugar , fruit toppings or syrup . A basic batter incorporates 1/3 cup flour and 1/3 cup liquid per egg . According to Sunset magazine , Dutch babies were introduced in the first half of the 1900s at Manca 's Cafe , a family-run restaurant that was located in Seattle , Washington and that was owned by Victor Manca . While these pancakes are derived from the German pancake dish , it is said that the name Dutch baby was coined by one of Victor Manca 's daughters , where `` Dutch '' perhaps was her corruption of the German autonym deutsch . In 1942 , Manca 's Cafe owned the trademark for Dutch babies , although the cafe later closed in the 1950s . The Dutch baby is a specialty of some diners and chains that specialize in breakfast dishes , such as the Oregon-founded The Original Pancake House or the New England-based chain Bickford 's , which makes both a plain Dutch baby and a similar pancake known as the Baby Apple , which contains apple slices embedded in the pancake . It is often eaten as a dessert . A David Eyre 's pancake is a variation on the Dutch baby pancake named after the American writer and editor David W. Eyre ( 1912 -- 2008 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae65512649a9def97a64c6a6ab88303f", "text": "Shopped Shopped : The Shocking Power Of British Supermarkets is a book by British author and investigative journalist Joanna Blythman first published by Fourth Estate in 2004 . Described by one reviewer as `` an emotive and bitter attack on -LSB- Britain 's -RSB- supermarket culture '' the book examines the way supermarkets have changed `` diets , cities , countryside and economy '' in Britain and argues that consumers have unwittingly `` surrendered control over what -LSB- they -RSB- eat to a few powerful chains . '' Along with Felicity Lawrence 's Not On The Label ( 2004 ) and Colin Tudge 's So Shall We Reap ( 2003 ) , Shopped was seen by some critics as representing the frontline of the emerging , radical Slow Food movement in Europe . The book helped establish Blythman 's reputation as `` one of the most influential commentators '' on British supermarkets . It was the winner of the Best Food Book prize at the 2005 Glenfiddich Food and Drink Awards and was shortlisted for the 2005 Guild of Food Writers ' Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce44d2fc7a6bb6a6f81f41753a343f61", "text": "Enjoy Life Foods Enjoy Life Foods is an independently operated subsidiary of Mondelez International based in Chicago , Illinois that produces foods that are gluten-free and free-from the top 8 most common allergens as defined by the FDA . All products are free-from wheat , dairy , peanuts , tree nuts , egg , soy , fish , and shellfish , and made in a dedicated nut - and gluten-free bakery in Jeffersonville , Indiana . The company was co-founded by Scott Mandell and Bert Cohen in 2001 and sells its products in the United States , Canada , Australia , the UK , and online . Enjoy Life Foods caters to individuals with dietary restrictions , such as Gluten-Free Diets and nut allergies . The company is gluten-free certified by the Gluten Free Certification Organization ( GFCO ) , Kosher-certified by the Chicago Rabbinical Council ( cRc ) , Halal-certified by Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of America ( IFANCA ) , and makes many products that are vegan friendly . In addition to its products , Enjoy Life Foods also offers resources for consumers to live a gluten-free and casein-free life style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08492b693e2a9c4254e8bfe63e1a9d23", "text": "Ciao Bella Gelato Company Ciao Bella Gelato Company is a company specializing in gelatos and sorbets . It was begun in 1983 in a kitchen in New York City 's Little Italy . Traditional recipes from Torino were used . Ciao Bella , as it is more commonly called , was formerly owned by Charlie Apt and F.W. Pearce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a134b7385db2dc3b2c8ed1002a90851", "text": "Average Betty Average Betty is a short-format , food entertainment web series written , produced , and performed by Sara O'Donnell . The web series debuted on iTunes in August 2006 as an innovative blend of cooking and campy comedy sketches . The unique format caused some people to question if Average Betty was even a cooking show at all . The show attracted millions of viewers and it received accolades from both new and traditional media , including Fox News , Yahoo! , and the food editors at the Los Angeles Times , and The Tampa Tribune . The Food Editor at The Tampa Tribune , published a full-page article featuring sixteen color photos , `` Bye-Bye , Betty Crocker Hello Average Betty , '' in the Flavor Section . A preview of the article , `` Betty Has A Recipe For Web Success , '' made the front page of The Tampa Tribune . In October 2007 Average Betty made the Los Angeles KTTV-Fox 11 10 o'clock news in a story called Average Betty Heating up the Internet ! In November 2007 , Average Betty again made the Fox 10 o'clock news , this time in her hometown of Tampa Bay , Florida . In December , 2007 , iTunes named Average Betty a `` Best of 2007 Podcast . '' The show has evolved beyond its campy comedy sketch origins . It now includes creative recipes , cooking demonstrations , and interviews with celebrity chef 's such as Michael Chiarello , Ming Tsai , and Stephanie Izard . Adam Gropman , of LA Weekly , describes O'Donnell as `` an Internet phenomenon , a self-created culinary personality finding an audience without the benefit of a book deal , magazines or a TV show . '' In 2011 , O'Donnell became one of 16 YouTube cooking channels selected for the first class of YouTube Next Chefs , which included $ 10,000 of grant money , $ 5,000 of equipment , and expert tutoring from Google/YouTube . The program is intended to focus attention on up-and-coming food vloggers . AverageBetty 's web traffic increased significantly as a result , averaging 75,000 to 100,000 monthly views on YouTube .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5162e6433a5dac8e288befd34e13215d	Resident Evil's protagonist is portrayed by American actress Milla Jovovich.	[ { "docid": "32ca7cd2d18f35479de6bd1c7e7f634c", "text": "Resident Evil (film series) Resident Evil is a science fiction action-horror hexalogy film series loosely based on the Japanese video game franchise of the same name by Capcom . German studio Constantin Film bought the rights to the first film in January 1997 with Alan B. McElroy and George A. Romero as potential writers . In 2001 , Sony Entertainment acquired distribution rights and hired Paul W. S. Anderson as writer and director for Resident Evil ( 2002 ) . Anderson continued on as writer and producer for the sequels , Resident Evil : Apocalypse ( 2004 ) and Resident Evil : Extinction ( 2007 ) , and returned as the director for Resident Evil : Afterlife ( 2010 ) , Resident Evil : Retribution ( 2012 ) and Resident Evil : The Final Chapter ( 2016 ) . The fictional Umbrella Corporation , which acts as the main antagonist in the series , is a bioengineering pharmaceutical company that creates bioweapons . Umbrella was responsible for the zombie apocalypse , which occurred after the corporation 's T-virus infected the Earth 's population . The films follow protagonist Alice , an original character created for the films portrayed by Milla Jovovich . Alice , who was once a security operative working for Umbrella , becomes an enemy of the corporation . Characters from the video game series also appeared in the film series , including Jill Valentine , Carlos Olivera , Claire Redfield , Albert Wesker , Chris Redfield , Barry Burton , Leon S. Kennedy and Ada Wong . Despite consistent negative reviews , with six films released , the Resident Evil film series is the highest-grossing film series to be based on video games of all time , having grossed over $ 1.233 billion worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9de3f5f0926ee0d201c43cf829756e9b", "text": "Resident Evil (film) Resident Evil is a 2002 German-British science fiction action horror film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson and produced by Bernd Eichinger . The film stars Milla Jovovich and Michelle Rodriguez . It is the first installment in the Resident Evil film series , which is loosely based on the Capcom survival horror video game series Resident Evil . Alongside Jovovich and Rodriguez , it also stars Eric Mabius , James Purefoy , Martin Crewes , and Colin Salmon . It is produced by Bernd Eichinger and by Anderson himself . Borrowing elements from the video games Resident Evil and Resident Evil 2 , the film follows amnesiac heroine Alice and a band of Umbrella Corporation commandos as they attempt to contain the outbreak of the T-virus at a secret underground facility . The film received mixed reviews from critics but some highly praised Jovovich and the cast performances as well as the action sequences and the zombies design . It was a box office success , grossing more than $ 100 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "62f7ed2429badbffbefe64ac65fcf4cf", "text": "Patricia Arquette Patricia Arquette ( born April 8 , 1968 ) is an American actress . She made her film debut in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 : Dream Warriors ( 1987 ) at the age of eighteen . Her notable films include Tony Scott 's True Romance ( 1993 ) , Tim Burton 's Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , David O. Russell 's Flirting with Disaster ( 1996 ) , David Lynch 's Lost Highway ( 1997 ) , Stephen Frears 's The Hi-Lo Country ( 1998 ) , Martin Scorsese 's Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) , and Andrew Davis 's Holes ( 2003 ) . For her performance in Richard Linklater 's Boyhood ( 2014 ) , which was filmed from 2002 until 2014 , she received widespread critical praise and won the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critics ' Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Independent Spirit Award , and SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress . Arquette 's Academy Award acceptance speech , which she used to bring female wage inequality to attention , received widespread news coverage . On television , she played the character Allison DuBois -- based on the author and medium Allison DuBois , who claims to have psychic abilities -- in the supernatural drama series Medium ( 2005 -- 11 ) . She received three Golden Globe nominations and two Emmy Award nominations , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama in 2005 . Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan , the Deputy Director of the FBI , starring in CSI : Cyber ( 2015 -- 16 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "105c1ca2360d3bde76b2fed45a61d36d", "text": "Vincent M. Ward Vincent M. Ward ( born January 27 , 1971 ) , also known as Vincent Ward , is an American actor . He is best known for his roles on The Starter Wife and The Walking Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34bda8e0932c97296829d4cc11beb3f8", "text": "Wicked (1998 film) Wicked is a 1998 American thriller film starring Julia Stiles as a disturbed teenage girl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66cafe350b8881ee76d61d11ceaa63e1", "text": "Biohazard 4D-Executer Biohazard 4D-Executer is a Japanese 3D animated biopunk horror film based on the Resident Evil series of survival horror video games . It was created by Capcom in cooperation with Visual Science Laboratory , and distributed by Digital Amuse . Biohazard 4D-Executer was directed by Koichi Ohata , and written by Daisuke Okamoto , who was supervised by the game series developers . A limited release , the 20-minute film has been an attraction in Japanese theme parks since November 2000 , and can be seen in movie theaters and smaller booths . The story centers on the mission of a military squad sent to the zombie-infested Raccoon City to locate the whereabouts of Dr. Cameron , a female scientist conducting research on a new type of virus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c6da87edd13216ebc5a951e3d488abf", "text": "List of Resident Evil characters This is a list of Resident Evil characters , which includes playable and recurring characters that were introduced in Resident Evil , a series of survival horror video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5000e8b46f349091518571db5fc6704", "text": "Courtney Love Courtney Michelle Love ( born Courtney Michelle Harrison ; born July 9 , 1964 ) is an American singer , actress , writer , and visual artist . Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s , Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades . She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole , which she formed in 1989 . Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics , as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain . The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll , Love had an itinerant early life . She spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland , Oregon , where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox . After forming Hole in 1989 , she received substantial attention from underground rock press for the group 's debut album , produced by Kim Gordon . Hole 's second release , Live Through This ( 1994 ) , gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales . In 1995 , Love returned to acting , earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman 's The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) , which established her as a mainstream actress . The following year , she saw further mainstream success with the release of Hole 's third album , Celebrity Skin ( 1998 ) , which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards . Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s , appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) and Trapped ( 2002 ) , before releasing her first solo album , America 's Sweetheart , in 2004 . The next few years were marked by publicity surrounding Love 's legal troubles and drug addiction , which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was in the process of writing a second planned solo album . That project became Nobody 's Daughter , which was released in 2010 as a Hole album but without any other members of the original lineup . Between 2014 and 2015 , she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire . Love has also had endeavors in writing , co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga , Princess Ai , between 2004 and 2006 , as well as a memoir , Dirty Blonde : The Diaries of Courtney Love ( 2006 ) . In 2012 , she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And She 's Not Even Pretty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca37fbbe933ab2df49038ff9f2d73658", "text": "Gia Mantegna Gina `` Gia '' Cristine Mantegna ( born April 17 , 1990 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5513ec31d9d278c954fc86e231cfa988", "text": "Michele O'Marah Michele O'Marah ( born 1967 ) is an American video artist . Her works have been named among the best of 2002 and the best of 2010 by Artforum . O'Marah was born 1967 in Vallejo , California . She earned a B.F.A. from Tyler School of Art in Philadelphia , majoring in photography . O'Marah often remakes and reinterprets films , interviews , and other media . In the 2001 White Diamonds , Agent Orange , she recreated a 1970 60 Minutes interview with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton and paired the remade interview with a fictionalization of the Vietnam War . A critic in Flash Art reviewed the installation unfavorably , commenting that it `` left you with a sinking feeling that artists are fiddling around while Rome is burning . '' In 2002 , O'Marah created a full-length remake of the 1983 cult film Valley Girl on an extremely low budget , casting artist friends in the video and using a borrowed video camera . Discussing the project in a later interview , she stated , '' -LSB- M -RSB- y idea was to fail the original Valley Girl . One person can not replicate the job of an 80-person film crew . So I thought that my Valley Girl would be a process piece where the video would at times be a dismal failure ... because I could never perfectly re-create the original . '' She also stated , `` I wanted my video to expose the underlying myth of the original : that Prince Charming will pursue you to the ends of the earth ... The idea of remaking it and making the construction of my video really obvious just acknowledged that the story is a construction , too . '' Writing in Artforum , Bruce Hainley called the work `` a guerrilla tour de force and a heady meditation on the simple act of doing something again '' and praised it simultaneously `` entertainment , a document of a time period and locale , a DIY manifesto , a feminist commentary with acute style , and a meditation on continuity . '' In 2006 , O'Marah worked with David Jones and Tim Jackson to create the video Faustus 's Children , a take on the Faust legend . In the melodramatic video , non-actors `` deliver an amusingly fraught dialogue reflecting on the hubris of the haute bourgeoisie . '' In 2007 , O'Marah again recreated a historic interview , remaking the 1973 Firing Line interview of Black Panther leader Huey P. Newton by conservative author William F. Buckley . Her 2010 project A Girls ' Got ta Do What a Girl 's Got ta Do remade three scenes from the 1996 Pamela Anderson film Barb Wire '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf0a9a882080305129c61fdf3d592d7d", "text": "Adrianne Palicki Adrianne Lee Palicki ( born May 6 , 1983 ) is an American actress best known for her roles as Tyra Collette in the television series Friday Night Lights ( 2006 -- 2011 ) and supporting roles in the films Legion ( 2010 ) , Red Dawn ( 2012 ) , G.I. Joe : Retaliation ( 2013 ) , and John Wick ( 2014 ) . She played Barbara `` Bobbi '' Morse on the ABC series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2014 -- 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9be111d3453e4598aabb4bb73c00199d", "text": "Wicked Appetite Wicked Appetite is a 2010 novel by Janet Evanovich set in Salem , Massachusetts . Elizabeth Tucker ( referred to as Lizzie ) is a baker at Dazzle 's Bakery , specialising in cupcakes . Lizzie has recently moved to Salem after inheriting her aunt 's house . Diesel ( from Visions of Sugar Plums , Plum Lovin '' ' , Plum Spooky , and Plum Lucky , the `` Between The Numbers '' Stephanie Plum holiday novellas ) appears out of thin air in Dazzle 's Bakery after Lizzie has been accosted by Gerwulf Grimoire , otherwise known as Wulf ( from Plum Spooky ) . Unbeknownst to her , Lizzie is an Unmentionable , with a special talent for finding things that Diesel needs . A Stone of Power has re-surfaced and Diesel needs to get to it before Wulf does . The Seven Stones of Power reflect each of the Seven Deadly Sins , the stone in this book dedicated to the sin of gluttony . The stones are known by the acronym SALIGIA , from the Latin names for the sins : superbia , avaritia , luxuria , invidia , gula , ira , & acedia , or pride , greed , lust , envy , gluttony , anger , & sloth . Lizzie 's co-worker Glo , not an Unmentionable but a Questionable , tries out a number of spells with unusual results . Lizzie adopts an odd orange one-eyed cat , who possibly belonged to her deceased Aunt Ophelia , and Carl , the monkey with an attitude problem , rides along . Carl the monkey was introduced in Fearless Fourteen humping Brenda 's hair , and was featured in Plum Spooky . A sequel , titled Wicked Business '' , was released on June 19 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18bc9b5a24ddeb19c2866f9cb67bd8ba", "text": "Dark Sector Dark Sector , also stylized as darkSector , is a third-person shooter video game developed by Digital Extremes for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows . The game is set in the fictional Eastern Bloc country of Lasria , and centers on protagonist Hayden Tenno ( voiced by Michael Rosenbaum ) , a morally ambivalent CIA `` clean-up man '' . While trying to intercept rogue agent named Robert Mezner , Hayden 's right arm is infected with the fictional Technocyte virus , which gives him the ability to grow a three-pronged `` Glaive '' at will . Dark Sector received mixed to positive reviews for its visual design , originality of action and weapon-based gameplay . Many critics have compared the game to Resident Evil 4 and Gears of War , for their similar style of play and story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8459c8f30e481ac2f8552acfdc08d69e", "text": "American Vampire American Vampire is an American Eisner Award-winning comic book series created by writer Scott Snyder and drawn by artist Rafael Albuquerque . The series imagines vampires as a population made up of many different secret species , and charts moments of vampire evolution and inter-species conflict throughout history . The focus of the series is a new American bloodline of vampires , born in the American West in the late 19th century . The first of this new species is a notorious outlaw named Skinner Sweet , who wakes from death , after being infected , to find he has become a new kind of vampire , something stronger and faster than what came before , impervious to sunlight , with a new set of strengths and weaknesses . The series goes on to track his movements through various decades of American history -- along with the movements of his first and only known progeny : Pearl Jones , a young woman working as a struggling actress in the 1920s silent film industry when she is attacked by a coven of European vampires hiding in Hollywood . Sweet saves her ( uncharacteristically ) by giving her his blood , thereby turning her into an American vampire like him , at which point she seeks revenge on the classic vampires who attacked her in life . The complicated and charged relationship Jones has with Sweet is another focus of the series . The first five issues featured two stories -- one by Snyder and the other by Stephen King , both drawn by Rafael Albuquerque . As of the sixth issue , Scott Snyder has taken over as sole writer . American Vampire has spun off two mini-series . The first , `` Survival of the Fittest '' , illustrated by Sean Murphy focuses on the cases files of the V.M.S. , the vampire hunting organization of the series . The second , `` Lord of Nightmares '' , illustrated by Dustin Nguyen further focuses on the mythology presented by Survival of the Fittest . In June 2013 , a one shot co-written by Snyder and Albuquerque ( who also illustrates the 64-page issue ) , entitled `` Long Road to Hell '' which features vampire hunter Travis Kidd , was released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5ddf4add7a1d95ca2648fe142498903", "text": "P.N.03 P.N. 03 , short for Product Number Zero Three , is a 2003 third-person shooter video game developed and published by Capcom for the Nintendo GameCube . Set in a science-fictional space colony compound , the game stars Vanessa Z. Schneider , a mercenary controlled by the player to combat berserk robots . The game was directed by Shinji Mikami as part of the Capcom Five . To avoid similarities with Devil May Cry and Resident Evil , the P.N. 03 team emphasized defensive and rhythmic maneuvers and a `` delicate '' , `` feminine '' game world . P.N. 03 was developed on a tight schedule in an attempt to offset Capcom 's poor fiscal year . However , the game received mixed reviews and failed commercially . Several critics found the game repetitive and unintuitive . They were divided on its gameplay mechanics : some disliked its controls -- specifically the inability to move and shoot simultaneously -- while others compared it favorably to golden age arcade games . Mikami repurposed ideas from P.N. 03 in his 2010 game Vanquish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bca189a3bd5c1ab66e5514d4bceff64b", "text": "Mercy Point Mercy Point is an American science fiction medical drama , created by Trey Callaway , David Simkins , and Milo Frank , which originally aired for one season on United Paramount Network ( UPN ) from October 6 , 1998 , to July 15 , 1999 . With an ensemble cast led by : Joe Morton , Maria del Mar , Alexandra Wilson , Brian McNamara , Salli Richardson , Julia Pennington , Gay Thomas , Jordan Lund , and Joe Spano , the series takes place in a 23rd-century hospital space station located in deep space and revolves around its doctors and nurses . The series was produced by Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television ; the executive producers were Trey Callaway , Michael Katleman , Lee David Zlotoff , Joe Voci , and Scott Sanders . Callaway developed Mercy Point from Frank 's script , `` Nightingale One '' , as a concept for a feature film under the working title of the same name . Even though it was picked up by Mandalay Television , the concept was eventually revised as a television project and renamed Mercy Point due to the disappointing commercial performance of the 1997 film Starship Troopers . The show was part of a $ 3 million deal between Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television to produce 200 hours of material . It was filmed in Vancouver to reduce production costs , with the hospital sets constructed on a series of sound stages . Director Joe Napolitano had praised the show for its use of a complete set to allow for more intricate directing . Despite being envisioned as a companion to Star Trek : Voyager , it was paired with Moesha and Clueless as its lead-in on Tuesday nights . Initially focused on ethical and medical cases , the show 's storylines gradually shifted toward relating the characters ' personal relationships to better fit UPN 's primarily teen demographic . Mercy Point was placed on hiatus after only two episodes were aired , and was replaced by the reality television series America 's Greatest Pets and the sitcom Reunited . The show suffered from low viewership , with an average of two million viewers . The final four episodes of the series were broadcast in two , two-hour blocks on Thursday nights in July 1999 . It was never released on DVD or Blu-ray . Critical response to Mercy Point was mixed ; some television critics praised its characterization and use of science-fiction elements , while others found it to be uninteresting and unoriginal . Several media commentators negatively compared the show to other television programs . Callaway has stated that he had the potential story arcs for the full first season already planned before the show 's cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b08c2476182dce4dc8ee440de17ff953", "text": "Cinzia Massironi Cinzia Massironi ( born October 28 , 1966 in Legnano ) is an Italian voice actress and actress . She is a cousin of the actress Marina Massironi . Massironi lent her voice to many Italian versions of cartoon or anime characters ( both female and male ) , such as Dan Kuso in Bakugan Battle Brawlers , Caska in Berserk , Daichi in Beyblade G-Revolution , Chun Lee in Beyblade : Metal Masters , Li Syaoran in Card Captor Sakura , Mitsuhiko Tsuburaya in Detective Conan , Comet in Princess Comet , Laura and Videl in Dragon Ball , Haku in Naruto , Clancy Kanuka in Patlabor : The TV Series , Lady Kale in Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders , and Jaden Yuki in the second season of Yu-Gi-Oh ! GX . In the field of video games , Massironi has lent her voice to Catwoman and Talia al Ghul in Batman : Arkham City , Lana Lei in Death by Degrees , Emily in Dishonored , Lachesis in God of War II , Hermione Granger in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1 , Michelle Chiang in Jet Li : Rise to Honor , female version of Commander Shepard in the Mass Effect series , Wonder Woman and Kitana in Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe , Luke and Flora in the series Professor Layton , Talwyn Apogee in Ratchet & Clank : Tools of Destruction , Ingrid Hunnigan in Resident Evil 6 , Lily in Vampire : The Masquerade - Redemption , and others . Among the live-action film roles that Massironi dubbed in Italian are these of Rebecca De Mornay in The Shining and Alex Murrel in Laguna Beach : The Real Orange County . Massironi is also a theatrical actress , and participated in the film Ask Me If I 'm Happy ( Chiedimi se sono felice ) in the role of Francesca in 2000 and starred in the first part of the episodic film Il Cosmo sul comò in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8d162ef08f152780da785928d2a87c1", "text": "Debi Mae West Debi Mae West ( born 1963/1964 ) is an American voice actress for radio , television , animation , and video games . In 2008 , she won a Spike Video Game Award for voicing Meryl Silverburgh in Metal Gear Solid 4 : Guns of the Patriots . From 1999-2002 she was a featured performer on Joe Frank 's radio programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "138f9bc8bbe8ee014b5918ea356f9e70", "text": "Lana Parrilla Lana Maria Parrilla ( born July 15 , 1977 ) is an American actress . Parrilla is best known for her roles on television and radio . She was a regular cast member in the fifth season of the ABC sitcom Spin City from 2000 to 2001 . She later starred in Boomtown ( 2002-2003 ) , Windfall ( 2006 ) , Swingtown ( 2008 ) and as Doctor Eva Zambrano in the short-lived medical drama Miami Medical ( 2010 ) . She also played the role of Sarah Gavin during the fourth season of the Fox series 24 in 2005 . In 2011 , Parrilla began starring as The Evil Queen/Regina Mills in the ABC fantasy drama series , Once Upon a Time . In 2016 Parrilla won a Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actress : Fantasy/Sci-Fic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f989f6776b62b65ac8381fed7f2a3a", "text": "Janina Gavankar Janina Zione Gavankar ( -LSB- prondʒəˈniːnə_ɡəˈvɑːnkər -RSB- born November 29 , 1980 ) is an American actress known for her role as the voice of FERO , one of main protagonists in the Halo 5 : Guardians promotional event , Hunt The Truth . Gavankar is also trained as a pianist , vocalist , and orchestral percussionist . She majored in Theatre Performance at the University of Illinois at Chicago . Gavankar 's roles include Papi , a lesbian lothario in The L Word ; Leigh Turner , a cop with a big secret on The Gates ; Ms. Dewey , the personification of a Microsoft branded search engine who comments about the user 's searches ; Shiva , the namesake of the sought after trophy on The League ; shapeshifter Luna Garza on HBO 's True Blood ; McKenna Hall on The CW 's Arrow ; and Meredith Bose on NBC 's The Mysteries of Laura . She also played Diana Thomas on FOX 's supernatural drama Sleepy Hollow .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c0a021ee6bff6b1a69b29c7d99b43a79	Hillary Clinton was silent on the Arab Spring.	[ { "docid": "a5548adbbcccdfc07a3c56c95dcd9a2c", "text": "Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( -LSB- ˈhɪləri_daɪˈæn_ˈrɒdəm_ˈklɪntən -RSB- born October 26 , 1947 ) is an American politician who was the 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 , U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009 , First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 , and the Democratic Party 's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election . Born in Chicago , Illinois , and raised in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge , Clinton graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 , and earned a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1973 . After serving as a congressional legal counsel , she moved to Arkansas and married Bill Clinton in 1975 . In 1977 , she co-founded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families . She was appointed the first female chair of the Legal Services Corporation in 1978 and became the first female partner at Rose Law Firm the following year . As First Lady of Arkansas , she led a task force whose recommendations helped reform Arkansas 's public schools . As First Lady of the United States , Clinton was an advocate for gender equality and healthcare reform . Her relationship with her husband came under public speculation during the Lewinsky scandal , forcing her to issue a statement reaffirming her commitment to the marriage . Clinton was elected in 2000 as the first female senator from New York . She was re-elected to the Senate in 2006 . Running for president in 2008 , she won far more delegates than any previous female candidate , but lost the Democratic nomination to Barack Obama . As Secretary of State in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2013 , Clinton responded to the Arab Spring , during which she advocated the U.S. military intervention in Libya . She helped organize a diplomatic isolation and international sanctions regime against Iran , in an effort to force curtailment of that country 's nuclear program ; this would eventually lead to the multinational Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action agreement in 2015 . Leaving office after Obama 's first term , she wrote her fifth book and undertook speaking engagements . Clinton made a second presidential run in 2016 . She received the most votes and primary delegates in the 2016 Democratic primaries , and formally accepted her party 's nomination for President of the United States on July 28 , 2016 with vice presidential running mate Senator Tim Kaine . She became the first female candidate to be nominated for president by a major U.S. political party . Despite winning a plurality of the national popular vote , Clinton lost the Electoral College and the presidency to her Republican opponent Donald Trump . Following her loss , in 2017 she decided to focus on being a self-described `` activist citizen '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "33ce5f9f4dfb273e3f8306d5f18a9896", "text": "Palestinian territories `` Palestinian territories '' and `` occupied Palestinian territories '' ( OPT or oPt ) are descriptions often used to describe the West Bank ( including East Jerusalem ) and the Gaza Strip , which are occupied or otherwise under the control of Israel . Israeli governments have maintained that the area involved is within territorial dispute . The extent of the territories , while subject to future negotiations , have frequently been defined by the Green Line . The term `` Palestinian Territory , Occupied '' was used by the United Nations ( UN ) and other international organizations between 1998 to 2013 in order to refer to areas controlled by the Palestinian National Authority . In December 2012 , UN Secretariat communications replaced this by the term State of Palestine . The ISO adopted the name change in 2013 . But , as of August 2015 , the UN Security Council continues to treat Palestine as a non-sovereign entity ; This prevents its admission to UN General Assembly membership . Israel occupied the territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the Six-Day War of 1967 and has since maintained control . Previously , these territories had been occupied by Jordan and Egypt , respectively , since the 1948 founding of Israel . In 1980 , Israel officially absorbed East Jerusalem and has proclaimed the whole of Jerusalem to be its capital . The inclusion , though never formally amounting to legal annexation , was condemned internationally and declared `` null and void '' by the United Nations Security Council . The Palestinian National Authority , the United Nations , the international legal and humanitarian bodies and the international community regard East Jerusalem as part of the West Bank , and consequently a part of the Palestinian territories . The Palestinian National Authority never exercised sovereignty over the area , although it housed its offices in Orient House and several other buildings as an assertion of its sovereign interests . Israel shut them down in response to the Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing . Israeli sovereignty , however , has not been recognized by any country , since the unilateral annexation of territory occupied during war contravenes the Fourth Geneva Convention . The cost of the occupation for Israel over four decades ( 1967 -- 2007 ) is estimated to amount to $ 50 billion . The World Bank estimates the annual cost in 2013 to the Palestinian economy of Israeli occupation at $ 3.4 billion . In 1988 , with the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) intention to declare a Palestinian State , Jordan renounced all territorial claims to the West Bank , including East Jerusalem . Since the Palestinian Declaration of Independence in 1988 , 135 UN Member Nations have recognized the State of Palestine , comprising the Palestinian territories . It has not been recognized by Israel and some Western nations , including the United States . In 1993 , following the Oslo Accords , parts of the territories politically came under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority ( Areas A and B ) . Israel still exercises full military control and , civil control over 61 % of the West Bank ( Area C ) . The Oslo Accords established access to the sea for Gaza within 20 nautical miles from the shore . The Berlin Commitment of 2002 reduced this to 12 mi . In October 2006 Israel imposed a 6-mile limit , and at the conclusion of the Gaza War restricted access to a 3-nautical-mile limit , beyond which a no-go zone exists . As a result , more than 3,000 Palestinian fishermen are denied access to 85 % of the maritime areas agreed to in 1995 . The majority of the Dead Sea area is off-limits to Palestinian use , and Palestinians are denied access to its coast line . Israel disengaged from the Gaza Strip in 2005 , however the international community considers the West Bank and the Gaza Strip still to be occupied by Israel . The Hamas takeover of Gaza in 2007 divided the Palestinian territories politically . Abbas 's Fatah largely ruled the West Bank and was recognized internationally as the official Palestinian Authority ( see : Fatah-Hamas conflict ) . In 2014 , the two political groups agreed to hold elections and form a compromise unity government . The 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict intervened ; however , the unity government survived .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46e1f6999d2151f29f3bd30cd2e982ae", "text": "Women Strike for Peace Women Strike for Peace ( WSP , also known as Women for Peace ) is a United States women 's peace activist group . In 1961 , at the height of the Cold War , about 50,000 women brought together by Women Strike for Peace marched in 60 cities in the United States to demonstrate against nuclear weapons . It was the largest national women 's peace protest of the 20th century . About 1,500 women led by Dagmar Wilson gathered at the foot of the Washington Monument and President John F. Kennedy watched from a window at the White House . The protest helped `` push the United States and the Soviet Union into signing a nuclear test-ban treaty two years later '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "034f37345c7cc12862e934718fe60d85", "text": "Arab Liberation Movement The Arab Liberation Movement ( حركة التحرر العربي Ḥarakat Al-Tahrir Al - ` Arabiy , ALM ) was a Syrian political party founded on 25 August 1952 by the President of Syria Adib Shishakli , during his government was the only legal party in Syria until 1954 . Shishakli then dissolved all political parties and banned many newspapers , in a return to military rule . Among those to suffer persecution under his rule were the National Party of Damascus , the People 's Party of Aleppo , the Communist Party , the Ba'ath Party , and the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood . He also outlawed all newspapers that were not pro-Shishakli , and banished the Ba'ath leaders Akram al-Hawrani , Michel Aflaq , and Salah al-Bitar to Lebanon , where they then actively worked against his government . He was a skilled public speaker , however , and relied greatly on the radio to transmit his speeches to every-day Syrians . On 25 August 1952 , he established an official government party , the Arab Liberation Movement , but it was boycotted by powerful representatives of the civilian political society , such as Hashim al-Atassi . The party was progressive and accepted women among its ranks and calling for a limited degree of socialism . Some said that he viewed himself as `` an Arab Caesar . '' In mid-1953 Shishakli staged an election to make himself President , but he was by now facing mounting dissent . Shishakli continued to rule the country until 1954 , when growing public opposition forced him to resign and leave the country . The national government was restored , but again to face instability , this time coming from abroad . After the overthrow of President Shishakli in a 1954 coup , continued political maneuvering supported by competing factions in the military eventually brought Arab nationalist and socialist elements to power . Growing discontent eventually led to another coup , in which Shishakli was overthrown in February 1954 . The plotters included members of the Syrian Communist Party , Druze officers , and Ba'ath Party members and possibly had Iraqi backing . He had also arrested a lot of active officers in the Syrian Army , including the rising young Adnan al-Malki , also a prominent Baathist . Leading the anti-Shishakli movement were former President Atassi and the veteran Druze leader Sultan al-Atrash . The largest anti-Shishakli conference had been held in Atassi 's home in Homs . Shishakli had responded by arresting Atassi and Atrash 's sons , Adnan and Mansur ( both of whom were ranking politicians in Syria ) . When the insurgency reached its peak , Shishakli backed down , refusing to drag Syria into civil war . He fled to Lebanon , but when the Druze leader Kamal Jumblat threatened to have him killed , he fled to Brazil . Prior to the union between Syria and Egypt in 1958 , Shishakli toyed with the idea of returning to Syria to launch a coup d'état , using funds provided by Iraq . The coup was foiled by Syrian intelligence and Shishakli was sentenced to death in absentia . After the Syrian parliamentary election , 1954 the party obtained 2 seats in the Syrian Parliament , in 1958 was banned by the Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser . In the Syrian parliamentary election , 1961 the Arab Liberation Movement gained 4 seats in the Syrian parliament The party was dissolved in March 8 , 1963 , following the Ba'athist revolution", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bfe2300524206996f288c1d8bf471d5", "text": "United States vice-presidential debate, 1992 The 1992 vice-presidential debate was part of the 1992 presidential election . The participants were Democratic nominee , Bill Clinton 's running mate , U.S. Senator Al Gore from Tennessee ; Ross Perot 's running mate , retired Vice Admiral James Stockdale ; and Republican candidate , incumbent Vice President Dan Quayle . It was held on Tuesday , October 13 , 1992 . The debate was held at Georgia Tech in Atlanta , Georgia . Hal Bruno of ABC News served as moderator . Stockdale , Perot 's running mate , became an object of ridicule afterwards including being lampooned on Saturday Night Live . Stockdale often seemed confused and disoriented ; at one point he asked that a question be repeated because his hearing aid was not on . At another point when asked about abortion , Stockdale merely said `` What a woman does with her body is her business period '' . However , it should be pointed out that Stockdale only had one week to prepare for the debate and had not discussed any of the issues with Perot beforehand . At one point , when Quayle and Gore were squabbling back and forth , Stockdale said , `` I think you can see why this country is in gridlock '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25f8fc7b8471a1f554d146eb3b6f3084", "text": "2008 Arab League summit The 2008 Arab League summit was held in Damascus on March 29 , 2008 . The summit was marred by inter-Arab differences , mainly over the political deadlock in Lebanon , with relations between Syria and the Saudi-Egypt coalition reaching an all-time low . Saudi Arabia and Egypt snubbed the summit by sending low-level representatives . Lebanon 's majority government boycotted the summit", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95e68eece43f4e0a948e54f0e419c7bc", "text": "2012 Arab League summit The 23rd Arab League Summit was the third one held in Baghdad and the first one since 1990 , before the start of the Gulf War . The decision to grant the host rights to Iraq was made at the previous summit in Sirte . Among the subjects discussed were the Iraqi debts to its neighbors and the uprising in Syria . The summit marked the first time since the Invasion of Kuwait that an acting Emir ( Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah ) paid a visit to Iraq . The summit was also notable as being the first held since the beginning of the Arab Spring , during which the governments of several member states were overthrown by popular revolutions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e422425f20742afcf6f259a64116164b", "text": "Iraq Liberation Act The Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 is a United States Congressional statement of policy stating that `` It should be the policy of the United States to support efforts to remove the regime headed by Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq ... '' It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton , and states that it is the policy of the United States to support democratic movements within Iraq . The Act was cited in October 2002 to argue for the authorization of military force against the Iraqi government . The bill was sponsored by Representative Benjamin A. Gilman ( Republican , NY-20 ) and co-sponsored by Representative Christopher Cox ( Republican , CA-47 ) . The bill was introduced as on September 29 , 1998 . The House of Representatives passed the bill 360 - 38 on October 5 , and the Senate passed it with unanimous consent two days later . President Clinton signed the Iraq Liberation Act into law on October 31 , 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cd257cffe58ce0400dde5df6298c8d4", "text": "Nuclear Posture Review The Nuclear Posture Review is a process `` to determine what the role of nuclear weapons in U.S. security strategy should be . '' The first NPR of 2002 was the second of these quadrennial reviews of United States nuclear forces undertaken by the United States Department of Defense . The first took place in 1994 . The final report is National Security Classified and submitted to the Congress of the United States . The 2002 Nuclear Posture Review also included components requiring the `` Pentagon to draft contingency plans for the use of nuclear weapons against at least seven countries , naming not only Russia and the `` axis of evil '' -- Iraq , Iran , and North Korea -- but also China , Libya and Syria . '' President Barack Obama 's 2010 Nuclear Posture Review was preceded by high expectations because of his 2009 speech in Prague , Czech Republic where he prominently outlined a vision of a world without nuclear weapons . His NPR was hoped by observers to make concrete moves toward this goal . The finished 2010 policy renounces development of any new nuclear weapons such as the bunker-busters proposed by the Bush administration , and for the first time rules out a nuclear attack against non-nuclear-weapon states who are in compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty . This rule pointedly excludes Iran and North Korea . As part of the implementation of the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review , the U.S. Government is reviewing its nuclear deterrence requirements and nuclear plans to ensure that they are aligned to address today 's threats . Rose Gottemoeller , U.S. Acting Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security , said in early June 2012 that the United States was considering what forces the United States needed to maintain for strategic stability and deterrence , including extended deterrence and assurance to U.S. Allies and partners . Based on this analysis the United States would develop proposals for potential further reductions in its nuclear stockpile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f5e709be25640d6f8a4d589a0be4652", "text": "Arab League The Arab League , formally the League of Arab States , is a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa , the Horn of Africa and Arabia . It was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 with six members : Kingdom of Egypt , Kingdom of Iraq , Transjordan ( renamed Jordan in 1949 ) , Lebanon , Saudi Arabia , and Syria . Yemen joined as a member on 5 May 1945 . Currently , the League has 22 members , but Syria 's participation has been suspended since November 2011 , as a consequence of government repression during the Syrian Civil War . The League 's main goal is to `` draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them , to safeguard their independence and sovereignty , and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries '' . Through institutions , such as the Arab League Educational , Cultural and Scientific Organization ( ALECSO ) and the Economic and Social Council of the Arab League 's Council of Arab Economic Unity ( CAEU ) , the Arab League facilitates political , economic , cultural , scientific , and social programmes designed to promote the interests of the Arab world . It has served as a forum for the member states to coordinate their policy positions , to deliberate on matters of common concern , to settle some Arab disputes and to limit conflicts such as the 1958 Lebanon crisis . The League has served as a platform for the drafting and conclusion of many landmark documents promoting economic integration . One example is the Joint Arab Economic Action Charter , which outlines the principles for economic activities in the region . Each member state has one vote in the League Council , and decisions are binding only for those states that have voted for them . The aims of the league in 1945 were to strengthen and coordinate the political , cultural , economic and social programs of its members and to mediate disputes among them or between them and third parties . Furthermore , the signing of an agreement on Joint Defence and Economic Cooperation on 13 April 1950 committed the signatories to coordination of military defence measures . In March 2015 , the Arab League General Secretary announced the establishment of a Joint Arab Force with the aim of counteracting extremism and other threats to the Arab States . The decision was reached while Operation Decisive Storm was intensifying in Yemen . Participation in the project is voluntary , and the army intervenes only at the request of one of the member states . The growing militarization of the region and the increase in violent civil wars as well as terrorist movements are the reason behind the creation of the JAF , financed by the rich Gulf countries . In the early 1970s , the Economic Council of the League of Arab States put forward a proposal to create the Joint Arab Chambers of Commerce across the European states . That led , under the decree of the League of Arab States no . K1175/D52/G , to the decision by the Arab governments to set up the Arab British Chamber of Commerce which was mandated to `` promote , encourage and facilitate bilateral trade '' between the Arab world and its major trading partner , the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfcd8154f6cad11905e2e874b07344aa", "text": "Tarek Heggy Tarek Heggy ( طارق حجى , -LSB- ˈtˤɑːɾˤeʔ ˈħeɡɡi -RSB- ; born October 12 , 1950 ) is an Egyptian liberal author , political thinker and international petroleum strategist . Heggy is one of Egypt 's more prominent authors on the subject of Egypt 's need for political reform . His extensive writings advocate the values of modernity , democracy , tolerance , and women 's rights in the Middle East -- advancing them as universal values essential to the region 's progress . He has lectured at universities throughout the world and various international institutions and think tanks , such as the Heritage Foundation , the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , and the Council on Foreign Relations . Heggy 's main themes are the need for economic , political , cultural and educational reforms in Egypt and the Middle East . He emphasizes respect for individual rights and the power of human reason to drive the sciences forward . He is an advocate of creativity and the arts , gender equality , free markets , non-sectarian public administration , and the utilization of modern management techniques . Tarek Heggy 's two books ( published just before the Arab Spring ) , The Arab Cocoon ( 2010 ) and The Arab Mind Bound ( 2011 ) , examine if and why the Arab world is resistant to Western forms of progress . Heggy puts forth that it is Arab culture , broadly construed , that is holding the region back . He believes that neither U.S. foreign policy nor the existence of Israel are the primary reasons for this . Nor does he believe European colonialism , the global capitalist system , or the league of autocratic rulers who clung ( and in places , continue to cling ) to power thanks to oil revenues or outside military aid are the causes . Heggy draws on his cosmopolitan background , business experience , and discussions with public intellectuals of every persuasion to critique Arab culture . The mindset Heggy describes is prone to a literal , politicized version of Islam , which is a major contributor to the Arab malaise . The core of Heggy 's most important contention is encapsulated by this metaphor in The Arab Mind Bound : Arab culture is `` shackled with two heavy chains '' : attached to one is the species of Islam promulgated by Saudi Wahhabis and to a lesser extent , the Muslim Brotherhood ; attached to the other is a dysfunctional educational system that perpetuates the `` defective thought processes , intellectual distortions and negative delusions '' that yield endemic stagnation in every sphere . It follows that no attempt to address the myriad political and economic problems facing the Arab-Islamic world will be successful without religious , cultural , and educational reforms . According to Bernard Lewis , a Cleveland E. Dodge Professor Emeritus of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University , Heggy is a `` courageous and distinctive voice from Egypt '' and provides `` a candid and provocative inside view of the current problems of the Arab world . '' Heggy has participated in the BBC/Doha Debate on the Separation of Mosque and State .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "847e8bd1d21523801f624b8dd4da567b", "text": "1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on January 23 , 1996 . The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton 's first term . This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements on the 1996 United States federal budget . President Clinton discussed the economy and declared that `` the era of big government is over , '' and continued , `` but we can not go back to the time when our citizens were left to fend for themselves . We must go forward as one America , one nation working together , to meet the challenges we face together . Self-reliance and teamwork are not opposing virtues -- we must have both . '' The president discussed welfare reform , the V-chip , education , community policing , crime and the environment . The president also discussed foreign relations and the federal budget . The Republican Party response was delivered by Senator Bob Dole of Kansas . He stated that '' -LSB- President Clinton -RSB- is the chief obstacle to a balanced budget and the balanced budget amendment ... . While the President 's words speak of change , his deeds are a contradiction . President Clinton claims to embrace the future while clinging to the policies of the past . '' Donna Shalala , the Secretary of Health and Human Services , served as the designated survivor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e5b2712e580a686f5f0444f91829e21", "text": "GLIFAA GLIFAA ( formerly Gays and Lesbians in Foreign Affairs Agencies ) is the officially recognized organization representing lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender etc. ( LGBT + ) personnel and their families in the United States Department of State , U.S. Agency for International Development ( USAID ) , Foreign Commercial Service , Foreign Agricultural Service , and other agencies and entities working in foreign affairs in the U.S. Government . The acronym comes from its original name , Gays and Lesbians in Foreign Affairs Agencies . As of 2014 , the organization goes by GLIFAA and uses the slogan `` LGBT + pride in foreign affairs agencies '' to underscore its inclusive composition . GLIFAA was founded in 1992 by fewer than a dozen employees who faced official harassment and potential loss of their jobs simply because of their sexual orientation . The organization has grown to hundreds of Foreign Service , Civil Service , and contract personnel and their families serving in Washington , throughout the U.S. , and at U.S. embassies and missions around the world . Members also include retirees and straight allies in government agencies , while other supporters are affiliate members . Among other accomplishments , GLIFAA succeeded in pressing for the issuance of a non-discrimination policy by Secretary of State Warren Christopher in 1993 , and worked with the U.S. Administration , the management of government agencies , and other employee associations to eliminate barriers for obtaining security clearances and create and implement non-discrimination policies with regard to entry and employment in the U.S. Foreign Service and Civil Service . In addition , the organization worked to improve the situation for the partners of LGBT U.S. Foreign Service personnel serving overseas . GLIFAA met with Secretaries of State Colin Powell , Condoleezza Rice , and Hillary Clinton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "800e33570274b3be82e10988e1b82e0f", "text": "Khartoum Resolution The Khartoum Resolution of 1 September 1967 was issued at the conclusion of the 1967 Arab League summit convened in the wake of the Six-Day War , in Khartoum , the capital of Sudan . The summit lasted from 29 August to 1 September and was attended by eight Arab heads of state : Egypt , Syria , Jordan , Lebanon , Iraq , Algeria , Kuwait , and Sudan . The resolution called for : a continued state of belligerency with Israel , ending the Arab oil boycott declared during the Six-Day War , an end to the North Yemen Civil War , and economic assistance for Egypt and Jordan . It is famous for containing ( in the third paragraph ) what became known as the `` Three No 's '' : `` no peace with Israel , no recognition of Israel , no negotiations with it ... ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1a7e5211e0b6ea4b601e7cf6c2134b1", "text": "Îlham Ehmed Îlham Ehmed is a Syrian-Kurdish politician in Rojava in Northern Syria . She is co-chairperson of the Syrian Democratic Council ( SDC ) , the umbrella organisation of secular , democratic , non-Islamist opposition in Syria . She is a senior member of the Democratic Union Party ( PYD ) and a member of the executive committee of the Movement for a Democratic Society ( TEV-DEM ) coalition . Ehmed is particularily outspoken on the aim of a programmatically polyethnic character of a future Syria . At the start of the Northern Raqqa offensive in November 2016 , she was quoted saying that `` such an administration could provide a good example for democratic change in Raqqa , especially that the city has been for years a de facto capital for the ISIS terrorist group . This accomplishment would be a major change in the overall situation in Syria , and would help the country move towards stability , democratic change . Raqqa will be an example for the whole country . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "635e734cf5f60ce5eccf1a313bac28f6", "text": "Hillary: The Movie Hillary : The Movie is a 2008 political documentary about United States Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton . It was produced by the conservative non-profit organization Citizens United . The film was scheduled to be offered as video-on-demand on cable TV right before the Democratic primaries in January 2008 , but as `` electioneering communication '' to do so was illegal under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which was enforced by the Federal Election Commission . The producers went to U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to get a declaration that they could show their movie and promotional ads for it despite BCRA . This case was titled Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and its final decision at the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a major change in campaign finance law . The documentary interviewed various conservative figures such as Dick Morris and Ann Coulter and reviewed various scandals in which Hillary Clinton purportedly participated , such as the White House travel office controversy , White House FBI files controversy , Whitewater controversy , and cattle futures controversy . The factual finding of the three-judge district court was that there was `` no reasonable interpretation -LSB- of the movie -RSB- other than as an appeal to vote against Senator Clinton '' , thus making it `` electioneering communication '' . The Supreme Court did not change that decision , but applied the strict scrutiny test for the First Amendment of the Constitution and said corporations could not be banned from making electioneering communications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53723e50cc24efcbdae7c99096563fed", "text": "Debbie Wasserman Schultz Deborah Wasserman Schultz -LSB- ˈwɑːsərmən_ˈʃʌlts -RSB- ( born September 27 , 1966 ) is an American politician . She is the U.S. Representative for . She is a member of the Democratic Party and was a former chairperson for the Democratic National Committee . Wasserman Schultz previously served in the Florida House of Representatives and the Florida Senate , and was a national campaign co-chair for Hillary Clinton 's unsuccessful 2008 run for president . She is the first Jewish congresswoman elected from Florida . Her district covers parts of Broward and Miami-Dade Counties , including Fort Lauderdale and Miami Beach . Wasserman Schultz was elected chairperson of the Democratic National Committee in May 2011 , replacing Virginia Senator Tim Kaine . On July 24 , 2016 , Wasserman Schultz announced her resignation from her position after Wikileaks released a collection of hacked emails indicating that Wasserman Schultz and other members of the DNC staff showed bias against the presidential campaign of Senator Bernie Sanders in favor of Hillary Clinton 's campaign . Her resignation was finalized on July 28 following the 2016 Democratic National Convention . She was subsequently appointed honorary chair of the Clinton campaign 's `` 50 state program '' . -LSB- 73 -RSB-", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f57583a1204ffb9fb260591f3f75485", "text": "Hillary Clinton email controversy In March 2015 , it became publicly known that Hillary Clinton , during her tenure as United States Secretary of State , had used her family 's private email server for official communications , rather than official State Department email accounts maintained on federal servers . Those official communications included thousands of emails that would retroactively be marked classified by the State Department . The controversy unfolded against the backdrop of Clinton 's 2016 presidential election campaign and hearings held by the United States House Select Committee on Benghazi . Some experts , officials , and members of Congress have contended that her use of private messaging system software and a private server violated State Department protocols and procedures , as well as federal laws and regulations governing recordkeeping . In response , Clinton has said that her use of personal email was in compliance with federal laws and State Department regulations , and that former secretaries of state had also maintained personal email accounts , though not their own private email servers . After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question contained classified information , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) initiated an investigation regarding the origin and handling of classified emails on Clinton 's server . The FBI Report found that some of the emails originated in five other intelligence agencies . The FBI found that all classified emails on Clinton 's server were stored and sent from `` unclassified systems '' , violating the same policies as those on Clinton 's personal server . FBI Director James Comey identified 110 emails as containing information that was classified at the time it was sent , including 65 emails deemed `` Secret '' and 22 deemed `` Top Secret '' . None of these had classification markings . However , as noted in Clinton 's non-disclosure agreement , unmarked classified information should be treated the same as marked classified information . An additional three email chains contained `` portion markings '' , simply a '' ( C ) '' indicating `` Confidential '' in front of one or more paragraphs . These were not included in Comey 's list of 110 because the State Department failed to confirm they were classified at the time they were sent . Clinton told the FBI she did not know the meaning of '' ( C ) '' . Nearly 2,100 emails on the server were retroactively marked as classified by the State Department . In May 2016 , the State Department 's Office of the Inspector General released an 83-page report about the State Department 's email practices , including Clinton 's . On July 5 , 2016 , Comey announced that the FBI 's investigation had concluded that Clinton was `` extremely careless '' in handling her email system but recommended that no charges be filed against her . On July 6 , 2016 , Attorney General Loretta Lynch announced that no charges would be filed . On July 7 , the State Department reopened its probe into the email controversy . On October 28 , 2016 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had started looking into newly discovered emails that may be pertinent to the case . Law enforcement officials stated the emails were found on a laptop belonging to Clinton aide Huma Abedin 's husband , Anthony Weiner , during an investigation of his sexting scandals . On November 6 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had not changed its conclusion , reached in July , regarding Clinton 's emails .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6221c3913589745db6b8e824a2dac4c", "text": "Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton The sketch comedy television show Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) has for almost three decades aired a number of sketches parodying Hillary Clinton , from her time as First Lady , and during both her unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2016 . A total of nine different performers have played Hillary Clinton on SNL . The array of SNL cast members portraying Clinton has included Jan Hooks , Janeane Garofalo , Vanessa Bayer , Ana Gasteyer , Amy Poehler , and Kate McKinnon . Guest stars playing Clinton have included Drew Barrymore and Rachel Dratch . One sketch even featured Miley Cyrus in a guest appearance as Clinton , rapping : `` What 's up y' all ? I 'm like Hillary Clint , and I wan na be president one day . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c9c0af7dfea258c4f699aad68ee4e10", "text": "List of Hillary Clinton presidential campaign political endorsements, 2016 This is a list of notable individual politicians and political organizations who have publicly indicated support for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 United States presidential election . Public officials serving below the state level and all other individuals and entities are listed only if they have a separate stand-alone article or are otherwise clearly notable . Those who indicated their support after Hillary Clinton 's presumptive nomination on June 11 are denoted with an asterisk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dac1d0510507e92c4e037a2952e38954", "text": "Arab Revolutionary Workers Party The Arab Revolutionary Workers Party ( حزب العمال الثوري العربي Hizb Al - ` Amal Al-Thawriy Al - ` Arabi ) is a political party active in Iraq and Syria . As of 2008 the general secretary of the party is Abdul Hafiz Hafiz . As of 2011 , the chairman of the party is Tariq Abu Al-Hassan . The party was founded in 1966 by Yasin al-Hafiz , as a Marxist splinter group of the Ba'ath Party . The party rejected the Ba'athist ideology of Michel Aflaq as reactionary and backward-looking . Instead the party opted for scientific socialism . Another early prominent leader of the party was Ali Salah Saadi . This split in the Ba'ath Party emerged parallel to the growth of leftist dissent in the Arab Nationalist Movement . The party was active in Lebanon during the 1970s . During the initial years of the Lebanese Civil War ( 1975 -- 76 ) , al-Hafiz lived in Beirut . Al-Hafiz died in Beirut in October 1978 . During the `` Damascus Spring '' , the initial period of Bashar al-Assad 's rule , the party could meet somewhat undisturbed under the guise of the ` Left Forum ' . The party , along with other left-wing groups in Syria , decided to boycott the 2003 parliamentary election . The party was one of the forces behind the National Democratic Gathering and the Damascus Declaration . The party is part of the Syrian opposition and was active in the civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War . On June 30 , 2011 the party took part in forming the National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change . A politburo member of the party , Hazem Al-Nahhar was included in the leadership of the Association . On October 10 , 2011 the party decided to withdraw from the Coordination , but retained its commitment to working with the National Democratic Rally .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4aa3110fddb49064dcb420c0e6e6f1b2	Kristen Bell is in comedy films.	[ { "docid": "0d2a8709b92b8519760fa31d6756b8d1", "text": "Kristen Bell Kristen Anne Bell ( born July 18 , 1980 ) is an American actress and singer . She began her acting career starring in stage productions and attended the Tisch School of Arts in New York . In 2001 , she made her Broadway debut as Becky Thatcher in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and starred in the Broadway revival of The Crucible the following year . In 2004 , she had a supporting role in the film Spartan and received praise for her first leading performance in Gracie 's Choice . Bell gained critical acclaim for her first major role as the title character in the teen noir drama television series Veronica Mars ( 2004 -- 07 ) . For her performance she was awarded a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television . She reprised the eponymous role in the 2014 film continuation of the series . During her time on Veronica Mars , Bell appeared as Mary Lane in the film Reefer Madness : The Movie Musical ( 2005 ) , a reprise of the role she had played in the New York musical upon which the film was based . In 2007 , Bell joined the cast of the sci-fi series Heroes , playing the character Elle Bishop , for which she was nominated for a Saturn Award . In 2008 , she had her breakout film role as the title character in Forgetting Sarah Marshall . She has since appeared in a number of comedy films , such as Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , When in Rome ( 2010 ) , You Again ( 2010 ) , and The Boss ( 2016 ) . Bell garnered further recognition for voicing Princess Anna in the Disney film Frozen ( 2013 ) , the short film Frozen Fever ( 2015 ) , and the upcoming Frozen 2 . She also starred as the female lead on the Showtime series House of Lies . Since 2016 , she has starred in the main role of Eleanor Shellstrop on the NBC comedy series The Good Place . Bell married actor Dax Shepard in 2013 , with whom she has two daughters .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "703520e1e855eac34fae73102e79563b", "text": "Masterminds (2016 film) Masterminds is a 2016 American comedy film based on the 1997 Loomis Fargo Robbery in North Carolina . Directed by Jared Hess and written by Chris Bowman , Hubbel Palmer and Emily Spivey , the film stars Zach Galifianakis , Kate McKinnon , Owen Wilson , Kristen Wiig , Jason Sudeikis and Leslie Jones . It premiered in Los Angeles on September 26 , 2016 , and was theatrically released in the United States on September 30 , 2016 , by Relativity Media . The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $ 29 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d207e820ec0ed7928ffea5e49946c60", "text": "Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) `` Wedding Bell Blues '' is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American comedy-drama series Gilmore Girls and the show 's 100th episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino , the episode was originally broadcast on The WB in the United States on February 8 , 2005 . The episode features the renewal of vows by Emily ( Kelly Bishop ) and Richard Gilmore ( Edward Herrmann ) . Their daughter Lorelai Gilmore ( Lauren Graham ) and their granddaughter Rory Gilmore ( Alexis Bledel ) serve as maid of honor and best man , respectively . `` Wedding Bell Blues '' received positive reviews from television critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b830dc799a301180d4d9de6e33fd810", "text": "Kristen Wiig Kristen Carroll Wiig ( -LSB- ˈwɪɡ -RSB- born August 22 , 1973 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer , and producer . She is known for her work on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live ( 2005 -- 12 ) , and such films as Bridesmaids , The Martian , and Ghostbusters . Wiig was born in Canandaigua , New York , and raised in Lancaster , Pennsylvania , and Rochester , New York . Wiig attended the University of Arizona , where she majored in Fine Art . She later relocated to Los Angeles , where she broke into comedy as a member of the improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings and made her television debut in 2003 . Wiig joined the cast of Saturday Night Live in 2005 and the following year she co-starred in the Christmas comedy film Unaccompanied Minors . After appearing in a series of supporting roles in comedy films such as Adventureland , Whip It , and Paul , she starred in and co-wrote the screenplay for Bridesmaids , which was both critically and commercially successful . Wiig received seven consecutive Emmy Awards nominations and has been nominated for an Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Feature Production for her work on Despicable Me 2 . In 2012 , Bridesmaids earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress -- Musical or Comedy , as well as nominations for the Academy Award and BAFTA for Best Original Screenplay and a SAG Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Cast . She was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her role as Cynthia Morehouse in the miniseries The Spoils of Babylon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1461a6eaf140854903dcea08ec907843", "text": "Worst Friends (2014 film) Worst Friends is an American comedy film , written , produced and directed by Ralph Arend . The film stars Richard Tanne , Noah Barrow , Kristen Connolly , and Cody Horn , with Larry Fessenden , Geoffrey Arend , and Kathryn Erbe and was released on November 4 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "694dada184a2cffa3c91241da5db7b79", "text": "Not Another Happy Ending Not Another Happy Ending is a 2013 British romantic comedy film directed by John McKay , starring Karen Gillan , Stanley Weber and Freya Mavor . Produced by Claire Mundell and Wendy Griffin , and written by David Solomons , the film premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 30 June 2013 . It was largely shot in Glasgow 's Merchant City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d24a144c7f04156412424f0c54ed639d", "text": "Good Kids Good Kids is an American comedy film written and directed by Chris McCoy , the project McCoy 's first feature-length film . The film stars Nicholas Braun , Zoey Deutch , Mateo Arias , Dayo Okeniyi , Julia Garner , and Ashley Judd . The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on October 21 , 2016 , by Vertical Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ba1ac0b31f8704d298cb1f4ebc8c39", "text": "Carlson Young Carlson Young ( born ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles on Disney Channel 's As the Bell Rings , the film Premature , Comedy Central 's Key & Peele , and for her role as Brooke Maddox in the main cast of MTV 's Scream television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32137e687b2e1271d8c3f4ca61a79815", "text": "Goats (film) Goats is a 2012 comedy-drama film directed by Christopher Neil and written by Mark Poirier based on his 2000 novel Goats . The film stars David Duchovny , Vera Farmiga , Graham Phillips , Keri Russell , Justin Kirk , and Ty Burrell . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2012 , and was given a limited release in the United States on August 10 , 2012 by Image Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c44301fae2ba2e39e067c1078279ff38", "text": "I'm Reed Fish I 'm Reed Fish is an American romantic comedy film based on a story by Reed Fish , and released theatrically on June 1 , 2007 . The film was directed by Zackary Adler and stars Alexis Bledel , Jay Baruchel , and Schuyler Fisk . Jay Baruchel won the Best Actor award at the U.S. Comedy Arts Festival in 2007 for his role of Reed Fish . The film was released to DVD on September 4 , 2007", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1da36a33d9b532cd6ff817e8139989", "text": "Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "050592e8d67997c29c783d549ac50f2c", "text": "A. Dean Bell A. Dean Bell is an American filmmaker . He is best known for the feature film drama What Alice Found , a Sundance Award-winner and New York Times `` Critic 's Pick . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d31d89e3351843666528d31531ed28ee", "text": "Kristen Kelly Kristen Kelly is an American country music singer from Lorena , Texas . She is signed to Arista Nashville and has released her debut single , `` Ex-Old Man '' . The song is the first from her forthcoming debut album , produced by Tony Brown and Paul Overstreet . Country Universe gave the song a B + , praising the sound as `` back-to-basics '' . It debuted at number 60 on the Hot Country Songs chart dated May 12 , 2012 . Kelly has also joined Brad Paisley 's 2012 Virtual Reality World Tour . There has been controversy over her debut single using a riff without permission from New Zealand band OMC 's single `` How Bizarre '' , which reached number one in the US in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab5fe3de66e29b040c935a3088f0243b", "text": "A Good Marriage (film) A Good Marriage is a 2014 American psychological thriller film based on the novella of the same name by Stephen King , from the 2010 collection Full Dark , No Stars . It stars Joan Allen , Anthony LaPaglia , Kristen Connolly and Stephen Lang . It was released on October 3 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3677cc3b9ea48c26adb8e57306f6e0ff", "text": "Bromantic comedy A bromantic comedy is a comedy film genre that takes the formula of the typical `` romantic comedy '' but focuses on close male friendships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "201527d5975d379c612591829f462929", "text": "Chokeslam (film) Chokeslam is a 2016 wrestling/comedy film directed by Robert Cuffley and starring Chris Marquette , Amanda Crew , Niall Matter , Michael Eklund and Mick Foley . It premiered at the Calgary International Film Festival in October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e15dcc040ff6e5899c5d01f77df9dc6", "text": "Comedy rock Comedy rock is rock music mixed with comedy , often satire and parody .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fefdfbe184d8640dd5fa6b60d73c2f7", "text": "This Is the End This Is the End is a 2013 American disaster comedy film directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and stars Rogen , James Franco , Jonah Hill , Jay Baruchel , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Michael Cera and Emma Watson . The story features real life actors playing fictionalized versions of themselves in the aftermath of a global biblical apocalypse . The film premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3 , 2013 and was released in the United States on June 14 , 2013 by Columbia Pictures , before being re-released on September 6 , 2013 . The film grossed $ 126 million on a $ 32 million budget . The film makes references to the past movies of the cast , including Spider-Man , Million Dollar Baby , Forrest Gump , Superbad , Pineapple Express , Moneyball , Your Highness , The Green Hornet , 127 Hours and the Harry Potter film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c54f418778287f4b8f66f525226687", "text": "Playing It Cool Playing It Cool ( formerly known as A Many Splintered Thing ) is an American romantic comedy film directed by Justin Reardon and written by Chris Shafer and Paul Vicknair . The film stars Chris Evans , Michelle Monaghan , Anthony Mackie , Aubrey Plaza , Patrick Warburton , Ashley Tisdale , Ioan Gruffudd , and Topher Grace . The film was released on video on demand starting on March 31 , 2015 before a limited release on May 8 , 2015 by Vertical Entertainment .", "title": "" } ]	fever
57dce6a2743c15244ebffd4aaf6dbb8e	The United States was not once 13 British colonies.	[ { "docid": "64b2d5472ff53b8ccf519c4471ea7a0a", "text": "United States The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. ) or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse . At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco . Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States ( OAS ) , and other international organizations . The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c101c419b742666d0f8fe7229c0a23b6", "text": "American poetry american ' poetry '' ' , the poetry of the United States , arose first as efforts by colonists to add their voices to English poetry in the 17th century , well before the constitutional unification of the thirteen colonies ( although before this unification , a strong oral tradition often likened to poetry existed among Native American societies ) . Unsurprisingly , most of the early colonists ' work relied on contemporary British models of poetic form , diction , and theme . However , in the 19th century , a distinctive American idiom began to emerge . By the later part of that century , when Walt Whitman was winning an enthusiastic audience abroad , poets from the United States had begun to take their place at the forefront of the English-language avant-garde '' . The history of American poetry is not easy to know . Much of the American poetry published between 1910 and 1945 remains lost in the pages of small circulation political periodicals , particularly the ones on the far left , destroyed by librarians during the 1950s McCarthy era . The received narrative of Modernism proposes that Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot were perhaps the most influential modernist English-language poets in the period during World War I . But this narrative leaves out African American and women poets who were published and read widely in the first half of the twentieth century . By the 1960s , the young poets of the British Poetry Revival looked to their American contemporaries and predecessors as models for the kind of poetry they wanted to write . Toward the end of the millennium , consideration of American poetry had diversified , as scholars placed an increased emphasis on poetry by women , African Americans , Hispanics , Chicanos and other cultural groupings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cfcc0dc74b6c48504e71b377dce1e14", "text": "A Summary View of the Rights of British America A Summary View of the Rights of British America was a tract written by Thomas Jefferson in 1774 , before the U.S. Declaration of Independence , in which he laid out for delegates to the First Continental Congress a set of grievances against King George III , especially against the King 's and Parliament 's response to the Boston Tea Party . Jefferson declares that the British Parliament did not have the right to govern the Thirteen Colonies . He argues that since the individual colonies were founded they were independent of British rule . Jefferson , in this work , held that allodial title , not feudal title , was held to American lands , and thus the people did not owe fees and rents for that land to the British crown . The work was presented to , and debated by , the First Continental Congress . When this took place , Jefferson did not attend . Despite his attempts , Congress agreed to a more moderate decision than Jefferson 's proposed concept . Despite not being able to completely convince Congress , friends of Jefferson printed the Summary in a pamphlet form . It was distributed throughout London , New York and Philadelphia . Research states that the document `` helped establish Jefferson 's reputation as a skillful , if radical , political writer . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb5456258f87a763741dca70112ea182", "text": "Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) A timeline of United States inventions ( before 1890 ) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context , dating from the Colonial Period to the Gilded Age , which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States . Copyright protection secures a person 's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the original invention in question , highlighted in Article I , Section 8 , Clause 8 of the United States Constitution , which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress : In 1641 , the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt . On April 10 , 1790 , President George Washington signed the Patent Act of 1790 ( 1 Stat . 109 ) into law proclaiming that patents were to be authorized for `` any useful art , manufacture , engine , machine , or device , or any improvement therein not before known or used '' . On July 31 , 1790 , Samuel Hopkins of Pittsford , Vermont became the first person in the United States to file and to be granted a patent for an improved method of `` Making Pot and Pearl Ashes '' . The Patent Act of 1836 ( Ch . 357 , 5 Stat . 117 ) further clarified United States patent law to the extent of establishing a patent office where patent applications are filed , processed , and granted , contingent upon the language and scope of the claimant 's invention , for a patent term of 14 years with an extension of up to an additional 7 years . However , the Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994 ( URAA ) changed the patent term in the United States to a total of 20 years , effective for patent applications filed on or after June 8 , 1995 , thus bringing United States patent law further into conformity with international patent law . The modern-day provisions of the law applied to inventions are laid out in Title 35 of the United States Code ( Ch . 950 , sec . 1 , 66 Stat . 792 ) . From 1836 to 2011 , the United States Patent and Trademark Office ( USPTO ) has granted a total of 7,861,317 patents relating to several well-known inventions appearing throughout the timeline below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1e1246626869d43d25992b6adbacfb7", "text": "Freedom suit Freedom suits were lawsuits in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States filed by enslaved people against slaveholders to assert claims to freedom , often based on descent from a free maternal ancestor , or time held as a resident in a free state or territory . The right to petition for freedom descended from English common law and allowed people to challenge their enslavement or indenture . Petitioners challenged slavery both directly and indirectly , even if slaveholders generally viewed such petitions as a means to uphold rather than undermine slavery . Beginning with the colonies in North America , legislatures enacted slave laws that created a legal basis for `` just subjection ; '' these were adopted or updated by the state and territorial legislatures that superseded them after the United States gained independence . These codes also enabled enslaved persons to sue for freedom based on wrongful enslavement . While some cases were tried during the colonial period , the majority of petitions for freedom were heard during the antebellum period in the border or the Southern United States . After the American Revolution , most northern states abolished slavery and were considered `` free . '' The United States Congress prohibited slavery in some newly established territories , and some new states were admitted to the union as free states . The rise in travel and migration of masters with slaves between free and slave states resulted in conditions that gave rise to slaves suing for freedom . Many free states had residency limits for masters who brought slaves into their territory ; after that time , the slave would be considered free . Some slaves sued for wrongful enslavement after being held in a free state . Other grounds for suit were that the person was freeborn and illegally held in slavery , or that the person was illegally held because of being descended from a freeborn woman in the maternal line . The principle of partus sequitur ventrem , first incorporated into English colonial slavery law by a 1662 statute in Virginia , established that children 's status was that of the mother . It was adopted into law by other English colonies , and the states of the United States . In Saint Louis , Missouri records of nearly 300 petition cases have been found that were filed between 1807 and 1860 , and in Washington , D.C. nearly 500 petition cases were filed in the same period . A large portion of cases , as much as one-third , either never went to trial or were settled out of court . In the early nineteenth century in St. Louis and in Washington , D.C. , nearly half of the attorneys at the bar may have acted as counsel for slave petitions . In Missouri , the courts assigned an attorney to the petitioner if it accepted a freedom suit for hearing ; some of the top attorneys in St. Louis defended slaves . After the 1830s , the number of petition cases gradually declined . But from 1800 to 1830 , most of the bar in these cities tried a petition case . Before the end of the eighteenth century , some southern states began to make petitioning for freedom more difficult . Maryland , for example , in 1796 required that county courts serve as the court of original jurisdiction , rather than the General Court of the Western Shore , an appellate court . The county courts clearly would be more favorable to the interests and views of the local planters against whom these suits were often filed . The legislature also banned those with antislavery sympathies from serving on juries in freedom suits . Virginia passed a similar law on jury composition in 1798 . But , for a few decades , courts in slave states such as Louisiana , Mississippi , and Missouri often respected the precedent of `` once free , always free '' established by free states . Until the late 1850s , they ruled that slaves who had been held in free states maintained their freedom even if brought back into slave states . Until the Civil War brought an end to slavery , thousands of freedom suits were tried in state courts across the country , with some slaves petitioning as high as the Supreme Court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5668bb9e5dbf4c3a2e1088f60b7aefaf", "text": "Judiciary Act of 1802 The United States Judiciary Act of 1802 ( 2 Stat . 156 ) was a Federal statute , enacted on April 29 , 1802 , to reorganize the federal court system . It restored some elements of the Judiciary Act of 1801 , which had been adopted by the Federalist majority in the previous Congress , but was repealed by the Democratic-Republican majority earlier in 1802 . The Act restructured the circuit courts into six circuits , and assigned one Supreme Court justice to each circuit . Unlike the 1801 Act , no new circuit judgeships were created , so the justices were faced with having to return to the practice of `` riding circuit '' to hold court in each district within their circuit , along with the local district judge , during the majority of the year . No circuit courts were created for the judicial districts of Kentucky , Tennessee , Maine , or the territories , although the 1801 Act would have done so . Since the circuit courts were now to consist of only two judges , the Act permitted them to certify to the Supreme Court any question of law on which the two could not agree . Also , the district judge was not permitted to hear appeals of his own decisions , so appeals from the district courts were decided by the circuit justice alone . But the most important part of the Act was the provision that a quorum of only one judge was needed to convene a circuit court . As a result , Supreme Court justices could often rely on district court judges to convene circuit courts . With circuit riding largely optional , Supreme Court justices were no longer saddled with what they had previously felt was a tremendous burden . The Act 's flexibility proved crucial to the demise of circuit riding , which essentially disappeared by 1840 . The Act also created additional district courts by dividing the District of North Carolina into the districts of Albemarle , Cape Fear , and Pamptico , and by dividing the District of Tennessee into the Eastern and Western Districts of Tennessee . No new judgeships were created for these courts ; however , the district judges in North Carolina and Tennessee had to hold court in each district within their state , and the North Carolina judge also had to sit on the circuit court ( which , however , continued to sit for the state as a whole , not in the separate district court districts ) . The Act established a United States District Court for the District of Columbia , although this court is not the direct predecessor of today 's court bearing the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6708b29c5fa3a6378659dc3593f87aeb", "text": "Origins of the War of 1812 The War of 1812 , a war between the United States , Great Britain , and Britain 's Indian allies , lasted from 1812 to 1815 . The U.S. declared war and historians have long debated the multiple factors behind that decision . There were several immediate stated causes for the U.S. declaration of war : First , a series of trade restrictions introduced by Britain to impede American trade with France , a country with which Britain was at war ( the U.S. contested these restrictions as illegal under international law ) ; second , the impressment ( forced recruitment ) of U.S. seamen into the Royal Navy ; third , the British military support for American Indians who were offering armed resistance to the expansion of the American frontier to the Northwest ; fourth , a possible desire on the part of the United States to annex Canada . An implicit but powerful motivation for the Americans was the desire to uphold national honor in the face of what they considered to be British insults ( such as the Chesapeake affair ) . American expansion into the Northwest ( Ohio , Indiana , Michigan , Illinois and Wisconsin ) was impeded by Indian raids . Some Canadian historians in the early 20th century maintained that Americans had wanted to seize parts of Canada , a view that many Canadians still share , while others argue that inducing the fear of such a seizure had merely been a U.S. tactic designed to obtain a bargaining chip . Some members of the British Parliament at the time and dissident American politicians such as John Randolph of Roanoke claimed that land hunger rather than maritime disputes was the main motivation for the American declaration . However , some historians , both Canadian and American , retain the view that desire to annex all or part of Canada was an American goal . Although the British made some concessions before the war on neutral trade , they insisted on the right to reclaim their deserting sailors . The British also had the long-standing goal of creating a large `` neutral '' Indian state that would cover much of Ohio , Indiana and Michigan . They made the demand as late as 1814 at the peace conference , but lost battles that would have validated their claims . The war was fought in four theatres : on the oceans , where the warships and privateers of both sides preyed on each other 's merchant shipping ; along the Atlantic coast of the U.S. , which was blockaded with increasing severity by the British , who also mounted large-scale raids in the later stages of the war ; on the long frontier , running along the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River , which separated the U.S. from Upper and Lower Canada ( Ontario and Quebec ) ; and finally along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico . During the course of the war , both the Americans and British launched invasions of each other 's territory , all of which were unsuccessful or gained only temporary success . At the end of the war , the British held parts of Maine and some outposts in the sparsely populated West while the Americans held Canadian territory near Detroit , but these occupied territories were restored at the end of the war . In the United States , battles such as New Orleans and the earlier successful defence of Baltimore ( which inspired the lyrics of the U.S. national anthem , The Star-Spangled Banner ) produced a sense of euphoria over a `` second war of independence '' against Britain . It ushered in an `` Era of Good Feelings , '' in which the partisan animosity that had once verged on treason practically vanished . Canada also emerged from the war with a heightened sense of national feeling and solidarity . Britain , which had regarded the war as a sideshow to the Napoleonic Wars raging in Europe , was less affected by the fighting ; its government and people subsequently welcomed an era of peaceful relations with the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e3023260513f9eb0f8d42f8d8e582d", "text": "Colonization Colonization ( or colonisation ) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components . The term is derived from the Latin word colere , which means `` to inhabit '' . Also , colonization refers strictly to migration , for example , to settler colonies in America or Australia , trading posts , and plantations , while colonialism deals with this , along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled `` new territories '' . Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world . In many settled colonies , Western European settlers formed a large majority of the population . Examples include the Americas , Australia and New Zealand . These colonies were occasionally called ` neo-Europes ' . In other places , Western European settlers formed minority groups , who were often dominant in their places of settlement . When Britain started to settle Australia , New Zealand and various other smaller islands , they often regarded the landmasses as terra nullius . Terra nullius meaning 'em pty land ' in Latin . Due to the absence of European farming techniques , the land was deemed unaltered by man and therefore treated as uninhabited , despite the presence of indigenous populations . In the 19th century , laws and ideas such as Mexico 's General Colonization Law and the United States ' Manifest destiny encouraged further colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "894436de189b7cdf992d86dc6f07a8cc", "text": "Annapolis Convention (1786) The Annapolis Convention , formally titled as a Meeting of Commissioners to Remedy Defects of the Federal Government was a national political convention held September 11 -- 14 , 1786 at Mann 's Tavern in Annapolis , Maryland , in which twelve delegates from five states -- New Jersey , New York , Pennsylvania , Delaware , and Virginia -- gathered to discuss and develop a consensus about reversing the protectionist trade barriers that each state had erected . At the time , under the Articles of Confederation , each state was largely independent from the others and the national government had no authority to regulate trade between and among the states . Additionally , New Hampshire , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , and North Carolina had appointed commissioners who failed to arrive in Annapolis in time to attend the meeting , while Connecticut , Maryland , South Carolina , and Georgia had taken no action at all . The final report of the convention , adopted unanimously , was sent to the Congress and to the states . It sought support for a broader constitutional convention to be held the following May in Philadelphia . It expressed the hope that more states would be represented and that their delegates or deputies would be authorized to examine areas broader than simply commercial trade . Because of the few representatives in attendance , their authority was limited . It is unclear how much weight the convention 's call carried , but the urgency of the need for constitutional reform was highlighted by a number of rebellions that took place all over the country . While most of them were easily suppressed , Shays ' Rebellion lasted from August 1786 until February 1787 . The rebellion called attention to both popular discontent and government weakness . The direct result of the Annapolis Convention report and the ensuing events was the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 , during which the United States Constitution was drafted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "310537071392907853423c7c5ec56c8e", "text": "Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation , formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution . Its drafting by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress began on July 12 , 1776 , and an approved version was sent to the states for ratification on November 15 , 1777 . The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1 , 1781 , after being ratified by all 13 states . A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states . The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament . The Articles formed a war-time confederation of states , with an extremely limited central government . Even unratified , the document was used by the Congress to conduct business , direct the American Revolutionary War , conduct diplomacy with foreign nations , and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations . Actually the adoption of the Articles made no perceptible change in the federal government , because it did little more than legalize what the Continental Congress had been doing . That body was now taken over as the Congress of the Confederation ; but Americans continued to call it the Continental Congress , since its organization remained the same . As the Confederation Congress attempted to govern the continually growing American states , delegates discovered that the limitations placed upon the central government rendered it ineffective at doing so . As the government 's weaknesses became apparent , especially after Shays ' Rebellion , individuals began asking for changes to the Articles . Their hope was to create a stronger national government . Initially , some states met to deal with their trade and economic problems . However , as more states became interested in meeting to change the Articles , a meeting was set in Philadelphia on May 25 , 1787 . This became the Constitutional Convention . It was quickly realized that changes would not work , and instead the entire Articles needed to be replaced . On March 4 , 1789 , the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the Constitution . The new Constitution provided for a much stronger federal government by establishing a chief executive ( the President ) , courts , and taxing powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20cdc63b4c671451044cd22dfbf1c31c", "text": "Newspapers in the United States Newspapers in the United States have been published since the 18th century and are an integral part of the culture of the United States . Although a few newspapers including the New York Times , USA Today , and the Wall Street Journal are sold throughout the United States , most U.S. newspapers are published for city or regional markets . The New York Times is often referred to as the United States ' `` newspaper of record '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe56a3314879f5cc84d020a6590beb7d", "text": "Flag of New England There is no official Flag of New England . Consequently , `` the Flag of New England '' can refer to any number of historical and modern banners used to represent Massachusetts , the New England Colonies , or the six states in the New England region of the northeastern United States . There are some variations , but common designs include a plain colored field ( usually red ) with a pine tree in the canton . Pinus strobus , the eastern white pine , is the most common symbol of New England and most often represents that tree 's former importance in shipbuilding and New England maritime culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee4eedd5cd5a0bcb807cf82134b1ec05", "text": "The Federal Union The Federal Union : A History of the United States to 1877 ( originally published as The Federal Union : A History of the United States to 1865 ) is history of the United States written by John D. Hicks , George E. Mowry and Robert E. Burke . First published in 1937 , it covered the period from the discovery of the Americas in 1492 to the end of the Civil War in 1865 . Four revised editions followed that also covered the Reconstruction Era up to 1877 , and accordingly were published with an updated subtitle . The fifth and final edition appeared in 1970 . The Federal Union was primarily written as a university-level textbook , and was published with accompanying manuals for instructors and for students . It was the first of a two-volume set . The second volume was entitled The American Nation : 1865 to the Present . An abridged one-volume edition first appeared in 1946 as A Short History of American Democracy . The book was aimed at undergraduate students , other readers appreciated its qualities . For example , historian George Fort Milton admired Hicks 's `` capacity for extraordinary compression without at the same time either getting the style too bare-bones for pleasurable reading ; or the facts too black-and-white for the necessary implications of gradations of gray . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70bae3cc696e13bbf26e7ed122da9606", "text": "Virgin Islands Americans Virgin Islands Americans are Americans from the U.S. Virgin Islands or British Virgin Islands who reside in the continental United States , or continental Americans of Virgin Islands heritage . Persons born in the U.S. Virgin Islands are United States citizens , and as a result do not go through the legal immigration procedures a typical West Indies immigrant would . They are also , due to cultural affinities with the Anglophone Caribbean , U.S. Virgin Islanders in the U.S. are considered part of the Caribbean American immigrant community . It is difficult to determine how many Virgin Islanders reside in the United States . According to the 2000 U.S. Census , there are 15,014 of U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry residing in the continental United States . However , a count of American residents with `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry '' excludes most U.S. Virgin Islands-born immigrants in the United States . Because of a high incidence of inter-Caribbean migration throughout the 1960s and 1970s , most native-born U.S. Virgin Islanders today are one or two generations removed from other Caribbean islands and would not necessarily define themselves as having `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry . '' For example , Tim Duncan is a St. Croix native with Anguillian ancestry . The population of immigrants of British Virgin Islands origin in the United States is also difficult to determine , as they are not specifically counted in the U.S. Census , but grouped with other Caribbean British Overseas Territories as `` British West Indies . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68cf6d259bec0756633e34e10c68a3d3", "text": "Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States Opposition to the War of 1812 was widespread in the United States , especially in New England . Many New Englanders opposed the conflict on political , economic , and religious grounds . When embargo failed to remedy the situation and Great Britain refused to rescind the Orders in Council ( 1807 ) and France continued its decrees , certain Democratic-Republicans known as war hawks felt compelled to go to war . Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun pushed a declaration of war through Congress , stressing a short war had the added benefit of permitting the United States to grab valuable farmlands in the British colony of Canada . Vehement protests erupted in those parts of the country where the opposition Federalist political party held sway , especially in Connecticut and Massachusetts . The governors of these two states as well as Rhode Island refused to place their state militias under federal control for duty outside of their respective states . In the elections that followed in a few months , some members of Congress who voted for war , paid the price . Eight New England congressmen were rejected by the voters , and several others saw the writing on the wall and declined to seek reelection . There was a complete turnover of the New Hampshire delegation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d2b3b05df919f5c506940bf8a7f6dc", "text": "Illinois Illinois ( -LSB- ɪlᵻˈnɔɪ -RSB- ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States , achieving statehood in 1818 . It is the 6th-most populous state and 25th-largest state in terms of land area , and is noted as a microcosm of the entire country . The word `` Illinois '' comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word . With Chicago in the northeast , small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois , and natural resources like coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub . The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean , as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway . For decades , O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics . Although today the state 's largest population center is around Chicago in the northern part of the state , the state 's European population grew first in the west , with French Canadian colonists who settled along the Mississippi River in the 17th and 18th century , and gave the area the name , `` Pays des Illinois '' or Illinois Country a region that was known as part of New France . After the American Revolutionary War established the United States , American settlers began arriving crossing the Appalachians barrier range in the 1810s via the gaps of the Allegheny to boat building centers in Pittsburgh , from Cumberland , Maryland via the Cumberland Narrows pass to outfit in Brownsville , Pennsylvania , from North Carolina and Virginia via the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky and Tennessee , all on the Ohio River . With the War of 1812 , the growth of Illinois slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier . After the war 's end , the federal government re-established forts such as Fort Dearborn ( in 1816 -- now the site is within Chicago ) and army patrols west of the Mississippi diminished the threat from Amerindian raids , so settlers were able to move into all of Illinois from the eastern and southern emigrant trails . Mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration -- by the 1810s , the Eastern U.S. had exhausted most timber stands close to the established cities creating a hard felt first energy crisis by the late-1790s , and after 1818 , the industrial revolution was being fueled by new canals such as the Lehigh Canal feeding the furnaces of the rapidly industrializing east coast . Also in 1818 , Illinois achieved statehood and its growth , as yet untroubled by the speed of as yet unrefined railway technology , would be fueled by the new religion of industrialized forward thinking . After construction of the Erie Canal with increasing traffic and trade through the Great Lakes , Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River , at one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan . John Deere 's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois ' rich prairie into some of the world 's most productive and valuable farmlands , attracting new immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden . Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s , and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois , as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets . Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other mid-western states from the tyranny of water transport ; no longer was a location near a river or canal a need to ship bulk goods . By 1900 , the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants , from Eastern and Southern Europe . Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars . The Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago , who created the city 's famous jazz and blues cultures . Three U.S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois : Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses S. Grant , and most recently Barack Obama . Additionally , Ronald Reagan , whose political career was based in California , was the only U.S. president born and raised in Illinois . Today , Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state nickname `` The Land of Lincoln , '' which has been displayed on its license plates since 1954 . The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the state capital of Springfield , and the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be completed in Chicago by 2020 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "809debc50290939b0a441d22a591fe44", "text": "Non-Hispanic whites Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin or `` Anglo '' '' ' , '' are people in the United States who , as defined by the Census Bureau , are considered racially white and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity . Non-Hispanic whites are a subcategory of white Americans , the other being white Hispanic and Latino Americans . Although generally all nations in Europe have contributed to the white population through emigration to Northern America in the last few centuries , the majority of non-Hispanic whites trace their origins to Northwestern Europe while other major sources originate in Southern and Eastern Europe ; German , Irish , and English ancestries are the most common . In the United States , this population was first derived from English ( and , to a lesser degree , French ) settlement of the Americas , as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century ( see History of the United States ) . Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries , especially Germany , Ireland , England , Spain , Greece , Sweden and Norway , as well as Poland , Russia , and many more countries . In 2011 , for the first time in U.S. history , non-Hispanic whites accounted for under half of the births in the country , with 49.6 % of total births . At 197.2 million in 2012 , non-Hispanic whites comprise 62.8 % of the total U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f8eae82a811d860f395f9b32b466621", "text": "Cultural assimilation of Native Americans The cultural assimilation of Native Americans was an assimilation effort by the United States to transform Native American culture to European -- American culture between the years of 1790 -- 1920 . George Washington and Henry Knox were first to propose , in an American context , the cultural transformation of Native Americans . They formulated a policy to encourage the `` civilizing '' process . With increased waves of immigration from Europe , there was growing public support for education to encourage a standard set of cultural values and practices to be held in common by the majority of citizens . Education was viewed as the primary method in the acculturation process for minorities . Americanization policies were based on the idea that when indigenous people learned United States ( American ) customs and values , they would be able to merge tribal traditions with American culture and peacefully join the majority of the society . After the end of the Indian Wars , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries , the government outlawed the practice of traditional religious ceremonies . It established Native American boarding schools which children were required to attend . In these schools they were forced to speak English , study standard subjects , attend church , and leave tribal traditions behind . The Dawes Act of 1887 , which allotted tribal lands in severalty to individuals , was seen as a way to create individual homesteads for Native Americans . Land allotments were made in exchange for Native Americans ' becoming US citizens and giving up some forms of tribal self-government and institutions . It resulted in the transfer of an estimated total of 93 e6acre from Native American control . Most was sold to individuals or given out free through the Homestead law , or given directly to Indians as individuals . The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 was also part of Americanization policy ; it gave full citizenship to all Indians living on reservations . The leading opponent of forced assimilation was John Collier , who directed the federal Office of Indian Affairs from 1933 to 1945 , and tried to reverse many of the established policies .", "title": "" } ]	fever
859475e44b12dc09a0598c2907d4dff7	Georgia Institute of Technology is located in Atlanta.	[ { "docid": "12106cb2d415bb07fbf66a5818cd7840", "text": "Georgia Institute of Technology The Georgia Institute of Technology ( commonly referred to as Georgia Tech , Tech , or GT ) is a public research university in Atlanta , Georgia , in the United States . It is a part of the University System of Georgia and has satellite campuses in Savannah , Georgia ; Metz , France ; Athlone , Ireland ; Shenzhen , China ; and Singapore . The educational institution was founded in 1885 as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War Southern United States . Initially , it offered only a degree in mechanical engineering . By 1901 , its curriculum had expanded to include electrical , civil , and chemical engineering . In 1948 , the school changed its name to reflect its evolution from a trade school to a larger and more capable technical institute and research university . Today , Georgia Tech is organized into six colleges and contains about 31 departments/units , with emphasis on science and technology . It is well recognized for its degree programs in engineering , computing , business administration , the sciences , design , and liberal arts . Georgia Tech is ranked 7th among all public national universities in the United States and 34th among all colleges and universities in U.S. News & World Report rankings , Georgia Tech is also highly regarded internationally for its engineering and business programs , and has been ranked as the `` smartest '' public college in America ( based on average standardized test scores ) . Student athletics , both organized and intramural , are a part of student and alumni life . The school 's intercollegiate competitive sports teams , the four-time football national champion Yellow Jackets , and the nationally recognized fight song `` Ramblin ' Wreck from Georgia Tech '' , have helped keep Georgia Tech in the national spotlight . Georgia Tech fields eight men 's and seven women 's teams that compete in the NCAA Division I athletics and the Football Bowl Subdivision . Georgia Tech is a member of the Coastal Division in the Atlantic Coast Conference .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "36eb014e508ea4632e8fbac1ad82d1d0", "text": "Student Competition Center The Student Competition Center is the official home of the student competition teams at Georgia Tech . These teams include GT Motorsports , GT Offroad , Solar Racing ( formerly SolarJackets ) , RoboJackets , Wreck Racing , HyTech Racing , and the EcoCAR team . The building , operated by the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , provides teams with the necessary facilities to participate in their respective competitions . The facility is located at 575 14th Street in Atlanta , GA , adjacent to the Georgia Tech campus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "310cbc80eeaf28701f6d8edbc9bc9cd8", "text": "SoNo, Atlanta SoNo ( South of North Avenue ) is a sub-district of downtown Atlanta , Georgia , just south of Midtown . The area was defined and named by Central Atlanta Progress in 2005 in order to better establish an identity for the area and give it a hipper image , although Atlanta natives have never given credence to the name of the neighborhood . SoNo refers to the area of Downtown bounded by North Avenue on the north , Central Park Place on the east and the Downtown Connector ( Interstate-75 / 85 ) on the west and south . Ongoing urban renewal efforts in the new neighborhood seek to establish a chic cultural identity for the underdeveloped area , as well as reunite the Midtown and Downtown commercial districts ( which have remained mostly divided since the construction of the Downtown Connector through the heart of the city ) , including a proposed `` interstate cap '' over the highway that would extend Mayor 's Park south along Peachtree Street to Baker Street . SoNo is home to several attractions , including Emory University Hospital Midtown , the Atlanta Civic Center , Shakespeare Tavern and the Bank of America Plaza , the city 's tallest building . It also is home to the historic Baltimore Block and Rufus M. Rose House . SoNo 's centerpiece Renaissance and Central Parks were also the site of Atlanta 's annual Music Midtown festival , before moving to Piedmont Park . The controversial Peachtree-Pine Shelter is located in SoNo . Public transportation is provided by MARTA with buses and with the north-south rail line serving the Civic Center station .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "207a4d8b93872c858105ab284bd8abd2", "text": "Morehouse School of Medicine Morehouse School of Medicine is a co-educational medical school in Atlanta , Georgia , USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebdb3930644f20e78d5f72e145972440", "text": "WRAS (FM) WRAS FM 88.5 is a station in Atlanta with a frequency of 88.5 MHz , which has been in operation since January 18 , 1971 . It is owned by Georgia State University and its schedule is currently split between public radio programming from Georgia Public Broadcasting ( 88.5 GPB Atlanta ) airing from 5 a.m. to 7 p.m. and college radio programming ( Album 88 , which previously provided the entire WRAS schedule ) produced by GSU students with the exception of those who broadcast the university 's athletic events for the station ( the Georgia State radio network ) , airing from 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. . The Album 88 and 88.5 GPB Atlanta formats are both available 24 hours a day on separate internet streams , and Album 88 is available full-time on WRAS 's second HD Radio subchannel . Album 88 's first general manager was Richard Belcher , well known to Atlanta TV viewers for his investigative reporting on WAGA-TV 5 , and now WSB-TV 2 . The `` Album 88 '' name dates back to the late 1970s , and is unusual , as it is still rare for noncommercial stations in North America to use a moniker ( other than their own broadcast callsign ) , the way commercial stations have for decades . It refers to the album-based rotation the format employs : stressing several cuts from each album rather than a single . Album 88 has won countless awards , frequently beating out commercial radio stations , from the Atlanta weekly Creative Loafing , the monthly Atlanta magazine , and the College Music Journal . Album 88 has over 50 student volunteers who host rotation shifts from 2am onwards , as well as specialty shows that start at 8pm most weekdays , 6pm on Thursdays , 2pm on Fridays , and 8am on weekends . Many of the non-student envoys to the administration of the school also worked at Album 88 in their college days . Among the specialty shows on Album 88 are : The Georgia Music Show ( dedicated exclusively to artists from Georgia ) , I Do n't Care ( punk ) , Soul Kitchen ( funk , soul , disco and related ) , Crossroads ( blues ) , Jet Lag ( international psychedelia ) , New Theory ( chillwave ) , Beatscape Lounge ( ambient , electronica and nu jazz ) , Subterranean ( drum and bass ) , Cowtipper 's Delight ( classic country and alternative country ) , Dot Dash ( post-punk ) , Mighty Aphrodite ( female vocalists ) , We 're Not Gon na Take It ( heavy-metal music ) , Tower of Song ( psyche , prog , freakbeat ) , a large variety of hip hop including the long-running shows Tha Message , Rhythm and Vibes ( Atlanta 's longest-running hip hop show ) and Hush Hush ( instrumental hip hop ) , One Step Beyond ( ska , bluebeat & rocksteady ) and many more . Album 88 has played a crucial role in `` breaking '' a wide range of artists including R.E.M. , Deerhunter and Outkast ( all of which Album 88 was the first to play on radio ) . Album 88 featured more commercially identifiable rock in the 1970s and early 1980s ; many of the platinum and gold records that hang in Album 88 's offices reflect this . According to Bob Geldof he penned the Boomtown Rats hit song , `` I Do n't Like Mondays '' in the Album 88 office after reading a telex report of the schoolyard shooting on which the song is based . On March 14 , 2008 , an F-2 tornado struck Atlanta 's downtown core and led to the evacuation of students and employees from various areas of the Georgia State campus . Album 88 was thus forced to suspend broadcasting for nearly two days . ( See 2008 Atlanta tornado ) , WRAS has a construction permit to move to the Atlanta Public Schools facility , which transmits WABE FM 90.1 , and WPBA TV 21 ( DTV 30.1 ) east of downtown . It currently transmits via a studio/transmitter link from the Panthersville area ( no apparent relation the GSU Panthers mascot ) , located southeast of the city between I-285 and I-20 ) . The change will expand the station 's broadcast range significantly to the northwest , and very slightly even toward the south and east , due to a greater height .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40a5ba99f2f15d0a80cce6c6cc469a5b", "text": "Georgia Department of Defense The Georgia Department of Defense is a state agency charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the Georgia National Guard . Headquartered at Clay National Guard Center in Marietta , Georgia , the Georgia Department of Defense includes the Georgia Army National Guard , the Georgia Air National Guard , and the Georgia State Defense Force . The Georgia Department of Defense provides ready and relevant military forces to the Combatant Commanders , and with the consent of the Governor provides command and control and capabilities to support Homeland Defense and Defense Support of Civil Authorities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8245b1fdbb0e4acb7afa64cc014f4fde", "text": "Midtown station (MARTA) Midtown is an underground metro station in Atlanta , Georgia , serving the Red and Gold lines of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority ( MARTA ) rail system . Located in Midtown Atlanta , 5,644 daily fares were collected at the gates as of 2013 . One Zipcar vehicle is parked at the station . It provides access to the Midtown business and financial district , The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta , The Vortex , Margaret Mitchell House , Georgia Tech , Piedmont Park , and Westwood College . It provides connecting bus service to Cumberland Mall , Georgia Tech , Emory University , Dekalb Medical Center , Grady Memorial Hospital , The District at Howell Mill , Atlanta Medical Center , Ansley Mall , Lindbergh Center , Atlanta Botanical Gardens , and Turner Broadcasting/Cartoon Network Headquarters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27f040ca42aad6d6e8fdbe4b092e2de4", "text": "Georgia Accrediting Commission The Georgia Accrediting Commission is a nonprofit educational accreditation organization founded in 1904 `` to stimulate the schools to achieve and maintain a high level of professional integrity and competence . '' Its purposes are stated as to provide standards for Georgia 's schools and to promote high quality education to meet those standards . The organization is governed by the Board of Directors and is financed by the University of Georgia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5883c4ccbabaa521f80fe15a3a2d5baf", "text": "Scientific Atlanta Scientific Atlanta , Inc. is a Georgia-based manufacturer of cable television , telecommunications , and broadband equipment . Scientific Atlanta was founded in 1951 by a group of engineers from the Georgia Institute of Technology , and was purchased by Cisco Systems in 2005 for $ 6.9 billion after Cisco received anti-trust clearance for the purchase . The Cisco acquisition of Scientific Atlanta was ranked in the top 10 of largest technology acquisitions in history and was Cisco 's largest acquisition to date . Prior to the purchase , Scientific Atlanta had been a Fortune 500 company and was one of the top 25 largest corporations in Georgia . Scientific Atlanta was considered by many to be `` the patriarch of Atlanta 's technology industry for nearly six decades '' and is sometimes referred to as `` Atlanta 's Microsoft or Hewlett Packard '' . It was considered `` core to the development of technology in the Atlanta region '' and `` was to Atlanta what Hewlett-Packard was to Silicon Valley '' because of its legacy of spawning more than 35 substantial companies in the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "422a75a0b8f9a407d26039ea0d611016", "text": "Southern Bell Telephone Company Building The Southern Bell Telephone Company Building , now known as the AT&T Communications Building , is the main telephone exchange for downtown Atlanta , Georgia . It is located at 51 Peachtree Center Avenue , on the northeast corner of Auburn Avenue . It was designed for Southern Bell by Marye , Alger and Vinour , in an austere art deco style . Originally planned to be 25 stories in height , which would have made it the tallest building in Atlanta , it was completed in 1929 at six stories . Additions in 1947 , 1948 and 1963 brought it to its present 14 stories . The building is crowned by a microwave communications tower .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265e522b29c492fb85a0a5379f0100ba", "text": "Piedmont Crescent The Piedmont Crescent , also known as the Piedmont Urban Crescent , is a large , polycentric urbanized region in the U.S. state of North Carolina that forms the northern section of the rapidly developing Piedmont Atlantic megalopolis ( or `` megaregion '' ) , a conurbation also known as the `` I-85 Boombelt '' , which extends from the Raleigh area ) to Atlanta , Georgia in the southeastern United States . Residents commonly attribute development of the Crescent communities to the Indian Trading Path and related settlements established by indigenous peoples long before European contact . The Trading Path was also used by European traders , and later by settlers entering the backcountry regions of the piedmont of North Carolina , South Carolina and Georgia . Forming the shape of a crescent in North Carolina , the region is located in the central Piedmont area of the state . European-American settlement progressed generally from the east to the west , from what is now metropolitan Raleigh-Durham and the Research Triangle area at its eastern edge , through the Piedmont Triad cities of Greensboro and Winston-Salem at its center , and southwest to metropolitan Charlotte . This region has undergone sustained population and economic growth ( acutely in the Charlotte and Raleigh areas ) since the late 19th century , a trend that has accelerated since the late 20th century . It is notable as the fourth-largest manufacturing region in the country , as well as an international center of banking and finance , textiles , biotech and high technology . The region includes seven of North Carolina 's eight largest cities and encompasses many smaller cities , towns and suburban areas , as well as the metropolitan centers of the Research Triangle , Piedmont Triad , and Charlotte Metropolitan Area . It is home to almost two-thirds of North Carolina 's population . Ten major universities -- Duke , NC State , UNC Chapel Hill , UNC Charlotte , NC Central , Wake Forest , UNC-Greensboro , NC A&T State University , Elon University and High Point University -- and three international airports ( CLT , RDU and GSO ) , as well as the world-renowned Research Triangle Park , also are located in the region . Its three Combined Statistical Areas have a total population of about 6 million people ( Raleigh-Durham , 1.98 million ; Greensboro , High Point , Winston-Salem , 1.66 million ; and Charlotte , 2.62 million ) , together representing over 63 % of the state 's total population . The Piedmont Crescent name is thought to have been coined when the North Carolina Railroad company first laid tracks through the area in 1855-56 . The railway , which was named the `` Piedmont Crescent Railroad '' , brought extensive growth to the communities along its route . These evolved to comprise today 's interlinked urbanized region . Although the freight and passenger rail corridor remains of critical importance , the region 's Interstate 85 and Interstate 40 freeway system serves as its primary transportation link today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fc4e678c3d00ef16cfa3f03d84cb2b6", "text": "John Fletcher Hanson John Fletcher Hanson ( November 25 , 1840 in Monroe County , Georgia -- 1910 ) was a self-made industrialist who lived in Georgia and helped establish the Georgia School of Technology ( later known as the Georgia Institute of Technology ) . The son of a farmer-preacher , Hanson learned about the brick and furniture industries in Barnesville , Georgia . He later moved to Macon , Georgia and started the Bibb Manufacturing Company in 1876 ; it was a textile company that built and acquired mills , particularly in Columbus , Georgia . In 1881 , Hanson became the principal owner of the Macon Telegraph and Messenger , a republican opponent of the democratic Atlanta Constitution . It was reportedly at Hanson 's request that Harry Stillwell Edwards composed a March 2 , 1882 editorial in the Macon Telegraph that promoted a polytechnic college in the state of Georgia , in order to create a skilled workforce . Major Hanson was also instrumental in electing Nathaniel E. Harris , another strong proponent of a technical school , to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1882 . It was Representative ( later governor ) Harris who introduced a bill in 1882 providing for the establishment of a state technical school , which was chartered in 1885 and opened in 1888 , and eventually became Georgia Tech . Through his connections , Hanson became president of the Central of Georgia Railroad in 1903 . One of Georgia Tech 's residence halls , Hanson Hall , built in 1961 , was named in his honor . He died in 1910 and is buried in Riverside Cemetery ( Macon , Georgia ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f05f11828081bf115f6a93e29f43727", "text": "Atlanta Contemporary Art Center Atlanta Contemporary is a nonprofit , non-collecting institution located in the West Midtown district of Atlanta . It is dedicated to the creation , presentation , and advancement of contemporary art by emerging and established artists . It creates a diverse cultural landscape for artists , arts professionals , and the art-interested public through its exhibitions , educational programs , and Studio Artist Program . Atlanta Contemporary presents 6-10 exhibitions per year featuring consequential artists from the local to international art scenes and is one of few Atlanta institutions that commissions new works by artists , paying particular attention to artists of note who have not had a significant exhibition in the Southeast . It organizes approximately 50 diverse educational programs a year , as well as provides on-site , subsidized studio space to 14 local artists through its Studio Artist Program . Atlanta Contemporary offers free admission every day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d259bc895acf831b9ea2ad4bb073314a", "text": "Georgia Bureau of Investigation The Georgia Bureau of Investigation ( GBI ) is the U.S. state of Georgia 's state bureau of investigation . It is an independent , statewide agency that provides assistance to Georgia 's criminal justice system in the areas of criminal investigations , forensic laboratory services and computerized criminal justice information . Its headquarters is located in unincorporated DeKalb County , near Decatur and in Greater Atlanta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b383743e0b820d590052024fd9a26f9", "text": "Atlanta College of Art The Atlanta College of Art ( ACA ) was a private four-year art college located in Atlanta , Georgia . Founded in 1905 , it was the oldest art college in the Southeast until it was absorbed by Savannah College of Art and Design in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35b8f85881d01545518fbbc4cf99200f", "text": "Perimeter Center Perimeter Center is a major edge city in metro Atlanta , Georgia , United States . It is centered on Perimeter Mall , the nucleus around which it has formed . Perimeter Center is located north of Atlanta proper , and lies within three cities : Dunwoody , Sandy Springs , and Brookhaven . It is one of metro Atlanta 's largest business districts , and one of the largest edge cities in the United States , comprising over 29000000 sqft of office space , 6000000 sqft of retail space , and 40,000 residents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e2ede3053eafd711ed230ba1dbf4c2", "text": "Georgia State Capitol The Georgia State Capitol is an architecturally and historically significant building in Atlanta , Georgia , United States . It has been named a National Historic Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . It is the main office building of Georgia 's government . The offices of the governor , lieutenant governor , and secretary of state are on the second floor , while the General Assembly meets on the third floor from January to April . The fourth floor houses visitors ' galleries overlooking the legislative chambers and a museum , and atop the dome a statue , Miss Freedom , is displayed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26a283aa9c7172903f205e8e1ffa3461", "text": "Politics of Georgia (U.S. state)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c639c222df5d472a54e4b3df261d80a", "text": "List of people from Atlanta This is a list of people who were born in , residents of , or otherwise closely associated with the American city of Atlanta , the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0157e7463d66abf6b41b4a0d1520c919", "text": "Gwinnett College Gwinnett College is a for-profit educational institution located in Lilburn , Georgia , a suburb of the Atlanta , Georgia metropolitan area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee379b0823f761c11f5bad3c07401393", "text": "Gainesville High School (Georgia) Gainesville High School is located in Gainesville , Georgia , United States .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9d998618f57d3bf4db4115a6e7c1b3aa	All the Pretty Horses is a romance film.	[ { "docid": "7ecc595abe8a2660fe0024d1109bbac6", "text": "All the Pretty Horses (film) All the Pretty Horses is a 2000 American romance western film produced and directed by Billy Bob Thornton , and based on Cormac McCarthy 's novel of the same name . Starring Matt Damon and Penélope Cruz , the film was released on Christmas Day 2000 to mostly negative reviews . It grossed $ 18 million worldwide , against a $ 57 million budget .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d9831200fa1eb9a6182550db1ee68eb8", "text": "Nez Perce Horse The Nez Perce Horse is a spotted horse breed of the Nez Perce tribe of Idaho . The Nez Perce Horse Registry ( NPHR ) program began in 1995 in Lapwai , Idaho and is based on cross-breeding the old-line Appaloosa horses ( the Wallowa herd ) with an ancient Central Asian breed called Akhal-Teke . This program seeks to re-establish the horse culture of the Nez Perce , a tradition of selective breeding of Appaloosa horses and horsemanship that was destroyed in the 19th century . The breeding program was financed by the United States Department of Health and Human Services , the Nez Perce tribe and a nonprofit group called the First Nations Development Institute , which promotes such businesses . The Nez Perce Horse is `` fit to carry the Nez Perce name , '' according to Rudy Shebala , director of the Tribe 's Horse Registry and the Nez Perce Young Horsemen program . The Akhal-Teke is an ancient breed that originated in Turkmenistan ( near Afghanistan ) . They are known for their superb endurance and `` metallic '' coats . The Akhal-Teke coat colors commonly include palominos , buckskins , and dark bays . A typical Nez Perce Horse is a buckskin or palomino with Appaloosa characteristics -- mottled skin with a spotted coat or a blanket . The Nez Perce Horse 's conformation is longer and leaner than the Quarter Horses or other stock horses of the Western U.S. , with narrower shoulders and hindquarters , a longer back , and a lean runner 's appearance . They are good at long rides and compete well in endurance races ; they are also good jumpers . The Nez Perce Horses are often gaited , with a fast and smooth running walk . The Nez Perce say that the horse has attitude . The Nez Perce people are historically known for their selective horse breeding practices , according to NPHR breeders Jon and Rosa Yearout . `` We strive to follow the lead of our ancestors and carry on their legacy and traditions . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30a14adb8841910d52ff0ef6e05326a", "text": "Cheltenham Racecourse Cheltenham Racecourse is a racecourse for horse racing events , located at Prestbury Park , near Cheltenham in Gloucestershire . Its most prestigious meeting is the Cheltenham Festival , held in March , which features several Grade I races including the Cheltenham Gold Cup , Champion Hurdle , Queen Mother Champion Chase and the Stayers ' Hurdle . The racecourse has a scenic location in a natural amphitheatre just below the escarpment of the Cotswold Hills , at Cleeve Hill , with a capacity of 67,500 spectators . The racecourse also has its own steam railway station ( of the same name ) , although this no longer connects to the national rail network but has since rather been the current southern terminus of the preserved Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway . The main racecourse has two separate courses alongside each other , the Old Course and the New Course . The New Course has a tricky downhill fence and a longer run-in for steeplechases than the Old Course . Hurdle races over two miles on the New Course also have a slight peculiarity in that most of the hurdles are jumped early on in the race with only two hurdles being jumped in the last seven furlongs . There is also a cross-country course which is laid out inside the main racecourse and is used for cross-country steeplechases . The racecourse is the home of The Centaur , one of the largest auditoria in the South West of England . This multiple-use complex seats over 2,000 people for conferences and around 4,000 standing for concerts . It is also home to the Steeplechasing Hall of Fame . From 1999 to 2013 the racecourse was the venue for the annual Greenbelt festival and remains the venue for the Wychwood Music Festival . The University of Gloucestershire holds its graduation ceremony and summer ball at the racecourse . From 2008 , the racecourse and `` The Jockey Club '' were in talks with Cheltenham Town F.C. about a possible move to the racecourse . This would have meant the building of a new stadium with a double sided stand , one side in the stadium and the other for watching the races . Talks went on for a while but in December 2011 , Cheltenham Town F.C. decided against the move due to the financial gap , which the football club 's chairman Paul Baker described as `` in the millions '' . On Friday 13 November 2015 Cheltenham Racecourse opened its new # 45m 6,500-capacity Princess Royal Stand which completed the redevelopment of the course .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f19dfac69441f524112d65014803a507", "text": "Pretty Boys and Pretty Girls `` Pretty Boys And Pretty Girls '' is the fifth single released by the American synthpop band Book of Love . The song was the first single released prior to the band 's second album Lullaby in 1988 . `` Pretty Girls And Pretty Girls '' became the band 's highest charting single at no. 90 in the Billboard Hot 100 , and its only moment crossing over into mainstream pop . In the dance clubs , the song was a smash , and made it to no. 5 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart , spending 11 weeks on the chart . `` Pretty Boys And Pretty Girls '' became one of the first songs ever to address the issue of the AIDS epidemic , featuring the lyrics of `` strangers in the night exchanging glances , but sex is dangerous , I do n't take my chances ... safe sex , safe sex . '' The B-side to the single is a cover of Mike Oldfield 's `` Tubular Bells '' , originally made famous as the theme from the horror movie The Exorcist . For the track , the band sampled band member Lauren Roselli crying `` Mother , make it stop ! '' , channeling Linda Blair 's role as Regan from the movie . For the 12 '' release of the single , `` Tubular Bells '' and `` Pretty Boys And Pretty Girls '' were mixed together as a fourteen-minute medley by Scott Blackwell and Bob Brockmann . The album Lullaby also opens with a shorter version of `` Tubular Bells '' , which flows seamlessly into `` Pretty Boys And Pretty Girls '' , the second track on the album . A promotional video was shot and released for `` Pretty Boys And Pretty Girls '' ; an alternate version of the video was also released using the medley edit of `` Tubular Bells/Pretty Boys And Pretty Girls '' . ( See External links below for video )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3714e66923cec736f947a9de7bd5357d", "text": "Love Story (novel) Love Story is a 1970 romance novel by American writer Erich Segal . The book 's origins lay in a screenplay that Segal wrote , and that was subsequently approved for production by Paramount Pictures . Paramount requested that Segal adapt the story into novel form as a preview of sorts for the film . The novel was released on February 14 , 1970 , Valentine 's Day . Portions of the story originally appeared in The Ladies ' Home Journal . Love Story became the top-selling work of fiction for all of 1970 in the United States , and was translated into more than 20 languages . The novel stayed for 41 weeks in The New York Times Best Seller list , reaching the top spot . A sequel , Oliver 's Story , was published in 1977 . The film ( Love Story ) was released on December 16 , 1970 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "835dd13d56a3ee87d906ef7fae10019d", "text": "Equine coat color Horses exhibit a diverse array of coat colors and distinctive markings . A specialized vocabulary has evolved to describe them . While most horses remain the same color throughout life , a few , over the course of several years , will develop a different coat color from that with which they were born . Most white markings are present at birth , and the underlying skin color of a horse does not change , absent disease . The basic outline of equine coat color genetics has largely been resolved , and DNA tests to determine the likelihood that a horse will have offspring of a given color have been developed for some colors . Discussion , research , and even controversy continues about some of the details , particularly those surrounding spotting patterns , color sub-shades such as `` sooty '' or `` flaxen '' , and markings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbc63f7beb005cb0caada8b3d8fdb17a", "text": "Springtime in the Rockies Springtime in the Rockies is an American Technicolor musical comedy film released by Twentieth Century Fox in 1942 . It stars Betty Grable , with support from John Payne , Carmen Miranda , Cesar Romero , Charlotte Greenwood , and Edward Everett Horton . Also appearing were Grable 's future husband Harry James and his band . The director was Irving Cummings . The screenplay was based on the short story `` Second Honeymoon '' by Philip Wylie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f3c91aeb340663a8a0ebfe2b765dab", "text": "Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes . Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f74f33a755e80686e0812bb01680f132", "text": "All the Pretty Horses All the Pretty Horses may refer to : All the Pretty Horses ( novel ) , a 1992 novel by Cormac McCarthy All the Pretty Horses ( film ) , a 2000 film based on the novel `` All the Pretty Little Horses '' ( also known as `` Hush-a-bye '' ) , a traditional lullaby from the Southern United States", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a7c75d6063c5f10579626f13da78588", "text": "Horse Soldiers (film) Horse Soldiers is an upcoming 2018 American war drama film directed by Nicolai Fuglsig and written by Peter Craig and Ted Tally , based on Doug Stanton 's non-fiction book of same name , about the CIA agents and U.S. Special Forces sent to Afghanistan right after the September 11 attacks . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Michael Shannon , Michael Peña , Austin Stowell , Trevante Rhodes , and Rob Riggle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6faf22ca8884c15626aed493bd75b004", "text": "The Romance of Sleepy Hollow The Romance of Sleepy Hollow is a 1923 New Zealand film written and directed by Henry J. Makepeace , and produced and shot in Auckland . The film is now lost , with a poster the only surviving material . The poster says it is `` A Bright Sparkling Comedy-Drama in Four Reels ... . The first to be produced in New Zealand , '' and it was to open at `` The Grand '' theatre in central Auckland opposite the G.P.O. on 22 August 1924 . Sam Edwards says it may have been a melodrama set in Auckland , as the poster says `` Maoriland Pictures presents Francis X. Bouzaid of Onehunga and June Phillips of Dominion Road '' supported by four other local couples . It was shot on 35 mm , silent , and black & white . The film had been submitted to the censor in November 1923 , who required the removal of some 900 feet ( around 15 minutes ) . This reduced it from 5700 feet to 4800 feet or about 80 minutes . Nothing now remains of the film apart from the poster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54d635dbd4c08cff0af23aa812352187", "text": "The Love Parade The Love Parade is a 1929 American Pre-Code musical comedy film about the marital difficulties of Queen Louise of Sylvania ( Jeanette MacDonald ) and her consort , Count Alfred Renard ( Maurice Chevalier ) . Despite his love for Louise and his promise to be an obedient husband , Count Alfred finds his role as a figurehead unbearable . The film was directed by Ernst Lubitsch from a screenplay by Guy Bolton and Ernest Vajda , adapted from the French play Le Prince Consort , written by Jules Chancel and Leon Xanrof ; which had previously been adapted for Broadway in 1905 by William Boosey and Cosmo Gordon Lennox . The Love Parade is notable for being both the film debut of Jeanette MacDonald and the first `` talkie '' film made by Ernst Lubitsch . It was also released in a French-language version called Parade d'amour . Chevalier had thought that he would never be capable of acting as a Royal courtier , and had to be persuaded by Lubitsch . This huge box-office hit appeared just after the Wall Street crash , and did much to save the fortunes of Paramount .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "256ecda430ab987708b4bd0599953b10", "text": "Flat racing Flat racing is a form of horse racing which is run on a level racecourse . It is run over a predetermined distance from 2 furlong up to 3 mi and is either test of speed , stamina or both , whilst the skills of the jockey is determined by his ability to restrain the horse or impel it . Flat racing does not require horses to jump over any obstacles such as is required for hurdling or Steeplechase . It differs from harness racing where horses are pulling a sulky and wear a harness . While in many countries flat racing is the most common form of horse racing , in Britain and Ireland it is used to describe the racing season that comes after the Jumps racing which is traditionally held over the winter period . Many different horse breeds are used in flat racing worldwide , but the Thoroughbred is the most dominant . The races take place on track surfaces suitable for horses . Worldwide , the most common is a natural grass surface , called `` turf '' . In North America , the most common surface is a harrowed `` dirt '' surface , often based primarily on a mixture of sand and local soil . Most winter flat races in Britain and other parts of the world are run on a synthetic or all-weather surface , generally a blend of sand with synthetic fiber and/or rubber , often coated with wax or a similar substance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50998009485e25b816d50cb857f69efe", "text": "The Gift of Love The Gift of Love is a 1958 De Luxe in CinemaScope film directed by Jean Negulesco and starring Lauren Bacall and Robert Stack . The film 's screenplay was based on the short story `` The Little Horse '' by Nelia Gardner White , originally published in a 1944 issue of Good Housekeeping , and previously made into the film Sentimental Journey ( 1946 ) , with John Payne and Maureen O'Hara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8ccc39a7dc8b72da12cc1aa4073623", "text": "Wild and Wonderful Wild and Wonderful is a 1964 film comedy starring Tony Curtis and his then-wife Christine Kaufmann ( whom he had married in 1963 ) . The plot revolves around a clever French poodle named Monsieur Cognac , and the dog 's effect on the newly married couple portrayed by Curtis and Kaufmann . The film was Curtis 's last under his long contractual relationship with Universal Studios . The film had six credited writers , including Waldo Salt , who was then still working his way back from years on the Hollywood blacklist and who reportedly `` hated '' the film . In his 1999 obituary for Larry Markes , another of the credited writers , Dick Vosburgh of The Independent commented , `` Critics found it hard to accept that it had taken six writers to fashion the wafer-thin tale of a jazz flautist whose marriage to a French film star is threatened by the jealous tricks of Monsieur Cognac , her neurotic , alcoholic French poodle . '' In his obituary for Tony Curtis in 2010 , Dave Kehr dismissed the film as `` disastrous , '' noting that Curtis was rebuilding his reputation after an earlier affair with Kaufmann , his co-star in Wild and Wonderful , and subsequent divorce from Janet Leigh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf8c0e2c685ef37440907f2dee781282", "text": "A Romance in Flanders A Romance in Flanders is a 1937 British drama film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Paul Cavanagh , Marcelle Chantal , Olga Lindo and Alastair Sim . It is set during the First World War with the British Expeditionary Force in Flanders . It was also released under the alternative title of Lost on the Western Front . It was made at the Riverside Studios in Hammersmith by the independent Franco-London Films . Halliwell 's Film Guide describes it as `` rose-coloured romantic hokum '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f98bb41838ece69c768bb1e545831057", "text": "War Horse (novel) War Horse is a children 's novel by English author Michael Morpurgo . It was first published in Great Britain by Kaye & Ward in 1982 . The story recounts the experiences of Joey , a horse purchased by the Army for service in World War I France and the attempts of young Albert , his previous owner , to bring him safely home . It formed the basis of both an award winning play ( 2007 ) and an acclaimed film adaptation ( 2011 ) by Steven Spielberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e01e2e0998cb57728dbb59addb76d3f3", "text": "Just Like Heaven Just like Heaven may refer to : `` Just Like Heaven '' ( song ) , a song by The Cure Just Like Heaven ( film ) , a 2005 romantic comedy starring Reese Witherspoon and Mark Ruffalo Just Like Heaven ( 1930 film ) , a drama starring Anita Louise and David Newell Just Like Heaven , a romance novel by Julia Quinn", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a924fe64a0aa7b6eb227a01e08d1b410", "text": "Alles Bob! Alles Bob ( `` Its all Bob '' ) is a 1999 German film starring , Martina Gedeck and Miriam Lahnstein , directed by . The film , is about a young man who tells women what they want to hear to get sex .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7114145f9d52d1b9a0238014fadda9f3	Funny or Die is the producer of @midnight.	[ { "docid": "b21096d80f5273fd1f18a57e5dd89a7e", "text": "Funny or Die Funny or Die is a comedy video website and film/TV production company founded by Will Ferrell , Adam McKay and Chris Henchy . The website Funny Or Die contains exclusive material from a regular staff of in-house writers , producers , and directors , and occasionally from a number of famous contributors like Judd Apatow , James Franco , and Norm Macdonald . The production company makes TV shows like truTV 's Billy on the Street , Comedy Central 's @midnight , and Zach Galifianakis 's popular Emmy-winning web series Between Two Ferns . Many videos on the site feature well-known actors ( examples include Steve Carell , Charlie Sheen , Ryan Gosling , Patrick Stewart , Daniel Radcliffe , Sophia Bush , Mila Kunis , AnnaSophia Robb , Hilary Duff , Adam West , James Van Der Beek , Jim Carrey , Ariel Winter , and Selena Gomez ) . Michael Kvamme , an aspiring young comedian , came up with a concept for a new kind of comedy site ; and the site was developed by Randy Adams . Funny Or Die launched on April 12 , 2007 with the site 's first video , `` The Landlord '' . `` The Landlord '' has received over 84 million views and features Ferrell confronted by a swearing , beer-drinking two-year-old landlord . In June 2007 , they received venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital , and in June 2008 , they announced a partnership with HBO . On August 3 , 2016 , Funny or Die shut-down one of its California offices , reducing its headcount by 30 % to 95 employees , with the announcement coming just two month after the new CEO , Mike Farah , took office", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "332142f4149b516e53afb0dad00e9ba8", "text": "TV Funhouse Saturday TV Funhouse was the title of a recurring skit on NBC 's Saturday Night Live featuring cartoons created by SNL writer Robert Smigel . It was also a spinoff series , TV Funhouse , that ran on Comedy Central . `` TV Funhouse '' frequently satirizes public figures and corporations , as well as featuring some cartoons exclusive to this skit . When featured in an episode of Saturday Night Live , it was listed in the theme song as `` A Cartoon by Robert Smigel . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc4a0e7fe732a59cfe05080275375ec7", "text": "Sometime Around Midnight `` Sometime Around Midnight '' is a song by American indie rock band The Airborne Toxic Event . It was released as the second single from their self-titled debut album ( 2008 ) on February 2 , 2009 in the UK . The song peaked at number 115 on the Billboard Hot 100 , number 29 on the Wallonia Ultratop chart in Belgium , and number 33 on the UK Singles Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70d87d2c610dadc08f055c3bfba7d689", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live incidents As a live sketch comedy show , NBC 's Saturday Night Live ( officially abbreviated SNL ) has had a number of technical problems , performer mishaps , and controversial content . Several hosts and musical guests have received negative press due to their appearances on the program , including musician Sinéad O'Connor , comedian Andrew Dice Clay , then-Presidential candidate Donald Trump , and the bands Rage Against the Machine and Fear . In the course of the show 's forty-plus-year history , several technical issues have occurred live on air , most notably with singer Ashlee Simpson . Other times , controversial content has been edited out of syndicated reruns and online-distributed editions of the show , including coarse language . The show has `` banned '' certain hosts , and has also been accused of plagiarism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "288b0217eaac6ea21dd0f119bb15a250", "text": "The Laff Stop The Laff Stop was a comedy club , with locations in Texas and California . The Laff Stop originated in Newport Beach , California and featured comics such as Steve Martin , David Letterman , and Robin Williams . There were also Laff Stop clubs in Claremont , California and Austin , Texas ( which changed its name to Cap City Comedy Club in 1996 ) . The most well known location , however , was in Houston , Texas . Open since 1977 , it was considered one of the most successful clubs through the 1990s and the heart of the Texas stand-up comedy scene . The club closed after Dec. 19 , 2009 performances were completed in a surprise announcement . The Houston Laff Stop changed locations a few times durings its existence , the last stop becoming an upstairs strip mall location at Waugh and the Allen Parkway . The previous location on West Gray Street is now a bar called Local Pour while the original Laff Stop location -- famous for being the launching pad of Bill Hicks , Sam Kinison , and others -- is now a dry cleaner at San Felipe and Shepherd . The club later served as a starting point and hometown club for such acts as Sean Rouse , Ralphie May , and Brett Butler Albums and Videos recorded at the Laff Stop include : Mitch Hedberg 's Strategic Grill Locations CD : recording of a performance at The Laff Stop comedy club in Houston , Texas from September 7 , 1999 Dane Cook 's Harmful If Swallowed CD/DVD Joe Rogan 's I 'm Gon na Be Dead Someday ... CD Doug Stanhope 's Sicko and Something to Take the Edge Off Ron White 's Drunk in Public CD Scott White 's Dirty White Boy CDs Louis CK 's `` Live in Houston '' Bill Hicks `` Sane Man '' and many others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "939018526239596557673b751a54cbeb", "text": "Do or Die (Ant Banks album) Do or Die is the third studio album by American rapper and producer , Ant Banks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ecc08acba7324dd2495c07aa1d5b685", "text": "Tone Bell Michael Anthony `` Tone '' Bell , II . ( born August 10 , 1983 ) is an American stand-up comedian and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3748b5889330fc06e4e407548b67468a", "text": "IFC Films IFC Films is an American film production and distribution company based in New York City . It is an offshoot of IFC owned by AMC Networks . It distributes independent films and documentaries under its namesake , Sundance Selects and IFC Midnight brands . It operates the IFC Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f70a3c79971d2b4edd415a58c6c22e7", "text": "Drunk History Drunk History is an American television comedy series produced by Comedy Central , based on the Funny or Die web series created by Derek Waters and Jeremy Konner in 2007 . In each episode , an inebriated narrator , who is played by a comedian joined by host Waters , struggles to recount an event from history , while actors enact the narrator 's anecdotes and also lip sync the dialogue . The series premiered on Comedy Central on July 9 , 2013 , and its second season premiered on July 1 , 2014 . Will Ferrell and Adam McKay are among the show 's executive producers . In addition to creator Derek Waters and celebrity guest stars , the show 's additional characters are played by regulars Bennie Arthur , Tim Baltz , Mort Burke , Sarah Burns , Maria Blasucci , Craig Cackowski , Michael Cassady , Michael Coleman , Tymberlee Hill , Adam Nee , and Jeremy J. Tutson . On January 13 , 2017 Comedy Central renewed the show for a fifth season , which is set to premiere later in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36a5571d1986df5a9215e942423d6663", "text": "Dance or Die (Family Force 5 album) Dance or Die is the second studio album from the band Family Force 5 . It was produced by Joe Baldridge ( Beck , tobyMac ) and lead vocalist Solomon `` Soul Glow Activatur '' Olds . The album was released on August 19 , 2008 both in stores and via digital distribution . This is the band 's second full-length album release . However , it is the band 's first release on the Tooth & Nail Records label . The band was previously with Gotee Records . The record was leaked in its entirety on the internet on August 15 , 2008 . As of December 2009 the album has sold over 100,000 units . Dance or Die won Best Album at the 2008 Rock on Request Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6527a0ffbb90aa15abbf0c5f6e02f58", "text": "Live at the Beacon Theater Live at the Beacon Theater is the fourth full-length comedy special/concert film by comedian Louis C.K. . The special takes place at the Beacon Theatre in Manhattan , New York . In contrast to his previous specials , which had been produced for broadcast and sale on physical media , Live at the Beacon Theater is sold directly from the comedian 's website for the cost of $ 5.00 USD and can be downloaded in 720p HD or streamed in browser . Also in contrast to his previous special , Hilarious , which was released for sale more than a year and a half after it was recorded , Live at the Beacon captures a performance from just a month before its release ( November 10 , 2011 ) . It later aired on the FX television channel . It later was made available in a Humble Bundle . As stated in the end credits , the film was dedicated to comedian Patrice O'Neal , who died two weeks prior to its release . C.K. considered O'Neal one of his favorite comedians . The film won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety , Music , or Comedy Special and received three other nominations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ab103a64b7cba72ab5c9ae456cf574", "text": "Jenny Zigrino Jenny Zigrino ( born January 8 , 1987 ) is an American comedian and actress . Zigrino had supporting roles in the comedy films Fifty Shades of Black ( 2016 ) and Bad Santa 2 ( 2016 ) Zigrino was a guest on the television show @midnight in 2017 . Zigrino released her debut album named ` JayZ 's New Album ' in March 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f410e843c93d33eae0be5ad12fdf11a", "text": "Midnight Nation Midnight Nation is a religious-themed twelve-issue American comic book limited series , created by J. Michael Straczynski and published from 2000 to 2002 by Top Cow Productions under their Joe 's Comics imprint . It is about a man who is killed , in a sense , and is on a journey to save his soul .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29c14fcaf2ffd13918b1c929ff5656da", "text": "Zombie comedy The zombie comedy , often called zom com or zomedy by those who are in the know , is a film genre that aims to blend zombie horror motifs with slapstick comedy as well as dark comedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9686d72e74d530d67da31d46faafb7e9", "text": "Comedy Central Belgium Comedy Central is a Belgian television channel based on the American channel of the same name . Comedy Central has been several years in Europe with broadcasters in the Netherlands , Germany , Sweden , Poland , Italy , United Kingdom and Hungary . The channel broadcasts mainly of Comedy , in the form of animation , series , movies and stand up shows . In Belgium , the channel started on Monday , January 20 , 2014 with the broadcast of a program block on the TMF channel , every day from 22 hours to 24 hours . The channel is available on cable , digital terrestrial and IPTV operators in Flanders . It airs between 10 pm and midnight on the channel of music channel TMF . As of November 1 , 2015 , it will broadcast 24 hours a day and therefore TMF will disappear . Comedy Central is owned by Viacom International Media Networks Belgium . The sale is done by SBS Sales Belgium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8086f4d3e3ead73b56bbe161648d8d3d", "text": "Saturday Night (2010 film) Saturday Night is a 2010 documentary directed by James Franco . The film examines the production process of the NBC late-night live television sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live . Shot over a period of six days from December 1 -- 6 , 2008 , the film was originally a school assignment for Franco at New York University . The film premiered at the 2010 South by Southwest Film Festival on March 14 , 2010 , but was shelved for several years due to legal matters regarding its distributor and NBC . It was released on September 26 , 2014 on Hulu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc8bf81f27171c034bdfe3b7a72d18a", "text": "History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 . After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences . This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dca4bf6e59e27566d80c2690a58d3f6c", "text": "30-Second Bunnies Theatre 30-Second Bunnies Theatre is a Flash cartoon series featuring films re-enacted by anthropomorphic animated bunnies in 30 seconds . The series is produced by Angry Alien Productions , the one-woman company of creator Jennifer Shiman . The series debuted in 2004 , when Shiman sought to create a humorous web series . She unveiled a version of The Exorcist , re-enacted by animated bunnies in 30 seconds . It received an overwhelmingly positive response online from a global audience , prompting Shiman to create more re-enactments . In 2005 , the `` bunny troupe '' was commissioned by Starz ! to make new shorts . Each Starz-commissioned re-enactment premiered on Starz on Demand before moving online . The series take on Star Wars was featured on CNN on April 16 , 2006 . Angry Alien Productions released a selection of the shorts on DVD on October 20 , 2009 . Previously , the Titanic short was included on that film 's 4-Disc Special Collector 's Edition DVD , released in 2005 . In 2007 , Crackle became a distributing partner . In 2008 , the site won two Webby Awards for Online Film and Video/Animation , as well as the People 's Voice award in that category . On June 13 , 2010 , Shiman announced on the 30-Second Bunnies Theatre Website that , after six years and 68 shorts , she was placing the series on hiatus to move on to other pursuits . The final short at the time was a re-enactment of the film Evil Dead II . As of October 2011 , Shiman completed three more re-enactments : Alfred Hitchcock 's The Birds , Freaks ( 1932 ) and Michael Dougherty 's Trick ' r Treat . Shiman teamed up with FEARnet in 2012 to make more horror movie shorts . The first season of shorts is complete , and the second season is in production as of September 16 , 2013 . In mid-March 2014 , Angry Alien Productions ventured into new bunny territory by re-enacting the life of Kevin Spacey ( with bunny voices by Kevin Spacey himself ) to celebrate the launch of his new website . In Spring 2015 the staff of Angry Alien Productions informed that they would indefinitely stop making re-enactments after Blade Runner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c10756607c76946db1be7238f7d5584", "text": "Midnight Madness and Beyond Midnight Madness and Beyond is the third album by UK82 Hardcore punk band GBH from Birmingham UK . It was released in August 1986 on the Rough Justice label ( the band 's first release for their new label , following the departure from Clay Records ) with catalogue number Just 2 . Recorded once again at Strawberry Studios in Stockport UK . It was later Re-released with additional tracks ( the `` Oh No It 's GBH Again '' EP ) in 2002 by leading Punk reissue label Captain Oi ! ( Ahoy CD 193 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacc885db95ba0e8f4308fd3776bd5f5", "text": "Midnight Memories Midnight Memories is the third studio album by British-Irish boy band One Direction , released on 25 November 2013 by Columbia Records , Syco Music and Sony Music . The album was described as having a `` slightly rockier tone '' than their previous efforts . It has become the fastest-selling album in Amazon UK 's history , breaking the record set by One Direction 's previous release , Take Me Home ( 2012 ) . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , making One Direction the first group in history to debut at number one in the US with their first three albums . The album was preceded by the release of the singles `` Best Song Ever '' and `` Story of My Life '' . Upon the album 's release , Midnight Memories received mixed reviews from music critics . Many critics praised the lyrical depth and musical composition on the album , as well as the group 's level of involvement in the production process . However , others argued that the material was less memorable than their previous work and felt the themes were not as mature as expected . Despite being released five weeks before the year 's end , Midnight Memories nevertheless became the best-selling album of 2013 as listed by the IFPI , with sales of four million copies .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b86157fe8f8765dbb1e37e640d1b5956	Kumkum Bhagya is a television show from India.	[ { "docid": "98b0ede52b7638faeee5efb2b797356c", "text": "Kumkum Bhagya Kumkum Bhagya ( English : Vermillion In My Fate ) is a Hindi-language Indian soap opera which premiered on 15 April 2014 . and is broadcast on weeknights on Zee TV . The show is loosely based on the novel Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen . Kumkum Bhagya is its Indian interpretation , which follows the life of a Hindu-Punjabi matriarch , Sarla Arora , who runs a marriage hall . Sarla lives with the hope of seeing her two daughters Pragya and Bulbul , happily married some day . The pivotal characters of this show are strong , feisty women , living together in an all-female matriarchal family . The series stars Sriti Jha , Shabbir Ahluwalia with Mrunal Thakur , Arjit Taneja/Vin Rana , Shikha Singh and Leena Jumani in supporting roles . The series is produced by Ekta Kapoor under the banner Balaji Telefilms . Continuing her tradition , Ekta Kapoor has named the series starting with the letter `` K '' because she feels it is lucky . The show is directed by Sameer Kulkarni and developed by Ekta Kapoor .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3d170d97996e2f22caf5ea867b83f9ce", "text": "Comedy Central (India) Comedy Central in India is a localised version of Comedy Central which first began in the United States in the 1990s and in India on 23 January 2012 . The channel 's programming concentrates solely on comedy . The English language comedy content programming with the options of the audio language feeds on direct-to-home ( DTH ) . The channel airs a variety of comedy styles , including sitcoms , reality , classics and candid-camera . The channel is owned by Viacom 18 , a 50:50 joint venture between Viacom Inc. and Network18 . It is available in over 20 million households across the country and across analogue , digital cable & DTH . The group also went on to organise a live event featuring English comedian Russell Brand who performed at this three-city tour which included New Delhi , Bangalore , and Mumbai . The event was organised by Comedy Central India in association with Viacom 18 and Meraevents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d594767ec8adbea91fb4b0e4057e828f", "text": "Esha Kansara Esha Kansara is an Indian television actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c1965e075bd240a0b20b967ef0d4ba", "text": "Kalasala Babu Kalasala Babu is an Indian actor who has performed on stage , and in television serials and films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a997b9cd30387dc983a9b533d9f373e4", "text": "Sobhagya Mithila TV Sobhagya Mithila TV is an Hindi-language 24/7 television channel , owned by Mithila Limted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d796fdce817d8ed90a8d9b4b5666bb1", "text": "Ghar Ek Mandir Ghar Ek Mandir is an India television show . which aired on Sony India in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d1a2b1ccabcb182a13112d944fc01fc", "text": "Sarwanam Theatre Group Sarwanam Theatre Group is a leading Nepalese theatre group founded by Dr Govind Singh Rawat with its play , directed and written by Dr Govind Singh Rawat and Asses Malla ; `` Murdabad ma utheka hathharu ( Hands raised in protest ) '' at the Tribhuwan University Auditorium in Kathmandu . The play 's target was the political system , with artists depicting the grave realities of the political upheaval in the country . The ruling political elite of the time banned the play . They united with other minded theater artists and gave birth to Sarwanam Theatre Group in A.D 1982 . Today , Sarwanam has established itself as the leading theater group of Nepal . By introducing alternative theatre that requires little or no artificial props on the stage , Sarwanam has successfully triumphed over the dominating rule of the traditional and conventional proscenium theatre in Nepal . Before the birth of Sarwanam , conventional theatre was the popular form of theatre in Nepal that only focused towards the elite and privileged classes and displayed expensive props and settings . Sarwanam devised alternative theatre as a need to reach out to the common people that accumulate the large population of the country . Sarwanam emphasizes on mime and symbolic body movements to express social based stories in a distinctive style . Its heart rendering social plays express the plight of sufferers from all across the country . Since its initial days , Sarwanam has been constantly fighting to attain democracy in the nation through its highly artistic plays . It has traveled all over the nation delivering social messages through its plays . It has also established more than 50 theatre groups in various communities by assisting them in training and other activities . Sarwanam is also the pioneer organization of street theatre in Nepal . In a developing country like Nepal , they took this street theatre to every nook and corner of the country , even to most remote areas where the only mode of transportation is walking . Collaborating with INGO 's like The Asia Foundation , UN , DANIDA , WWF and Save the Children , Sarwanam 's street theatre delivers various social messages through its entertaining and engaging street plays . Sarwanam has performed popular proscenium plays all over Nepal and most South Asian countries like India , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Pakistan . It regularly invites foreign theatre groups to perform in Nepal . Some works pioneered by Sarwanam Street Drama Experimental presentation of short stories and poems in stage Advertisement Play Sarwanam music Playback Theatre Community development through theatrical activities . Organized to perform street theater , Sarwanam performs plays which focus on social issues in Nepal . Ashesh Malla , Om Mani Sharma , and Indra Ratna Bajracharya form the Managing committee who manage Sarwanam Theatre Group and Sarwanam Dramatic Art Centre . The group has developed the Sarwanam Art Centre in Putali Sadak , Kalikasthan , Kathmandu , which houses a theatre auditorium , cafeteria , art gallery , workshop hall and research centre . Sarwanam has given performances in collaboration with The Asia Foundation , UNMIN , UNFPA , and Save the Children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e86373aaee7ca15cd863a53f0c581e36", "text": "Mu Odia Mu Odia is a new 24 × 7 Odia music channel which is broadcast from Bhubaneswar . MBC TV M/s Micro broadcast ( MBC ) has planned for `` Mu Odia '' to separate Entertainment contents from its existing TV channel . Category : Music television channels in India Category : Odia-language television channels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "052824b8a6545bb3277408db72d0ecfc", "text": "Sony Aath Sony AATH ( Bengali : সনি আট ) is a Premium Bangla Entertainment Channel that entertains its viewers with a mix of fiction , cinema as well as locally produced animation programs . Launched in 2009 , Sony AATH has become extremely popular amongst viewers of all age groups . With fiction shows such as Crime Patrol , Adaalat , AAHAT , Gopal Bhar and Nut Boltu , the channel not only has the most exciting fiction series in Bengali but also the most funny animation programs produced in Bengali . Sony AATH is available on DishTV , Tata Sky , Airtel Digital TV , Videocon DTH , and almost all prominent digital and analog platforms in India . Launched in the year 2009 , it is also available in USA and Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be25730fc0125cbea79e58ff5a3dbd3c", "text": "Nandini (TV series) Nandhini is an South Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV , Surya TV , Gemini TV and Udaya TV channels . It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India . Nithya Ram , Baby Adhitri , Malavika Wales and Rahul Ravi are the main protagonists of the series . The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and South-Indian actress Kushboo . The show has been praised and well received by the audience , becoming a huge success and India 's most watched television series in a matter of weeks since it first aired . The show airs every Monday to Saturday at 9:00 PM & 10.30 AM ( Sun tv re-telecast ) ( IST ) on Sun TV and Gemini TV . From Monday to Friday at 9:00 PM ( IST ) on Surya TV and Monday to Friday at 8:30 PM ( IST ) on Udaya TV in Tamil , Malayalam , Telugu and Kannada , respectively . In Sri Lanka Monday to Friday at 10.00 pm on Shakthi TV . It is edited by National award winner N. B. Srikanth and his long time associate C. M. Selvakumar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "983ae1e37154d946322083dc3f47496c", "text": "Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur ( English : The Johur of the Queen Padmini of Chittod ) was an Indian historical television drama on Sony Entertainment Television ( India ) , based on the life of Rani Padmini , the famous 14th-century queen of Chittod , Mewar , Rajasthan . The drama premiered on 25 May 2009 with Sony TV 's `` new look '' along with many other shows . The series is produced by National Award ( India ) winning director , Nitin Chandrakant Desai , who spent millions of rupees to create the `` right look '' for the drama . The drama was meant to run for 6 months ( 104 episodes ) , but ended after 48 episodes due to its exceeding expenses and low TRPs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96c738fe555a8d5564b32f8cd28079ad", "text": "Swim Team (TV series) Swim Team is an Indian television series that aired on Channel V India from 9 March 2015 to 19 February 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2ad31a1ffab9309cd74749ef33f874e", "text": "Bhabhi (TV series) Bhabhi ( Sister-in-Law ) is an Indian Hindi language soap opera that premiered on 18 March 2002 on STAR Plus . The series was produced by one of India 's popular production house , UTV Software Communications , also known as UTV . It has ended on STAR Plus but is currently re-aired on TV Asia channel in USA . It ran for six years for a total of 1328 episodes , making it one of the longest running shows on Hindi television.Its title role of Bhabhi ( Saroj ) was played by Neha Mehta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "221cf9899ccc517f8f2115b4e4e2a86e", "text": "Jai Shri Krishna Jai Shri Krishna ( English : Hail Lord Krishna ) is an Indian television series produced by Sagar Pictures , which aired on Colors in Hindi from 21 July 2008 to 15 September 2009 and also on Raj TV in Tamil from 20 April 2009 to 14 June 2010 . Actor Meghan Jadhav played Krishna . It is the remake of Ramanand Sagar 's successful show Sri Krishna and was handled by Moti Sagar of Sagar Pictures . It is based on Mahabharata , Harivamsa , Bhagavata Purana and the Vishnu Purana . It is aired regularly on Rishtey in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0c2d1466a83e66e64ec03545851d6f6", "text": "Terukkuttu Terukkuttu is a Tamil street theatre form practised in Tamil Nadu state of India and Tamil-speaking regions of Sri Lanka . Terukuttu is a form of entertainment , a ritual , and a medium of social instruction . The terukkuttu plays various themes . One theme is from the Tamil language versions of the Hindu epic Mahabharata , focusing on the character Draupadi . The terms Terukkuttu and Kattaikkuttu are often used interchangeably in the modern times ; however , historically the two terms appear to have distinguished , at least in certain villages , between two different kinds of performance : while Terukkuttu referred to mobile performances in a procession , Kattaikkuttu denotes overnight , narrative performances at a fixed performance space .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5000f683d6ad4ce6f183ebea274f7f74", "text": "Infotainment Television Infotainment Television Pvt Ltd. or ITV is a production company based in New Delhi , India . It produces programmes for BBC , Channel News Asia , Doordarshan , CNBC and SABe TV . It was started in August 2001 by Karan Thapar , President of ITV . Karan Thapar is a very aggressive interviewer . Category : Television production companies of India", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66e2207e526cf6f0df9cd3d509ef4e35", "text": "Doordarshan Kendra, Madurai Doordarshan Kendra Madurai was inaugurated on 15 August 2005 . The service has been extended to the entire state in phased manner by installing Terrestrial Transmitters of different capacities ( HPTs , LPTs , VLPTs ) at different parts of the state . The local ( DD Madurai ) service caters to the needs of the populace living in the areas falling within the reach of a particular transmitter through area specific programmes in the local languages and dialects . DD Madurai presents a program by Sri Velakkudi Krishnan , about the meanings of Bhagavadh Gita . It is just for 15 minutes but Sri Velakkudi keeps you attached to his speech . Such is his charm . This Narrow cast at 6.30 am and 6.30 PM also in DD CHENNAI , Podhigai TV DD Madurai is in Southern Tamil Nadu and also used for narrowcasting for the benefit of Farmers and general public in and around Madurai district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73e286b97819109827ee69d3c1cd6eda", "text": "Kundali (TV series) Kundali is an Indian-produced television soap opera that originally aired on Metro Gold under DD Metro in 2002 . After the channel closed , the series was taken over by STAR Plus , and aired from the beginning . Due to its popularity among audiences , the series is currently re-airing on TV Asia channel in USA , every Friday at 8pm EST. . The series is produced by one of the popular Indian television production house , Balaji Telefilms , and directed by Ekta Kapoor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae9ee5a08d7c0424b20ee60debf73ecc", "text": "Hum Paanch (TV series) Hum Paanch ( Hindi : हम पाँच , English : `` Us Five '' ) was an Indian sitcom that first aired in 1995 . It ran until 1999 . The series returned for a second season in 2005 and ran until mid-2006 . It is regarded as one of the all-time favourite comedies along with Dekh Bhai Dekh . The lead actors of the show -- Ashok Saraf , Vidya Balan , Rakhee Tandon , Bhairavi Raichura , Vandana Pathak -- gained overnight stardom and became iconic TV actors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef008fedc0c0699c738c0ca78b6e3b95", "text": "Music India Music India is a Hindi music television channel based in Mumbai . It shows 24 hours Hindi music . The channel had broadcast in the United Kingdom and Ireland on Sky from 5 December 2007 until 10 April 2013 , when it was replaced with PTC Punjabi .", "title": "" } ]	fever
20d2f08de407847b2713d9ed430052ca	Rock music incorporated styles from other American music genres.	[ { "docid": "8e42f1e14278ce7368e8db951e498f5c", "text": "Blues Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century . The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions , African-American work songs , spirituals , and folk music . Blues incorporated spirituals , work songs , field hollers , shouts , chants , and rhymed simple narrative ballads . The blues form , ubiquitous in jazz , rhythm and blues and rock and roll , is characterized by the call-and-response pattern , the blues scale and specific chord progressions , of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common . Blue notes ( or `` worried notes '' ) , usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch , are also an essential part of the sound . Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove . Blues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics , bass lines , and instrumentation . Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times . It was only in the first decades of the 20th century that the most common current structure became standard : the AAB pattern , consisting of a line sung over the four first bars , its repetition over the next four , and then a longer concluding line over the last bars . Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative , often relating the troubles experienced in African-American society . Many elements , such as the call-and-response format and the use of blue notes , can be traced back to the music of Africa . The origins of the blues are also closely related to the religious music of the Afro-American community , the spirituals . The first appearance of the blues is often dated to after the ending of slavery and , later , the development of juke joints . It is associated with the newly acquired freedom of the former slaves . Chroniclers began to report about blues music at the dawn of the 20th century . The first publication of blues sheet music was in 1908 . Blues has since evolved from unaccompanied vocal music and oral traditions of slaves into a wide variety of styles and subgenres . Blues subgenres include country blues , such as Delta blues and Piedmont blues , as well as urban blues styles such as Chicago blues and West Coast blues . World War II marked the transition from acoustic to electric blues and the progressive opening of blues music to a wider audience , especially white listeners . In the 1960s and 1970s , a hybrid form called blues rock evolved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ecfd8056a8c06ad08827490a2ffe87d", "text": "Rock music Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as `` rock and roll '' in the United States in the early 1950s , and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later , particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States . It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll , a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues , and from country music . Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk , and incorporated influences from jazz , classical and other musical styles . Musically , rock has centered on the electric guitar , usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers . Typically , rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form , but the genre has become extremely diverse . Like pop music , lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political . By the late 1960s `` classic rock '' period , a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged , including hybrids like blues rock , folk rock , country rock , raga rock , and jazz-rock , many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock , which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene . New genres that emerged included progressive rock , which extended the artistic elements ; glam rock , which highlighted showmanship and visual style ; and the diverse and enduring subgenre of heavy metal , which emphasized volume , power , and speed . In the second half of the 1970s , punk rock reacted by producing stripped-down , energetic social and political critiques . Punk was an influence in the 1980s on new wave , post-punk and eventually alternative rock . From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break into the mainstream in the form of grunge , Britpop , and indie rock . Further fusion subgenres have since emerged , including pop punk , rap rock , and rap metal , as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock 's history , including the garage rock/post-punk and synth-pop revivals at the beginning of the 2000s ( decade ) . Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements , leading to major subcultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s . Similarly , 1970s punk culture spawned the goth and emo subcultures . Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song , rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race , sex and drug use , and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12f40e6a966c573b9d05cd99e13c10cb", "text": "Jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in African American communities of New Orleans , United States , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries , and developed from roots in blues and ragtime . Since the 1920s Jazz Age , jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression . It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European military band music . Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States , different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as `` one of America 's original art forms '' . As jazz spread around the world , it drew on different national , regional , and local musical cultures , which gave rise to many distinctive styles . New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s , combining earlier brass-band marches , French quadrilles , biguine , ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation . In the 1930s , heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands , Kansas City jazz , a hard-swinging , bluesy , improvisational style and Gypsy jazz ( a style that emphasized musette waltzes ) were the prominent styles . Bebop emerged in the 1940s , shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging `` musician 's music '' which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation . Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s , introducing calmer , smoother sounds and long , linear melodic lines . The 1950s saw the emergence of free jazz , which explored playing without regular meter , beat and formal structures , and in the mid-1950s , hard bop emerged , which introduced influences from rhythm and blues , gospel , and blues , especially in the saxophone and piano playing . Modal jazz developed in the late 1950s , using the mode , or musical scale , as the basis of musical structure and improvisation . Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s , combining jazz improvisation with rock music 's rhythms , electric instruments , and highly amplified stage sound . In the early 1980s , a commercial form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful , garnering significant radio airplay . Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s , such as Latin and Afro-Cuban jazz .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cf3767c42fefd9f1d1e0553648f525ca", "text": "Americana Americana are artifacts , or a collection of artifacts , related to the history , geography , folklore and cultural heritage of the United States . Many kinds of material fall within the definition of Americana : paintings , prints and drawings ; license plates or entire vehicles , household objects , tools and weapons ; flags , plaques and statues , and so on . Patriotism and nostalgia play defining roles in the subject . The things involved need not be old , but need to have the appropriate associations . The Atlantic described the term as `` slang for the comforting , middle-class ephemera at your average antique store -- things like needle-pointed pillows , Civil War daguerreotypes , and engraved silverware sets . '' The term may be used to describe the theme of a museum or collection , or of goods for sale . The term can also be used to describe studies of American culture , especially studies based in other countries . Americana music is contemporary music that incorporates elements of various American roots music styles , including country , roots-rock , folk , bluegrass and blues , resulting in a distinctive roots-oriented sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76c540d81a7f85f080dde15c77857a5e", "text": "Traditional heavy metal Traditional heavy metal , also known as classic metal , or traditional metal , is the seminal genre of heavy metal music before the genre `` evolved and splintered into many different styles and subgenres . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74475b3e9cfe19db8866b34e6c566194", "text": "Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes . Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b520160bb5e59c955b2c66c78969648b", "text": "Social effects of rock music The popularity and worldwide scope of rock music resulted in a powerful impact on society . Rock and roll influenced daily life , fashion , attitudes and language in a way few other social developments have equalled . As the original generations of rock and roll fans matured , the music became an accepted and deeply interwoven thread in popular culture . Beginning in the early 1950s , rock songs and acts began to be used in a few television commercials ; within a decade this practice became widespread , and rock music also featured in film and television program soundtracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "579f63a07bdfa1f180fc8cfec75ad601", "text": "American popular music American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world . The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture , including ragtime , blues , jazz , swing , rock , bluegrass , country , R&B , doo wop , gospel , soul , funk , heavy metal , punk , disco , house , techno , salsa , grunge and hip hop . In addition , the American music industry is quite diverse , supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco , klezmer and slack-key . Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century , and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music , using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music . These popular styles included country , R&B , jazz and rock . The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of important changes in American popular music , including the development of a number of new styles , such as heavy metal , punk , soul , and hip hop . Though these styles were not in the sense of mainstream , they were commercially recorded and are thus examples of popular music as opposed to folk or classical music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54c8a76880e814fd6940eb79cde55bfe", "text": "1950s in jazz By the end of the 1940s , the nervous energy and tension of bebop was replaced with a tendency towards calm and smoothness , with the sounds of cool jazz , which favoured long , linear melodic lines . It emerged in New York City , as a result of the mixture of the styles of predominantly white swing jazz musicians and predominantly black bebop musicians , and it dominated jazz in the first half of the 1950s . The starting point were a series of singles on Capitol Records in 1949 and 1950 of a nonet led by trumpeter Miles Davis , collected and released first on a ten-inch and later a twelve-inch as the Birth of the Cool . Cool jazz recordings by Chet Baker , Dave Brubeck , Bill Evans , Gil Evans , Stan Getz and the Modern Jazz Quartet usually have a `` lighter '' sound which avoided the aggressive tempos and harmonic abstraction of bebop . Cool jazz later became strongly identified with the West Coast jazz scene , but also had a particular resonance in Europe , especially Scandinavia , with emergence of such major figures as baritone saxophonist Lars Gullin and pianist Bengt Hallberg . The theoretical underpinnings of cool jazz were set out by the blind Chicago pianist Lennie Tristano , and its influence stretches into such later developments as Bossa nova , modal jazz , and even free jazz . See also the list of cool jazz and West Coast musicians for further detail . Hard bop , an extension of bebop ( or `` bop '' ) music that incorporates influences from rhythm and blues , gospel music , and blues , especially in the saxophone and piano playing , developed in the mid-1950s , partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s . The hard bop style coalesced in 1953 and 1954 , paralleling the rise of rhythm and blues . Miles Davis ' performance of `` Walkin ' '' the title track of his album of the same year , at the very first Newport Jazz Festival in 1954 , announced the style to the jazz world . The quintet Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers , fronted by Blakey and featuring pianist Horace Silver and trumpeter Clifford Brown , were leaders in the hard bop movement along with Davis . ( See also List of Hard bop musicians ) Modal jazz recordings , such as Miles Davis 's Kind of Blue , became popular in the late 1950s . Popular modal standards include Davis 's `` All Blues '' and `` So What '' ( both 1959 ) , John Coltrane 's `` Impressions '' ( 1963 ) and Herbie Hancock 's `` Maiden Voyage '' ( 1965 ) . Later , Davis 's `` second great quintet '' , which included saxophonist Wayne Shorter and pianist Herbie Hancock , recorded a series of highly acclaimed albums in the mid-to-late 1960s . Standards from these sessions include Shorter 's `` Footprints '' ( 1966 ) and Eddie Harris 's `` Freedom Jazz Dance '' ( 1966 ) . In Brazil , a new style of music called bossa nova evolved in the late 1950s . The free jazz movement , coming to prominence in the late 1950s , spawned very few standards . Free jazz 's unorthodox structures and performance techniques are not as amenable to transcription as other jazz styles . However , `` Lonely Woman '' ( 1959 ) a blues by saxophonist Ornette Coleman , is perhaps the closest thing to a standard in free jazz , having been recorded by dozens of notable performers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e82ff384d63ad18424b75932c4d87911", "text": "Dub music Dub is a genre of music that grew out of reggae in the 1960s , and is commonly considered a subgenre , though it has developed to extend beyond the scope of reggae . Music in this genre consists predominantly of instrumental remixes of existing recordings and is achieved by significantly manipulating and reshaping the recordings , usually by removing the vocals from an existing music piece , and emphasizing the drum and bass parts ( this stripped-down track is sometimes referred to as a riddim ) . Other techniques include dynamically adding extensive echo , reverb , panoramic delay , and occasional dubbing of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works . It was an early form of popular electronic music . Dub was pioneered by Osbourne `` King Tubby '' Ruddock , Lee `` Scratch '' Perry , Errol Thompson and others in the late 1960s . Augustus Pablo is credited with bringing the melodica to dub , and is also among the pioneers and creators of the genre . Similar experiments with recordings at the mixing desk outside of the dancehall environment were also done by producers Clive Chin and Herman Chin Loy . These producers , especially Ruddock and Perry , looked upon the mixing console as an instrument , manipulating tracks to come up with something new and different . Dub has influenced many genres of music , including rock ( most significantly the subgenre of post-punk and other kinds of punk ) , pop , hip hop , disco , and later house , techno , ambient , electronic dance music , and trip hop . Dub has become a basis for the genres of jungle and drum and bass Traditional dub has survived , and some of the originators , such as Lee `` Scratch '' Perry and Mad Professor , continue to produce new material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f888ae2962b63e5e8f4364873ac979", "text": "Rock and roll (disambiguation) Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s . Rock and roll or Rock n ' roll may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "834599e48e3ad98b67787cb75a715027", "text": "Party Doll `` Party Doll '' is a 1957 rock 'n' roll song written by Buddy Knox and Jimmy Bowen . It was performed by Buddy Knox with the Rhythm Orchids and became a hit on the Roulette label . Buddy Knox was a teenager living near Happy , Texas , in 1948 when he wrote the original verses of `` Party Doll '' behind a haystack on his family farm . While attending college at West Texas State University , he and two college friends , Jimmy Bowen and Don Lanier , traveled to Clovis , New Mexico to record the song at the studio of Norman Petty . Knox 's sister and two of her friends , Iraene Potts of Amarilo and a neighbor , sang background vocals on the song and a girl from the marching band of Clovis High School was recruited to play cymbal . After pressing copies of the record , a DJ in Amarillo began playing `` Party Doll '' in 1956 and it soon became a regional hit . After being contacted by Roulette Records in New York City , the song was distributed around the U.S. and became a chart-topping hit , spending a week at No. 1 on the Top 100 chart , the precursor to the Billboard Hot 100 , in March 1957 . Almost immediately after Roulette released Knox 's version of the song , competing versions of `` Party Doll '' were recorded and released by other record labels . Wingy Manone and Roy Brown recorded R&B versions of the song which saw some success . A less rock and roll version by singer Steve Lawrence ( with Dick Jacobs conducting the orchestra ) also became a pop hit that year , reaching No. 5 on the Billboard Top 100 . Lawrence 's version was released on the Coral label . The Crests recorded a cover version for their 1960 album , The Crests Sing All Biggies . The Fleetwoods also recorded a version of the song . Ronnie Dove , several years before he became a star , recorded the song in 1961 with his band , The Bell Tones , for Decca Records . It was also one of several rock 'n' roll standards recorded by Lindisfarne on their 1987 party album C'mon Everybody , and released as a single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "938fb4b93d3928ed2d97fbecce4c5cb6", "text": "List of North American folk music traditions This is a list of folk music traditions , with styles , dances , instruments and other related topics . The term folk music can not be easily defined in a precise manner ; it is used with widely varying definitions depending on the author , intended audience and context within a work . Similarly , the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly-defined criteria . Music scholars , journalists , audiences , record industry individuals , politicians , nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial , geographic , linguistic , religious , tribal or ethnic lines , and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a `` folk music tradition '' . This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream , primarily English-language , scholarly sources , as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works . These traditions may coincide entirely , partially or not at all with geographic , political , linguistic or cultural boundaries . Very few , if any , music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples ; thus , the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1d3a98c81d39e94e9dc68e77c61b59", "text": "Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible . Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best . In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings . Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edec76870b999dbecd20d48f92e2af31", "text": "Legal issues surrounding music sampling Music sampling is the subject of many legal disputes , chiefly in the realm of copyright law as it applies to musical compositions and sound recordings . Early sampling artists simply used portions of other artists ' recordings without permission , but once music incorporating samples began to make significant money , some sampled artists , publishers , and record companies began to take legal action , claiming copyright infringement . Sometimes , after the threat or initiation of a lawsuit , such disputes are settled out of court , often with the sampling artist obtaining a license at considerable cost and making other concessions to appease the aggrieved party ; other times , the sampling artist contests the infringement claims , such as by arguing in court that the copyright law does not cover their particular use of the work . The outcome of these court cases , primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom , have shaped common law , defining ways statutory law -- which does not directly cover sampling -- can be applied to sampling disputes . In accordance to the United States constitution , the laws of copyright permit a number of rights to authors so that they may `` Promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts . '' This principle brings to light the true reason for copyright law - to develop boundaries economically and legally where learning , science , and culture can progress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "584810038bd72c584527ae937ec9fb52", "text": "Rockschool Rockschool was a television series aired by the BBC and PBS on 1 November 1983 . The series explored the history of rock music and gave instruction in popular performance techniques . Aired in the United States by public television station WNET , Herbie Hancock was brought in to host the series for the American market . Hancock presented various topics in a studio classroom setting , interspersed with short lessons from the `` Rockschool Band '' and interview segments with well-known musicians . The series was produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation and distributed in the U.S. by Lorimar Productions in 1987 , as six volumes on VHS tape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e15dcc040ff6e5899c5d01f77df9dc6", "text": "Comedy rock Comedy rock is rock music mixed with comedy , often satire and parody .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45f9222a3ccaaeeed14340efacdbe70", "text": "Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) . In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . '' The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries . Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show . In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "680902e19fc5e504e09a3ce42bee1195", "text": "Backing vocalist Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists . In some cases , a backing singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist 's entry or to sing a counter-melody . Backing vocalists are used in a broad range of popular music , traditional music and world music styles . Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts . In many rock and metal bands ( e.g. , the power trio ) , the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments , such as guitar , electric bass , drums , or keyboards . In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups , backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing . In some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater , the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones . The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song and the genre of music the band plays . In pop and country songs , backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist . In hardcore punk or rockabilly , other band members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus ( refrain ) section of the songs .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c97a507eea659421d72d476ec2215779	Welcome Back (film) features only American actors.	[ { "docid": "a3bb9525dc334b0676eb2186770bc706", "text": "Welcome Back (film) Welcome Back is an Indian action comedy film directed by Anees Bazmee and produced by Firoz Nadiadwala , released in 2015 . It is a sequel to Welcome and features an ensemble cast that includes Anil Kapoor , Nana Patekar , John Abraham , Shruti Haasan , Paresh Rawal , Dimple Kapadia and Naseeruddin Shah . While Kapoor , Patekar and Rawal have reprised their roles from the 2007 film , Abraham and Hassan are new additions to the lead cast . Made on a budget of US$ 16 million , the film was largely shot in and around Dubai , United Arab Emirates . Welcome Back was released worldwide on 4 September 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70a91c470b9c9c4ea407a9c428b92b0a", "text": "Anil Kapoor Anil Kapoor ( born 24 December 1956 ) is an Indian actor and producer who has appeared in many Bollywood films , as well as international films and television series . His career has spanned almost 40 years as an actor , and as a producer since 2005 . He has won many awards in his career , including two National Film Awards and six Filmfare Awards in different acting categories . Kapoor made his Hindi film cameo appearance with Umesh Mehra 's Hamare Tumhare ( 1979 ) in a small role . He made his first debut film and then starred as a lead actor in the 1980 Telugu film , Vamsa Vruksham directed by Bapu . He then made his Kannada film debut with Mani Ratnam 's Pallavi Anu Pallavi ( 1983 ) . He received his first Filmfare Award , in the Best Supporting Actor category , for his role in Yash Chopra 's Mashaal ( 1984 ) . Kapoor earned his first Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in N. Chandra 's Tezaab ( 1988 ) and later again for his performance in Indra Kumar 's Beta ( 1992 ) . He has also starred in many other critically and commercially successful films : Meri Jung ( 1985 ) ; Karma ( 1986 ) ; Mr. India ( 1987 ) ; Virasat ( 1997 ) , for which he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor ; Taal ( 1999 ) , for which he won his second Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award ; Pukar ( 2000 ) , for which he won a National Film Award for Best Actor ; No Entry ( 2005 ) ; Dil Dhadakne Do ( 2015 ) for which he won his third Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award . Kapoor 's first role in an international film was in Danny Boyle 's Academy Award-winning film Slumdog Millionaire , for which he shared the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . His performance in the eighth season of the action series 24 generated rave reviews from the American press . Globally , Kapoor is one of the most recognised Indian actors .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ba9d3be7713f5a6c5acd0916746a9446", "text": "Ajay Naidu Ajay Kalahastri Naidu ( born February 12 , 1972 ) is an American actor . He is of Indian descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "218fb51912f8eb164dcf332c2e03a99a", "text": "Welcome to New York (2014 film) Welcome to New York is a 2014 French-American drama film co-written and directed by Abel Ferrara . Inspired by the Dominique Strauss-Kahn affair , the film was released on 17 May 2014 by VOD on the internet as the film failed to secure a place on the official selection at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival , nor was it picked up for theatrical distribution in France and is facing self-censorship by the French media , according to Vincent Maraval , one of the producers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5d47fb71a6dcbe1716a5f6725c88f17", "text": "Jaye Davidson Jaye Davidson ( born Alfred Amey ; March 21 , 1968 ) is an American-born British model and retired actor . He is best known for his role as the transgender character Dil in the 1992 suspense-drama thriller film The Crying Game , for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , and for appearing in 1994 's Stargate as the god-like Ra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d0471a8d5aac000d5f50f7d66e6c363", "text": "Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 . The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 . The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton . It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aedd576583772437ba03cad319aec8e9", "text": "The American Side The American Side is a 2016 film starring Greg Stuhr and Matthew Broderick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "318111dcca2f876bfbb7c0c986fa4f28", "text": "Albert Daniels Albert Daniels ( born January 8 , 1983 in Bronx , New York ) , also known as Albe Back , often stylized ALBe . Back , is an actor , artist , producer , poet , and rapper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a0f785dc9d060e4c07901ead9ff42ae", "text": "Lee Wallace (actor) Lee Wallace ( born July 15 , 1930 ) is an American actor of film , stage , and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c5f5d92ff1b9813a693be7f4bcf300b", "text": "Welcome Home (Brian Littrell album) Welcome Home is the debut solo album by Backstreet Boys member Brian Littrell . The album was released on May 2 , 2006 on Sony BMG and Christian music label Reunion Records . The album peaked on the Billboard 200 at number 74 , and at number 3 on the Christian Albums chart . Four singles have been released from the album : `` Welcome Home ( You ) '' , which charted at number one on the Christian Songs chart , and won Best Video of the Year of Dove Award . The album has sold over 100,000 copies in U.S as of April 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4d67550f96b4879c2db2c62679417b", "text": "Sam Golzari Sam Golzari ( سام گلزاری born 12 July 1979 ) is a British actor of Iranian descent active in the United States . He is known for his debut role in American Dreamz . Golzari was born in Hammersmith , London , England , to parents of Persian origin . He received his BA from UCLA in 2003 , where he worked in the Conservatory Acting Program . Golzari got his start at the age of four as a Michael Jackson impersonator . Besides his work at UCLA , Golzari has also been a lab member of the Latino Theater Company under Jose Luis Valenzuela . Golzari 's plans were to stay in the theater , but while at college he started working on student films . It was there that he began to find a love for the craft of filmmaking . His short film The Break won an award for the `` best ensemble cast '' at the Method Fest film festival . After this , he got his TV debut when the Showtime network aired his film The Invisible Man , directed by UCLA film student Angela Mrema . After college graduation , Golzari landed the first Hollywood film for which he auditioned , American Dreamz . In the film he stars alongside Hugh Grant , Mandy Moore and Dennis Quaid . Since that film , he plays the role of Kameron in the film 21 alongside Jim Sturgess and Kevin Spacey . He has also worked with Tony Shalhoub on the film AmericanEast , as well as an all-improv mockumentary , Juan Francis : Live , produced by Norman Lear . Golzari is also a founding member of the LA-based band the Elevaters , who have released a self-titled EP as well as a full-length album entitled `` Rising . '' He has also appeared in 2016 American film , Jimmy Vestvood : Amerikan Hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b6e5cab2771353ca1929c6e8d1c0fd3", "text": "Jay Pickett Jay Pickett ( born February 10 , 1961 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8e2774a726293791ed494affbcf117", "text": "Robert Hegyes Robert Hegyes ( pronounced Hedges ; May 7 , 1951 -- January 26 , 2012 ) was an American actor best known for his portrayal of high school student Juan Epstein on the 1970s American sitcom Welcome Back , Kotter and as detective Manny Esposito on the 1980s American crime drama Cagney & Lacey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4768b24a6f1ca7d782aa14997d00a5", "text": "American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case . The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie . Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "319a3f5a4398cb826006d94589502d44", "text": "The American Way (film) The American Way , also known as Riders of the Storm , is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by Maurice Phillips and starring Dennis Hopper and Michael J. Pollard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "041b94f704c2c2daae6a65e698453dd6", "text": "Return (2010 film) Return ( Kotiinpaluu ) , also Homecoming , is a 2010 Finnish short film directed by Harri J. Rantala and starring Eerik Kantokoski , Reeta Annala , Kalevi Haapoja and Kauko Salo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27073b4433bb5f0e3d208f95495d263", "text": "Sam Rockwell Samuel Rockwell ( born November 5 , 1968 ) is an American actor known for independent and mainstream films . He is known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs ( 1997 ) , Confessions of a Dangerous Mind ( 2002 ) , Matchstick Men ( 2003 ) , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , Choke ( 2008 ) , Moon ( 2009 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , and Mr. Right ( 2015 ) , as well as for his supporting roles in The Green Mile ( 1999 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , The Assassination of Jesse James ( 2007 ) , Frost/Nixon ( 2008 ) , Conviction ( 2010 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) , and Poltergeist ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49359cd95d89b659f38d5a9bc3a5813c", "text": "The Comedian (2016 film) The Comedian is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and written by Lewis Friedman , Richard LaGravenese , Art Linson , and Jeff Ross . The film stars Robert De Niro , Leslie Mann , Danny DeVito , Edie Falco , Veronica Ferres , Charles Grodin , Cloris Leachman , Patti LuPone and Harvey Keitel . The film had its world premiere at the AFI Fest on November 11 , 2016 and was released on December 9 , 2016 , by Sony Pictures Classics . The film opened to negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" } ]	fever
68191b28e93e90304250d60ea229241c	By 1933, the Nazi Party was the largest elected party in the German Reichstag.	[ { "docid": "e00654ca433ac8292a236fc65f44166a", "text": "Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler ( -LSB- ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ -RSB- ; 20 April 1889 -- 30 April 1945 ) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party ( Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei ; NSDAP ) , Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 , and Führer ( `` Leader '' ) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945 . As dictator of the German Reich , he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 , and was central to the Holocaust . Hitler was born in Austria , then part of Austria-Hungary , and raised near Linz . He moved to Germany in 1913 and was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I . He joined the German Workers ' Party ( DAP ) , the precursor of the NSDAP , in 1919 and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921 . In 1923 he attempted a coup in Munich to seize power . The failed coup resulted in Hitler 's imprisonment , during which he dictated the first volume of his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf ( `` My Struggle '' ) . After his release in 1924 , Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism , anti-semitism , and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda . Hitler frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as being part of a Jewish conspiracy . By 1933 , the Nazi Party was the largest elected party in the German Reichstag , which led to Hitler 's appointment as Chancellor on 30 January 1933 . Following fresh elections won by his coalition , the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act , which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany , a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of National Socialism . Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain and France . His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression , the effective abandonment of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I , and the annexation of territories that were home to millions of ethnic Germans -- actions which gave him significant popular support . Hitler sought Lebensraum ( `` living space '' ) for the German people in Eastern Europe . His aggressive foreign policy is considered to be the primary cause of the outbreak of World War II in Europe . He directed large-scale rearmament and on 1 September 1939 invaded Poland , resulting in British and French declarations of war on Germany . In June 1941 , Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union . By the end of 1941 German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe and North Africa . Failure to defeat the Soviets and the entry of the United States into the war forced Germany onto the defensive and it suffered a series of escalating defeats . In the final days of the war , during the Battle of Berlin in 1945 , Hitler married his long-time lover , Eva Braun . On 30 April 1945 , less than two days later , the two killed themselves to avoid capture by the Red Army , and their corpses were burned . Under Hitler 's leadership and racially motivated ideology , the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of at least 5.5 million Jews and millions of other victims whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen ( `` sub-humans '' ) and socially undesirable . Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war . In addition , 29 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European Theatre of World War II . The number of civilians killed during the Second World War was unprecedented in warfare , and constitutes the deadliest conflict in human history .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a71d5578e2eef1941d25d21f9a98f820", "text": "Swiss federal election, 1935 Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 27 October 1935 . The Social Democratic Party emerged as the largest party in the National Council , winning 50 of the 187 seats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68270436e966162ea69a39ff1f53afd", "text": "German Metal Workers' Union The German Metal Workers ' Union ( Deutscher Metallarbeiter-Verband , abbreviated DMV ) was a German industrial union for metalworkers formed in 1891 and dissolved after the Nazis ' accession to power in 1933 . German metalworkers started to organize in labor unions in 1868 . In 1891 , at a congress in Frankfurt from June 1 to June 6 , a number of separate unions joined forces to form a single federation with 23,200 members . The DMV was the first industrial union in the country . It was headquartered in Stuttgart . It took over publication of the already extant newspaper Deutsche Metall-Arbeiter-Zeitung . At first , it faced opposition from the established craft unions . Its membership reached 50,000 by 1896 , 100,000 in 1901 , and over 500,000 by 1913 . Its growth was slowed by its failure to gain recognition by employers in large plants in heavy industry until World War I. During World War I , the DMV , like the rest of the socialist labor movement , did not oppose the country 's war efforts and maintained labor peace , a policy known as the Burgfrieden . As the war effort unraveled and revolutionary struggles broke out , metalworkers rebelled as well . They were a major part of the January Strikes , though the union itself helped re-establish order . After government control collapsed in November 1918 , most leaders had to leave their posts as a result of having supported the war . Once order was restored , the DMV , which was part of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund ( ADGB ) , a confederation of socialist unions , attained recognition from employers and its membership spiked to 1.6 million in 1919 , briefly making it the single largest union in the world . It was , however , unable to attract younger workers throughout the Weimar years and its membership sank to under a million by 1928 . During the 1920s , communists from the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) had considerable influence in the DMV . After the Nazis gained power in 1933 , the DMV was banned on May 2 . Many of its leaders were imprisoned and taken to concentration camps and the union 's assets and property were seized . Some of its organizational structures were integrated into the German Labor Front ( DAF ) , the Nazi Party 's labor organization . Although the DMV opposed the Nazis , it was unable to put up meaningful resistance against their rule . After World War II , in 1949 , IG Metall was established as the new German federation for metalworkers . It continued the DMV 's tradition , but strove to maintain political neutrality , feeling that political discord in the German labor movement had contributed to the Nazis ' victory in 1933 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be1e1ccbe51bedbb83c9a763931e6bc8", "text": "Academy for German Law The Academy for German Law ( Akademie für deutsches Recht ) was an institute founded in 1933 in Nazi Germany on the initiative of Hans Frank . After 11 July 1934 , it was a public corporation of the Reich . It was financed largely by business donations . The academy 's members were prominent representatives of politics , business and academia , including Hermann Göring , Joseph Goebbels , Carl Bosch , Friedrich Flick , Carl Schmitt , and Hans Carl Nipperdey ; its presidents were Hans Frank ( 1933 -- 1943 ) and Otto Georg Thierack ( 1942 -- 1945 ) . Frank 's original goal for the academy -- influence on National Socialist legislation -- did not prevail because the ministerial bureaucracies successfully defended their prerogatives . The academy developed extensive representative and publishing activities . By holding attractive international congresses , it contributed to the reputation of the Third Reich . Its committees attempted to develop the foundations for a new NS law ( Volk Law Code ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7e99fd6e29cc0f7979f13f3b89cc6ce", "text": "Die Zeit (Prague) Die Zeit ( ` The Time ' ) was a German language daily newspaper published in Prague , Czechoslovakia from 1935 to 1938 . The newspaper was the central organ of the Sudeten German Party ( SdP ) . The first issue came out on October 1 , 1935 . Die Zeit took over the role as the central party organ from the weekly Rundschau . Walter Brand was the editor-in-chief of Die Zeit . The newspaper received funds from Germany . 250,000 Reichmark were transferred for the launch of Die Zeit , followed by a monthly subsidy of 10,000 Reichmarks . Die Zeit had an illustrated supplement , Zeitspiegel ( ` Mirror of Time ' ) . As of 1937/1938 SdP re-organized its party press . All small publishing companies were merged in two central publishing companies . On January 1 , 1938 Die Zeit , Zeitspiegel and Rundschau came under the management of the publishing company `` Pressa-Gesellschaft m. b. H. , Herausgabe und Verkauf von Zeitungen und Zeitschriften '' , at Hybernska Street 4 , Prague II . On April 1 , 1938 the weekly Die Zeit am Montag ( ` The Time on Monday ' ) was added to the publications issued by the same company . The SdP shut down its Prague HQ and Die Zeit on September 14 , 1938 . The suspension of publishing of Die Zeit was supposedly ` temporary ' . On October 4 , 1938 Die Zeit re-appeared , being published from Dresden , Germany . Once the Reichsgau Sudetenland had been established , Die Zeit became the official NSDAP daily for Sudetenland . The publishing was shifted to Reichenberg . Die Zeit was issued by R.S. Gauverlag Sudetenland G.m.b.H. between 1939-1945 . Publication continued at least until February 1945 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e507e37bcc8037ddf6bc439073718d2", "text": "Frankfurt Documents thumb \| right \| 200px \| Members of the Frankfurt conference Frankfurt Documents were a series of documents which were an important step on the way to the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany . On July 1 , 1948 the representatives of the Western allied occupation forces handed over a number of documents to the prime ministers and two ruling mayors from the western zones of occupation , in which the recommendations were made , including establishing a West German state . The main problem of these recommendations was that they did not provide all-German solution , but only a West German state . The Frankfurt documents formed a working basis for the work on the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany . They were created at the London 6-Power Conference in early 1948 . The handover took place in the IG Farben Building in Frankfurt am Main , and the documents took the name of this town . The military governors Lucius D. Clay ( United States ) , Marie-Pierre Koenig ( France ) and Sir Brian Robertson ( UK ) issued an order establishing a western German state . Present were Peter Altmeier ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) , Karl Arnold ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) , Lawrence Bock ( Württemberg-Hohenzollern ) , Max Brauer ( Hamburg ) , Hans Ehard ( Bavaria ) , Wilhelm Kaisen ( Bremen ) , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf ( Lower Saxony ) , Hermann Lüdemann ( Schleswig-Holstein ) , Reinhold Maier ( Württemberg-Baden ) , Christian Stock ( Hessen ) and Leo Wohleb ( Baden ) . A West German state was to be established under the following conditions : There should be a constitutional convention ( German : Verfassunggebende Versammlung , literally , `` Constituent Assembly '' ) before September 1 , 1948 , to draft a constitution shaping a federal form of government , while maintaining the rights of people and the participating states . This constitution should first be approved by the military governments , then a referendum in the countries to ratify the Constitution . The respective simple majority in two thirds of eleven West German states should be sufficient for ratification . Constitutional amendments must be approved by the military governors . The German foreign policy should continue to be controlled by the military governors in a minimum , as Ruhr questions , repairs , industrial and rights of the Allied forces . The boundaries of each state should be reviewed and it should , if necessary , taking into account of traditional forms of new countries are created , none compared to the other should be too large or too small . The Frankfurt Documents prompted the Prime Minister to hold Rittersturz Conference in Koblenz , on the resolutions that were passed . Category : Political history of Germany Category : Political conferences", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bed222125a1ee79612450c77878da7c", "text": "German federal election, 1928 Federal elections were held in Germany on 20 May 1928 . The Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) remained the largest party in the Reichstag after winning 153 of the 491 seats . Voter turnout was 75.6 % . The only two parties to gain significantly were the SPD , who polled almost a third of votes , and the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) , completing a thorough victory of the left wing . However , although the SPD now had 153 seats , it still failed to gain a clear majority , resulting in another coalition government led by Hermann Müller . Following his appointment , Müller , who had already been Germany 's Chancellor for 4 months in 1920 , created a grand coalition of members of the SPD , the German Democratic Party , the Centre Party and the German People 's Party . The coalition was plagued by internal divisions right from the beginning , with each party more concerned with their self-interest than the interest of the government and eventually Müller asked President Paul von Hindenburg for emergency powers . When Hindenburg refused , Müller resigned , marking the end of the ` last genuinely democratic government of the Weimar Republic ' on 27 March 1930 . The recently-reformed Nazi Party contested the elections after the ban on the party was lifted in 1925 . However , the party received less than 3 % of the vote and won just 12 seats in the Reichstag . Adolf Hitler , who had been incarcerated in Landsberg prison for his involvement in the Beer Hall Putsch until Christmas 1924 , had concentrated on re-establishing himself as the leader of the Nazi Party following his release rather than on the party 's electability .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018dbcfea7e664482df3b8e7c00f2f93", "text": "Right-wing politics Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable , natural , normal , or desirable , typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law , economics or tradition . Hierarchy and inequality may be viewed as natural results of traditional social differences or the competition in market economies . The term right-wing can generally refer to `` the conservative or reactionary section of a political party or system . '' The political terms Right and Left were first used during the French Revolution ( 1789 -- 99 ) , and referred to seating arrangements in the French parliament ; those who sat to the right of the chair of the parliamentary president were broadly supportive of the institutions of the monarchist Ancien Régime . The original Right in France was formed as a reaction against the Left , and comprised those politicians supporting hierarchy , tradition , and clericalism . The use of the expression la droite ( the right ) became prominent in France after the restoration of the monarchy in 1815 , when it was applied to the Ultra-royalists . The people of English-speaking countries did not apply the terms `` right '' and `` left '' to their own politics until the 20th century . Although the right-wing originated with traditional conservatives , monarchists and reactionaries , the term extreme right-wing has also been applied to movements including fascists , Nazis , and racial supremacists . From the 1830s to the 1880s , there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy , moving away from nobility and aristocracy towards capitalism . This general economic shift toward capitalism affected centre right movements such as the British Conservative Party , which responded by becoming supportive of capitalism . In the United States , the Right includes both economic and social conservatives . In Europe , economic conservatives are usually considered liberal , and the Right includes nationalists , nativist opposition to immigration , religious conservatives , and historically a significant presence of right-wing movements with anti-capitalist sentiments including conservatives and fascists who opposed what they saw as the selfishness and excessive materialism inherent in contemporary capitalism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7a14ba26dae20db26037c88ea1092a2", "text": "German Völkisch Freedom Party The German Völkisch Freedom Party ( Deutschvölkische Freiheitspartei , or DVFP ) was a right-wing and anti-Jewish political party of Weimar Germany that took its name from the Völkisch movement , a populist movement focused on folklore and the German Volk . The DVFP was founded on December 16 , 1922 , when Wilhelm Henning , Reinhold Wulle and Albrecht von Graefe broke from the German National People 's Party ( DNVP ) . Leading right-wing figures such as Ernst Graf zu Reventlow , Artur Dinter and Theodor Fritsch joined the party on its foundation . Many members of the Deutschvölkischer Schutz und Trutzbund joined the DVFP after the former was banned . After the Nazi Party was banned in 1924 , the DVFP merged with many Nazis to form the National Socialist Freedom Movement , a move endorsed by Erich Ludendorff and encouraged by Graefe , who hoped to gain control of the far right as a whole . However this alliance was not a success and thus Graefe and Wulle reformed the DVFP as a rival to the Nazi Party in 1925 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8992ff9b2c9cc1c628a6b1447404e41", "text": "German resistance to Nazism German resistance to Nazism ( German : Widerstand ) was the opposition by individuals and groups in Germany to the National Socialist regime between 1933 and 1945 . Some of these engaged in active plans to remove Adolf Hitler from power and overthrow his regime . The term German resistance should not be understood as meaning that there was a united resistance movement in Germany at any time during the Nazi period , analogous to the more coordinated Polish Underground State , Greek Resistance , Yugoslav Partisans , French Resistance , Dutch Resistance , Norwegian resistance movement and Italian Resistance . The German resistance consisted of small and usually isolated groups . They were unable to mobilize political opposition . Save for individual attacks on Nazis ( including Hitler ) or sabotage acts , the only real strategy was to persuade leaders of the Wehrmacht to stage a coup against the regime : the 1944 assassination attempt against Hitler was intended to trigger such a coup . Approximately 77,000 German citizens were killed for one or another form of resistance by Special Courts , courts-martial , People 's Court and the civil justice system . Many of these Germans had served in government , the military , or in civil positions , which enabled them to engage in subversion and conspiracy ; in addition the Canadian historian Peter Hoffman counts unspecified `` tens of thousands '' in concentration camps who were either suspected or actually engaged in opposition . By contrast , the German historian Hans Mommsen wrote that resistance in Germany was `` resistance without the people '' and that the number of those Germans engaged in resistance to the Nazi regime was very small . The resistance in Germany included German citizens of non-German ethnicity , such as members of the Polish minority who formed resistance groups like Olimp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7556b50747b1b3633015d2549868c999", "text": "Freies Volk Freies Volk ( ` Free People ' ) was a newspaper published daily from Düsseldorf , West Germany 1949-1956 . Freies Volk was printed at Freier Verlag GmbH , Ackerstrasse 114 . The first issue of Freies Volk was published on January 3 , 1949 . Freies Volk replaced Die Freiheit , an organ of the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) in Düsseldorf that had been banned in October 1948 , following sharp criticisms against the Allied occupation powers . Freies Volk carried the by-line ` People 's Newspaper for the Rhine-Westphalian Industrial Region ' . On September 1 , 1949 Freies Volk became the central organ of the Communist Party . At the time it had a circulation of 80,000 . Hugo Erlich was named as the editor in chief of Freies Volk . Publication of Freies Volk was suspended by the Allied occupation authorities in August 1950 , following the article `` Now It 's Tanks and Poison Gas instead of Cigarettes \| Bonn as Go-Between in US Arms Trade '' . Publication of the newspaper was resumed in November 1950 . In 1951 Franz Ahrens became the editor in chief of Freies Volk . In mid-1954 Fritz Bäsel was appointed editor in chief of the newspaper . Soon thereafter he was replaced by Max Schäfer , a key ideologue of the party . Schäfer remained in that post until the party was banned . By 1955 the daily circulation had decreased to 48,000 . After the ban of the Communist Party on August 17 , 1956 , Freies Volk continued publication as an illegal weekly organ of the now underground party . As of 1970 Freies Volk was still being published , albeit irregularly and being edited and printed outside of West Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f6cc544bd2d7ee9406a7b91087f27c8", "text": "The Republicans (Germany) The Republicans ( Die Republikaner , REP ) is a national conservative political party in Germany . The primary plank of the program is opposition to immigration . The party tends to attract protest voters who think that the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria ( CSU ) are not sufficiently conservative . It was founded in 1983 by former CSU members Franz Handlos and Ekkehard Voigt , and Franz Schönhuber was the party 's leader from 1985 to 1994 . The party has since been led by Rolf Schlierer . The Republicans had seats in the European Parliament in the 1980s , and in the parliament of the German state of Baden-Württemberg until 2001 . The German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution between 1992 and 2006 said that the Republicans were a `` party with partially extreme-right tendencies '' although the Republican leadership did rebuff an electoral alliance with more openly extreme-right parties such as the National Democratic Party of Germany , losing members to these more successful parties . The Republicans ' strongholds tended to be in relatively affluent South Germany rather than the more economically depressed Eastern Germany where the more radical right-wing parties tended to do well . In the 2013 federal elections , the Republicans received 0.2 percent of the total national vote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfa05c0fd59b40a477a1c73705a5838", "text": "German Party (1947) The German Party ( Deutsche Partei , DP ) was a Conservative political party in West Germany during the post-war years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdcbffce2b4140a744874cfafe1553fe", "text": "Georg Escherich Georg Escherich ( born 4 January 1870 in Schwandorf - died 26 August 1941 in Munich ) was a German politician , representative of the Bavarian People 's Party . By profession he was a forester . In 1919 he became head of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehren , anti-communist home guard groups set up by General Ludwig Maercker . The following year Escherich organised his supporters into the ` Orgesch ' ( from ` Organisation Escherich ) , an anti-Semitic paramilitary group . This new group quickly established links with the Heimwehr in Austria and gave weapons to the units commanded by Richard Steidle and Walter Pfrimer . Escherich was a close ally of Rudolf Kanzler , the leader of ` Orka ' , who was also close to the Heimwehr . The Orgesch was disarmed and disbanded on the orders of the Allies in 1921 as part of wider moves against the private armies that had sprouted up in Germany since the armistice . He returned in 1928 by founding a Bavarian Heimatschutz , a name also used by the Styrian Heimwehr of his ally Pfrimer , although this group was less significant due to the growth on the right of militia such as the Sturmabteilung and the Stahlhelm , Bund der Frontsoldaten , and was disbanded in 1933 when Adolf Hitler took power .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e9217881dd217df8a3c02997a3e1b4", "text": "Burgfriedenspolitik Burgfriedenspolitik ( -LSB- ˈbʊʁkfʁiːdn̩s.poliˌtiːk -RSB- ) -- literally `` castle peace politics '' but more accurately a political policy of `` party truce '' -- is a German term used for the political truce the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the other political parties agreed to during World War I . The trade unions refrained from striking , the SPD voted for war credits in the Reichstag and the parties agreed not to criticize the government and its war . There were several reasons for the Burgfrieden politics : the Social Democrats believed it was their patriotic duty to support the government in war ; they were afraid of government repression should they protest against the war ; they feared living under an autocratic Russian Czar more than the German constitutional monarchy and its Kaiser ; and they hoped to achieve political reforms after the war , including the abrogation of the inequitable three-class voting system , by cooperating with the government . The only member of parliament of any party to vote against war credits in the second session was Karl Liebknecht . In the third session on 20 March 1915 , Otto Rühle joined him . Over the course of the war the number of SPD politicians opposed to the war steadily increased . Their resistance against the Burgfrieden politics led to the expulsion of Liebknecht , Rosa Luxemburg , Clara Zetkin , and others from the SPD . These went on to found the Spartacist League , the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany ( USPD ) , and the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) . The only trade union to refuse the Burgfrieden was the Free Association of German Trade Unions ( FVdG ) , which would later become the Free Workers ' Union of Germany ( FAUD ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdfe296ded34c54e8d7303aac7fbfca1", "text": "Memel Agricultural Party Memel Agricultural Party or MLP ( Memelländische Landwirtschaftspartei ) was the largest and most influential pro-German political party in the Klaipėda Region ( Memel Territory ) from 1925 to 1934 . Leaders of the party were Heinrich Conrad , Konrad von Dressler and James Gubba . Together with the Memel People 's Party , the party was established on June 13 , 1925 , by the Memel Cultural Union ( Memelländischer Kultubund ) in preparation for the first elections to the local county councils and the Parliament of the Klaipėda Region . The party represented farmers , war veterans , fishermen , and some clerks . It published Memel Rundschau , Lietuviška ceitunga , Memeler Dampfboot and controlled several agricultural and credit institutions , including Agraria , Landschaftsbank , Vereinsbank , and Raiffeisenbank . MLP was able to offer discounts to its members and thus gained significant influence in the region . In May 1926 , the party won three seats ( out of 85 ) in the Third Seimas of Lithuania ( August Mielbrecht , Johann Schuischel and Georg Waschkies ) . After the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in 1933 , MLP became increasingly right-wing and encouraged its members to join the pro-Nazi Socialist National Community ( Sozialistische Volksgemeinschaft or SOVOG ) . For their anti-Lithuanian activities SOVOG and MLP were outlawed in 1934 . Some of MLP members were arrested and tried in the Neumann -- Sass case . The party ceased its activities ; its former members ran in later elections under the unified German list ( Memelländische Einheitsliste in 1935 and Memeldeutsche Einheitsliste in 1938 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ea0b155ad456aa931d5fd92fbc5f127", "text": "Free Society of Teutonia The Free Society of Teutonia was one of the earliest National Socialist organizations to appear in America . It was a German American organization that was associated with a strong support for Nazism . The Society was formed in 1924 by four German immigrants , including Nazi Party members Fritz and Peter Gissibl and their brother Andrew . The organization was originally led by German immigrant and non-citizen Fritz Gissibl , who made his headquarters in Chicago and from there it set about recruiting ethnic Germans who supported German nationalist aims . The Teutonia Society initially functioned as a club , but soon raised a group of militants based on the SA and , with membership increasing , became vocal critics of Jews , communism and the Treaty of Versailles . Alongside this however it retained a social function , with Teutonia Society meetings frequently ending up in heavy beer drinking sessions . The group changed its name to the Nationalistic Society of Teutonia in 1926 , at which point Peter Gissibil was advising members to also seek Nazi Party membership . The group gained a strong , if fairly small following , and was able to establish units in Milwaukee , St. Louis , Missouri , Detroit , New York City , Cincinnati and Newark , New Jersey The group 's treasurer was Fritz Gissibil , who was also the main Nazi Party representative in the United States and who regularly collected money for the Nazis through the Society . A `` thank you '' letter from Adolf Hitler to the Society would cause a stir during the Second World War when the Gissibil brothers were brought to trial following an FBI investigation . The group accepted Hitler as its titular leader and members adopted the Nazi salute , the Society changed its name again in October 1932 to become the Friends of the Hitler Movement . Under orders of German immigrant and German Nazi Party member Heinz Spanknöbel , the Society was dissolved in March 1933 . In May 1933 , Nazi Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess gave Heinz Spanknöbel authority to form an American Nazi organization . Shortly thereafter , with help from the German consul in New York City , Spanknöbel created the Friends of New Germany by merging two older organizations in the United States , Gau-USA and the Free Society of Teutonia , which were both small groups with only a few hundred members each . The Friends of New Germany in turn formed the basis of the German American Bund in 1936 , the latter name being chosen to emphasise the group 's American credentials after press criticism that the Society was unpatriotic . One of the leaders of the Teutonia Society was Walter Kappe . Kappe ( b. 1904 ) arrived in the United States in 1925 and worked in a farm implement factory in Kankakee , Illinois . Later he moved to Chicago and began to write for German language newspapers . Kappe was fluent in English and later became the press secretary for the German American Bund . He founded their paper Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter and its predecessor Deutsche Zeitung . In 1936 , when the German American Bund was established , Kappe organized the AV Publishing Company and five other Bund corporations . Fritz Kuhn ousted Kappe from his position in the Bund seeing him as a dangerous rival . In 1937 , Kappe returned to Germany , where he was attached to Abwehr II ( the sabotage branch of German intelligence ) where he obtained a Naval commission with the rank of lieutenant . He was designated by Adolf Hitler to launch a sabotage operation against America shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor . Known as Operation Pastorius , Kappe recruited men for the mission by reviewing records from the Ausland Institute ( German Foreign Institute ) of those who were paid to return to Germany from America . He established a sabotage school on the outskirts of Berlin to train the new recruits . Once the sabotage network was established and transferred to America , Kappe planned to slip into the US with a new identity and direct operations . On June 13 , 1942 , Richard Quirin , George John Dasch , Heinrich Harm Heinck and Ernst Peter Burger landed on a beach near Amagansett , Long Island , New York on a U-boat . A similar group landed on Ponte Vedra Beach , near Jacksonville , Florida on June 17 , 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2c7caa8b493d81943681233db24428a", "text": "Franz Ritter von Epp Franz Xaver Ritter von Epp , from 1916 Ritter von Epp , ( 16 October 1868 -- 31 January 1947 ) Epp 's death date is often erroneously given as 31 December 1946 . According to Lilla , Staatsminister , this error was replicated from the widely cited Neue Deutsche Biographie . The correct date , 31 January 1947 , is confirmed by Epp 's death certificate in the civil registry of Munich . was a German general and politician , who had started his military career in the Bavarian Army . Succeeded and merited military service during war brought him a knighthood in 1916 . After the armistice of Germany and dissolution of Empire , von Epp was a commanding officer in Freikorps and Reichswehr . He was member of Bavarian People 's Party before joining with Nazi Party in 1928 , when he got elected as a member of German parliament , Reichstag , to the position he held until the end of Third Reich . He acted as Reichskommissar , later Reichsstatthalter , for Bavaria in 1933 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "472bdc0af1e76a52909ffa2533d99e27", "text": "Alfred Hugenberg Alfred Ernst Christian Alexander Hugenberg ( 19 June 1865 -- 12 March 1951 ) was an influential German businessman and politician . A leading figure in nationalist politics in Germany for the first few decades of the twentieth century , he became the country 's leading media proprietor during the inter-war period . As leader of the German National People 's Party he was instrumental in helping Adolf Hitler become Chancellor of Germany and served in his first cabinet in 1933 , hoping to control Hitler and use him as his `` tool . '' Those plans backfired , and by the end of 1933 Hugenberg had been pushed to the sidelines . Although Hugenberg continued to serve as a `` guest '' member of the Reichstag until 1945 , he wielded no political influence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b09399687f2132817dd962c485a79fa", "text": "National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden) Nationalsocialistiska Arbetarpartiet ( National Socialist Workers ' Party ) was a Swedish political party which initially espoused Nazism before adopting a more indigenous form of Fascism . The party was formed in 1933 by Sven Olof Lindholm after he split from the Swedish National Socialist Party , following a series of clashes over policy and personality . The party initially acted as a simple mirror of the National Socialist German Workers Party , with the party newspaper Den Svenske Nationalsocialisten repeating what was being said in Nazi Germany and the Nordisk Ungdom ( Nordic Youth ) group serving as a replica of the Hitler Youth ( albeit on a smaller scale ) . The swastika was also initially used as the party emblem . The NSAP did differ from the German model from the beginning however , as they placed strong emphasis on the anti-capitalist nature of their rhetoric . The party 's emphasis on the socialism of their Nazism led many to label them Strasserite , although they avoided the direct criticism of Adolf Hitler that was forming the bulk of the writings of Otto Strasser by the mid-1930s . The party continued to move away from the Hitler model and largely abandoned their ties to Germany in favour of a more Swedish model . In 1938 they stopped using the swastika and replaced it with Vasakärven ( the Vasa sheaf ) , an old Swedish emblem used by King Gustav II Adolf . By the end of the year the party had changed its name to Svensk Socialistisk Samling ( Swedish Socialist Unity ) and had largely dropped all but passing reference to the Nazis . Nonetheless the party declined dramatically during the Second World War and was formally dissolved in 1950 . In 1943 , the party 's national congress in Uppsala caused the Easter Riots to break out . During the war its most notable member was later IKEA founder Ingvar Kamprad . The party was one of the earliest to claim that no Holocaust happened , as soon as in May 1945 in Den Svenske Folksocialisten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5aa4f44df1af4739c5e54e295200064", "text": "Conservative People's Party (Germany) The Conservative People 's Party ( Konservative Volkspartei , KVP ) was a short-lived German political party of the moderate right . It broke away from the German National People 's Party ( DNVP ) in the late 1920s as a result of that party 's increasing radicalization under the leadership of Alfred Hugenberg . Its leading figures were Kuno von Westarp , Hugenberg 's predecessor as chairman of the DNVP , and Gottfried Treviranus , who would serve in the cabinet of Heinrich Brüning from 1930 to 1932 . It was unable to make any significant breakthrough in the subsequent elections . The party did not take part in the 1932 parliamentary elections ( 1930 : 0.8 % ) and ceased to be politically active before the NSDAP outlawed all other parties in Germany and established a dictatorship .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1ca49fa36e9538d46b28d80b86f33595	Beginning in 1963 and continuing until 1965, Singapore was a component of Malaysia.	[ { "docid": "0ed42191afb8b970ea5bac0417a4a21b", "text": "Singapore Singapore ( -LSB- ˈsɪŋgəpɔr -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Singapore , sometimes referred to as the Lion City , the Garden City or the Little Red Dot , is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia . It lies one degree ( 137 km ) north of the equator , at the southern tip of peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia 's Riau Islands to the south . Singapore 's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets . Since independence , extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23 % ( 130 km2 ) , and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora , parks and gardens . Stamford Raffles founded colonial Singapore in 1819 as a trading post of the East India Company ; after its collapse and the eventual establishment of the British Raj , the islands were ceded to Britain and became part of its Straits Settlements in 1826 . During the Second World War , Singapore was occupied by Japan . It gained independence from the UK in 1963 by federating with other former British territories to form Malaysia , but separated two years later over ideological differences , becoming a sovereign nation in 1965 . After early years of turbulence , and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland , the nation developed rapidly as an Asian Tiger economy , based on external trade and its workforce . Singapore is a global commerce , finance and transport hub . Its standings include : the most `` technology-ready '' nation ( WEF ) , top International-meetings city ( UIA ) , city with `` best investment potential '' ( BERI ) , second-most competitive country , third-largest foreign exchange market , third-largest financial centre , third-largest oil refining and trading centre , and the second-busiest container port . The country has also been identified as a tax haven . Singapore ranks 5th on the UN Human Development Index and the 3rd highest GDP per capita . It is ranked highly in education , healthcare , life expectancy , quality of life , personal safety , and housing . Although income inequality is high , 90 % of homes are owner-occupied . 38 % of Singapore 's 5.6 million residents are permanent residents and other foreign nationals . There are four official languages : English ( common and first language ) , Malay , Mandarin , Tamil ; almost all Singaporeans are bilingual . Singapore is a unitary multiparty parliamentary republic , with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government . The People 's Action Party has won every election since self-government in 1959 . The dominance of the PAP , coupled with a low level of press freedom and restrictions on civil liberties and political rights , has led to Singapore being classified by some as a semi-authoritarian regime . One of the five founding members of the ASEAN , Singapore is also the host of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) Secretariat , and a member of the East Asia Summit , Non-Aligned Movement , and the Commonwealth of Nations .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "22825180f3797009fd3cf6178ab51fd2", "text": "List of Malaysian stamps Formerly called the Federation of Malaya until 1963 , Malaysia became started to issue stamps under the current name starting in 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "437c5cc1631a15aa6be18c6b88b28357", "text": "Singaporean general election, 1968 General elections were held in Singapore on 19 April 1968 , the first as an independent state following the island 's expulsion from Malaysia . The elections were boycotted by all opposition parties except the Workers Party , which only contested two constituencies . With five independents also running , only seven seats were contested , resulting in People 's Action Party ( PAP ) candidates returned unopposed in the other 51 seats , meaning the party had won the elections before voting took place . Although the total electorate was 759,367 , only 84,883 voters lived in contested seats ; Farrer Park , Geylang Serai , Jalan Kayu , Kampong Ubi , Moulmein , Nee Soon and Tanjong Pagar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8d2c4ebcbcf25796f42e5f541e7be2", "text": "Port of Singapore The Port of Singapore refers to the collective facilities and terminals that conduct maritime trade handling functions in harbours and which handle Singapore 's shipping . Currently the world 's second-busiest port in terms of total shipping tonnage , it also trans-ships a fifth of the world 's shipping containers , half of the world 's annual supply of crude oil , and is the world 's busiest transshipment port . It was also the busiest port in terms of total cargo tonnage handled until 2005 , when it was surpassed by the Port of Shanghai . Thousands of ships drop anchor in the harbour , connecting the port to over 600 other ports in 123 countries and spread over six continents . The Port of Singapore is not a mere economic boon , but an economic necessity because Singapore is lacking in land and natural resources . The Port is critical for importing natural resources , and then later re-exporting products after they have been refined and shaped in some manner , for example wafer fabrication or oil refining to generate revenue . The service industries such as hospitality services typical of a port of call restock the food and water supplies on ships . Ships pass between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean through the Singapore Strait . The Straits of Johor on the country 's north are impassable for ships due to the Johor-Singapore Causeway , built in 1923 , which links the city of Woodlands , Singapore to Johor Bahru in Malaysia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfcccd9333729dcb7f0553f9756e096f", "text": "Mexico–Singapore relations The United Mexican States and the Republic of Singapore have had diplomatic and other bilateral relations since 1975 . Current annual trade between the two countries totals over 3 billion dollars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9524f43cb16b7eebb0da1da88e6fa80", "text": "1997 in Malaysia 1997 in Malaysia is the 40th anniversary of Malaysia 's independence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65b3c93e04e93f5555c9923780217bc7", "text": "1960 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference The 1960 Commonwealth Prime Ministers ' Conference was the tenth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations . It was held in the United Kingdom in May 1960 , and was hosted by that country 's Prime Minister , Harold Macmillan . This was the first Commonwealth conference since Malayan independence in August 1957 and saw the growing importance of the non-white `` New Commonwealth '' countries . Malaya 's prime minister , Tunku Abdul Rahman and his government vigorously opposed the apartheid policies of South Africa and , with the support of Pakistan , India and Ghana , demanded that the issue be addressed by the Commonwealth . However , Macmillan insisted that the final communique could only include matters on which the leaders were unanimous . Ghana advised the meeting that it would be becoming a republic and South Africa advised that it would be holding a referendum on the issue . Ghana was advised that its continued membership in the Commonwealth as a republic was recognised , however , South Africa was advised that it would need to seek consent of other Commonwealth governments for its membership to continue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af91e591f0cb301ee71c5e98f2345edf", "text": "Sunda Straits Crisis The Sunda Straits Crisis was a two-week confrontation between the United Kingdom and Indonesia over the passage of the Illustrious-class aircraft carrier HMS Victorious through the Sunda Strait , a major waterway separating the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra , occurring between August and September 1964 . The incident was part of the larger Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation , an armed conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia ( with the military support of Britain ) over the formation of the latter as an independent state . On 27 August 1964 , the British aircraft carrier HMS Victorious and her two destroyer escorts sailed through the Sunda Strait , an international waterway claimed by Indonesia , en route for Australia . Upset by the casual warning the British had given of the ships ' impending passage through the Strait ( a telephone call made two days before ) , the lack of mention of the carrier in the warning , and wary of the possibility that the British were attempting to provoke them into a violent response , the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs decided two days later to attempt to bar the warships from making the return journey to Singapore , scheduled for the middle of September . Infuriated by what was perceived as yet another affront to British prestige after the recent landings at Pontian and Labis by Indonesian volunteers in southwestern Malaysia , members of the British Cabinet , particularly Peter Thorneycroft and Louis Mountbatten , favoured sending the carrier back through the Strait in spite of the Indonesian ban . Though British naval commanders in the Far East had grave concerns that the Victorious would be indefensible while in passage , the prevailing opinion was that not to send the ship would result in an immense political defeat on both a domestic and international scale as well as the loss of rights to an important waterway . Tension mounted as the British and Indonesians each refused to bend , and as the carrier 's time to sail came , war became extremely likely . However , the Indonesians offered on 10 September a way out : an alternative route through the Lombok Strait . The British took them up on this offer , to the relief of both parties , and the Victorious made a peaceful return through Indonesian territory . War was averted , and the climax of tensions during the Confrontation had been passed . Never again was the threat of all-out war a realistic possibility , despite some large land battles in northern Borneo the following spring , and the Confrontation wound down by late fall of 1965 without ever escalating into a major conflict , with a peace deal signed the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d8a7b0aacbffb220547ceb97cb2ebdf", "text": "Poverty in Malaysia Poverty in Malaysia is a controversial economic issue . The definition of poverty and the poverty line for Malaysians has been disputed , and government policies to address poverty such as the Malaysian New Economic Policy have been met with political protest . Malaysia 's total population is 31 million as of 2015 , of which 0.6 % live below the national poverty line . Malaysia has grown rapidly in terms of economic development . An indicator is that in 2014 , 65.6 % of the population aged 15 years and above were employed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e87afe459e21f246c1d29adf6365afde", "text": "Tengku Abdul Rahman Tengku Abdul Rahman may refer to : Tengku Abdul Rahman ( Sultan of Johor ) , Sultan of Johor when Singapore was founded in 1819 Tuanku Abdul Rahman , first Yang di-Pertuan Agong , the Malaysian king and the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan Tunku Abdul Rahman , first prime minister of Malaysia , prime minister of Federation of Malaya and also president of UMNO Tunku Abdul Rahman ( born 1935 ) , younger brother of Sultan Iskandar of Johor , who also served as crown prince of Johor from 1961 to 1981 Tunku Abdul Rahman Hassanal Jeffri , 4th son of the Sultan of Johor , Sultan Ibrahim Ismail", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07935c6b4643dd602ecec51d2071ec0f", "text": "Sri Temasek Sri Temasek is a two-storey detached house built in 1869 which is sited within the grounds of the Istana in Singapore . During the island 's colonial era , it served as the residence of the Colonial Secretary or Chief Secretary . Since the establishment of the State of Singapore in 1959 , it has been the official residence of the Prime Minister of Singapore , though none of Singapore 's Prime Ministers has ever lived there . Together with the Istana , it was gazetted a national monument on 14 February 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "814021b90e9033a42fa71f58464d5fcd", "text": "Treaty of London 1956 The Treaty of London 1956 was signed to set up the independent Federation of Malaya , which achieved its independence on 31 August 1957 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bf10c2a3fb0e917a4c847891fd1d109", "text": "Ultra (Malaysia) During the 1960s in Malaysia and Singapore , some racial extremists were referred to as `` ultras '' . The phrase was most commonly used by the first Prime Minister of Singapore , Lee Kuan Yew , and other leaders of his political party , the People 's Action Party ( PAP ) , to refer to Malay extremists . However , it was also used by some members of the United Malays National Organisation ( UMNO ) -- the leader of the Alliance coalition governing Malaysia -- to refer to Lee instead , as Lee was perceived to be a Chinese chauvinist himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8330068abb3f81b309a62b0256c0c98d", "text": "Malaysian local elections, 1963 The local elections were held in Malaysia in 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84c8a78201503bb8611d5d75801b4bda", "text": "Warna 94.2FM Warna 94.2 FM is a Malay language contemporary music radio station operated by Mediacorp . The station plays a unique blend of international Malay top 40 music from 1950s and beyond , and provides Islamic General Service for Singapore . It is one of the nation 's oldest stations , having began operating out of Singapore with the independence of Malaya on 31 August 1957 as RTS Radio 2 . The branding stuck even as the network the station was in changed names several times until 23 November 1991 where the station gained its current name as Warna ( Malay : `` Colour '' ) . It is currently Singapore 's # 1 Malay Radio Station according to the latest Nielsen Radio Survey as of 1 December 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1327fe93826c5aafc9d603d098641378", "text": "Chief Secretary, Singapore The Chief Secretary , Singapore , known as the Colonial Secretary , Singapore , before 1955 , and the Colonial Secretary , Straits Settlements , before 1946 , was a high ranking government civil position in colonial Singapore ( the Straits Settlements before 1946 ) between 1867 and 1959 . It was second only to the Governor of Singapore ( formerly the Governor of the Straits Settlements ) in the colonial government . The Straits Settlements , which mainly comprised Singapore , Penang and Malacca , became a crown colony in 1867 . The position of the Colonial Secretary ( CS ) was subsequently created with a view to replacing the Resident Councillor in Singapore . During the Second World War , the position was vacant and suspended following the downfall of the Malay Peninsula into the hands of the Japanese invaders . In 1946 , Singapore parted from Penang and Malacca , forming itself into a crown colony , so the jurisdiction of CS was reduced to Singapore only . The name `` Colonial Secretary '' was later changed to `` Chief Secretary '' in 1955 when the crown colony adopted the Rendel Constitution . Having been in existence for 92 years , the position was abolished in 1959 with the complete introduction of internal self-rule for Singapore . Being the head of the CS 's Office , the CS was an ex-officio member of both the Executive and Legislative Councils , and at the same time the head of the Colonial Secretariat from 1867 to 1955 . When Singapore adopted its new constitution in 1955 , although the Colonial Secretariat was abolished , the CS remained an ex-officio member of the Council of Ministers and the Legislative Assembly . The workplace of CS was located at Empress Place Building while Sri Temasek , which was next to the Government House ( Istana ) , was the official residence of the CS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30877e8ad0bfe26fd052365e357f3bcf", "text": "North Borneo dispute The North Borneo dispute is the territorial dispute between the Federation of Malaysia and the Republic of the Philippines over much of the eastern part of the state of Sabah , a territory known as North Borneo prior to the formation of the Malaysian federation . The Philippines , presenting itself as the successor state of the Sultanate of Sulu , retains a `` dormant claim '' on Sabah on the basis that the territory was only leased to the British North Borneo Company in 1878 , with the sovereignty of the Sultanate ( and subsequently the Republic ) over the territory never having been relinquished . However , Malaysia considers this dispute as a `` non-issue '' as it interprets the 1878 agreement as that of cession and that it deems that the residents of Sabah had exercised their right to self-determination when they joined to form the Malaysian federation in 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06550394254dd0e10df4e5a892237bc1", "text": "Chief Ministers in Malaysia In Malaysia , the Menteri Besar ( Jawi : منتري بسر ; literally `` First Minister '' ) is the head of government of each of nine states in Malaysia with hereditary rulers . For four states without a monarch , the title Chief Minister ( Ketua Menteri ) is used . The title ` Menteri Besar ' is usually untranslated in the English media in Malaysia , but is typically translated as ` Chief Minister ' by foreign media . According to protocol , all Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers are styled Yang Amat Berhormat ( abbreviated YAB ) , which means `` The Most Honourable '' . The nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states and the appointed governors of the other four states serve as constitutional and ceremonial heads of their states , with the state executive authority rests with the Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers . Following elections to the state legislative assembly , the Ruler or Governor usually invites the party ( or coalition ) with a majority of seats to form the state government . The Ruler or Governor appoints and swears in the Menteris Besar or Chief Ministers , whose executive council ( except Sabah and Sarawak which known as Cabinet ) are collectively responsible to the assembly . Based on the Westminster system , given that he retains the confidence of the assembly , the Menteri 's Besar or Chief Minister 's term can last for the length of the assembly 's life -- a maximum of five years . There are no limits to the number of terms that the Menteri Besar or Chief Minister can serve .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "833dd2dc00f9a6c25e0426fe51323582", "text": "Geography of Singapore Singapore is a small , heavily urbanised , island city-state in Southeast Asia , located at the end of the Malayan Peninsula between Malaysia and Indonesia . Singapore has a total land area of 719.1 km2 . The Singapore area comprises mainland and other islands . The mainland of Singapore measures 50 km from east to west and 27 km from north to south with 193 km of coastline . These figures are based on 2.515 m High Water Mark cadastral survey boundaries . Singapore is separated from Indonesia by the Singapore Strait and from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48a3e72ebe93d0956bdcca0695ce661a", "text": "The Making of Malaysia The Making of Malaysia : Britain , the ` Grand Design ' , Decolonisation and Malaysia is a 2005 book by Professor Anthony John Stockwell which examines the British end of empire policy relating to the decolonization of North Borneo , Sarawak , Brunei and Singapore on the way to the formation of the new federation of Malaysia during the 1960s . Stockwell draws on an analysis of government and personal documents from the period in order to reveal the complex negotiations and rivalries involved in the transition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8c79043e0e6a4e63b6652467a05fcbb", "text": "Kuala Terengganu Kuala Terengganu ( -LSB- ˈkuˈala ˈtəˈrengˈganu -RSB- Jawi : , ) , often abbreviated as K.T. , is the administrative capital , royal capital and the main economic centre of Terengganu , Malaysia . Kuala Terengganu is also the administrative centre for the eponymous district of Kuala Terengganu . Kuala Terengganu is located about 440 kilometres northeast of Kuala Lumpur on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . The city is situated at the estuary of Terengganu River , facing the South China Sea . As a district , Kuala Terengganu is the smallest in terms of area , but it ( together with the district of Kuala Nerus that form the city area ) has the largest population in Terengganu with a population of 406,317 in 2010 . City status was awarded to Kuala Terengganu with the title Bandaraya Warisan Pesisir Air ( English : Coastal Heritage City ) on 1 January 2008 . Besides being a major political and economic centre to the state , the city is also the main gateway to many of the state 's tourist destinations . The attractions in and around the city include Kampung Cina , Pasar Besar Kedai Payang , Terengganu State Museum , and Batu Buruk Beach . Even though the city is not spared from modernity and development , Kuala Terengganu still retains strong Malay influences that are intermixed with other cultures from its long history as a port .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c281af0e8693b405c9a518fe8827482e	Ātman is a word.	[ { "docid": "cb8123c29b43de8231774935eafb9e54", "text": "Ātman (Hinduism) Ātman ( -LSB- ˈɑːtmən -RSB- ) is a Sanskrit word that means inner self or soul . In Hindu philosophy , especially in the Vedanta school of Hinduism , Ātman is the first principle , the true self of an individual beyond identification with phenomena , the essence of an individual . In order to attain liberation ( moksha ) , a human being must acquire self-knowledge ( atma jnana ) , which is to realize that one 's true self ( Ātman ) is identical with the transcendent self Brahman . The six orthodox schools of Hinduism believe that there is Ātman ( soul , self ) in every being , a major point of difference with Buddhism , which does not believe that there is either soul or self .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a1fda66491b106656cd20f568f6c6a36", "text": "Transcendent truth Transcendent truths are those unaffected by time or space . They define the world , but are not defined by the world . An example of a transcendent truth is `` God is good '' , or `` there is no God '' . Either way , how one looks at things contained by time and space is a result of the transcendent truth . One is true ; both can not be true at the same time . World views are made up of transcendent truths , things we believe are true before we question whether or not anything else is true . The Transcendent Truth is the only Truth that is , ultimately , beyond human comprehension and before all concepts . It is beyond reality , and is the Creator of realities , existence , time and all there is , was and is yet to be . It is the Light that sacred texts speak of that illuminates hearts with knowledge from a Source beyond our universe . It is actually the true definition of God . Gandhi once signed a photograph of himself with the text `` God is truth '' . Buddha once said that truth is the saviour from sin . And Christ said to His disciples `` I am the Truth '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0da1b85495ef97419cd7e95f22a1c043", "text": "Bałwan Bałwan pl , balvan / балван sr ( literally wood block ) or balvan ky -- today , literally indistinguishable from everyday word for snowman , is an ancient word common to all Slavic languages , describing a statuesque or monolithic depiction or a pillar or a plinth depicting or erected in honor of a deity . This object was worshipped , or constituted a tangible representation of a cult image . The Western Slavs transcribed and pronounced the word as bałwan ( in American English pronounced : BOW as in the phrase bow-wow and von as in Stratford-Upon-Avon , with the accent on the penultimate ( in this case , the first ) syllable , as is the typical stress ) , which is its contemporary and old Polish lexical manifestation , whereas the Southern Slavs and the Eastern Slavs used the just slightly differently-voweled bołwan ( English pronunciation : BOH-van ) . The word itself has Sanskrit origins , where it figures as bala ( the force ) appended witth the suffix - van signifying possession of an attribute , thus etymologically bałwan means strong , powerful , mighty . In the Kyrgyz language of Central Asia , geographically remote from the territories Slavs are today identified with in Europe , balvan is a `` strongman '' or a hero , whereas in Persian , pahlevān denotes a militant or a veteran , as well as the plinth or boundary marker erected in his or her honor , or even a cairn , and , by extension , a fool . That latter meaning , at first secondary , became primary after Christianity was imposed on the Slavs , making bałwan acquire a distinctly pejorative primary meaning . Some suggest that the Slavs share throughout their idioms such as they have evolved apart this single entity -- a common term for all cult objects in the form of a statue or cairn -- might suggest that idolatry spread early among the Slavic peoples , perhaps when they came in contact with Turkic peoples or Iranian . A word with similar etymology is the Slavic word for God ( when capitalized ) or deity , bóg , a cognate of Sanskrit `` bhaga '' / Iranian or Persian bag . In India the concept of a deity or god is often relayed with the word bhagvan , variously transcribed as bhagwan . A derived term from bałwan is the Slavic word for idolatry : bałwochwalstwo '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e8336007ed7048a3577b217c56592a", "text": "Alakh Niranjan Alakh Niranjan is a term used by Nath Yogis as a synonym for Creator , and to describe the characteristics of God and the Self , known as the Atman . Alakh means `` sightless '' and niranjan means `` spotfree '' . Niranjan is another name of Lord Shiva . Also spelled , `` Alekh '' . The original Sanskrit term Alakhshya means `` one that can not be perceived ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70b7c2afbbbe192c564c6b2505ced594", "text": "ATM Grupa Established in 1992 , ATM Grupa S.A. is the largest independent TV producer in Poland . The company has an approximately 14 percent share of the market estimated to be worth PLN 750m . ATM is the only company in the market with its own technical and logistic base of studios and equipment that enables them to provide of the full range of services related to preparation and production of TV programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73bdd0507ce8efcfe7b4a1823764538d", "text": "Mandukya Upanishad The Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad ( Sanskrit : माण्डूक्य उपनिषद् , ) is the shortest of all the Upanishads , and is assigned to Atharvaveda . It is listed as number 6 in the Muktikā canon of 108 Upanishads . It is in prose , consisting of twelve terse verses , and is associated with a Rig Vedic school of scholars . It discusses the syllable Om , presents the theory of four states of consciousness , asserts the existence and nature of Atman ( Soul , Self ) . The Mandukya Upanishad is notable for having been recommended in the Muktikā Upanishad , through two central characters of the Ramayana , as the one Upanishad that alone is sufficient for knowledge to gain moksha , and as first in its list of eleven principal Upanishads . The text is also notable for inspiring Gaudapada 's Karika , a classic for the Vedanta school of Hinduism . Mandukya Upanishad is among the oft cited texts on chronology and philosophical relationship between Hinduism and Buddhism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867ffe080b916558ae19a956bfea04b3", "text": "World Soul World Soul may refer to : World Soul ( novel ) , a science fiction novel Anima mundi , the `` World Soul '' in various philosophical systems Atman ( disambiguation ) , a `` World Soul '' concept in several Dharmic traditions", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144d4729dbfdf273e08e254111e324bb", "text": "Bhava The Sanskrit word `` bhāva '' means `` emotion , sentiment , state of body or mind , disposition '' , while `` bhava '' means `` being , worldly existence , becoming , birth , be , production , origin '' . The former term is rooted in latter , and in some context also means `` becoming , being , existing , occurring , appearance '' while connoting the condition thereof . In Buddhism , bhava denotes the continuity of becoming ( reincarnating ) in one of the realms of existence , in the samsaric context of rebirth , life and the maturation arising therefrom . It is the tenth of the Twelve Nidanas , in its Pratītyasamutpāda doctrine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f825e7fc2c9561b234a000e723297904", "text": "Siddhar The Siddhar ( Tamil : Cittar from Tamil cittu meaning intellect , singular Cittar ) refers to intellectual people in Tamil language , from ancient Tamilakam , and was written only in Tamil language . A siddha obtains intellectual powers called siddhi by constant practice of certain educational disciplines . Historically , Siddhar also refers to the people who were early age wandering adepts that dominated ancient Tamil teaching and philosophy . They were knowledgeable in science , technology , astronomy , literature , fine arts , music , drama , dance , and provided solutions to common people in their illness and advice for their future . Some of their ideologies are considered to have originated during the First Sangam period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "966261bc9c106796067e2db040009e0b", "text": "Shaucha Shaucha ( Sanskrit : शौच , also spelled Saucha , Śauca ) literally means purity , cleanliness and clearness . It refers to purity of mind , speech and body . Saucha is one of the Niyamas of Yoga . It is discussed in many ancient Indian texts such as the Mahabharata and Patanjali 's Yoga Sutras . It is a virtue in Hinduism and Jainism . Saucha includes outer purity of body as well as inner purity of mind . The concept of Saucha is synonymous with Shuddhi . LePage states that Saucha in yoga is on many levels , and deepens as an understanding and evolution of self increases . Shaucha , or holistic purity of the body , is considered essential for health , happiness and general well-being . External purity is achieved through daily ablutions , while internal purity is cultivated through physical exercises , including asana ( postures ) and pranayama ( breathing techniques ) . Along with daily ablutions to cleanse one 's body , the concept of Shaucha suggests clean surrounding , along with fresh and clean food to purify the body . Lack of Saucha , such as letting toxins build in body are a source of impurity . Shaucha goes beyond purity of body , and includes purity of speech and mind . Anger , hate , prejudice , greed , pride , fear , negative thoughts are a source of impurity of mind . The impurities of the intellect are cleansed through the process of self-examination , or knowledge of self ( Adhyatma-Vidya ) . The mind is purified through mindfulness and meditation on one 's intent , feelings , actions and its causes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bf586ad3489c1ffee8a705ebb7dfd41", "text": "Atharvashikha Upanishad The Atharvashikha Upanishad ( IAST : ) is a Sanskrit text that is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism . It is among the 31 Upanishads associated with the Atharvaveda . It is classified as a Shaiva Upanishad focussed on god Shiva . The text is composed through the voice of the Sage Atharvan , to whom the Atharvaveda is eponymously attributed . The text discusses and equates Om symbol to Shiva as the Supreme Being and Brahman , explaining the spirituality behind its chanting and meditation . It declares Shiva to be higher than Brahma , Vishnu , Rudra and Ishana . The text is also called Atharvashikhopanishad , and is listed at 23 in the Telugu language anthology of 108 Upanishads in Muktika canon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8767fea9028978ec9506bbc561573be1", "text": "Samavasarana In Jainism , Samavasarana or Samosharana `` Refuge to All '' is a term for the divine preaching hall of the Tirthankara . The word samavasarana is derived from two words , sama meaning general and avasara meaning opportunity . A place where all have a common opportunity of acquiring the wisdom . The divine pavilion is built by heavenly beings ( devas ) after the tirthankara attain omniscience ( Kevala Jnana ) . The theme of Samavasaranas has been popular in Jain art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "750082170af4e607c72dabdfe8097b83", "text": "Angustha purusha The Katha Upanishad ( 1.12-13 ) mentions aa puruṣa ( man , being ) of the size of the thumb ( aṅgúṣṭha ) enshrined in the interiors of the heart ( hridaye guhaayaam `` cave of the heart '' ) of a human being . `` The purusha , who is of the size of a thumb , resides in the body . The purusha who is the size of a thumb is a light ( jyoti ) without smoke . '' Certain other Upanishads describe the purusha to be of a golden ( hiranmaya ) hue and the purursha as a golden being ( hiranmaya purusha ) . The purusha is seated inside the cave of the human heart . As per Hindu religious beliefs , the heart is identified as the abode of divinity within the body . In Gita , Lord Krishna enunciated that he stays within heart of each human being . This `` being '' dwelling inside the heart has been equated with the ` jiva ' or the ` self ' which carries the consciousness and a meta-physical body ( prakriti ) , also termed as the karana sharira . The karana sharira has most transcendental existence and accumulates the experiences of the physical , earthly life . This ` jiva ' is a spark of divinity , and its place in the body is the heart region . ( Heart means not the physical heart But the spiritual heart or the heart chakra . ) As per Sri Aurobindo , the angustha purusha is made up of elements of chaitya ( chetna ) , i.e. the angustha purusha is a being existing at the psychic ( Chetas ) sphere . Sri Aurobindo mentions that behind the ordinary chakra of the human heart region , inside a deep cave nihite guhayam as described by the Upanishads , is the center where a divine spark is present . This thumb-sized purusha is the bird in the twin-bird analogy of the Rigveda and Sankhya ( dvau suparna sayuja sakhaya ) which actually gets involved in the prakriti and suffers and/or enjoys the fruits of its Karma . As per Upanishads , the hiranmaya angustha purusha embodies the karana sharira . This hiranmaya angustha purusha is the vehicle of transmigration of soul among births . The visualizations regarding the size of the ` self ' has been of great significance in the Upansihads . The Brhadaranyaka Upanishad in V. 5.6.1 and the Chandogya Upanishad in V. 3.14.3 maintain the size of the self to be equal to a seed . The Shatapata Brahmana , V. 10.6.3 , mentions that the self : ... in the interior of my heart , is as tiny like a rice or barley or millet seed and golden like a smokeless light ( or flame ) . The angustha purusha is indestructible and resplendent and is contra-distinct from the purusha of the Purusha sukta . The angustha purusha is individualistic jivaatma while the primeval purursha of the purusha sukta is the collective paramatma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a20b7c16b3ad38b7a0a8c46cf1c60404", "text": "Bhuvaneshvari In Hinduism , Bhuvaneśwari is the fourth of the ten Dasa Mahavidya goddesses and an aspect of Devi or Durga as elements of the physical cosmos , in giving shape to the creation of the World '' . The word Bhuvaneśwari is a compound of the words Bhuvana Iśwari , meaning `` Goddess of the worlds '' where the worlds are the tri-bhuvana or three regions of bhūḥ ( earth ) , bhuvaḥ ( atmosphere ) and svaḥ ( heavens ) . Bhuvaneshwari is known as the sovereign Queen of the Universe . Bhuvaneshwari means the Queen or ruler of the Universe . She is the Divine Mother as the Queen of all the worlds . The entire Universe is her body and all beings are ornaments on her infinite being . She carries all the worlds as a flowering of her own Self-nature . She is thus related to Sundari and to Rajarajeshwari , the supreme Lady of the Universe . She is also known as Adi Shakti or Durga i.e. one of the earliest forms of shakti . She is capable of turning situations according to her wish . It is considered that even the navagrahas and Trimurti can not stop her from doing anything .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bfcfbee7f30d33ae8dd3b1a9fab9099", "text": "Anuvyavasaya Anuvyavasāya ( Sanskrit : अनुव्यवसाय ) is derived from anu ( ` after ' ) + vyavasāya ( ` contact ' ) -- which means - ` after contact ' or ` self reflective cognition ' or ` cognition of a cognition ' . Abhinavagupta has used this term to designate the re-presentation of what has been presented repeatedly as a dramatic representation . In Yoga psychology , it refers to the function of the mind in its intelligent ( sāttvika ) aspect by which the sensations ( due to the sense-object contact ālochana ) are associated , differentiated , integrated , and assimilated into precepts and concepts ; it refers to the creative faculty of the mind , and also accepted by Dignāga and Dharmakirti of the Yogacara and the Sautrāntika schools of Buddhism respectively . The former held the view that the nature of a reality is absolute consciousness devoid of any subject-object relations that are the constructs of the mind and expressed in language . However , the Nyāya realists did not accept Dignāga 's contention that the cognitive state is self-conscious or self-luminous awareness and its expression in propositional form is a mental construction , because they held that there are two stages of perception -- indeterminate or nirvikalpa perception and the determinate or savikalpa perception , follows the second stage , is when the mind relates it to the second stage . Abhinavagupta subscribes to the Yoga philosophy in explaining the determinate perception as an anuvyavasāya or creative function of the translucent mind predominated by its intelligence stuff ( sattva ) . According to Murari Misra of the Mimamsa School , the primary knowledge whose truth is under consideration is apprehended in its anuvyavasāya or introspective awareness , which secondary knowledge also apprehends the truth of the primary knowledge . Ganesa , in support thereof , states that since a knowledge is specified only by its object ( viseyanirupya ) , the anuvyavasāya apprehending a primary knowledge should also apprehend the primary knowledge as being knowledge of such and such object , which in fact amounts to apprehending it as a true knowledge ; anuvyavasāya gives the datum for analysis , for it considers the ordinary mental perception of the primary knowledge with the extraordinary presentation through past knowledge of the object of the primary knowledge , and as a rule is accompanied by truth . Anukirtana ( re-telling ) is a special type of anuvyavasāya ( re-perception ) . From the point of Advaita Vedanta , re-perception means the cognition of the mental states consisting of pleasure and pain . Anuvyavasāya ( re-perception ) reveals the previous knowledge existing at the stage as well as the self bearing that knowledge as a qualifier . In anuvyavasāya , the mind is conjunctively related to the knowing self in which the vyavasāya inheres ; and , anuvyavasāya , which is subsequent introspective awareness , amounts to the appropriation of the vyavasāya as a conscious ( intentional ) property of the knowing subject . This means , knowing is known in a secondary act of retrospection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "025356f38bad91c0fdab98231cca034a", "text": "Akashic records In theosophy and anthroposophy , the Akashic records are a compendium of all human events , thoughts , words , emotions and intent ever to have occurred , believed by theosophists to be encoded in a non-physical plane of existence known as the etheric plane . There are anecdotal accounts but no scientific evidence for existence of the Akashic records . Akasha is the Sanskrit word for `` aether '' or `` atmosphere '' . Also , in Hindi , Akash means `` sky '' or `` heaven '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "615d532798399a4cb26c0b8251ed49f0", "text": "Mannan language Mannan is a Dravidian language of Kerala and Tamil Nadu that is closely related to Malayalam and Tamil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "542e87ea88d61459d880b86c4181ac10", "text": "Narayan (name) Narayan or Narain or Narayanan is a common Indian given name , and it is some times used in west as a family name of people of Indian origin . It is identical in form to the name of the deity Narayana an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu and in many contemporary vernaculars . The form Narayanan is predominantly used in South India especially among Malayalam and Tamil speakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cde8370ec0a27b0f13eaa93244eedf3f", "text": "Akasha (disambiguation) Akasha ( also transliterated as Akasa , Akash or Aakash ) is a Sanskrit word referring to the Vedic concept of the aether or space . ( Not to be confused with acacia . ) Akasha , Akasa , Akash or Aakash may also refer to : Cyclone Akash , 2007 tropical storm system in the Indian Ocean Aakash Educational Services Limited , Indian exam coaching service", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad7a2e128e29922949471ca2432cc21e", "text": "Man and his Becoming according to the Vedanta Man and his Becoming according to the Vedanta is a book by René Guénon . The Introduction to the Study of the Hindu doctrines had , among its objectives , the purpose of giving the proper intellectual basis to promote openness to the study of eastern intellectuality . The study of Hindu doctrines is continued in his book Man and his Becoming according to the Vêdantâ by taking the specific viewpoint of the human being 's constitution according to the Vêdantâ : René Guénon states that his goal is not to present a synthetic exposition of all vedic doctrines `` which would be quite an impossible task '' , but to consider `` a particular point of that doctrine '' , in that case the definition of the human being , in order to contemplate afterwards other aspects of metaphysics . The book begins in precising the nature of the Vêdantâ , its profound signification as the `` end of the Vedas '' , and the traditional signification of Shruti and Smriti scriptures : the distinction between shruti and smriti is , fundamentally , equivalent to that between immediate intellectual intuition and reflective consciousness ; if the first is described by a word bearing the primitive meaning of ` hearing ' , this is precisely in order to indicate its intuitive character , and because according to the Hindu cosmological doctrine , sound holds the primordial rank among sensible qualities . The fundamental texts called Mimânsa ( Pûrva-Mimânsa , Uttara-Mimânsa ) , the Upanishads , the Brahmâ-Sûtras , along with Hindu cosmological texts are listed , and the notion of `` intellectual function '' associated to their origin is proposed , as opposed to the profane notion of `` author '' . The general considerations of the `` Self '' , the `` Unmanifested '' and the universal `` Manifestation '' are then introduced : the `` universal Manifestation '' is all that exists and its development is constantly being in progress , towards destiny . The `` Unmanifested '' is all that is beyond universal Manifestation , so that it can only be designated by negation . The second chapter also establishes the fundamental distinctions between the `` Self '' and the ego , or `` personality '' and `` individuality '' , the first being the only One that is `` absolutely real '' . These ideas are declined in different denominations depending , for a first part , on the different degrees of reality considered , and also from the `` transcendent '' and `` immanent '' point of views that can be contemplated : Ishwara is the `` Divine personality '' or the Principle of universal Manifestation . It is unmanifested , for the Principle of Manifestation can not be Itself manifested ( this is in relation to the symbolism of `` black heads '' : Ishwara has Its head in `` darkness '' ) . Atmâ , Paramâtmâ , Brahmâ : the realization that the Self , `` in relation to any being whatsoever , is in reality identical to Atmâ '' , constitutes the heart of the Hindu doctrine of `` delivrance '' or `` moksha '' , and that doctrine is absolutely identical to what Islamic esoterism calls the `` Supreme Identity '' ( that is to say , expressed in Hindu terms , the identity of Atmâ and Brahmâ ) : `` the ` Supreme Identity ' , according to an expression borrowed from Islamic esoterism , where the doctrine on this and on many other points is fundamentally the same as in the Hindu tradition , in spite of great differences in form . '' If the `` Supreme Identity '' ( or `` moksha '' or `` delivrance '' ) , is made possible , through realization , it is because at the very heart of the human being ( not to be confused with the heart organ of the corporeal envelope ) is found what is called Brahmâ 's journey , or Brahmâ-pura . From there , all different degrees of individual manifestation can be described and named , and in particular the tanmatras , the mind or manas in its role of coordinator of internal and external faculties , the five vayus , the different prânas , and the distinctions between the waking state , the dream state , and the deep sleep state . The book ends with a description of the reabsorption of the individual faculties , either in the posthumous conditions , or in the spiritual process of realization , up to the `` final delivrance '' or `` Supreme Identity '' , which is the ultimate goal of any true spiritual path . Category :1925 books Category : Books by René Guénon", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66ae30251fff7be0945970c28ac6198a", "text": "Pakad In Hindustani music , a pakad is a generally accepted musical phrase ( or set of phrases ) thought to encapsulate the essence of a particular raga . The pakad contains the melodic theme of the raga , on listening to the pakad a person who knows the raga is usually able to identify it . In many cases , the ragas contain the same swaras ( notes ) , then the pakad also contains information about gayaki or chalan ( the way the notes are to be ordered and played/sung ) . Usually , the pakad is formed from short convolutions of the arohana and avarohana , while in some cases it is quite different from them . The pakad for a particular raga need not be unique , its sole purpose is to clarify what raga it is . For example , here is a pakad for raga Yaman , a prominent raga from Hindustani Music : Ni * Re Ga Ma # Pa , Ma # Ga Re Sa .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a32032dcfa63dbda25ee1b5a7a9d5f61	Foo Fighters are a band.	[ { "docid": "e5c343e6aba847fc3b1ae1bfabeb17f8", "text": "Foo Fighters (album) Foo Fighters is the debut studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters , released on July 4 , 1995 , by Capitol Records through Dave Grohl 's label Roswell . Grohl wrote and recorded the entire album himself -- with the exception of a guest guitar spot by Greg Dulli -- with the assistance of producer Barrett Jones at Robert Lang Studios in Seattle , Washington , in 1994 . Grohl claimed he recorded the album just for fun , describing it as a cathartic experience to recover from the death of his Nirvana bandmate Kurt Cobain . After Grohl completed the recordings , he chose the name `` Foo Fighters '' for the project to hide his identity and passed cassettes copies of the sessions to personal friends . After said tapes attracted record label interest , Grohl signed with Capitol and recruited a full band to perform the songs live . The album was promoted through extensive tours and six singles , two of which received music videos . Foo Fighters earned positive reviews praising the songwriting and performances , and was also a commercial success , becoming the band 's second-best-selling album in the United States and reaching the top five in the charts of United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b70684a600f70cd4c52f2263c67f704c", "text": "Foo Fighters Foo Fighters is an American rock band , formed in Seattle , Washington in 1994 . It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a one-man project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the death of Kurt Cobain . The group got its name from the UFOs and various aerial phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II , which were known collectively as `` foo fighters '' . Prior to the release of Foo Fighters ' 1995 debut album Foo Fighters , which featured Grohl as the only official member , Grohl recruited bassist Nate Mendel and drummer William Goldsmith , both formerly of Sunny Day Real Estate , as well as Nirvana touring guitarist Pat Smear to complete the lineup . The band began with performances in Portland , Oregon . Goldsmith quit during the recording of the group 's second album , The Colour and the Shape ( 1997 ) , when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself . Smear 's departure followed soon afterward , though he would rejoin them in 2006 . They were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl , respectively , although Stahl was fired before the recording of the group 's third album , There Is Nothing Left to Lose ( 1999 ) . The band briefly continued as a trio until Chris Shiflett joined as the band 's lead guitarist after the completion of There Is Nothing Left to Lose . The band released its fourth album , One by One , in 2002 . The group followed that release with the two-disc In Your Honor ( 2005 ) , which was split between acoustic songs and heavier material . Foo Fighters released its sixth album , Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace , in 2007 . The band 's seventh studio album , Wasting Light , produced by Butch Vig was released in 2011 , in which Smear returned as a full member . In November 2014 , the band 's eighth studio album , Sonic Highways , was released as an accompanying soundtrack to the Grohl-directed 2014 miniseries of the same name . Over the course of the band 's career , four of its albums have won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album . As of 2015 , the band 's eight albums have sold 12 million copies in the U.S. , and 30 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "304aeb0dc7230afae9a80213e5f640e0", "text": "Club fighter A club fighter ( or clubfighter ) is a professional boxer who usually fights locally and has a mediocre record . Club fighters generally are not nationally recognized and have not won any fights that show the ability to win a championship . The term is often used as a pejorative for over-hyped fighters or for older boxers when they begin to decline . For example , Floyd Mayweather Jr. called Arturo Gatti `` a blown-up club fighter '' , even though Gatti was the WBC super lightweight champion at the time . A club fighter is less respected than a contender , who defeats journeymen and club fighters in order to establish himself as a challenger for a world title . A journeyman is slightly more respected than a club fighter -- often by way of having a superficially good record . Category : Boxing terminology Category : Pejorative terms for people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c5d3e948b51696e459e9976c4d0c3", "text": "Tuff Enuff (song) `` Tuff Enuff '' is a song by the blues rock band The Fabulous Thunderbirds . It was written by the band 's lead singer Kim Wilson and appeared on the album Tuff Enuff . It was produced by Dave Edmunds . Released as a single in 1986 , `` Tuff Enuff '' peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , at number four on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and it appeared on the top 20 charts in other countries as well . It was ranked # 96 on VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s . It was the band 's first single and has since become the band 's most well-known song . It also had an accompanying music video directed by Harry Lake . The song was covered by Wynonna Judd for her 2000 album , New Day Dawning . In 2015 , the song was performed by Dave Grohl and his band the Foo Fighters at Austin City Limits , along with guest artists Gary Clark , Jr. and former Thunderbird Jimmie Vaughan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f642cc3ddab2d57e9fe05b3b76bdb225", "text": "Viva Death Viva Death are an American rock band formed from members of the bands Face to Face , Foo Fighters and The Vandals . They have released three albums to date and also have numerous unreleased tracks on their website . Viva Death are known for using Baritone guitars rather than normal guitars to achieve their unique sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8120644b8e9940e11142032a48f0d7c", "text": "Jetboy (band) Jetboy is an American San Francisco-based hard rock band founded in 1983 by guitarists Billy Rowe and Fernie Rod . Best described as a blend of edgy rock and roll with a traditional blues based influence . Jetboy got the attention of music fans and record executives alike in Hollywood during the mid 1980s . The band transplanted themselves to Los Angeles in 1986 after signing a deal with Elektra Records . Their musical influences ranged from punk rock to rock 'n' roll to blues . Their 1988 debut album Feel the Shake peaked at 135 on The Billboard 200 . After parting ways with original bass player Todd Crew in mid-1987 , the band was joined by former Hanoi Rocks member Sami Yaffa . Yaffa , a member of one of the groups Jetboy had found most influential , was now a member of the band as their new bassist . In August 1987 Todd Crew died due to a drug overdose in the hotel room of Guns N ' Roses guitarist Slash . Jetboy continued on into the 1990s before disbanding in 1992 . However , over a decade later , Jetboy reconvened , toured and recorded a new EP , Off Your Rocker in 2010 . Having been absent from the studio for some 20 years , Jetboy recorded Off Your Rocker in a fully organic mode . The band played all in the same room together in a `` live-style '' format in an effort to duplicate the way the songs were written , all together , in a true 1970 's fashion where the band could feed off of one another 's energy . Jetboy has continued to gain in popularity , and has continuously played to large crowds at festivals across the United States including Rocklahoma , The South Texas Rock Fest , Rock the Bayou & The M3 Festival two times . On June 1 , 2012 Jetboy did a 25-year reunion for their debut album ` Feel The Shake ' at the Whisky A Go Go in Hollywood . The show was also a release party for the movie Rock Of Ages which featured a few images of Jetboy . The line-up for this show included all original members with a surprise appearance by their second bass player Sami Yaffa who is currently playing in the Michael Monroe Band . This was the first time they all shared the stage together in over 20 years . Jetboy plan to continue with the original line-up with Charles Norman on bass who replaced Yaffa for the Damnednation tour in 1989 . January 25 , 2014 during NAMM weekend Jetboy supported Faster Pussycat at the Whisky A Go-Go to a sold out crowd to celebrate the club 's 50-year anniversary . Jetboy geared up in late 2015 to bring their style of rock n roll to the stage again . The band performed at Riki Rachtman 's Cathouse Live on August 15 , 2015 at the Irvine Meadows Amphitheater in Irvine , California . Three songs from Feel the Shake were featured in the 1989 movie The ` Burbs , starring Tom Hanks . They were `` Bloodstone '' , `` Locked in a Cage '' and `` Make Some Noise '' . Additionally , two songs from Feel the Shake , `` Feel the Shake '' and `` Make Some Noise '' were also featured in the 1989 movie She 's Out of Control .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9935e8e80263b76429daf6d6e4edc9c", "text": "Big Day Out lineups by year This is a comprehensive listing of artists and bands who have performed at Big Day Out listed by year . Big Day Out was an Australian music festival which began in 1992 in Sydney and has expanded since to include several Australian venues and also Auckland , New Zealand . Each year , the line-up of artists changes dramatically , generally maintaining rock as the focal music style , but also featuring many hip-hop , electronica , blues and roots artists . Since its beginning , the line ups have included international acts such as Nirvana , Foo Fighters , Chemical Brothers , Tool , Marilyn Manson , Muse , Nine Inch Nails and Red Hot Chili Peppers while also promoting local Australian and New Zealand artists such as Regurgitator , Powderfinger , Grinspoon , Silverchair , and many others . __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b870d051f505ce0929d9033ca819d841", "text": "E.Y.C. (band) E.Y.C. ( also known as Express Yourself Clearly ) was an American pop/R & B group . Its members were Damon Butler , Dave Loeffler and Trey McKay Parker . E.Y.C. failed to find success in their home country , but became more popular abroad in the United Kingdom and Australia . They scored six Top 40 hits in the UK Singles Chart before disbanding . Controversy surrounded the release of their track `` Black Book '' ; which was released as a special edition CD featuring the names of all the fans that had signed up to their mailing list encouraging them to purchase the CD . This resulted in the group scoring their biggest hit when the track peaked at Number 13 in the UK chart . They also appeared on the Childliners single , The Gift Of Christmas , alongside acts such as Backstreet Boys , Boyzone , MN8 , Sean Maguire , Deuce , Ultimate Kaos , Let Loose , East 17 , Peter Andre , Michelle Gayle and Dannii Minogue . Robbie Williams & Gary Barlow & Jason Orange & Howard Donland & Mark Owen & Kylie Minogue & Alexa Chung & Alex Zane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afc418c215cdd3149dcfa0b0f94c06d3", "text": "Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics . Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity . The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019c6b7c2184255413dc3c7095e912d7", "text": "Blink-182 Blink-182 ( often stylized as blink-182 ; pronounced `` blink one eighty two '' ) is an American rock band formed in Poway , California in 1992 . The band currently consists of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus , drummer Travis Barker , and guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . Founded by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge , bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor , the band emerged from the Southern California punk scene of the early 1990s and first gained notoriety for high-energy live shows and irreverent lyrical toilet humor . Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action ; in response , the band appended the meaningless number '' -182 '' . In its early years , Blink-182 toured heavily behind the band 's debut , Cheshire Cat ( 1995 ) . The group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album , Dude Ranch ( 1997 ) . Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker . The group 's next two releases , Enema of the State ( 1999 ) and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket ( 2001 ) , were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay . The eponymously titled Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a stylistic shift for the group . DeLonge quit in 2005 , sending the band into what was termed an `` indefinite hiatus '' . They reunited in 2009 , producing the trio 's sixth album , Neighborhoods ( 2011 ) . In 2015 , DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . The band 's seventh studio album , California , was released on July 1 , 2016 . Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk ; the band 's combination of pop melodies with fast-paced punk rock featured a more radio-friendly accessibility than prior bands . The trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States , and over 50 million albums worldwide . In 2011 , The New York Times asserted , `` no punk band of the 1990s has been more influential than Blink-182 , '' and even as the band receded after its 2005 split , `` its sound and style could be heard in the muscular pop punk of Fall Out Boy or in the current wave of high-gloss Warped Tour punk bands , like All Time Low and The Maine . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee7d55cae9af22df65d458199dfeb25", "text": "The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion . The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 . The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "871c6871352f764ef7af2fc87887bed6", "text": "Light fighter Light fighters are fighter aircraft towards the low end of the practical range of weight , cost , and complexity over which fighters are fielded . The term lightweight fighter is more commonly used in the modern literature , and by example tends to imply somewhat more capable aircraft than light fighters at the very low end of the practical weight range , but the terms overlap and are sometimes used interchangeably . Whatever term is used , the concept is to be on the generally lower half of the practical range , but still with carefully selected competitive features , in order to project highly effective force per unit of budget via an efficient design . As well designed lightweight fighters have proven able to match or beat heavier aircraft plane for plane for many missions , and to significantly excel them in budgetary efficiency , light/lightweight fighters have proven to be a strategically valuable concept . Attempting to scale this efficiency to still lower cost , some manufacturers have in recent years adopted the term `` light fighter '' to also refer to light primarily air-to-ground attack aircraft , some of which are modified trainer designs . A key design goal of light/lightweight fighter design is to satisfy standard air-to-air fighter effectiveness requirements . These criteria in order of importance are the ability to benefit from the element of surprise , to have numerical superiority in the air , to have superior maneuverability , and to possess suitable weapon systems effectiveness . Light fighters typically achieve a surprise advantage over larger aircraft due to smaller visual and radar signatures , which is important since in the majority of air-to-air kills the element of surprise is dominant . Their comparative lower cost and higher reliability also allows greater numbers per budget . Finally , while a single engine light fighter would typically only carry about half the weapons load of a heavy twin engine fighter , its surprise and maneuverability advantages often allow it to gain positional advantage to make better use of those weapons . The light fighter concept first arose in the period between World War I and World War II . Examples include several RAF fighter designs from the pre-World War II ( WWII ) era , and their French counterparts , known as `` Jockey '' aircraft . None of these very light fighters enjoyed success into World War II , as they were too hampered in performance . Similar to the meaning of lightweight fighter today , during World War II the term `` small fighter '' was used to describe a single engine aircraft of competitive performance , range , and armament load , but with no unnecessary weight and cost . Examples of this style of very successful fighter include the Japanese A6M Zero , British Supermarine Spitfire , German Messerschmitt Bf 109 , American P-51 Mustang , and Soviet Yakovlev Yak-3 . After World War II fighter design moved into the jet era , and many jet fighters basically followed the successful World War II formula of highly efficient mostly single engine designs that tended to be about half the weight and cost of twin engine heavy fighters . Prominent early examples include the English Folland Gnat , the American F-86 Sabre and Northrop F-5 , the Soviet Mikoyan MiG-15 and Mikoyan MiG-21 , the French Mirage III , and the Swedish Saab Draken . More modern lightweight fighters with competitive air-to-air capability ( supersonic aircraft with afterburning engines and modern missile armament ) include the American F-16 , Swedish JAS 39 Gripen , Indian HAL Tejas , Korean FA-50 , Japanese Mitsubishi F-2 , Chinese Chengdu J-10 , and Pakistani/Chinese CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder . The high practical and budgetary effectiveness of modern light fighters for many missions is why the U.S. Air Force adopted both the F-15 and F-16 in a `` hi/lo '' strategy of both an outstanding but expensive heavy fighter and a lower cost but also outstanding lightweight fighter . The investment to maintain a competitive modern lightweight fighter air force is approximately $ 90M to $ 130M ( 2013 dollars ) per plane over a 20-year service life , which is approximately half the cost of heavy fighters , so understanding fighter aircraft design trade-offs and combat effectiveness is of national level strategic importance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "279918f3ed6ab3740eb513b3b994c376", "text": "Atomic Rooster (1980 album) Atomic Rooster is the sixth studio album by British rock band Atomic Rooster . It was recorded when the band regrouped after breaking up for five years , and they embarked on a raw style , which was in marked contrast to that of their past few albums . In addition , its heavier sound fitted in better with the new wave of British heavy metal scene . Two tracks , `` She 's My Woman '' and `` Where 's the Show ? '' , were originally recorded by John Du Cann for his solo album , The World 's Not Big Enough , in 1977 . The album was not released at the time and the songs were later reworked by Atomic Rooster . Du Cann 's solo album was eventually released in 1992 . `` Do You Know Who 's Looking for You ? '' has been covered by Finnish rock band YUP , who recorded it with new lyrics in their native language and retitled it `` Keittoruoka '' ( `` Soup Meal '' ) . It was included on their 2001 album Hajota ja hallitse ( ` Divide and Conquer ' ) . The 2005 CD reissue , whilst being welcomed by fans of the band 's latter era , is , nonetheless , unlicensed . The copyright in the recording is held by the original label , EMI . The Angel Air release featured extensive sleevenotes by Record Collector magazine 's Joe Geesin , which included a new interview with John Du Cann .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86e9d2565101256113b31f9e42dbbddc", "text": "The Fugs (album) The Fugs is a 1966 album by The Fugs , described in their AllMusic profile as `` arguably the first underground rock group of all time '' . The album charted number 95 on Billboard 's `` Top Pop Albums '' chart . The album was re-released on CD in 1993 as The Fugs Second Album under the Fantasy label with five additional tracks : two live performances and three tracks recorded for Atlantic in 1967 for an album that was never released . In its review of the re-release , AllMusic finds them `` very ahead of their time lyrically '' and compares them to the punk band Dead Kennedys , both lyrically and in their shared `` weakness for crude humor '' . In 2013 , David Bowie included it in a list of 25 of his favourite albums , `` Confessions of a Vinyl Junkie '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "412fb7fa4169a15b8afc79a6b544502d", "text": "Florence and the Machine discography English indie rock band Florence and the Machine have released three studio albums , two live albums , six extended plays , 20 singles , two promotional singles and 23 music videos . Florence and the Machine released their first extended play , A Lot of Love . A Lot of Blood , in March 2009 . Their debut studio album , Lungs , was released in July 2009 through Island Records , reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart in January 2010 . The album was subsequently certified quintuple platinum in the United Kingdom , quadruple platinum in Ireland and triple platinum in Australia . The album 's lead single `` Kiss with a Fist '' peaked at number 51 on the UK Singles Chart . This was succeeded by the single `` Dog Days Are Over '' , which reached number 23 in the UK and number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Third single `` Rabbit Heart ( Raise It Up ) '' reached number 12 in the UK and number 41 in Ireland . `` Drumming Song '' was released as the fourth single , charting at number 54 in the UK . `` You 've Got the Love '' , a cover of The Source 's song of the same name , peaked at number five in the UK and number nine in Australia . A performance at the 2010 BRIT Awards on 17 February 2010 saw the Dizzee Rascal-assisted mash-up `` You Got the Dirtee Love '' debut at number two in the UK . The album 's sixth and final single , `` Cosmic Love '' , peaked at number 51 in the UK and number three in Ireland . The band 's second studio album , Ceremonials , was released in October 2011 , debuting atop the charts in the UK , Ireland , Australia and New Zealand . The album 's release was preceded by the promotional single `` What the Water Gave Me '' , which peaked at number 24 in the UK , number 13 in Ireland and number 15 in New Zealand . Lead single `` Shake It Out '' became the band 's fifth top-40 hit in the UK , peaking at number 12 upon release in September 2011 . The track also attained international chart success , reaching number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming the band 's highest-peaking single in Ireland , where it reached number two . The album also saw the release of singles `` No Light , No Light '' and `` Never Let Me Go '' , which peaked at numbers 50 and 82 on the UK chart , respectively . Their next release `` Spectrum ( Say My Name ) '' peaked at number one in the UK , becoming their first UK number-one single . In June 2015 , Florence and the Machine released their third studio album , How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful , which debuted at number one in eight countries including the UK and the US and reached the top 10 of 20 countries . The album had sold over a million copies worldwide by the end of 2015 and has been certified platinum in the UK , Australia and Poland , and gold in New Zealand . It was promoted by the singles `` What Kind of Man '' and `` Ship to Wreck '' , which both reached the top 40 in the UK , Ireland and New Zealand , as well as `` Queen of Peace '' and `` Delilah '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f52295158105309d03a3218cee8b35e", "text": "Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders is a band founded by Taylor Hawkins , drummer for the Foo Fighters . Hawkins is the drummer and vocalist for the trio . Other band members include Chris Chaney on bass and Gannin Arnold on guitar . Chaney and Hawkins had previously been in Alanis Morissette 's tour band ` Sexual Chocolate ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0876e1ddb169ddb71c049f0eba02b85", "text": "Rollercoaster Tour The Rollercoaster Tour was a 1992 co-headlining concert tour by the English Britpop band Blur , the American indie rock band Dinosaur Jr. , the Irish alternative rock band My Bloody Valentine and the Scottish noise pop band the Jesus and Mary Chain . A one-leg 11-date tour of the United Kingdom , the tour was in support of all four bands ' current releases : Blur 's debut album Leisure ( 1991 ) , Dinosaur Jr. s fourth album Green Mind ( 1991 ) , My Bloody Valentine 's second album Loveless ( 1991 ) and The Jesus and Mary Chain 's fourth album Honey 's Dead ( 1992 ) . The tour was curated by the Jesus and Mary Chain 's vocalist Jim Reid , who `` wanted to break the routine '' of performing in small , frequently played venues -- such as Nottinghams Rock City -- and `` cater to all strands of independent rock music '' . Reid was inspired by , and considered the Rollercoaster Tour a British equivalent to , the North American festival Lollapalooza , which the Jesus and Mary Chain performed at in 1991 and which he considered `` fairly disastrous '' . Each band performed a 45-minute set with no encore and the line-up changed each night of the tour , although the Jesus and Mary Chain performed as the final act on all 11 dates . My Bloody Valentine ceased live performances in the UK after the tour and did not play again until their 2008 reunion tour . The band 's set , which ended with a noise section of their song `` You Made Me Realise '' referred to as the `` holocaust section '' , reportedly caused attendees ' pint glasses to fall out of their hands due to excessive sound pressure levels . Reflecting on the tour , Jim Reid referred to it as `` a lot -LSB- like a -RSB- competition -- who could be the loudest ? Whose was the best film show ? And then there was , who could be most off their tits and still play a show ? '' The Rollercoaster EP , containing material from Blur , My Bloody Valentine , Dinosaur Jr. and the Jesus and Mary Chain , was issued in Melody Maker in March 1992 to promote the tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05686add4f81efe7ac5af8d1cc058112", "text": "FooBillard FooBillard is a free and open-source , OpenGL-based sports simulation video game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74475b3e9cfe19db8866b34e6c566194", "text": "Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes . Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c264c735a0bc1f974fd3fdbf30376219", "text": "The F.U.'s The F.U. 's formed in late 1981 as a three piece Boston hardcore punk band . In 1986 they changed their name to Straw Dogs , moving toward heavy metal and reformed under their original moniker in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b7810466276f5e715b319f76fd6c825", "text": "The Zimmers The Zimmers are an English band formed in 2007 and are thought to have the oldest members of any group in the world . The oldest member , Buster Martin , claimed to have been born in 1906 , although some sources indicate he was born in 1913 . Martin died in 2011 . Former lead singer Alf Carretta died on 29 June 2010 , aged 93 . The group takes its name from the Zimmer frame , the UK term for a mobility aid known in other countries as a walker . The band was created as a feature in a BBC Television documentary which aired on 28 May 2007 . The feature of forming the band and recording a single was intended to give a voice to the feelings of isolation and imprisonment suffered by the elderly . The Zimmers ' logo is a parody of The Beatles ' logo , as is the image of them walking across Abbey Road . On 7 April 2012 , the band performed the Beastie Boys ' '' ( You Got ta ) Fight for Your Right ( To Party ! ) '' on Britain 's Got Talent . The band toured in 2013 , performing in Warrington on 25 May that year .", "title": "" } ]	fever
78b348ca1afb47fcbf633d86dd9f24c9	Octopuses defend themselves against predators.	[ { "docid": "b172e32db485284c0e68ce45fb43a2b0", "text": "Octopus The octopus ( -LSB- ˈɒktpəs -RSB- or ~ -LSB- əpʊs -RSB- ) is a soft-bodied , eight-armed mollusc of the order Octopoda . The order is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids , cuttlefish and nautiloids . Like other cephalopods , the octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beak , with its mouth at the centre point of the arms . The soft body , with its lack of internal or external skeleton , can rapidly alter its shape , appearance and colour , enabling the octopus to squeeze through small gaps . The mantle cavity is used both for respiration and for locomotion , by expelling a jet of water . Octopuses have a complex nervous system and excellent sight , and are among the most intelligent and behaviourally diverse of all invertebrates . Octopuses inhabit various regions of the ocean , including coral reefs , pelagic waters , and the seabed ; some occur in the intertidal zone and others at abyssal depths . Most species grow fast , mature early and are short-lived . During breeding , the male uses a specially adapted arm to deliver a bundle of sperm directly into the female 's mantle cavity , after which he goes into a decline . The female deposits fertilised eggs in a den and cares for them until they hatch , after which she also dies . Octopuses have numerous strategies for to defend themselves against predators , including the expulsion of ink , the use of camouflage and deimatic displays , their ability to jet quickly through the water , and their ability to hide . They trail their eight arms behind them as they swim . All octopuses are venomous , but only one group , the blue-ringed octopuses , is known to be deadly to humans . Around 300 species are recognised . Octopuses appear in mythology as sea monsters like the Kraken of Norway and the Akkorokamui of the Ainu , and probably the Gorgon of ancient Greece . A battle with an octopus appears in Victor Hugo 's book Toilers of the Sea , inspiring other works such as Ian Fleming 's Octopussy . Octopuses appear in Japanese erotic art , shunga . They are eaten by humans in many parts of the world , especially the Mediterranean and the Asian seas .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d8a4b27e55a4de024adff44489e3e442", "text": "Ophichthidae Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes , commonly known as the Snake eels . The term `` Ophichthidae '' comes from Greek ophis ( `` serpent '' ) and ichthys ( `` fish '' ) . Snake eels are also burrowing eels , they are named for their physical appearance , they have long , cylindrical snakelike bodies . This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters . They inhabit a wide range of habitats , from coastal shallows and even rivers , to depths of above 800 m. Most species are bottom dwellers , hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish , but some are pelagic . These species range from 5 cm to 2.3 m or more in length . Many species lack fins altogether , improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms . They are often spotted or striped in colour , mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators . Often , they are washed ashore by large storms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92fb7ebbcdee166057b84de9cfd8f9f1", "text": "Hypercarnivore A hypercarnivore is an animal which has a diet that is more than 70 % meat , with the balance consisting of non-animal foods such as fungi , fruits or other plant material . Some examples include crocodiles , alligators , owls , shrikes , eagles , felids , dolphins , snakes , marlin , spiders , scorpions and most sharks . Every species in the Felidae family , including the domesticated cat , is a hypercarnivore in its natural state . Some well-known hypercarnivorous invertebrates are octopuses and starfish . Additionally , this term is also used in paleobiology to describe taxa of animals which have an increased slicing component of their dentition relative to the grinding component . Hypercarnivores need not be apex predators . For example , salmon are exclusively carnivorous , yet they are prey at all stages of life for a variety of organisms . Many prehistoric mammals of the clade Carnivoramorpha ( Carnivora and Miacoidea without Creodonta ) , along with the early order Creodonta , and some mammals of the even earlier order Cimolesta , were hypercarnivores . The earliest carnivorous mammal is considered to be Cimolestes , which existed during the Late Cretaceous and early Paleogene periods in North America about 66 million years ago . Theropod dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus rex that existed during the late Cretaceous , although not mammals , were obligate carnivores . Large hypercarnivores evolved frequently in the fossil record , often in response to an ecological opportunity afforded by the decline or extinction of previously dominant hypercarnivorous taxa . While the evolution of large size and carnivory may be favored at the individual level , it can lead to a macroevolutionary decline , wherein such extreme dietary specialization results in reduced population densities and a greater vulnerability for extinction . As a result of these opposing forces , the fossil record of carnivores is dominated by successive clades of hypercarnivores that diversify and decline , only to be replaced by new hypercarnivorous clades . As an example of related species with differing diets , even though they diverged only 150,000 years ago , the polar bear is the most highly carnivorous bear ( more than 90 % of its diet is meat ) while the grizzly bear is one of the least carnivorous in many locales , with less than 10 % of its diet being meat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6179b0035969aa5d8fabf24519e5afa1", "text": "Mobbing (animal behavior) Mobbing in animals is an antipredator adaptation in which individuals of prey species mob a predator by cooperatively attacking or harassing it , usually to protect their offspring . A simple definition of mobbing is an assemblage of individuals around a potentially dangerous predator . This is most frequently seen in birds , though it is also known to occur in many other animals such as the meerkat . While mobbing has evolved independently in many species , it only tends to be present in those whose young are frequently preyed upon . This behavior may complement cryptic adaptations in the offspring themselves , such as camouflage and hiding . Mobbing calls may be used to summon nearby individuals to cooperate in the attack . Konrad Lorenz , in his book On Aggression ( 1966 ) , attributed mobbing among birds and animals to instincts rooted in the Darwinian struggle to survive . In his view , humans are subject to similar innate impulses but capable of bringing them under rational control ( see mobbing ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c17b6f42bf01962486fb2490b09343b", "text": "Mantle (mollusc) The mantle ( also known by the Latin word pallium meaning mantle , robe or cloak , adjective pallial ) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs : it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself . In many species of molluscs the epidermis of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin , and creates a shell . In sea slugs there is a progressive loss of the shell and the mantle becomes the dorsal surface of the animal . The words mantle and pallium both originally meant cloak or cape , see mantle ( vesture ) . This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle , usually referred to as the mantle margin , extend far beyond the main part of the body , forming flaps , double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses , including for example , the siphon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61628003e006b6f8466cbeb56189b048", "text": "Fish jaw Most bony fishes have two sets of jaws made mainly of bone . The primary oral jaws open and close the mouth , and a second set of pharyngeal jaws are positioned at the back of the throat . The oral jaws are used to capture and manipulate prey by biting and crushing . The pharyngeal jaws , so-called because they are positioned within the pharynx , are used to further process the food and move it from the mouth to the stomach . Cartilaginous fishes , such as sharks and rays , have one set of oral jaws made mainly of cartilage . They do not have pharyngeal jaws . Generally jaws are articulated and oppose vertically , comprising an upper jaw and a lower jaw and can bear numerous ordered teeth . Bony fishes usually develop only one set of teeth ( monophyodont ) . Cartilaginous fishes grow multiple sets ( polyphyodont ) and replace teeth as they wear . Jaws probably originated in the pharyngeal arches supporting the gills of jawless fish . The earliest jaws appeared in the now extinct placoderms and spiny sharks during the Silurian , about 430 million years ago . The original selective advantage offered by the jaw was probably not related to feeding , but to increased respiration efficiency -- the jaws were used in the buccal pump to pump water across the gills . The familiar use of jaws for feeding would then have developed as a secondary function before becoming the primary function in many vertebrates . All vertebrate jaws , including the human jaw , evolved from early fish jaws . The appearance of the early vertebrate jaw has been described as `` perhaps the most profound and radical evolutionary step in the vertebrate history '' . Fish without jaws had more difficulty surviving than fish with jaws , and most jawless fish became extinct . Jaws use linkage mechanisms . These linkages can be especially common and complex in the head of bony fishes , such as wrasses , which have evolved many specialized feeding mechanisms . Especially advanced are the linkage mechanisms of jaw protrusion . For suction feeding a system of linked four-bar linkages is responsible for the coordinated opening of the mouth and the three-dimensional expansion of the buccal cavity . Other linkages are responsible for protrusion of the premaxilla . Linkage systems are widely distributed in animals . The most thorough overview of the different types of linkages in animals has been provided by M. Muller , who also designed a new classification system , which is especially well suited for biological systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8902a4135ff1f14633767a454c2d0fe3", "text": "Caribbean reef shark The Caribbean reef shark ( Carcharhinus perezii ) is a species of requiem shark , belonging to the family Carcharhinidae . It is found in the tropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean from Florida to Brazil , and is the most commonly encountered reef shark in the Caribbean Sea . With a robust , streamlined body typical of the requiem sharks , this species is difficult to tell apart from other large members of its family such as the dusky shark ( C. obscurus ) and the silky shark ( C. falciformis ) . Distinguishing characteristics include dusky-colored fins without prominent markings , a short free rear tip on the second dorsal fin , and tooth shape and number . Measuring up to 3 m long , the Caribbean reef shark is one of the largest apex predators in the reef ecosystem , feeding on a variety of fishes and cephalopods . They have been documented resting motionless on the sea bottom or inside caves , unusual behavior for an active-swimming shark . If threatened , it may perform a threat display in which it frequently changes direction and dips its pectoral fins . Like other requiem sharks , it is viviparous with females giving birth to 4 -- 6 young every other year . Caribbean reef sharks are of some importance to fisheries as a source of meat , leather , liver oil , and fishmeal , but recently they have become more valuable as an ecotourist attraction . In the Bahamas and elsewhere , bait is used to attract them to groups of divers in controversial `` shark feedings '' . This species is responsible for a small number of attacks on humans . The shark attacks usually happen in the spring/summer part of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab7c5ec66576fa7fd2cbe345d05ca462", "text": "Myopsina Myopsina is a suborder of squid containing two families : the monotypic Australiteuthidae and the diverse and commercially important Loliginidae ( ~ 50 species ) . Some taxonomists raise this group to the level of an order , in which case it is known as Myopsida . This is due to Myopsina and Oegopsina not being demonstrated to form a clade . A number of morphological features distinguish members of Myopsina from those of its sister group , Oegopsina . Some of the most obvious differences are found in the structure of the eyes : those of myopsid squids lack a secondary eyelid and are instead covered by a transparent corneal membrane , the opening of which is reduced to a microscopic anterior pore in most species . The arms and tentacles are ornamented with simple suckers ( hooks are never present ) , with additional suckers usually borne on the buccal lappets . The carpal ( `` wrist '' ) portion of the tentacular club lacks a locking apparatus , and a tentacle pocket is present on the head . The funnel has no lateral adductor muscles . An internalised shell is present in the form of a well-developed gladius , which is located dorsally within the mantle and extends for almost its entire length . In contrast to oegopsids , females possess accessory nidamental glands in addition to the main nidamental glands . They however lack a right oviduct . Myopsids are found in coastal waters worldwide . They are demersal , generally feeding on or near the bottom . Adult sizes range from the dwarf Australiteuthis and Pickfordiateuthis , whose males mature at less than 2 cm in mantle length ( ML ) , to the large Loligo forbesii , which can exceed 90 cm ML .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31d1c28158201e21d0adccdc2517e0a2", "text": "Hypoathroid The term hypoathroid ( Ancient Greek hypo - , `` under '' + - athroid , `` gathered together '' ) is used to describe the arrangement of ganglia in the nervous system of molluscs . In the hypoathroid state , the pleural ganglia of the `` chest '' and the pedal ganglia of the `` feet '' lie close to each other more or less underneath the gut , and they communicate with the cerebral ganglia via long connectives . It is a condition that is characteristic of the Archaeogastropoda clade , and represents one end of a three-part spectrum of such arrangements , the other two being the dystenoid system in which the pleural and cerebral ganglia are closer together but still distinctly separate , and the epiathroid condition in which the pleural , pedal , and cerebral ganglia all lie close together ( characteristic , for example , of the Mesogastropoda and Neogastropoda . The centralization of the nervous system generally is considered evidence of an evolutionary advancement among molluscs , while the more diffuse condition is viewed as a sign of evolutionary proximity to the hypothetical `` archimollusc '' ancestor of all molluscs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bbb671bd2b287efbebb7d29daf58cd3", "text": "List of cnidarians of Ireland There are 302 species of cnidarians ( phylum Cnidaria ) recorded in Ireland . The cnidarians ' distinguishing feature is cnidocytes , specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey . Their bodies consist of mesoglea , a non-living jelly-like substance , sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell thick . They have two basic body forms : swimming medusae and sessile polyps , both of which are radially symmetrical with mouths surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes . Both forms have a single orifice and body cavity that are used for digestion and respiration . Many cnidarian species produce colonies that are single organisms composed of medusa-like or polyp-like zooids , or both ( hence they are trimorphic ) . Cnidarians found in Ireland and Irish waters include sea pens , sea anemones , hydroids , sea jellies ( `` jellyfish '' ) and corals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16aac9e43276843bba2befd8a250316b", "text": "Grenadiers (fish) Grenadiers or rattails are generally large , brown to black gadiform marine fish of the family Macrouridae . Found at great depths from the Arctic to Antarctic , members of this family are amongst the most abundant of the deep-sea fish . The macrourids form a large and diverse family with 28 extant genera recognized ( well over half of the total species are contained in just three genera , Coelorinchus , Coryphaenoides , and Nezumia ) . They range in length from about 10 cm in Hymenogadus gracilis to 1.5 m in Albatrossia pectoralis . An important commercial fishery exists for the larger species , such as the giant grenadier and Coryphaenoides rupestris . The family as a whole may represent up to 15 % of the deep-sea fish population . Typified by large heads with large mouths and eyes , grenadiers have slender bodies that taper greatly to very thin caudal peduncles or tails ( excluding one species with no tail fin ) : this rat-like tail explains the common name ` rattail ' and the family name Macrouridae , from the Greek makros meaning `` great '' and oura meaning `` tail '' . The first dorsal fin is small , high , and pointed ( and may be spinous ) ; the second dorsal fin runs along the rest of the back and merges with the tail and extensive anal fin . The scales are small . As with many deep-living fish , the lateral line system in grenadiers is well-developed ; it is further aided by numerous chemoreceptors located on the head and lips and chemosensory barbels underneath the chin . Benthic species have gas bladders with unique muscles attached to them . The animals are thought to use these muscles to `` strum '' their gas bladders and produce sound , possibly playing a role in courtship and mate location . Light-producing organs , photophores , are present in some species ; they are located in the middle of the abdomen , just before the anus and underneath the skin . Living at depths from 200 to , grenadiers are the most common benthic fish of the deep ( however , two genera are known to prefer the midwater ) . They may be solitary or may form large schools , as with the roundnose grenadiers . The benthic species are attracted to structural oases , such as hydrothermal vents , cold seeps , and shipwrecks . They are thought to be generalists , feeding on smaller fish , pelagic crustaceans such as shrimp , amphipods , cumaceans , and less often cephalopods and lanternfish . As well as being important apex predators in the benthic habitat , some species are also notable as scavengers . As few rattail larvae have been recovered , little is known of their life histories . They are known to produce a large number ( over 100,000 ) of tiny ( 1 - in diameter ) eggs made buoyant by lipid droplets . The eggs are presumed to float up to the thermocline ( the interface between warmer surface waters and cold , deeper waters ) where they develop . The juveniles remain in shallower waters , gradually migrating to greater depths with age . Spawning may or may not be tied to the seasons , depending on the species . At least one species , Coryphaenoides armatus , is thought to be semelparous ; that is , the adults die after spawning . Nonsemelparous species may live to 56 years or more . The macrourids , in general , are thought to have low resilience ; commercially exploited species may be overfished and this could soon lead to a collapse of their fisheries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b54582a0f9acaa008d72daa1cdea6a7", "text": "Olfactory toxicity in fish The olfactory system is the system related to the sense of smell ( olfaction ) . Many fish activities are dependent on olfaction , such as : mating , discriminating kin , avoiding predators , locating food , contaminant avoidance , imprinting and homing . These activities are referred to as `` olfactory-mediated . '' Impairment of the olfactory system threatens survival and has been used as an ecologically relevant sub-lethal toxicological endpoint for fish within studies . Olfactory information is received by sensory neurons , like the olfactory nerve , that are in a covered cavity separated from the aquatic environment by mucus . Since they are in almost direct contact with the surrounding environment , these neurons are vulnerable to environmental changes . Fish can detect natural chemical cues in aquatic environments at concentrations as low as parts per billion ( ppb ) or parts per trillion ( ppt ) . Studies have shown that exposures to metals , pesticides , or surfactants can disrupt fish olfaction , which can impact their survival and reproductive success . Many studies have indicated copper as a source of olfactory toxicity in fishes , among other common substances . Olfactory toxicity can occur by multiple , complex Modes of Toxic Action .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "083a39f1cb1caeb43017f9d2d6258951", "text": "Exoskeleton An exoskeleton ( from Greek έξω , éxō `` outer '' and σκελετός , skeletos `` skeleton '' ) is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal 's body , in contrast to the internal skeleton ( endoskeleton ) of , for example , a human . In usage , some of the larger kinds of exoskeletons are known as `` shells '' . Examples of animals with exoskeletons include insects such as grasshoppers and cockroaches , and crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters . The shells of certain sponges and the various groups of shelled molluscs , including those of snails , clams , tusk shells , chitons and nautilus , are also exoskeletons . Some animals , such as the tortoise , have both an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e887e8fb2ba4811a2b3b85290cbbb68", "text": "Fish fin Fins are usually the most distinctive features of a fish . They are composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body with skin covering them and joining them together , either in a webbed fashion , as seen in most bony fish , or similar to a flipper , as seen in sharks . Apart from the tail or caudal fin , fish fins have no direct connection with the spine and are supported only by muscles . Their principal function is to help the fish swim . Fins located in different places on the fish serve different purposes such as moving forward , turning , keeping an upright position or stopping . Most fish use fins when swimming , flying fish use pectoral fins for gliding , and frogfish use them for crawling . Fins can also be used for other purposes ; male sharks and mosquitofish use a modified fin to deliver sperm , thresher sharks use their caudal fin to stun prey , reef stonefish have spines in their dorsal fins that inject venom , anglerfish use the first spine of their dorsal fin like a fishing rod to lure prey , and triggerfish avoid predators by squeezing into coral crevices and using spines in their fins to lock themselves in place . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c17452884e1687a98ebe369ee04a4ad0", "text": "Oarfish Oarfish are large , greatly elongated , pelagic lampriform fish belonging to the small family Regalecidae . Found in all temperate to tropical oceans yet rarely seen , the oarfish family contains four species in two genera . One of these , the giant oarfish ( Regalecus glesne ) , is the longest bony fish alive , growing up to 11 m in length . That is not enough to qualify as the longest fish , however , as some of the cartilaginous fish such as the basking shark and whale shark are even longer . The common name oarfish is thought to be in reference either to their highly compressed and elongated bodies , or to the now discredited belief that the fish `` row '' themselves through the water with their pelvic fins . The family name Regalecidae is derived from the Latin regalis , meaning `` royal '' . The occasional beachings of oarfish after storms , and their habit of lingering at the surface when sick or dying , make oarfish a probable source of many sea serpent tales . Although the larger species are considered game fish and are fished commercially to a minor extent , oarfish are rarely caught alive ; their flesh is not well regarded for eating due to its gelatinous consistency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9550ccbb7f8f6c39e4365e9266f3892b", "text": "Portia schultzi Portia schultzi is a jumping spider which ranges from South Africa in the south to Kenya in the north , and also is found in West Africa and Madagascar . In this species , which is slightly smaller than some other species of the genus Portia , the bodies of females are 5 to 7 mm long , while those of males are 4 to 6 mm long . The carapaces of both sexes are orange-brown with dark brown mottling , and covered with dark brown and whitish hairs lying over the surface . Males have white tufts on their thoraces and a broad white band above the bases of the legs , and these features are less conspicuous in females . Both sexes have tufts of orange to dark orange above the eyes , which are fringed with pale orange hairs . Males ' abdomens are yellow-orange to orange-brown with blackish mottling , and on the upper sides are black and light orange hairs , and nine white tufts . Those of females are pale yellow and have black markings with scattered white and orange-brown hairs on the upper side . P. schultzi has relativity longer legs than other Portia , and a `` lolloping '' gait . While most jumping spiders focus accurately up to about 75 cm away , P. schultzi responds to a maximum of about 10 cm in good light , and ignores everything in very subdued light . For prey , P. schultzi prefers web-based spiders , then jumping spiders , and finally insects . The females of P. schultzi and other Portia species build `` capture webs '' to catch prey , and often join their own webs on to web-based spiders to catch the other spiders or their prey . If a P. schultzi female is mature , a male P. schultzi will try to copulate with her , or cohabit with a subadult female and copulate while she is moulting . They usually mate on a web or on a dragline made by the female , and P. schultzi typically copulates for about 100 seconds , while others in the genus can take several minutes or even several hours . Females try to kill and eat their mates during or after copulation , and subadult females mimic adult females to attract males as prey . Contests between Portia females are violent , and embraces in P. schultzi typically take 20 to 60 seconds . Sometimes , one female knocks the other on her back and the other may be killed and eaten if she does not right herself quickly and run way . When hunting , P. schultzi mature females emit olfactory signals that reduce the risk that any other females , males , or juveniles of the same species may contend for the same prey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "406dbe96bcbb7828617f883f169bfafa", "text": "Teretoctopus Teretoctopus is a genus of octopuses in the family Octopodidae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fe7f31ae9e83bbed9c04a2356324b6b", "text": "Octopus wolfi Octopus wolfi is the smallest known octopus . It is found in fairly shallow waters in the western Pacific . It is characterised by a pattern of `` papillate fringes '' around the edge of the suckers near the arm tip . Its length is less than 2.5 cm and it weighs less than 1 g . It is found in the western Pacific Ocean at depths between 10 and .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f772750cba094e2261dffb6ac51c9922", "text": "Siphonophorae The Siphonophorae or Siphonophora , the siphonophores , are an order of the Hydrozoa , a class of marine animals belonging to the phylum Cnidaria . Although a siphonophore appears to be a single organism , each specimen is actually a colony composed of highly specialised individual animals called zooids . Most colonies are long , thin , transparent pelagic floaters . Some siphonophores superficially resemble jellyfish , one example being the venomous Portuguese man o ' war ( Physalia physalis ) . Another species of siphonophore , Praya dubia , is one of the longest animals in the world , with a body length of 40 -- . The term originates from the Greek siphōn `` tube '' + pherein `` to bear '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bc89ff1103c527c0f67ac51e19ab506", "text": "Ogre An ogre ( feminine ogress ) is a term used in myth and folk tales for a variety of abominable and brutish hominid monsters , informally large , unpleasant , grotesque , predatory , and typically cannibalistic towards normal human beings , infants , and children . Ogres and similar creatures feature in mythology , folklore , and fiction around the world , appearing in many classic works of literature and fairy tales . Ogres vary in size depending on the depiction , ranging from moderately large and heavyset by human standards to inhuman and disproportionate giants . Common features include oversized heads and mouths , animal-like bodily hair , discolored skin , extreme physical strength , a voracious appetite , and a generally hideous appearance , odor , and manner . Ogres overlap heavily with giants in mythology and may be considered a subtype thereof ; they also overlap with human cannibals in fiction . The villainous giant in `` Jack and the Beanstalk '' and `` Jack the Giant Killer '' matches an ogre in description and is sometimes directly termed an ogre in variants , and other man-eating giants such as those in The BFG and the Giant Despair in The Pilgrim 's Progress are highly comparable . Further examples of famous folktales featuring ogres include Puss in Boots abd `` Hop-o ' - My-Thumb '' ; while the most famous ogres in modern fiction are the eponymous main character Shrek and his wife Fiona from the animated comedy film series of the same name . Other characters and monsters sometimes comparable to or described as ogres in trait include the titular husband in `` Bluebeard '' , the Beast from `` Beauty and the Beast '' , `` Beowulf 's '' enemy Grendel , the Cyclops Polyphemus from Homer 's Odyssey , the related cyclops in the tales of `` Sinbad the Sailor '' , and the oni of Japanese folklore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4de7c4a52e91882afa733fa910e79cc6", "text": "Mollusc shell The mollusc ( or molluskOften spelled mollusk shell in the USA ; the spelling `` mollusc '' are preferred by ) shell is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses , supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca , which includes snails , clams , tusk shells , and several other classes . Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea ; many live on the land and in freshwater . The ancestral mollusc is thought to have had a shell , but this has subsequently been lost or reduced on some families , such as the squid , octopus , and some smaller groups such as the caudofoveata and solenogastres , and the highly derived Xenoturbella . Today , over 100,000 living species bear a shell ; there is some dispute as to whether these shell-bearing molluscs form a monophyletic group ( conchifera ) or whether shell-less molluscs are interleaved into their family tree . Malacology , the scientific study of molluscs as living organisms , has a branch devoted to the study of shells , and this is called conchology -- although these terms used to be , and to a minor extent still are , used interchangeably , even by scientists ( this is more common in Europe ) . Within some species of molluscs , there is often a wide degree of variation in the exact shape , pattern , ornamentation , and color of the shell .", "title": "" } ]	fever
127fb52f82da75cec6c924b0adbd010f	Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson designed Dungeons & Dragons.	[ { "docid": "5a0db8c1ef75a2e9dad1d11818acade6", "text": "Dungeons & Dragons Dungeons & Dragons ( abbreviated as D&D or DnD ) is a fantasy tabletop role-playing game ( RPG ) originally designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson , and first published in 1974 by Tactical Studies Rules , Inc. ( TSR ) . The game has been published by Wizards of the Coast ( now a subsidiary of Hasbro ) since 1997 . It was derived from miniature wargames with a variation of the Chainmail game serving as the initial rule system . D&D publication is commonly recognized as the beginning of modern role-playing games and the role-playing game industry . D&D departs from traditional wargaming and assigns each player a specific character to play instead of a military formation . These characters embark upon imaginary adventures within a fantasy setting . A Dungeon Master serves as the game 's referee and storyteller , while maintaining the setting in which the adventures occur and playing the role of the inhabitants . The characters form a party that interacts with the setting 's inhabitants ( and each other ) . Together they solve dilemmas , engage in battles and gather treasure and knowledge . In the process the characters earn experience points to become increasingly powerful over a series of sessions . The early success of Dungeons & Dragons led to a proliferation of similar game systems . Despite this competition , D&D remains the market leader in the role-playing game industry . In 1977 , the game was split into two branches : the relatively rules-light game system of Dungeons & Dragons and the more structured , rules-heavy game system of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons ( abbreviated as AD&D or ADnD ) . AD&D 2nd Edition was published in 1989 . In 2000 , the original line of the game was discontinued and the AD&D version was renamed Dungeons & Dragons with the release of its 3rd edition with a new system . These rules formed the basis of the d20 System which is available under the Open Game License ( OGL ) for use by other publishers . Dungeons & Dragons version 3.5 was released in June 2003 , with a ( non-OGL ) 4th edition in June 2008 . A 5th edition was released during the second half of 2014 . , Dungeons & Dragons remained the best-known and best-selling role-playing game , with an estimated 20 million people having played the game and more than US$ 1 billion in book and equipment sales . The game has been supplemented by many pre-made adventures as well as commercial campaign settings suitable for use by regular gaming groups . Dungeons & Dragons is known beyond the game for other D&D - branded products , references in popular culture , and some of the controversies that have surrounded it , particularly a moral panic in the 1980s falsely linking it to Satanism and suicide . The game has won multiple awards and has been translated into many languages beyond the original English .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a432142754f9325faadc372567211037", "text": "Glorantha Glorantha is a fantasy world created by Greg Stafford . It was first introduced in the board game White Bear and Red Moon ( 1975 ) by Chaosium , and thereafter in a number of other board , roleplaying and computer games , including RuneQuest and HeroQuest , as well as several works of fiction and the computer strategy game King of Dragon Pass . The Gloranthan world is characterised by its complex use of mythology , heavily influenced by the universalist approaches of Joseph Campbell and Mircea Eliade , its Howardian ethos , its long and distinctive history as a setting for role-playing games , its community development and expansion , and ( unusual among early American fantasy role-playing games ) its relative lack of Tolkienesque influence . Stafford began imagining Glorantha in 1966 as a way to deepen his own understanding of mythology . He founded the company Chaosium to publish the board wargame White Bear and Red Moon in 1974 ( other sources say 1975 ) , which was set in Glorantha . Chaosium later published other games in the setting , including the critically acclaimed RuneQuest . Various later editions of RuneQuest , the narrative role-playing game HeroQuest ( the first edition of which was published as Hero Wars ) , and the video game King of Dragon Pass were also set in Glorantha , as were several prominent fan efforts . Stafford has also explored the Gloranthan setting in the fantasy novel King of Sartar and a number of unfinished works published under the collective name of `` the Stafford Library '' . In Glorantha , magic operates from the everyday level of prayers and charms to the creation and maintenance of the world . Heroes make their way in the world , and may also venture into metaphysical realms to gain knowledge and power , at the risk of body and soul . In the more recent material competing magical outlooks , such as theism , shamanism and mysticism , exist to explain the world . Within each metaphysical system , adherents may also compete - such as when theistic worshipers of rival gods battle each other . The world is flat , with a dome-like sky , and it has been shaped in large and small ways by the mythic actions of the gods . The ` historical ' world of Glorantha is in a more or less fallen state , having recovered only partially from a universal battle against Chaos in the mythic Godtime . Humans are the dominant race , but other sentient beings abound . Some , such as the mystic dragonewts , are unique to Glorantha . Familiar nonhuman races , such as elves and dwarves , are distinct from their common , Tolkienesque portrayals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54d83e46df36bd76eaa55f293f09c508", "text": "Adventure! (role-playing game) Adventure ! is a role-playing game designed and published by Tori Bergquist in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4253533aa11ccdb290aba6136cdc7275", "text": "Grenadier Models Inc. Grenadier Models Inc. of Springfield , Pennsylvania produced lead miniature figures for wargames and role-playing games with fantasy , science fiction and heroic themes between 1975 and 1996 . Grenadier Models Inc. is best known for their figures for TSR , Inc. 's Advanced Dungeons & Dragons game , collectible Dragon-of-the-Month and Giants Club figures , and their marketing of paint and miniature sets through traditional retail outlets . The company began as a basement enterprise , but by 1983 they had grown to a staff of 50 people and had the third highest gross sales in the expanding gaming market . Grenadier 's sculptors included John Dennett , Janine Bennett , Julie Guthrie , Robert Watts , Nick Lund , Mark Copplestone , Michael Daley , Sandra Garrity , Bob Naismith , William Watt and Ian Symonds . Grenadier closed its doors in 1996 , but many of their products remain in production by companies in the UK , Italy and the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34195deb303eb660b62e1bd4bf335d05", "text": "Run (magazine) Run was an American computer magazine published monthly by IDG Communications with its first issue debuting in January 1984 . Bi-monthly publishing began in June/July 1990 ( issue # 78 , volume 7 number 6 ) , and went on until the magazine folded in November/December 1992 ( issue # 94 , volume 9 number 6 ) . In its heyday , Runs monthly circulation was in the 200,000 -- 300,000 range . Folio , the trade journal of the magazine industry , rated it as the second fastest-growing U.S. magazine of 1985 . The magazine contained articles about Commodore 8-bit home computers and peripherals , as well as reviews on available software packages for the computers . In addition , every issue featured several type-in programs written in BASIC and/or machine language . The magazine 's name came from the BASIC command `` RUN '' , which started execution of the computer 's program , presumably typed in from the magazine . Major Run columns included the following : Magic , perhaps the magazine 's most distinctive feature , was a collection of short programs , programming tips , and tricks , mostly submitted by readers . Several dozen were published each month , and they were all numbered in hexadecimal , with each issue 's numbering taking over where the last one had left off . Readers could write to Magic at P.O. Box 101011 , a box number chosen for its binary appearance . Often , a `` special issue '' published at the end of the year would collect the year 's Magic entries and augment them with many unpublished ones . This column , created and compiled by Louis F. Sander , debuted in the first issue and was run during the entire life of the magazine . Mega-Magic was a monthly column that included type-in programming utilities larger and more powerful than those in the standard Magic columns . Commodore Clinic , a letters column , allowed users to write in with questions about hardware and software issues , which would then be answered in the magazine . Run Amok was an errata column that published corrections to previous type-in programs and articles . Software Gallery reviewed various commercial software packages . 128 Mode , taken over from Commodore 's own magazine when it was purchased by Run , included programming advice and short type-ins for the Commodore 128 . Gold Mine was another Louis F. Sander column taken over from Commodore 's magazine . It featured tips and tricks for commercial games . Mike Konshak , a BASIC software developer and mechanical engineer contributed the popular DataFile database management program and many other utilities for the Commodore 64 to Run . The code was first published in the back of the November 1984 issue . A small note , written by Mike at the end of the article , stated `` If you do n't want to type this in , send me $ 6.00 and I 'll send you a disk '' . 1500 Run subscribers sent Mike money in the first month , which prompted the editors to create the `` Re-Run '' disk to generate more revenue for the publisher . A series of a dozen follow-on article by Mike were published in the ensuing two years , and the programs were exclusively sold on Run '' s Re-Run disk , as the editors restricted authors from soliciting for disks in the magazine from then on . ( Datafile then evolved into dFile64 , dFile128 , dFcalc , DFword , etc. , and sold by Mike Konshak through his small company , MichaelSoft `` A cottage Industry of Home-Spun Software '' ) . The demise of the magazine was due to the public 's dwindling interest in 8-bit machines as the computer world evolved to 16-bit and standardized on the IBM PC compatible platform for both business and home use . The front cover was originally accented by a logotype reading `` RUN '' , with each letter placed on a key button resembling those used on the C-64 . In June 1987 the keys were removed and the font became italicized with rounded letters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd301b0a0a12e142d6dd19c8747d41a2", "text": "Dragonstomper Dragonstomper is a role-playing video game programmed by Stephen Landrum and published in 1982 by Starpath . It was developed for the Atari 2600 video game system . Making use of the Starpath Supercharger , an analog cassette-based peripheral , Dragonstomper was perhaps the truest RPG for the Atari 2600 , which also had Raiders of the Lost Ark , and Adventure . Dragonstomper follows the adventures of a dragon hunter who is given a quest by the king to defeat a dragon and reclaim a magical amulet that was stolen . The player makes his way over the countryside vanquishing various adversaries and gaining gold and experience . After gaining strength , the player enters a shop in an oppressed village where equipment can be purchased , soldiers hired , and special scrolls obtained to defeat the dragon in its lair . The final leg of the journey traverses into the dragon 's lair where he must avoid a series of traps strewn throughout the cave and defeat the dragon . In November 2005 , Ed Lin writing for Forbes named `` Dragonstomper '' as `` the best title ever made in the history of U.S. videogaming '' by a single person . Lin singled out the game 's ingenuity , noting that '' -LSB- t -RSB- here were multiple ways to solve problems . One could descend to the dragon 's lair on a rope or simply jump down ( and absorb some damage ) . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76a4a1b96c0606f6585b811d64da50c7", "text": "Blackmoor (campaign setting) Blackmoor is a fantasy role-playing game campaign setting generally associated with the game Dungeons & Dragons . It originated in the early 1970s as the personal setting of Dave Arneson , the co-creator of Dungeons & Dragons , first as a setting for Arneson 's miniature wargames , then as an early testing ground for what would become D&D .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e475c766117cbe9c9db02625d8cc802", "text": "Sorcerian is an action role-playing game developed by Nihon Falcom , and the fifth in the Dragon Slayer line of games . It was originally released for the NEC PC-8801 in 1987 , and was later ported to other personal computer platforms such as the NEC PC-9801 , the NEC PC-88VA , the Sharp X1 Turbo , and the MSX2 , for which it was released under the title Dragon Slayer V : Sorcerian . An English version for MS-DOS PCs was published by Sierra Entertainment in 1990 , ports for the Atari ST , Commodore Amiga , Apple IIGS and Macintosh platforms were announced , but not released . In , Falcom released Sorcerian Forever for Microsoft Windows-based PCs . In , Falcom released Sorcerian Original , a remake of Sorcerian for Microsoft Windows-based PCs . In addition , console versions of Sorcerian with somewhat differing content from their PC counterparts were developed : A version for the Mega Drive was developed by Sega , a version for the PC Engine CD was developed by Victor Musical Industries , and a version for the Dreamcast was developed by Victor Interactive Software .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87374d89d72ef396a24e0b5ae7152d9a", "text": "List of Fighting Fantasy gamebooks Fighting Fantasy is a series of single-player fantasy roleplay gamebooks created by Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone . The first volume in the series was published by Puffin in 1982 , with the rights to the franchise eventually being purchased by Wizard Books in 2002 . The series distinguished itself by featuring a fantasy role-playing element , with the caption on each cover claiming each title was `` a Fighting Fantasy gamebook in which YOU are the hero ! '' The popularity of the series led to the creation of merchandise such as action figures , board games , role-playing game systems , magazines , novels and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ea4fbed902ee8bb4edb2526e6fc3d55", "text": "Political states of Greyhawk The first set of political states of Greyhawk were created in 1979 by Gary Gygax and published in 1980 as the folio edition of the World of Greyhawk Fantasy Game Setting for the game of Dungeons & Dragons . Although the City of Greyhawk and the states that immediately surrounded it were drawn from Gygax 's home campaign , Gygax created the rest of the regions and states for the folio edition , bringing the total number to sixty :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f6c24ae89f2bcb82390b9b67e1ad503", "text": "List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years . In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "665a8076f48a605dadb4d6deb8dbb030", "text": "Prisoners of the Maze Prisoners of the Maze is a fantasy role-playing game adventure module .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c22e9dca5143c4c6d7a10504a044a888", "text": "The Adventure Zone The Adventure Zone is a fortnightly comedy and adventure podcast based upon the popular Dungeons & Dragons game series . The show is distributed by the Maximum Fun network and hosted by brothers Justin , Travis , and Griffin McElroy , and father Clint McElroy . Regular episodes of the podcast feature the family solving puzzles , fighting enemies , and leveling up their characters in a series of cinematic and humorous encounters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cba51bb45d53d8778e4876fa9436e14", "text": "Triton (Dungeons & Dragons) Tritons are a fictional species in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49edc0e25c4d6f1b4445da248df86afe", "text": "Corporate design A corporate design ( CD ) is the official graphical design of the logo and name of a company or institution used on letterheads , envelopes , forms , folders , brochures , etc. . The house style is created in such a way that all the elements are arranged in a distinctive design and pattern . This includes dictating what ink pantones should be used in the coloring , and what typefaces . Governments may have corporate designs as well . On June 2 , 1999 , the German federal cabinet introduced a corporate design for the flag of Germany . The term ` corporate design ' is not the name of a specific design profession . Corporations do have special design needs based on their behaviors . They communicate their mission , objectives , needs , and product information -- with users , clients , or members ; with suppliers , distributors , service providers ; with the surrounding community and the media ; with financial institutions and other corporations , and with the state . They create , acquire , modify , organize and distribute large amounts of information and raw data , as well as goods and services . ( Sometimes the goods or services are themselves information . For example , The Yellow Pages , or The New York Times . ) A designer whose client is a corporation will include the logo and other elements of the corporate brand as a way to standardize and unify all communication between company and audience , whether in print or online . Scenarios that includes human-computer interactions take place through software and hardware user interfaces that are also branded and designed with the corporate culture in mind . ( Examples of user scenarios : update the Web site , transfer funds , document procedures , control security , operate machinery , plan projects , conduct virtual meetings , check inventory , fill an order , or ship a product . ) These interactions are increasingly taking place through Web sites , through mobile devices and at dedicated terminals , and may include sound , video , animation and user feedback mechanisms . A savvy designer will create designs that can be adapted to all of these applications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ceca22cd2b613077e8f0c4f61259a5c2", "text": "Imperium Games Imperium Games was an American game company that produced role-playing games and game supplements .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd5304185e43975278a4ba17d6134fb4", "text": "GST Computer Systems GST was a group of computer companies based in Cambridge , England , founded by Dr Jeff Fenton in June 1979 . The company worked with Sinclair Research , Torch Computers , Acorn Computers , Monotype Corporation and Kwik-Fit , amongst others . The group included : GST Computer Systems : the original name of the company . GST Professional Services : a software consultancy that was sold and became OTIB A.T. GST Software Products : produced retail software , most notably Timeworks Publisher . GST Training Centre : a class based software training provider in Cambridgeshire , UK . Electric Software : a games software label , producing titles for home computers such as the Commodore 64 , Sinclair ZX Spectrum and MSX-compatible models in the early 1980s . GST Computer Systems started as a contract software development company . In 1983 , it became involved with Sinclair Research , producing the 68K/OS operating system ( later rejected by Sinclair ) and development software for the Sinclair QL . In 1985 it was approached by Atari to port products from the QL on to the just to be launched Atari ST. The word processing package 1st Word was bundled with every Atari ST for the first two years of its life and GST became the leading software supplier for the Atari ST platform . In 1987 GST developed its first desktop publishing application , Timeworks Publisher . This was sold in the USA by Timeworks , Inc. ( a Chicago based software publisher ) as Publish-It ! . This product went on to become the world-leading budget DTP product until competition from Microsoft Publisher in 1993 caused the eventual demise of Timeworks , Inc. . The product was sold under new names including NEBS PageMagic ( changed after objections from Adobe ) , Macmillan Publisher , Canon Publisher , and many other brands , distinguished by use of the . DTP file extension . The latest version was sold as Greenstreet Publisher 4 and is upwards file compatible with earlier versions . In 2001 GST merged with eGames Europe as a new company , Greenstreet Software . It remains a developer and publisher of computer software for Windows operating systems . In July 2008 the company was reconstructed and now trades as Greenstreet Online Limited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec4fb46a66f9e271ad500af60af227f9", "text": "Dragon (magazine) Dragon is one of the two official magazines for source material for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game and associated products ; Dungeon is the other . TSR , Inc. originally launched the monthly printed magazine in 1976 to succeed the company 's earlier publication , The Strategic Review . The final printed issue was # 359 in September 2007 . Shortly after the last print issue shipped in mid-August 2007 , Wizards of the Coast ( part of Hasbro , Inc. ) , the publication 's current intellectual property rightsholder , relaunched Dragon as an online magazine , continuing on the numbering of the print edition . The last published issue was No. 430 in December 2013 . A digital publication called Dragon + , which replaces the Dragon magazine , launched in 2015 . It is created by Dialect in collaboration with Wizards of the Coast , and restarted the numbering system for issues at No. 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34ecaa2dc7ab1011645d155b4e338e98", "text": "The Elixir of Life The Elixir of Life is an adventure module published in 1983 for the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f90954a21938241184d233148fd16f68", "text": "AD&D Masterpiece Collection The AD&D Masterpiece Collection is a collection of roleplaying games for Microsoft Windows , produced by Mindscape/SSI in 1996 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3775996544a5563df722585a6b2aa9a7	The BRIT School is dependent on and under the authority of local and national government.	[ { "docid": "bde3a7624065eba5715ba81e25008bb4", "text": "Independent school An independent school is a school that is independent in its finances and governance ; it is usually not dependent upon national or local government to finance its operations , nor reliant on taxpayer contributions , and is instead funded by a combination of tuition charges , donations , and in some cases the investment yield of an endowment . It is typically governed by a board of governors that is elected independently of government , and has a system of governance that ensures its independent operation . The terms independent school and private school are often synonymous in popular usage outside the United Kingdom . Independent schools may have a religious affiliation , but the more precise usage of the term excludes parochial and other schools if there is a financial dependence upon or governance subordinate to outside organizations . These definitions generally apply equally to institutions of primary and secondary education . ( Tertiary education is provided by universities rather than schools . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f652d25252bdb88603bc44d51f2b6ae", "text": "BRIT School The BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology is a British performing arts and technology school located in Selhurst , Croydon , in the London Borough of Croydon , England , with a mandate to provide education and vocational training for the performing arts , media , art and design and the technologies that make performance possible . Selective in its intake , the school is notable for its numerous famous alumni including Marsha Ambrosius , Adele , Tara McDonald , Leo the Lion , Stefan Abingdon , Katy B , The Feeling , Imogen Heap , Jessie J , Cush Jumbo , Rizzle Kicks , the Kooks , King Krule , Loyle Carner , Leona Lewis , Eman Kellam , Raye , Ashley Madekwe , Katie Melua , Kate Nash , Shingai Shoniwa , Amy Winehouse , Ella Eyre , Rainy Milo , Antonio Orozco , and Tom Holland . Established in 1992 under the CTC programme , the school is funded by the British Government with support from the British Record Industry Trust and maintains an independent school status from the local education authority . The school is remarkable as being one of only two performing arts and technology schools in the country that are free to attend , the others being both in the West Midlands . Walsall Studio School and Birmingham Ormiston Academy .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6e9e57a491befdd0f87a8593613651ce", "text": "British International School, Riyadh British International School , Riyadh ( BISR ) is a fee-paying international school located in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia . It caters for English-speaking boys and girls aged 3 to 18 and follows the National Curriculum of UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b0ee16f492b7674ee56c6c46ecbfcf6", "text": "Warrington Borough Council Warrington Borough Council is the local authority of Warrington . It is a unitary authority , having the powers of a non-metropolitan county and district council combined . It provides a full range of local government services including Council Tax billing , libraries , social services , processing planning applications , waste collection and disposal , and it is a local education authority . In September 2016 , Warrington Borough Council became one of the first local councils in the UK to buy clean-tech bonds in Swindon Solar Park through its owner , specialist investment management firm Rockfire Capital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2767a26249ddd914dc1b18a43aee7b3", "text": "Young People's Learning Agency The Young People 's Learning Agency for England , commonly referred to as the Young People 's Learning Agency ( YPLA ) , was a UK government body , based in Coventry , which funded further education for 16 - to 19-year-olds in England . It closed on 31 March 2012 , when its responsibilities were transferred to the newly created Education Funding Agency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f869c279dd92afb3067030f0a54cdb25", "text": "Defence Council of the United Kingdom The Defence Council of the United Kingdom is the body legally entrusted with the defence of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories and with control over the British armed forces , and is part of the Ministry of Defence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c29c23eec38448680c520f4de3990d8", "text": "London Councils London Councils is the local government association for Greater London , England . It is a cross-party organisation that represents London 's 32 borough councils and the City of London . It was formed in 1995 as a merger of the London Boroughs Association and the Association of London Authorities . In April 2000 it gained further functions as strategic local government in London was reorganised . London Councils is a think tank and lobbying organisation , and also provides some services directly through legislation that allows multiple local authorities to pool responsibility and funding . London Councils is based at 59 1/2 Southwark Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26eedbd675cddcab3ae649501e5f06e4", "text": "National Association of British Schools in Spain The National Association of British Schools in Spain ( NABSS , Asociación Nacional de Colegios Británicos en España ) is an association of British independent schools operating in Spain . NABSS enjoys an affiliation with the British Council in Spain , and many NABSS schools are also members of the Council of British International Schools and the European Council of International Schools . Founded in 1978 , NABSS members are British schools that are fully authorised by the Spanish Ministry of Education , and recognised by the British Council and its official inspectorate . The association regularly inspects its members and offers training for Heads and teachers of its schools . There is also an annual NABSS conference . NABSS schools offer a range of British qualifications to students , including GCSEs , AS and A Levels . Most also organise UCAS applications to universities in the UK . The association is organised by an elected committee , made up of head teachers and proprietors of NABSS member schools .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "debeb411846dbd2a91e0d984fb56ced8", "text": "Victorian School Building Authority The Victorian School Building Authority ( VSBA ) is a statutory authority of the Government of Victoria which is responsible for the construction of new government schools and infrastructure improvements at existing schools . It was established by the Andrews Government as part of the 2016 Victorian Budget . A number of the VSBA 's new schools are so-called `` vertical schools '' on inner city sites , a previously unexplored concept in Victoria . The authority has also been implicated in a controversy about the removal of trees at the request of the Melbourne Cricket Club during the construction of Beaumaris Secondary College .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62b2802d7835ba0a7eb0c7d20836aadb", "text": "Academia Británica Cuscatleca The Academia Británica Cuscatleca ( ABC ) is a mixed bi-lingual bi-cultural school from Pre-Kinder to Grade 12 situated in Santa Tecla , El Salvador . The school has approximately 1,500 students in the Primary and Secondary Schools . The student body is mainly Central American with an increasing number of other international students . The language of instruction throughout the school is English with Spanish being used for a small number of classes . The school is accredited by the Council of International Schools , is an International Baccalaureate Diploma school , follows the International Primary Curriculum and a full International General Certificate of Secondary Education programme ( IGCSE ) . The United Kingdom Department for Education number of the school is 7036495 . The ABC is the school of the Fundación Escolar Británico Salvadoreña , a non-profit foundation established in 1970 to provide a British/Salvadoran international style education . The school is values based seeking to develop `` responsible outstanding citizens '' who will make a difference in the world . The school recently received the Values-based education Quality Mark following a visit by Dr. Neil Hawkes . The school actively promotes its agreed shared values through all aspect of school life . The school 's motto is ` effort leads to success ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e21da5415e4db6432fe54fc5461b3bb", "text": "Politics of Wales Politics in Wales forms a distinctive polity in the wider politics of the United Kingdom , with Wales as one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom ( UK ) . Constitutionally , the United Kingdom is de jure a unitary state with one sovereign parliament and government . However , under a system of devolution ( or home rule ) adopted in the late 1990s three of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland , voted for limited self-government , subject to the ability of the UK Parliament in Westminster , nominally at will , to amend , change , broaden or abolish the national governmental systems . As such the National Assembly for Wales ( Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru ) is not de jure sovereign . Executive power in the United Kingdom is vested in the Queen-in-Council , while legislative power is vested in the Queen-in-Parliament ( the Crown and the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster in London ) . The Government of Wales Act 1998 established devolution in Wales , and certain executive and legislative powers have been constitutionally delegated to the National Assembly for Wales . The scope of these powers was further widened by the Government of Wales Act 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a6410faa3dde2f2bda1ac8b6e9290ff", "text": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education The Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education ( ESE ) , sometimes referred to as the Massachusetts Department of Education , is the state education agency for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , identified by the U.S. Department of Education . It is responsible for public education at the elementary and secondary levels . The agency has its headquarters in Malden . It is governed by the Massachusetts Board of Education .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d23fd5cfeab2e1c4125ebec3fb23ca82", "text": "Financial secretary Financial secretary is an administrative and executive government position within the governance of a State , corporation , private or public organization , small group or other body with financial assets . A financial secretary oversees policy concerning the flow of financial resources like money in and out of an organization . The officer sometimes determines policy concerning the purchase or sale of goods and services , collection of dues and employment . The officer implements policy with the cooperation of other executives . Financial Secretary can also be the title of a cabinet member in a number of former and current British dependencies . This is the case in Hong Kong ( see Financial Secretary ( Hong Kong ) ) , Jamaica , Montserrat , Saint Helena , etc. . In the United Kingdom , the Financial Secretary to the Treasury is a junior minister position but the office holder attends the meetings of the cabinet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "804db23614d605a8722d95b6e77599c3", "text": "British intelligence agencies The Government of the United Kingdom maintains intelligence agencies within several different government departments . The agencies are responsible for collecting and producing foreign and domestic intelligence , providing military intelligence , performing espionage and counter-espionage . Their intelligence assessments contribute to the conduct of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom , maintaining the national security of the United Kingdom , military planning and law enforcement in the United Kingdom . The three main agencies are the Secret Intelligence Service ( MI6 ) , the Security Service ( MI5 ) , and the Government Communications Headquarters . The history of the organisations goes back to the 19th century . The decryption of the Zimmermann Telegram in 1917 was described as the most significant intelligence triumph for Britain during World War I , and one of the earliest occasions on which a piece of signals intelligence influenced world events . During the Second World War and afterwards , many observers regarded Ultra as immensely valuable to the Allies of World War II . In the post-war period , intelligence cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States became the cornerstone of Western intelligence gathering and the `` Special Relationship '' between the UK and the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd7d94fa6fb5414071ee147487c812b1", "text": "Education in the United Kingdom Education in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments : the UK Government is directly responsible for England ; whilst the Scottish Government , the Welsh Government and the Northern Ireland Executive are responsible for Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , respectively . In England and Wales , the EYFS ( Early Years Foundation Stage ) is applicable to children aged 5 and below , and the national curriculum is applicable to children aged 5 + . For details of education in each country , see : Education in England Education in Northern Ireland Education in Scotland Education in Wales", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47c8dd9cbce87d2ee70b5475f02f8e76", "text": "Everything which is not forbidden is allowed `` Everything which is not forbidden is allowed '' is a constitutional principle of English law -- an essential freedom of the ordinary citizen or subject . The converse principle -- `` everything which is not allowed is forbidden '' -- used to apply to public authorities , whose actions were limited to the powers explicitly granted to them by law . The restrictions on local authorities were lifted by the Localism Act 2011 which granted a `` general power of competence '' to local authorities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "140ce50be313d7ea36074a20d04d401d", "text": "Summer term Summer term is the summer academic term at many British schools and universities and elsewhere in the world . In the UK , ` Summer term ' runs from the Easter holiday until the end of the academic year in June or July , and thus corresponds to the Easter term at Cambridge University , and Trinity term at Oxford , Dublin and some other places . ` Summer term ' is defined in some UK statutory instruments , such as the Education ( Assessment Regulations ) ( Foundation to Key Stage 3 ) Order ( Northern Ireland ) 2007 , which says : `` summer term '' means the period commencing immediately after the Easter holiday and ending with the school year . The Education ( National Curriculum ) ( Key Stage 1 Assessment Arrangements ) ( England ) Order 2004 says more simply : `` summer term '' means the final term of the school year . Covering the possibility of six-term academic years , the School Finance ( England ) Regulations 2008 say `` summer term '' means the third term of the school year where a school has three terms , or the fifth and sixth terms where a school has six terms", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d86e6c88c9879eb61076a66d9519304", "text": "School Captain School Captain is a student appointed or elected to represent the school in some cases the title is ` Head of School ' . This student , usually becomes the captain in the senior year , ( Year 12 , in secondary and Year 6 in primary schools ) in their final year of attending that school . It is similar to `` Student Body President '' in the United States , it is the senior representative of a school 's pupils , and the school , in the community . School captains are mainly found in British Empire legacy school systems : Australia , Canada , New Zealand , South Africa , India , Zimbabwe for example -LSB- -LSB- divine grace high school in india still appoints school captains as representative of the students body . The School captain is chosen from the Lower Sixth formers by ballot , students vote in their respective hostels which are considered as constituencies and staff members also cast their votes . After election the Incumbent officially hands over his duties to the elected school captain on first day of October three to four weeks before public examinations start to enable the outgoing school captain to concentrate on his school work . It is not , however , usually used in the United Kingdom itself , where head girl and head boy are used .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "351b1bf8aa36c30f19e84a51663ffb3d", "text": "List of national parks of England and Wales Within England and Wales there are thirteen areas known as national parks , each administered by its own national park authority , a special purpose local authority , the role of which as set out in the Environment Act 1995 is : to conserve and enhance the natural beauty , wildlife and cultural heritage of the National Parks . and to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the National Parks by the public . The national park authority for each park addresses these aims in partnership with other organisations , such as the National Trust . In cases where there may be conflict between the two purposes of designation , the first must take precedence under the Sandford Principle . The national park authorities also have a duty to foster the economic and social wellbeing of communities in pursuit of these purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b058561ea9150d6f24c715bf2eeaa3", "text": "Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . They are independently administered jurisdictions , and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self-governing possessions of the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ) . Internationally , the dependencies are considered `` territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible '' , rather than sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However , they do have relationships with the Commonwealth , the European Union , and other international organisations , and are members of the British -- Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . They are not part of the European Union ( EU ) , although they are within the EU 's customs area . As the Crown dependencies are not sovereign states , the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the government of the United Kingdom . However they each have their own legislative assemblies , with the power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown ( Privy Council , or in the case of the Isle of Man in certain circumstances the Lieutenant-Governor ) . In each case , the head of government is referred to as the Chief Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743a0e163da5f0c80a9d24777d439a86", "text": "Northern Council for Further Education NCFE , previously the Northern Council for Further Education , is an Awarding Organisation nationally recognised by the qualification regulators for each country in the United Kingdom . In England , NCFE is regulated by the Office of the Qualifications and Examinations Regulator , whilst the Welsh Government regulate in Wales . Finally , the regulators in Northern Ireland are the Council for Curriculum , Examinations and Assessment . Also a registered educational charity , NCFE is responsible for the design , development and certification of qualifications and awards that are nationally recognised . The qualifications NCFE offer range from Entry Level up to Level 7 . NCFE 's range of qualifications include both vocational and academic courses .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4ed0d447e594960f8923c69b130abe4a	Red Headed Stranger had an impact on the series Edge of Darkness.	[ { "docid": "e737793e58430eeab90d2458939ceef4", "text": "Red Headed Stranger Red Headed Stranger is a 1975 album by American outlaw country singer Willie Nelson . After the wide success of his recordings with Atlantic Records , coupled with the negotiating skills of his manager , Neil Reshen , Nelson signed a contract with Columbia Records , a label that gave him total creative control over his works . The concept for the album was inspired by the `` Tale of the Red Headed Stranger '' , a song that Nelson used to play as a disk jockey on his program in Fort Worth , Texas . After signing with Columbia he decided to record the song , and arranged the details during his return to Austin , Texas , from a trip to Colorado . It was recorded at low cost at Autumn Sound Studios in Garland , Texas . The songs featured sparse arrangements , largely limited to Nelson 's guitar , piano and drums . Nelson presented the finished material to Columbia executives , who were dubious about releasing an album that they at first thought was a demo . However , Nelson had creative control , so no further production was added . A concept album , Red Headed Stranger is about a fugitive on the run from the law after killing his wife and her lover . The content consists of songs with brief poetic lyrics and arrangements of older material such as Fred Rose 's `` Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain '' , Wolfe Gilbert 's `` Down Yonder '' and Juventino Rosas ' `` O'er the Waves '' . Despite Columbia 's doubts and the limited instrumentation , Red Headed Stranger was a blockbuster among country music and mainstream audiences . It was certified multi-platinum , and made Nelson one of the most recognized artists in country music . The cover of `` Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain '' , released as a single previous to the album full release became Nelson 's first number one hit . The title of the album would become a lasting nickname for Nelson . It was ranked # 183 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , and number one on CMT 's 40 Greatest Albums in Country Music . In 2010 it was inducted to the National Recording Registry . In 1986 Nelson starred as the Red Headed Stranger in a movie of the same name , based on the story of the album . The album has had a strong cultural impact ; the song `` Time of the Preacher '' has been used often in the series Edge of Darkness , and its lyrics were used as well in the first issue of the comic Preacher .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "45673670519361b57f78f77d5975c384", "text": "Impact (miniseries) Impact is a 2009 Canadian action disaster miniseries directed by Mike Rohl , written by Michael Vickerman and distributed by Tandem Communications , starring David James Elliott , Natasha Henstridge , Benjamin Sadler , Steven Culp , James Cromwell and Florentine Lahme as the story shows about a meteor shower which eventually sends the moon on a collision course with Earth . The two-part ( Episodes were called Nights ) mini-series premiered February 14 and 15 , 2009 on the Canadian premium television channel Super Channel and was also shown on ABC on June 21 and 28 , 2009 and on Alpha TV on September 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41b62a1304f54abe1b8d7cc16b3aa322", "text": "From Darkness From Darkness is a British psychological crime drama that premiered on BBC One on October 4 , 2015 . The series stars Anne-Marie Duff as former police officer Claire Church . A total of four episodes were broadcast . The series was both critically and commercially panned , leading to the likeliness of a second season materializing being very slim . A DVD of the complete series was released on November 9 , 2015 . Internationally , the series premiered in Australia on November 1 , 2015 , on BBC First .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "deb6c2b7aea169a3dd6d956a94991a50", "text": "Red edge Red edge refers to the region of rapid change in reflectance of vegetation in the near infrared range of electromagnetic spectrum . Chlorophyll contained in vegetation absorbs most of the light in the visible part of the spectrum but becomes almost transparent at wavelengths greater than 700 nm . This way , vegetation cellular structure takes its major part in the reflectance because each cell acts like an elementary corner reflector . This effects in that rapid change that can be from 5 % to 50 % reflectance between 680 nm to 730 nm . For a more detailed explanation and a graph of the photosynthetically active radiation ( PAR ) spectral region , see the NDVI rationale . The phenomenon accounts for the brightness of foliage in infrared photography and is extensively utilized in the form of so-called vegetation indices ( e.g. NDVI ) . It is used in remote sensing to monitor plant activity , and it has been suggested that it could be useful to detect light-harvesting organisms on distant planets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876022af87f647b87f58627e959d35fd", "text": "Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' . The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb973d29d350eead8663d98c2b870f06", "text": "Shadows in the Moonlight (story) `` Shadows in the Moonlight '' is one of the original short stories starring the fictional sword and sorcery hero Conan the Cimmerian , written by American author Robert E. Howard and first published in Weird Tales magazine in April 1934 . Howard originally named his story `` Iron Shadows in the Moon '' . It is set in the pseudo-historical Hyborian Age and concerns Conan escaping to a remote island in the Vilayet Sea where he encounters the Red Brotherhood , a skulking creature , and mysterious iron statues . The story was republished in the collections Conan the Barbarian ( Gnome Press , 1954 ) and Conan the Freebooter ( Lancer Books , 1968 ) . It has more recently been published in the collections The Conan Chronicles Volume 1 : The People of the Black Circle ( Gollancz , 2000 ) and Conan of Cimmeria : Volume One ( 1932-1933 ) ( Del Rey , 2003 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca9e7c60c83501d1abbe9b61c332a6c4", "text": "The Last Dangerous Visions The Last Dangerous Visions is a mooted sequel to the science fiction short story anthologies Dangerous Visions and Again , Dangerous Visions , originally published in 1967 and 1972 respectively . Like the first two , it was scheduled to be edited by Harlan Ellison . The projected third collection was started but , controversially , is yet to be finished . It has become something of a legend in science fiction as the genre 's most famous unpublished book . It was originally announced for publication in 1973 , but other work demanded Ellison 's attention , and the anthology has not seen print to date . He has come under criticism for his treatment of some writers who submitted their stories to him , who some estimate to number nearly 150 . Many of these writers have since died . Various difficulties delayed publication many times . As recently as May 2007 , Ellison said he still wants to get the book out . British author Christopher Priest , whose story `` An Infinite Summer '' had been accepted for the collection , wrote a lengthy critique of Ellison 's failure to complete the LDV project . It was first published by Priest as a one-shot fanzine called The Last Deadloss Visions , a pun on the title of Priest 's own fanzine , Deadloss . It proved so popular that it had a total of three printings in the UK and later , in book form , as the 1995 Hugo Award nominated The Book on the Edge of Forever ( an allusion to Ellison 's Star Trek episode , `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' ) by American publisher Fantagraphics Books . The essay is available online at the Internet Archive mirror of the original site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89434439fceb94bad31e862cf0d2ccc3", "text": "In a Mirror, Darkly `` In a Mirror , Darkly '' is the eighteenth and nineteenth episodes of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Enterprise , and originally aired on April 22 and 29 , 2005 . This installment was developed to be a sequel to The Original Series episode `` The Tholian Web '' and a prequel to `` Mirror , Mirror '' . The decision to set an Enterprise episode in the mirror universe originated with a pitch to enable William Shatner to appear in the series . The teleplays for both parts of the episode were written by Mike Sussman , with Manny Coto contributing the story for the second part . Set in the 22nd century , the series normally follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise , registration NX-01 . However , these installments feature a mirror universe Jonathan Archer and evil counterparts of the normal characters , who serve the cruel and militaristic Terran Empire . In the first part , the ISS Enterprise learns of a Starfleet ship from the future of the main universe which is being stripped for parts by the Tholians , and seeks to take the ship from the aliens . The second part sees the surviving crew operating the USS Defiant and seeking to overthrow the Empire using its advanced weaponry . The episode saw the reuse of footage from Star Trek : First Contact and the creation of an alternative opening credits sequence which included footage from other Paramount properties such as the film The Hunt for Red October . A three-quarters-around bridge from The Original Series era was constructed , as well as other sets from a Constitution-class starship . A Gorn and a Tholian were both created using CGI , with the Gorn utilizing motion capture techniques . This installment also saw the return of Vaughn Armstrong after his main universe character was killed on screen earlier in the season in the episode `` The Forge '' . This episode subsequently appeared in several lists of the best episodes of Star Trek : Enterprise . It was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Series in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e9b4cc4d8afd36ba982b3497d9110af", "text": "Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness ( 1899 ) is a novella by Polish-British novelist Joseph Conrad , about a voyage up the Congo River into the Congo Free State , in the heart of Africa , by the story 's narrator Marlow . Marlow tells his story to friends aboard a boat anchored on the River Thames , London , England . This setting provides the frame for Marlow 's story of his obsession with the ivory trader Kurtz , which enables Conrad to create a parallel between London and Africa as places of darkness . Central to Conrad 's work is the idea that there is little difference between so-called civilised people and those described as savages ; Heart of Darkness raises questions about imperialism and racism . Originally published as a three-part serial story in Blackwood 's Magazine to celebrate the 1000th edition of the magazine , Heart of Darkness has been variously published and translated into many languages . In 1998 , the Modern Library ranked Heart of Darkness as the sixty-seventh of the hundred best novels in English of the twentieth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "666e8ef6aa8bd100a9811a374c08559a", "text": "Army of Darkness (comics) Army of Darkness comics are based on the film of the same name published originally by Dark Horse Comics , and later by Dynamite Entertainment who initially published them through Devil 's Due Publishing . The stories follow the adventures of the Evil Dead series , Ash Williams , and has included a number of crossovers with a wide variety of characters such as , Marvel Zombies , Darkman , Freddy Krueger , Jason Voorhees , Dracula , Xena , Danger Girl , and Re-Animator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d31e561d1484951bd8bb1de7db67be7", "text": "Red and Black Attack Red And Black Attack was the second release from the Hollywood-based rock band The Icarus Line . The EP was recorded and released very quickly after their debut 7-inch , Highlypuncturingnoisetestingyourabilitytohate on Hellcat Records . The EP was released on New American Dream . This was the band 's first release to appear on CD , as well as New American Dream 's debut release . The vinyl version was pressed by Slowgun Records on clear `` wine '' colored vinyl 7-inches . New American Dream also released the band 's split 7-inch picture disc with Ink & Dagger , and had actually originally signed Ink & Dagger to release their third , and final album on the label . However , after a car crash involving the label 's owner and members of Ink & Dagger , who were on their way to visit The Icarus Line during a rehearsal , the label soon fell apart . The resulting fiasco was the prime reason The Icarus Line did n't record their debut album in 1999 , as originally intended , and ended up signing instead with Crank ! Records . Coincidentally , Ink & Dagger , who had also signed to the label for the release of their third and last album , ended up having Buddyhead release it instead . Other bands on the short-lived label included Discount ( band ) and Kind Of Like Spitting . The label 's folding , resulted in this release being out of print for many years , and a highly sought after collectable . The EP was named as a reference to the band 's visual style , which involved dressing in black with red neckties . This look was abandoned years later , after a number of other bands had started dressing similarly . Some of these bands went on to much greater mainstream success . So , as not to look like the `` copycats '' themselves , this attire was then `` retired '' by The Icarus Line . This release also coincided with yet another of the band 's recurring problems of finding a suitable , and permanent drummer . This is why there is no drummer pictured on the cover of this release , something which confused people for quite some time . At the time of the EP 's release , John Guerra ( F-Minus , Black Fag ) was filling the position . Soon after , the band recruited their fourth drummer , Mike Felix ( Toys That Kill , Ex-Fork ) . As an homage to their former band 's drummer , Tim Childs , The Icarus Line included snippets he had recorded while playing drums at home , very briefly before his death . These were the last known recordings of Tim playing drums . The song `` Separate The Sounds '' , was also quite obviously written about Tim , and his abrupt passing . These home recordings were spliced together during mastering by Blag Dahlia , the singer of The Dwarves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fb639320c503928d2f04287898d63ef", "text": "The End of Heartache The End of Heartache is the third studio album by American metalcore band Killswitch Engage . It was released on May 11 , 2004 through Roadrunner Records . It is the first album to feature lead vocalist Howard Jones . It is also the first album with Justin Foley also from Blood Has Been Shed joined the bands as the drummer also making his first recording on this album . The new lineup played on the 2003 Ozzfest and the MTV2 Headbangers Ball tour . The first recording was the song `` When Darkness Falls '' appearing on the soundtrack to the 2003 horror film Freddy vs. Jason . The End of Heartache was released on May 11 , 2004 . The album debuted in the top 40 of the Australian album charts on May 17 , 2004 following a successful tour of that country with Anthrax . The title track was nominated for Best Metal Performance for the 47th Annual Grammy Awards . Two music videos for `` Rose of Sharyn '' and `` The End of Heartache '' were filmed in promotion of the album . `` Rose of Sharyn '' had the group performing in a sunny desert with blood dripping from dead branches to form words . `` The End of Heartache '' featured a darkly lit performance with various computer animated imagery with scenes from Resident Evil : Apocalypse dotted throughout . Both videos saw notable airplay on Headbanger 's Ball . In 2005 , a special edition of the album was released which contained 6 additional tracks . The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on December 7 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ac69490e7f95f55458744fceb8fbcb4", "text": "Mindspawn Mindspawn is a soundscape , dark ambient , post industrial act formed and fronted by Gene Williams . Williams was raised on a farm in the remote area of the Ozark Mountains in Missouri . In his late teens , Williams left his homeland and lived in a variety of places both in the United States and abroad , doing a variety of things , including graphic art , construction work , bull-riding , archaeology , spelunking , and more . Around 1980 Williams began to experiment in music , playing in a few small bands , but eventually becoming enthralled with multitrack tape and field recordings . Over the next decade he gathered sounds from various caves , wells , cisterns , archaeological sites , and more , as well as continuing to hone his musical abilities with several instruments . During the bulk of this era he was largely a solitary experimentalist and he had no public releases . In the early 1990s , Williams relocated to the Boston area . At that time , he first began to perform under the guise of Mindspawn . Eventually , Williams started his own record label , Dark Seeds , and began releasing his material and that of other similar minded artists . The first Mindspawn release was the album Conversing With Zardoz , in 1999 . Darkness Weaves was released a year later in 2000 and Null Infinite was released in 2001 . Mindspawn `` singles '' also appear on several compilations . From 2001 to 2004 , Mindspawn 's sounds found their way onto documentaries like `` America 's Most Haunted Town , '' various video games , and a wide variety of other artist releases . In 2005 , Mindspawn and Coph Nia collaborated on the post industrial dark ambient album , Erotomechaniks , which enjoyed critical success and was widely well received . Between 2000 and 2008 , Williams continued to perform and compose as Mindspawn , while operating a recording/sound design studio in Boston , MA . During this period , Williams engineered and produced a variety of artists and projects ranging from EDM to video games and film . In 2006-2007 Williams and Steve Smith ( house music vocalist ) of Dirty Vegas composed and produced the theme for the `` Standoff ( TV series ) '' and scored the cult film `` The Boys & Girls Guide to Getting Down '' by Paul Sapiano . The `` Standoff '' theme song was nominated for an Emmy for Best Theme Song in 2007 . Between 2008-2011 the Mindspawn project was on hiatus while Williams explored other interests and recovered from health issues . In late 2011 , Williams once again began performing live and releasing sounds and music under the Mindspawn name . In September 2014 , the Mindspawn album Parasite Theory was released . 2016 saw Mindspawn reunite with Coph Nia on the collaboration album , Erotomechaniks II . Mindspawn/Gene Williams continues to produce , compose , and perform live . The Mindspawn name was chosen as an ambiguous play on words , the two `` meanings '' being Mind 's Pawn and Mind Spawn . Beyond the obvious no further meaning has ever been intended . The sound composed/created by Mindspawn varies from soundscapes and industrial ambience to dark ambient , including claustrophobic film music and sound categorized as space music . Mindspawn sound has been aptly referred to as sound sculptures or sonic tapestries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28ce39f7b5f3130cd8d89a3e32729b56", "text": "Red Harvest (Bloodsimple album) Red Harvest is the second and final album by New York City Alternative metal band Bloodsimple . It was released on October 30 , 2007 . Will Hunt of the band Dark New Day played drums on this album . Frontman Tim Williams explained that the title of the album is based on the 1929 book of the same name by Dashiell Hammett . `` Dead Man Walking '' was included on the soundtrack of the video game WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a7129424f8b8f86c4ce8bdf9ce10973", "text": "Red Bird (web series) Red Bird is an American Western web series . Created by Misti Boland and Jeremy Osbern , the series stars Alexandra Goodman , Ian Stark , Armin Shimerman , Kitty Swink , Mike McShane , and John Prosky . The series of eight three to five minute episodes premiered on YouTube and the show 's website in March 2016 . Tubefilter , in their Indie Spotlight , described the series as `` a female revenge tale featuring Kitty Mae , who is seeking to get even with the gunman who killed her only son in cold blood . '' The Daily Dot issued a positive review of the series , noting that from `` costumes to locations to an original soundtrack that has presence and bite , it looks and sounds just as you 'd imagine the creators -- husband and wife Jeremy Osbern and Misti Boland -- desired it . '' But the reviewer also longed for more time with each episode , stating that episodes `` are centered around single set pieces or scenes that although well-scripted and shot , are short , mostly coming in at around three minutes . '' Red Bird was shot on location and on sets in Colorado and Kansas and incorporated real horses , authentic old west set pieces , and practical gunshot and blood effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3b9fced951caac5a733357a52dbf3d7", "text": "Edge of Normal Edge of Normal is an American sci-fi web series created by Amanda Overton as her graduate thesis project from University of Southern California ( USC ) . Inspired by Amanda 's love for popular comics and films such as X-Men and The Dark Knight , Edge of Normal is a unique mixture of sci-fi and superhero elements in a web serialized format . In 2013 the web series was bought for distribution by Wonderly . Wonderly is a YouTube Multi-Channel Network , subsidiary of Big Frame that focuses on innovative female creators . Edge of Normal premiered its first season on July 16 , 2013 , with the episode `` Natalie '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6788abe008bc47053b7876ba8b963572", "text": "Claire Redfield is a fictional character in the Resident Evil ( Biohazard in Japan ) horror franchise by Capcom . Claire is the younger sister of Chris Redfield , an American special police officer who is a protagonist of the first Resident Evil game , and is herself a protagonist of the video games Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil - Code : Veronica , where she is a zombie outbreak survivor turned a vigilante . She returned as an abducted activist in the video game Resident Evil : Revelations 2 after being absent from the main series for a decade and half since Code : Veronica . Claire has also appeared in various other media , including several additional video games , the computer-animated film Resident Evil : Degeneration , and the non-canon live-action films Resident Evil : Extinction , Resident Evil : Afterlife and Resident Evil : The Final Chapter , as well as in the promotion and merchandise for the franchise . She was very well received by critics and became one of the most popular Resident Evil characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b92730419869ff405098096e9167949e", "text": "Lobster Johnson Lobster Johnson ( also known as the Lobster ) is a fictional character featured in the Hellboy and Bureau For Paranormal Research and Defense comic books published by Dark Horse Comics . He was created by Mike Mignola . Within the Hellboy universe , the Lobster was a vigilante who worked in secret in New York City during the 1930s . Although the public believes that the Lobster was only the hero of pulp serials and comics , he was a real man who faced gangsters as well as paranormal threats . The Lobster had a reputation for violence , such as killing mobsters and burning his trademark lobster claw symbol into their foreheads with the palm of his gloved hand . This behavior was similar to the Marvel UK comic book character Night Raven , and the pulp magazine hero The Spider .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99040c70772fec70ed2073681ea6dfba", "text": "Red Sands Red Sands is a 2009 American horror film set in Parvan Province , Afghanistan in September 2002 . The film is directed by Alex Turner , whose previous effort was Dead Birds , in 2004 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f30c7973dab92d291a5bb4e8c403445c	Jean-Martin Charcot was a neurologist.	[ { "docid": "e89b47ce81cfcde84280979e5deda6e1", "text": "Jean-Martin Charcot Jean-Martin Charcot ( -LSB- ʃɑrˈkoʊ -RSB- -LSB- ʃaʁko -RSB- ; 29 November 1825 -- 16 August 1893 ) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology . He is known as `` the founder of modern neurology '' , and his name has been associated with at least 15 medical eponyms , including Charcot -- Marie -- Tooth disease and Charcot disease ( better known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , motor neurone disease , or Lou Gehrig disease ) . Charcot has been referred to as `` the father of French neurology and one of the world 's pioneers of neurology '' . His work greatly influenced the developing fields of neurology and psychology ; modern psychiatry owes much to the work of Charcot and his direct followers . He was the `` foremost neurologist of late nineteenth-century France '' and has been called `` the Napoleon of the neuroses '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "89fa4917292f539e6a529943ae46f40b", "text": "Hermann Oppenheim Hermann Oppenheim ( 1 January 1858 -- 5 May 1919 ) was one of the leading neurologists in Germany . He studied medicine at the Universities of Berlin , Göttingen and Bonn . He started his career at the Charité-Hospital in Berlin as an assistant to Karl Westphal ( 1833 -- 1890 ) . In 1891 Oppenheim opened a successful private hospital in Berlin . In 1894 , Oppenheim was the author of a textbook on nervous diseases titled Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten für Ärzte und Studierende , a book that soon became a standard in his profession . It was published in several editions and languages , and is considered one of the best textbooks on neurology ever written . He also published significant works on tabes dorsalis , alcoholism , anterior poliomyelitis , syphilis , multiple sclerosis and traumatic neurosis . In the field of physiology , he published articles on metabolism of urea with the aid of Nathan Zuntz ( 1847 -- 1920 ) . In 1889 he published a treatise on traumatic neuroses that was harshly criticized by eminent physicians that included Jean-Martin Charcot ( 1825 -- 1893 ) and Max Nonne ( 1861 -- 1959 ) ; the reason being due to Oppenheim 's assertion that psychological trauma caused organic changes that perpetuated psychic neuroses . His expertise involving brain disease led directly to the first successful removal of a brain tumor , an operation that was performed by a physician named R. Köhler . With surgeon Fedor Krause ( 1857 -- 1937 ) , he reported the first successful removal of a pineal tumor . He coined the term `` dystonia musculorum deformans '' for a type of childhood torsion disease he described , a disorder that was later to become known as `` Ziehen-Oppenheim syndrome '' ( named along with German psychiatrist Theodor Ziehen 1862 -- 1950 ) . Also , another name for amyotonia congenita is `` Oppenheim 's disease '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "510f6ef5bf1f884e25eb11ca36a94916", "text": "Richard Cassirer Richard Cassirer ( April 23 , 1868 -- August 20 , 1925 ) was a German neurologist born into a Jewish family in Breslau . After receiving his medical doctorate in 1891 , he became assistant at the psychiatric clinic in Breslau under Karl Wernicke ( 1848 -- 1905 ) . In 1893 he relocated to Vienna , where he furthered his studies with Richard von Krafft-Ebing ( 1840 -- 1902 ) and Heinrich Obersteiner ( 1847 -- 1922 ) . Later , he became professor of neurology at the University of Berlin , where he worked closely with Hermann Oppenheim ( 1858 -- 1919 ) . As a clinical neurologist , Cassirer specialized on the anatomy of the central nervous system , and made contributions in his research of multiple sclerosis , encephalitis and poliomyelitis . Among his written works was a new edition ( 1923 ) of Oppenheim 's Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten für Ärzte und Studierende . In 1912 he first described a circulatory disease marked by an association of ovarian insufficiency and acrocyanosis with vasomotor-trophic disturbance of the skin , and disturbances of sensitivity caused by dysregulation of the vegetative nervous system which has been given the eponymic name of `` Cassirer 's syndrome '' or `` Crocq-Cassirer syndrome '' . In 1921 , Dr. Cassirer was asked to give testimony in regards to the mental condition of Soghomon Tehlirian , a man accused of murdering Talaat Pasha . Cassirer maintained that Tehlirian was not sane when he carried out the crime due to a psychotic state caused as a result of his family being victims of a war-time massacre . Cassirer 's portrait was painted by renowned artist Max Liebermann in 1918 , and later presented to the Tate Gallery in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a2ad2af1e2f65db3f42169502812eaf", "text": "Germain Sée Germain Sée ( February 6 , 1818 -- May 12 , 1896 ) was a French clinician who was a native of Ribeauvillé , Haut-Rhin . He studied medicine in Paris , obtaining his doctorate in 1846 with a dissertation on ergotism ( `` Recherches sur les propriétés du seigle ergoté et de ses principes constituants '' ) . In 1852 he became a physician of hospitals in Paris , and subsequently worked at La Rochefoucauld ( from 1857 ) , Beaujon ( from 1861 ) , Pitié ( from 1862 ) and Charité ( from 1868 ) hospitals . In 1866 he succeeded Armand Trousseau as chair of therapeutics at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris , and in 1876 attained the chair of clinical medicine at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris . Sée specialized in the study of lung and cardiovascular diseases . He also made contributions in his research of chorea and its association with rheumatic disorders . He conducted extensive studies of various drugs , being an advocate of antipyrine as a general analgesic , and sodium salicylate for treatment of acute rheumatism . Among his writings were the multi-volume `` Médecine clinique '' , a work that he co-authored with Frédéric Labadie-Lagrave , and `` Leçons de pathologie expérimentale '' , a book on experimental pathology that was edited by Maurice Raynaud . His `` Des maladies spécifiques , non tuberculeuses , du poumon '' was later translated into English and published with the title `` Diseases of the lungs ( of a specific not tuberculous nature ) '' ( 1885 ) . In 1869 he became a member of the Académie de Médecine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ae36a10ddb6b44a87f2e6d21d740f65", "text": "Paul Briquet Paul Briquet or Pierre Briquet ( 12 January 1796 to 25 January 1881 ) was a French physician and psychologist that advanced the reasoned treatment of disturbed people said to be hysterics . Briquet became a medical doctor in 1824 , a professor in 1827 . In 1836 he operated at the Cochin hospital and in 1846 at La Charité hospital . In 1853 he described the preparation and use of quinine . He published Traité clinique et thérapeutique de l'Hystérie in 1859 , and the following year he was admitted to the Academie de Medecine . A type of personality disorder called Briquet 's syndrome is classified as somatic symptom disorder . `` Although many of his theoretical concepts , basic scientific knowledge and data processing techniques were primitive by our standards , his approach , his emphasis on demonstrable facts , and his many well-substantiated conclusions mark his Treatise on Hysteria as an avant-garde work relevant even today '' Briquet was a proponent of male hysteria in his Treatise . He cites Louyer-Villermay , M. Dubois , M. Landouzy , and M. Monneret as putting to rest the doubt over male hysteria . He wrote , `` Regardless of the denials , men may suffer from hysteria , and the cases that prove it are not rare , and it is only possible to prevent it by acknowledging that . '' As a mental condition , hysteria is not due to uterine influence : `` Hysteria may occur in men , who have no uterus , in non-menstruating young women whose uterus is still in a rudimentary state and where it remains without influence , and in old women where it no longer influences . '' Briquet describes circumstances where simultaneously the senses are excited , and efforts are made to conceal the excitation , as precursors to hysteria . In Mark Micale 's reading of Briquet 's Treatise , the introductory section on male hysteria is followed by prejudice against the male victims of the disorder . Briquet chooses to begin the main body of his book with a 40-page discussion of hysteria in the adult male -- the very first discussion of its kind in a nineteenth-century medical text . By the end of Briquet 's long and authoritative exposition , an adult man capable of `` affective impressions '' is seen as not only sick and abnormal , but also as a deviation from , and menace to , the bourgeois family order . Apart from the gender factor , Briquet studied the epidemiology of hysteria through 430 patients that he attended over a decade of clinical work . Micale describes the anticipation of affective neuroscience : -LSB- Briquet centers -RSB- hysteria in the brain , conjecturing that a part of the human brain is reserved for emotional or `` affective sensations '' , as opposed to motor control and intellectual operations . He then specifies that `` hysteria is an illness consisting of a neurosis of the part of the brain destined to receive affective impressions and feelings '' . He goes on to maintain that the disorder is caused by the complex and highly individual interaction of many disparate factors , including age , gender , emotional disposition , family history , mode of education , previous physical illness and psychological stress . The malady develops temperamentally , he claims , in individuals with an `` affective predominance '' . In his 2004 history of mental illness , Theodore Millon noted Briquet 's advances : -LSB- Briquet -RSB- speculated on untoward developmental and life experiences as playing a pathogenic role ( e.g. parental mistreatment , spousal abuse , unfavorable employment circumstances , or business failures ) . Recognizing that only a small subset of those subjected to these psychosocial experiences developed the hysterical syndrome , Briquet proposed predispositions as pathogenic factors . Aware that life circumstances troubled his patients , he suggested that many would benefit by speaking to an empathetic counselor or physician who might serve as a confidant . Briquet showed great sensitivity in going beyond the crude medications of the day to employ a psychotherapeutic approach to his patients ' difficulties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b753e69f3504f43686b031d11054f58b", "text": "The central science Chemistry is often called the central science because of its role in connecting the physical sciences , which include chemistry , with the life sciences and applied sciences such as medicine and engineering . The nature of this relationship is one of the main topics in the philosophy of chemistry and in scientometrics . The phrase was popularized by its use in a textbook by Theodore L. Brown and H. Eugene LeMay , titled Chemistry : The Central Science , which was first published in 1977 , with a thirteenth edition published in 2014 . The central role of chemistry can be seen in the systematic and hierarchical classification of the sciences by Auguste Comte in which each discipline provides a more general framework for the area it precedes ( mathematics → astronomy → physics → chemistry → physiology and medicine → social sciences ) . Balaban and Klein have more recently proposed a diagram showing partial ordering of sciences in which chemistry may be argued is `` the central science '' since it provides a significant degree of branching . In forming these connections the lower field can not be fully reduced to the higher ones . It is recognized that the lower fields possess emergent ideas and concepts that do not exist in the higher fields of science . Thus chemistry is built on an understanding of laws of physics that govern particles such as atoms , protons , electrons , thermodynamics , etc. although it has been shown that it has not been `` fully ` reduced ' to quantum mechanics '' . Concepts such as the periodicity of the elements and chemical bonds in chemistry are emergent in that they are more than the underlying forces that are defined by physics . In the same way , biology can not be fully reduced to chemistry despite the fact that the machinery that is responsible for life is composed of molecules . For instance , the machinery of evolution may be described in terms of chemistry by the understanding that it is a mutation in the order of genetic base pairs in the DNA of an organism . However , chemistry can not fully describe the process since it does not contain concepts such as natural selection that are responsible for driving evolution . Chemistry is fundamental to biology since it provides a methodology for studying and understanding the molecules that compose cells . Connections made by chemistry are formed through various sub-disciplines that utilize concepts from multiple scientific disciplines . Chemistry and physics are both needed in the areas of physical chemistry , nuclear chemistry , and theoretical chemistry . Chemistry and biology intersect in the areas of biochemistry , medicinal chemistry , molecular biology , chemical biology , molecular genetics , and immunochemistry . Chemistry and the earth sciences intersect in areas like geochemistry and hydrology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b82f88b6c36a4d209d23257dcc1ab43f", "text": "Jacques Monod Jacques Lucien Monod ( 9 February 1910 -- 31 May 1976 ) , a French biochemist , won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965 , sharing it with François Jacob and Andre Lwoff `` for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis '' . Monod ( along with François Jacob ) became famous for his work on the E. coli lac operon , which encodes proteins necessary for the transport and breakdown of the sugar lactose ( lac ) . From their own work and the work of others , he and Jacob came up with a model for how the levels of some proteins in a cell are controlled . In their model , the manufacture of proteins , such as the ones encoded within the lac ( lactose ) operon , is prevented when a repressor , encoded by a regulatory gene , binds to its operator , a specific site on the DNA next to the genes encoding the proteins . ( It is now known that repressor bound to the operator physically blocks RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter , the site where transcription of the adjacent genes begins . ) Study of the control of expression of genes in the lac operon provided the first example of a transcriptional regulation system . Monod also suggested the existence of mRNA molecules that link the information encoded in DNA and proteins . He is widely regarded as one of the founders of molecular biology . Monod 's interest in the lac operon originated from his doctoral dissertation , for which he studied the growth of bacteria in culture media containing two sugars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df033583b0df1fe8e9a5a20ce09aa81b", "text": "Georges Gilles de la Tourette Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette ( 30 October 1857 -- 26 May 1904 ) was a French physician and the namesake of Tourette 's syndrome , a neurological condition characterized by physical and verbal tics . He was born in the small town of Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers in the district of Châtellerault , near the city of Loudun . He could be retrospectively classified as a neurologist , but the field did not exist in his time . During 1873 Tourette began medical studies at Poitiers . He later relocated to Paris where he became a student , amanuensis , and house physician of his mentor , the influential contemporary neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot , director of the Salpêtrière Hospital . Charcot also helped him to advance in his academic career . Tourette studied and lectured in psychotherapy , hysteria and medical and legal ramifications of mesmerism ( modern-day hypnosis ) . Tourette described the symptoms of Tourette 's syndrome in nine patients in 1884 , using the name `` maladie des tics '' . Charcot renamed the syndrome `` Gilles de la Tourette 's illness '' in his honor . In 1893 , a former female patient shot Tourette in the head , claiming he had hypnotized her against her will . Both Tourette and many modern hypnologists state that this is impossible . His mentor , Charcot , had died recently , and his young son had also died recently . After these events , Tourette began to experience mood swings between depression and hypomania . Nevertheless , he organized public lectures in which he spoke about literacy , mesmerism and theatre . Tourette published an article on hysteria in the German Army , which angered Bismarck , and a further article about unhygienic conditions in the floating hospitals on the river Thames . With Gabriel Legué he analyzed abbess Jeanne des Anges ' account of her hysteria that was allegedly based on her unrequited love for a priest Urbain Grandier , who was later burned for witchcraft . Around 1902 , Tourette 's condition worsened and he was dismissed from his post . Gilles de la Tourette died on 26 May 1904 in a psychiatric hospital in Lausanne , Switzerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57740e44220f7900dd1d8e8d299fefb1", "text": "Neurophysiology Neurophysiology ( from Greek νεῦρον , neuron , `` nerve '' ; φύσις , physis , `` nature , origin '' ; and - λογία , - logia , `` knowledge '' ) is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that is concerned with the study of the functioning of the nervous system . The primary tools of basic neurophysiological research include electrophysiological recordings , such as patch clamp , voltage clamp , extracellular single-unit recording and recording of local field potentials , as well as some of the methods of calcium imaging , optogenetics , and molecular biology . Neurophysiology is related to electrophysiology , neurobiology , psychology , neurology , clinical neurophysiology , neuroanatomy , cognitive science , biophysics , mathematical biology , and other sciences concerning the brain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dba64719d376778dfca1240c3cd29a43", "text": "The Salpêtrière School of Hypnosis The Salpêtriére School , also known as the School of Paris , is , with the Nancy School , one of the great schools that contributed to the golden age of hypnosis in France from 1882 to 1892 . The leader of this school , the neurologist Jean Martin Charcot , contributed to the rehabilitation of hypnosis as a scientific subject presenting it as a somatic expression of hysteria . Charcot also used hypnosis as an investigative method and that by putting his hysterical patients into an ` experimental state ' it would permit him to reproduce their symptoms and interpret them . The work of the Salpêtrière School also presented a new vision of the phenomenon of hysteria . Charcot did not consider people suffering from hysteria as pretenders and discovered , to the surprise of all , that hysteria was not just a privilege reserved for women . Finally , Charcot associated hysteria to post-traumatic paralysis , establishing the basis for the theory of psychic trauma . Amongst Charcot 's collaborators included as members of the Salpêtrière School , there was notably Joseph Babinski , Paul Richer , Alfred Binet , Charles Féré , Pierre Janet , Georges Gilles de la Tourette , Alexandre-Achille Souques , Jules Cotard , Pierre Marie , Gilbert Ballet , Paul Regnard , Désiré-Magloire Bourneville , Ferdinand Bottey , Paul Brémaud and Victor Dumontpallier . The work of the Saltpêtrière School had an important influence on most of the great clinicians of the era such as Sigmund Freud , Eugen Bleuler and Joseph Delboeuf . Ultimately the polemic opposing Charcot against Hippolyte Bernheim and the other members of the Nancy School would end by Charcot being accused of operating as a carnival showman , training his patients in theatrical behaviour which he would attribute to hypnosis . After his death in 1893 , the practice of hypnotism would decline in medical circles and it would be prohibited by the founders of experimental psychology and psychoanalysis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0a8443545c39435c490dfc0fbfba153", "text": "Auguste-Charles Marie Auguste-Charles Marie ( 26 July 1864 -- 29 March 1935 ) was a French microbiologist born in Bayeux , department Calvados . He served as interne des hôpitaux in Paris , earning his medical doctorate in 1895 with a thesis on cancer titled Recherches sur la question du cancer . From 1894 to 1899 he focused on physico-pathological studies of microbial poisoning at the Pasteur Institute in Paris . In 1899 -- 1900 he served under Maurice Nicolle ( 1862 -- 1932 ) as chief of anti-rabies services at the institute of microbiology in Constantinople . Afterwards he was associated with research done at the Pasteur Institute in Paris . Following the death of Emile Roux ( 1853 -- 1933 ) , he was appointed manager of anti-rabies services . Marie is known for his research involving the action of tetanus toxin on the nervous system , as well as studies of tuberculosis and rabies . In the 1910s he demonstrated that natural and synthetic suprarenin had the ability to neutralize diphtheria and tetanus toxins . His investigations of rabies led to the development of new vaccination processes . With Jean Cantacuzène ( 1863-1934 ) , he published two articles on gastrointestinal cholera . In 1903 he was co-founder of the Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur . In 1934 , with Paul Remlinger ( 1871 -- 1964 ) , he was recipient of the `` Prix Dagnan-Bouveret '' by the Académie des sciences for work involving rage expérimentale ( experimental rabies ) . He died on 29 March 1935 in his laboratory at the Pasteur Institute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7fb0928d9514372d72aec399b19c7fe", "text": "Scientific theory A scientific theory is an explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can , in accordance with the scientific method , be repeatedly tested , using a predefined protocol of observations and experiments . Established scientific theories have withstood rigorous scrutiny and are a comprehensive form of scientific knowledge . It is important to note that the definition of a `` scientific theory '' ( often ambiguously contracted to `` theory '' for the sake of brevity , including in this page ) as used in the disciplines of science is significantly different from the common vernacular usage of the word `` theory '' . Per NAS 2008 : `` The formal scientific definition of theory is quite different from the everyday meaning of the word . It refers to a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a vast body of evidence . '' In everyday non-scientific speech , `` theory '' can imply that something is an unsubstantiated and speculative guess , conjecture , idea , or , hypothesis ; such a usage is the opposite of the word `` theory '' in science . These different usages are comparable to the differing , and often opposing , usages of the term `` prediction '' in science versus `` prediction '' in vernacular speech , denoting a mere hope . The strength of a scientific theory is related to the diversity of phenomena it can explain . As additional scientific evidence is gathered , a scientific theory may be rejected or modified if it does not fit the new empirical findings ; in such circumstances , a more accurate theory is then desired . In certain cases , the less-accurate unmodified scientific theory can still be treated as a theory if it is useful ( due to its sheer simplicity ) as an approximation under specific conditions ( e.g. , Newton 's laws of motion as an approximation to special relativity at velocities that are small relative to the speed of light ) . Scientific theories are testable and make falsifiable predictions . They describe the causal elements responsible for a particular natural phenomenon , and are used to explain and predict aspects of the physical universe or specific areas of inquiry ( e.g. , electricity , chemistry , astronomy ) . Scientists use theories as a foundation to gain further scientific knowledge , as well as to accomplish goals such as inventing technology or curing disease . As with other forms of scientific knowledge , scientific theories are both deductive and inductive in nature and aim for predictive power and explanatory capability . Paleontologist , evolutionary biologist , and science historian Stephen Jay Gould said , `` ... facts and theories are different things , not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing certainty . Facts are the world ′ s data . Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "228d55e57c5af165c7738a3ae567bcfd", "text": "Étienne-Jules Marey Étienne-Jules Marey ( -LSB- maʁɛ -RSB- ; 5 March 1830 , Beaune , Côte-d'Or -- 15 May 1904 , Paris ) was a French scientist , physiologist and chronophotographer . His work was significant in the development of cardiology , physical instrumentation , aviation , cinematography and the science of laboratory photography . He is widely considered to be a pioneer of photography and an influential pioneer of the history of cinema . He was also a pioneer in establishing a variety of graphical techniques for the display and interpretation of quantitative data from physiological measurement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f4433251cd981bdd746039eb0c13a0c", "text": "Jean-Pierre Changeux Jean-Pierre Changeux ( -LSB- ʃɑ̃ʒø -RSB- ; born 6 April 1936 ) is a French neuroscientist known for his research in several fields of biology , from the structure and function of proteins ( with a focus on the allosteric proteins ) , to the early development of the nervous system up to cognitive functions . Although being famous in biological sciences for the MWC model , the identification and purification of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the theory of epigenesis by synapse selection are also notable scientific achievements . Changeux is known by the non-scientific public for his ideas regarding the connection between mind and physical brain . As put forth in his book , Conversations on Mind , Matter and Mathematics , Changeux strongly supports the view that the nervous system functions in a projective rather than reactive style and that interaction with the environment , rather than being instructive , results in the selection amongst a diversity of preexisting internal representations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d140bd6d0968d676ed643fcc1c7ba44c", "text": "Augustine (film) Augustine is 2012 French historical drama film about a love affair between French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot and his patient . The film debuted in France at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival in the Special Screenings section and later played at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival in the Discovery section . It was released in France in November 2012 and in the U.S. in May 2013 , given a limited release by Music Box Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc39bfa5c942118d4e5ff050ec04f85f", "text": "Phenotype A phenotype is the composite of an organism 's observable characteristics or traits , such as its morphology , development , biochemical or physiological properties , behavior , and products of behavior ( such as a bird 's nest ) . A phenotype results from the expression of an organism 's genetic code , its genotype , as well as the influence of environmental factors and the interactions between the two . When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species , the species is called polymorphic . A well-documented polymorphism is Labrador Retriever coloring ; while the coat color depends on many genes , it is clearly seen in the environment as yellow , black and brown . This genotype-phenotype distinction was proposed by Wilhelm Johannsen in 1911 to make clear the difference between an organism 's heredity and what that heredity produces . The distinction is similar to that proposed by August Weismann , who distinguished between germ plasm ( heredity ) and somatic cells ( the body ) . The genotype-phenotype distinction should not be confused with Francis Crick 's central dogma of molecular biology , which is a statement about the directionality of molecular sequential information flowing from DNA to protein , and not the reverse . Richard Dawkins in 1978 and then again in his 1982 book The Extended Phenotype suggested that bird nests and other built structures such as caddis fly larvae cases and beaver dams can be considered as `` extended phenotypes '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0dd5775d73a2f9f5b1c936cb5008e5b", "text": "History of Tourette syndrome Tourette syndrome is an inherited neurological disorder with onset in childhood , characterized by the presence of multiple physical ( motor ) tics and at least one vocal ( phonic ) tic . The eponym was bestowed by Jean-Martin Charcot ( 1825 -- 93 ) on behalf of his resident , Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette ( 1859 -- 1904 ) , a French physician and neurologist , who published an account of nine patients with Tourette 's in 1885 . The possibility that movement disorders , including Tourette syndrome , might have an organic origin was raised when an encephalitis epidemic from 1918 -- 1926 led to a subsequent epidemic of tic disorders . Research in 1972 advanced the argument that Tourette 's is a neurological , rather than psychological , disorder ; since the 1990s , a more neutral view of Tourette 's has emerged , in which biological vulnerability and adverse environmental events are seen to interact . Findings since 1999 have advanced TS science in the areas of genetics , neuroimaging , neurophysiology , and neuropathology . Questions remain regarding how best to classify Tourette syndrome , and how closely Tourette 's is related to other movement disorders or psychiatric disorders . Good epidemiologic data is still lacking , and available treatments are not risk free and not always well tolerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e7a188945292039999b6cad2e783bd5", "text": "Music-specific disorders Neuroscientists have learned a lot about the role of the brain in numerous cognitive mechanisms by understanding corresponding disorders . Similarly , neuroscientists have come to learn a lot about music cognition by studying music-specific disorders . Even though music is most often viewed from a `` historical perspective rather than a biological one '' music has significantly gained the attention of neuroscientists all around the world . For many centuries music has been strongly associated with art and culture . The reason for this increased interest in music is because it `` provides a tool to study numerous aspects of neuroscience , from motor skill learning to emotion '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00b47c01552ff11987e58c2a006f87c0", "text": "Charcot foot Charcot foot could mean : Charcot arthropathy in the foot , most commonly due to diabetic neuropathy The characteristic foot deformity of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ( nb . As a neuropathy , this can eventually lead to Charcot arthropathy of the foot )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a739f5f8c79be400f0d81e47efe9a73b", "text": "Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda . Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the : Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ; Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ; State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) . The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems . An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded . Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 . The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda . The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others . The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6928a55b4b64c43f29187d48ae2c02ee", "text": "Albert Pitres Albert Pitres ( 26 August 1848 -- 25 March 1928 ) was a French neurological physician . He was born in Bordeaux and received his training in Paris , where he was the student of Jean Martin Charcot ( 1825-1893 ) and Louis-Antoine Ranvier ( 1835-1922 ) . He served as dean of the Faculty of Medicine at Bordeaux ( appointed 1885 ) . He began his medical studies in Bordeaux , later working as an interne to the hospitals of Paris ( from 1872 ) . In 1877 he defended his doctoral thesis , and during the following year received his agrégation with a dissertation titled `` Les hypertrophies et les dilatations cardiaques indépendante des lésions valvulaires '' . In the late 1870s , with Charles-Émile François-Franck , he performed studies on the excitation of the cerebral cortex and the localization of brain function . Afterwards , he returned to Bordeaux , where from 1881 to 1919 , he was maître to the chair of pathology . Pitres died in 1928 at the age of 79 after falling down stairs . Lessons that Pitres gave at the amphitheater in Bordeaux on the following subjects were compiled and published : hysteria and hypnotism ( 1891 ) , amnesic aphasia ( 1897 ) , paraphasia ( 1898 ) and physical signs associated with pleural effusions ( 1902 ) . His studies of peripheral neuritis were published in Volume XXXVI of Gilbert and Carnot 's `` Nouveau traité de médeine et de thérapeutique '' . With Leo Testut ( 1849-1925 ) , he was co-author of `` Les nerfs en schémas , anatomie et physiopathologie '' ( 1925 ) . His name became associated with pleural effusion and with tabes dorsalis . The term `` Pitres ' sign '' refers to hypoesthesia of the scrotum and testicles in tabes dorsalis .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8bfddfaf5ccc0d0e076584c1c3797164	There was a secondary school called Fairfield Grammar School.	[ { "docid": "932eabd41cb4841f0f732a21be3d56f9", "text": "Fairfield Grammar School Fairfield Grammar School was a secondary school in Bristol , England , founded in 1898 as Fairfield Secondary and Higher Grade School . It became a grammar school in 1945 and closed in 2000 , to be replaced by a new comprehensive , Fairfield High School , at first on the same site , but now located in Stottbury Road , Bristol . BHES ( Bristol Hospital Education Service ) , is now based in half of the old school , the other half is used by a similar service for under 13s .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "75e497790537e5223cf5afb09d7ae77d", "text": "Sandringham School Sandringham School is a secondary school with academy status in Marshalswick , St Albans , Hertfordshire . It was established in 1988 following a merger of two local schools , Marshalswick School and Wheathampstead School . It occupies the former Marshalswick site , adjacent to Wheatfields Infant and Junior schools . The former Wheathampstead site was used as a training centre by Hertfordshire County Council until 2007 and is now awaiting redevelopment for housing . The school works in partnership with two neighbouring schools to enhance post-16 educational provision . This partnership is known as `` BeauSandVer '' and consists of Sandringham School , Verulam School and Beaumont School . Sandringham school primarily serves neighbourhoods in the north east of St Albans ( Marshalswick and Jersey Farm ) and the villages of Sandridge and Wheathampstead . It was announced in early 2017 that the house names would be changed , along with a new seventh house , starting in the 2017-18 school year . The shortlist has not yet been announced , as of March 2017 . The shortlist was announced in early May of 2017 . It is as follows : Isambard Kingdom Brunel , Amy Johnson , Barbara Hepworth , Charles Darwin ( currently a house ) , Edward Elgar , Isaac Newton , Jane Austen , Millicent Fawcett , Olaudah Equiano , Ernest Shackleton , William Shakespeare , Charlotte Bronte , Alan Turing and William Morris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e54efa8ee883f3689842027e4a6586", "text": "Fremantle Grammar School Fremantle Grammar School is a defunct school and heritage-listed building in Fremantle , Western Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55b1a45f7e287a708ef965d4880cf84c", "text": "Stepney Green Maths, Computing and Science College Stepney Green is a community secondary school and sixth form for boys . It is situated in the heart of the historic East End of London and adjacent to the developments in Docklands , it serves the local community , which is mainly Bangladeshi in origin . It has a well-equipped library , including 30 computers and a good range of fiction and reference books/material . The curriculum is broad , there is a wide range of extra-curricular activities offered before , during and after school . The PE department organise football and table tennis at lunchtime , and after school and on Saturdays . The school operates a sixth form provision in consortium with Bow School , Langdon Park School and St Paul 's Way Trust School . The sixth form consortium is known as Sixth Form East . The schools students created their own website . Their website is to provide information to students or strangers about the latest events like `` NRA '' and daily information about life at school , student style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f560c1db2eec8beb1d8c81fbb10bc251", "text": "Ipswich School Ipswich School is an independent school for children aged 3 to 18 , situated in Suffolk , England , in the town of Ipswich . It is , in English terms , a `` public school '' , and is a registered charity . Located north of the town centre , Ipswich School has four parts on three adjacent sites . The Pre-Prep and Nursery were established in 1883 with the aim of preparing children aged 7 to 11 for entry into the Senior School . The Senior School occupies the main school site . The main buildings are a distinctive example of Victorian architecture , with Tudor style brick . The main building and chapel are both Grade II listed . The school buildings surround a central playing field and cricket square along with the Cricket Pavilion . The remainder of the School 's sport 's fields are located at a nearby site on the edge of the town . The School has a new purpose-built music school , adjacent to the Cricket Pavilion . Within the Senior School the students are divided into three : the Lower School ( Years 7 and 8 ) , the Middle School ( Years 9-11 ) and the Sixth Form ( Years 12 and 13 ) . The School operates on an independent , fee-charging basis , with a few scholarships and means-tested bursaries . It selects pupils by the use of entrance exams . Pupils appear in examination league tables ( though the statistics are not directly comparable to state schools or are not published , such as value added ) and in university entrances , and the school typically sends between 6 and 12 students to Oxford and Cambridge every year . The School was designated as having a `` Church of England '' Religious Character . The school has , however , not chosen to register as having a Religious Charter under the 2009 order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c807afc62c32a0d6a4e3e74d4c3ab776", "text": "The Judd School The Judd School ( usually known simply as Judd ) is a grammar school in Tonbridge , Kent , southeast England . It was established in 1888 at Stafford House on East Street in Tonbridge , where it remained for eight years before moving to its present location on Brook Street , in the south of the town . Founded by the Skinners Company , it was named after 16th century merchant Sir Andrew Judde , whose endowment helped fund the school . The Skinners ' Company maintains close links with the school and makes up the majority of the governing body . There are 1019 students in the school aged 11 to 18 ; the lower school is all boys , but of 350 students aged 16 -- 18 in the sixth form , up to 60 are girls . The first headmaster was William Bryant , who oversaw the transition to the present site before his retirement in 1908 . The current headmaster as of 2017 is Robert Masters , who has occupied the post since September 2004 and is the seventh headmaster of the school . Masters will step down at the end of the 2016-17 school year . Judd pupils generally take ten General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE ) tests in Year Eleven ( aged 15 -- 16 ) , and they have a choice of four or five A-levels in the sixth form . An Office for Standards in Education , Children 's Services and Skills ( Ofsted ) inspection in 2007 graded The Judd School as `` outstanding '' , and league tables published by the Daily Telegraph based on 2013 A-level results rank Judd as the second best ( or best , if independent schools are excluded ) school in Kent . In 2013 , The Sunday Times newspaper ranked The Judd School as the 12th best state secondary school ( for pupils aged 11 -- 16 , with an optional two further years of education in sixth form ) in the country . The majority of students go on to higher education following the completion of their A-levels at the end of Year Thirteen ( aged 17 -- 18 ) , and in 2011 , one in five Year 13 students gained an Oxbridge offer . In September 2004 , the school was designated a music and mathematics specialist school , which means it receives additional funding for those subjects . In 2007 , the school was invited to become a High Performing Specialist School , and in April 2008 was successful in attaining science specialism status . As mathematics is automatically included under a science specialism , the school selected English to be included under the first specialism . The Judd School is now a music with English and science with mathematics specialist school .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "524d8e1d331a030f260a2a4f3e96ba6c", "text": "The North School The North School is a secondary school situated in the town of Ashford , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eea03c9122996dce125c595ed0657620", "text": "Carre's Grammar School Carre 's Grammar School is a selective secondary school for boys in Sleaford , a market town in Lincolnshire , England . Founded on 1 September 1604 by an indenture of Robert Carre , the school was funded by rents from farmland and run by a group of trustees . The indenture restricted the endowment to # 20 without accounting for inflation , causing the school to decline during the 18th century and effectively close in 1816 . Revived by a decree from the Court of Chancery in 1830 , new buildings were constructed at its present site and the school re-opened in 1835 . Faced with competition from cheaper commercial schools and declining rolls , Carre 's eventually added technical and artistic instruction to its Classical curriculum by affiliating with Kesteven County Council in 1895 . Following the Education Act 1944 , school fees were abolished and Carre 's became Voluntary Aided . New buildings were completed in 1966 to house the rising number of students . After plans for comprehensive education in Sleaford came to nothing in the 1970s and 1980s , Carre 's converted to grant-maintained status in 1990 . Foundation status followed and the school became an Academy in 2011 ; a multi-Academy trust with Kesteven and Sleaford High School was formed in 2015 . Admission to Carre 's is through the eleven-plus examination and entry is limited to boys in the lower school , although the Sixth Form is co-educational . The total number of pupils on roll in 2013 was 817 , of which 240 were in the Sixth Form . Teaching follows the National Curriculum and pupils generally sit examinations for ten or eleven General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE ) qualifications in Year Eleven ( aged 15 -- 16 ) . They have a choice of three or four A-levels in the sixth form , which is part of the Sleaford Joint Sixth Form consortium between Carre 's , Kesteven and Sleaford High School and St George 's Academy . Of the 2013 cohort , 100 % of pupils achieved at least five GCSEs at grade A * - C and 96 % achieved that including English and Maths GCSEs , the eighth highest percentage in Lincolnshire . An Office for Standards in Education , Children 's Services and Skills ( Ofsted ) inspection in 2013 graded Carre 's `` good '' overall with `` outstanding '' features .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3bdaf4bcb1e2188dc596672aeaaa19a", "text": "Bromsgrove School Bromsgrove School , founded in 1553 , is a co-educational independent public school in the Worcestershire town of Bromsgrove , England . The school comprises kindergarten , primary , and secondary sections for a total of around 1,600 boarding and day-school pupils and a teaching staff of 200 . It is a founder member of the Headmaster 's Conference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc3a56543d3cb8aa55e0481354cfc220", "text": "Durham Johnston Comprehensive School Durham Johnston Comprehensive School is a secondary school in Durham , UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "481329fdf96a08bbf50402344c637db6", "text": "Sandhurst School Sandhurst School is a secondary school in Sandhurst , Berkshire , England . Sandhurst School has over 1000 pupils and specialises in science .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5c44154e29dd85bd6fd399191fdfaac", "text": "Coleraine High School Coleraine High School was an all-girls ' grammar school located in Coleraine , County Londonderry , Northern Ireland . The High School , or Gordonville Ladies ' Academy as it was originally known , was founded in 1875 in Alexander Terrace , Coleraine , by Mrs Long , assisted by her daughter and staff . From 1924 until 1959 , the school , as a voluntary grammar school , was controlled by a board of governors . In 1959 , the day school was transferred to the County Londonderry Education Committee , and then , in the local government re-organisation of 1973 , to the North Eastern Education and Library Board as a controlled grammar school . The Boarding Department remained the responsibility of the Board of Governors until its closure in 1997 . The school moved from the `` Gordonville '' site in 1966 when the present buildings were completed and a further extension was added in 1971 . It was once home to both boarders and day pupils . Now with the boarding department closed there are over 800 day pupils .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0382a0c6ec6abd83ebe6fcefea8de5c2", "text": "Handsworth Grammar School Handsworth Grammar School is a voluntary aided grammar school that admits boys from the age of eleven and eighteen ( as well as girls in the sixth form , since September 1997 ) . The school was founded in 1862 and is located in Handsworth , Birmingham , England . it is situated just off the A41 , near the junction with the A4040 . Handsworth Grammar School is sometimes abbreviated as HGS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "170ccffc1d218bb3a37aaea37c55f97a", "text": "St Bede's Roman Catholic High School, Blackburn St Bede 's RC High School is a coeducational Roman Catholic secondary school located in Blackburn in the English county of Lancashire . It is a voluntary aided school administered by Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lancaster . The school offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils , and relocated to a new building in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a751cd13097de4d4234a544e5f58a395", "text": "Matthew Moss High School Matthew Moss High School is a coeducational secondary school located in Rochdale in the English county of Greater Manchester . It is a community school administered by Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council , and offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils . The school also operates the Matthew Moss Sports Centre which offers facilities to the local community as well as for pupils . Facilities include a sports hall , fitness suite and astroturf pitches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "587877c25056470a664d38e2613623fc", "text": "Grammar schools debate The grammar schools debate is a debate about the merits and demerits of the existence of grammar schools in the United Kingdom . Grammar schools are state schools which select their pupils on the basis of academic ability , with pupils sitting an exam ( called the 11-plus ) in the last year of primary school to determine whether or not they gain a place . The debate on selective education has been widened by measures introduced by the Labour government which allow a proportion of students to be chosen based on their `` aptitude '' for a particular subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c2ad3de9ed15c052b3f55655c3ab50e", "text": "Kings Manor Community College Kings Manor Community College ( formerly Kings Manor School ) was a secondary school located in Shoreham-by-Sea , West Sussex . A specialist status state school , Kings Manor closed and reopened as an Academy named Shoreham Academy , with funding from the central government , in September 2009 . Kings Manor School was formed in 1970 by the merger of King 's Manor Girls school in Kingston Lane which had opened in 1959 , with Shoreham and Southwick Senior Boys County school in Middle Road which had opened in 1937 . Initially , the school operated on both sites , but later all facilities were transferred to the Kingston Lane site . The school took in students from years seven through eleven and had an adjoined sixth form college , the student population of which was derived primarily from the main school . The wide catchment area of the school resulted in pupils being taken from diverse social-economic backgrounds . For ease of administration , each year group was divided into ten bands , assigned the letter K or M and a number from 1-5 ( e.g. 9K5 or 10M3 ) . However , beyond this , there was little resemblance to a traditional house system . With regards to uniforms , year seven , eight , and nine pupils wore dark blue shirts while those in years ten and eleven wore pale blue . Local newspaper The Argus commented upon the irony of the school 's first pupil to go onto the University of Oxford in the same year that Secretary of State for Children , Schools and Families Ed Balls threatened the school with closure . This was , however , incorrect , as the government economist Paul Johnson had gone on from the school to Oxford in the mid 1980s . The Education Secretary noted King 's Manor as one of 11 schools in the Sussex area which qualified as `` failing schools '' because less than 30 % of students manage to achieve A-C grades at General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE ) . In 2007 , 23 % of pupils attained five or more GCSEs at Grade C or above including English and Maths , which was roughly half the national average of 46.7 % ; only 11 % of pupils got an A * - C pass in GCSE Science .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c64ed1bd893795a926033189e1b9e413", "text": "Cowen Hamilton Secondary School Cowen Hamilton Secondary School is a school in south Trinidad . Pronounced `` Co-win '' , the school was founded on 16 January 1962 to provide education in the fifth company village , located near Princes Town and Moruga Trinidad . The need for education beyond the primary level led a group of seven visionaries to establish a secondary school . The group comprised members of the Baptist faith ; F. W. Webb , K. Charles , T. Ayers and pastors Chapman , Parkes , Bell and Payne . The dream came to reality on 16 January 1962 when Trinidad and Tobago 's only Baptist secondary school was born . The school was named after two pioneers in secular and religious education namely George Cowen and William Hamilton . George Cowen was a British missionary and educator who established missions in Princes Town . William Hamilton was a local baptist pastor who led the fifth company Baptist church . In 1966 Cowen Hamilton Secondary School became a government assisted secondary school . With the assistance of corporate grants received from British Petroleum , National Petroleum and contributions received from benefactors such as Mr Sookdeo Ramroop , the school expanding rapidly . The Bell Multipurpose Hall was erected in 1989 . Provision was made for administrative offices , improved library facilities , computer science room , an audio visual arts room and an assembly area . The Kern Bungalow was demolished to make way for a new structure . The curriculum includes Physical Sciences and Technical Vocation studies . The advance studies ( CAPE ) started in 1979 . Cowen Hamilton Secondary School has participated in Young Leaders , Public Speaking , Drama Festival and also performances in Parang and Music Festival . ( The history was adapted from `` History Of Cowen '' , published in the school yearbook 2007 by Ms A McKell ( past teacher ) )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ffef96418833d818c37df31286b84ff", "text": "Cumberland School Cumberland School is a comprehensive mixed state secondary school in the London Borough of Newham with 1500 pupils . Every year-group consist of 300 pupils as there is 10 classes of 30 pupils in every year-group . It is situated on Oban Close off Prince Regent Lane close to its junction with Newham Way and has substantial land , sharing facilities with neighbouring Newham Leisure Centre . It is built on the site of the former Woodside Community School .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "299a452be0294c6bc715dd2710de6ffc", "text": "Uckfield School Uckfield School , founded in 1718 , later called Uckfield Grammar School , grew from a small local charity school at Uckfield into a grammar school with about 160 boys , including boarders . It closed in 1930 . At various times the school was also called Dr Saunders 's School and the Saunders Foundation School .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "618997d9c76c3300c8c9e6f8772a6dd0", "text": "Burnley Grammar School Burnley Grammar School was latterly , a state-funded selective boys grammar School , situated in Byron Street in Burnley , England . However , during its long history , it moved between a number of sites in the town .", "title": "" } ]	fever
34cfe56c54a2011e6f311020a23b5491	Chris Hemsworth starred in a movie.	[ { "docid": "b4b1c5e2c5419c64e76db19e69d1f984", "text": "Red Dawn (2012 film) Red Dawn is a 2012 American war film directed by Dan Bradley . The screenplay by Carl Ellsworth and Jeremy Passmore is based on the 1984 film of the same name . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Josh Peck , Josh Hutcherson , Adrianne Palicki , Isabel Lucas , and Jeffrey Dean Morgan . The film centers on a group of young people who defend their hometown from a North Korean invasion . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer announced its intention to remake Red Dawn in May 2008 and subsequently hired Bradley and Ellsworth . The principal characters were cast the following year and the film went into production in September 2009 in Mount Clemens , Michigan . Originally scheduled to be released on November 24 , 2010 , the film was shelved because of MGM 's financial troubles . While in post-production , the invading army and antagonists were changed from Chinese to North Korean in order to maintain access to China 's box office . FilmDistrict bought the worldwide distribution rights in September 2011 and the film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "296b89e6ccb757cfa6f9dc9f9e5b1978", "text": "Chris Hemsworth Chris Hemsworth ( born 11 August 1983 ) is an Australian actor . He is known for playing Kim Hyde in the Australian TV series Home and Away ( 2004-07 ) and Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe since 2011 . Hemsworth has also appeared in the science fiction action film Star Trek ( 2009 ) , the thriller adventure A Perfect Getaway ( 2009 ) , the horror comedy The Cabin in the Woods ( 2012 ) , the dark-fantasy action film Snow White and the Huntsman ( 2012 ) , the war film Red Dawn ( 2012 ) , and the biographical sports drama film Rush ( 2013 ) . In 2015 , he starred in the action thriller film Blackhat , had a comedic role in the fifth installment of National Lampoon 's Vacation series , Vacation , and headlined the biographical thriller film In the Heart of the Sea . The following year , Hemsworth had a supporting role in Sony 's reboot of Ghostbusters . Hemsworth will reprise his role as George Kirk in the upcoming Star Trek sequel .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "451f05a3826b71f6322e8fdf90556a70", "text": "Another Happy Day Another Happy Day is a 2011 American black comedy-drama film written and directed by Sam Levinson . The film stars an ensemble cast including Ellen Barkin , Kate Bosworth , Ellen Burstyn , Thomas Haden Church , George Kennedy , Ezra Miller , Demi Moore , Siobhan Fallon Hogan , Michael Nardelli , Jeffrey DeMunn , and Diana Scarwid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62af8f799649205188d2a460ede223d7", "text": "Rough Magic Rough Magic is a 1995 comedy film directed by Clare Peploe , starring Bridget Fonda and Russell Crowe . It was based on a novel by James Hadley Chase called Miss Shumway Waves a Wand , with the screenplay written by Robert Mundi , William Brookfield , and Clare Peploe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb05879aced42fd1a601c3f79d7295b6", "text": "Mindhunters Mindhunters is a 2004 American-British crime thriller film directed by Renny Harlin and starring Kathryn Morris , LL Cool J , Jonny Lee Miller , Patricia Velásquez , Clifton Collins , Jr. , Christian Slater and Val Kilmer . It was written by Wayne Kramer and Kevin Brodbin ( with an uncredited rewrite by Ehren Kruger ) . Unusually , the last country to receive this film was the United States in 2005 , because of the film 's distribution rights being changed from 20th Century Fox to Dimension Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a579c3ac1ad7002ede96ca0ee83517b", "text": "Livin' It Livin ' It is a Christian themed skateboarding film directed by Stephen Baldwin . The film was shot in Portland , Oregon and stars Stephen Baldwin and skateboarders Jud Heald , Tim Byrne , Luke Braddock , Anthony Carney , Jared Lee , Phil Trotter , and Sierra Fellers . More than 100,000 copies of Livin ' It have been distributed . It combines skateboarding footage with what Baldwin calls a real message about life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08931a3823dd4048a181d7d1130379a", "text": "Kate Winslet filmography Kate Winslet is a British actress and singer who has appeared in numerous films and television series . Her film debut was as Juliet Hulme in the 1994 film Heavenly Creatures . She went on to appear in the later 1990s films Sense and Sensibility as Marianne Dashwood ( 1995 ) , which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , Jude as Sue Bridehead ( 1996 ) , Hamlet as Ophelia ( 1996 ) and Titanic as Rose DeWitt Bukater ( 1997 ) . For her role in Titanic , it earned her Best Actress nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award . In the 2000s , she was cast in Enigma with Dougray Scott ( 2001 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind with Jim Carrey ( 2004 ) , Finding Neverland with Johnny Depp ( 2004 ) , The Holiday with Jack Black ( 2006 ) , The Reader with David Kross ( 2008 ) and Revolutionary Road with Leonardo DiCaprio ( 2008 ) , her second collaboration with him , the first being in Titanic . She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Reader . She also lent her voice to the animated film Flushed Away in 2006 with Hugh Jackman . In 2011 , Winslet starred in the all-star cast films , in Contagion with Marion Cotillard , Matt Damon , Jude Law and Gwyneth Paltrow and in Carnage alongside Jodie Foster , Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly . In 2014 , she played Jeanine Matthews in the first film of the series , Divergent , based on the novel of the same name . She reprised the role in the 2015 sequel Insurgent . In 2015 , she starred in titular role in The Dressmaker and as an ex marketing chief of Apple Joanna Hoffman in a biopic Steve Jobs , earning her seventh Oscar nomination . Her television work includes appearing in several episodes of the series Dark Season in 1991 , and three episodes on Get Back from 1992 to 1993 . In 2005 , she appeared in an episode of Extras as herself and received her first Emmy nomination and went on to win one for her portrayal of Mildred Pierce Beragon in Todd Haynes 's 2011 miniseries Mildred Pierce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d24a144c7f04156412424f0c54ed639d", "text": "Good Kids Good Kids is an American comedy film written and directed by Chris McCoy , the project McCoy 's first feature-length film . The film stars Nicholas Braun , Zoey Deutch , Mateo Arias , Dayo Okeniyi , Julia Garner , and Ashley Judd . The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on October 21 , 2016 , by Vertical Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27ddae4e6dba0677cff0bc8f80d9c944", "text": "Wedlock (film) Wedlock ( originally known as Deadlock ) is a 1991 American science fiction-action television film from HBO Films , directed by Lewis Teague and starring Rutger Hauer , Mimi Rogers , Joan Chen and James Remar . It received an Emmy Nomination for Sound Editing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ce3ebaf34e48b1484ea479a4b4feda1", "text": "Hard Times (1975 film) Hard Times is a 1975 film marking the directorial debut of Walter Hill . It stars Charles Bronson as Chaney , a drifter freighthopping through Louisiana during the Great Depression , who competes in illegal bare-knuckled boxing matches after forming a partnership with the garrulous hustler Speed , played by James Coburn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33b5253b273790f5cf9b0421c406a31a", "text": "A.C.O.D. A.C.O.D. is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Stu Zicherman , based on a script by Zicherman and Ben Karlin , and starring Adam Scott , Amy Poehler , Jessica Alba and Jane Lynch . The name of the film is an abbreviation for Adult Children of Divorce . Teddy Schwarzman produced the film through his Black Bear Pictures production company . Other stars include Richard Jenkins , Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Catherine O'Hara , with Ken Howard and Clark Duke in supporting roles . The film was released in the U.S. on October 4 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b739d80faf0363473f0ffd0809b696f", "text": "Conviction (2010 film) Conviction is a 2010 legal drama film directed by Tony Goldwyn , written by Pamela Gray , and starring Hilary Swank and Sam Rockwell . The film premiered on September 11 , 2010 , at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the US on October 15 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1223cb27a32f7be88ccc6ecdfed41b80", "text": "The Tuxedo The Tuxedo is a 2002 American comedy -- action film directed by Kevin Donovan and starring Jackie Chan , Jennifer Love Hewitt and Jason Isaacs . It is a spy spoof that involves a special tuxedo that grants its wearer special abilities and a corporate terrorist threatening to poison the United States ' fresh water supply with bacteria that spills electrolytes into the blood and totally dehydrates the host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c01a4b0e3eb1d290317612ce3200b4", "text": "Bobby Deerfield Bobby Deerfield is a 1977 American romantic drama film directed by Sydney Pollack , and stars Al Pacino and Marthe Keller . Based on Erich Maria Remarque 's 1961 novel Heaven Has No Favorites , the film is about a famous American race car driver on the European circuit who falls in love with an enigmatic Swiss woman who is terminally ill . For his performance in the film , Al Pacino was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Actor . Parts of the film scenes were filmed in Varenna and Lierna , Lake Como .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "201527d5975d379c612591829f462929", "text": "Chokeslam (film) Chokeslam is a 2016 wrestling/comedy film directed by Robert Cuffley and starring Chris Marquette , Amanda Crew , Niall Matter , Michael Eklund and Mick Foley . It premiered at the Calgary International Film Festival in October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7505099316da113932336f132b8bf1a2", "text": "Money Talks (1997 film) Money Talks is a 1997 American action comedy film directed by Brett Ratner , starring Chris Tucker and Charlie Sheen . This film is the first of four collaborations between Brett Ratner and Chris Tucker , with the other three being the Rush Hour series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3ed33139ddf292ea0c43809d6c8e5e", "text": "Chantal (film) Chantal is a 2007 direct-to-video film written and directed by Tony Marsiglia about a small town girl wanting to make it big in Hollywood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "760d9c4bb19b849a0e4d5da2c8ee0aaa", "text": "Scrawl (film) Scrawl is a 2015 independent British supernatural horror-thriller film written and directed by Peter Hearn and produced by Annabelle Le Gresley and Hearn . It stars Liam Hughes , Joe Daly , Daisy Ridley , Mark Forester Evans , Le Gresley , Nathalie Pownall , Catherine Ruddick and Derek Jones . It tells the story of two best friends , Simon and Joe , who must rewrite the happenings from the comic book , Scrawl , after realizing that the events occurred from the comic begins to happen . It is also Ridley 's film debut just before Star Wars : The Force Awakens . The film received positive reviews . As of 2016 , the film is still lining up for indie horror festivals , playing a longer version than the final cut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d27f6267de78157ff24ae239b3f7e7e", "text": "The Treatment (2006 film) The Treatment is an American romantic comedy film released in 2006 starring Chris Eigeman and Famke Janssen and produced and directed by Oren Rudavsky . It is based on a novel with the same title by Daniel Menaker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d761992b481d6b3eeb1db6a7da2f0e0b", "text": "Christopher St. John Christopher St. John , sometimes credited as Chris St. John , is an African-American film and television actor . He is also a film producer , film director and screenwriter and played a minor role in the television series Remington Steele .", "title": "" } ]	fever
04ebaf877000bc3a9b7911dd6a880cfc	Apollo 11 was launched in April.	[ { "docid": "3d02b0e466507090e35ec33a22ff15b4", "text": "Apollo 11 Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans on the Moon . Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin , both American , landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20 , 1969 , at 20:18 UTC . Armstrong became the first to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC ; Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later . They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft , and collected 47.5 lb of lunar material to bring back to Earth . Michael Collins piloted the command module Columbia alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon 's surface . Armstrong and Aldrin spent just under a day on the lunar surface before rendezvousing with Columbia in lunar orbit . Apollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island , Florida , on July 16 , and was the fifth manned mission of NASA 's Apollo program . The Apollo spacecraft had three parts : a command module ( CM ) with a cabin for the three astronauts , and the only part that landed back on Earth ; a service module ( SM ) , which supported the command module with propulsion , electrical power , oxygen , and water ; and a lunar module ( LM ) that had two stages -- a lower stage for landing on the Moon , and an upper stage to place the astronauts back into lunar orbit . After being sent toward the Moon by the Saturn V 's upper stage , the astronauts separated the spacecraft from it and traveled for three days until they entered into lunar orbit . Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into the lunar module Eagle and landed in the Sea of Tranquility . They stayed a total of about 21.5 hours on the lunar surface . The astronauts used Eagle '' 's upper stage to lift off from the lunar surface and rejoin Collins in the command module . They jettisoned Eagle '' before they performed the maneuvers that blasted them out of lunar orbit on a trajectory back to Earth . They returned to Earth and landed in the Pacific Ocean on July 24 . Broadcast on live TV to a worldwide audience , Armstrong stepped onto the lunar surface and described the event as `` one small step for -LSB- a -RSB- man , one giant leap for mankind . '' Apollo 11 effectively ended the Space Race and fulfilled a national goal proposed in 1961 by U.S. President John F. Kennedy : `` before this decade is out , of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth . ''", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "471544d794f7cf27f6b88e9ee501b98f", "text": "Héroux-Devtek Héroux-Devtek is a Canadian company based in Longueuil , Quebec , specializing in the manufacture and repair of various industrial components , energy , and aviation . The greatest achievement of this undertaking was the landing gear of the Apollo Lunar Module that put Neil Armstrong on the moon as part of the mission Apollo 11 in 1969 . Héroux-Devtek 's activities are grouped into three divisions : Landing gear The components of turbine gas The Aerostructures Division The firm uses various metals such as steel , aluminum , iron , and titanium . March 31 , 2011 , Héroux-Devtek recorded revenues of CA$ 357.6 million and a profit of CA$ 18.5 million . It employs a workforce of 1342 employees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c88a98d3eda410e7d8f39438996be5f", "text": "Super Low Altitude Test Satellite SLATS , the Super Low Altitude Test Satellite , is a JAXA satellite intended to demonstrate operations in very low Earth orbit ( below 200 km ) , using ion engines to cancel out aerodynamic drag and equipped with sensors to determine atomic oxygen density , an exposure facility to measure material degradation in the 200 km orbit , and a small camera . Initial designs had conventional , though slightly canted , solar panels ( compare to the aerodynamic shape and on-body solar panels of GOCE , which flew in a 255 km orbit ) . SLATS will be launched on a H-IIA rocket alongside the GCOM-C satellite to a 630 km orbit , followed by orbit-lowering manoeuvres by a combination of chemical propulsion and aerobraking , with final operation at an altitude below 180 km . The launch is to take place on early 2017 . As of December 2015 , the satellite is manifested for ` FY2016 or later ' on JAXA 's launch schedule page .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09415403810f75476fc23fd45fe0f0be", "text": "Space Launch Initiative The Space Launch Initiative ( SLI ) was a NASA and U.S. Department of Defense joint research and technology project to determine the requirements to meet all the nation 's hypersonics , space launch and space technology needs . The program began with the award of reusable launch vehicle study contracts in 2000 . In November 2002 it was evolved into the Orbital Space Plane Program and the Next Generation Launch Technology Program . The primary goal of this research was to increase safety and reliability and to reduce overall costs associated with building , flying and maintaining the nation 's next generation of space launch vehicles . NASA anticipated that these advances would revitalize the nation 's space transportation capabilities , and dramatically improve NASA 's ability to conduct science and exploration missions in space . \| This program was ended with the cancellation of the X-33 and X-34 and the conclusion of the X-43 programs . NASA changed its focus to Constellation Program . The Space Launch Initiative Propulsion Office , managed by NASA 's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville , Ala. , sought to advance technologies and explore new avenues of space propulsion to develop safer , more reliable and affordable propulsion solutions . Four main engine candidates for a second generation reusable launch vehicle emerged , including two hydrogen-fueled ( COBRA , RS-83 , TR-106 ) and two kerosene-fueled ( RS-84 , TR-107 ) staged combustion engines . California Poly Pomona 's Professor Steven Dobbs was the Lead Systems Engineer on the project , making significant use of the program as an example for failed systems engineering .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42788be86e7c35f4605e9a8376f7b97", "text": "Luna E-6 No.2 Luna E-6 No. 2 , also identified as No. 1 , and sometimes known in the West as Sputnik 25 , was a Soviet spacecraft which launched in 1963 , but was placed into a useless orbit due to a problem with the upper stage of the rocket that launched it . It was a 1500 kg Luna E-6 spacecraft , the first of twelve to be launched , It was intended to be the first spacecraft to perform a soft landing on the Moon , a goal which would eventually be accomplished by the final E-6 spacecraft , Luna 9 . Luna E-6 No. 2 was launched at 08:49 UTC on 4 January 1963 , atop a Molniya-L 8K78L carrier rocket , flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome . The lower stages of the rocket performed nominally , delivering the upper stage and payload into low Earth orbit , however a transformer in the upper stage malfunctioned , which resulted in its ullage motors failing to ignite when the stage began its start-up sequence , sixty six minutes after launch . It remained in low Earth orbit until it decayed on 11 January 1963 . It was the first spacecraft to be launched in 1963 , and consequently the first to be assigned an International Designator , under the new system which had been introduced at the start of the year . The spacecraft consisted of a cylindrical section containing rockets and fuel for manoeuvring , attitude control and landing , as well as radio transmitters , and a 100 kg instrumented probe , which would have been ejected onto the surface after the spacecraft landed , carrying a camera and devices to measure radiation . It was intended to return data on the mechanical characteristics of the lunar surface , the hazards presented by the topology such as craters , rocks , and other obstructions , and radiation , in preparation for future manned landings . The designations Sputnik 33 , and later Sputnik 25 were used by the United States Naval Space Command to identify the spacecraft in its Satellite Situation Summary documents , since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time , and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart geocentric orbit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b159334e065afdd32e119ad7d2a71a7", "text": "Space Shuttle design process See also Space Shuttle program - Conception and development Even before the Project Apollo moon landing in 1969 , NASA began studies of space shuttle designs as early as October 1968 . The early studies were denoted `` Phase A '' , and in June 1970 , `` Phase B '' , which were more detailed and specific . The primary intended use of the space shuttle was supporting the future space station , ferrying a minimum crew of four and about 20000 lb of cargo , and able to be rapidly turned around for future flights . Two designs emerged as front-runners . One was designed by engineers at the Manned Spaceflight Center , and championed especially by George Mueller . This was a two-stage system with delta-winged spacecraft , and generally complex . An attempt to re-simplify was made in the form of the DC-3 , designed by Maxime Faget , who had designed the Mercury capsule among other vehicles . Numerous offerings from a variety of commercial companies were also offered , but generally fell by the wayside as each NASA lab pushed for its own version . All of this was taking place in the midst of other NASA teams proposing a wide variety of post-Apollo missions , a number of which would cost as much as Apollo or more . As each of these projects fought for funding , the NASA budget was at the same time being severely constrained . Three were eventually presented to Vice President Agnew in 1969 . The shuttle project rose to the top , largely due to tireless campaigning by its supporters . By 1970 the shuttle had been selected as the one major project for the short-term post-Apollo time frame . When funding for the program came into question , there were concerns that the project might be cancelled . This led to an effort to interest the US Air Force in using the shuttle for their missions as well . The Air Force was mildly interested , but demanded a much larger vehicle , far larger than the original concepts . To lower the development costs of the resulting designs , boosters were added , a throw-away fuel tank was adopted , and many other changes made that greatly lowered the reusability and greatly added to vehicle and operational costs . With the Air Force 's approval , the system emerged in its operational form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "859d50242c14c1c7e0a75ec13f385668", "text": "Gene Kranz Eugene Francis `` Gene '' Kranz ( born August 17 , 1933 ) is an engineer , a retired NASA Flight Director and manager . Kranz served as a Flight Director , the successor to NASA founding Flight Director Chris Kraft , during the Gemini and Apollo programs , and is best known for his role in directing the successful Mission Control team efforts to save the crew of Apollo 13 , which later became the subject story of a major motion picture of the same name , in which he was portrayed by actor Ed Harris , and serving as flight director during the first lunar landing of Apollo 11 . He is also noted for his trademark close-cut flattop hairstyle , and the wearing of dapper `` mission '' vests ( waistcoats ) , of different styles and materials made by his wife , Marta Kranz , during missions for which he acted as Flight Director . A personal friend of the American astronauts of his time , Kranz remains a prominent and colorful figure in the history of U.S. manned space exploration , the embodiment of `` NASA tough-and-competent '' of the Kranz Dictum . Kranz has been the subject of movies , documentary films , and books and periodical articles . Kranz is a recipient of a Presidential Medal of Freedom . In a 2010 Space Foundation survey , Kranz was ranked as the # 2 most popular space hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66219f8c6f9f6d52af488ce00e1f868e", "text": "Vostok (spacecraft) The Vostok ( Восток , translated as `` East '' ) was a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union . The first human spaceflight in history was accomplished on this spacecraft on April 12 , 1961 , by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin . The spacecraft was part of the Vostok programme in which six manned spaceflights were made from 1961 -- 63 . Two further manned space flights were made in 1964 and 1965 by Voskhod spacecraft , which were modified Vostok spacecraft . By the late 1960s both were superseded by the Soyuz spacecraft , which are still used .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aca0d3e11dc59b3c0416950f8a454f26", "text": "Mars program The Mars program was a series of unmanned spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973 . The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars , and included flyby probes , landers and orbiters . Early Mars spacecraft were small , and launched by Molniya rockets . Starting with two failures in 1969 , the heavier Proton-K rocket was used to launch larger 5 tonne spacecraft , consisting of an orbiter and a lander to Mars . The orbiter bus design was likely somewhat rushed into service and immature , considering that it performed very reliably in the Venera variant after 1975 . This reliability problem was common to much Soviet space hardware from the late 1960s and early 1970s and was largely corrected with a deliberate policy , implemented in the mid-1970s , of consolidating ( or `` debugging '' ) existing designs rather than introducing new ones . The names of the `` Mars '' missions do not need to be translated , as the word `` Mars '' is spelled and pronounced approximately the same way in English and Russian . In addition to the Mars program , the Soviet Union also sent a probe to Mars as part of the Zond program ; Zond 2 , however it failed en route . Two more spacecraft were sent during the Phobos program . In 1996 , Russia launched Mars 96 , its first interplanetary mission since the dissolution of the Soviet Union , however it failed to depart Earth orbit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e04bb1eb026a63854291f1eaf021e09e", "text": "Apollo 9 Apollo 9 was the third manned mission in the United States Apollo space program and the first flight of the Command/Service Module ( CSM ) with the Lunar Module ( LM , pronounced `` lem '' ) . Its three-person crew , consisting of Commander James McDivitt , Command Module Pilot David Scott , and Lunar Module Pilot Rusty Schweickart , spent ten days in low Earth orbit testing several aspects critical to landing on the Moon , including the LM engines , backpack life support systems , navigation systems , and docking maneuvers . The mission was the second manned launch of a Saturn V rocket . After launching on March 3 , 1969 , the crewmen performed the first manned flight of a LM , the first docking and extraction of a LM , two spacewalks ( EVA ) , and the second docking of two manned spacecraft -- two months after the Soviets performed a spacewalk crew transfer between Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 . The mission proved the LM worthy of manned spaceflight . Further tests on the Apollo 10 mission would prepare the LM for its ultimate goal , landing on the Moon . They returned to Earth on March 13 , 1969 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "950902e4a2e90ab11a68b99a9b5e661f", "text": "STS-74 STS-74 was the fourth mission of the US/Russian Shuttle-Mir Program , and the second docking of the Space Shuttle with Mir . Space Shuttle Atlantis lifted off from Kennedy Space Center launch pad 39A on 12 November 1995 . The mission ended 8 days later with the landing of Atlantis back at Kennedy . It was the second in a series of seven straight missions to the station flown by Atlantis . The shuttle delivered a pair of solar arrays along with the Russian-built Mir Docking Module to allow docking with the station by the space shuttle without moving Mir '' 's Kristall module . During the three-day docking , the Russian , Canadian , and American crew transferred supplies and equipment between Atlantis and Mir '' , moved several long-term experiments , and upgraded the station with new equipment , particularly during the installation of the docking module .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "731366d0b75c6216a4292f16c301136b", "text": "The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks is a non-fiction book by Joe Kloc , a former contributing editor for Seed Magazine . It describes the efforts of both Joseph Gutheinz , a NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent turned college professor and his students to locate and find up to 79 missing Apollo 11 and 17 moon rocks and plaques that the United States government gave away to 135 nations of the world , all 50 states and its territories . It begins by telling the story of Operation Lunar Eclipse , the first successful sting operation to recover a piece of the moon brought back by American astronauts , a sting operation the professor led and went undercover in , while still an agent . The sting operation successfully recovered the Honduras Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock that was in the possession of Florida businessman Alan H. Rosen . This operation was funded in part with the financial assistance of H. Ross Perot , billionaire and former Presidential candidate . On October 1 , 2012 , Gutheinz gave a major speech on Operation Lunar Eclipse and the Moon Rock Project before the Engineering Colloquium at NASA 's Goddard Space Flight Center . The speech was entitled `` Finding the Missing Moon Rocks '' , and is preserved on a video at the Space Flight Center Library . In that speech Joe Gutheinz was critical of NASA and the U.S. Government for not turning over the Cyprus Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock to Cyprus , which was also a major topic in Joe Kloc 's novel . On May 16 , 2013 news reports first broke that bowing from pressure from Cyprus the United States Government would give Cyprus its Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b11728272b05f23192f9d6ec9f5f76f", "text": "Eugene Cernan Captain Eugene Andrew `` Gene '' Cernan ( -LSB- ˈsɚ.nən -RSB- March 14 , 1934 -- January 16 , 2017 ) was an American astronaut , naval aviator , electrical engineer , aeronautical engineer , and fighter pilot . On Apollo 17 , Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the Moon and , as the last man to re-enter the Lunar Module , he is as of 2017 the last man to have walked on its surface . He traveled into space three times : as Pilot of Gemini 9A in June 1966 , as Lunar Module Pilot of Apollo 10 in May 1969 , and as Commander of Apollo 17 in December 1972 , the final Apollo lunar landing . Cernan was also a backup crew member for the Gemini 12 , Apollo 7 and Apollo 14 space missions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da3513538bd3fe59d197d6cf45111335", "text": "Pioneer Venus project The Pioneer Venus project was part of the Pioneer program consisting of two spacecraft , the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe , launched to Venus in 1978 . The program was managed by NASA 's Ames Research Center . The Pioneer Venus Orbiter entered orbit around Venus on December 4 , 1978 , and performed observations to characterize the atmosphere and surface of Venus . It continued to transmit data until October 1992 . The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe deployed four small probes into the Venusian atmosphere on December 9 , 1978 . All four probes transmitted data throughout their descent to the surface . One probe survived landing and transmitted data from the surface for over an hour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c2e9c96c79f2ae855cc96b18d6a78c7", "text": "STS-134 STS-134 ( ISS assembly flight ULF6 ) was the penultimate mission of NASA 's Space Shuttle program and the 25th and last spaceflight of . This flight delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer and an ExPRESS Logistics Carrier to the International Space Station . Mark Kelly served as the mission commander . STS-134 was expected to be the final space shuttle mission if STS-135 did not receive funding from Congress . However , in February 2011 , NASA stated that STS-135 would fly `` regardless '' of the funding situation . STS-135 , flown by Atlantis , took advantage of the processing for STS-335 , the Launch On Need mission that would have been necessary if the STS-134 crew became stranded in orbit . Changes in the design of the main payload , AMS-02 , as well as delays to STS-133 , led to delays in the mission . The first launch attempt on 29 April 2011 was scrubbed at 12:20 pm by launch managers due to problems with two heaters on one of the orbiter 's auxiliary power units ( APU ) . Endeavour launched successfully at 08:56:28 EDT ( 12:56:28 UTC ) on 16 May 2011 , and landed for the final time on 1 June 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28aa8111a0813799ea39dfb3bc0be6c0", "text": "STS-34 STS-34 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission using Atlantis . It was the 31st shuttle mission overall , and the fifth flight for Atlantis . STS-34 launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 18 October 1989 , and landed at Edwards Air Force Base , California , on 23 October . During the mission , the Jupiter-bound Galileo probe was deployed into space .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2b8b238f72438bccab243e8969059aa", "text": "Luna E-1 No.3 Luna E-1 No. 3 , sometimes identified by NASA as Luna 1958C , was a Soviet spacecraft which was lost in a launch failure in 1958 . It was a 361 kg Luna E-1 spacecraft , the third of four to be launched , all of which were involved in launch failures . It was intended to impact the surface of the Moon , and in doing so become the first man-made object to reach its surface . The spacecraft was intended to release 1 kg of sodium , in order to create a cloud of the metal which could be observed from Earth , allowing the spacecraft to be tracked . Prior to the release of information about its mission , NASA correctly identified that it had been an attempted Lunar impact mission . Luna E-1 No. 3 was launched on 4 December 1958 atop a Luna 8K72 carrier rocket , flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome . Two hundred and forty five seconds into the flight , a hydrogen peroxide pump seized up due to loss of lubrication , which caused the rocket 's core stage engines to fail .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83e383614e1b22e2d6d36ccbe31d25f9", "text": "Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation , or APOLLO , is a project at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico . It is an extension and advancement of previous Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment , which uses retroreflectors on the Moon to track changes in lunar orbital distance and motion . Using telescopes on Earth , the reflectors on the Moon , and accurate timing of laser pulses , by the early 2000s scientists could measure and predict the orbit of the Moon to an accuracy of a few centimeters . This already impressive accuracy ( the Moon is typically about 385,000 km away ) provides the best known test of many aspects of our theories of gravity . APOLLO improves this even further , measuring the distance between the Moon to an accuracy of a few millimeters . Using this information , scientists will be able to further test various aspects of gravity : do the Earth and the Moon react the same to gravity despite their different compositions ? Does the energy content of the Earth and the Moon react to gravity in the same way as Einstein predicts ? In general , does Einstein 's General Relativity correctly predict the motion of the Moon , or are new theories required ? The APOLLO collaboration built their apparatus on the 3.5 meter telescope at Apache Point in southern New Mexico . By using a large telescope at a site with good atmospheric `` seeing '' , the APOLLO collaboration gets much stronger reflections than any existing facilities . ( Strong is a relative term here -- APOLLO records approximately one returned laser photon per pulse , as opposed to the roughly 0.01 photon-per-pulse average experienced by previous LLR facilities . ) The stronger return signal from APOLLO translates to much more accurate measurements .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b4709c39e6278ad535e8d46646ad493", "text": "Ronald Evans (astronaut) Ronald Ellwin `` Ron '' Evans Jr. ( November 10 , 1933 -- April 7 , 1990 ) , ( Capt , USN ) , was an American naval officer and aviator , electrical engineer , aeronautical engineer , and NASA astronaut , also one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon . Evans was selected as an astronaut by NASA as part of Astronaut Group 5 in 1966 and made his first and only flight into space as Command Module Pilot aboard Apollo 17 in 1972 , the last manned mission to the Moon to date , with Commander Eugene Cernan and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt . During the flight , he orbited the Moon as his two crewmates descended to the surface . Consequently , he is the last person to orbit the Moon alone and holds the record for the longest lunar orbit by a human at 148 hours . In 1975 Evans served as backup Command Module Pilot for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "770ca7b0b122323c1a8b83340e25c9dc", "text": "NASA Space Flight Medal The NASA Space Flight Medal is a decoration of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . According to its statutes , it is awarded `` for significant achievement or service during individual participation as a civilian or military astronaut , pilot , mission specialist , payload specialist , or other space flight participant in a space flight mission . '' In practice , the medal is bestowed upon any astronaut ( US or foreign ) who flies aboard a United States space mission , and typically every subsequent flight is honored with an additional award . Multiple awards of the decoration are annotated either by award stars or oak leaf clusters ( depending on the civilian or military status of the recipient and , if military , the branch of service ) . The NASA Space Flight Medal is also authorized for wear on active uniforms of the United States military and is worn after all military decorations . For those who perform an act of gallantry or heroic action while engaged in a U.S. space mission , NASA also presents an award known as the Congressional Space Medal of Honor . This is separate award from the Medal of Honor which is a U.S. military decoration for extreme bravery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e6872f69d0e7e8b2159390d2a5eb12a", "text": "Explorer 1 Explorer 1 was the first satellite of the United States , launched as part of its participation in the International Geophysical Year . The mission followed the first two satellites the previous year ; the Soviet Union 's Sputnik 1 and 2 , beginning the Cold War Space Race between the two nations . Explorer 1 was launched on January 31 , 1958 at 22:48 Eastern Time ( equal to February 1 , 03:48 UTC ) atop the first Juno booster from LC-26 at the Cape Canaveral Missile Annex , Florida . It was the first spacecraft to detect the Van Allen radiation belt , returning data until its batteries were exhausted after nearly four months . It remained in orbit until 1970 , and has been followed by more than 90 scientific spacecraft in the Explorer series . Explorer 1 was given Satellite Catalog Number 4 , and the Harvard designation 1958 Alpha 1 , the forerunner to the modern International Designator .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e448ea9bde4596f1070ee5d2f61f6abb	Lee Min-ho was born in the 1980s.	[ { "docid": "6009d20851ff9c0c8f05234d36304f73", "text": "Lee Min-ho (actor, born 1987) Lee Min-ho ( , born June 22 , 1987 ) is a South Korean actor and singer . He first gained widespread fame in Korea and parts of Asia with his role as Gu Jun-pyo in Boys Over Flowers in 2009 . The role won him a Best New Actor award at the 45th Baeksang Arts Awards . He is noted for his leading roles in City Hunter ( 2011 ) , The Heirs ( 2013 ) and The Legend of the Blue Sea ( 2016 ) . The success of Lee 's television dramas throughout Asia established him as a top Hallyu star . Lee starred in his first leading role in film with Gangnam Blues ( 2015 ) , followed by his first China-produced film Bounty Hunters ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8d07d53d39d1e52364b31d8ad2397163", "text": "Lee Jong-min (swimmer) Lee Jong-Min ( 이 종민 born March 8 , 1982 ) is a South Korean former swimmer , who specialized in backstroke events . Lee competed only in the men 's 200 m backstroke at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . He posted a FINA B-standard entry time of 2:05.44 from the Dong-A Swimming Tournament in Ulsan . He challenged seven other swimmers in heat two , including Cuba 's Olympic bronze medalist Neisser Bent . Because only a single swimmer scratched from his heat , Lee closed out the field to last place by a 2.09-second deficit behind winner Bent in 2:07.14 . Lee failed to advance into the semifinals , as he placed thirty-ninth overall in the prelims .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38bcdd2dc04e6ab6864a9151d4b0798c", "text": "Lee Isaac Chung Lee Isaac Chung ( born October 19 , 1978 ) is a Korean American film director and screenwriter . His debut feature Munyurangabo ( 2007 ) was an Official Selection at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival . The first narrative feature film in the Kinyarwanda language , the film was an Official Selection at the Cannes Film Festival , the Berlin Film Festival , the Toronto International Film Festival , the Busan International Film Festival . American critic Roger Ebert calls it `` in every frame a beautiful and powerful film -- a masterpiece . '' For the film , Chung was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award and the Breakthrough Director Award at the Gotham Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14209e895da55732e1f39f7ade9da516", "text": "Lee Jung-woon Lee Jung-Woon ( born May 5 , 1980 ) is a South Korean football player who plays for Gangneung City on loan from Gangwon FC in the K-League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca48097d586c1e2210d1d2487637cad0", "text": "Lee Beom-seok (foreign minister) Lee Bum Suk ( 1925 -- 1983 , revised romanization I Beom-seok ) was the Foreign Minister of South Korea from 1982 until his death . He was among the victims of the Rangoon bombing in 1983 . He graduated from Korea University in 1946 , and attended University of Maryland in 1961 and George Washington University in 1963 . He served as Head of the Korean Junior Red Cross , Head of the International Organizations division for the Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1961 , and continued to serve as Assistant to the Ambassador at the UN and the United States , Head of Protocols , Ambassador to Tunisia , Vice President of the Korean Red Cross , Head Representative for the North-South Korea Red Cross talks , Ambassador to India , Head of the Center for Reunification , Secretary-General for the Committee for Peaceful Reunification Policies , and Head Secretary for the President before he became the Foreign Minister in 1983 . Category :1925 births Category :1983 deaths Category : Government ministers of South Korea Category : Assassinated South Korean politicians Category : People murdered in Myanmar Category : South Korean people murdered abroad Category : South Korean terrorism victims Category : South Korean diplomats Category : Deaths by explosive device Category : Korea University alumni Category : George Washington University alumni Category : Foreign ministers of South Korea", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9344bc432bec720946bbd85817bfeb3b", "text": "Lee Hoon (actor) Lee Hoon ( born May 6 , 1973 ) is a South Korean actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c702312d0454ae4c3e30b23ffa0f934c", "text": "Adrian Lee Adrian Lee ( born 9 September 1957 , London , England ) is an English musician , known especially for his brass instrumentation work with several well-known acts of the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33761afa2f6f8918b54a6e2d6b8ac47a", "text": "Lee Byung-woo Lee Byung-woo ( ; born January 22 , 1965 ) is a South Korean guitarist and composer of film scores . He has composed music for more than twenty films , including the segment `` Memories '' in Three ( 2002 ) , A Tale of Two Sisters ( 2003 ) , All for Love ( 2005 ) , The Host ( 2006 ) and Mother ( 2009 ) . Lee 's music for A Tale of Two Sisters was described by OhmyNews as `` one of the best film scores ever composed for a Korean film '' . He won Best Music at the 2004 Shanghai International Film Festival for Untold Scandal , and in 2006 his score for The King and the Clown won the same accolade at the Blue Dragon Film Awards . In 2007 , Lee received a further Best Music nomination at the 44th Grand Bell Awards for For Horowitz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9292b3539881e46c6065cfec72c3c621", "text": "Lee Sung-min (actor) Lee Sung-min ( born December 4 , 1968 ) is a South Korean actor . He is best known for his supporting roles on television and film , notably his much-praised performances in Golden Time ( 2012 ) , Broken ( 2014 ) , and Misaeng ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27223573e395f20966e8b9c84660eb54", "text": "Yeon Min-ji Lee Min-ji ( born May 14 , 1984 ) , better known as stage name Yeon Min-ji , is a South Korean actress and singer . She is also active in Japanese entertainment under the mononym .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23fe9ba708ba2da85377a4147d1c8081", "text": "Lee Ho-sung (fencer) Lee Ho-sung ( born 8 March 1968 ) is a South Korean fencer . He competed in the team foil events at the 1992 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c7907ee103e053b923c0d7a27d73214", "text": "Lee Chung-hee (basketball) Lee Chung-Hee ( Hangul : 이충희 ) ( born November 7 , 1959 in Cheolwon , Gangwon Province , South Korea ) is a retired South Korean basketball player . He played as a shooting guard . Widely considered as the best Asian perimeter shooter of all time , Lee Chung Hee was named to the Most Valuable Player of the 14th Asian Basketball Championship , albeit South Korea lost to China at the final in 1987 . He is 182 cm ( 5 ft 11 in ) tall . He competed at the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games , where the South Korean team finished in ninth position . His former teams include Hyundai Electronics and Hung Kuo Elephants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "349c90d9e67eed9377a78c4aca917893", "text": "Lee Min-hyuk Lee Min-hyuk , ( ; born November 29 , 1990 ) , better known by the mononym Minhyuk , is a South Korean singer , rapper , songwriter and actor . He is a member of the South Korean boy group BtoB . He received multiple supporting roles in television series such as A New Leaf and Sweet , Savage Family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d461968a76125580356540ba6e0926ca", "text": "Lee Seung-hoon (boxer) Lee Seung-hoon ( Hangul : 이승훈 , Hanja : 李承勳 ; born July 26 , 1960 in Cheongwon , Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea ) is a former boxer from South Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2665d589ea5d37cab357121c65d2cd64", "text": "Lee Jung-su Lee Jung-su ( ; -LSB- i.dʑʌŋ.su -RSB- ; born November 30 , 1989 ) is a South Korean short track speed skater . He is a two-time Olympic Champion from 2010 Winter Olympics . Lee won one distances and became second overall at the 2008 World Junior Championships in Bolzano . He won 2009-2010 Overall World Cup . At the 2010 Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver , Lee won two gold medal in the 1000m and 1500m events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f548f080aea1dc20d4ac6ff46419609b", "text": "Min-jung (name) Min-jung , also spelled Min-jeong , is a Korean feminine given name . The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 27 hanja with the reading `` min '' and 75 hanja with the reading `` jung '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be used in given names . People with this name include : Entertainers Yeo Min-jeong ( voice actress ) ( fl . 2000s ) , South Korean voice actress Seo Min-jung ( born 1979 ) , South Korean actress Lee Min-jung ( born 1982 ) , South Korean actress Kim Min-jung ( actress ) ( born 1982 ) , South Korean actress Han Yeo-reum ( born 1983 ) , stage name Seo Min-jeong , South Korean actress Sportspeople Ku Min-jung ( born 1973 ) , South Korean volleyball player Kim Min-jung ( speed skater ) ( born 1985 ) , South Korean speed skater Kim Min-jung ( badminton ) ( born 1986 ) , South Korean badminton player Kwak Min-jeong ( born 1994 ) , South Korean figure skater Kim Min-jung ( sport shooter ) ( born 1997 ) , South Korean sport shooter Choi Min-jeong ( born 1998 ) , South Korean short track speed skater Other Michael Yang ( born Yang Min-jeong , 1962 ) , South Korean-born American entrepreneur Mina Cheon ( born Cheon Min-jeong , 1973 ) , South Korean-born American new media artist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f16bf57dad0835a7c9bd0c4e52c37603", "text": "Lee Ye-ra Lee Ye-ra ( -LSB- 이예라 , , Yi Ye-ra -RSB- born 14 September 1987 in Kangwon-do ) is a South Korean tennis player . Her highest singles ranking to date is World No. 178 , achieved in September 2008 . Her highest doubles ranking to date is World No. 215 , achieved in February 2008 . She has won ten ITF singles titles and seven ITF doubles titles . Lee reached the second round of the 2013 KDB Korea Open defeating Daria Gavrilova in the first round before falling to Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova . Playing for South Korea at the Fed Cup , Lee has a win -- loss record of 12 -- 11 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb26db35830280585f6c3d1be1341e09", "text": "Kim Seong-ho Kim Seong-ho ( born 3 December 1964 ) is a South Korean modern pentathlete . He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96bc10de6233f9102abe0fcb61c7f4f8", "text": "Lee Sun-hee (singer) Lee Sun-hee ( ; born December 14 , 1964 ) is a South Korean ballad singer who debuted in 1984 with the song `` To J '' . In her home country , she is widely regarded as the most successful and skilled vocalist in the country , earning her the nicknames '' 국민디바 '' ( `` National Diva '' ) and '' 여가왕 '' ( Queen of Female Vocalists ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08e5b5781ff5e909e1f66371dacec91d", "text": "Kim Min-ho Kim Min-Ho ( born 13 May 1985 ) is a South Korean football player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbe4d22fd482f53714da0ec3753e4f69", "text": "Kang Min-ho Kang Min-ho ( Hangul : 강민호 , Hanja : 姜珉鎬 ) ( born August 18 , 1985 in Jeju City , Jeju-do , South Korea ) is a catcher who plays for the Lotte Giants in the Korea Baseball Organization . He contracted with Giants as a Free Agent player for 7.5 billion ( 6.8 million $ ) on 13 November 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
644a195d5d12dd7d633a5e67ce347c40	Donnie Wahlberg is a person.	[ { "docid": "b93d798ddeafe2b11bb79d6a1eb538e3", "text": "Donnie Wahlberg Donald Edmond `` Donnie '' Wahlberg Jr. . ( born August 17 , 1969 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , record producer , and film producer . He is a founding member of the boy band New Kids on the Block . Outside of music , he has had roles in the Saw films , The Sixth Sense , Dreamcatcher , and Righteous Kill , also appearing in the World War II miniseries Band of Brothers as First Lieutenant Carwood Lipton . From 2002 to 2003 , he starred in the crime drama Boomtown . He has been starring in the drama series Blue Bloods as Danny Reagan with Tom Selleck ( his TV father ) and Bridget Moynahan ( his TV sister ) since 2010 , and since 2014 is an executive producer of the TNT reality television show Boston 's Finest . He was nominated for Choice Scream at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards for his work in the Saw films . He has also produced and starred in `` Rock this Boat '' , `` Donnie Loves Jenny '' and `` Return of the Mac '' on Pop TV .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f02e7940ff508daf0452607a62e1748b", "text": "Donnie Bell Donnie Bell ( born March 3 , 1963 ) is an American politician . He is a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 21st District , being first elected in 2007 . He is a member of the Republican party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6824ea1eab85c21438c65f7b681406", "text": "List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award . Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e98b17573fc9b62d0f91d23932fc86c4", "text": "Look-alike A look-alike , or double , is a person who closely resembles another person . In popular Western culture , a look-alike is a person who bears a close physical resemblance to a celebrity , politician , or member of royalty . Many look-alikes earn a living by making guest appearances at public events or by performing on television or film , playing the person they resemble . A large variety of celebrity look-alike images can be found throughout the web , including images placed by professional agencies that offer their services . Look-alikes have also figured prominently , at least since the 19th century , in literature ; and since the 20th century , in films and television programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8308e801fad44d649bf01fafdaafcb", "text": "The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster . The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00b7abb9422068ffd8ce9cd7ca194ac5", "text": "Porn groove Porn groove ( or porno groove ) is the music soundtrack to typical pornographic films , or a genre of music that imitates such music . The electric guitar with wah-wah pedal is the most common instrument associated with porn groove , and synonymous with the genre . Simple , often minimalistic-sounding drums , with the rimshot sound being commonly associated with porn groove . In some movies such as the popular and influential Deep Throat , the film is cut with the music in mind , making the thrust in the scenes flow with the music . However , porn groove in the 2000s was phased out largely because of the growing popularity of dirty rap , a form of music that combines sexual lyrics with hip hop . Dirty hip hop songs have become soundtracks to straight porn movies instead of the traditional porn groove . A palm muted electric guitar riff with a wah-wah pedal and reverb is one of the signature sounds of porno groove .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383f683414572849c927d55424f578ff", "text": "Beverly Hills Film Festival The Beverly Hills Film Festival ( BHFF ) is a film festival in the United States founded in 2001 by independent filmmaker Nino Simone . The festival is an international competition dedicated to showcasing the art and talent of emerging filmmakers and screenplay writers from around the world . The festival lasts five days and is reportedly attended by more than 20,000 people a year . Venues include the AMPAS , Writers Guild , Chinese Theater and The Clarity Theatre . The festival winds up with the black tie awards ceremony . In 2013 the festival was launched internationally with an event in Tokyo . The BHFF emphasizes awards to first-time filmmakers . On the final night of the Festival , the jury ( usually made up of film professionals from all over the globe ) presents its awards , including the Golden Palm Award for best picture , at a black-tie gala at the Four Seasons Beverly Wilshire Hotel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeb8c1992a7e475737f5b6d88b63774d", "text": "Donnie Yen Donnie Yen ( born 27 July 1963 ) , also known as Yen Chi Tan , is a Hong Kong actor , martial artist , film director , producer , action choreographer , and multiple-time world wushu tournament champion . Yen is credited by many for contributing to the popularisation of the traditional martial arts style known as Wing Chun . He played Wing Chun grandmaster Ip Man in the 2008 film Ip Man , which was a box office success . This has led to an increase in the number of people taking up Wing Chun , leading to hundreds of new Wing Chun schools being opened up in mainland China and other parts of Asia . Ip Chun , the eldest son of Ip Man , even mentioned that he is grateful to Yen for making his family art popular and allowing his father 's legacy to be remembered . Yen is considered to be one of Hong Kong 's top action stars ; director Peter Chan mentioned that he `` is the ` it ' action person right now '' and `` has built himself into a bona fide leading man , who happens to be an action star . '' Yen is widely credited for bringing mixed martial arts ( MMA ) into the mainstream of Chinese culture by choreographing MMA in many of his recent films . Yen has displayed notable skills in a wide variety of martial arts , being well-versed in Tai chi chuan , boxing , kickboxing , Jeet Kune Do , Hapkido , Taekwondo , karate , Muay Thai , wrestling , Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu , Judo , Wing Chun , and Wushu . Seen as one of the most popular film stars in Asia of the early 2000s , Yen was one of the highest paid actors in Asia in 2009 . Yen earned HK$ 220 million ( US$ 28.4 million ) from four films and six advertisements in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57a4179df61e794bc018be111d756bff", "text": "Kings of South Beach Kings of South Beach is a film written by Nicholas Pileggi about an infamous operator of nightclubs in the South Beach section of Miami Beach , Florida . The lead character is portrayed by Jason Gedrick ; his best friend is portrayed by Donnie Wahlberg . The film premiered on March 12 , 2007 on the A&E Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db78e203bc4ec780312679f68b51ceb0", "text": "Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film 's suitability for certain audiences based on its content . The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme that is not enforced by law ; films can be exhibited without a rating , although many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films . Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating . Other media , such as television programs and video games , is rated by other entities such as the ESRB and the TV Parental Guidelines . The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems that are used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children . It is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration ( CARA ) , an independent division of the MPAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17deab5c681d409d9cd1239594dcccd4", "text": "Donnie (dog) Donnie is a Doberman Pinscher dog who came to the attention of science due to his penchant for arranging his plush toys in geometric forms . His owner rescued him from an animal shelter , and at first he was slow to learn , and very reluctant to interact socially with her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "362c3939e09ac52d36482da6f8dd29eb", "text": "Daddy's Home (film) Daddy 's Home is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Brian Burns , Anders and John Morris . The film is about a mild-mannered step-father ( Will Ferrell ) who vies for the attention of his wife 's children ( Linda Cardellini ) when their real father ( Mark Wahlberg ) comes back . The second collaboration between Ferrell and Wahlberg following the 2010 film The Other Guys , principal photography began on November 17 , 2014 in New Orleans , Louisiana . The film was released on December 25 , 2015 by Paramount Pictures , received mixed reviews and grossed more than $ 242 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc08b670381982b45e9a3bc34d5d9d91", "text": "The Devil's Advocate (1997 film) The Devil 's Advocate ( marketed as Devil 's Advocate ) is a 1997 American supernatural drama thriller film based on Andrew Neiderman 's novel of the same name . It is directed by Taylor Hackford , and stars Keanu Reeves , Al Pacino and Charlize Theron . The film 's title is a reference to the commonly used phrase `` devil 's advocate '' , and Pacino 's character is named after the author of Paradise Lost , John Milton . The movie has some minor allusions to Milton 's epic , such as the famous quotation `` Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013bd4e2289fb2bce00bbea67b5d7a5a", "text": "Legend of the Wolf Legend of the Wolf , alternatively known as The New Big Boss in American and British DVD releases , is a 1997 Hong Kong action-martial arts film directed and produced by , and starring Donnie Yen . The film also marked Yen 's debut as a film director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b10e9afb6d9a95ed56bf52dcdd8261c", "text": "Donnie Darko (soundtrack) The Donnie Darko soundtrack was created by Michael Andrews and released in 2002 . It consisted of 16 instrumental tracks and two covers of `` Mad World '' by Tears for Fears .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa01a28988dd862190f41d40ce54fe35", "text": "Dirty Dancing (song) `` Dirty Dancing '' is the third overall single from New Kids on the Block 's 2008 album , The Block . It was produced by RedOne . The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" } ]	fever
98d9225ca722ef794510afdacdac4afa	The Land Before Time is a 1988 live-action film.	[ { "docid": "7439584e1e8b5be5b66c05281fb866f1", "text": "The Land Before Time The Land Before Time is a 1988 American-Irish animated adventure drama film directed and produced by Don Bluth and executive produced by Steven Spielberg , George Lucas , Kathleen Kennedy , and Frank Marshall . Produced by Sullivan Bluth Studios , Amblin Partners ' Amblin Entertainment and Lucasfilm ( despite not receiving an official credit nor the film 's marketing bearing the studio 's logo ) , it features dinosaurs living in the prehistoric times . The plot concerns a young Brontosaurus named Littlefoot who is orphaned when his mother is killed by a Tyrannosaurus . Littlefoot flees famine and upheaval to search for the Great Valley , an area spared from devastation . On his journey , he meets four young companions : Cera , Ducky , Petrie , and Spike , a Spike-tail . The film explores issues of prejudice between the different species and the hardships they endure in their journey as they are guided by the spirit of Littlefoot 's mother and also forced to deal with the murderous T-Rex that killed her . This is the only Don Bluth film of the 1980s in which Dom DeLuise did not participate ( instead , he starred in Disney 's Oliver & Company that same year ) , and the only film in The Land Before Time series that is not a musical , as well as the only one to be released theatrically worldwide . Released by Universal Pictures on November 18 , 1988 , the film was a critical and financial success , and spawned a multimillion-dollar franchise with thirteen direct-to-video sequels and a television series ( without involvement from Bluth , Spielberg , or Lucas ) as well as merchandise ( toys , video games , etc. ) and a television series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "11317fd880db4d5a40fad3c2a5130106", "text": "Sweet Hearts Dance Sweet Hearts Dance is a 1988 American comedy drama film directed by Robert Greenwald . The screenplay by Ernest Thompson centers on two small town couples , one married for several years and the other at the beginning of their relationship . The film was shot on location in Hyde Park , Vermont at Brendan Mullins ' house . Mayor of Burlington , future Vermont Senator and 2016 presidential candidate Bernie Sanders makes a cameo appearance in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82fb1d2b823720155d3f759dbbcb0858", "text": "Barracuda (1988 film) Barracuda is a 1988 Australian TV film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3f41802bc375da1d475708fe85db54e", "text": "Rapid Fire (1989 film) Rapid Fire is a 1989 American action film produced by Action International Pictures and directed by David A. Prior . It was filmed in Mobile , Alabama and it is the last film appearance of Joe Spinell , who died shortly after filming ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "822b15e6f4379591f8a2b51ef93a0f2c", "text": "Boulevard of Broken Dreams (film) Boulevard of Broken Dreams is a 1988 Australian film . It was the first movie from Boulevard Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffc2df1389dc4036112c722aa1cdf2f3", "text": "The Moderns The Moderns is a 1988 film by Alan Rudolph , which takes place in 1926 Paris during the period of the Lost Generation and at the height of modernist literature . The film stars Keith Carradine , Linda Fiorentino and John Lone among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52fbbbe6007822f121186a8cd4b683ea", "text": "Donald Land is a Family Computer video game produced by Data East , in 1988 . It is a side-scrolling platforming game featuring Ronald McDonald and McDonald characters . The game 's only background music is a derivative of the classic McDonald 's theme song as heard through Japanese televisions of the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d404d064ded46672e55f8c70105444e0", "text": "Haunted Summer Haunted Summer is a 1988 drama film directed by Ivan Passer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6263f9cc0a57f59345bff8ab906a89c", "text": "11/22/63 11/22/63 is a novel by Stephen King about a time traveler who attempts to prevent the assassination of President John F. Kennedy , which occurred on November 22 , 1963 ( the novel 's titular date ) . The novel was announced on King 's official site on March 2 , 2011 . A short excerpt was released online on June 1 , 2011 , and another excerpt was published in the October 28 , 2011 , issue of Entertainment Weekly . The novel was published on November 8 , 2011 and quickly became a number-one bestseller . It stayed on The New York Times Best Seller list for 16 weeks . 11/22/63 won the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Best Mystery/Thriller and the 2012 International Thriller Writers Award for Best Novel , and was nominated for the 2012 British Fantasy Award for Best Novel and the 2012 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel . The novel required considerable research to accurately portray the late 1950s and early 1960s . King commented on the amount of research it required , saying `` I 've never tried to write anything like this before . It was really strange at first , like breaking in a new pair of shoes . '' The novel was adapted into a 2016 Hulu television series , 11.22.63 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c11e704660c17a6225d299c8491a4b03", "text": "Blue Skies (1988 TV series) Blue Skies is an American drama that aired from June 13 until August 1 , 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3dd15c8f78df6d9b8ef19b8c24892bd", "text": "Above the Law (film) Above the Law ( also known as Nico ) is a 1988 American action film written , produced and directed by Andrew Davis , and also produced by and starring Steven Seagal in his film debut . The film co-stars Pam Grier , Sharon Stone , Daniel Faraldo and Henry Silva . This came about after a successful screen test , financed by Michael Ovitz , leading to Seagal being offered a contract by Warner Bros. . The film was set and filmed on location in Chicago . The film was released in the United States on April 8 , 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64f8e29840150fed98e947e4ff37c840", "text": "Moving Target (1988 American film) Moving Target is a 1988 American television film directed by Chris Thomson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acfe047077ae8ed44087ea8e87d46f8c", "text": "A Time of Destiny A Time of Destiny is a 1988 American drama film directed by Gregory Nava and written by Nava and Anna Thomas . The story is based on the opera La forza del destino by Giuseppe Verdi . The motion picture was executive produced by Shep Gordon and Carolyn Pfeiffer . It features original music by veteran composer Ennio Morricone . Set during World War II in Italy and San Diego , the film tells of two friends who become enemies during the war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8b55fbc959de57831027e30951445ac", "text": "1988 Academy Awards 1988 Academy Awards may refer to : 60th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1988 61st Academy Awards , the 1989 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1988", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca830f4d08e529fee74b94f6b1eecca5", "text": "Histoire(s) du cinéma Histoire ( s ) du cinéma ( -LSB- is.twaʁ dy si.ne.ma -RSB- ) is an 8-part video project begun by Jean-Luc Godard in the late 1980s and completed in 1998 . The longest , at 266 minutes , and one of the most complex of Godard 's films , Histoire ( s ) du cinéma is an examination of the history of the concept of cinema and how it relates to the 20th century ; in this sense , it can also be considered a critique of the 20th century and how it perceives itself . The project is considered by many the most important work of the late period of Godard 's career . Histoire ( s ) du cinéma is always referred to by its French title , because of the word play it implies : histoire means both `` history '' and `` story , '' and the s in parentheses gives the possibility of a plural . Therefore , the phrase Histoire ( s ) du cinéma simultaneously means The History of Cinema , Histories of Cinema , The Story of Cinema and Stories of Cinema . Similar double or triple meanings , as well as puns , are a recurring motif throughout Histoire ( s ) and much of Godard 's work . The film was screened out of competition at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival . Nine years later , it was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1997 Festival . The soundtrack was released as a 5-CD boxed set on the ECM record label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d8a426bdb95dc869037d94520ed945", "text": "The Blood of Heroes The Blood of Heroes is a 1989 post-apocalyptic film directed by David Webb Peoples and starring Rutger Hauer and Joan Chen . The film is also known by the names The Salute of the Jugger and Salute to the Jugger . The film has inspired the creation of the sport Jugger . It has also found its way into Amtgard , a live action role-playing game which has been playing the game for almost 20 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60383b313c5baaf2c67109df4ba3aa9e", "text": "Without a Clue Without a Clue is a 1988 British comedy film directed by Thom Eberhardt and starring Michael Caine and Ben Kingsley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25d133601a216cdc0c0772bf833ab173", "text": "Distant Thunder (1988 film) Distant Thunder is a 1988 American drama film directed by Rick Rosenthal and starring John Lithgow and Ralph Macchio .", "title": "" } ]	fever
594264e2f6fdfc8818b40f033ed39f0e	Sarah Palin is Australian.	[ { "docid": "1ddf587040b966fbe7184dfeaa7781c0", "text": "Sarah Palin Sarah Louise Palin ( -LSB- ˈpeɪlᵻn -RSB- née Heath ; born February 11 , 1964 ) is an American politician , commentator , and author who served as the ninth Governor of Alaska from 2006 until her resignation in 2009 . As the Republican Party nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2008 election alongside presidential nominee , Arizona Senator John McCain , she was the first Alaskan on the national ticket of a major political party and the first Republican woman selected as a vice presidential candidate . Also , her book Going Rogue has sold more than two million copies . She was elected to the Wasilla city council in 1992 and became mayor of Wasilla in 1996 . In 2003 , after an unsuccessful run for lieutenant governor , she was appointed chair of the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission , responsible for overseeing the state 's oil and gas fields for safety and efficiency . She was the youngest person and the first woman to be elected Governor of Alaska . Since her resignation as Governor , she has endorsed and campaigned for the Tea Party movement as well as several candidates in multiple election cycles , prominently including Donald Trump for President in 2016 . From 2010 to 2015 , she provided political commentary for Fox News . On April 3 , 2014 , Palin premiered her TV show , Amazing America with Sarah Palin , on the Sportsman Channel , which ran until February 12 , 2015 . On July 27 , 2014 , Palin launched the online news network called the Sarah Palin Channel , which was closed on July 4 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "246fc3cc221a4c4179d48ec10a9b89f9", "text": "Conservation in Australia Conservation in Australia is an issue of state and federal policy . Australia is one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world , with a large portion of species endemic to Australia . Preserving this wealth of biodiversity is important for future generations . Animal habitats like reefs and forests must be preserved in order to preserve population and diversity of animal species . Conservation is vital for future study and for field research to be taken , and because biological richness is an unmeasurable aesthetic that may be developed into commercial recreational attractions . According to Janine Benyus , the potential for advances in biomimicry in Australia are great because the extreme weather and conditions found here provide an excellent evolutionary incubator . Research on natural processes can only occur if habitat is preserved and organisms continue to thrive . Federal and State governments manage protected areas and national parks ; a number of non-governmental organizations are also involved in conservation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "941e21d4409bfcbcf8e21d2bcedd6bb1", "text": "Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre ( AUSTRAC ) is an Australian government financial intelligence agency set up to monitor financial transactions to identify money laundering , organised crime , tax evasion , welfare fraud and terrorism . AUSTRAC was established in 1989 under the Financial Transaction Reports Act 1988 and continued in existence under the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 ( AML/CTF Act ) . AUSTRAC 's head office is in Sydney , New South Wales . The Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 ( Cth ) came into law on 12 December 2006 , and extended the existing monitoring regime to cover financing of terrorism and listed terrorist organisations . Under Division 103 of the Criminal Code Act 1995 ( Cth ) , it is illegal to finance terrorism . The Attorney-General 's Department maintains a list of outlawed terror organisations . In 2014 AUSTRAC released a report , Terrorism financing in Australia 2014 , which says , `` Terrorism financing poses a serious threat to Australians and Australian interests at home and abroad . '' Australia is a member of the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units and an observer in the Camden Assets Recovery Interagency Network and is a member of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering ( FATF ) and the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes . Certain classes of financial services are required to be reported to AUSTRAC , in particular bank cash transactions ( i.e. , notes and coins ) of A$ 10,000 or more , as well as suspicious transactions and all international transfers . The information that AUSTRAC collects is available for use by law enforcement , revenue , regulatory , security and other agencies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd8c373c348b60904e86665cd42de481", "text": "Internet television in Australia Internet television in Australia is the digital distribution of movies and television content via the Internet . In Australia , Internet television is provided by five major pay-per-view providers , in addition to several niche television streaming services . Australia 's five major free-to-air television networks all offer catch up TV of previously broadcast content to watch via the Internet or via podcasts - drawing on both domestic and foreign content . A feature of Internet television is that a user can view TV or video on demand . Some distributors provide content as downloads , whiles other streaming media ; the main difference being that with downloads the end-user must have storage capacity for the content on their device and must wait for the download to be completed before the content can be viewed , while streamed content can be viewed almost immediately , but is not stored for a later second viewing . Whether downloaded or streamed , video files over the Internet are usually metered in Australia , with most ISPs setting download quotas which can limit the downloads that a subscriber can make without incurring additional costs . ISPs also provide plans with unlimited downloads . Some ISPs offer downloads on a quota-free basis for partnered television services , which is also known as `` unmetered '' content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def83c499b8082bc88bf7b19f1a7b409", "text": "Great Southern (Western Australia) __ NOTOC __ The Great Southern Region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia , as defined by the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993 , for the purposes of economic development . It is a section of the larger South Coast of Western Australia and neighbouring agricultural regions . The region officially comprises the local government areas of Albany , Broomehill-Tambellup , Cranbrook , Denmark , Gnowangerup , Jerramungup , Katanning , Kent , Kojonup , Plantagenet and Woodanilling . The Great Southern Region has an area of 39007 km2 and a population of about 54,000 . Its administrative centre is the historic port of Albany . It has a Mediterranean climate , with hot , dry summers and cool , wet winters . The economy of the Great Southern Region is dominated by livestock farming and crop-growing . It has some of the most productive cereal grain and pastoral land in the state , and is a major producer of wool and lamb . Albany is a major fishing centre . The coast of the Great Southern Region has milder summer weather than areas on the west coast proper and is also a popular destination for holidaymakers , tourists , anglers and surfers . Albany is home to the Kalgan River which is associated with riverboats , from 1918 to 1935 with the Silver Star which lowered its funnel to get under a bridge , and today with the Kalgan Queen which lowers its roof to pass beneath the same bridge . Noongar people have inhabited the region for tens of thousands of years . European settlement began with the establishment of a temporary British military base , commanded by Major Edmund Lockyer , at King George Sound ( Albany ) on Christmas Day , 1826 . Albany is consequently regarded as the oldest European settlement in Western Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40b00e2eeb0ba1e3d65619868790870e", "text": "Australia Day 2012 protests The Australia Day Protests of 2012 began with a commemoration at the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra to mark its 40th Anniversary and culminated in a security scare which saw the Prime Minister and Opposition Leader of Australia escorted from a nearby Canberra venue amidst rowdy protesters . The protesters had been advised of the leaders ' whereabouts and misinformed of a statement by the opposition leader in relation to the Tent Embassy by a union official who had received information about Abbott 's statement and whereabouts from the prime minister 's office . Gillard and Abbott were temporarily trapped when around 100 protesters surrounded the venue . The security scare made international headlines and saw Prime Minister Julia Gillard stumble and lose her shoe as she was carried by a body guard to her car .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0f92c4ecbc52fe68e5d383b7a205b2a", "text": "European Australians European Australians , or White Australians , are citizens or residents of Australia whose ancestry originates from the peoples of Europe and the Caucasus . Since the early 19th century , people of European descent have formed the vast majority of the population in Australia . The majority of European Australians are of British Isles -- English , Irish , Scottish , Welsh or Cornish ( Anglo-Celtic ) -- ancestral origin . In 2010 , it was estimated that around 74 % of the Australian population were Anglo-Celtic Australians . Other significant ancestries include Italian , German , Greek , Dutch , New Zealanders ( European New Zealanders ) , Polish , Maltese and Croatian . Today , Australians of British and other European ancestries are the dominant majority in Australia , estimated at 92 % of the total population . Historically , European immigrants had great influence over Australian history and society , which resulted in the perception of Australia as a European country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcb69abe42048fa50d87cdbf7f3b330", "text": "Australian Aborigines' League The Australian Aborigines ' League was established in Melbourne , Australia , in 1934 by William Cooper and others , including Margaret Tucker , Eric Onus , Anna and Caleb Morgan , and Shadrach James . In a Letter to the Editor of the West Australian , the Hon. Secretary of the Australian Aborigines League , William Cooper wrote that , `` The plea of our league is `` a fair deal for the dark race . '' An early initiative by the League was to petition King George V for Indigenous Australians to be represented in the Australian Parliament , among other requests . 1,814 signatures were collected on the petition , although it was reported that William Cooper believed many Aboriginal people living on missions were too afraid to add their signature . In 1938 it joined the New South Wales based Aborigines Progressive Association in staging a Day of Mourning on Australia Day ( 26 January ) in Sydney to draw attention to the treatment of Aborigines and to demand full citizenship and equal rights . Mr. W. Ferguson , organising secretary of the Aborigines ' Progressive Association of New South Wales , said of the planned national day of mourning : `` The aborigines do not want protection ... We have been protected for 150 years , and look what has become of us . Scientists have studied us and written books about us as though we were some strange curiosities , but they have not prevented us from contracting tuberculosis and other diseases , which have wiped us out in thousands . '' On 6 December 1938 , following the Kristallnacht pogrom in Germany , a delegation of League members , led by Cooper , went to the German Consulate in Melbourne with a petition protesting against the `` cruel persecution of the Jewish people by the Nazi government of Germany '' . The League was less active after Cooper 's death in 1941 but was revived after the Second World War by Douglas Nicholls and by Eric and Bill Onus . In the 1960s it became the Victorian branch of the Aborigines Advancement League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b78f3af4456bf8250f28b0f62ef73c1", "text": "Federalism in Australia Federalism in Australia was formally adopted on 1 January 1901 when the six self-governing Australian colonies federated as the Commonwealth of Australia . To this day Australia remains a federation of those six `` original States '' under the Commonwealth Constitution . Australia is the seventh oldest federation in the world after the United States ( 1789 ) , Mexico ( 1824 ) , Switzerland ( 1848 ) , Canada ( 1867 ) , the German Empire ( 1871 ) and Brazil ( 1891 ) and the only one of those to have remained entirely unchanged in its composition . In formal constitutional terms , little has been altered since Australians made that decision over a century ago ; in practice , however , the way Australian federalism functions has changed enormously over the intervening years . The most significant respect in which it has changed is in the degree to which the Commonwealth government has assumed a position of dominance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d95ed38ba74df9286045e6ac654cda6", "text": "Australian Senate The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia , the lower house being the House of Representatives . The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I , Part II of the Australian Constitution . There are a total of 76 senators : 12 senators are elected from each of the six states ( regardless of population ) and two from each of the two autonomous internal territories ( the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory ) . Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation . Unlike upper Houses in most Westminster parliamentary systems , the Senate is vested with significant power , including the capacity to block all legislation , including Budget and Appropriation Bills , initiated by the government in the House of Representatives , making it a distinctive hybrid of British Westminster bicameralism and US-style bicameralism . As a result of proportional representation , the chamber features a multitude of parties vying for power . The governing party or coalition , which has to maintain the confidence of the lower house , rarely has a majority in the Senate and usually needs to negotiate with other parties and Independents to get legislation passed . Senators normally serve fixed six-year terms ( from 1 July to 30 June ) , unless the Senate is dissolved earlier in a double dissolution . Following a double dissolution half the state senators serve terms ending on the third 30 June following the election ( i.e. slightly less than three years ) with the rest serving three years longer . The term of the territory senators expires at the same time as there is an election for the House of Representatives . There is no constitutional requirement for the election of senators to take place at the same time as those for members of the House of Representatives , though the government usually synchronises election dates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "309f8e2587bf9bd3793b25ce2515bcf8", "text": "Australian Olympic Committee The Australian Olympic Committee ( AOC ) is the National Olympic Committee responsible for developing , promoting and protecting the Olympic Movement in Australia . The AOC has the exclusive responsibility for the representation of Australia at the Olympic Games ( Summer and Winter ) , the Youth Olympic Games and at Regional Games patronised by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) . All National Olympic Committees ( currently 205 worldwide ) are constituents of the International Olympic Committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c836114e5d1b60cee67ada046bb807d", "text": "Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ; formerly , `` The Territory for the Seat of Government '' and , later , the `` Federal Capital Territory '' ) is the federal district in the south east of Australia , enclaved within New South Wales . Its only city is Canberra , the capital city of Australia . Geographically , the territory is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east , the watershed of Naas Creek in the south , the watershed of the Cotter River in the west , and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east . The ACT also has a small strip of territory around the southern end of the Beecroft Peninsula , which is the northern headland of Jervis Bay . The need for a national territory was flagged by colonial delegates during the Federation conventions of the late 19th century . Section 125 of the Australian Constitution provided that , following Federation in 1901 , land would be ceded freely to the new Federal Government . The territory was transferred to the Commonwealth by the state of New South Wales in 1911 , two years prior to the naming of Canberra as the national capital in 1913 . The floral emblem of the ACT is the royal bluebell and the bird emblem is the gang-gang cockatoo . The economic activity of the Australian Capital Territory is heavily concentrated around Canberra . A stable housing market , steady employment and rapid population growth in the 21st century have led to economic prosperity and in 2011 CommSec ranked the ACT as the second best performing economic region in the country . This trend continued into 2016 , when the territory was ranked the third best performing out of all of Australia 's states and territories . There is a higher proportion of young adults in the region compared with other Australian states or territories . Approximately one-fifth of ACT residents were born outside of Australia , mainly in the United Kingdom . Almost one-fifth speak a language other than English at home , the most common being Chinese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60b3204ef077381bedaea240f6205904", "text": "National Tally Room The National Tally Room was the Australian centre for national ( federal ) election results to be tallied ( totaled ) for electorates ( Divisions ) making up the Parliament of Australia , which consists of the Australian House of Representatives and the Australian Senate . The tally room normally opened as results begin to flow in after voting ends at 6pm on the day of the election , always a Saturday , in the respective states and territories and polling places begin to count the votes ; however , some voting figures could come in as early as 5.20 pm . The room closed after the final results from polling places were announced to the tally room , often after midnight following the day of the election . ( Note : Polling centres that did not finish counting all votes recommenced counting on Sunday . ) The tally room was set up in the Budawang Building at Exhibition Park in Canberra ( EPIC ) in the northern suburbs of Canberra , the national capital city of Australia . A former venue , in the late 1970s , was the then newly built hall at Belconnen High School , a high school in the Canberra district of Belconnen . The building was fitted out by the Australian Electoral Commission ( AEC ) for the national elections , and was also used for live broadcasts by media outlets , normally led by the Australian television networks . Over 700 people worked in the tally room on the evening of the election . Boards representing each electorate ( Division ) and Senate seat were set up on a `` tally wall '' . A box representing each Division was headed by the name of the Division and the number of registered electors ( shown in green lettering ) , then the names of the candidates prefaced by the acronym for their political party , and against their names the currently-recorded count of first preference votes ; at the bottom were two lines ( A and B ) for Two Candidate Preferred totals , estimating the result after a notional distribution of the preference votes . Staff at the rear of the tally wall changed the details by attaching numbers sheets to the rotating portion of the Division boxes . Media and the public followed the electoral results from the viewing gallery and the media/television sets on the floor of the tally room . Often , current , former or prospective members of the Parliament were seen on the floor , or at the media booths ( see picture above . ) For the 2013 federal election , no television networks chose to use the tally room as their backdrop , and subsequently , the AEC announced it would not operate the room for that election . The National Tally Room was replaced by an online `` Virtual '' Tally Room , and the tally board donated to the Museum of Australian Democracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de18b0889f1e1c305f5c85d594a9a448", "text": "Racial violence in Australia Various examples of violence have been attributed to racial factors during the recorded history of Australia since white settlement , and a level of intertribal rivalry and violence among Indigenous Australians pre-dates the arrival of white settlers from Britain in 1788 . During the period of British colonisation , various incidents of inter-racial tension and competition for land and resources between Europeans and Indigenous peoples involved violence , becoming a factor in the decline of indigenous populations during the 19th century . Incidents of racial violence between settler communities followed the large scale multi-ethnic immigration of the Australian goldrushes of the mid-19th century - notably white miners targeting Chinese miners - which contributed to the development of the White Australia Policy which preferenced British and `` white '' immigration to Australia for some decades . The policy resulted in a largely racially homogenous population by the mid-20th century . Australia 's large scale , Post-World War Two , multi-ethnic immigration program has seen Australia develop into one of the most ethnically diverse nations , with relatively little racial violence , and in which incitement to racial violence is a crime . Nevertheless , incidents and examples of violence between the various ethnicities of modern Australia have continued to be attributed to racial motivations up to the present time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e43bc814326424e9a3c0dbb6992c7d56", "text": "The Australian (1824 newspaper) The Australian ( Sydney , NSW : 1824 - 1848 ) was a weekly English language newspaper published in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f0d214263cedcfea48bd3dcf8f17c02", "text": "Attorney-General for Australia The Attorney-General for AustraliaThe title is officially `` Attorney-General '' . For the purposes of distinguishing the office from other Attorneys-General , and in accordance with usual practice in the United Kingdom and other common law jurisdictions , the Australian Attorney-General currently refers to themselves as the `` Attorney-General for Australia '' or the `` Commonwealth Attorney-General '' : see Attorney-General website . Historically , `` Attorney-General of Australia '' was also used . is the first law officer of the Crown in right of the Commonwealth of Australia , chief law officer of the Commonwealth of Australia and a minister of the Crown . The Attorney-General is usually a member of the Federal Cabinet , but need not be . Under the Constitution they are appointed by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister , and serves at the Governor-General 's pleasure . In practice the Attorney-General is a party politician and their tenure is determined by political factors . By convention , but not constitutional requirement , the Attorney-General is a lawyer by training , either a barrister or solicitor . Since 18 September 2013 , the Attorney-General for Australia has been Senator the Hon George Brandis , a Liberal Party of Australia member of the Australian Senate for the state of Queensland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f5e35b668c781b8c0f9dc27f57c6361", "text": "Tony Abbott Anthony John `` Tony '' Abbott ( born 4 November 1957 ) is an Australian politician who was the 28th Prime Minister of Australia , from 18 September 2013 to 15 September 2015 . Abbott was leader of the Liberal Party of Australia from 2009 to 2015 , and has been a member of parliament for Warringah since 1994 . Abbott was born in London , to an Australian mother and a British father , and emigrated to Sydney , Australia , with his parents in 1960 . Prior to entering Parliament , Abbott took the degrees of Bachelor of Economics and Bachelor of Laws at the University of Sydney , then attended The Queen 's College , Oxford , as a Rhodes Scholar , graduating as a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy , Politics and Economics . He later proceeded by seniority to Master of Arts . After graduating from Oxford , Abbott trained as a Roman Catholic seminarian , and later worked as a journalist , a manager , and a political adviser . In 1992 , he was appointed Director of Australians for Constitutional Monarchy , a position he held until his election to Parliament in 1994 . Abbott was first appointed to Cabinet following the 1998 election , as part of the Second Howard Ministry , becoming Minister for Employment , Workplace Relations and Small Business . In 2003 , Abbott became Minister for Health and Ageing , retaining this position until the defeat of the Howard Government at the 2007 election . Initially serving in the Shadow Cabinets of Brendan Nelson and then Malcolm Turnbull , Abbott resigned from the front bench in November 2009 , in protest against Turnbull 's support for the Rudd Government 's proposed Emissions Trading Scheme ( ETS ) . Forcing a leadership ballot on the subject , Abbott defeated Turnbull by 42 votes to 41 , to become the Party 's leader and Leader of the Opposition . Abbott led the Coalition at the 2010 election , which resulted in a hung parliament . Following negotiations , Labor formed a Government , with the support of one Greens MP and three Independent MPs . Abbott was re-elected as Liberal Leader unopposed . Abbott went on to lead the Coalition to victory in the 2013 election and was sworn in as the 28th Prime Minister of Australia on 18 September 2013 . On 14 September 2015 , Abbott was defeated in a vote for the Liberal leadership ( 54 votes to 44 ) by Malcolm Turnbull , who replaced Abbott as Prime Minister the following day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c7e16659d51ab75ed83813be503ebd0", "text": "Prime Minister of Australia The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the head of government of Australia . The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of the Crown , the leader of the Cabinet and the chairperson of the National Security Committee . The Prime Minister also has the responsibility of administering the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet . The office is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia and exists only through longstanding political convention and tradition . Despite this , in practice it is the most powerful parliamentary position in Australia . The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the Governor-General of Australia . Almost always and according to convention , the Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party or largest party in a coalition of parties in the House of Representatives . However , there is no constitutional requirement that the Prime Minister sit in the House of Representatives , though by convention this is always the case . The only case where a member of the Senate was appointed Prime Minister was John Gorton , who subsequently resigned his Senate position and was elected as a member of the House of Representatives ( Senator George Pearce was acting Prime Minister for seven months in 1916 while Billy Hughes was overseas ) . Malcolm Turnbull has held the office of Prime Minister since 15 September 2015 . He received his commission after replacing Tony Abbott as the leader of the Liberal Party , the dominant party in the Coalition government , following the outcome of the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37decbf3397b406693dfbf638fd46562", "text": "Jillian Broadbent Jillian Broadbent AO ( born 1948 ) is an Australian public figure and businesswoman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9487bfb9d69dcc87765744701f51cd08", "text": "Australian English vocabulary Australian English is a major variety of the English language spoken throughout Australia . Most of the vocabulary of Australian English is shared with British English , though there are notable differences . The vocabulary of Australia is drawn from many sources , including various dialects of British English as well as Gaelic languages , some Indigenous Australian languages , and Polynesian languages . One of the first dictionaries of Australian slang was Karl Lentzner 's Dictionary of the Slang-English of Australia and of Some Mixed Languages in 1892 . The first dictionary based on historical principles that covered Australian English was E. E. Morris 's Austral English : A Dictionary of Australasian Words , Phrases and Usages ( 1898 ) . In 1981 , the more comprehensive Macquarie Dictionary of Australian English was published . Oxford University Press published their own Australian Oxford Dictionary in 1999 , as a joint effort with the Australian National University . Oxford University Press also published The Australian National Dictionary .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f63335657d7e5f733ba9e363aab41ff0	One Direction performs music as a group.	[ { "docid": "866575b6810a7dc689dbf8bfc26acc76", "text": "Where We Are Tour (One Direction) The Where We Are Tour was the third headlining concert tour by English-Irish boy band One Direction . The concert tour visited stadiums from April through October 2014 with addition to special performances in Las Vegas on 20 September 2014 for the iHeartRadio Music Festival . The concert tour officially kicked off on 25 April 2014 at El Campín Stadium in Bogotá , Colombia and concluded on 5 October 2014 at Sun Life Stadium in Miami , Florida . It promoted the band 's third studio album , Midnight Memories , also announced along with the tour . Australian pop/rock band 5 Seconds of Summer served as opening act for UK , European and US tour dates . The tour grossed $ 290 million in sales after 69 performances with total attendance of 3.4 million . It became the 12th highest-grossing concert tour of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cea19e2cf8a7158f9e501c0725959c4f", "text": "MTV Europe Music Awards The MTV Europe Music Awards ( `` EMAs '' or `` EMA '' ) is an event presented by MTV Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers . Since 2007 , the winners are chosen by the viewers and fans by visiting the EMAs ' website . The first EMAs ceremony was held in 1994 in Berlin , Germany . Though it was originally conceived as an alternative to the MTV Video Music Awards , the winners and presenters have often been American artists . The MTV Europe Music Awards are held every year in a different country . It has been hosted mostly in the United Kingdom . Since 2011 other worldwide/regional nominations have been added . The awards are presented annually and broadcast live on MTV Europe , MTV Live HD and most of the international MTV channels as well as online .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29f18eb7218912907f3f440146829049", "text": "Boy band A boy band ( or boyband ) is loosely defined as a vocal group consisting of young male singers , usually in their teenage years or in their twenties at the time of formation , singing love songs marketed towards young females . Being vocal groups , most boy band members do not play musical instruments , either in recording sessions or on stage , making the term something of a misnomer . However , exceptions do exist . Many boy bands dance as well as sing , usually giving highly choreographed performances . Some such bands form on their own . They can evolve out of church choral or gospel music groups , but are often created by talent managers or record producers who hold auditions . Due to this and their general commercial orientation towards a female audience of preteens , teenyboppers , or teens , the term may be used with negative connotations in music journalism . Boy bands are similar in concept to their counterparts , girl groups . Boy bands ' popularity peaked thrice : in the 1960s ( e.g. , the Monkees and the Four Seasons ) , in the 1990s and early 2000s when acts such as the Backstreet Boys , * NSYNC , and Westlife , among others , dominated the top of the Billboard and pop charts , and in the early 2010s with the emergence of new boy bands such as JLS , Big Time Rush and One Direction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8b4820a35455e506e3450b5792f35d2", "text": "One Direction One Direction ( commonly abbreviated as 1D ) are an English-Irish pop boy band based in London , composed of Niall Horan , Liam Payne , Harry Styles , Louis Tomlinson , and previously , Zayn Malik until his departure from the band on 25 March 2015 . The group signed with Simon Cowell 's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor in 2010 . Propelled to international success by social media , One Direction 's five albums , Up All Night ( 2011 ) , Take Me Home ( 2012 ) , Midnight Memories ( 2013 ) , Four ( 2014 ) , and Made in the A.M. ( 2015 ) , topped charts in most major markets , and generated hit singles including `` What Makes You Beautiful '' , `` Live While We 're Young '' , `` Best Song Ever '' , `` Story of My Life '' , and `` Drag Me Down '' . Their awards include six Brit Awards , four MTV Video Music Awards , eleven MTV Europe Music Awards , seven American Music Awards ( including Artist of the Year in 2014 and 2015 ) , and 27 Teen Choice Awards , among many others . According to Nick Gatfield , the chairman and chief executive of Sony Music Entertainment UK , One Direction represented a $ 50 million business empire by June 2012 . They were proclaimed 2012 's `` Top New Artist '' by Billboard . According to the Sunday Times Rich List , by April 2013 , they had an estimated personal combined wealth of # 25 million ( $ 41.2 m ) making them the second-wealthiest musicians in the UK under 30 years of age . In 2014 , Forbes listed them the second-highest earning celebrities under 30 , with the group earning an estimated $ 75 million from June 2013 to June 2014 . In June 2015 , Forbes listed their earnings at $ 130 million for the previous twelve months , and ranked them the fourth highest earning celebrities in the world . In 2016 Forbes ranked them the world 's second highest earning celebrities . After the release of Four , One Direction became the first band in the US Billboard 200 history to have their first four albums debut at number one . Their third album , Midnight Memories , was the biggest-selling album worldwide of 2013 despite being released in late November . The band 's Where We Are Tour in support of Midnight Memories and Four , was the highest-grossing concert tour in 2014 , and the highest-grossing tour ever by a vocal group , generating $ 282 million . In 2014 , Billboard named One Direction Artist of the Year . The band is currently on a hiatus that began in January 2016 , allowing all members to pursue other projects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "946fab3db2cd406e19f7f378795d58e7", "text": "Brit Awards The Brit Awards ( sometimes stylised as the BRIT Awards ; often simply called the Brits ) are the British Phonographic Industry 's annual pop music awards . The name was originally a shortened form of `` British '' , `` Britain '' or `` Britannia '' ( in the early days the awards were sponsored by Britannia Music Club ) , but subsequently became a backronym for British Record Industry Trusts Show . In addition , an equivalent awards ceremony for classical music , called the Classic Brit Awards , is held each May . Robbie Williams holds the record for the most Brit Awards , 13 as a solo artist and another five as part of Take That . The awards originated as an annual event in 1982 under the auspices of the British record industry 's trade association , the BPI . In 1989 they were renamed the Brit Awards . MasterCard has been the long-term sponsor of the event . The highest profile music awards ceremony in the UK , the Brit Awards have featured some of the most notable events in British popular culture , such as the final public appearance of Freddie Mercury , the Jarvis Cocker protest against Michael Jackson , and the Union Jack dress worn by Geri Halliwell of the Spice Girls . The Brit Awards were broadcast live until 1989 , when Samantha Fox and Mick Fleetwood hosted a widely criticised show in which little went as rehearsed . In subsequent years , the event was recorded and broadcast the following night . From 2007 , the Brit Awards reverted to a live broadcast on British television , on 14 February on ITV . In that year , comedian Russell Brand was presenter and three awards were dropped from the ceremony : Best British Rock Act , Best British Urban Act and Best Pop Act . On 18 February 2009 , the venue for the BRITs was once again the Earls Court , London . The Brit Awards were held at The O2 in London for the first time in 2011 . The Brit Award statuette given to the winners features Britannia , the female personification of Britain . The statuette is regularly redesigned by some of the best known British designers , stylists and artists , including Vivienne Westwood , Damien Hirst , Tracey Emin , Sir Peter Blake and the late Zaha Hadid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35fbfec737ce86315d03a83349fa8130", "text": "MTV Video Music Award An MTV Video Music Award ( commonly abbreviated as a VMA ) is an award presented by the cable channel MTV to honor the best in the music video medium . Originally conceived as an alternative to the Grammy Awards ( in the video category ) , the annual MTV Video Music Awards ceremony has often been called the `` Super Bowl for youth '' , an acknowledgment of the VMA ceremony 's ability to draw millions of youth from teens to 20-somethings each year . By 2001 , the VMA had become a coveted award . The statue given to winners is an astronaut on the moon , one of the earliest representations of MTV , and colloquially called a `` moonman '' . The statue was conceived by Manhattan Design -- also designers of the original MTV logo -- based on the 1981 `` Top of the Hour '' animation created by Fred Seibert , produced by Alan Goodman , and produced by Buzz Potamkin at Buzzco Associates . The statue is now made by New York firm , Society Awards . Since the 2006 ceremony , viewers are able to vote for their favorite videos in all general categories by visiting MTV 's website . The annual VMA ceremony occurs before the end of summer and held either in late August or mid-September , and broadcast live on MTV , along with simulcasts on MTV 's sister networks to nullify in-house competition . The first VMA ceremony was held in 1984 at New York City 's Radio City Music Hall . The ceremonies are normally held in either New York City or Los Angeles . However , the ceremonies have also been hosted in Miami and Las Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacc885db95ba0e8f4308fd3776bd5f5", "text": "Midnight Memories Midnight Memories is the third studio album by British-Irish boy band One Direction , released on 25 November 2013 by Columbia Records , Syco Music and Sony Music . The album was described as having a `` slightly rockier tone '' than their previous efforts . It has become the fastest-selling album in Amazon UK 's history , breaking the record set by One Direction 's previous release , Take Me Home ( 2012 ) . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , making One Direction the first group in history to debut at number one in the US with their first three albums . The album was preceded by the release of the singles `` Best Song Ever '' and `` Story of My Life '' . Upon the album 's release , Midnight Memories received mixed reviews from music critics . Many critics praised the lyrical depth and musical composition on the album , as well as the group 's level of involvement in the production process . However , others argued that the material was less memorable than their previous work and felt the themes were not as mature as expected . Despite being released five weeks before the year 's end , Midnight Memories nevertheless became the best-selling album of 2013 as listed by the IFPI , with sales of four million copies .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9e45f6dc57dfc670e651425bc4e455c4", "text": "T.A.T.u. t.A.T.u. ( Тату , -LSB- tɐˈtu -RSB- ) were a Russian music duo that consisted of Julia Volkova and Lena Katina . The duo was managed by Russian television producer Ivan Shapovalov while in the group Neposedi . The duo was signed to their own production company , T.A. Music , following the split with Universal Music Russia , and their sub-labels Interscope Records and Neformat . The duo established their world success with their debut English-language single `` All the Things She Said '' , which gained acclaim from music journalists and critics . The video of the single , however , generated controversy worldwide , showing the girls kissing in the rain in school uniforms . Along with the number-one single , the following songs `` Not Gon na Get Us '' and `` All About Us '' gained success and also charted at number one on other contemporary music charts . The duo has released six studio albums ; three in Russian and three in English . The album 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane achieved huge success worldwide and eventually became the first group ever to get the IFPI Europe platinum award for the same album in two different languages . Due to their success , the duo was recognized as one of the most successful female music acts to emerge in the early decade and have established themselves as the most successful Russian act to date . t.A.T.u. represented Russia in the 2003 Eurovision Song Contest , performing `` Ne Ver ' , Ne Boysia '' , finishing in third place . In March 2011 , the duo officially announced their separation , due to personal reasons and conflicts between them and embarked on solo careers , which started around the end of 2008 . As of 2016 , t.A.T.u. have sold over 25 million records , and both the Russian and English version of 200 Km/h are listed among the best-selling albums by a girl group . They reunited in late December 2012 for a concert and announced their comeback after their performance in the opening ceremony of the Olympics in Sochi 2014 . However , due to personal issues between Volkova and Katina , the duo announced that their project would only consist of their newest single and music video , `` Lyubov ' V Kazhdom Mgnovenii '' ( `` Love In Every Moment '' ) to promote a Russian short film which premiered at the 67th Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c02993992e8b4c1ef149c29eff67260b", "text": "Be Here Now Tour The Be Here Now World Tour was a world concert tour by English rock band Oasis in support of their third album Be Here Now . The tour , which spanned the UK , Europe , the US , Canada , Japan , Australia , Asia , and Latin America , included 85 shows over a period of several months in 1997 and 1998 . The tour started on 14 June 1997 in support of U2 at the KROQ Weenie Roast in Irvine , California , United States , and ended on 25 March 1998 at the Sports Palace in Mexico City , Mexico . With most shows being played during the autumn and winter months , a majority of the concerts were staged at indoor arenas and halls , in contrast to the larger outdoor venues typically featured on Oasis ' summer tours . Many performances were audio recorded by either broadcast media or concert attendees and have since been made available on various file-sharing outlets and fan web sites . A handful of performances were also carried by various television outlets throughout the world , including the 14 December concert at the G-Mex in Manchester , England . Fueled partly by worldwide stardom and drug use , the tour and corresponding album became `` infamous '' for the amount of excess and spectacle they provided . Accordingly , they marked the end of the cocaine era for Noel Gallagher . He would later say about the craziness and wild year on tour : `` I kid you not , there was a sound guy who quit because there was too much ` food ' ... and I thought ` sure it 's not the fucking coke you 've been taking ' '' . As the tour came to an end , the album 's reception had changed from rave and outstandingly positive to less-than satisfied and below average reviews with many critics restating that it was weak in comparison to the group 's first two records . They did , however , manage to maintain a large cult following in many countries such as Argentina , Brazil , Peru , Russia , Italy , Spain , South Korea and Japan where their public persona would strengthen even more over the subsequent decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "898078813aa5894ab802fa60b327f540", "text": "Horn section A horn section is a group of musicians playing horns . In an orchestra or concert band , it refers to the musicians who play the `` French '' horn , and in a British-style brass band it is the tenor horn players . In many popular-music genres the term is applied loosely to any group of woodwind or brass instruments , or a combination of woodwinds and brass .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b519835dd0c24c7d78f7fe58d7609f0a", "text": "Sidewinder (band) Sidewinder were an Australian indie pop group founded in 1990 in Canberra by Pip Branson on guitar , Martin Craft on bass guitar and backing vocals , his brother Nick Craft on lead guitar and vocals , and Giri Fox on drums . Early in 1994 Shane Melder replaced Fox on drums and in the next year the group relocated to Sydney . Sidewinder were staples of the Australian alternative rock scene in the 1990s and released two studio albums , Atlantis ( January 1996 ) and Tangerine ( September 1997 ) . Australian musicologist , Ian McFarlane , described them as `` an accessible brand of distortion-drenched , harmony-driven , indie guitar power pop . '' Sidewinder released two albums and three EPS between 1992 and 1998 , all of which were critically acclaimed and received solid Triple J and commercial airplay . These albums ` traversed a broad sonic terrain , from Beatlesesque psychedelia to eardrum shattering ballsy rock ' . Sidewinder were one of the ` best loved live acts of this decade -LSB- 1990s -RSB- ' . had regular spots on festival bills , including the Big Day Out ( 1994 , 1995 , and as national touring artists 1996 ) and played every Homebake from 1996 to 1998 ( January , December 1996 / January , December 1998 ) . They toured extensively with many of their contemporaries , including bands such as Powderfinger , Custard , The Hummingbirds , You Am I , The Clouds , The Fauves , Tumbleweed and Magic Dirt . They also played with other bands , such as Something for Kate , the Dirty Three , the Whitlams , the Underground Lovers and Gaslight Radio . They supported international touring artists , including U2 on the Australian leg of their PopMart Tour in February 1998 . They also played with Pavement , the Jesus and Mary Chain , Sebadoh and Red Kross . They disbanded in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "252204eb340b1e966e3604f3a0b81659", "text": "Vital Signs (band) Vital Signs were a Pakistan pop and rock band formed in Rawalpindi in 1986 . Since their formation , they became Pakistan 's first and most commercially successful as well as critically acclaimed act . The band 's popular lineup consisted of keyboardist Rohail Hyatt , bassist Shahzad Hasan , guitarist Nusrat Hussain and vocalist Junaid Jamshed . Rooted in Rawalpindi with some influence from Western music during the conservative regime of President Zia-ul-Haq , the Vital Signs utilizes several genres , ranging from pop music to rock , and often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways . In the early 1990s , they came to be perceived by many Pakistani fans and country 's cultural observers as a `` promising new era of cultural revival '' . Their enormous popularity significantly opened a new wave of music and a modern chapter in the history of Pakistan . The band built its reputation playing in university campuses and underground rock music concerts held in different parts of the country , before being noticed by PTV performing art section director Shoaib Mansoor . The band initially gained national prominence and popularity from their music video of their single `` Dil Dil Pakistan '' first aired on PTV . Written by Shaoib Mansoor , the song became a big commercial hit and critically acclaimed in the public ; it was voted , in an unscientific poll as the third most popular song of all time by BBC World . By the early 1990s , the band members had become public celebrities and international stars in the midst of the 1990s . From the 1980s to the 1990s , they produced many of their highly successful and critically praised albums , what many cultural critics consider their finest material including the innovative and widely influential albums , Vital Signs 1 ( 1989 ) , Vital Signs 2 ( 1991 ) , Aitebar ( 1993 ) and Hum Tum ( 1995 ) . The success of their second album marked the international prominence of the band , first traveling to the United States to perform , becoming the first Pakistani music act to go abroad on a tour . After the disintegrating and fading of the band in 1998 , they each enjoyed successful musical careers . Leading singer Junaid Jamshed went on to pursue a career as a solo singer and as an Islamic televangelist , Shahzad Hasan concentrated on his work as a music producer and Rohail Hyatt formed a production company . The Vital Signs is considered one of the most successful bands in Pakistan , having influenced many of the pop , rock , and heavy metal musical groups originating from Pakistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05f445e6570ccd8fd37279781512f04d", "text": "Dream City Film Club Dream City Film Club were a North London rock band founded in July 1995 . Their sound was difficult to categorize in that it encompassed tortured lovelorn balladry , avant-garde flourishes , Tin Pan Alley , straightforward rock and gospel yearnings in both lyrics and subject matter . Ultimately , Dream City Film Club failed to find enough of an audience to sustain them . Vocalist Michael J. Sheehy had been working as a solo singer/songwriter for several years when he met Alex Vald and Laurence Ash , who quickly began writing songs with Sheehy . Upon the demise of another local group , Breed , bassist Andrew Park joined . The band 's name came from a news story Sheehy had seen about an arsonist who had burned down a members-only porno theatre . They played their first gig as Dream City Film Club on 31 July 1995 . They released a single , `` Crawl '' for the underground fanzine , the Organ in early 1996 . Soon after , they were contacted by Beggar 's Banquet and recorded their eponymous debut album in late 1996 , later releasing it on 26 May 1997 . According to Sheehy , the English press reaction to the first single , `` Perfect Piece of Trash '' , was almost unanimous in its derision . After parting with Vald , DCFC continued on as a three piece , recording its second and final album , In the Cold Light of Morning featuring a more expansive sound best realized on the epic `` God Will Punish the Pervert Preacher '' . The group disbanded in 1999 . Michael J. Sheehy subsequently recorded three solo albums for Beggar 's Banquet and two for Glitterhouse , and has fronted Saint Silas Intercession with his brother Patrick . During the early 2000s , Alex Vald worked as half of experimental pop band Datapuddle . In 2015 , Sheehy and Vald reunited as the pop-noir duo United Sound of Joy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca529ae218ea89755ec3930951eefa7d", "text": "Construction Time Again Tour The Construction Time Again Tour was a 1983 -- 84 concert tour by English electronic group Depeche Mode in support of the act 's third album , Construction Time Again , which was released in August 1983 . The tour , which took place in Europe , began in September 1983 in Hitchin , England . Following an initial leg of dates in the U.K. and Ireland , a second leg in December reached Sweden , Denmark , Belgium , the Netherlands and West Germany . In March 1984 , the group performed its first dates in Italy and Spain . The final date was a one-off show in June supporting Elton John in Ludwigshafen , West Germany , where `` People Are People '' , the lead single from their next album , made its live debut on the special set . A tour in support of the act 's subsequent studio release , Some Great Reward , followed in September .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bcf6fab07d564a30fb7295895af7ce2", "text": "The Buggles The Buggles were an English new wave band formed in London in 1977 by singer and bassist Trevor Horn and keyboardist Geoffrey Downes . They are best known for their 1979 debut single `` Video Killed the Radio Star '' that topped the UK Singles Chart and reached number one in 15 other countries . Formed in London , the duo released their first album , The Age of Plastic , in January 1980 with `` Video Killed the Radio Star '' as its lead single . Its music video was the first shown on MTV in the US on August 1 , 1981 . Soon after the album 's release , Horn and Downes joined the progressive rock band Yes , recording and releasing Drama in the process . Following a tour to promote the album , Yes disbanded in 1980 . The following year , the Buggles released a second album , Adventures in Modern Recording . Its lack of commercial success led to the break up of the group . Since 1998 , Horn and Downes have occasionally performed the Buggles ' songs . In October 2011 , The Buggles reunited to play at the British Music Experience at the O2 Arena in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5838085bd1828dfb25bc10028b0083ca", "text": "Biffy Clyro Biffy Clyro are a Scottish rock band that formed in Kilmarnock , East Ayrshire , composed of Simon Neil ( guitar , lead vocals ) , James Johnston ( bass , vocals ) and Ben Johnston ( drums , vocals ) . Currently signed to 14th Floor Records , they have released seven studio albums , four of which ( Puzzle , Only Revolutions , Opposites and Ellipsis ) reached the top five in the UK Albums Chart , with their sixth studio album , Opposites claiming their first UK number-one album . After their first three albums , the band expanded their following significantly in 2007 with the release of their fourth , Puzzle , creating more mainstream songs with simpler rhythms and distancing themselves from the more unusual dissonant style that was present in their previous three albums . Puzzle peaked at number 2 on the official UK album charts on 16 June 2007 . The album went Gold in the UK , selling over 100,000 units , and later in 2012 went Platinum in the UK , having sold over 300,000 copies . The band released Only Revolutions in 2009 which reached No. 3 in the UK chart and went gold within days of its release in 2009 , going platinum later in 2010 and receiving a Mercury Music Prize nomination . Only Revolutions included the UK hit singles `` Mountains '' , `` That Golden Rule '' and `` Many of Horror '' all of which reached the UK Top Ten . The latter reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart after The X Factor 2010 winner , Matt Cardle covered the song , and became the UK number one Christmas single for the year 2010 . In 2011 the band was nominated for the Brit Awards for Best British Group . At the 2013 NME Awards , they received the award for Best British Band . On 25 August 2013 Biffy Clyro headlined the main stage at Leeds & Reading Festival . Based on their album and single certifications , the band have sold in excess of 1,240,000 albums and 400,000 singles in the UK alone . As of 2016 , in total , the band have spent 155 weeks in the top seventy-five of the UK Album Charts , with two of those weeks being at the top position at number one and seventy weeks within the main top forty of the albums charts . The band 's singles have spent a total of seventy-nine weeks in the UK Singles Charts , with six weeks in the top ten and forty-two in the top forty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a59a3c72322b9922d92eafcbff199157", "text": "Avenue (band) Avenue were an English boy band . They participated in the third series of The X Factor in 2006 and initially made it to the final 12 , but were banned from participation for having been specifically formed for the competition and having professional representation . They continued to proclaim their innocence . After leaving The X Factor , they stayed together and had brief success with the single `` Last Goodbye '' , which reached the UK top 50 . After the split , Max George went on to become a member of the British-Irish boyband The Wanted , releasing a number of top 5 hits , two official UK number ones , and three top 10 albums . Jamie Tinkler left to form the indie band Baxter , and his replacement in Avenue , Andy Brown , went on to be the lead singer of Lawson , who have released five top 10 singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a78ec6d70c0a499a5c2096a76c6baae4", "text": "52nd Street (band) 52nd Street were a British jazz-funk and R&B band formed in Manchester in late 1980 . Throughout the 1980s the group enjoyed success not only in the UK but also on the Billboard chart in the United States . Their biggest and best-known hit single was `` Tell Me ( How It Feels ) '' , released in 1985 by the 10 Records subsidiary of Virgin Records in the UK , and then months later on in 1986 on MCA Records in the US . The original line-up consisted of Tony Henry ( guitar ) , Derrick Johnson ( bass ) , Desmond Isaacs ( keyboards ) , Tony Thompson ( drums ) and Jennifer McCloud ( vocals ) . Within six months vocalist Rose Williams and saxophonist Eric Godden both came and departed before the line-up settled with John Dennison ( keyboards ) replacing Desmond Isaacs and Beverley McDonald ( lead vocals ) replacing Jennifer McCloud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47eac9b56544bb5dd8bc73fcfbeefd90", "text": "Drag Me Down `` Drag Me Down '' is a song recorded by English-Irish boy band One Direction for their fifth studio album , Made in the A.M. ( 2015 ) . The song was released worldwide on 31 July 2015 and marked the band 's first single since Zayn Malik 's departure in March 2015 . `` Drag Me Down '' debuted atop the charts in the United Kingdom , Ireland , France , Austria , Australia , and New Zealand . It became the group 's first number one single in France and Australia , as well as their fourth number one in New Zealand and the United Kingdom . It debuted at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and won the fan-voted ` Best Video Award ' at the 2016 Brit Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5ee10aa5a1b0bfbfbfe3ff8ed9497d5", "text": "Step One Step One is the debut album by British pop group Steps . It was released in the UK and Europe on 11 September 1998 . The album charted at number two on UK Albums Chart upon its release , going on to spend 64 weeks in the chart . It was beaten to number one by This Is My Truth Tell Me Yours by Manic Street Preachers , who also beat their single One for Sorrow to number one on the UK Singles Chart . In 2000 , the album was re-released in the US , containing songs from both Step One and its successor , Steptacular . The tracks `` 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 '' , `` Last Thing on My Mind '' , `` One for Sorrow '' , `` Heartbeat '' and `` Better Best Forgotten '' were released as the singles in UK . In 2000 , the album was certified 5 × Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry , and has sold over 1.4 million copies in the UK . The album contains some covers -- `` Last Thing on My Mind '' was originally released as a single by female pop group Bananarama , while `` Love U More '' was originally recorded by techno/house band Sunscreem , `` Experienced '' was originally recorded by boyband Worlds Apart and `` Stay With Me '' appears on Romeo 's Daughters ' self-titled début album . The album cover itself was the inspiration behind the group 's 2017 album Tears on the Dancefloor . `` Tragedy '' , which was recorded for the Bee Gees tribute album , was paired up with `` Heartbeat '' as a double A-side single and also featured as a bonus track on some international editions of the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43919a7565f64ef569950521ed1070fe", "text": "Girl Thing (album) Girl Thing is the self-titled debut and only studio album by British-Dutch girl group Girl Thing . The album is a mix of 2000s girl pop and 1970s disco . It features 16 tracks including the singles `` Last One Standing '' , `` Girls on Top '' and `` Young , Free and Happy '' , which was only released in Australia and New Zealand . The album is notable in that it includes the song `` Pure and Simple '' , which was released as the debut single by Popstars winners Hear ` Say and went on to sell over 1 million copies . Although Girl Thing are an English group , due to poor sales of their second single , `` Girls on Top '' , the album was not initially released in the UK . It was however finally released to UK iTunes 13 years after its original release , coinciding with the group 's appearance on the ITV2 television series The Big Reunion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d827e31fb351731bb963089876f581c5", "text": "List of instrumental number ones on the UK Singles Chart The UK Singles Chart is a record chart compiled on behalf of the British record industry . Since 1997 , the chart has been compiled by the Official Charts Company ( formerly The Official UK Charts Company and the Chart Information Network ) and until 2005 ( when digital downloads were included in the chart compilation ) , the chart was based entirely on sales of physical singles from retail outlets . The UK Singles Chart originated in 1952 , when New Musical Express ( NME ) published the first chart of singles sales . The positions of all songs are based on week-end sale totals , from Sunday to Saturday , but pre-1987 the charts were released on a Tuesday because of the need for manual calculation . Since inception there have been nearly 1,200 number ones ; of these , instrumental tracks ( i.e. those without any lyrics ) have topped the chart on 25 occasions for a total of 83 weeks . The Shadows have had the most instrumental number ones , with five between 1960 and 1963 . Three other artists have had more than one instrumental number one : Eddie Calvert ( in 1954 and 1955 ) , Winifred Atwell ( in 1954 and 1956 ) and Russ Conway ( both in 1959 ) . Calvert 's track `` O Mein Papa '' stayed at the top of the charts for nine weeks , longer than any other instrumental single . The single `` Cherry Pink ( and Apple Blossom White ) '' has been an instrumental number one for two different artists ( Calvert and Perez Prado ) in 1955 . To date , Martin Garrix is the most recent artist to have an instrumental number one , with `` Animals '' in November 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a29a7a334c486a038d5be4bf7bd034d7", "text": "The Visualise Tour The Visualise Tour is the debut Australian concert tour by singer-songwriter Delta Goodrem . During July 2005 , Goodrem performed a total of ten shows to an estimated audience of 80,000 people , making it one of Australia 's highest selling local tours . The tour began with a `` preview show '' in Newcastle , before heading to Perth , Adelaide , Brisbane , Melbourne , Sydney , Canberra and Hobart . The show features Goodrem with a live band , string section and four male dancers and is split into five distinctive sections , each with a different costume change and theme , designed to highlight Goodrem 's versatility as a vocalist , pianist and dancer . The set list is composed of songs from both the Innocent Eyes and Mistaken Identity albums , as well Goodrem 's debut single `` I Do n't Care '' and covers of Australian rock group , Jet 's `` Are You Gon na Be My Girl '' and Carole King 's `` I Feel The Earth Move '' . Former Westlife singer Brian McFadden joined Goodrem on stage to perform their number one single `` Almost Here '' as well the Westlife song `` Flying Without Wings '' . The support act for the tour was Canadian artist , Kyle Riabko . Goodrem became the first Australian artist to headline a show at the Sydney SuperDome ( now Acer Arena ) , while tickets to the two Sydney shows officially outsold shows by major international acts such as Destiny 's Child , Green Day and 50 Cent , who had performed in Sydney earlier the same year . The 24 July performance in Sydney was filmed for the DVD release , titled The Visualise Tour : Live in Concert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a11a1828654b0c005bf1720e6ef2451", "text": "Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . '' A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) . The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School . In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) . The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d963faf55007b7759b152d402f6cdd37", "text": "The Greatest Hits Tour (Girls Aloud) The Greatest Hits Tour was the third concert tour by Irish and British girl group Girls Aloud , in support of their first greatest hits album The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits . Girls Aloud returned to Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland , having not performed there on 2006 's Chemistry Tour . The band performed sixteen dates in various arenas across the United Kingdom and Ireland , making it their second arena tour . The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour kicked off in Cheryl Cole 's hometown of Newcastle on 14 May 2007 and concluding in near Nadine Coyle 's home in Belfast on 2 June 2007 . The show was divided into five unique sections with distinct costumes , including the encore . Girls Aloud descended onto the stage from the ceiling as they performed `` Something Kinda Ooooh '' . They performed fourteen of the fifteen singles they had released at the time , as well as a couple of album tracks and a Dirty Dancing medley . A number of songs were also remixed or reworked . Girls Aloud received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics , who praised Girls Aloud 's original songs but criticized the number of cover versions and the show 's lack of budget . Critics also noted Girls Aloud 's provocative attire . Much like the greatest hits album , The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour was a commercial success . Girls Aloud released another studio album and announced an accompanying tour for the following year . The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour remains Girls Aloud 's only tour not to receive a video release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e9b16234680b33ed4b4c704228eb9d", "text": "Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space . A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre . Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals . While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .", "title": "" } ]	fever
343f5554b6b8bc0ef76e9d09aa743162	The fifth studio album of the Gorillaz is Humanz.	[ { "docid": "86663bdee7a46e0fb4e7386ba4bb26b9", "text": "Gorillaz Gorillaz are an English virtual band created in 1998 by musician Damon Albarn and artist Jamie Hewlett . The band consists of four animated members : 2-D ( lead vocals , keyboards ) , Murdoc Niccals ( bass guitar ) , Noodle ( guitar , keyboards ) and Russel Hobbs ( drums and percussion ) . These members are fictional and are not personas of any `` real life '' musicians involved in the project . Their fictional universe is explored through the band 's website and music videos , as well as a number of other media , such as short cartoons . In reality , Albarn is the only permanent musical contributor , and the music is often a collaboration between various musicians . Writers and critics have described their music as alternative rock , Britpop , trip hop , hip hop , electronica , indie , dub , reggae and pop . The band 's 2001 debut album Gorillaz sold over seven million copies and earned them an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records as the Most Successful Virtual Band . It was nominated for the Mercury Prize in 2001 , but the nomination was later withdrawn at the band 's request . Their second studio album Demon Days ( 2005 ) went five times platinum in the UK and double platinum in the US . The band has won other awards , including one Grammy Award , two MTV Video Music Awards , an NME Award , three MTV Europe Music Awards , and have been nominated for nine Brit Awards . The band 's third studio album , Plastic Beach , was released in March 2010 . Their fourth studio album called The Fall was released in December 2010 as a free download for fan club members , then in April 2011 as a physical release . After a six-year hiatus , Gorillaz announced their fifth studio album Humanz , which was released on 28 April 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "87284bf801c47d093a27e4a9cbae7cfa", "text": "The Peoples Champ The Peoples Champ is the second studio album by American rapper Paul Wall . It was released on September 13 , 2005 , by Swishahouse , Atlantic Records and Asylum Records . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , selling 176,000 copies in its first week . This serves as his first number one in two solo studio releases , after Chick Magnet ( 2004 ) . The album was supported by four singles : `` Sittin ' Sidewayz '' featuring Big Pokey , `` They Do n't Know '' , `` Girl '' and `` Drive Slow '' ( Kanye West featuring Paul Wall and GLC ) . Both `` Sittin ' Sidewayz '' and `` Girl '' are certified gold by the RIAA for selling more than 500,000 copies each in the United States . The limited edition of The Peoples Champ features two CDs : disc one contains the original album , while disc two contains the `` screwed and chopped '' version by DJ Michael `` 5000 '' Watts . The Watts mix was released as a stand-alone CD the following week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d3f0682dd83259c8e7f4b1756aa59fa", "text": "Gorilla Preacher Cartel Gorilla Preacher Cartel is the forty-fourth album by Omar Rodríguez-López as a solo artist , released on March 24 , 2017 . It is the nineteenth release in the album series initiated by Ipecac Recordings , the seventh of the 2017 series . Original release schedule listed a different title , Scrapyard Handshakes . It 's unknown whether this title was meant for this album , or a different release altogether . The record serves as a sort of compilation gathering vastly different types of recordings and songs / `` scraps '' from various times throughout the 2000s in the vein of 2016 's Some Need It Lonely , although this record has a much greater emphasis on instrumental tracks , even featuring lengthy guitar solos on most songs . `` Buying Friendships '' was uploaded in advance as the album 's single . It features recorded tracks from two former Mars Volta drummers , Jon Theodore & Deantoni Parks , fused together as an entirely new song with Omar adding a vocal track . Parts of the 2008 records Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fungus & Minor Cuts and Scrapes in the Bushes Ahead are revisited here from their 2001 sessions prior to the formation of The Mars Volta featured on the first track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16079cbbfc182be1dbb1aefab39a2ea3", "text": "Doppelherz Doppelherz ( or Doppleherz ) is a short , surrealist film by Marilyn Manson that runs for 26 minutes and was included on a Bonus DVD that came with some releases of Marilyn Manson 's fifth studio album , The Golden Age of Grotesque , released in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4ce2bbdd038ea9012293041b683cfdf", "text": "Order (album) Order is the fifth and final studio album by the German metalcore band Maroon . It was released on April 20 , 2009 though Century Media Records . The album debuted at number 63 on the German Media Control Charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "999e1b7e87b4b078f8de42a5e847099f", "text": "Shake It... Shake It ... is Australian band Endorphin 's fifth studio album , released in late 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cef27d51faacb6f3702fb98ebb90fd57", "text": "Human Animal Human Animal is Wolf Eyes ' fifth album proper , released 26 September 2006 by Sub Pop . The title track `` Human Animal '' is different from the one originally issued on the Wolf Eyes/Prurient split The Warriors . `` Noise Not Music '' was originally by No Fucker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "723f6b9d37bc3e99df2e9cfa36ad5a47", "text": "Human Being (album) Human Being is the third album by Seal , released in 1998 . The title track was written about late rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. Human Being received mixed reviews ranging from being panned for its overtly dark and moody feel , to being described in terms such as `` pop perfection '' . The album failed to sell in the same way as his 1994 multi-platinum album , Seal . However , it is a fan favourite and was inspired by his then-girlfriend , Tyra Banks and their breakup . A remix of `` Lost My Faith '' was featured over the closing credits of the 1999 film Entrapment , and the song 's single release was accompanied by a music video in which Seal is integrated into scenes from the film alongside Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta-Jones . The album sold over 500,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd21cf1d7731b9b2a9dbbd366c4b65f1", "text": "Agreement on the Conservation of Gorillas and Their Habitats The Agreement on the Conservation of Gorillas and Their Habitats , also known as the Gorilla Agreement , is a Multilateral Environmental Agreement that binds the Parties to conserve gorillas in their territories . It was concluded 2007 under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals ( CMS ) , also known as the `` Bonn Convention '' , with scientific support from the Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences and GRASP . The Gorilla Agreement covers 10 range States ( Angola , Cameroon , Central African Republic , Congo Republic , Democratic Republic of Congo , Equatorial Guinea , Gabon , Nigeria , Rwanda and Uganda ) and entered into force in June 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2757bf3c6bb2763f12ae8b4ee8b9190b", "text": "Human (Rag'n'Bone Man album) Human is the debut studio album by British singer and songwriter Rag 'n' Bone Man . It was released on 10 February 2017 through Columbia Records and features his breakthrough single of 2016 , entitled `` Human '' . It debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart on sales of 117,000 , making it the fastest-selling debut album by a male artist during the 2010s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19ff75303ec45ae2ac551de94511a05e", "text": "Lost (Gorilla Zoe song) `` Lost '' is a song by American hip hop recording artist Gorilla Zoe , released October 28 , 2008 as the lead single from his second studio album Do n't Feed Da Animals ( 2009 ) . The song leaked in May 2008 entitled `` Losin ' My Mind '' , featuring a verse from fellow American rapper Lil Wayne . It is notable that , specifically with the Lil Wayne version , both songs use the auto-tune effect . `` Lost '' received positive reviews from critics praising Drumma Boy 's electronic production and Zoe 's sincere Auto-Tune delivery of introspective lyrics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f8428b85d8cf992355b40ea6edf532b", "text": "Album Title Goes Here > Album Title Goes Here < ( stylized as > album title goes here < ) is the sixth studio album by the Canadian record producer and DJ deadmau5 , released on 21 September 2012 by his vanity record label mau5trap Recordings and Ultra Records in the United States and Canada and by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom . The album is considered to be more experimental than deadmau5 's previous albums , and he stated in an interview with Fuse that he had been considering producing music similar to his debut album Get Scraped ( 2005 ) again . It is the last studio album by deadmau5 to be released by Ultra Records , as well as his only album to be released by Parlophone . Album Title Goes Here spawned five singles : `` Maths '' , `` The Veldt '' , `` Professional Griefers '' , `` Channel 42 '' and `` Telemiscommunications '' . The album received a nomination for Best Dance/Electronica Album at the 55th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24ef83e565727f5b38ba223b7d7722b7", "text": "The Psycho-Social, Chemical, Biological & Electro-Magnetic Manipulation of Human Consciousness The Psycho-Social , Chemical , Biological & Electro-Magnetic Manipulation of Human Consciousness ( often abbreviated as The Psycho-Social CD ) is the debut album of underground hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks . The group consists of Vinnie Paz , and producer Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind . The original version of the album was released in 1997 limited to 1000 copies on vinyl by Superegular Records , and was re-released on CD in 2003 on Babygrande Records with six bonus tracks , featuring songs recorded by the group before their debut release . Many believed the vinyl version was re-issued in 2001 , possibly because the back of the vinyl release says `` 2001 superegular '' , this is however a nod to the forward-thinking aspects of the album . The album lightly touches on religious corruption and violence , but not nearly to the level of their more well-received , and better produced sophomore effort ( most of the braggadocio being in regard to lyrical skill , and not physical threats . ) Primarily the album focuses on references to astronomy , history and physics . Also this album was inspired by a lot of `` crazy books '' mentioned by Vinnie Paz in an interview . One of those books was called `` Matrix III - The psycho-social , chemical , biological & electro-magnetic manipulation of human consciousness '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "687dcb02eede3a5996c62eeaed56d3cf", "text": "Mainstream Outlawz Mainstream Outlawz '' is the fourth studio album of the hip hop group X-Clan . The album consists of 14 tracks and it features artists such Bun B and Supernatural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "761a44687ff8d7b3ab4ad57ea9827a62", "text": "The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits, Vol. 5 The Source Presents : Hip Hop Hits , Volume 5 is the fifth annual music compilation album to be contributed by The Source magazine . Released December 18 , 2001 , and distributed by Def Jam Recordings , Hip Hop Hits Volume 5 features sixteen hip hop and rap hits ( two of them are bonus tracks ) . It went to number 37 on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart and peaked at number 48 on the Billboard 200 album chart . Purple Pills ( or Purple Hills ) is the only number-one Hot Rap Tracks hit on Volume 5 . Likewise , the album is the second in Hip Hop Hits series to feature a Billboard Hot 100 number one hit ( Volume 1 is first ) : I 'm Real . It is the fourth Hip Hop Hits album not to feature a number-one hit on the R&B / Hip Hop chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c178df5cf1ffa1bf8a483949aed70a4", "text": "Demon Days Live Demon Days Live was a limited concert tour performed by the British alternative rock virtual band Gorillaz , in support of their second studio album Demon Days . Demon Days Live is unique among Gorillaz ' live tours , featuring only two venues : five shows were played at the Manchester Opera House in England , and another five were played at New York City 's Apollo Theater . The Manchester leg of the tour was later released onto DVD as Demon Days : Live at the Manchester Opera House . The New York leg of the tour was broadcast on MHD ( now MTV Live ) as Gorillaz : Live in Harlem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9c2f8cdbf3cd291c9fcfbfbb19527d5", "text": "Human Racing Human Racing is the debut studio album by the English singer-songwriter Nik Kershaw . It was originally released in February 1984 , on the label MCA . Several songs like `` Drum Talk '' were based around improvisation ; other songs , like `` I Wo n't Let the Sun Go Down on Me '' , had a political message . Kershaw 's most commercially successful solo album , it went on to peak at # 5 on the UK Albums Chart and reached # 35 on the Australian ARIA Charts . The album also reached the top ten in several other countries including Germany , Finland , and Norway . The album launched four charting singles in the UK . `` Would n't It Be Good '' peaked at # 4 on the UK Singles Chart ; `` Dancing Girls '' peaked at # 13 ; `` I Wo n't Let the Sun Go Down on Me '' at # 2 ; `` Human Racing '' at # 19 . The album was the 22nd biggest selling album of 1984 in the UK and received a nomination for Best British Album at the 1985 Brit Awards . The album was multi-platnium by the BPI . The album was re-released on 27 February 2012 on Universal 's new Re-presents imprint featuring rare bonus content . The reissue is a 2-CD set with the original album digitally remastered from the original 1/2 '' mix tapes ; the bonus content consists of associated 12 '' mixes and B-sides including a previously unreleased version of `` Bogart '' , a special brass mix of `` Shame on You '' and a live version of `` Cloak and Dagger '' recorded at the Hammersmith Odeon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0964658b69fd3840ef28ab749f910e1d", "text": "Boz Scaggs (album) Boz Scaggs is the second album by Boz Scaggs ; it was released in 1969 . After two years with the Steve Miller Band , Scaggs once again set out on his own , recording at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield , Alabama . The other musicians on the album include Duane Allman , Eddie Hinton , Jimmy Johnson , Barry Beckett , David Hood , Roger Hawkins and Al Lester . It was produced by Rolling Stone founder and editor Jann Wenner , Scaggs and Marlin Greene . The album ( SD-8239 ) sold slowly despite positive reviews . Originally mixed by Stax Records ' engineer Terry Manning , it remained in the catalogue for a number of years and was deleted around 1974 or 1975 . In 1977 the album was remixed in Los Angeles by Tom Perry and was released by Atlantic ( SD-19166 ) in 1978 to spotlight Duane Allman 's guitar playing , with the same cover art . As well as the guitar , the remix brings several things forward in the mix such as horns and keyboards while burying the background vocals ; there is also an odd 30-second volume drop at the end of `` Finding Her '' . This remix was the only complete version of the album available on CD until the Audio Fidelity remastered release of December 2013 , which restored Manning 's original master mix in its entirety . In 2008 , the album was reissued by Friday Music on a 180 gram vinyl LP using Manning 's original mix for the first time since the album was originally released . In a 2012 updated list , the album listed at # 496 on the Rolling Stone 's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . In 2015 , UK Edsel Records reissued with two mixes in a 2-CD set , but amazingly , Edsel mislabeled the discs ( `` 1977 remixed '' plays `` 1969 original version '' ) ! As of 2017 , this has apparently not been corrected .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1de6bbf4152803b4ae01cb79416110", "text": "Thug World Order Thug World Order is the fifth studio album by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , released on October 29 , 2002 . This was the group 's final album under Ruthless Records and have now created their own label Bone Thugs Records . Bone Thugs Records started off promoting their first two artist set for solo albums , LaReece ( of ThugLine Records ) and Bruce Hathcock . Tomica and the group met in Miami to record the album , as well as get on better terms . The group recorded five tracks while they were there . The first single released from the album was `` Get Up & Get It '' , featuring 3LW . The second single released from the album was `` Home '' featuring Phil Collins , which charted in the UK . Due to Flesh-n-Bone being sent to prison on weapons charges he does not make an appearance on the album ( not counting the skit of him and DJ U-Neek ) . Not long after the album 's release Bizzy Bone was kicked out of the group leaving only Layzie Bone , Wish Bone & Krayzie Bone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc9ce39e35b72a04ef0b67b1b9d79fc2", "text": "See Ya 'Round See Ya ` Round is the ninth and final album by New Zealand 's premier new wave band , Split Enz , and was released in 1984 , following the departure of founding member Tim Finn , whose solo career had officially taken off the year before . Remaining songwriter Neil Finn , claiming to be a little daunted by the prospect of leading his older brother 's band , subsequently announced that this would be the final Split Enz studio recording . Since he only had an EP 's worth of material ready , the record was filled out by lightweight , experimental contributions from each of the other band members . In interviews , Neil has revealed that the original EP was to have been the first five tracks on the album ( `` Breakin ' My Back '' through `` Years Go By '' ) . Neil Finn 's demos from this era included an early version of the future Crowded House hit , `` Something So Strong '' ( at this point a ballad ) , as well as prototypes for `` I Walk Away '' ( known as `` Love and Success '' and `` Your Inspiration '' ) , and `` Ca n't Carry On '' . Tim Finn had also recorded a collection of demos at Sing Sing Studios for the next Enz album , but his departure ensured that they would remain unreleased . The album 's lead single , `` I Walk Away , '' had a low-budget video clip which features the band protruding their faces through theatrical costume cut-outs , much like on the artwork of the album . The song was also released on a 12 '' single , featuring an of-its-era extended remix . Neither single nor album were released in the USA , because after most copies of 1983 's Conflicting Emotions ended up in bargain bins , the American label A&M would not risk another potential Split Enz failure and dropped them from the roster . `` I Walk Away '' was later re-recorded ( with a different verse ) and re-released on the U.S. issue of the first Crowded House album , as it was new to U.S. audiences . Originally intended as a goodbye to the Enz , key parts of the song were rewritten for the Crowded House album , supposedly to reflect Neil 's uncertainty of venturing away from the security of the Enz . See Ya ` Round was initially released only in Australia and New Zealand , charting at # 29 and # 5 , respectively . A later release in Canada featured a grey border on the cover instead of an orange one . After an appearance on Countdown and the release of `` One Mouth Is Fed '' as a follow-up single , the band decided to end with a proper goodbye and beckoned Tim Finn back for one final `` Enz With a Bang '' tour . It is on this tour that Neil met future Crowded House bassist and collaborator , Nick Seymour . A live album was released a year later featuring songs from the three Melbourne shows of this tour and the 1982 Time and Tide tour .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1fa598ec346f2dad7d48cccf22f113c8	Dirty Diana is by American artist Michael Jackson.	[ { "docid": "aaf2a4fe020566cedc97b7b2346847ed", "text": "Dirty Diana `` Dirty Diana '' is a song by American artist Michael Jackson . It is the ninth track on Jackson 's seventh studio album , Bad . The song was released by Epic Records on April 18 , 1988 as the fifth single from the album . It presents a harder rock sound similar to `` Beat It '' from Thriller and a guitar solo played by Steve Stevens . `` Dirty Diana '' was written and co-produced by Jackson , and produced by Quincy Jones . The songs lyrics pertain to groupies . `` Dirty Diana '' has a moderate tempo and is played in the key of G minor . `` Dirty Diana '' received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics , but was a commercial success worldwide in 1988 , charting at No. 1 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 . The song also charted within the top ten in multiple countries , including the United Kingdom , France , Italy , and New Zealand . `` Dirty Diana '' was the fifth and final Hot 100 number one single from Bad . In 2009 , after Jackson 's death in June , the song re-entered charts , mainly due to digital download sales . A music video for `` Dirty Diana '' was filmed in front of a live audience and released in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5e02d70d2216c10220aac0ca6a690c", "text": "Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s . Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it . The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6d3e1d93355b2af6d299e37e274050a0", "text": "Swept Away (Diana Ross song) `` Swept Away '' is a rock-flavored dance song written by Daryl Hall with Sara Allen . It was produced by Hall with Arthur Baker , and recorded by superstar singer Diana Ross for her successful album of the same name . Ross released the song as a single on the RCA label in 1984 . The song talked about how the narrator thought she was in love with a special person only to find out that she had just been `` swept away '' after catching her lover cheating on her sending her into a rage and panic . In the sensual music video , directed by Dominic Orlando in Manhattan and on location in Long Island , Diana is seduced by a Frenchman and falls in love with him only to find out , after arriving unannounced in a bar , that he 's cheating on her with another French girl in a stylized Apache Dance . She then confronts the man - hitting him repeatedly - who ends up being knocked unconscious by the singer . Later in the video , the Frenchman tries to fight his way back into her life only to have Ross push him from a lighthouse tower into the water . It was one of her most popular videos , and her first to air on MTV . The music video was blown up to 35mm for projection during Diana Ross ' live performances at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas . There 's also an extended version of the video edited for the 12 '' dance club remix . Baker had been a club DJ turned remixer who was just breaking into production , and the twelve-inch version became one of Ross ' most successful , reaching number one on the Dance/Disco chart . The single also reached nineteen on the US pop singles chart and number three on the R&B singles chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f5f33808709ad8e10fd1f05fa9f0ca", "text": "This Is It (concerts) This Is It was a planned residency show of 50 concerts by Michael Jackson at the O2 Arena in London , scheduled to run from July 2009 to March 2010 . The shows were to be Jackson 's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997 . With all concerts sold out , Jackson suffered a cardiac arrest and died less than three weeks before the first concert was scheduled to begin . Jackson announced This Is It at a press conference in the O2 Arena , stating that it would be his final series of concerts in London . AEG Live , the concert promoters , released a promotional video that took up an entire commercial break , setting a record for ITV . Initially only 10 concerts were announced , but following public demand 40 more concerts were added . Ticket sales broke several records and Jackson 's album sales increased following the announcement ; AEG Live estimated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned Jackson approximately # 50 million . In preparation for the concert series , Jackson had been collaborating with high-profile figures including fashion designer Christian Audigier , choreographer Kenny Ortega and bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno . Prior to Jackson 's death , Allgood Entertainment sued Jackson for $ 40 million , claiming that he had breached an exclusivity agreement with them by agreeing to the This Is It concerts . The case was dismissed . After Jackson 's death , AEG Live offered either refunds to ticket holders or a special `` souvenir '' ticket designed by Jackson . The cancelled shows , record-breaking ticket sales and potential for a world tour made This Is It `` the greatest concert -LSB- s -RSB- that never happened . '' Columbia Pictures acquired the footage of the rehearsals and released a concert film , Michael Jackson 's This Is It , accompanied by a compilation album of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc7ae452c762147d2a85f605c044fcf6", "text": "La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family La Toya : Growing up in the Jackson Family is an autobiography written by American singer La Toya Jackson , and co-authored by celebrity biography author Patricia Romanowski . The book was originally released on February 7 , 1991 , around the same time as Jackson 's seventh studio album No Relations . In this autobiography , Jackson accuses her father , Joseph , of child abuse , and goes into detail on the personal lives of her superstar siblings Michael and Janet as well as Jermaine , Randy , Tito , and Rebbie Jackson 's struggle under the spotlight . The Jackson family denied all of her allegations . At the time the book was written , Jackson was married to her reportedly abusive manager Jack Gordon , who she now accuses of inserting his own stories into her autobiography to embarrass her family and make her appear to be a `` drama queen '' . Jackson reunited with her family in the late 1990s after leaving Gordon . On her interview with Larry King in 2003 she said that she respectfully accepted her father 's apologies for the way he treated her and her siblings as children . The autobiography was re-issued under various titles throughout the 1990s . The original hardcover edition spent several weeks atop the New York Times Bestseller List . In the weeks leading up to the release of the book , Gordon ordered that the transcript be kept in a high-security vault out of fear that the Jackson family would attempt to sabotage the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed073c576632be5e54e9352e5226348", "text": "Ross (1983 album) Ross is a 1983 album by the American entertainer Diana Ross , her third released on the RCA label . It was released shortly before Ross gave a pair of free concerts in New York 's Central Park . The album reached # 32 on the US charts , # 14 on the US R&B charts and # 44 in the UK . It has never been reissued as a digital download . The album 's highest international chart position was in Sweden , where it reached # 7 . Five of the eight tracks were produced by Gary Katz , two by Ray Parker Jr and one by Ross . The album 's first single , `` Pieces of Ice '' , peaked at # 31 on the US charts . Subsequent singles `` Up Front '' ( US R&B # 60 , UK # 79 ) and `` Let 's Go Up '' ( US # 77 ) were also minor hits . `` Up Front '' was remixed by Jolley & Swain for its European release . The album 's final US sales were slightly higher than 250,000 copies . The album was remastered and re-released in September 2014 by Funky Town Grooves , as an `` Expanded Edition '' with bonus material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f360ebfb40cb4728ec84ceba1d42264b", "text": "Xscape (album) Xscape is the second posthumous album of previously unreleased tracks by American singer Michael Jackson . It is his eighth album released through Epic Records , and it was released on May 13 , 2014 by Epic Records and MJJ Music . It is the fifth album released by Sony and Motown since Jackson 's death in June 2009 . L.A. Reid , chairman of Epic Records , curated and served as executive producer for the album enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers , including StarGate , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , John McClain , and Rodney Jerkins , to remix and contemporize the eight selected tracks . Jerkins produced the title song and is the only original song producer to work on the final productions . Xscape was promoted across the Sony group of companies ; Sony Mobile used a snippet of `` Slave to the Rhythm '' in their advertising campaign for the Xperia Z2 mobile phone . `` Love Never Felt So Good '' was announced as the official lead single to premiere on May 1 , 2014 . The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs in their original forms as well as one bonus track and two videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b385e012070856584bac8122aadb78be", "text": "Hotel Cabana Hotel Cabana is the debut studio album by British record producer Shahid `` Naughty Boy '' Khan , released from 23 August 2013 through Naughty Boy Recordings and Virgin EMI . Khan set up his Naughty Boy Productions record and production company . He would find his break by producing Chipmunk 's 2009 top-ten single `` Diamond Rings '' , featuring a then unknown Emeli Sandé . Naughty Boy released his own debut single as a signed artist in 2010 . `` Never Be Your Woman '' samples White Town 's 1997 number-one single `` Your Woman '' and featured British grime artist Wiley and Sandé on the chorus ; it reached the top ten in the UK and is included as a bonus track on Hotel Cabana . The collaboration marked the start of a partnership between Naughty Boy and Sandé which is seen throughout Hotel Cabana and Sandé 's debut set , Our Version of Events ( 2012 ) . Hotel Cabana is R&B , soul , garage , pop and hip hop music productions record , with influences from orchestral and Bollywood music . Naughty Boy describes it as an `` audio-visual experience '' and a concept album based on a luxury hotel where musicians come to perform . Hotel Cabana reunites Naughty Boy with Sandé on eight collaborations , as well as features from other British artists such George the Poet , Sam Smith , Bastille , Tinie Tempah , Ella Eyre , Gabrielle , Wretch 32 , Mic Righteous , Maiday , Chasing Grace , Ed Sheeran , and American rapper Wiz Khalifa , who appears on the album 's fourth single overall , `` Think About It '' , with Eyre . Ava Stokes , Tanika , Thabo and RØMANS make additional appearances on the US version of the album which was released by Virgin Records on 6 May 2014 . Prior to release , Hotel Cabana was promoted with several video trailers which included the collaborating artists arriving at the fictional hotel . It was also preceded by the release of three singles , including the two top-ten Sandé collaborations : `` Wonder '' and `` Lifted '' , as well as the UK Singles Chart-topper `` La La La '' ( featuring Sam Smith ) . Upon release , the album received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who praised the production , but with some criticism towards the concept , execution and some collaborations . Hotel Cabana made its chart debuts at number two in the UK , number five in Scotland and twenty-five in Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2f267caa1dad67c83383f4899c9eb64", "text": "Millie Jackson (album) Millie Jackson is the self-titled debut album by singer-songwriter , Millie Jackson . This album is different from all her other album to follow in that this album features some Motown style songs . It includes the R&B hits `` A Child of God ( It 's Hard to Believe ) '' , `` My Man , A Sweet Man '' and `` Ask Me What You Want . '' The album was arranged by Tony Camillo and Bert de Coteaux . In 2006 , Ace Records in the UK digitally remastered this album ( along with four other best-selling Millie Jackson albums ) and released it on CD with bonus tracks and extensive liner notes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfd144319785522649d0769defead99", "text": "Invincible (Michael Jackson album) Invincible is the final studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson , released on October 30 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Similar to Jackson 's previous material , Invincible explores themes such as love , romance , isolation , media criticism , and social issues . It was his sixth studio album released through Epic label . An extensive and laborious album to make , Jackson started production in 1997 , and did not finish until eight weeks before the album 's October 2001 release . Jackson recorded in over 10 different studios , and the final cost was over thirty million dollars . Combined with twenty five million toward the cost of promoting the album , Invincible is the most expensive album ever made . The album peaked at number one in eleven territories worldwide , including the United States ( with first-week sales of 363,000 units ) , the United Kingdom , Australia , France and Switzerland . Invincible charted within the top ten in six other territories . Upon release , the album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics . Invincible was one of the best-selling of 2001 , being ranked at # 9 on the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 's ( IFPI ) Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275664bcd87b4620bff410f3595e85a4", "text": "Diana Vickers discography The discography of Diana Vickers , a British singer-songwriter , consists of two studio albums , one extended play , and seven singles . Vickers debuted in 2008 as a contestant on the The X Factor , a British television music competition . Her fourth-place finish brought Vickers to the attention of RCA Records , which signed her in 2009 . Vickers released her debut studio album Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree in May 2010 . The album reached number one on the United Kingdom albums chart and the top ten of the Irish and Scottish album charts . In August 2010 , it was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Two singles were released from the album : `` Once '' and `` The Boy Who Murdered Love '' , with `` Once '' peaking at number one in the UK . `` My Wicked Heart '' , a non-album song , followed in late 2010 . In July 2011 , Vickers parted ways with RCA Records citing `` musical differences '' in the direction for the second album as the reason behind the mutual split . In February 2013 , it was revealed that Vickers had signed a worldwide record deal with So Recordings . On 9 April 2013 , it was confirmed that the lead single to Vickers ' second album is titled `` Cinderella '' , with a preview snippet being made available on iTunes . `` Cinderella '' was released to digital retailers on 21 July 2013 in the UK . Vickers ' second album titled , Music to Make Boys Cry followed on 15 September 2013 in the UK and Ireland along with the title track serving as the album 's second single . The album charted at number thirty-seven on the UK Albums Chart and number nine on the UK Indie Chart on 22 September 2013 . It also broke into the Top 20 of the Irish Independent Albums Chart peaking at number nineteen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdc25ff2226580bea612f5f7248d0658", "text": "Butterflies (Michael Jackson song) `` Butterflies '' is a song by Michael Jackson . It was written and composed by Andre Harris and Marsha Ambrosius , and produced by Jackson and Harris . The track appears on Jackson 's tenth studio album , Invincible ( 2001 ) , and is Jackson 's final single from a studio album . `` Butterflies '' is a midtempo ballad song with R&B musical styles . The single received generally positive reviews from music critics ; some music reviewers described the song as being one of the best songs on Invincible while others felt that it was a `` decent track '' . The song was only released in the United States to radio airplay . It peaked at number fourteen on the Billboard Hot 100 , and also charting at number two and thirty-six , respectively , on alternative Billboard charts in 2001 and 2002 . There was no music video released for the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7cd16634b01dc8faf6a6e486278b14f", "text": "A Collection of Michael Jackson's Oldies A Collection of Michael Jackson 's Oldies is a compilation of the Motown Records released on December 8 , 1972 , with songs by Michael Jackson and The Jackson 5 that were made between 1969 and 1972 . It was only published in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3facbe3889358a50169daa89645777cb", "text": "Full Moon (Brandy album) Full Moon is the third studio album by American R&B recording artist Brandy . It was released by Atlantic Records on March 5 , 2002 . The album was recorded primarily during the summer and fall of 2001 at The Hit Factory in Miami , amid a three-year musical hiatus following the success of her multi-platinum previous studio album Never Say Never ( 1998 ) and the finale of her highly successful television sitcom Moesha in May 2001 . As with Never Say Never , Brandy collaborated with producer Rodney Jerkins and his Darkchild production and songwriting team on the majority of the album 's composition , while additional work from Mike City , Warryn Campbell , and Keith Crouch was contributed . Brandy credited Whitney Houston , Kim Burrell and Enya for inspiring her to push the limits of her voice and vocal arrangements . With Brandy in a relationship with one of the album 's primary musicians , its lyrical concepts centered on both sensual and frustrated feelings toward a lover . Jerkins credited Michael Jackson , Brandy 's voice , and his experiences at European nightclubs for influencing the sound of the album . Lyrically , the album speaks on love in all its forms . Musically , Full Moon drew inspiration from UK garage , electro , dance , glitch , and funktronica , while blending soul and R&B elements into adult contemporary ballads . At the time of its release , the album received mixed reviews from music critics , but has since earned retrospective acclaim and recognition from musicians , singers , and producers , primarily for Brandy 's vocal work . The album became Norwood 's highest-charting album , as well as garnering two Grammy Award nominations including Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony . Full Moon debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , and at number two on the Billboard 200 , selling approximately 156,000 copies in its first week of release , and has been certified platinum by the RIAA . The album spawned three singles -- `` What About Us ? '' , `` Full Moon `` and `` He Is '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9fd9a34827d5bb0dffc18bbcb0a817", "text": "Night and Day (Joe Jackson album) Night and Day is Joe Jackson 's fifth album , released in June 1982 . It reached the Top 5 in both the UK and US , Jackson 's only studio album to do so . It sold over one million copies , earning platinum disc status . The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter ( and indirectly to New York ) . The track `` Real Men '' pointed obliquely to the city 's early 1980s gay culture . `` Steppin ' Out '' earned Grammy nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance , Male . It reached # 6 on both the UK and the US charts . `` Breaking Us in Two '' reached # 18 in the US and # 59 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbea0501fdd1379505174d687d49502", "text": "Smooth Criminal `` Smooth Criminal '' is the seventh single from American recording artist Michael Jackson 's 1987 Bad album . The song contains a fast-paced beat intertwined with Jackson 's lyrics about a woman named Annie , who has been violently attacked in her apartment by a `` smooth '' assailant . First broadcast on television as a video in early October , it was released as a single on October 21 , 1988 , and peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was re-released on April 10 , 2006 , as a part of the Visionary : The Video Singles box set . The re-released Visionary single charted at number 19 in the UK . The song is one of Jackson 's signature songs , and has appeared on numerous greatest hits albums , including Number Ones , The Essential Michael Jackson , Michael Jackson : The Ultimate Collection , King of Pop , This Is It , and Immortal . The song serves as the theme song to Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker , and plays as the background soundtrack in a section of the video game Michael Jackson 's Moonwalker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae461b624ecc0e28aed0b203858f26e0", "text": "Dirty Dancer `` Dirty Dancer '' is a song by Spanish recording artist Enrique Iglesias and American recording artist Usher , recorded for Iglesias ' sixth studio album , Euphoria , and included on Usher 's EP Versus . A remix of the song , which features American rapper Lil Wayne and American singer Nayer , was released on 9 May 2011 by Universal Music Group as the sixth single from Euphoria . Written by the two singers with Evan Bogart , Erika Nuri and David Quiñones and producer RedOne , `` Dirty Dancer '' is a dance-pop song with rave music influences . The album version of `` Dirty Dancer '' appeared on the UK Singles Chart , the Dutch Single Top 100 and the Slovakian Radio Top 100 Oficiálna , while the single version entered the Australian Singles Chart , the New Zealand Singles Chart and the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 . An Ethan Lader-directed music video for `` Dirty Dancer '' has the three artists watching holographic dancers in nightclubs.The single has already been certified Gold in Australia and USA . The song was covered by the Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation as part of their weekly radio covers in promotion for their upcoming event , Elements and was included on their April 2013 cover album The Q-Music Sessions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48ffe7d73552286c79b7ee7d31f2098", "text": "Music and Me (Michael Jackson song) `` Music and Me '' is a 1973 single released by Michael Jackson on the Motown label . It was the singer 's second single release from the album Music & Me . It reached number 29 in the Netherlands and number 49 in Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e8378d8b439f54f15dc09f2d15ca34", "text": "Torture (The Jacksons song) `` Torture '' is the second single released off the album Victory by the band , The Jacksons . Written by Jackie Jackson and fellow Motown veteran Kathy Wakefield , the song is about someone ending a relationship and the torture that a person can receive while trying to end it . Jackie was originally going to sing the song with his brother , Michael , but Jackie 's role instead went to Jermaine Jackson , whose availability for the album was in question until the last minute . The rest of the Jacksons sang the chorus along with Michael and Jermaine . The song received mixed reactions from critics . The video was probably best known for Michael not being available , and the use of a wax dummy in his place throughout the video . Paula Abdul replaced Perri Lister as the video 's choreographer , in which various scenes of torture are displayed with the Jacksons being on the receiving end of most of it . The shoot was an expensive and arduous affair that neither Michael nor Jermaine took part in , and it ultimately bankrupted the production company . The song peaked at # 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , making it the second best selling single on the album , behind `` State of Shock '' . It also peaked at # 26 on the UK charts . This was their last single to reach the US Top 40 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af81fa04a2d48334c84d8a0d707a8adb", "text": "Bad Girl (The Miracles song) `` Bad Girl '' is a 1959 doo-wop single by The Miracles . Issued locally on the Motown Records label , it was licensed to and issued nationally by Chess Records because the fledgling Motown Record Corporation did not , at that time , have national distribution . It was the first single released ( and the only one released by this group ) on the Motown label - all previous singles from the company ( and all following ones from the group ) were released on Motown 's Tamla label . Although The Miracles had charted regionally and on the R&B charts with several earlier songs , including `` Got a Job '' , `` I Cry '' , `` I Need a Change '' , and '' ( You Can ) Depend on Me '' , `` Bad Girl '' was their first national chart hit , reaching # 93 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Written by Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson and Motown Records ' President and Founder Berry Gordy , `` Bad Girl '' is a sad , remorseful ballad about a young woman , whom Robinson , as the narrator , says `` was so good at the start '' , but who later in the song `` is breaking my heart '' . It is in the popular doo-wop style , as several of The Miracles ' songs were during the late 1950s . The record 's success , coupled with the distributor 's failure to pay Gordy and The Miracles properly for its sales , prompted Robinson to urge Gordy to `` go national '' with it , meaning that Motown should do its own national distribution of its songs , and eliminate the middleman , to ensure that all money from sales of its records would go directly to the label . On the Motown/Universal DVD Smokey Robinson and The Miracles : The Definitive Performances 1963-1987 , Robinson and fellow Miracles Bobby Rogers and Pete Moore commented that the song 's success allowed the group to tour nationally for the first time , and to play New York 's legendary Apollo Theatre during the Ray Charles Show . The group was not ready for the appearance : it lacked performance experience and failed to produce professional big band arrangements to the satisfaction of theatre manager Honi Coles . Ray Charles intervened , took the group under his wing , and , with his band , created arrangements for their songs . Charles was one of the first to help them on their climb to eventual success . `` Bad Girl '' has since become a doo-wop classic and was named one of the 100 Greatest Doo-Wop Songs of All Time by Doo Wop Nation . It appears on several Miracles ' compilations , including Greatest Hits from the Beginning . The song was also performed by the group on their final live album , 1957 -- 1972 . It has been covered by the Dazz Band and by Motown artist Mary Wells , whose version was called `` Bad Boy '' and appeared on her debut album , Bye Bye Baby I Do n't Want to Take a Chance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3069a96ae73a386fbac1c316e0b448d7", "text": "Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour Live in Bucharest : The Dangerous Tour is a live concert DVD by American recording artist Michael Jackson released on July 25 , 2005 . The DVD was previously included with The Ultimate Collection box set in 2004 . The concert took place during Jackson 's first leg on his Dangerous World Tour on October 1 , 1992 at the Bucharest National Stadium , with a sold-out attendance of 90,000 . This concert is the first concert by Jackson that has been officially released on DVD in the United States , also released in Asia market on double Video CD . The other official releases by Michael Jackson is a VHS of his HIStory World Tour concert in Seoul , South Korea , and it was released only in South Korea in 1996 , and Live at Wembley July 16 , 1988 , which is the second leg of his Bad World Tour . There are various versions of the footage of the same concert that exist . The first version was broadcast the next day by BBC ; following Jackson 's death , this version was rebroadcast on BNN/Ned3 . All the footage in this version is from the Bucharest concert . The version that appears on the DVD was broadcast on HBO in 1992 , which became the highest audience in the channel 's history for a single broadcast . This version , while mostly having footage of Jackson performing at the Bucharest Concert ( some in alternate camera angles in comparison to the BBC version ) , also consisted of footage from concerts in other locations such as Madrid and London . Also missing were the `` Brace Yourself '' video introduction and the `` We Are the World Interlude , '' which were included in the original BBC Telecast . The crowd screaming and intro before `` Wan na Be Startin ' Somethin' '' is featured in Michael 's 2010 song `` Behind the Mask '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3424733c62c502acbd0201c6796ac76f	Jurassic World broke the record for opening weekend earnings.	[ { "docid": "30edec2f1713de8dace1ec17fb906a91", "text": "Jurassic World Jurassic World is a 2015 American science-fiction adventure film and the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park series . The film was directed and co-written by Colin Trevorrow , produced by Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley , and stars Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard . The production companies were Steven Spielberg 's Amblin Entertainment , also responsible for the rest of the Jurassic Park franchise , and Thomas Tull 's Legendary Pictures . Set 22 years after the events of Jurassic Park , Jurassic World takes place on the same fictional island of Isla Nublar , off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica , where a theme park populated with cloned dinosaurs has operated for ten years . The park plunges into chaos when a genetically created dinosaur breaks loose and goes on a rampage across the island . Universal Pictures intended to begin production on a fourth Jurassic Park film in 2004 for a summer 2005 release , but the film entered over a decade of development hell while the script went through revisions . Following a suggestion from Spielberg , writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver explored the idea of a functional dinosaur park . Once Trevorrow was hired as director in 2013 , he followed the same idea while developing a whole new script with Derek Connolly . Principal photography rolled from April to August 2014 , primarily in Louisiana while also using the original Jurassic Park filming locations in Hawaii . Again the dinosaurs were created through computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic and life-sized animatronics by Legacy Effects , a company created by the alumni of Jurassic Park veteran Stan Winston . Jurassic World was completed on May 10 , 2015 , and was released in over 60 countries beginning on June 10 , 2015 . After a record-breaking opening weekend during which it grossed $ 500 million worldwide , Jurassic World generated a total of $ 1.6 billion in box office revenue , standing as the fourth highest-grossing film of all time without inflation adjustment , as well as the second highest-grossing film of 2015 and the highest-grossing film in the franchise . A sequel is scheduled for release on June 22 , 2018 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "64fe90046d77d40550dff87344aa0ead", "text": "Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs is a 2009 American computer animated comedy adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios . It is the third installment in the Ice Age series and the sequel to Ice Age : The Meltdown ( 2006 ) . It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and co-directed by Mike Thurmeier . Ray Romano , John Leguizamo , Denis Leary and Queen Latifah reprise their roles from the first two films , with Simon Pegg joining them in the role of a weasel named Buck . The story has Sid being taken by a female Tyrannosaurus after stealing her eggs , leading the rest of the herd to rescue him in a tropical lost world inhabited by dinosaurs beneath the ice . The film was released on July 1 , 2009 by 20th Century Fox . It was the first Ice Age film and the first 20th Century Fox 's film to be released in 3D . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , it ranked at the time as the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time , earning $ 886.7 million worldwide . A sequel , titled Ice Age : Continental Drift , was released in 2012 , and another film , titled Ice Age : Collision Course , was released in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29918374caa121dce319f7d5a56ba06f", "text": "Alapalooza Alapalooza is the eighth studio album by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic , released in 1993 . By the completion of his previous album , Off the Deep End , Yankovic had already written all of the original songs that he planned to use on his next release . This new album , which would eventually be titled Alapalooza in reference to the music festival Lollapalooza , consisted of seven original songs and five parodies . It produced three parody singles : `` Jurassic Park '' , `` Bedrock Anthem '' , and `` Achy Breaky Song '' . `` Jurassic Park '' was a top five hit on the Canadian magazine The Records single chart . Among the album 's original creations were `` Talk Soup '' , a tune originally intended to replace the theme song of the television show of the same name , and `` Harvey the Wonder Hamster '' , an oft-requested jingle from one of Yankovic 's Al TV specials . A music video compilation , entitled Alapalooza : the Videos , was released the following year and contained four videos , only two of which were from its eponymous album . One of the videos , the one for `` Jurassic Park '' , was animated entirely in the style of claymation and received a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video at the 37th Grammy Awards , losing to `` Love Is Strong '' from The Rolling Stones . Alapalooza met with average to negative reception upon its release , with some critics commenting that the album seemed hurried and out of touch with contemporary music . The video offering received a similarly lukewarm response . Nonetheless the album was certified `` gold '' in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America by the end of the year , peaking at number 46 on the Billboard 200 , and went `` double platinum '' in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf3827eb70598dd95733a782b80e7c6", "text": "High roller A high roller , also referred to as a whale , is a gambler who wagers large amounts of money . High rollers often receive lavish `` comps '' from casinos to lure them onto the gambling floors , such as free private jet transfers , limousine use and use of the casinos ' best suites . Casinos may also extend credit to a player to continue betting , offer rebates on betting turnover or losses , and salaries of employees may also contain incentive arrangements to bring in high rollers . The definition of a high roller varies . At Crown Casino in Australia , for example , it involves bringing between A$ 50,000 and $ 75,000 to the table . High roller players often have very high table limits allowing the high roller exclusive use . Casinos compete on bet limits . In Australia limits of A$ 300,000 are common , in Las Vegas they are between US$ 150,000 and $ 300,000 , and in Macau they are up to US$ 500,000 . Only casinos with `` substantial financial firepower '' can accommodate high-stakes gambling due to the `` volatility '' of results . High rollers may also be subject to exceptions from various rules and regulations ; for example the high roller rooms at Crown Casino in Melbourne , Australia are the only licensed venue in the state not subject to a ban on smoking . High rollers are said to provide only a small fraction of casino `` action . '' John Eidsmoe , in his book Legalized Gambling : America 's Bad Bet , claims that it is actually gamblers from the lower and lower-middle classes in the United States that provide much of the gambling money . `` The occasional wealthy ` high roller ' does indeed exist , but he is the exception , not the standard . The fact that more than 50 % of Nevada 's gambling income comes from slot machines as opposed to the card tables should be an indication high rollers are not the main source of revenue . '' One example of a high roller is an Australian man who turned over more than A$ 1.5 billion in a 14-month period from 2005 , becoming `` one of Crown 's largest Australian players but not in the same league as -LSB- its -RSB- top international players '' . There have been many cases around the world where high rollers have committed fraud to provide funds for gambling beyond their means , after becoming seduced by the lifestyle . This was the case with famed gambler Terrance Watanabe who reputedly lost over $ 220M in Las Vegas over a 5-year period , and was ultimately sued by Caesars Entertainment for failing to pay up on markers he took out during the binge totaling $ 14.75 M. While high rollers may not provide a significant portion of the revenues in the casino industry as a whole , they can have a major effect on the net income of casinos that cater to them . There are significant costs associated with attracting the highest stakes gamblers , so if a casino takes this chance and the patron wins , its expenses can be extraordinarily large . But if the casino 's investment pays off and the high roller loses , the casino 's gain can far exceed its expenses for the high roller 's visit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcfb863eb9ffab9893fca12c5e9b8955", "text": "1995 in film This is a list of films released in 1995 . The first feature-length computer-animated film Toy Story was the year 's biggest box-office hit , and Braveheart won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51d1957e2dd059e76a676a2f620dac25", "text": "Bonnie Curtis Bonnie Kathleen Curtis ( born March 26 , 1966 ) is an American film producer whose credits include Saving Private Ryan , A.I. , Minority Report , and The Lost World : Jurassic Park , directed by Steven Spielberg . Her first solo project was the 2005 release The Chumscrubber . She then joined Mockingbird Pictures with partner Julie Lynn in 2011 . Curtis and Lynn produced Albert Nobbs , which was nominated for three Academy Awards . Curtis is a co-recipient of the 1999 Producers Guild Award for Motion Picture Producer of the Year , for Saving Private Ryan . On March 12 , 2015 , Curtis was inducted into the Texas Film Hall of Fame . Spielberg congratulated her via video message during the ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "113e76c4487d6742062d80f6863608fd", "text": "Ceratopsia Ceratopsia or Ceratopia ' ( -LSB- ˌsɛrəˈtɒpsiə -RSB- or -LSB- ˌsɛrəˈtoʊpiə -RSB- Greek : `` horned faces '' ) is a group of herbivorous , beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America , Europe , and Asia , during the Cretaceous Period , although ancestral forms lived earlier , in the Jurassic . The earliest known ceratopsian , Yinlong downsi , lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago . The last ceratopsian species , Triceratops prorsus , became extinct during the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event , . Early members of the ceratopsian group , such as Psittacosaurus , were small bipedal animals . Later members , including ceratopsids like Centrosaurus and Triceratops , became very large quadrupeds and developed elaborate facial horns and frills extending over the neck . While these frills might have served to protect the vulnerable neck from predators , they may also have been used for display , thermoregulation , the attachment of large neck and chewing muscles or some combination of the above . Ceratopsians ranged in size from 1 meter ( 3 ft ) and 23 kilograms ( 50 lb ) to over 9 meters ( 30 ft ) and 9,100 kg ( 20,100 lb ) . Triceratops is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public . It is traditional for ceratopsian genus names to end in '' - ceratops '' , although this is not always the case . One of the first named genera was Ceratops itself , which lent its name to the group , although it is considered a nomen dubium '' today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characteristics that are not also found in other ceratopsians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d67e6f4e87164f14868e3f6cf979202e", "text": "The Lost World: Jurassic Park (film score) Like its predecessor , The Lost World : Jurassic Park was scored by famed composer John Williams ( a longtime collaborator with director Steven Spielberg ) , orchestrated by Conrad Pope and John Neufeld , and recorded in Los Angeles . Notably , Williams did not write a stereotypical sequel score , but instead developed a wildly different style for the different location , cast , and darker tone of the second Jurassic Park film . The original soundtrack album -- released by MCA Records on April 30 , 1997 -- features over seventy minutes of the film 's music , including some material that was unused in the film 's final cut ( e.g. `` The Hunt '' ) . The single disc is packaged in a paper case that opens to reveal dioramas of jungle scenery and dinosaurs from the film . A John Williams collection edition , joint with the soundtrack to the first movie , was released by La-La Land Records on November 29 , 2016 , remastered and featuring additional unreleased music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de05db7f72e144bb81749a9181344fa2", "text": "SeaWorld SeaWorld is a United States chain of marine mammal parks , oceanariums , animal theme parks , and rehabilitation centers owned by SeaWorld Entertainment ( one park will be owned and operated by Miral under a license ) . The parks feature killer whale , sea lion , and dolphin shows and zoological displays featuring various other marine animals . There are operations located within the United States in Orlando , Florida ; San Diego , California ; San Antonio , Texas ; later outside the United States such as Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates ; and previously Aurora , Ohio . On March 5 , 2007 , SeaWorld Orlando announced addition of the Aquatica water park to its adventure park family , which already includes SeaWorld and Discovery Cove . SeaWorld parks also feature thrill rides , including roller coasters like Kraken and Manta at SeaWorld Orlando and Steel Eel and The Great White at SeaWorld San Antonio . Journey to Atlantis , a combination roller coaster and splashdown ride , can be found at all three parks . The parks were owned by Busch Entertainment Corp. , the family entertainment division of Anheuser-Busch , which is best known for brewing beer . In 2009 , Busch Entertainment was sold to the Blackstone Group and subsequently renamed SeaWorld Entertainment . In 2013 , Blackstone sold 37 % of SeaWorld Entertainment in an initial public offering , and sold its remaining 21 % holding to Zhonghong Zhuoye in 2017 . The parks ' marine mammal collections have been the subject of public debate over the years . The 2013 documentary film Blackfish , produced after a SeaWorld Orlando trainer was killed by one of the park 's killer whales , increased the scrutiny and has led to decreases in attendance , profits , and the company 's share price . It is a major theme park competitor to Six Flags , Cedar Fair , Walt Disney Parks & Resorts , and Universal Parks & Resorts . In 2016 , SeaWorld announced that they would end their in-park Orca breeding program , and eventually phase out their theatrical killer whale shows altogether starting in San Diego . It was announced later in the same year that SeaWorld would build their first park without killer whales and outside of the United States in Abu Dhabi , UAE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281ad9273c5fdedf6b01919646686394", "text": "Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee . Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 . When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc1cb6c4e4e19864eadc2fe395b57bf8", "text": "The Lost World (Crichton novel) The Lost World is a techno thriller novel written by Michael Crichton and published in 1995 by Knopf . A paperback edition ( ISBN 0-345-40288-X ) followed in 1996 . It is a sequel to his earlier novel Jurassic Park . In 1997 , both novels were re-published as a single book titled Michael Crichton 's Jurassic World , unrelated to the 2015 film of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf777bb37ee96a0c3f614f975235b99", "text": "Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles . Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action . Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .", "title": "" } ]	fever
488653802e795e54d625453df67cde3e	Harmanpreet Kaur played in 2 Tests.	[ { "docid": "2fb82befb5334a44fb7661a974890d2c", "text": "Harmanpreet Kaur Harmanpreet Kaur ( ਹਰਮਨਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਕੌਰ born 8 March 1989 , Moga , Punjab ) is an Indian cricketer who has played in 2 Tests , 49 women 's one-day internationals and 53 Twenty20 internationals for India . Indian women 's cricket team .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1ad04ea2100fb2005e544da630d40f49", "text": "Tamil Nadu cricket team The Tamil Nadu cricket team is a domestic cricket team run by Tamil Nadu Cricket Association representing the state of Tamil Nadu , India . The team plays in Ranji Trophy , the top tier of the domestic first-class cricket tournament in India . Before renaming of Madras state to Tamil Nadu , the team was known as Madras until the 1970-71 season . They have won the Ranji Trophy twice and have finished runners-up nine times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcde48c1cef20e81076b70d7fc08ff41", "text": "Arundhati Kirkire Arundhati Kirkire ( अरुन्दाठी किरकिरे b. 20 August 1981 in Indore , Madhya Pradesh ) is a Test and One Day International cricketer who represents India . She is a right-hand batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace and is also a wicket-keeper . She has played one Test and 30 ODIs for India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33385954c4ef56560c39e713db9ebc49", "text": "1999–2000 Sri Lankan cricket season The 1999 -- 2000 Sri Lankan cricket season featured a Test series between Sri Lanka and India . Sri Lanka then played a further series against Pakistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46973078d244d0b2cbdf57b05e6177d2", "text": "History of Test cricket from 1884 to 1889 The history of Test cricket between 1884 and 1889 was one of English dominance over the Australians . England won every Test series that was played . The period also saw the first use of the word `` Test '' to describe a form of cricket when the Press used it in 1885 . It has remained in common usage ever since . In 1883 England had won the first Ashes series by beating Australia 2 -- 1 away , though they had lost a fourth extra Test played at the end of their Australian tour . However , this last Test proved to be a blip as English dominance remained for the rest of the 1880s . Of the 19 England-Australia Tests played in the period from 1884 to 1889 , England won 14 , Australia 3 , with 2 draws . 1889 saw the first English team to tour South Africa . England won both representative matches easily . These matches , and those on the other early English tours of South Africa , were only recognised as Tests retrospectively , the first official tour not taking place till 1905-6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "beefa05c5ed1d6d81c239017c6498340", "text": "Indian cricket team in Australia in 1947–48 The India national cricket team toured Australia in the 1947 -- 48 season to play a five-match Test series against Australia . Australia won the series 4-0 , with one match drawn . This was India 's inaugural tour of Australia and it was also the first tour by a team representing the newly independent India . Independence had been finalised only two months before the tour began . As evident from the scoreline , the Australian team greatly outclassed the Indians , who had some good individual performances to their credit . However , they did not put up much resistance as a team , with their batting failing to make any impression on the Australians . The only silver lining for India in terms of match results was their two victories in the First Class Matches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95a461f0fefeab4ea6823404ec11bcc0", "text": "Yusuf Pathan Yusuf Pathan ( Urdu : یوسف خان پٹھان ; Hindi : युसुफ पठान ) ( born 17 November 1982 ) is an Indian cricketer . Pathan made his debut in first-class cricket in 2001/02 . He is a powerful and aggressive batsman and a right-arm offbreak bowler . His younger half brother Irfan Pathan is also an Indian cricketer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5d306d2fde8c523422ce7fee05dde22", "text": "Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2007 The Indian cricket team toured Bangladesh for two Test matches and three One Day Internationals in May 2007 . The first match was played on 10 May , the first of three ODIs with India defeating Bangladesh by five wickets -- less than two months after Bangladesh shocked India by defeating them by five wickets in the World Cup , leading to India 's early exit from the competition . India completed the series win with a steady 46-run win , thanks largely in part to Gautam Gambhir 's century . The third match was abandoned due to intermittent rain , resulting in a waterlogged pitch -- brought on largely in part due to Cyclone Akash which had hit south Bangladesh earlier that day . Leading run scorer of the ODI series and Indian wicket-keeper Mahendra Singh Dhoni took home the player of the series award following a return to form with the bat and 3 dismissals behind the stumps.In the second test match Mohammad Ashraful scored the fastest test fifty in just 27 delivery . The Test series ended in a 1 -- 0 win for India ; the first Test was affected by rain , helping Bangladesh secure a draw despite two declarations by India and a 149-run lead on first innings , but in the second Test India only lost three wickets in their three-day innings win .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b89ce60ea64adba4977c54f77cc89347", "text": "Multan Cricket Stadium Multan Cricket Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Multan , Punjab , Pakistan . The stadium is located off Vehari Road , in the suburbs of Multan . It is primarily used for cricket matches . The stadium seats 35,000 and hosted its first test match in 2001 , Pakistan against Bangladesh for the Asian Test Championship . The stadium hosts both forms of international cricket : Test cricket and One Day International . The ground was inaugurated in 2001 as a replacement for the Ibn-e-Qasim Bagh Stadium located in the heart of Multan . Floodlights were recently installed to make day/night cricket matches possible . The first day/night game played at this ground was between arch-rivals India and Pakistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7393ae78258536e834566044fa9a68f8", "text": "Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2006–07 The Indian cricket team toured South Africa for three Tests and five ODIs from 16 November 2006 to 6 January 2007 . South Africa won the Test series 2 -- 1 . After India won the first Test at New Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg , South Africa rallied to win the 2nd Test at Kingsmead in Durban and the third Test at Newlands in Cape Town . South Africa won the ODI series 4 -- 0 , which was India 's first ODI series without a win since 1997 . There was also one Twenty20 International , which India won .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3c7ea3351aa9df09328678a1eb93ac6", "text": "Harbhajan Singh Harbhajan Singh Plaha ( ; born 3 July 1980 in Jalandhar , Punjab , India ) , commonly known as Harbhajan Singh , is an Indian international cricketer and former captain of IPL team Mumbai Indians and Punjab state for the 2012 -- 13 Ranji Trophy season . A specialist spin bowler , he has the second-highest number of Test wickets by an off spinner , behind Sri Lanka 's Muttiah Muralitharan . Harbhajan made his Test and One Day International ( ODI ) debuts in early 1998 . His career was initially affected by investigations into the legality of his bowling action , as well as several disciplinary incidents . However , in 2001 , with leading leg spinner Anil Kumble injured , Harbhajan 's career was resuscitated after Indian captain Sourav Ganguly called for his inclusion in the Border-Gavaskar Trophy team . In that series victory over Australia , Harbhajan established himself as the team 's leading spinner by taking 32 wickets , becoming the first Indian bowler to take a hat trick in Test cricket . He is also an Officer in the Punjab Police and has held the rank of a Superintendent of police ( India ) , reporting to Punjab Police HQ at Barnala . A finger injury in mid-2003 sidelined him for much of the following year , allowing Kumble to regain his position as the first choice spinner in Tests and ODI 's . Harbhajan reclaimed a regular position in the team upon his return in late 2004 , but often found himself watching from the sidelines in Test matches outside the Indian subcontinent with typically only one spinner , Kumble , being used . Throughout 2006 and into early 2007 , Harbhajan 's accumulation of wickets fell and his bowling average increased , and he was increasingly criticised for bowling defensively with less loop . Following India 's first-round elimination from the 2007 Cricket World Cup , Harbhajan was replaced by other spinners in the national squad for both formats . He regained a regular position in the team in late 2007 , but became the subject of more controversy . In early 2008 , he was given a ban by the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) for racially vilifying Andrew Symonds . The ban was revoked upon appeal , but in April , Harbhajan was banned from the 2008 Indian Premier League and suspended from the ODI team by the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI ) for slapping Sreesanth after a match . He appeared in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling 's Indian promotion , Ring Ka King . He was in the World Cup-winning team of 2011 Cricket World Cup . He was conferred the Padma Shri , India 's fourth highest civilian honour , in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f5e30637c8f1d11984b7c69af562f45", "text": "R. P. Singh Rudra Pratap Singh ( born 6 December 1985 ) is a left arm fast-medium bowler who has represented India in Test , One Day International and Twenty20 International cricket . He first came in contention during the under-19 World Cup in Bangladesh in 2004 , when he took eight wickets for a very impressive average of 24.75 . He later performed consistently in the Ranji Trophy for Uttar Pradesh and impressive performances saw him earn a place in the ODI side in 2005 . In 2015 , he has switched from UP to Gujarat in domestic circuit and currently representing Gujarat in Ranji Trophy . In his third one-day match , Singh got his first man of the match award as he played his part as India restricted Sri Lanka to a modest 196 all out . Swinging the ball on a batting wicket , he took 4 important wickets to rattle Sri Lanka . His bowling figures of 8.5 overs , 2 maidens , 35 runs and 4 wickets announced his arrival on the international stage . Singh was selected to make his Test debut in the 2nd Test against Pakistan in Faisalabad , Pakistan in January 2006 . He won the man of the match award on his debut after taking 5 wickets in the match . Singh 's 4 wicket-haul in the fourth match of the one-day series against Pakistan in 2006 , helped India take an unassailable 3 -- 1 lead in the series , and won him the man of the match award . India went on to win the series 4 -- 1 . In his first 11 ODI matches , he was awarded the man of the match award 3 times . Singh was favoured to Sreesanth for the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy due to his superior economy rate . However , he was unable to maintain his level of performance , and was dropped from the side . In 2006 it was announced that Singh would be signing for English side Leicestershire as their second overseas signing . He was however unexpectedly recalled to the Indian side following their poor World Cup campaign and only made a handful of appearances . Singh was included in the Test squad for the tour to England and performed well , taking 5/59 at Lord 's his first five-wicket-haul in Tests . In the one-day series he took seven wickets at 31.71 from five matches . Singh was selected to play in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 tournament in South Africa in September 2007 . Singh emerged as the second-highest wicket-taker in the entire competition , taking 12 wickets in 7 matches at an average of 12.66 runs per wicket . India won the 12-nation tournament after beating Pakistan in the final . R.P. Singh 's best figures were 4/13 in 4 overs in India 's final Super-8 stage match in which they eliminated South Africa from the tournament . Singh was then selected for India 's one-day home series against Australia and Pakistan that followed , playing four games in each series and picking up a total of 11 wickets . In August 2011 RP Singh was called up to the India squad for the remainder of the tour of England , he was recalled after a 3-year test absence due to an injury picked up Zaheer Khan which ruled him out of the tour . He plays for the Kochi Tuskers in the Indian Premier League , after signing for them in 2011 from the Deccan Chargers . In his second season of the tournament , Singh was highly successful and he emerged as the highest wicket taker of the tournament , with 23 from 16 matches thereby winning the Purple Cap . Deccan Chargers emerged as winners of the tournament . His performance early in the tournament earned him a spot in the Indian squad for the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 . He is also the leading all time wicket taker in Indian Premier League with 52 wickets . He was bought for $ 600,000 by the Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League Players Auction , 2012 . In the year 2013 in the IPL he was bought by Royal Challengers Bangalore in the players auction 2013 for $ 400,000 . In the 2014 IPL Auctions , he was unsold and had a base price of Rs 1 crore . After the England Series in 2011 , he has never come back to international cricket . He is an alumnus of the Guru Gobind Singh Sports College , Lucknow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8035a66744b05c50acea4f5b93034b1f", "text": "Ranvirsinhji Maharaj Shri Ranvirsinhji ( 7 October 1919 -- 4 April 1962 ) , a member of the Jamnagar royal family , played first-class cricket in India from 1936 to 1952 . He toured Australia with the Indian team in 1947-48 but did not play Test cricket . Ranvirsinhji made his first-class debut in 1936-37 at the age of 17 , and played in the Nawanagar team that won the Ranji Trophy final a few months later , along with his brother Indravijaysinhji and their cousin Yadvendrasinhji . In 1937-38 he made his highest score , 53 , opening the batting for Nawanagar in an innings victory over Sind . He made 31 ( top score ) and 43 and took 6 for 84 when Nawanagar lost by an innings to Bombay in the Ranji Trophy in 1946-47 . But overall , in three matches in 1946-47 he scored only 137 runs at an average of 27.40 , and he was a surprise late inclusion in the Indian team that toured Australia in 1947-48 . In his first match of the tour , against New South Wales , he was injured when a ball from Ray Lindwall struck him on the knee . Later on the tour he had trouble with his eyes , and a specialist in Melbourne had a pair of spectacles made for him . He played only two first-class matches and was the only member of the 17-man team who did not play any of the Tests . After the tour he did not play first-class cricket until 1950-51 , when he returned to play for two unsuccessful seasons with Services . His son Prahlad Singh played five matches for Saurashtra from 1958 to 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db977ae6aa0c0571ae7fb07790066c55", "text": "Cricket in Sri Lanka Cricket is the most popular sport in Sri Lanka . Sri Lanka is one of the ten nations that take part in test cricket and one of the five nations that has won a cricket world cup . Cricket is played at professional , semi-professional and recreational levels in the country and international cricket matches are watched with interest by a large proportion of the population . Sri Lanka ( then called Ceylon ) was occupied by the British in 1796 and became a British colony in 1815 . As in all places that the British arrived in large numbers , cricket soon followed and it is reasonable to assume that the game was first played on the island by 1800 . The earliest definite mention of cricket in Ceylon was a report in the Colombo Journal on 5 September 1832 which called for the formation of a cricket club . The Colombo Cricket Club was formed soon afterwards and matches began in November 1832 . Since then , the sport has grown domestically with major events such as the Premier Trophy ( starting 1938 ) and Premier Limited Overs Tournament ( starting 1988 -- 89 ) . Sri Lanka 's one day international debut came in the 1975 cricket world cup and were later awarded Test cricket status in 1981 , by the International Cricket Council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb903bbb22d0539e51b3ddb882837d1f", "text": "New Zealand cricket team in India in 1999–2000 The New Zealand national cricket team toured India and played three Test matches and five Limited Overs Internationals ( LOI ) between September and November 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e73270fa4bb01357c42c293e873c1ad", "text": "Kalyan Dhall Kalyan Dhall ( born 7 September 1960 ) is an Indian former cricketer . He played four first-class matches for Bengal between 1984 and 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc68655452b130979cadaa8f78d93551", "text": "Khurshid Ahmed (cricketer) Khurshid Ahmed ( born in Amritsar in 1934 ) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played first-class cricket in 1952 and 1953 . A wicketkeeper-batsman , Khurshid Ahmed toured England with Pakistan Eaglets in 1952 . He was selected as the reserve wicketkeeper for Pakistan 's first Test tour , to India in 1952-53 , but played in only four of the 12 first-class matches and none of the Tests . On the tour he scored a century in his first first-class match , against Central Zone . He opened the batting in the second innings , and after the first three wickets had fallen for 18 he added 189 for the fourth wicket with his captain , Abdul Hafeez Kardar , and finished with 101 in 137 minutes . He played one first-class match soon after the tour , then disappeared from the first-class game while still in his teens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d5b8f4ee6e481f704c2211a31693a9", "text": "List of Indian Premier League five-wicket hauls In cricket , a five-wicket haul ( also known as a `` five-for '' or `` fifer '' ) refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings . This is regarded as a notable achievement . The Indian Premier League ( IPL ) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India , which has been held annually since its first season in 2008 . In the nine seasons played , fifteen five-wicket hauls have been taken by different bowlers . Players from nine of the thirteen teams have taken five-wicket hauls ; Pune Warriors India , Kochi Tuskers Kerala , Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Lions are the only franchises for which a player has not taken a five-wicket haul . The first five-wicket haul was taken by Sohail Tanvir of the Rajasthan Royals against the Chennai Super Kings on 4 May 2008 . Tanvir took six wickets for fourteen runs , the best bowling figures in an innings by a player in the competition and the sole six-wicket haul . The most recent five-wicket haul was taken by James Faulkner of the Rajasthan Royals against Sunrisers Hyderabad in Hyderabad on 17 May 2013 . The most economical five-wicket haul was taken by Anil Kumble of the Royal Challengers Bangalore , who claimed five wickets with an economy rate of 1.57 and an bowling average of 1.00 in the 2009 season , and won the `` best breakthrough performance '' award for it . Dimitri Mascarenhas of the Kings XI Punjab took the least economical five-wicket haul , bowling with an economy rate of 6.25 . James Faulkner of the Rajasthan Royals is the only bowler who has taken two five-wicket hauls in the IPL , both being against the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the 2013 season . Three five-wickets hauls have been taken by players of the Mumbai Indians and the Rajasthan Royals , respectively , which is more than any other team . Kings XI Punjab and Sunrisers Hyderabad have had the highest number of five-wicket hauls against them , with three each . Three five-wicket hauls have been taken at the Feroz Shah Kotla Ground . Fifty-five four-wicket hauls have been taken in the competition , 13 of which were taken in fewer than four overs . Andrew Tye of Gujarat Lions is the only bowler to take a hat-trick and a five-wicket haul in an IPL debut match . The list includes all the five-wicket hauls taken in the IPL , and is correct as of the 2016 season . The list does not cover the games played by the IPL teams in other tournaments , such as the Champions League Twenty20 , the British Asian Cup or the 2008 Kolkata Knight Riders tour of Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a01569688b046c4d8be5c86ddbe36cc", "text": "Pawan Kumar (cricketer, born 1969) Pawan Kumar ( born 2 March 1969 ) is an Indian former cricketer . He played twenty-one first-class matches for Tripura between 1991 and 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d3b685b3b3039475d343fb390dc81c1", "text": "History of the Indian cricket team The Indian cricket team made its Test cricket debut in 1932 and has since advanced to be among the top four test teams in the ICC rankings in each of 2005 to 2008 . The team won the Cricket World Cup in 1983 and 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da3bf28add6d49e568078a8a8269257a", "text": "Waqar Ahmed (cricketer, born 1947) Waqar Ahmed ( 19 December 1947 -- 23 February 2016 ) was a cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1964 to 1973 . He toured England in 1967 with the Pakistan team but did not play Test cricket . He made his first-class debut for Punjab University in the 1964-65 season , just before his 17th birthday . In his third match he scored 195 against Lahore Reds . He was selected for Pakistan Under-25 in the third and final match against MCC Under-25 in 1966-67 and scored 32 and 10 . He was one of the younger players selected to tour England in 1967 . He did not play until the fourth match , then scored 47 not out , 50 not out and 29 in his first three innings . He finished the tour with 306 runs in seven matches at an average of 38.25 , which put him third in the team 's first-class averages . In 1967-68 he made 174 for Punjab University against Lahore Greens , going to the wicket with the score at 6 for 2 and scoring well over half the team total of 316 . Next season he made his last century and his highest score , 199 for Lahore against Sargodha , putting on 330 for the fourth wicket with Shafqat Rana . He was Secretary of the Pakistan Cricket Board from 1997 to 1999 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
28a69baebca11f33aace488281f270b1	The Evil Queen has been portrayed live by Olivia Wilde.	[ { "docid": "11a5804c9cafcfb13588bcd3d859ef61", "text": "Evil Queen (Disney) The Evil Queen , also known as the Wicked Queen or just the Queen , and sometimes instead identified by her given name as Queen Grimhilde , is the primary antagonist in Disney 's 1937 animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and a villain character in the extended Disney 's Snow White franchise . She is based on the Evil Queen character from the European fairy tale `` Snow White '' . In the film , similar to the Brothers Grimm story , the Evil Queen is cold , cruel , and extremely vain , and obsessively desires to remain the `` fairest in the land '' . She becomes madly envious over the beauty of her stepdaughter , Princess Snow White , as well as the attentions of the Prince from another land ; such love triangle element is one of Disney 's changes to the story . This leads her to plot the death of Snow White and ultimately on the path to her own demise , which in the film is indirectly caused by the Seven Dwarfs . The film 's version of the Queen character uses her dark magic powers to actually transform herself into an old woman instead of just taking a disguise like in the Grimms ' story ; this appearance of hers is commonly referred to as the Wicked Witch or alternatively as the Old Hag or just the Witch . The Queen dies in the film , but lives on in a variety of noncanonical Disney works . The film 's version of the Queen was created by Walt Disney and Joe Grant , and originally animated by Art Babbit and voiced by Lucille La Verne . Inspiration for her design came from the characters of Queen Hash-a-Motep from She and Princess Kriemhild from Die Nibelungen . The Queen has since been voiced by Eleanor Audley , June Foray , Janet Waldo , Eda Reiss Merin , Louise Chamis and Susanne Blakeslee , and was portrayed live by Anne Francine ( musical ) , Jane Curtin ( 50th anniversary TV special ) , and Olivia Wilde ( Disney Dream Portraits ) , Kathy Najimy ( Descendants ) , and in an alternative version , by Lana Parrilla ( Once Upon a Time ) . This version of the classic fairy tale character has been very well received by film critics and the public , and is considered one of Disney 's most iconic and menacing villains . Besides in the film , the Evil Queen has made numerous appearances in Disney attractions and productions , including not only these directly related to the tale of Snow White , such as Fantasmic ! , The Kingdom Keepers and Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep , sometimes appearing in them alongside Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty . The film 's version of the Queen has also become a popular archetype that influenced a number of artists and non-Disney works .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "640a5e6880eccc62540d732ff8f0e32d", "text": "Twelfth Night (1988 film) Twelfth Night , or , What You Will is a videotaped 1988 television adaptation of Kenneth Branagh 's stage production for the Renaissance Theatre Company of William Shakespeare 's Twelfth Night first broadcast in the UK by ITV on 30 December 1988 . Made by Thames Television , in collaboration with Renaissance , it stars Frances Barber as Viola and Richard Briers as Malvolio . The recording was shot on a single set with the appearance of a wintry garden . The costumes are Victorian , and the time of year is Christmas . Michael Brooke , in his piece for the BFI 's screenonline website , particularly commends Briers performance . His `` Malvolio is a delight , segueing seamlessly from self-righteous pomposity at inappropriate revelry to truly grotesque self-delusion as he proffers love to his mistress while clad in yellow stockings '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e549e84374879a6cd88ae7ac262dc8e", "text": "Olivia (Rossner novel) Olivia ( or , The Weight of the Past ) is the penultimate novel by Judith Rossner , author of the critically acclaimed best sellers Looking for Mr. Goodbar and August . Published in 1994 by Crown , Olivia examines `` a mother-daughter conflict set in the world of gastronomy . '' ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9787f3034e51571295982d68f7acdb1a", "text": "Michael Moore Live Michael Moore Live , a 1999 television show featuring political advocate Michael Moore , ran for one six-part series . It was shown on Channel 4 and aired in the United Kingdom only , though it was broadcast from New York . The show had a similar format to The Awful Truth but also incorporated phone-ins and a live stunt each week . It was filmed around 7pm local time , which due to the time difference made it a late-night show in the UK . ( EST is -5 hrs from BST ) The live phone-ins all featured UK viewers , and questions were mainly about American policy at the time , e.g. gun control and the war in Kosovo . Each week , Moore was joined by guests , and one of the regulars was an illegal UK alien in the USA named Nigel ( although his real name was James Horne ) . Throughout the show , he had to wear a rubber Queen Elizabeth II mask to hide his true identity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a131a1431addfb38f24649faa2a960f", "text": "Lou Beale Louise Ada `` Lou '' Beale ( also Medeemey in some spin-off media ) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders , played by Anna Wing . She made her first on-screen appearance on 19 February 1985 and departed on 26 July 1988 , when the character was killed off . The character is played by Karen Meagher in the 1988 EastEnders special , CivvyStreet , set during the Second World War . She appeared in 232 episodes . Lou Beale was the first EastEnders character to be created by series co-creator Tony Holland , taking the inspiration for some of the series ' earliest characters from his own London family and background . Lou is the archetypal East End matriarch throughout EastEnders ' first three years . An intimidating force within the local community , she is the dowager of Albert Square 's central family , the Beales and Fowlers . Never afraid to speak her mind , and woe betide anyone who manages to get on her wrong side , Lou has the respect of her friends and family , even if they do find her a bit of a nuisance at times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2d069bc2dfa33017768553d59b2e32e", "text": "Crazy Tour Crazy Tour was a short tour by the British rock band Queen during November and December 1979 . After the release of the single `` Crazy Little Thing Called Love '' , the band decided to change the concert dynamic they used to do the last years . In this tour Queen would revisit smaller venues , many which held fewer than two thousand seats . Nonetheless , it was the highly awaited UK leg of the successful Jazz Tour . The last concert of this tour at the Hammersmith Odeon was also the first concert of the Concerts for the People of Kampuchea . A bootleg recording of this concert exists as the 2-CD set Crazy Tour of London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "505cd2dc84d14e0497fad454ce7491fd", "text": "Rosalind March Rosalind March is a British TV , film and stage actress . Born in Ebbw Vale , Gwent , March 's career began in 1979 when she played Madge in several episodes of the series The Dick Francis Thriller : The Racing Game . Throughout the '80s she mainly did comedy . She appeared in episodes of Victoria Wood As Seen On TV ( 1985 -- 1986 ) , was regular Amanda in Life Without George with Simon Cadell , Michael Thomas and Carol Royle , also appeared in The Upper Hand , Nelson 's Column . During the 1990s March played a host of leading roles in numerous television dramas , Close Relations , Goodbye Cruel World , Peak Practice , Seekers , The Bill , Inspector Morse , Oliver Twist and Wilderness . She also was a regular leading soap character , Liz Kemp , in the series London Bridge for Carlton , spanning nearly two years . From 2000 onwards March featured in many more British television series and TV films like Top Buzzer , Men Only , Swallow , Poirot , The Second Coming , Holby City , Doctors , Nicholas Nickleby , Heartbeat , Rosemary and Thyme , Class of ' 76 , Ahead of the Class , Zip and Hollow , New Tricks and Eternal Law . She has also starred in several major films : East Is East in 1999 , Calendar Girls , 2003 and Flawless with Demi Moore and Michael Caine 2007 . Stage work includes , Dear Daddy the Ambassadors Theatre , Olivier award for best play , Ooh La La , Hull Truck at the Bush , Mill Fire at the Bush , View From the Bridge , York Theatre Royal , tours of Rebecca and The Real Thing , Suspension , at the Bristol Old Vic . In 2015 March appeared as Liz Grey in the ITV series Midsomer Murders episode 17.3 `` The Ballad of Midsomer County ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ea800f3c949d35af6905e6dd9a417ec", "text": "Anna Stolli Anna Stolli is a London-based West End actress and singer best known for her work in live musical theatre . She is currently playing Belladonna , The Wicked Queen in Snow White at Buxton Opera House", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a028d29c676aa945e0e3ecd4aa13bbbd", "text": "Queen Latifah Dana Elaine Owens ( born March 18 , 1970 ) , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Her second album , Nature of a Sista ( 1991 ) , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records . Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Her third album Black Reign ( 1993 ) , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off ( 1996 ) and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago ( 2002 ) , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House ( 2003 ) , Taxi ( 2004 ) , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business ( 2005 ) , Beauty Shop ( 2005 ) , Last Holiday ( 2006 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) and Joyful Noise ( 2012 ) . In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie ( 2015 ) , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie . She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists . Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c36a0864700dddc08b8755b537e4c55", "text": "Theatre of Cruelty (Discworld) `` Theatre of Cruelty '' is a short Discworld story by Terry Pratchett written in 1993 . The name derives from a concept of Antonin Artaud ( Theatre of Cruelty ) . It was originally written for W. H. Smith Bookcase magazine and was then slightly modified and extended , being published again in the programme of the OryCon 15 convention , and then again in The Wizards of Odd , a compilation of fantasy short stories . It has since been made available on the Internet along with dozens of translations by fans , with Pratchett having stated , `` I do n't want to see it distributed in print anywhere but do n't mind people downloading it for their own enjoyment . '' The story involves both the Ankh-Morpork City Watch and a parallel of Punch and Judy . A murder has been committed : a street entertainer , found apparently battered to death with a very small blunt object , on him bite marks from a very small crocodile . Investigating the incident in his typically direct manner , Carrot Ironfoundersson discovers the death was an accident , the man having choked on a swazzle . It emerges that the entertainer had invented a parallel , live-action version of Punch and Judy , using -- and abusing -- a troupe of gnomes as the live cast . Carrot asserts that such brutal theatre could never find favour in Ankh-Morpork : `` That 's not the way to do it '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628f7327df7a2f7524793ca5c221d751", "text": "Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench ( born 9 December 1934 ) , known as Judi Dench , is an English actress and author . Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company . Over the following few years , she performed in several of Shakespeare 's plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth . Although most of her work during this period was in theatre , she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer . She drew strong reviews for her leading role in the musical Cabaret in 1968 . Over the next two decades , Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers , working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company . She achieved success in television during this period , in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 , and in 1992 with a starring role in the romantic comedy series As Time Goes By . Her film appearances were infrequent and included supporting roles in major films such as A Room with a View ( 1986 ) supporting Maggie Smith , before she rose to international fame as M in GoldenEye ( 1995 ) , a role she continued to play in James Bond films until Skyfall ( 2012 ) . A seven-time Oscar nominee , Dench won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love and has received nominations for her roles in Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , Chocolat ( 2000 ) , Iris ( 2001 ) , Mrs Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) , Notes on a Scandal ( 2006 ) , and Philomena ( 2013 ) . She has also received many award nominations for her acting in theatre , film and television ; her competitive awards include six British Academy Film Awards , four BAFTA TV Awards , seven Olivier Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globes , and a Tony Award . She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship ( 2001 ) and the Special Olivier Award ( 2004 ) . In June 2011 , she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute ( BFI ) . Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts ( FRSA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ad3e3989f7cfe79497c848e384f212", "text": "Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch The Queen 's Theatre is a 500-seat producing theatre located in Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering , east London . The theatre opened in its current purpose-built site on Billet Lane , Hornchurch in 1975 . From 1953 to 1975 the theatre had occupied a converted , and for some time derelict , cinema on Station Lane ( the site of the present Ripon House development ) that had been used for storage during the Second World War . The theatre originally opened in the coronation year of Queen Elizabeth II and its name reflects this . The opening production was See How They Run . The building deteriorated and the London Borough of Havering built the new theatre . It was opened by Sir Peter Hall in April 1975 , with a production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat . Home to the original productions of the award-winning Return to the Forbidden Planet and Blood Brothers , performers such as Maggie Smith , Martin Shaw , Joan Plowright , Prunella Scales , Nigel Hawthorn , Carol Sloman , Lucy Benjamin , Gemma Salter , Bernard Cribbins , Conn O'Neill and theatre-makers and artists David Eldridge , Chris Bond , Bob Carlton , Bob Eaton , Glen Walford , Nichola McAuliffe , Tim Firth , Dan Murphy and Richard O'Brien the Queen 's Theatre , over its 60 plus year history , has built a track record in creating the best in live entertainment . The theatre 's current artistic director is Douglas Rintoul who was appointed in 2015 . The theatre 's previous artistic directors include Bob Carlton , Marina Calderone and Bob Tomson . The Queen 's Theatre produces over eights shows a year and has a vibrant learning and participatory programme engaging over 11,000 participants annually , enabling people to express themselves and their stories through the arts . The Queen 's Theatre works with educational institutions , amateur theatre groups , professional arts groups and wellbeing organizations , but is also widely connected to the larger theatre landscape in the UK and abroad . Current partnerships include co-productions with the New Wolsey Theatre Ipswich , Salisbury Playhouse , Watford Palace Theatre , Rifco , Sell a Door and The Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg . Behind the scenes there is a carpentry workshop , scenic artists and a wardrobe department creating sets and costumes on-site . The theatre was honoured with a visit from HM The Queen in 2003 , the theatre 's fiftieth anniversary , and in 2013 the theatre celebrated its Diamond Jubilee . The Queen 's Theatre is a registered charity and receives regular funding from the London Borough of Havering and is an Arts Council of England National Portfolio Organisation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5aa193f932d5f8decd0d9af76a914288", "text": "Claire King Claire King ( born Jayne Claire Seed on 10 January 1963 ) is an English actress . She is best known for playing the role of Kim Tate in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale and Karen Betts in Bad Girls . She has appeared in the fourth series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2006 , Safari School in 2007 , and Celebrity Big Brother 14 in 2014 . She currently plays Erica Holroyd in Coronation Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a395f0f7344856c3489f7f324c86ba20", "text": "Pope Joan (1972 film) Pope Joan is a 1972 American mediaeval costume drama film based on the story of Pope Joan . Even though modern consensus generally disputes Pope Joan as legendary , in the film she is treated as fact . It was directed by Michael Anderson and has a cast which includes Liv Ullmann ( in the lead role ) , Olivia de Havilland , Lesley-Anne Down , Franco Nero and Maximilian Schell . The soundtrack was composed by Maurice Jarre with additional choral music provided by The Sistine Chapel Choir , directed by Domenico Bartolucci . The film was released on DVD in 2003 on Region 1 format disc . It was also re-titled in some areas as The Devil 's Imposter , with much material cut . The version of the film released in 1972 differed significantly from the version that had originally been filmed . Anderson 's original was made with flashbacks and flash-forward sequences about a modern-day evangelical preacher who believes her life parallels that of Pope Joan . In this version psychiatrists try to send her back through her past lives to establish if she is the reincarnation of Pope Joan . However , the distributor decided to have all of the contemporary sequences removed and released the film as a straightforward historical drama . In 2009 the film was re-edited and the previously unreleased footage was re-inserted . It was re-released under the title She ... Who Would Be Pope .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640facb4c495f82c7281def1b5db7120", "text": "Alex Haley's Queen Alex Haley 's Queen ( also known as Queen ) is a 1993 American television miniseries that aired in three installments on February 14 , 16 , and 18 on CBS . The miniseries is an adaptation of the novel Queen : The Story of an American Family , by Alex Haley and David Stevens . The novel is based on the life of Queen Jackson Haley , Haley 's paternal grandmother . Alex Haley died in February 1992 before completing the novel . It was later finished by David Stevens and published in 1993 . Stevens also wrote the screenplay for the miniseries . Alex Haley 's Queen was directed by John Erman , and stars Halle Berry in the title role . It tells the life story of a young woman and it shows the problems which biracial slaves and former slaves faced in the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries . Throughout her life , Queen struggles to fit into the two cultures of her heritage , and at times each side shuns her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8545efb6ae32155d2cc4fae8c80455ef", "text": "Dramatic soprano A dramatic soprano is a type of operatic soprano with a powerful , rich , emotive voice that can sing over , or cut through , a full orchestra . Thicker vocal folds in dramatic voices usually ( but not always ) mean less agility than lighter voices but a sustained , fuller sound . Usually this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos , and a darker timbre . They are often used for heroic , often long-suffering , tragic women of opera . Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately low A ( A3 ) to `` high C '' ( C6 ) . Some dramatic sopranos , known as Wagnerian sopranos , have an exceptionally big voice that can assert itself over a large orchestra ( of more than 80 or even 100 pieces ) . These voices are substantial , often denser in tone , extremely powerful and , ideally , evenly balanced throughout the vocal registers . Wagnerian sopranos usually play mythic heroines . Successful Wagnerian sopranos are rare and often Wagnerian roles are performed by Italianate dramatic sopranos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f473c702189bf20dee62a2fb64e90490", "text": "Black light theatre Black Light Theatre ( in Czech černé divadlo ) or simply Black Theatre , is a theatrical performance style characterized by the use of black box theatre augmented by black light illusion . This form of theatre originated from Asia and can be found in many places around the world . It has become a speciality of Prague , where many theatres use it . The distinctive characteristics of `` black theatre '' are the use of black curtains , a darkened stage , and `` black lighting '' ( UV light ) , paired with fluorescent costumes in order to create intricate visual illusions . This `` black cabinet '' technique was used by Georges Méliès , and by theatre revolutionary Konstantin Stanislavski ( especially in his production of Cain ) . The technique , paired with the expressive artistry of dance , mime and acrobatics of the performers is able to create remarkable spectacles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba589dd1b8dd949cb66be54fc28ae750", "text": "Oscar's Orchestra Oscar 's Orchestra is a British children 's animated TV series that ran from 1994 to 1996 comprising a total of three seasons and 39 episodes . The series was produced by the popular British animation studio Collingwood O'Hare Entertainment ( who is also famous for producing other such animated TV series and films as Dennis the Menace , Captain Zed and the Zee Zone , The Secret Show and Rarg ) in association with Warner Music Vision and Europe Images and was originally shown on the BBC as part of their children 's block CBBC . It also aired on the British children 's cable networks The Children 's Channel ( TCC ) and Nickleodeon and has broadcast in over more than 100 different countries worldwide such as ARD in Germany , France 2 in France and ABC in Australia . It is set in the distant future , in the year 2743 ( 735,022,381,604 Tuesdays from the show ( The 2743 was calculated with year 735 , month 22 , week 381 and day 604 , as well as from the year the show was released , 1994 ) ) in a city called New Vienna , and was about a talking piano called Oscar , who rebels against the evil dictator of the world , Thaddius Vent , who has banned music . Oscar and his fellow musical instruments plot against Vent and his henchmen , Lucius and Tank , and his soothsayer , Goodtooth , spouting his catchphrase ` You screamed , master ! ' . The voice of Oscar was provided by Dudley Moore . Other members of the orchestra included Monty the violin , Trevor the tuba , Syliva the flute and Eric the triangle . Based on an idea by Jan Younghusband , Oscar 's Orchestra was designed to inspire children with the delights of classical music and incorporates famous orchestrated works from the great composers in each episode such as George Frideric Handel , Johann Sebastian Bach , Ludwig Van Beethoven , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Frédéric Chopin . The episode titles will always continue the theme . For example ` Oscar Cracks A Nut ' and ` Bach To The Future ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "138f9bc8bbe8ee014b5918ea356f9e70", "text": "Lana Parrilla Lana Maria Parrilla ( born July 15 , 1977 ) is an American actress . Parrilla is best known for her roles on television and radio . She was a regular cast member in the fifth season of the ABC sitcom Spin City from 2000 to 2001 . She later starred in Boomtown ( 2002-2003 ) , Windfall ( 2006 ) , Swingtown ( 2008 ) and as Doctor Eva Zambrano in the short-lived medical drama Miami Medical ( 2010 ) . She also played the role of Sarah Gavin during the fourth season of the Fox series 24 in 2005 . In 2011 , Parrilla began starring as The Evil Queen/Regina Mills in the ABC fantasy drama series , Once Upon a Time . In 2016 Parrilla won a Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actress : Fantasy/Sci-Fic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb6304a904a65566a1387915f4e64cba", "text": "Louise Barnes Louise Barnes ( born 26 April 1974 ) is a South African actress . Barnes gained recognition in South Africa for various roles in locally produced films and television series ' . She is best known for her role in the 2009 South African/UK horror film , Surviving Evil , in which she starred alongside Billy Zane , Christina Cole and Natalie Mendoza . She also played Miranda Barlow in the 2014 , Michael Bay and Jonathan E. Steinberg produced American television series Black Sails .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ce3c70dc8bf41981f1af83cd2d574353	The Hangover Part III includes actors.	[ { "docid": "1bdf149db5915e4fb6aaa13e96b7d7b6", "text": "The Hangover Part III The Hangover Part III is a 2013 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the third and final installment in The Hangover trilogy . The film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Justin Bartha , and Ken Jeong . The supporting cast includes Jeffrey Tambor , Heather Graham , Mike Epps , Melissa McCarthy and John Goodman with Todd Phillips directing a screenplay written by himself and Craig Mazin . The film follows the `` Wolfpack '' ( Phil , Stu , Doug , and Alan ) as they try to get Alan the help he needs after facing a personal crisis . However , things go awry when an incident from the original film comes back to haunt them . The Hangover Part III was announced days before the release of The Hangover Part II and Mazin , who co-wrote Part II , was brought on board . In January 2012 , the principal actors re-signed to star . In March 2012 , Warner Bros. announced a U.S. Memorial Weekend release . The supporting roles were cast between June and September 2012 . Principal photography began in September 2012 in Los Angeles , California before moving to Nogales , Arizona and Las Vegas , Nevada . The film was released on May 23 , 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "de26d5d806b1459072b31e88e5f3d13c", "text": "Ken Marino Kenneth Joseph `` Ken '' Marino ( born December 19 , 1968 ) is an American actor , comedian , director , and screenwriter . He was a cast member on MTV 's The State and has starred in shows such as Party Down , Marry Me , Burning Love , and Childrens Hospital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8f3dd579236615f15cb5715efba2aed", "text": "Billy Dee Williams William December `` Billy Dee '' Williams Jr. ( born April 6 , 1937 ) is an American actor , artist , singer , and writer . He is best known for his role as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars film franchise , as well as acting in the movies Brian 's Song , Nighthawks , The Last Angry Man , Carter 's Army , and for playing Harvey Dent in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc25a3ef841e1cf8c02b8475956345de", "text": "James R. Black James Richard Black ( born April 3 , 1962 ) is an American actor and former professional football player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc01bf077369df0492daebe840683354", "text": "Patrick Cavanaugh Patrick Cavanaugh is an American television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87461f1c496a6181f2361be6bc231069", "text": "Mike O'Brien (actor) Michael Patrick O'Brien ( born June 22 , 1976 ) , is an American actor , writer , and comedian , best known for his work as a writer and short filmmaker on Saturday Night Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90f27afba8397fe1f035ddb9ea46d394", "text": "The Hangover Part II The Hangover Part II is a 2011 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2009 film The Hangover and the second installment in The Hangover trilogy . Directed by Todd Phillips , who co-wrote the script with Craig Mazin and Scot Armstrong , the film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Ken Jeong , Jeffrey Tambor , Justin Bartha , and Paul Giamatti . It tells the story of Phil , Stu , Alan , and Doug as they travel to Thailand for Stu 's wedding . After the bachelor party in Las Vegas , Stu takes no chances and opts for a safe , subdued pre-wedding brunch . Things do not go as planned , resulting in another bad hangover with no memories of the previous night . Development began in April 2009 , two months before The Hangover was released . The principal actors were cast in March 2010 to reprise their roles from the first film . Production began in October 2010 , in Ontario , California , before moving on location in Thailand . The film was released on May 26 , 2011 and became the highest-grossing R-rated comedy during its theatrical run . A third and final installment , The Hangover Part III , was released on May 23 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "836c1dc39aa2d1307788fe99afaa564b", "text": "Michael Wiseman Michael Wiseman ( born April 12 , 1967 ) is an American television and film actor . He is best known for his portrayal of Johnny Rizzo in the 2012 CBS series Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed2f9085d7bf7d35e729b12f2b57d372", "text": "Derek Waters Derek Matthew Waters ( born July 30 , 1979 ) is an American actor , comedian , and writer . He is the co-creator and host of the Comedy Central series Drunk History .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "367ce513bba746db35e1c52f3f3efd18", "text": "Oscar Torre Oscar Torre is an actor , film director and Producer . He is known for the role of Santo in the CBS TV series Cane ( TV series ) , as one of the leads ( Miguelito ) in the LIONSGATE film To Rob a Thief ( Spanish : Ladrón que Roba a Ladrón ) and The Hangover Part III , and in 2014 directed Pretty Rosebud , which starred his wife Chuti Tiu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cde16ebe9943bc2be0e284e4160e740", "text": "Rip Taylor Charles Elmer `` Rip '' Taylor , Jr. ( born January 13 , 1935 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is known for his exuberance and flamboyant personality , including his wild moustache and his habit of showering himself ( and others ) with confetti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ebbf272ebbfb3673620d0b7867af760", "text": "Kevin Carroll (actor) Kevin Carroll is an American actor , best known for his role as John Murphy in the HBO television series The Leftovers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "447575e210ac5cf2f2d523c99f784afc", "text": "John Driscoll (actor) John Edmund Driscoll ( born June 27 , 1981 in Fort Belvoir , Virginia ) is an American television and soap opera actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4651c21c82ce5537c936c66da646ae46", "text": "Michael T. Weiss Michael Terry Weiss ( born February 2 , 1962 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "442fae28f3ccf1c67f75c7107b3e160d", "text": "Kelvin Harrison Jr. Kelvin Harrison Jr. ( born July 23 , 1994 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c36283f72d79704adbc8ad864fbdd52b", "text": "William O'Connell (actor) William O'Connell ( born William L. O'Connell Jr. on August 20 , 1933 ) is an American film and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bc1784cfe103381fbbcf8bbb694e699", "text": "Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d43bbbe67d1f2153779bd4361ac0aa0d", "text": "Michael Landon Jr. Michael Graham Landon Jr. ( born June 20 , 1964 ) is an American actor , director , writer , and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "739c7204092089d361924d77b9a0f00b", "text": "Jesse Garcia Jesse Garcia ( born c. 1982 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8b5714ca94bbd734f361229e2efe7c4a	Odin is not accompanied by animal companions.	[ { "docid": "6c2d9ab0a9388565a04291ffa4f564d4", "text": "Odin In Germanic mythology , Odin ( from Old Norse Óðinn ) is a widely revered god . In Norse mythology , from which stems most of the information about the god , Odin is associated with healing , death , royalty , the gallows , knowledge , battle , sorcery , poetry , frenzy , and the runic alphabet , and is the husband of the goddess Frigg . In wider Germanic mythology and paganism , Odin was known in Old English as Wōden , in Old Saxon as Wōdan , and in Old High German as Wuotan or Wōtan , all stemming from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic theonym wōđanaz . Odin is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples , from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania through the tribal expansions of the Migration Period and the Viking Age . In the modern period , Odin continued to be acknowledged in the rural folklore of Germanic Europe . References to Odin appear in place names throughout regions historically inhabited by the ancient Germanic peoples , and the day of the week Wednesday bears his name in many Germanic languages , including English . In Anglo-Saxon England , Odin held a particular place as a euhemerized ancestral figure among royalty , and he is frequently referred to as a founding figure among various other Germanic peoples , including the Langobards . Forms of his name appear frequently throughout the Germanic record , though narratives regarding Odin are mainly found in Old Norse works recorded in Iceland , primarily around the 13th century . These texts make up the bulk of modern understanding of Norse mythology . In Old Norse texts , Odin is depicted as one-eyed and long-bearded , frequently wielding a spear named Gungnir , and wearing a cloak and a broad hat . He is often accompanied by his animal companions -- the wolves Geri and Freki and the ravens Huginn and Muninn , who bring him information from all over Midgard -- and rides the flying , eight-legged steed Sleipnir across the sky and into the underworld . Odin is attested as having many sons , most famously the gods Thor ( with Jörð ) and Baldr ( with Frigg ) , and is known by hundreds of names . In these texts , he frequently seeks greater knowledge , at times in disguise ( most famously by obtaining the Mead of Poetry ) , makes wagers with his wife Frigg over the outcome of exploits , and takes part in both the creation of the world by way of slaying the primordial being Ymir and the gift of life to the first two humans Ask and Embla . Odin has a particular association with Yule , and mankind 's knowledge of both the runes and poetry is also attributed to him . In Old Norse texts , Odin is given primacy over female beings associated with the battlefield -- the valkyries -- and oversees Valhalla , where he receives half of those who die in battle , the einherjar . The other half are chosen by the goddess Freyja for her afterlife location , Fólkvangr . Odin consults the disembodied , herb-embalmed head of the wise being Mímir for advice , and during the foretold events of Ragnarök , Odin is told to lead the einherjar into battle before being consumed by the monstrous wolf Fenrir . In later folklore , Odin appears as a leader of the Wild Hunt , a ghostly procession of the dead through the winter sky . He has also been associated with charms and other forms of magic , particularly in Old English and Old Norse texts . Odin has been a frequent subject of study in Germanic studies , and numerous theories have been put forward regarding his development . Some of these focus on Odin 's particular relation to other figures ; for example , the fact that Freyja 's husband Óðr appears to be something of an etymological doublet of the god , whereas Odin 's wife Frigg is in many ways similar to Freyja , and that Odin has a particular relation to the figure of Loki . Other approaches focus on Odin 's place in the historical record , a frequent question being whether the figure of Odin derives from Proto-Indo-European religion , or whether he developed later in Germanic society . In the modern period , Odin has inspired numerous works of poetry , music , and other forms of media . He is venerated in most forms of the new religious movement Heathenry , together with other gods venerated by the ancient Germanic peoples ; some branches focus particularly on him .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8b08374e0eccab6f14688c80571babc8", "text": "Iðunn In Norse mythology , Iðunn is a goddess associated with apples and youth . Iðunn is attested in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources , and the Prose Edda , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson . In both sources , she is described as the wife of the skaldic god Bragi , and in the Prose Edda , also as a keeper of apples and granter of eternal youthfulness . The Prose Edda relates that Loki was once forced by the jötunn Þjazi to lure Iðunn out of Asgard and into a wood , promising her interesting apples . Þjazi , in the form of an eagle , snatches Iðunn from the wood and takes her to his home . Iðunn 's absence causes the gods to grow old and grey , and they realize that Loki is responsible for her disappearance . Loki promises to return her and , in the form of a falcon , finds her alone at Þjazi 's home . He turns her into a nut and takes her back to Asgard . After Þjazi finds that Iðunn is gone , he turns into an eagle and furiously chases after Loki . The gods build a pyre in Asgard and , after a sudden stop by Loki , Þjazi 's feathers catch fire , he falls , and the gods kill him . A number of theories surround Iðunn , including potential links to fertility , and her potential origin in Proto-Indo-European religion . Long the subject of artworks , Iðunn is sometimes referenced in modern popular culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2931ee13479c3de9d179ccef8e37689", "text": "Odin from Lejre Odin from Lejre is a small cast silver figurine from approximately 900 C.E. , depicting an individual on a throne wearing a floor-length dress , an apron , four bead necklaces , a neck ring , a cloak and a rim-less hat . Two birds are seated on the armrests and the back of the throne features the heads of two animals . The figurine has inlay of black niello ( black coloured alloy ) and some gilding . The figure measures 18 mm in height and weights 9 grams . The figurine was found by local amateur archaeologist Tommy Olesen on September 2 , 2009 , during the Roskilde Museum excavations of a small village at Gammel Lejre ( `` Old Lejre '' ) near the modern town of Lejre , Denmark . The figurine was unveiled at the Roskilde Museum on November 13 , 2009 , and is now part of the permanent exhibition . The identity of the figure depicted has been the subject of some dispute . The excavator interpreted it as the god Odin sitting on his throne Hliðskjálf , from which he sees into all the worlds . The birds would be the ravens Huginn and Muninn , who gathered information for Odin . The beast-heads might symbolise Odin 's two wolves , Geri and Freki . However , some scholars specialising in Viking Age dress and gender representation have pointed out that the person is dressed entirely in female attire , resulting in theories that the figure may in fact represent either the goddesses Frigg or Freyja . Parallels have been pointed to between `` Odin from Lejre '' and a silver figure often identified as Freyja found in Aska , Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacb03e368eb3d4d1bb1be53cf396e1e", "text": "Svipul In Norse mythology , Svipul ( Old Norse `` changeable '' ) is a valkyrie . Svipul is attested among valkyrie list in the poem Darraðarljóð and the longer of the two Nafnaþulur valkyrie lists in the Poetic Edda book Skáldskaparmál . In addition , the name Svipul appears as a synonym for `` battle '' in Skáldskaparmál . Rudolf Simek theorizes that the name Svipul presumably refers to the changeable nature of fate , whose directors the valkyries are represented as being , especially in Darraðarljóð .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6a356edd3a78ff73dbe49326e650528", "text": "Odin Brotherhood The Odin Brotherhood is the name of an alleged group that practices the modern Pagan religion of Heathenry . The group first came to attention when Mark Mirabello published a book discussing the group and its beliefs , The Odin Brotherhood , in 1992 . Many in the Heathen community have expressed scepticism as to its existence . According to Mirabello 's account , the Brotherhood alleges to be the direct survival of an ancient pre-Christian belief system . Mirabello 's book has been mentioned in several publications on religions or secret societies , and the Odin Brotherhood is listed in the eighth edition of J. Gordon Melton 's Encyclopedia of American Religions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e8419afaf2cabdd7802b0d3f89018bc", "text": "Fimafeng Fimafeng is a servant of Ægir in Norse mythology . His name means `` quick service '' or `` handy service . '' In the Lokasenna , Fimafeng and Eldir did a good job of welcoming guests to a feast for the Æsir being hosted by Ægir . Loki was jealous of the praise being heaped upon them and killed Fimafeng . This caused the Norse gods to expel Loki from the party . Loki returns to the party and offers an elaborate series of insults ( flyting ) of the gods . Category : Servants in Norse mythology", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfe43ec8bd558d13582d1ab5dc9c0c22", "text": "Háttatal The Háttatal ( -LSB- ˈhauʰtaˌtʰaːl -RSB- , conversation of meters ; c. 20,000 words ) is the last section of the Prose Edda composed by the Icelandic poet , politician , and historian Snorri Sturluson . Using , for the most part , his own compositions , it exemplifies the types of verse forms used in Old Norse poetry . Snorri took a prescriptive as well as descriptive approach ; he has systematized the material , and often notes that `` the older poets did not always '' follow his rules . Most of the forms depend on number of syllables per line , as well as assonance , consonance , and alliteration . Although end rhyme is represented , it does not function in the ways most modern English speakers expect ( forms include AAAAAAAA , and AAAABBBB ) , and plays a very minor role . Understanding this work will be much easier if the First Grammatical Treatise is also available to hand . Many scholars have suggested that the form of Háttatal suggests a classical influence deriving from the traditions of Christian learning to which Snorri was doubtlessly exposed . Others have argued that this is a result of using a logical approach , within the framework of a dialog , and that some aspects of the work prove that it was not directly influenced by classical writings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba0251b465767f0a8e4f2826f56fe789", "text": "Shyena (Hinduism) Shyena ( Sanskrit : श्येन ) is the divine hawk identified with Agni , who ascends to heaven for bringing soma ( nectar ) to earth with the intention of rejuvenating and revitalizing of all things that exist on earth . It also refers to the fire-altar constructed with bricks ( Agni Chayana ) in the shape of a hawk ( symbolizing the essence of Agni ) in the Vedic ritual . The Yajurveda prescribes prayers and mantras meant to be recited during the course of the construction of this fire-altar which represents the creator and the created . In the Puranas , Shyena becomes Garuda , the vehicle of Lord Vishnu , which finds mention also in the Adi Parva of the Mahabharata , and who brought amrita from heaven at the behest of Kadru , the mother of serpents and a co-wife of Rishi Kasyapa . Shyena and Suparna , both , refer to the eagle and the falcon ( hawk ) , two of the swiftest birds ( of prey ) . In the Rig Veda mantra ( I. 164.20 ) - द्वा सुपर्णा सयुजा सखाया समानं वृक्षं परि षस्वजाते -- there is in fact a reference to these two types of suparnas which are identified as the golden oriole , having beautiful wings , and the eagle . In a mantra addressed to the Vedic god Indra , प्र सु ष विभ्यो मरुतो विरस्तु प्र श्येनः श्येनेभ्य आशुपत्वा \| अचक्रया यत्स्वधया सुपर्णो हव्यं भरन्मनवे देवजुष्टम् \| \| '' Before all birds be ranked this bird , O Maruts ; supreme of falcons , be this fleet-winged Shyena , because , strong-pinioned , with no chariot to bear him , he brought to Manu the god-loved oblation ( Soma ) . '' -- ( Rig Veda IV .26.4 ) Rishi Vamadeva refers to Shyena as the suparna which brings soma , the favorite oblation of the gods . In the Rig Veda , this term is also used to denote a horse . Shyena , along with Ketu Agneya and Vatsa , is one of the sons of Agni , who are all rishis . Shyena denotes the Atman , to it belongs the power of realizing the Sole Reality . Shyena is referred to as a malevolent sacrifice ( yajna ) conducted with the intention of causing harm to others . At the commencement of the Kurukshetra War which lasted for eighteen days , the Pandavas , being aware that Bhishma stood protected by the `` makara vyuha '' and was ready for battle , they had adopted the invincible `` sheyna vyuha '' with Bhima leading stationed at the mouth and Arjuna stationed at the neck of the bird-shaped vyuha , and Yudhishthira patrolling the rear .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d72fb63261f565473264834c4d76280e", "text": "Askeladden Askeladden ( Norwegian `` Ash Lad '' ) is the main character in many Norwegian folktales . In some ways , he represents the small man who succeeds where all others fail . He always wins in the end , often winning the princess and half the kingdom . The origin of this character was compared by scholars to the one of the old Norse god Loki as a fire Vættir . In some retellings , Askeladden is renamed Boots .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebc72d874f1a71caa1a825e324e25f38", "text": "Thor In Norse mythology , Thor ( -LSB- θɔr -RSB- from Old Norse Þórr ) is a hammer-wielding god associated with thunder , lightning , storms , oak trees , strength , the protection of mankind , and also hallowing and fertility . The cognate deity in wider Germanic mythology and paganism was known in Old English as Þunor and in Old High German as Donar ( runic þonar ) , stemming from a Common Germanic * Þunraz ( meaning `` thunder '' ) . Ultimately stemming from Proto-Indo-European religion , Thor is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples , from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania , to the tribal expansions of the Migration Period , to his high popularity during the Viking Age , when , in the face of the process of the Christianization of Scandinavia , emblems of his hammer , Mjölnir , were worn and Norse pagan personal names containing the name of the god bear witness to his popularity . Into the modern period , Thor continued to be acknowledged in rural folklore throughout Germanic regions . Thor is frequently referred to in place names , the day of the week Thursday ( `` Thor 's day '' from Old English Thunresdæg , ` Thunor 's day ' ) bears his name , and names stemming from the pagan period containing his own continue to be used today . In Norse mythology , largely recorded in Iceland from traditional material stemming from Scandinavia , numerous tales and information about Thor are provided . In these sources , Thor bears at least fourteen names , is the husband of the golden-haired goddess Sif , is the lover of the jötunn Járnsaxa , and is generally described as fierce eyed , red haired and red bearded . With Sif , Thor fathered the goddess ( and possible valkyrie ) Þrúðr ; with Járnsaxa , he fathered Magni ; with a mother whose name is not recorded , he fathered Móði , and he is the stepfather of the god Ullr . The same sources list Thor as the son of the god Odin and the personified earth , Jörð , and by way of Odin , Thor has numerous brothers . Thor has two servants , Þjálfi and Röskva , rides in a cart or chariot pulled by two goats , Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr ( that he eats and resurrects ) , and is ascribed three dwellings ( Bilskirnir , Þrúðheimr , and Þrúðvangr ) . Thor wields the mountain-crushing hammer , Mjölnir , wears the belt Megingjörð and the iron gloves Járngreipr , and owns the staff Gríðarvölr . Thor 's exploits , including his relentless slaughter of his foes and fierce battles with the monstrous serpent Jörmungandr -- and their foretold mutual deaths during the events of Ragnarök -- are recorded throughout sources for Norse mythology . Thor has inspired numerous works of art and references to Thor appear in modern popular culture . Like other Germanic deities , veneration of Thor is revived in the modern period in Heathenry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4428e2af59fa81451586b13f19c7cb95", "text": "Ninurta In Mesopotamian religion , Ninurta ( -LSB- , lord of barley ) was a god of law , scribes , farming , and hunting . In Lagash he was identified with the city god Ningirsu . In the early days of Assyriology , the name was often transliterated Ninib or Ninip and he was sometimes analyzed as a solar deity . Ninurta often appears holding a bow and arrow , a sickle sword , or a mace ; the mace , named Sharur , is capable of speech and can take the form of a winged lion , possibly representing an archetype for the later Shedu . In Nippur , Ninurta was worshiped as part of a triad of deities including his father , Enlil and his mother , Ninlil . In variant mythology , his mother is said to be the harvest goddess Ninhursag . The consort of Ninurta was Ugallu in Nippur and Bau when he was called Ningirsu . In another legend , Ninurta battles a birdlike monster called Imdugud or Anzû ; a Babylonian version relates how the monster steals the Tablet of Destinies -- believed to contain the details of fate and the future -- from Enlil . Ninurta slays each of the monsters later known as the `` Slain Heroes '' ( the Warrior Dragon , the Palm Tree King , Lord Saman-ana , the Bison-beast , the Mermaid , the Seven-headed Snake , the Six-headed Wild Ram ) , and despoils them of valuable items such as Gypsum , Strong Copper , and the Magilum boat . Eventually , Ninurta kills Anzû and returns the Tablet of Destinies to his father Enlil . There are many parallels with both and the story of Marduk , who slew Tiamat and delivered the Tablets of Destiny from Kingu to his father Enki . A number of scholars have suggested that either the god Ninurta or the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I may have been the inspiration for the Biblical character Nimrod .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31017b531acb88e415badf5767b83cf6", "text": "Gunnlaugr Ormstunga Gunnlaugr Ormstunga ( i.e. `` Serpent-Tongue '' ) was an Icelandic poet . His life is described in Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu , where several of his poems are preserved . Gunnlaugr was born ca. 983 . From an early age he proved himself impetuous , audacious , brave , and tough . He was also a skilled author of mostly derogatory poems , which earned him the cognomen ormstunga , `` serpent 's tongue '' . After a quarrel with his father , Illugi , Gunnlaugr left his home at the age of twelve to stay for some time at Borg with Þorsteinn Egilsson , the son of Egill Skallagrímsson . There , he became acquainted with Þorsteinn 's daughter , Helga the fair , reputedly the most beautiful woman in Iceland . Her hair was so ample that she could hide herself in it . When Gunnlaugr was eighteen , he went abroad . At that time , Helga became his fiancée , on the condition that she would wait no more than three years for Gunnlaugr . He visited the courts of Norway , Ireland , Orkney and Sweden and England . In Sweden , he visited the court of King Óláfr Skötkonung where he met his rival , the Icelandic champion and skald , Hrafn Önundarson . Gunnlaugr 's stay in the service of King Æthelred of England delayed his return to Iceland and Helga . He did not return until four years had passed ( ca. 1005 ) . Since Gunnlaugr had been gone longer than his allotted three years , Helga was forced into an unhappy marriage to Gunnlaugr 's rival , Hrafn Önundarson . Gunnlaugr and Hrafn met at the Althing and Gunnlaugr challenged Hrafn to a duel of honour , a holmgang ( hólmganga ) . The duel ended in a draw and was the last one allowed in Iceland . From that time hólmganga were forbidden by Icelandic law . In order to settle their dispute in blood , the two champions met in Norway in the spring of 1008 . There , Gunnlaugr defeated Hrafn , but was fatally wounded . After a short time he died . He was 25 . Helga later remarried , but never recovered from Gunnlaugr 's death . Her greatest pleasure was to rest her eyes on a sumptuous coat that Gunnlaugr had given her . One evening , she rested her head on her husband 's shoulder , spread the coat in front of her , and watched it for a while . Thereafter , she fell back into her husband 's embrace and was dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa8f00c70c310ad35f4ed0472f779d8d", "text": "Icelandic Elf School The Icelandic Elf School , known as Álfaskólinn in Icelandic , is a school in Iceland that teaches students and visitors about Icelandic folklore . The school teaches about the hidden people and the 13 different kinds of elves that the school believes inhabit the country of Iceland . According to the school 's headmaster , hidden people `` are just the same size and look exactly like human beings , the only difference is that they are invisible to most of us . Elves , on the other hand , are n't entirely human , they 're humanoid , starting at around eight centimetres . '' He also claims there are gay and lesbian elves . The school is located in Reykjavík , the country 's largest city . The school is headed by Magnús Skarphéðinsson . Magnús has a full curriculum , and certificate programs for visitors that can be earned in as little as half a day . However , the school also publishes texts on hidden people , partly for its own use in the classroom . There is also ongoing research on the elves and hidden people of Iceland . He also collects stories about trolls , fairies , dwarves , and gnomes , but says that `` nearly 70 percent of our stories are about hidden people , because they are most seen here . '' These stories have been collected for the purpose of preservation . Magnús organizes five hour long educational excursions for visitors , and finishes the tour with coffee and pancakes at the school . Despite never advertising his school , Magnus typically gets 5-10 people per excursion . Since opening in 1991 , over 9,000 people , most of them foreigners , have attended the school . The Álfaskólinn also provides `` aura readings '' and `` past-life explorations '' . The question of the `` level of belief in elves '' in Iceland is somewhat of a cultural topos , with survey results published in 1975 , 1995 , 1998 , 2006 . Interpretations of the survey results vary . Based on the 2006 figures , Magnús claims that while only 26 % of Icelanders believe in elves ( summing the responses ` certain ' and ` probable ' ) , 80 % `` do take notice '' ( including the replies ` possible ' and ` unlikely ' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bc89ff1103c527c0f67ac51e19ab506", "text": "Ogre An ogre ( feminine ogress ) is a term used in myth and folk tales for a variety of abominable and brutish hominid monsters , informally large , unpleasant , grotesque , predatory , and typically cannibalistic towards normal human beings , infants , and children . Ogres and similar creatures feature in mythology , folklore , and fiction around the world , appearing in many classic works of literature and fairy tales . Ogres vary in size depending on the depiction , ranging from moderately large and heavyset by human standards to inhuman and disproportionate giants . Common features include oversized heads and mouths , animal-like bodily hair , discolored skin , extreme physical strength , a voracious appetite , and a generally hideous appearance , odor , and manner . Ogres overlap heavily with giants in mythology and may be considered a subtype thereof ; they also overlap with human cannibals in fiction . The villainous giant in `` Jack and the Beanstalk '' and `` Jack the Giant Killer '' matches an ogre in description and is sometimes directly termed an ogre in variants , and other man-eating giants such as those in The BFG and the Giant Despair in The Pilgrim 's Progress are highly comparable . Further examples of famous folktales featuring ogres include Puss in Boots abd `` Hop-o ' - My-Thumb '' ; while the most famous ogres in modern fiction are the eponymous main character Shrek and his wife Fiona from the animated comedy film series of the same name . Other characters and monsters sometimes comparable to or described as ogres in trait include the titular husband in `` Bluebeard '' , the Beast from `` Beauty and the Beast '' , `` Beowulf 's '' enemy Grendel , the Cyclops Polyphemus from Homer 's Odyssey , the related cyclops in the tales of `` Sinbad the Sailor '' , and the oni of Japanese folklore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d358b547970c637b48d39217c1f7cf70", "text": "Gandalf (mythology) Gandalf ( Gandálfr ) is a Dvergr ( Norse dwarf ) in Norse mythology , appearing in the so-called ` Tally of the Dwarves ' within the poem Völuspá from the Poetic Edda , as well as in the Prose Edda . The name derives from the Old Norse words gandr ( magic staff ) and álfr ( elf ) , thus a protective spirit who wields a magical wand . The name was also used for a Norse king in the Heimskringla . In his fictional writings , J. R. R. Tolkien eventually named his wizard Gandalf after the Dvergr , but initially used the name for the head of the dwarf party ( ultimately to be called Thorin Oakenshield ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a52c1ea029e2009664f92cc3f18afd3", "text": "Snær In Norse mythology , Snær ( Old Norse Snærr , East Norse Sniō , Latin Nix , Nivis , English `` snow '' ) is seemingly a personification of snow , appearing in extant text as an euhemerized legendary Scandinavian king .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c28408707d30cd99bc4fb70a8a5ba9a", "text": "HMS Odin Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Odin after the god Odin in Norse mythology . A sixth was ordered , but later cancelled : was a 74-gun third rate captured from the Danish at the Battle of Copenhagen in 1807 . She was used for harbour service from 1811 and was sold in 1825 . was a paddle steam frigate launched in 1846 sold in 1865 . was a sloop launched in 1901 and sold in 1920 . Delivered the Somali Sultan Mohamoud Ali Shire to the Seychelles in 1920 , where he was sentenced to exile . was an Odin class submarine launched in 1928 . She was sunk by Italian ships in 1940 . HMS Odin was to have been an Algerine-class minesweeper but she was cancelled in 1944 . was an Oberon-class submarine launched in 1960 and scrapped in 1991 . Category : Royal Navy ship names", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d60c676bb5e3da2ea50d078061fea5e", "text": "Uí Ímair The Uí ( h ) Ímair -LSB- iː ˈiːvˠaɾʲ -RSB- , or Dynasty of Ivar , were a royal Norse dynasty members of which ruled much of the Irish Sea region , the Kingdom of Dublin , the western coast of Scotland , including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England , from the mid 9th century . The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century , but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times , depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants . This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine , because reliable pedigrees do not survive . Additionally , for between three and four decades , the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself , distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde , of which they may also have been overkings , and later briefly the Irish province of Munster , dominated from Waterford , and later still , briefly the English kingdom of Mercia . In the west of Ireland , the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick , from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again . On the female side , two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals ( they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster , respectively ) , while another was Queen of Leinster ( and Osraige ) . In the Norse sources , another was Queen consort of Norway . Finally , another may have been Queen of Brega . The name Uí Ímair in Old Irish means `` grandchildren '' or descendants of Ivar , but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons . The Irish annals describe Ivar as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and of Auisle , and the Annals of Ulster record his obituary under the year 873 , reading : Imhar , rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie , uitam finiuit -LSB- `` Ivar , king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain , ended his life '' -RSB- . Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army , Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless ( fl . 865-860 ) , son of Ragnar Lodbrok . In any event , Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain . Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a `` unitary empire '' ; it was , rather , a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred , with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders . Especially in the early period , a great portion of the dynasty 's wealth , probably the majority , came from the international slave trade , both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it , for which they were infamous in their time . In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract The War of the Irish with the Foreigners , although the account is exaggerated . One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age , the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond . However , unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure , despite their considerable economic and political influence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82c2fa6706360438ca6fd3c2e979e0a0", "text": "Vinotonus Vinotonus is a god from Celtic Mythology of which little is known . Only seven altars dedicated to Vinotonus have been found , all of which are on the Yorkshire Moors . As is common in Celtic Mythology , it is possible that Vinotonus was a local deity of Yorkshire . His name may mean `` God of the Vines '' , and it is estimated that he may have been worshipped from BCE until about 5th century CE . Romans found Vinotonus to be equivalent to Silvanus and that he was a wilderness god . It was common for the Romans to assign local deities of the Celts the names of popular Roman gods . Silvanus is also equated with the Celtic god Callirius , of whom little is known as well , and with the god Nodens . It is possible that many local nature deities of the Celts were grouped under the name of Silvanus to the Romans , as is the case with Vinotonus . David Rankine & Sorita D'Este , The Isles of the Many Gods : An A-Z of the Pagan Gods & Goddesses Worshipped in Ancient Britain During the First Millennium CE through to the Middle Ages , BM Avalonia 2007 Category : Celtic mythology", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05a97dde85366538bdb32d0e98e4c240", "text": "Cŵn Annwn In Welsh mythology and folklore , Cŵn Annwn ( -LSB- kuːn ˈanʊn -RSB- , `` hounds of Annwn '' ) were the spectral hounds of Annwn , the otherworld of Welsh myth . They were associated with a form of the Wild Hunt , presided over by either Arawn , king of Annwn in the First Branch of the Mabinogi and alluded to in the Fourth , or by Gwyn ap Nudd as the underworld king and king of the fair ( y ) folk is named in later medieval lore . In Wales , they were associated with migrating geese , supposedly because their honking in the night is reminiscent of barking dogs . Hunting grounds for the Cŵn Annwn are said to include the mountain of Cadair Idris , where it is believed `` the howling of these huge dogs foretold death to anyone who heard them '' . According to Welsh folklore , their growling is loudest when they are at a distance , and as they draw nearer , it grows softer and softer . Their coming is generally seen as a death portent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7823b92cc979b660e537072d53269da9	Home Alone is a Christmas movie.	[ { "docid": "f17e743f5243bcf1f1e417f9c146b69a", "text": "Home Alone Home Alone is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus . The film stars Macaulay Culkin as Kevin McCallister , a boy who is mistakenly left behind when his family flies to Paris for their Christmas vacation . Kevin initially relishes being home alone , but soon has to contend with two would-be burglars played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern . The film also features Catherine O'Hara and John Heard as Kevin 's parents . Culkin was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy . After its release , Home Alone became the highest-grossing live action comedy film of all time in the United States , and also held the record worldwide until it was overtaken by The Hangover Part II in 2011 . It is the highest grossing Christmas movie of all time at the North American box office ( when adjusted for inflation ) . Home Alone has spawned a successful film franchise with four sequels , including the 1992 film Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York , the only Home Alone sequel to have the original cast reprising their roles .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7fe300f56d07e53fc064d917399d7bb5", "text": "This Christmas Time This Christmas Time is the first Christmas album by the American country music group Lonestar . Their first Christmas album , it was released in 2000 on BNA Records . Most of the tracks are renditions of traditional Christmas material , with three newly written tracks -- the title track , `` If Every Day Could Be Christmas '' , and `` Reason for the Season '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b01201e914567c01ddbcbc8921ef1e06", "text": "Christmas Magic (film) Christmas Magic is a 2011 American/Canadian television movie starring Lindy Booth and Paul McGillion . Lindy Booth plays Carrie Bishop who falls for an earth-bound widower after becoming a brand new angel . The film first aired on the Hallmark Channel on December 18 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6382b08c3953320cd7439b9834373150", "text": "Christmas Song Christmas Song may refer to : Christmas song , song performed or heard around the Christmas season `` Christmas Song '' ( Gilbert O'Sullivan song ) , 1974 song by Gilbert O'Sullivan Christmas Song ( album ) , 2007 album by Mannheim Steamroller `` The Christmas Song '' , 1945 song by Bob Wells and Mel Tormé The Christmas Song ( Nat King Cole album ) , or The Magic of Christmas , 1960 album by Nat King Cole The Christmas Song ( EP ) , 2014 EP by Jamey Johnson", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daa84526ab380a51a8e0a6d5f3f7b9c0", "text": "Every Day's Like Christmas `` Every Day 's Like Christmas '' is a song by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue , taken from her thirteenth studio album and first Holiday album , Kylie Christmas ( 2015 ) . It was written by Chris Martin , the frontman of the British alternative rock band , Coldplay and Stargate , who also produced . Martin also sings the backing vocals of the song . The song is an electronic pop ballad where Minogue describes her compassion towards her partner on Christmas Day . It contains elements of modern electronic music and Christmas music . A remix version by Stock Aitken Waterman was released as the third single from the album on 2 December 2015 . Critical reception towards `` Every Day 's Like Christmas '' has been positive ; some critics highlighted it as an album stand out , while many commended the song 's production and Martin 's involvement . The song has been subjected , primarily from the British media , as a contender for the United Kingdom Christmas number one of 2015 . A music video was directed by David Lopez-Edwards , showing Minogue , her friends , and her boyfriend , British actor Joshua Sasse , enjoying Christmas Day in her London home . The song was performed at her live Christmas show at the Royal Albert Hall on 11 December 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d79b94e462e3534d0c6275d70d3a916", "text": "Christmas by the Bay Christmas by the Bay , recorded at the Sail Loft in the Washington Navy Yard , is Burl Ives 's last original Christmas album . It includes only one new Christmas song by Ives : `` The Sense of Christmas . '' The other songs are new performances of previously recorded songs : `` Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer '' ; `` A Holly , Jolly Christmas '' ; `` Christmas by the Bay '' ( cf. Christmas at the White House , 1972 ) ; `` White Christmas '' ( cf. Have a Holly Jolly Christmas , 1966 ) ; and `` The Friendly Beasts '' ( cf. Christmas Day in the Morning , 1952 ) . On all of these songs he is accompanied by the United States Navy Band , conducted by Ned Muffley . Ives had performed previously with Muffley and the Navy Band : at a Christmas concert in Washington D.C. in 1974 and at the Boy Scout Jamboree in 1977 . On the basis of these encounters , Muffley invited Ives to participate in a 1977 Christmas Concert at the DAR Constitution Hall : `` The weeks that followed were busy indeed as a special production , the brainchild of Master Chief Jere Wallace , entitled For the Love of Christmas , was scripted , focusing around a musical adaptation of Burl telling the story of Christmas to a group of children ... the personification of Santa Claus himself . '' The concert was broadcast on national television . The album represents a different product of their collaboration that year . The genres of the songs range from folk ( `` The Friendly Beasts '' ) to pop ( `` A Holly , Jolly Christmas '' ) . Classic Ives songs are given a new feel by the involvement of the Sea Chanters , the official chorus of the U.S. Navy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ec440998b6f86691ee0264121e2278", "text": "Christmas Comes to Willow Creek Christmas Comes to Willow Creek is a 1987 American made-for-television drama film directed by Richard Lang and produced by Billie André and Blue André , with the screenplay written by Michael Norell and Andy Siegel . The film stars John Schneider and Tom Wopat ( reunited from The Dukes of Hazzard , and one of the few projects in which the pair did n't play the Duke cousins ) , with Kim Delaney , Zachary Ansley , Joy Coghill and Hoyt Axton . Music for the film includes songs written and recorded by Billy Milo . Scenes set in Willow Creek were filmed in Dawson City , Yukon , with the Palace Grand Theatre 's exterior representing the general store .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc8899a590def7cc6c5a2fd0994fa289", "text": "All Hallows' Eve (2016 film) All Hallows ' Eve is an 2016 indie family halloween film directed by Charlie Vaughn . The film stars Lexi Giovagnoli , John DeLuca , Ashley Argota , Diane Salinger , and Martin Klebba .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c30d0574a1d14c1aeae4019baa64c1bf", "text": "Mine Alone Mine Alone ( Sólo mía ) is a 2001 Spanish drama film directed by Javier Balaguer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b9d634b1c09fb1eda308173681d04f", "text": "Black Christmas (2006 film) Black Christmas ( abbreviated as Black X-Mas ) is a 2006 American-Canadian slasher film written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Katie Cassidy , Michelle Trachtenberg , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Oliver Hudson , Lacey Chabert , Kristen Cloke , and Andrea Martin . The film takes place several days before Christmas , and tells the story of a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered by the house 's former inhabitants during a winter storm . It is a loose remake of the 1974 film of the same name . The film was produced by Morgan and James Wong through their production company Hard Eight Pictures , along with 2929 Productions and Dimension Films , while Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer distributed the film . In December 2006 , upon anticipation of its premiere , the film garnered some criticism from religious groups due to its graphic content in a holiday setting , as well as the distributor 's decision to release the film on Christmas Day in the United States . The film opened in the United Kingdom on December 15 , 2006 , and , despite backlash from some religious organizations , opened in US theaters on Christmas Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab4cf33a837d51f61adc05d8d60a3129", "text": "Christmas on Mars Christmas on Mars is a science fiction film from the alternative rock band The Flaming Lips , written and directed by the band 's frontman , Wayne Coyne , and featuring the entire band in the cast , as well as many of their associates , including Steve Burns , Adam Goldberg , and Fred Armisen . The film began development in 2001 , filming was completed in October 2005 , and the film premiered on May 25 , 2008 at the Sasquatch ! Music Festival . For its general release in the United States , Christmas on Mars was booked into several dozen cities for unconventional screenings , in venues which included a former Ukrainian Socialist Social Club in New York City . The film was released in three different packages on November 11 , 2008 through conventional retailers as well as through the band 's website . A vinyl edition was released November 25 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f79b460d68c70bda8ea773d5bc8acbf4", "text": "Alone in the Dark (disambiguation) Alone in the Dark is the title of several works of fiction : Alone in the Dark , a series of video games and films Alone in the Dark ( 1992 video game ) , the first in the series of Alone in the Dark video games Alone in the Dark 2 ( 1993 video game ) , sequel to the first video game Alone in the Dark 3 ( 1994 video game ) , sequel to the second video game Alone in the Dark : The New Nightmare ( 2001 video game ) Alone in the Dark ( 2008 video game ) Alone in the Dark ( 2005 film ) , a 2005 horror movie loosely based on the video game series , directed by Uwe Boll and featuring Christian Slater , Tara Reid , and Stephen Dorff Alone in the Dark II ( film ) , a 2008 horror film sequel to the 2005 film Alone in the Dark ( 1978 film ) , or Solos en la madrugada , a 1978 Spanish movie directed by José Luis Garci Alone in the Dark ( 1982 film ) , a 1982 horror movie featuring Jack Palance , Donald Pleasence , and Martin Landau `` Alone in the Dark '' , a song by American thrash-metal band Testament from their 1987 album The Legacy `` Alone in the Dark '' , a song by John Hiatt from his 1987 album Bring the Family", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d7c20c2c8f085a4b20b852f280c38c0", "text": "Crown for Christmas Crown for Christmas is a 2015 American-Canadian made-for-television romantic comedy film starring Danica McKellar , Rupert Penry-Jones . The film premiered on Hallmark Channel on November 27 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e319ed89ce2b1b77afe5d6ca9380f72f", "text": "A Snow Globe Christmas A Snow Globe Christmas is a 2013 American-Canadian made-for-television romantic comedy film starring Alicia Witt , Donald Faison and Christina Milian . The film premiered on Lifetime Movie Network on December 14 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34f020ce1eac4778419d2478075af47f", "text": "My Angel (film) My Angel is a 2011 British Christmas film written , directed and produced by Stephen Cookson . Starring Timothy Spall , Brenda Blethyn , Celia Imrie , Mel Smith and introducing Joseph Phillips , it tells the story of a boy , played by the latter , looking for an angel to save his mother after an accident . Shot in Northwood for less than # 2 million , My Angel scooped best film , newcomer , director , producer , screenplay , plus best actor and actress for Blethyn and Spall at the Monaco International Film Festival . Re-titled as Christmas Angel and released on DVD in the UK on 4 November 2013 . Released in the USA by BBC Home Entertainment on 19 November 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eac5aad5e4290105be6ecc48308b67d8", "text": "Christmas (Michael Bublé album) Christmas is the seventh studio album and fifth major label studio album released by Canadian singer Michael Bublé . The album was released on October 21 , 2011 in Ireland , October 24 , 2011 in the United Kingdom , and October 25 , 2011 in the United States . On the week ending December 10 , 2011 , Christmas rose to No. 1 on the Billboard 200 album sales chart , becoming Bublé 's third chart-topper following 2007 's Call Me Irresponsible and 2009 's Crazy Love , and spent five weeks at No. 1 . The album also won a Juno Award for Album of the Year , making it the first holiday album to win the award . The album was re-released on November 26 , 2012 , containing four additional tracks , including a new recording of `` The Christmas Song '' . Bublé also released a reworked version of `` White Christmas '' , this time featuring Shania Twain , as a single . This version premiered on Michael 's NBC television special , Home for the Holidays , on December 10 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a432e12c1d432f351423f3c1a78c347", "text": "Leave Us Alone Leave Us Alone ( La ' os være ) is a 1975 Danish drama film directed by Ernst Johansen and Lasse Nielsen . It was entered into the 25th Berlin International Film Festival . The plot is similar to that of Lord of the Flies : A group of teenagers are stranded on an uninhabited island , and an initially pleasant vacation turns into a nightmare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0968c0952ee725fdd621cb7398b96d5b", "text": "Honky Tonk Christmas Honky Tonk Christmas is the first Christmas album by country music artist Alan Jackson , and was released on October 12 , 1993 . The title track , `` A Holly Jolly Christmas '' and `` I Only Want You for Christmas '' charted on the Hot Country Songs charts . `` Please , Daddy ( Do n't Get Drunk This Christmas ) '' was originally recorded by John Denver for his 1973 album Farewell Andromeda . Jackson 's version of `` A Holly Jolly Christmas '' first appeared on the soundtrack to the 1992 film Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York , while `` Santa 's Gon na Come in a Pickup Truck '' was also included on the 1994 Alvin and the Chipmunks album A Very Merry Chipmunk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "419ca250fe3025a826bbdf27ca1376ab", "text": "Christmas with Sinatra & Friends Christmas with Sinatra & Friends is a 2009 compilation album by Frank Sinatra . Eight Sinatra songs are taken from A Jolly Christmas from Frank Sinatra and 12 Songs of Christmas . The remaining four tracks feature Rosemary Clooney ( `` White Christmas '' ) , Mel Tormé ( `` The Christmas Song -LSB- Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire -RSB- '' ) , Tony Bennett and Bill Evans ( `` A Child Is Born '' ) , and Ray Charles and Betty Carter ( `` Baby , It 's Cold Outside '' ) . Even though this compilation is relatively short , Christmas with Sinatra and Friends is a fairly solid collection of holiday music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5784460fab954607c55204fad19a555b", "text": "The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 . The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album . The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . '' Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album . Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e719d270d9bb7d936a536bfbb7145054", "text": "Let It Snow (2001 film) Let It Snow is a 2001 romantic comedy movie . The story involves a young man who finds love during `` snow days '' time off from high school , but spends years finding his true self . He is haunted by the family `` curse '' -- as told to him by his grandmother -- that the men in the family are doomed .", "title": "" } ]	fever
12267662fe3a534831ad61b60eecc78d	The Democratic Republic of Congo is located in Central Africa.	[ { "docid": "75f796565a44740ba58d352dcf8b7cdd", "text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo ( -LSB- ˈkɒŋɡəʊ -RSB- -LSB- kɔ̃ɡo -RSB- ; République démocratique du Congo ) , also known as DR Congo , DRC , DROC , Congo-Kinshasa or simply the Congo , is a country located in Central Africa . The DRC borders the Central African Republic and South Sudan to the north ; Uganda , Rwanda , Burundi and Tanzania to the east ; Zambia and Angola to the south ; the Republic of the Congo to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest . It is the second-largest country in Africa by area and eleventh largest in the world . With a population of over 80 million , the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country , the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the eighteenth most populated country in the world . The territory of the DR Congo was first settled by humans around 90,000 years ago . Bantu peoples began migrating into the region in the 5th century and again in the 10th century . In the West of the region the Kingdom of Kongo ruled from the 14th to 19th centuries , while in the centre and East of the region the kingdoms of Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century . In the 1870s , before the onset of the Scramble for Africa , European exploration of the Congo was carried out , first led by Sir Henry Morton Stanley under the sponsorship of King Leopold II of Belgium . Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the Conference of Berlin in 1885 and made the land his private property . He named it the Congo Free State . During the Free State the colonial military unit , the Force Publique , forced the local population into producing rubber , and from 1885 to 1908 millions of Congolese died as a consequence of disease and exploitation . In 1908 Belgium , despite initial reluctance , formally annexed the Free State from Leopold , which became the Belgian Congo . The Belgian Congo achieved independence on 30 June 1960 under the name Republic of the Congo ( Léopoldville ) . Congolese nationalist Patrice Lumumba was elected the first Prime Minister , while Joseph Kasa-Vubu became the first President . Conflict arose over the administration of the territory which became known as the Congo Crisis . The provinces of Katanga , under Moïse Tshombe , and South Kasai attempted to secede from the Congo . On 5 September 1960 , Kasa-Vubu dismissed Lumumba from office , encouraged by the United States and Belgium after Lumumba turned to the Soviet Union for assistance in the crisis . On 14 September , with U.S. and Belgian support , Lumumba was arrested by forces loyal to Army Chief of Staff Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , who had gained de facto control over the country through a coup d'état the same day , and on 17 January 1961 Lumumba was handed over to Katangan authorities and executed by Belgian-led Katangese troops . In 1965 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , who later renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko , officially came into power through a second coup . In 1971 he renamed the country Zaire . The country was run as a one-party state with his Popular Movement of the Revolution as the sole legal party . Mobutu 's government received considerable support from the United States for its anti-communist stance during the Cold War . By the early 1990s Mobutu 's government began to weaken . Disenfranchisement of the eastern Congolese Tutsi population led to a 1996 invasion led by Tutsi-ruled Rwanda , which began the First Congo War . On 17 May 1997 Laurent-Désiré Kabila , a leader of Tutsi forces from the province of South Kivu , became President , bringing about the end of Mobutu 's 32-year rule . Tensions between President Kabila and the Rwandan and Tutsi presence in the country led to the Second Congo War from 1998 to 2003 . Ultimately , nine African countries and around twenty armed groups became involved in the war , which resulted in the deaths of 5.4 million people . The two wars together devastated the country . President Laurent-Désiré Kabila was assassinated by one of his bodyguards on 16 January 2001 and was succeeded eight days later as President by his son Joseph Kabila . The Democratic Republic of Congo is extremely rich in natural resources but has had political instability , a lack of infrastructure , issues with corruption and centuries of both commercial and colonial extraction and exploitation with little holistic development . Besides the capital Kinshasa , the two next largest cities Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi are both mining communities . DR Congo 's largest export is raw minerals , with China accepting over 50 % of DRC 's exports in 2012 . , according to the Human Development Index ( HDI ) , DR Congo 's level of human development ranks 176 out of 187 countries .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1ae0d3c147b2b082f26a35cf3dc9f222", "text": "Central Corridor (Africa) The Central Corridor is a transport and trading route located in East and Central Africa . Its end point is the Tanzanian port city of Dar es Salaam , where it connects to the rest of the world via shipping . From Dar es Salaam , the corridor runs inland , serving the Tanzanian interior including its capital Dodoma and second city of Mwanza , as well as landlocked Rwanda and Burundi , and the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The Central Corridor provides an alternative route to the ocean from Rwandan , Burundi and the DRC from the higher traffic Northern Corridor , which runs through Uganda and Kenya to the port of Mombasa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8381b9071add6590609a17b28a2ebbf", "text": "M'banza-Kongo M'banza - Kongo ( -LSB- ɐ̃ˈbɐ̃zɐ -RSB- , -LSB- ĩˈbɐ̃zɐ -RSB- , -LSB- mɨˈβɐ̃zɐ -RSB- or -LSB- miˈβɐ̃zɐ ˈkõɡu -RSB- , known as São Salvador in Portuguese from 1570 to 1975 ) , is the capital of Angola 's northwestern Zaire Province . M'banza Kongo ( properly Mbanza Koongo or Kôngo in most acceptable orthographies ) was founded some time before the arrival of the Portuguese in 1483 and was the capital of the Kilukeni dynasty ruling at that time . The site was temporarily abandoned during civil wars in the 17th century . It lies close to Angola 's border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo . It is located at around and sits on top of an impressive flat-topped mountain , sometimes called Mongo a Kaila ( mountain of division ) because recent legends recall that the king created the clans of the kingdom and sent them out from there . In the valley to the south runs the Luezi River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc602c0c7ac818768f13dc0dff12698b", "text": "List of companies of the Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo is a country located in Central Africa . It is bordered by Gabon , Cameroon , the Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda . In the early 1980s , rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5 % annually , one of the highest rates in Africa . The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings , contributing to a shortage of revenues . The January 12 , 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50 % resulted in inflation of 46 % in 1994 , but inflation has subsided since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a31c85481b926bf5c5a85c57f464451c", "text": "Bundu dia Kongo Bundu dia Kongo ( meaning Kingdom of Kongo ; abbreviated BDK ) is a new religious movement with a political and cultural agenda that is associated with the Kongo ethnic group . It was founded in June 1969 by Ne Muanda Nsemi , who is the group 's current leader , and is mainly based in the Kongo Central ( Bas-Congo ) province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( DRC ) . The movement supports Kongo nationalism and the establishment of a Kongo state encompassing parts of the modern-day DRC , Angola , and the Republic of the Congo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5e246085ed03b096b80bfa422bb7517", "text": "People's Republic of the Congo The People 's Republic of the Congo ( République populaire du Congo ) was a self-declared Marxist -- Leninist socialist state that was established in 1969 in the Republic of the Congo . Led by the Congolese Party of Labour ( Parti congolais du travail , PCT ) , it existed until 1991 , when following the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the country was renamed and Andre Milongo , a transitional prime minister was named .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "858e93c0d04a6521eff3b87ca4b8a9b4", "text": "Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ( -LSB- zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country . The capital and largest city is Harare . A country of roughly 13 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used . Since the 11th century , present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade . The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s ; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923 . In 1965 , the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia . The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces ; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty in April 1980 . Zimbabwe then rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations -- which it withdrew from in 2003 . It is a member of the United Nations , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) . Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980 , when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule ; he has been the president of Zimbabwe since 1987 . Under Mugabe 's authoritarian regime , the state security apparatus has dominated the country and been responsible for widespread human rights violations . Mugabe has maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric from the Cold War era , blaming Zimbabwe 's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries , while still executing conservative policies . Burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials , contemporary African political leaders have been reluctant to criticise Mugabe , though Archbishop Desmond Tutu has called him `` a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7a09a2d1aa1af3c9d70d73b085241a4", "text": "Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Its location in the center of Africa has made the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( at one time known as Zaire ) a key player in the region since independence . Because of its size , mineral wealth , and strategic location , Zaire was able to capitalize on Cold War tensions to garner support from the West . In the early 1990s , however , with the end of the Cold War and in the face of growing evidence of human rights abuses , Western support waned as pressure for internal reform increased . The Democratic Republic of the Congo is in the grip of a civil war that has drawn in military forces from neighboring states , with Ugandan , Burundian , and Rwandan forces helping the rebel movement which occupies much of the eastern portion of the state . One problem is the continuing theft of mineral resources , such as coltan , by occupying forces . One estimate has the Rwandan army making $ 350 million in 48 months from the sale of coltan , even though Rwanda has no coltan deposits . Not only can the DRC not make any money from its mineral wealth , due to its inability to tax anything in rebel-held areas , but the wealth is also used itself to finance insurgent activities . Troops from Zimbabwe , Angola , Namibia , Chad , and Sudan support the Kinshasa regime . Furthermore , relations with surrounding countries have often been driven by security concerns . Intricate and interlocking alliances have often characterized regional relations . Conflicts in Sudan , Uganda , Angola , Rwanda , and Burundi have at various times created bilateral and regional tensions . The current crisis in DRC has its roots both in the use of The Congo as a base by various insurgency groups attacking neighboring countries and in the absence of a broad-based political system in the Congo . The Democratic Republic of the Congo is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the U.S.-military ( as covered under Article 98 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42d772962fa8b8e5d5921b3b140c5937", "text": "Water crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Although the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( DRC ) has Africa 's largest freshwater resources , it is suffering from an acute drinking water supply crisis . The country has one of the lowest rates of access to drinking water in Sub-Saharan Africa . Only 46 percent of the population had access to an improved drinking water source in 2012 . Furthermore , the sanitation coverage was estimated at only 31 percent in 2012 . Up to date and accurate information on water supply and sanitation services in the DRC is scarce . As a result of inadequate water supply and sanitation services , many inhabitants are suffering from waterborne diseases , including diarrhea , typhoid , and cholera . The current water crisis is a result of the deteriorated state of the water infrastructure due to underinvestment in the water sector and conflict-related destruction as well as the rapid growth of the population , which was estimated at 4 percent in urban areas and 2.5 percent in rural areas by the World Bank in 2009 . Overall , the DRC 's water supply and sanitation sector is characterized by several overlapping and conflicting institutional jurisdictions . Therefore , the water crisis in the DRC can be categorized as an economic water scarcity problem , hindering development in the country . Article 48 of the 2006 Constitution of the DRC recognizes the human right to water . The rehabilitation and development of the water sector is a priority to which the national government committed itself in the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategies and to which it agreed as part of the international framework of the UN Millennium Development Goals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61e7ad64ac10e37825a8266523c21eb1", "text": "Postage stamps and postal history of the Republic of the Congo This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Republic of the Congo , a former French colony known as Middle Congo or French Congo , and now often known simply as The Congo . The Republic of the Congo is a country in central Africa bordered by Gabon , Cameroon , the Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( formerly known as Zaire ) , the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda , and the Gulf of Guinea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "841c89e7f52b9a5853e1b671006f5cfa", "text": "Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) The Republic of the Congo ( République du Congo ) was a sovereign state in Central Africa that was created with the independence of the Belgian Congo in 1960 . From 1960-1966 , the country was often known as Congo-Léopoldville ( after its capital ) in order to distinguish it from its north-western neighbour , also called the Republic of the Congo or Congo-Brazzaville . With the renaming of Léopoldville as Kinshasa on 1 June 1966 , it was known as Congo-Kinshasa until 1971 . On 1 August 1964 , the state 's official name was changed to Democratic Republic of the Congo . In 1971 , the state 's name changed to Zaire . The period between 1960 and 1965 is referred to as the First Congolese Republic , and the current Democratic Republic of the Congo is the Third Republic . Unrest and rebellion continued to plague the government until 1965 , when Lieutenant General Joseph Désiré Mobutu , now commander-in-chief of the national army , seized control of the country . Mobutu changed the country 's name to Zaire in 1971 and remained its president until 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c11456e17c228e86dba4f53685c1aa4", "text": "North Region (Cameroon) The North Region ( Région du Nord ) makes up 66,090 km ² of the northern half of The Republic of Cameroon . Neighbouring territories include the Far North Region to the north , the Adamawa Region to the south , Nigeria to the west , Chad to the east , and Central African Republic to the southeast . The city of Garoua is both the political and industrial capital . Garoua is Cameroon 's third largest port , despite the fact that the Bénoué River upon which it relies is only navigable for short periods of the year . Major ethnic groups include the Fula or Fulani ( Fulɓe links = no ) , who are Islamic pastoralists , and numerous Muslim and animist speakers of Adamawa , Chadic , and Nilo-Saharan languages . French is the language of formal education , and Fulfulde , the language of the Fulbe , is widespread as a lingua franca .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb656fe1727bcc499fb4a2ed84d4cfc9", "text": "Banyamulenge Banyamulenge , sometimes called `` Tutsi Congolese '' , is a term historically referring to the ethnic Tutsi concentrated on the High Plateau of South Kivu , in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo , close to the Burundi-Congo-Rwanda border . The Banyamulenge form a minority of the South Kivu population . Rival ethnic groups in the late 1990s claimed the Banyamulenge numbered no more than 35,000 , while the Banyamulenge sympathizers claim up to ten times that number . The population of Banyamulenge in the early 21st century is estimated at between 50,000 and 70,000 by René Lemarchand or by Gérard Prunier at around 60,000 -- 80,000 , a figure about 3 -- 4 percent of the total provincial population . Lemarchand notes that the group represents `` a rather unique case of ethnogenesis . '' The Banyamulenge of South Kivu are culturally and socially distinct from the Tutsis of North Kivu and the Tutsis who fled to South Kivu in the 1959 -- 1962 Rwandan revolution . Most Banyamulenge speak Kinyarwanda , and those that do speak it with a dialect different from other Tutsi groups . The ambiguous political and social position of the Banyamulenge has been a point of contention in the province , leading to the Banyamulenge playing a key role in the run-up to the First Congo War in 1996 -- 7 and Second Congo War of 1998 -- 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4885073d79336120d71c28912d87b47f", "text": "Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Primary education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( DRC ) is free and compulsory . The education system in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is governed by three government ministries : the Ministère de l'Enseignement Primaire , Secondaire et Professionnel ( MEPSP ) , the Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et Universitaire ( MESU ) and the Ministère des Affaires Sociales ( MAS ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "173a60bd3e1b5d1e69f27c39fdda10d3", "text": "Republic of Cabinda The Republic of Cabinda ( Ibinda : Kilansi kia cabinda ; República de Cabinda ) is an unrecognized state in southern Africa . The Front for the Liberation of the State of Cabinda-Exercito de Cabinda ( FLEC ) claims sovereignty from Angola and proclaimed the Republic of Cabinda as an independent country in 1975 . The government of this ( internationally not recognized ) entity operates in exile , with offices located in Paris , France and Pointe Noire , Congo-Brazzaville . The 1885 Treaty of Simulambuco designated Cabinda a Portuguese protectorate known as the Portuguese Congo , which was administratively separate from Portuguese West Africa ( Angola ) . In the 20th century , Portugal decided to integrate Cabinda into Angola , giving it the status of a district of that `` overseas province '' . During the Portuguese Colonial War , FLEC fought for the independence of Cabinda from the Portuguese . Independence was proclaimed on 1 August 1975 , and FLEC formed a provisional government led by Henriques Tiago . Luiz Branque Franque was elected president . In January 1975 , Angola 's three national liberation movements ( People 's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) , National Liberation Front of Angola ( FNLA ) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( UNITA ) ) met with the colonial power in Alvor , Portugal , to establish the modalities of the transition to independence . FLEC was not invited . The Alvor Agreement was signed , establishing Angolan independence and confirming Cabinda as part of Angola . After Angolan independence was declared in November 1975 , Cabinda was occupied by the forces of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) , which had been present in Cabinda since the mid-1960s , sustaining an anti-colonial guerrilla war that was rather more efficient than the one run by FLEC . For much of the 1970s and 1980s , FLEC fought a low-intensity guerrilla war , attacking the troops of what was by then the People 's Republic of Angola , led by the MPLA . FLEC 's tactics included attacking economic targets and kidnapping foreign employees working in the province 's oil and construction businesses . In July 2006 , after ceasefire negotiations , António Bento Bembe -- as president of the Cabindan Forum for Dialogue and Peace , vice-president and executive secretary of FLEC -- announced that the Cabindan separatist forces were ready to declare a ceasefire . A peace treaty was signed . FLEC-FAC from Paris contends Bembe had no authority or mandate to negotiate with the Angolans and that the only acceptable solution is total independence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6a87d980eb31436d83fd65c2e781427", "text": "Mambwe people The Mambwe are an ethnic and linguistic group from Rukwa Region , Tanzania and northeastern Zambia . In 1987 the Mambwe population in Tanzania was estimated to number 63,000 . The number of Mambwe in Zambia has not been independently estimated , though the combined number of Mambwe and Lungu in Zambia was estimated to be 262,800 in 1993 . The mambwe people of Zambia are known to be great businessmen . They also distinguish the last names for males and females , like the Namwanga people , by applying prefixes `` Si '' and `` Na '' to be the first two letters of the last name e.g. Sinyangwe ( Male ) & Nanyangwe ( Female ) , Sikasula ( Male ) & Nakasula ( Female ) , Sinkamba ( Male ) & Nankamba ( Female ) , Simusokwe ( Male ) & Namusokwe ( Female ) , Sikasote ( Male ) & Nakasote ( Female ) , Simfukwe ( Male ) & Namfukwe ( Female ) , Sinkala ( Male ) & Nankala ( Nankala ) , Simbela ( Male ) & Nambela ( Female ) sichilima ( male ) nachilima ( female ) etc. . A meal of beans ( `` choli '' ) and okra ( `` kumbi '' ) are a mambwe staple and delicacy . The Mambwe language and Cilungu , the Lungu language , are distinguished by minor dialect differences . The Mambwe people are known to be polygamous ( impali ) , although this trend is slowly changing with religious affiliations , and advancements in modern schooling and trends . Like other African people , marriage is very important , although girls are known to marry earlier , often with pressure coming from parents and other relatives . Category : Ethnic groups in Tanzania Category : Ethnic groups in Zambia Category : Indigenous peoples of East Africa", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e328fcc667f5039a0bb6ed62c31b4d", "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world . The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south . Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed . The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d96aaafc5e2587be6ed627a067c0b76c", "text": "Central African Empire The Central African Empire ( French : Empire centrafricain ) was a short-lived , self-declared `` constitutional monarchy '' , but in reality an absolute monarchy under a one-party military dictatorship , that replaced the Central African Republic and was , in turn , replaced by the restoration of the Republic . The empire was formed by and under the command of Jean-Bédel Bokassa , president of the Republic , who declared himself Emperor Bokassa I on 4 December 1976 . Bokassa spent the equivalent of over 20 million United States dollars , a third of the country 's government annual income , on his coronation ceremony . The monarchy was abolished and the name `` Central African Republic '' was restored on 21 September 1979 , when Bokassa was ousted with French support . His Palace was destroyed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c78209fe1aeaa642db3a7d80e83d7a9", "text": "United Nations Operation in the Congo Organisation des Nations Unies au Congo , abbreviated ONUC ( English : United Nations Organization in the Congo ) , was a United Nations peacekeeping force in Congo that was established after United Nations Security Council Resolution 143 of 14 July 1960 . In 1963 the name changed to Opération des Nations Unies au Congo , retaining the same abbreviation . To generalise , the mission was a response to the Congo Crisis . ONUC was the UN 's first peacekeeping mission with a significant military force , but has been described as a `` pyrrhic victory at best . '' Following Security Council actions , the United Nations Organization in the Congo ( ONUC ) was established . To carry out these tasks , the Secretary-General set up a United Nations Force -- at its peak strength numbering nearly 20,000 . The UN Force stayed in the Congo between 1960 and 1964 , and underwent a transition from a peacekeeping presence to a military force . ONUC 's main goals stayed consistent from the first to fifth resolution . It featured the double purpose of withdrawing Belgian military personnel ( later expanding to mercenaries ) and providing military assistance to ensure internal stability . The successive Security Council resolutions added to and elaborated on the initial mandate but did not fundamentally change the operation 's objectives . These were especially significant because Belgium 's invasion violated the norm of sovereignty , and the second objective was set to prevent the country from becoming a Cold War client state . The first troops reached Congo on 15 July 1960 , many airlifted in by the United States Air Force as part of Operation New Tape . Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba , dissatisfied with Dag Hammarskjöld 's refusal to use UN troops to subdue the insurrection in Katanga , decided to attempt an invasion of Katanga on his own and turned to the Soviet Union for help . The invasion attempt never reached Katanga but led to dissension within the Central Government , the collapse of the Central Government , and eventually to Lumumba 's arrest in December and execution in Katanga in February 1961 . Only then did the United Nations Security Council explicitly authorize the use of force for purposes beyond self-defense .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e57e5cdcecb6b7ed67637bbff362afc2", "text": "Mozambique Mozambique ( -LSB- moʊzæmˈbiːk -RSB- or -LSB- mɔːzæmˈbiːk -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Mozambique ( Moçambique or República de Moçambique , -LSB- rɛˈpublikɐ dɨ musɐ̃ˈbikɨ -RSB- ) is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east , Tanzania to the north , Malawi and Zambia to the northwest , Zimbabwe to the west , and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest . It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east . The capital and largest city is Maputo ( known as `` Lourenço Marques '' before independence ) . Between the 1st and 5th centuries AD , Bantu-speaking peoples migrated from farther north and west . Swahili ( and later Arab ) commercial ports existed along the coasts until the arrival of Europeans . The area was explored by Vasco da Gama in 1498 and colonised by Portugal from 1505 . The country was an important place where Somali merchants enslaved the local population , starting what is now known as the Somali slave trade . After over four centuries of Portuguese rule , Mozambique gained independence in 1975 , becoming the People 's Republic of Mozambique shortly thereafter . After only two years of independence , the country descended into an intense and protracted civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992 . In 1994 , Mozambique held its first multiparty elections and has remained a relatively stable presidential republic . However , since 2013 , following more than 20 years of peace , a renewed insurgency by RENAMO has been occurring . Mozambique is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped countries in the world . Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources . The country 's economy is based largely on agriculture , but industry is growing , mainly food and beverages , chemical manufacturing , and aluminium and petroleum production . The country 's tourism sector is also growing . South Africa is Mozambique 's main trading partner and source of foreign direct investment . Belgium , Brazil , Portugal , and Spain are also among the country 's most important economic partners . Since 2001 , Mozambique 's annual average GDP growth has been among the world 's highest . However , the country ranks among the lowest in GDP per capita , human development , measures of inequality , and average life expectancy . The only official language of Mozambique is Portuguese , which is spoken mostly as a second language by about half of the population . Common native languages include Makhuwa , Sena , and Swahili . The country 's population of around 24 million is composed overwhelmingly of Bantu people . The largest religion in Mozambique is Christianity , with significant minorities following Islam and African traditional religions . Mozambique is a member of the African Union , the Commonwealth of Nations , the Community of Portuguese Language Countries , the Latin Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , and the Southern African Development Community , and is an observer at La Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "188be920bf9234e8c666830e8f7a2606", "text": "List of companies of Tanzania Tanzania is a large country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region . Parts of the country are in Southern Africa . It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north ; Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Zambia , Malawi , and Mozambique to the south ; and by the Indian Ocean to the east . Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . The country has the second largest economy in the East African Community and the twelfth largest in Africa . It is largely dependent on agriculture for employment , accounting for about half of the employed workforce . An estimated 34 percent of Tanzanians currently live in poverty . The economy has been transitioning from a command economy to a market economy since 1985 . Although total GDP has increased since these reforms began , GDP per capita dropped sharply at first , and only exceeded the pre-transition figure in around 2007 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e02396d0095b9c184ffa24484b3a2baa	The Lion belongs to the genus Panthera.	[ { "docid": "48803221da4ed30da3ba5a6da05a8cd8", "text": "Lion The lion ( Panthera leo ) is one of the big cats in the genus Panthera and a member of the family Felidae . The commonly used term African lion collectively denotes the several subspecies in Africa . With some males exceeding 250 kg in weight , it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger , barring hybrids like the liger . Wild lions currently exist in sub-Saharan Africa and in India ( where an endangered remnant population resides in and around Gir Forest National Park ) . In ancient historic times , their range was in most of Africa , including North Africa , and across Eurasia from Greece and southeastern Europe to India . In the late Pleistocene , about 10,000 years ago , the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans : Panthera leo spelaea lived in northern and western Europe and Panthera leo atrox lived in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru . The lion is classified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) , having seen a major population decline in its African range of 30 -- 50 % over two decades during the second half of the twentieth century . Lion populations are untenable outside designated reserves and national parks . Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood , habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes of concern . Within Africa , the West African lion population is particularly endangered . In the wilderness , males seldom live longer than 10 to 14 years , as injuries sustained from continual fighting with rival males greatly reduce their longevity . In captivity they can live more than 20 years . They typically inhabit savanna and grassland , although they may take to bush and forest . Lions are unusually social compared to other cats . A pride of lions consists of related females and offspring and a small number of adult males . Groups of female lions typically hunt together , preying mostly on large ungulates . Lions are apex and keystone predators , although they are also expert scavengers obtaining over 50 percent of their food by scavenging as opportunity allows . While lions do not typically hunt humans , some have . Sleeping mainly during the day , lions are active primarily at night ( nocturnal ) , although sometimes at twilight ( crepuscular ) . Highly distinctive , the male lion is easily recognised by its mane , and its face is one of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture . Depictions have existed from the Upper Paleolithic period , with carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France dated to 17,000 years ago , through virtually all ancient and medieval cultures where they once occurred . It has been extensively depicted in sculptures , in paintings , on national flags , and in contemporary films and literature . Lions have been kept in menageries since the time of the Roman Empire , and have been a key species sought for exhibition in zoos over the world since the late eighteenth century . Zoos are cooperating worldwide in breeding programs for the endangered Asiatic subspecies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d8f536c8c02e22c6cac8fbfca84e6d5", "text": "Panthera Panthera is a genus within the Felidae family that was named and first described by the German naturalist Oken in 1816 . The British taxonomist Pocock revised the classification of this genus in 1916 as comprising the species lion , tiger , jaguar , and leopard on the basis of cranial features . Results of genetic analysis indicate that the snow leopard also belongs to the Panthera , a classification that was accepted by IUCN assessors in 2008 . Only the tiger , lion , leopard and jaguar have the anatomical structure that enables them to roar . The primary reason for this was formerly assumed to be the incomplete ossification of the hyoid bone . However , new studies show the ability to roar is due to other morphological features , especially of the larynx . The snow leopard does not roar . Although it has an incomplete ossification of the hyoid bone , it lacks the special morphology of the larynx .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "077dabf5c8495211930e8526ae4b324d", "text": "Columba (genus) The large bird genus Columba comprises a group of medium to large stout-bodied pigeons , often referred to as the typical pigeons . The terms `` dove '' and `` pigeon '' are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae , respectively . Columba species -- at least those of Columba sensu stricto -- are generally termed `` pigeons '' , and in many cases wood-pigeons . The species commonly referred to just as `` the pigeon '' is the feral pigeon ( C. livia domestica ) . It is derived from the rock pigeon ( C. livia ) , which also has given rise to the majority of domesticated pigeon breeds , such as the racing pigeon . Meanwhile , `` wood pigeon '' by itself usually means the common wood pigeon ( C. palumbus ) . This genus as understood today is native to the Old World , but some -- notably the domestic and feral rock pigeon -- have been introduced outside their natural range , for example in the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbf77b8685ab0df7d22fd118261f7a44", "text": "Felis attica Felis attica is an extinct felid of the subfamily Felinae . Around 12 million years ago , the genus Felis appeared and eventually gave rise to many of the modern small cats . Felis attica was a small lynx-like cat , and was one of the ancestors of the first modern Felis species , such as F. lunensis ( Martelli 's cat ) , which appeared around 2.5 million years ago during the Pliocene epoch . Fossil specimens of F. attica have been recovered in western Eurasia . Fossil evidence suggests that F. attica was among the smallest of the Miocene Felinae : about the size of the modern bobcat ( Lynx rufus ) , but with a longer profile . It was made the type species of a separate genus , Pristifelis , by Salesa et al. ( 2012 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd085b7a36337602f85c95c4b95b1b76", "text": "Leona Leona is a female variant of the name Leo or Leon . The name is derived from the Latin leo for `` lion '' . The French form of Leona is Leonie . Leona may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48fa48feead0cad94e08edf2b278519", "text": "Sloth lemur The sloth lemurs ( Palaeopropithecidae ) comprise an extinct clade of lemurs that includes four genera . The common name can be misleading , as members of Palaeopropithecidae were not closely related to sloths , but instead to lemurs . This clade has been dubbed the `` sloth lemurs '' because of remarkable postcranial convergences with South American sloths . Despite postcranial similarities , however , the hands and feet show significant differences . Sloths possess long , curved claws , while sloth lemurs have short , flat nails on their distal phalanges like most primates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cbe32dd1996deb0c0d96a04f68fc04f", "text": "Chinese guardian lions Chinese guardian lions or Imperial guardian lions , traditionally known in Chinese simply as Shi , and often called `` Foo Dogs '' in the West , are a common representation of the lion in imperial China . The concept which originated and became popular in Chinese Buddhism , subsequently spread to other parts of Asia including , Japan , Korea , Tibet , Thailand , Burma , Vietnam , Sri Lanka , Nepal , Cambodia and Laos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d37da03e01544a29069cd42900ddf14", "text": "Pack hunter A pack hunter or social predator is a predator belonging to the animal kingdom which has evolved to hunt its prey by working together with other members of its species . Normally animals hunting in this way are closely related , and with the exceptions of humans and chimpanzees where only males normally hunt , all individuals in a family group will contribute to hunting . The most commonly known pack hunter is the gray wolf , the closest wild relative of all breeds of domesticated dog . Humans and their closest-living relatives chimpanzees are also pack hunters . Other pack hunting mammals include dolphins , lions , dwarf and banded mongooses and spotted hyenas . A number of avian social predators exist , including the Harris 's hawk , butcherbirds , three of four kookaburra species and many helmetshrikes . There are a few cold-blooded pack hunters including simple arthropods such as army ants , the yellow saddle goatfish and occasionally crocodiles . There is a possibility that some non-avian theropod dinosaurs displayed pack behavior as well . A social animal that always hunts , singly such as the domestic cat , is not a pack hunter . Pack hunting is typically associated with cooperative breeding and its concentration in the Afrotropical Region is a reflection of this . Most pack hunters are found in the southern African savannas , with a notable absence in tropical rainforests and with the exception of the wolf and coyote , higher latitudes . It is thought that either on the ancient and poor soils of the southern African savanna it is not possible for individual predators to find adequate food , or that the environment 's inherent unpredictability due to ENSO or IOD events means that in very bad conditions it will not be possible to raise the young necessary to prevent declining populations from adult mortality . It is also argued that Africa 's very large area of continuous flat and open country , which was even more extensive while rainforest contracted during glacial periods of the Quaternary , may have helped encourage pack hunting to become much more common than on any other continent . A shared pack hunting history is thought to be the main conduit through which humans have been able to form a mutual relationship with dogs ( that is , domestication ) , as both species are highly social and inter-dependent . Humans easily take over the dominance hierarchy of dogs as subordinates instinctively follow the `` alpha '' individual and dogs are accustomed to living very close together When wolves hunt a Moose or Elk , it sometimes takes to deep water to avoid the pack . A wolf response to this behavior is that the pack rests with one or two wolves annoying the prey until it gets fatigued .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37ac51e47fe367b2a2dd0d7bc2689d6a", "text": "Black lion tamarin The black lion tamarin ( Leontopithecus chrysopygus ) , also known as the golden-rumped lion tamarin , is a lion tamarin endemic to the Brazilian state of São Paulo , almost exclusively at the Morro do Diabo State Park . Its limited geographical range makes it the rarest of the New World monkeys , with little known about it . It was thought to be extinct for 65 years until its rediscovery in 1970 . In 2016 an adult couple was found to the east , in the Caetetus Ecological Station , after six years with no sightings . The total number of individuals is estimated to be around 1000 . Some experts believe this to be an overestimate , as recent studies have shown that the average area inhabited by the black lion tamarin is closer to 106 ha than the previously estimated 66 ha . They are usually found in groups of 4 to 9 , living in the secondary and primary forests along the circumference of its home range . On average , the black lion tamarin weighs 590 -- .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8035fa5dae8ba9129e9ce566c2a85cf", "text": "Type species In zoological nomenclature , a type species ( species typica ) is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated , i.e. , the species that contains the biological type specimen ( s ) . A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups called a type genus . In botanical nomenclature , these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature , but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature . In botany , the type of a genus name is a specimen ( or , rarely , an illustration ) which is also the type of a species name . The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name . Names of genus and family ranks , the various subdivisions of those ranks , and some higher-rank names based on genus names , have such types . In bacteriology , a type species is assigned for each genus . Every named genus or subgenus in zoology , whether or not currently recognized as valid , is theoretically associated with a type species . In practice , however , there is a backlog of untypified names defined in older publications when it was not required to specify a type .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6365198205ca2429c05c26a0d8c2658c", "text": "Indochinese leopard The Indochinese leopard ( Panthera pardus delacouri ) is a leopard subspecies native to mainland Southeast Asia and southern China . In Indochina , leopards are rare outside protected areas and threatened by habitat loss due to deforestation as well as poaching for the illegal wildlife trade . The trend of the population is suspected to be decreasing . The extent of the population decline revealed by a 2016 study surprised the researchers : its population is believed to be 1,000 -- 2,500 individuals , with only 400 -- 1,000 breeding adults .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6417cb57932eb77d595a8dbb79eb86d", "text": "Lion mask Lion mask is a motif used from antiquity as an emblem of strength , courage , and majesty . The lion mask holding a ring in its mouth for a handle derives from furniture from ancient Rome and it continues to be popular as doorknocker . Both Venetian and Façon de Venise goblets feature decorative prunts moulded in the lion mask shapes alluding to the symbol of Venice , the Lion of Saint Mark . From the early to mid-18th century , the lion mask enjoyed popularity as a favoured motif for furniture ornament , used as an arm rest support or to decorate a cabriole leg . Occasionally , a lion 's paw or pelt appears alongside the mask . Category : Masks in Europe Category : Lions in art", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5249179d0ec95d384929510ac882ff07", "text": "Hierofalcon The hierofalcons are four closely related species of falcon which make up the subgenus Hierofalco : Lanner falcon , Falco biarmicus Laggar falcon , Falco jugger Saker falcon , Falco cherrug Gyrfalcon , Falco rusticolus The black falcon of Australia is occasionally considered allied to the hierofalcons : indeed it seems fairly close to them ( Wink et al. 2004 ) . They represent members of their genus which are similar to species like the peregrine falcon in outward appearance , but usually with more phaeomelanins which impart reddish or brown colors , and generally more strongly patterned plumage reminiscent of hawks . Their undersides usually have a lengthwise pattern of dark blotches , lines or arrowhead marks . They hunt usually in level flight , more like goshawks than peregrines with their dive attack or hobbies with their acrobatic pursuits . Recent DNA sequence data studies have confirmed that the hierofalcons are a monophyletic group - and , incidentally , that hybridization runs rampant in the present species complex . Initial results of mtDNA cytochrome b sequence analyses that suggested they are basal among all living falcons were in error , due to a numt ( Wink & Sauer-Gürth 2000 ) . The biogeographically entirely distinct prairie falcon was sometimes placed with the hierofalcons due to its similar coloration ; it is now considered not to belong in this subgenus , the similarities being the result of convergent evolution in adaptation to similar habitat . The hierofalcon lineage as such seems of Late Pliocene origin , maybe as old as the `` typical '' kestrels ( Gelasian , some 2.5-2 million years ago ) , maybe somewhat older , though little is known about their fossil history . It seems to have originated in Africa or adjacent regions but apparently became nearly extinct in the past : the present hierofalcon diversity is of rather recent origin , presumably not older than the Eemian interglacial ( about 130,000-115 ,000 years ago ) at the start of the Late Pleistocene ; only one of the hierofalcon species that presumably diverged between the Pliocene and the Middle Pleistocene has left any living descendants . The lanner falcon appears to be the most phylogenetically most ancient species ( mainly judging from biogeography ) ; the others diverged - apparently out of a population isolated in northeastern Africa some time during the Riss glaciation 200,000 to 130,000 years ago - in a brief and rapid bout of evolution . DNA sequence data analyses in this group suffers from the extensive hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting confounding the data , and studies with small sample sizes can by no means be considered reliable . Sometimes , all hierofalcons are lumped into one species , Falco hierofalco . Possible examples of such extinct hierofalcon lineages include Falco bakalovi occurring from the Early Pliocene of Bulgaria to Early Pleistocene of Spain and the Czech Republic and Falco antiquus known from the Middle Pleistocene of Noailles ( France ) and possibly Hór-völgy ( Hungary ) . Their name may mean `` sacred falcon '' ( Greek ἱερος = `` sacred '' ) or `` hawk-falcon '' ( Greek ἱεραξ = `` hawk '' , but with a Greek error : the correct combining form of ἱεραξ is `` hieraco - '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fac2f41eab12ad24d6bfde75b2dcaf7", "text": "Python (genus) Python , from the Greek word , is a genus of nonvenomous pythons found in Africa and Asia . Until recently , seven extant species were recognised ; however , three subspecies have been promoted and a new species recognised . A member of this genus , P. reticulatus , is among the longest snake species and extant reptiles in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43b782d051c3984330c5597f08c6d0b2", "text": "Leoger The leoger is a panthera hybrid between a female tiger and a male leopard . It is closely related to a tigard . Leogers have always been recorded to be stillborn . This is probably due to either to growth dysplasia or some incompatibility of the fetus leoger with the womb of the tigress . Leoger have supposedly appeared many times . Frederick Codrington Hicks recorded that the weight of these creatures varied from 50 to the weight of a tigress . In addition , in September 1965 , a leoger skin was supposedly put on sale . There are some more documentations of the leoger , but most of them are just of strange-looking skins that could also be attributed to genetic mutations . Most of these reports are probably hoaxes or misinterpretation , which makes it hard for scientists to learn about leogers , but at least a part of the claims are true or in part true , such as the ones made by Frederick Codrington Hick 's .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46b0798376b0b311887a7303db0a435c", "text": "Panthera zdanskyi The Longdan tiger or Panthera zdanskyi is an extinct species of pantherine known from the Gansu province of northwestern China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51e64b61b2c5a5b096c7b3564f216835", "text": "Sri Lankan leopard The Sri Lankan leopard ( Panthera pardus kotiya ) is a leopard subspecies native to Sri Lanka that was first described in 1956 by the Sri Lankan zoologist Deraniyagala . In 2008 , the Sri Lankan leopard was listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List . The wild population is roughly estimated at 700 -- 950 individuals as of 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "558c83b0c5888c46ae343e7a8bbcd62b", "text": "Pygmy (Greek mythology) The Pygmies ( Πυγμαῖοι Pygmaioi , from the adjective πυγμαῖος from πυγμή pygmē , `` the length of the forearm '' ) were a tribe of diminutive humans in Greek mythology . According to the Iliad , they were involved in a constant war with the cranes , which migrated in winter to their homeland on the southern shores of the earth-encircling river Oceanus . One story describes the origin of the age-old battle , speaking of a Pygmy Queen named Gerana who offended the goddess Hera with her boasts of superior beauty , and was transformed into a crane . In art the scene was popular with little Pygmies armed with spears and slings , riding on the backs of goats , battling the flying cranes . The 2nd-century BC tomb near Panticapaeum , Crimea `` shows the battle of human pygmies with a flock of herons '' . The Pygmies were often portrayed as pudgy , comical dwarfs . In another legend , the Pygmies once encountered Heracles , and climbing all over the sleeping hero attempted to bind him down , but when he stood up they fell off . The story was adapted by Jonathan Swift as a template for Lilliputians . Later Greek geographers and writers attempted to place the Pygmies in a geographical context . Sometimes they were located in far India , at other times near the Ethiopians of Africa . The Pygmy bush tribes of central Africa were so named after the Greek mythological creatures by European explorers in the 19th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c301ccce6b798936d9e4e5acc7982f", "text": "Wild animal", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4f2eb64c76a48610ad2aebe7ca01928", "text": "Leptictidium Leptictidium ( meaning `` graceful weasel '' in Latin ) is an extinct genus of small mammals ; together with macropods , giant pangolins , and humans , they are the only known completely bipedal mammals . Comprising eight species , they resembled today 's elephant shrews . They are especially interesting for their combination of characteristics typical of primitive eutherians with highly specialized adaptations , such as powerful hind legs and a long tail which aided in locomotion . They were omnivorous , their diet a combination of insects , lizards and small mammals . One of the first branches to split from basal eutherians , they appeared in the Lower Eocene , a time of warm temperatures and high humidity , roughly fifty million years ago . Although they were widespread throughout Europe , they became extinct around thirty-five million years ago with no descendants , probably because they were adapted to live in forest ecosystems and were unable to adapt to the open plains of the Oligocene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6c453047ff236ff0ae573a9aaa31af7", "text": "English words of African origin azawakh - probably from Fula or Tuareg . A breed of dog from West and North Africa banjo -- probably Bantu mbanza basenji -- breed of dog from Central Africa - Congo , Central African Republic etc. . Also visible on Ancient Egyptian stelae . boma -- from Swahili bwana -- from Swahili , meaning a husband , important person or safari leader . chemistry - from Ancient Egyptian khemia meaning transmutation of earth chimpanzee -- loaned in the 18th century from a Bantu language , possibly Kivili ci-mpenzi . dengue -- possibly from Swahili dinga ebony - from Ancient Egyptian hebeni gerenuk - from Somali . A long-necked antelope in Eastern Africa ( Kenya , Somalia , Tanzania , Ethiopia and Djibouti ) . gnu -- from Khoisan ! nu through Khoikhoi i-ngu and Dutch gnoe goober -- possibly from Bantu ( Kikongo and Kimbundu nguba ) gumbo -- from Bantu ( Kimbundu ngombo meaning `` okra '' ) impala -- from Zulu im-pala impi -- from Zulu language meaning war , battle or a regiment indaba -- from Xhosa or Zulu languages -- ` stories ' or ` news ' typically conflated with ` meeting ' ( often used in South African English ) isis - from an Ancient Egyptian name for a god . Isis is a Greek transliteration . Asa occurs as the name for God in Kenyan languages . Isis appears in West Africa as Osu . jenga - from the Swahili word for ` build . ' jumbo -- from Swahili ( jambo ( hello ) or from Kongo nzamba `` elephant '' ) kalimba -- a type of thumb piano . Kwanzaa -- recent coinage ( Maulana Karenga 1965 ) as the name of an African American holiday , abstracted from a Swahili phrase matunda ya kwanza , meaning `` first fruits -LSB- of the harvest -RSB- '' . kijiji - from Swahili for ` village , ' ` hamlet ' or ` small town . ' laibon -- from Maasai medicine-man . Used in Kenyan English . lapa -- from Sotho languages -- enclosure or barbecue area ( often used in South African English ) macaque -- from Bantu makaku through Portuguese and French mamba -- from Zulu or Swahili mamba manyatta -- from Maasai enclosure or compound marimba -- from Bantu ( Kimbundu and Swahili marimba , malimba ) moran -- from Maasai class structure for warrior . Used in Kenyan English . okapi -- from a language in the Congo osiris - from an Ancient Egyptian god . Osiris is a Greek transliteration . Osiris occurs in the Luhya of Kenya as Siira - to cross and among the Kisii of Kenya as Osoro . safari -- from Swahili travel , ultimately from Arabic sangoma -- from Zulu -- traditional healer ( often used in South African English ) Tilapia -- Possibly a latinization `` thiape '' , the Tswana word for fish . tsetse -- from a Bantu language ( Tswana tsetse , Luhya tsiisi ) ubuntu -- Nguni term for `` mankind ; humanity '' , in South Africa since the 1980s also used capitalized , Ubuntu , as the name of a philosophy or ideology of `` human kindness '' or `` humanism '' . vuvuzela -- musical instrument , name of Zulu or Nguni origin zebra -- of unknown origin , recorded since c. 1600 , possibly from a Congolese language , or alternatively from Amharic . zombie -- likely from West African ( compare Kikongo zumbi `` fetish '' , Kimbundu nzambi `` god '' ) , but alternatively derived from Spanish sombra `` shade , ghost '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecdf55dce19faa3b73704dea8370b731", "text": "African civet The African civet ( Civettictis civetta ) -LSB- ˈsɪvɪt -RSB- is the largest representative of the African Viverridae and the sole member of its genus . It is considered common and widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa . It is primarily nocturnal and spends the day sleeping in dense vegetation . It is a solitary mammal that has a unique coloration : the black and white stripes and blotches covering the coarse pelage of the animal are extremely variable and allow it to be cryptic . The black bands surrounding its eyes closely resemble those of the raccoon . Other distinguishing features are its disproportionately large hindquarters and its erectile dorsal crest . The African civet is an omnivorous generalist , taking small vertebrates , invertebrates , eggs , carrion , and vegetable matter . It is capable of taking on poisonous invertebrates and snakes . Prey is primarily detected by smell and sound rather than by sight . It prefers riverine habitats and woodlands . Like all civets it has perineal glands that produce a fluid known as civet , which it spreads on markers in its territory to claim its range . It is used in the perfume industry .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d98a4526895059553f88216673b4c48a	Colombia is the least densely biodiverse country.	[ { "docid": "d952aa525db9553a8d775edfbd812f51", "text": "Colombia Colombia ( k ) , is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , Haiti and the Dominican Republic . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments . The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples , with as most advanced the Muisca , Quimbaya and the Tairona . The Spanish set foot on Colombian soil for the first time in 1499 and in the first half of the 16th century initiated a period of conquest and colonization , ultimately creating the New Kingdom of Granada , with as capital Santafé de Bogotá . Independence from Spain was acquired in 1819 , but by 1830 the `` Gran Colombia '' Federation was dissolved . What is now Colombia and Panama emerged as the Republic of New Granada . The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 . Since the 1960s , the country has suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict , which escalated in the 1990s but then decreased from 2005 onward . Colombia is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world , and thereby possesses a rich cultural heritage . The urban centres are mostly located in the highlands of the Andes mountains . Colombian territory also encompasses Amazon rainforest , tropical grassland and both Caribbean and Pacific coastlines . Ecologically , it is one of the world 's 17 megadiverse countries , and the most densely biodiverse of these per square kilometer . Colombia is a middle power and a regional actor with the fourth-largest economy in Latin America , is part of the CIVETS group of six leading emerging markets and is a member of the UN , the WTO , the OAS , the Pacific Alliance , and other international organizations . Colombia has a diversified economy with macroeconomic stability and favorable growth prospects in the long run .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f1fa84b0da0c892c0751163774723410", "text": "Zipacón Zipacón ( -LSB- sipaˈkon -RSB- ) is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Western Savanna Province , part of the department of Cundinamarca . The urban centre of Zipacón is situated at an altitude of 2550 m on the Bogotá savanna , the southern flatlands of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes . Zipacón borders Anolaima , Facatativá , La Mesa and Bojacá .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6420265746185934a21e6c36b4dfd3c", "text": "Cerro de la Muerte Cerro de la Muerte is the highest point in the Costa Rican section of the Inter-American Highway . Its name means `` Mountain of Death '' or `` Summit of Death , '' since in the past crossing the mountains from the Valle Central meant a three - or four-day journey , on foot or on horseback , and many ill-prepared travelers succumbed to the cold and rain . However , the peak is now easily accessible since the highway runs close by . A drivable track from the highway ( Kilometer 89 ) leads to a peak , with its cluster of telecommunications aerials . A short hike is also available from the highway to another peak marked with a barrel . A sign marks the high point of the highway ( Costa Rica 2 ) at 3,335 meters ( 10,942 feet ) , from where the vehicle track and hiking trail begin . At this altitude , overnight temperatures can dip below freezing , but the sun soon raises the temperatures in the morning , with a high risk of sunburn in the thin clear air . Record temperatures reach below -6 ° C. This mountain is in Talamanca range , which extends from eastern Costa Rica into neighbouring western Panama . This range was a volcanic island in the geological past , it raised result of tectonic uplift and its separation from other mountain ranges means that it has developed many endemic species of animals and plants , often with affinities to Andean forms . The higher areas are páramo habitat , with stunted shrubs , dwarf bamboo , and tree ferns , and smaller plants like blueberry , gooseberry and lady 's slipper . Below this zone , the natural vegetation is oak forest with bamboo understory , an excellent place to see the charismatic resplendent quetzal . Nearly 50 % of the bird species recorded from Cerro de la Muerte are endemic to the Talamanca range . These include fiery-throated hummingbird , timberline wren , sooty robin , black-billed nightingale-thrush , peg-billed finch and volcano junco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "926b6cba70a0ce7b6a404ee0562efcb9", "text": "List of birds of Bolivia This is a list of the bird species recorded in Bolivia . The avifauna of Bolivia has 1381 species ( 1382 according to Clements ; see puffbirds ) . Fifteen are endemic , two have been introduced by humans , and 19 are rare or accidental . An additional 38 species are hypothetical ( see below ) . This list 's taxonomic treatment ( designation and sequence of orders , families , and species ) and nomenclature ( common and scientific names ) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World , 2016 edition . The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy , as do the species counts found in each family account . Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts . Except as an entry is cited otherwise , the list of species is that of the South American Classification Committee ( SACC ) of the American Ornithologists ' Union . The taxonomy used by the SACC differs from `` Clements '' , and significant differences in names are noted . Differences from `` Clements '' in the sequence of orders , families , and species within families are not noted . The following tags have been used to highlight certain categories , but not all species fall into one of these categories . Those that do not are commonly occurring native species . ( A ) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Bolivia ( E ) Endemic - a species endemic to Bolivia ( I ) Introduced - a species introduced to Bolivia as a consequence , direct or indirect , of human actions ( H ) Hypothetical - a species recorded but with `` no tangible evidence '' according to the SACC", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b88d01034795036df58aef11b8a06c", "text": "LGBT in Colombia The initialism LGBT is used to refer collectively to lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) people and members of the specific group and to the community ( subculture ) that surrounds them . This can include rights advocates , artists , authors , etc. . In spite of considerable de jure legal protection for the LGBT community in Colombia ( see LGBT rights in Colombia ) , LGBT individuals are often subject to controversy regarding acceptance ( transgender individuals , in particular ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00f3a69f001faa6b9972ae7572a1d9d0", "text": "Human trafficking in Venezuela Venezuela is a source , transit , and destination country for men , women , and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor . Venezuela 's political , economic , and social concerns contribute to the factors and types of human trafficking in the country . In particular , the severe poverty in Venezuela has increased the rate of human trafficking . Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation , lured from poor regions in the nation 's interior to urban and tourist areas . Victims are recruited through false job offers and subsequently forced into prostitution or conditions of labor exploitation . Child prostitution in urban areas and child sex tourism in resort destinations such as Margarita Island appear to be growing . Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation to Western Europe and Mexico , in addition to Caribbean destinations such as Trinidad and Tobago , Aruba , and the Dominican Republic . Men , women , and children from Colombia , Peru , Ecuador , Brazil , the Dominican Republic , and the People 's Republic of China are trafficked to and through Venezuela and may be subjected to commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07832db45231b03c4a140b5a02291aae", "text": "Guayabal (Medellin) Guayabal is the 15th commune in the metropolitan area of the city of Medellin , Colombia . It is the city 's 2nd least populated commune with 94,960 inhabitants as of 2016 . Its eastern boundary with the comuna of El Poblado runs along the Medellín River ; to the south , it borders the city of Itagüí and to the west and to the north , the comune of Belén .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28ecc86c08fc07e65947721a054c827d", "text": "Fauna of Honduras The republic of Honduras is a Central American country , geographically situated inside the tropics , this habitat allows thousand of species to adapt easily to its lands , therefore has a wide variety of flora and fauna species , humans among them . Many of these species are becoming extinct , which has posed to the Honduran government , offices and naturalist organizations that promote and look after the protection so much the biodiversity of species , like the existent natural reservations . Fauna in Honduras is very rich and varied . The most common are arboreal or live in the fluvial currents lacustrine waters . Big animals are not very numerous but there are hundreds of reptile species , amphibians and birds ; lizards and a lot of varieties of fish in the currents . Cute , bats and myriads of birds abound in the trees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54cec7145787c9c723ebaa52112b7ab4", "text": "Valle del Cauca Department Valle del Cauca , or Cauca Valley ( -LSB- ˈbaʎe ðel ˈkauka -RSB- , -LSB- ˈβaʝe ðel ˈkauka -RSB- ) is a department of Colombia . It is in the western side of the country , facing the Pacific Ocean , and it is considered one of the most important departments in the Republic of Colombia . Its capital is Santiago de Cali . Given its privileged location , lately it has been considered as the Pacific Door of Colombia . Besides Cali such cities as Buenaventura , Cartago and Tuluá have great economical , political , social and cultural influence on the department 's life . Valle del Cauca has the largest number of independent towns ( i.e. not in Metropolitan areas ) with over 100,000 inhabitants in the country , counting six within its borders . Buenaventura has the largest and busiest seaport in Colombia , moving about 8,500,000 tons of merchandise . The anthem of Valle del Cauca Department is `` Salve Valle del Cauca , mi tierra '' ( `` Hail Valley of the Cauca , my land '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b854e608f95792713572e59f73b5480", "text": "Animal rights in Colombia Animal rights in Colombia refers to topics related to Animal rights in Colombia . The Colombian constitution does not recognize animal rights . Law 84 of 1989 stipulates a statute to protect animals , with the exception of bullfighting and cock fights , which are considered to be part of the Culture of Colombia . Despite having a legislation against animal trafficking , Colombia is one of the major sources and routes for animal trafficking in the world . There are numerous non-governmental organizations working in Colombia on behalf of animal rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ac6c7bcde60e76ba0ad96771dc7c86f", "text": "Balloon effect The balloon effect is an often-cited criticism of United States drug policy . The name draws an analogy between efforts to eradicate the production of illegal drugs in South American countries and the phenomenon of the same name when a latex balloon is squeezed : The air is moved , but does not disappear , instead moving into another area of less resistance . Examples of this displacement in drug traffic include : Fumigation of marijuana in Mexico caused production to migrate to Colombia . Marijuana crackdowns in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta moved activity to Cauca . In the late 1990s , coca was largely eradicated in Peru and Bolivia , only to be replaced by new crops in Colombia . Recently , with the intense spraying in the Colombian Putumayo Department , coca has been planted in other departments including Arauca , Cauca , Caquetá , Guaviare , Huila , Meta , Nariño , and Santander . As described in The Economist : Brazil and the Southern Cone ( Chile , Uruguay , Paraguay , Argentina ) neglected their respective drug trafficking issues and due to the concentration on the Andean region , these were neglected by the United States as well . These nations ignored the problem primarily due to its slow introduction and penetration into their society , the insistence from the U.S. that the sources of the drugs was the only problem and because the governments at the time were more concerned with foreign debt , inflation , economic growth , civil-military relations and political survival . The United States continued to increase their anti-drug operations in the Andean region resulting in displacement . This means that the U.S. tactics forced the drug traffickers to search for safer areas with less government pressure to eliminate the flow of narcotics . The drug traffickers took advantage of the neglected Southern Cone and began shifting their routes , locations for cocaine laboratories and money laundering centres . These shifts have also created growing drug consumption issues among the Southern Cone countries . While the role of the Southern Cone had been that of a transhipment point for cocaine produced in the Andean region , further evidence appeared to indicate that in fact since 1984 the region had been used extensively by Colombian and Bolivian drug traffickers . Cocaine labs were found in Northern and Western Brazil and in Argentina . It was also found that Uruguay and Chile had become major financial centres for money laundering after the invasion of Panama . Uruguay was particularly attractive as it has one of the most open banking systems in the Western hemisphere and the government has always put great emphasis on having tight bank secrecy laws .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3a26f24caec111a54e0f4512acec6cf", "text": "Mission Vuelta al Campo Mission Vuelta al Campo ( `` Return to the Countryside '' ; implementation announced in mid-2005 ) is one of the Bolivarian Missions ( a series of anti-poverty and social welfare programs ) implemented by current Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez . Mission Vuelta al Campo seeks to encourage impoverished and unemployed urban Venezuelans to willingly return to the countryside . Prior to the Chávez administration , Venezuela 's rural areas have seen substantial economic disinvestment , depopulation , and abandonment ever since oil wealth discoveries and extraction commenced in the early 20th century ; as a consequence Venezuela now has an urbanization rate of more than 85 % ( far higher than the average for both Latin America and the Third World and is , despite its vast tracts of highly fertile soil and arable land , a net food importer . The Ley de Tierras -- `` Law of the Lands '' -- was passed by presidential decree in November 2001 ; it included the creation of a Plan Zamora to implement land reforms , including redistribution , in Venezuelan agriculture . Underutilized or unused private corporate and agricultural estates would now be subject to expropriation after fair-market compensation was paid to the owners . Inheritable , inalienable , and at times communal land grants were also made to small farmers and farmer 's collectives . The rationale given for this program was that it would provide incentives for the eventual and gradual repopulation of the countryside and provide `` food security '' for the country by lessening the present dependence on foreign imports . There are three types of land that may be distributed under the program : government land , land that is claimed by private owners , but whose claims the government disputes , and underutilized private land . To date , the Chávez government has only distributed the first two types of land . Mission Vuelta al Campo fits into this context by seeking to facilitate the willing migration of urban residents back to the countryside in order to receive the benefits of these redistributions . The Chávez government desires that , with increased small-scale farming and ranching by formerly poor , mostly slum-dwelling Venezuelans , both increased economic opportunities of the poor as well as the food sovereignty of Venezuela may be secured .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef04d468cf5c69e16dc98f8beb982df5", "text": "Human trafficking in Colombia The country of Colombia is a major source country for women and girls subjected to trafficking in persons , specifically forced prostitution in Latin America , the Caribbean , Western Europe , Asia , and North America , including the United States . Within Colombia , some men are found in conditions of forced labor , but the forced prostitution of women and children from rural areas in urban areas remains a larger problem . Individual cases of forced marriage -- a risk factor for trafficking -- involuntary domestic servitude , and forced begging have been reported . Some children are subjected to forced labor in mines and quarries , in the agricultural sector or as domestic servants . Groups at high risk for internal trafficking include displaced persons , poor women in rural areas , and relatives of members of criminal organizations . Continued armed violence in Colombia has displaced many communities , making them vulnerable to human trafficking . Guerillas and new illegal armed groups forcibly recruit children to join their ranks ; the government estimates thousands of children are exploited under such conditions . Members of gangs and organized criminal networks force their relatives and acquaintances , and displaced persons -- typically women and children -- into conditions of forced prostitution and forced labor , including forced work in the illegal drug trade . Colombia also is a destination for foreign child sex tourists , particularly coastal cities such as Cartagena and Barranquilla . Migrants from South America , Africa , and China transit Colombia en route to the United States and Europe ; some may fall victim to traffickers . The Government of Colombia fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons . During the reporting period , the government increased law enforcement actions against trafficking offenders , enhanced prevention efforts , and continued to offer victim services through an interagency trafficking operations center and through partnerships with NGOs and international organizations . The significant number of Colombians trafficked abroad , however , reflects the need for increased prevention efforts and victim services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86185a9a3b952333ebc6aad5dcf8eb8b", "text": "Cotacachi Canton Cotacachi is a canton of Imbabura province of Ecuador in South America . The name also refers to the city which is the seat of that canton , one of Ecuador 's leading artisanal manufacturers of leather goods , and to the dormant Volcan Cotacachi which overlooks the canton . The city of Cotacachi holds a UNESCO medal for being free of illiteracy . In 2000 the canton of Cotacachi was declared the first ecological county of South America . The name Cotacachi has many meanings . In `` Cara '' it means `` lake with women breast '' which refers to the general shape of the island in Laguna Cuicocha ; in Quichua it means powder salt . The ecosystems of the area and the native flora and fauna makes this canton one of the ecologically richest zones in South America . The area attracts tourists for bird-watching , camping , and fly fishing . The weather in the area ranges from 9 to 25 degrees Celsius and is cooler in the evenings . In the last decade Cotacachi has implemented a new system of local development by creating a city council . All the sectors of the society , from children to the ancient , rural and urban representatives participate in the council . Cotacachi is an example of development and progress . Ascendant Corporation plans to raze to the ground the villages of Junín , Cerro Pelado , and El Triunfo in order to make ground for copper mining . Since the complete moratorium passed on all mining in Ecuador ( as of May 2008 ) , however , this has been delayed if not completely halted . Pachakutik , a party of the indigenous population gained four of five seats in the area at the 2004 local elections . For the 2009-2014 period , Alberto Anrango ( supporter of the Alianza PAIS party ) was the mayor of Cotacachi . In 2014 , Jomar Cevallos , founder of the new party , Ally Kawsay ( `` Vivir Bien '' in Spanish , or `` Good Living '' in English ) , won the election for the 2015-2019 period . Cotacachi is known for quality leather goods ; it has a number of shops on `` Leather Street '' that sell coats , jackets , shoes , and specialty items .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "188989a094ba49246d34d56886cb7477", "text": "Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth 's land surface . Physically , it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d5b8bff0810d5b90ca2cdd3c0128df", "text": "Valledupar Valledupar is a city and municipality in northeastern Colombia . It is the capital of Cesar Department . Its name , Valle de Upar ( Valley of Upar ) , was established in honor of the Amerindian cacique who ruled the valley ; Cacique Upar . The city lies between the mountains of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía del Perijá to the borders of the Guatapurí and Cesar rivers . Valledupar is an important agricultural , cattle raising , coal mining and agro-industrial center for the region between the Departments of Cesar and southern municipalities of La Guajira Department , formerly known as the Padilla Province . Valledupar is notable as the cradle of vallenato music , representative of the Colombian culture . The city hosts the Vallenato Legend Festival . During the 1980s , 1990s and early 2000s , the city suffered during the Colombian Armed Conflict , with numerous kidnappings , thousands of people forced out and failure to control crime . Valledupar has one of Colombia 's most modern maximum security prisons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a2942e6875c6778f91bb87118197bb3", "text": "List of companies of Colombia Colombia is a transcontinental country largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , the Dominican Republic and Haiti . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments . Colombia is the third most populous country in Latin America . Its major industries include textiles , food processing , petroleum , clothing and footwear , consumer appliances , beverages , chemicals , cement , automobiles , gold , coal , and emeralds For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Colombia '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ee2fd7c11dc098457aef1ebe8af01e5", "text": "Tumaco Tumaco is a port city and municipality in the Nariño Department , Colombia , by the Pacific Ocean . It is located on the southwestern corner of Colombia , near the border with Ecuador , and enjoys of hot tropical climate . Tumaco is inhabited mainly by Afro-Colombians and some indigenous people . Tumaco is accessible by plane , from the western city of Cali , one of the main urban centers of the country , well connected to Bogotá , the capital city . It can also be reached by land via highway from the city of Pasto , the capital city of the Nariño Department . Tumaco is known for being the hometown of many great Colombian soccer players , including Willington Ortiz . Colombian film director Samuel Córdoba released a documentary about the city in 2009 . The film , entitled `` Tumaco Pacífico '' , chronicles the stilt-house area of the city , predominantly populated by Afro-Colombians . Córdoba was inspired by a panoramic photo of the stilt houses he saw in a photography book on Tumaco . The film won first place at the Festival de Cine Latinoamericano de Bordeaux , in France , and was presented at the Festival Internacional de Cine , in Santiago , Chile . Other places of interest include untapped ecotourism sites and beaches located near the mouth of the Mira River , where the river meets the sea . Also , there are the Playas de Milagros ( beaches of Miracles ) , and Bocananueva y Teran beaches , where visitors can experience great diversity of flora and fauna first hand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3c264422ee90e20dec8fe5773993b92", "text": "Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is an isolated mountain range separated from the Andes chain that runs through Colombia . Reaching an altitude of 5700 m just 42 km from the Caribbean coast , the Sierra Nevada is one of the world 's highest coastal ranges , being a few hundred feet shorter than the Saint Elias Mountains in Canada . The Sierra Nevada encompasses about 17000 km2 and serves as the source of 36 rivers . The range is in the Departments of Magdalena , Cesar and La Guajira . The highest point of the Sierra Nevada group ( and Colombia in general ) may be either Pico Cristóbal Colón or Pico Simón Bolívar both in the municipalities of Santa Marta and Aracataca ; it has yet to be determined which is higher . SRTM data and local topographic maps show that their true elevations are approximately 5700 m , lower than the 5775 m elevation that is often quoted . The Sierra Nevada is a compact group , relatively small in area , and completely surrounded by lands with elevations below 200 m. Although it is associated with the Tropical Andes , the main backbone of the Andes can not be reached from the Sierra Nevada without dropping below this level . This makes its highest point the world 's fifth most prominent summit . Several peaks in the Sierra Nevada are intervisible with Cerro Paramillo , a 3730 m peak in Antioquia Department . This implies a theoretical direct line of sight of just over 500 km , reported to be the longest between any two points on the surface of the Earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d5f5f2aeb7c93b2429ed9b02835f960", "text": "Atlántico Department Atlántico ( -LSB- aˈtlantiko -RSB- , Atlantic ) is a department of Colombia , located in northern Colombia with the Caribbean sea to its north , the Bolívar Department to its west and south separated by the Canal del Dique , and the Magdalena Department to its east separated by the Magdalena River . It is the third smallest of the country 's departments but its population of 2,272,170 makes it one of the most densely populated . Its capital is Barranquilla . Other important cities include Soledad and Malambo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7758f561470cb79a6b012a9bdeb3e658", "text": "List of birds of Brazil Brazil has one of the richest bird diversities in the world . The avifauna of Brazil include a total of 1799 species , of which 231 are endemic . Four have been introduced by humans , 69 are rare or accidental , and four are extinct or extirpated . An additional 24 species are hypothetical ( see below ) . Brazil hosts about 60 % of the bird species recorded for all of South America . These numbers are still increasing almost every year , due to new occurrences , new species being described , or splits of existing species . About 10 % of the bird species found in Brazil are , nonetheless , threatened . In June 2013 a simultaneous discovery of fifteen bird species in Brazil was announced , the first such since 1871 , when August von Pelzeln described forty new species . The birds were from the families Corvidae , Thamnophilidae , Dendrocolaptidae , Tyrannidae , and Polioptilidae . Eleven of the new species are endemics of Brazil and four also inhabit Peru and Bolivia . This list 's taxonomic treatment ( designation and sequence of orders , families , and species ) and nomenclature ( common and scientific names ) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World , 2016 edition . Except as an entry is cited otherwise , the list of species is that of the South American Classification Committee ( SACC ) of the American Ornithologists ' Union . The taxonomy used by the SACC differs from `` Clements '' , and significant differences in names are noted . Especially see typical antbirds and puffbirds ; entries in those families increase the above total species count by two and decrease the endemic count by one , respectively . Differences from `` Clements '' in the sequence of orders , families , and species within families are not noted . Several new species have been proposed and are under consideration by the SACC ; one is listed here . The following tags have been used to highlight certain categories , but not all species fall into one of these categories . Those that do not are commonly occurring native species . ( A ) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Brazil ( E ) Endemic - a species endemic to Brazil ( I ) Introduced - a species introduced to Brazil as a consequence , direct or indirect , of human actions ( H ) Hypothetical - a species recorded but with `` no tangible evidence '' according to the SACC", "title": "" } ]	fever
82ac7010c9fd07ea8991f14801f3dc03	Dustin Hoffman works in books.	[ { "docid": "213f620461fcfa95eb34d0c85c4adb76", "text": "Dustin Hoffman Dustin Lee Hoffman ( born August 8 , 1937 ) is an American actor and a director , with a career in film , television , and theatre since 1960 . Hoffman has been known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable characters . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1980 for Kramer vs. Kramer , and in 1989 for Rain Man . Widely considered one of the finest actors in history , Hoffman first drew critical praise for starring in the play , Eh ? , for which he won a Theatre World Award and a Drama Desk Award . This achievement was soon followed by his breakthrough 1967 film role as Benjamin Braddock , the title character in The Graduate . Since that time , Hoffman 's career has largely been focused on the cinema , with sporadic returns to television and to the stage . Hoffman 's notable films include : Midnight Cowboy , Little Big Man , Straw Dogs , Papillon , Lenny , Marathon Man , All the President 's Men , Kramer vs. Kramer , Tootsie , Rain Man , Hook , and Wag the Dog . He made his directorial debut in 2012 , with Quartet . Along with 2 Academy Award wins , Hoffman has been nominated for 5 additional Academy Awards , and he was nominated for 13 Golden Globes , winning 6 ( including an honorary award ) . He has won 4 BAFTAs , 3 Drama Desk Awards , 2 Emmy Awards , and a Genie Award . Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999 , and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "571196a95df4f24a609d0b2e7faa75f9", "text": "Alice M. Hoffman Alice M. Hoffman is an American labor and oral historian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d4b359862450a7cf88cacc628c98e95", "text": "Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama . There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes . The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director . Category : Occupations in music", "title": "" }, { "docid": "136cf75ec089dc168e5a063dae4b8dae", "text": "Joel Manuel Hoffman Dr. Joel Manuel Hoffman ( also known under the pen name of J.M. Hoffman ) is an American scholar , writer , speaker , and novelist known for his criticism of the Christian fundamentalism 's style of Biblical interpretation . He has served as a translator for the ten volume series of My People 's Prayer Book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4bd6174a70f57357735f12910309e5d", "text": "American Dervish American Dervish is a 2012 novel by Ayad Akhtar . The novel tells the story of a young Pakistani-American boy growing up in the American Midwest and his struggle with his identity and religion . The novel has been published in English , Italian ( La donna che mi insegnò il respiro ) , Norwegian ( Begynnelsen på et farvel ) , Dutch ( De hemelverdiener ) , Danish ( Tavshedens smerte ) and Spanish ( El aroma secreto del limón y las especias ) . The book will be released in 17 more languages by the end of 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8f48b52fbc3d575b45e20e727e89198", "text": "Dustin (name) Dustin is a surname and mainly masculine given name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad5d6e1bf3cb0a4cd5fce91fde593599", "text": "Michael A. Hoffman Michael Allen Hoffman ( October 14 , 1944 -- April 23 , 1990 ) was an American archaeologist , Egyptologist , and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5ca80ac8f89c0da3ee8dfa187d59aef", "text": "Dust (1985 film) Dust is a 1985 film directed by Marion Hänsel based on the J. M. Coetzee novel In the Heart of the Country . The film was shot in Spain and is a French-Belgian production . The film was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . It won the Silver Lion prize , awarded to the best first or second major work by a director , at the 1985 Venice Film Festival . The jury recognised Jane Birkin 's performance as amongst the best of the year , but decided not to award a best actress prize because all of the actresses they judged to have made the best performances were in films that won major awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f228be9c3f78aca473cf1cdd026677c", "text": "We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket . The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows : We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens . The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "970d9b5c58df7827ec8653fb821bcf0b", "text": "Remaindered book Remaindered books or remainders are printed books that are no longer selling well and whose remaining unsold copies are liquidated by the publisher at greatly reduced prices . While the publisher may take a net loss on the sales of these books , they are able to recover at least some of their sunken costs on the sale and clear out space in the warehouses . Copies of remaindered books may be marked by the publisher , distributor , or bookseller to prevent them from being returned . `` Remainder marks '' have varied over the years , but today most remainders are marked with a stroke with a felt-tipped marker across the top or bottom of the book 's pages , near the spine . Only hardcovers and trade paperbacks ( paperback books , often larger than `` pocket '' paperbacks , sold `` to the trade '' or directly to sales outlets ) are typically remaindered . Mass market paperbacks ( `` pocket '' paperback books sold through a third-party distributor ) usually become stripped books rather than remaindered books . A book that might retail for $ 20 will typically be purchased by someone specializing in remainders for $ 1 and resold for approximately $ 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2299fc8bf63cf3ff777f34743d02f1f9", "text": "BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s . BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list . Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea9dd25394ac99c2c5eb4eb04df277a2", "text": "Access Books Access Books is a nonprofit volunteer organization that gives books to disadvantaged children 's libraries in Southern California . These are primarily public and charter school libraries in the inner city , where over 90 % of the population lives in poverty and books are generally scarce . As one study showed , children in Beverly Hills have ready access to as many as 400 times more books than children living in the Compton and Watts areas of South Los Angeles . Underfunded libraries also tend to be in worse physical condition and less user-friendly than their affluent counterparts . Rebecca Constantino founded Access Books in 1999 while doing graduate research on the roles of school and community libraries in Los Angeles . Working with a school in Brentwood , she discovered a plan to throw away hundreds of books to make way for new ones . She salvaged the rejected books and donated them to a public school in Compton . The library at this elementary school had been closed for so long that `` the door was locked and no one knew where the keys had gone . '' This was the start of Access Books . As Constantino said , `` If you take away poverty as a predictor , the state of the school library is the best indicator of literacy , reading achievement , success in school . I ca n't possibly take away poverty ... . But I can do something about the libraries in our children 's schools . '' So far , Access Books has given more than 1.3 million new and used books to over 200 libraries and community centers in Southern California . Primarily intended to encourage reading for pleasure , these books include popular fiction , early picture and chapter books , biographies , classics , and young adult novels . The emphasis on pleasure reading is intended to encourage children to become motivated readers ; to help provide them with a foundation for all reading , including academic reading . Access Books acquires new books via donations from publishers and distributors or buying them at a discount with grants from charities , businesses , or wealthy individuals . Recipient libraries may request specific titles that are of particular interest to their communities . Used books mostly come from individual donations and book drives by ad hoc groups or local organizations such as middle-class suburban and private schools . Access Books encourages partnerships between schools that have resources and those needing them , as with a book drive led by two students at Oaks Christian School , a private school in Westlake Village . This drive yielded over 11,000 books for new charter schools in North Hollywood and downtown L.A. Access Books delivers and helps process the thousands of books that go to each library . At Saturday library events scheduled during the school year , volunteers from Access Books and the donating and receiving schools together sort , label , and shelve the books . This reduces overhead and speeds up the availability of the books for use . To further improve the libraries , volunteers also paint colorful literacy-themed murals and install items such as comfortable furniture and rugs for reading . The Saturday events expedite this work and facilitate contact between diverse communities . Access Books fundraisers and community outreach events have included book signings with authors Jamie Lee Curtis , Cornelia Funke , and Jeff Kinney as well as conferences for young writers and illustrators . The conferences , held at venues such as the Milken Community High School and UCLA , have included keynote speakers and workshops led by professional writers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b677095914166d84be3b2e7f7b77d22b", "text": "Books of the Art Books of the Art or The Art Trilogy is an incomplete trilogy of novels by Clive Barker , of which only the first two have been published . The first book , The Great and Secret Show , was first published in 1989 and was followed by the second book , Everville , in 1994 . The third book has yet to be written and there is currently no schedule for its release . Of plans for the third book , Barker has stated that the book will be `` a big book when it comes '' and that he wants to write it with `` as much feeling as possible . '' The trilogy has been cited as an example of Barker 's use of magic as a motif to `` comment upon the work of the creator of art '' and Barker himself has used the term to describe transformative magic that is used as `` windows through which to glimpse the miraculous '' . The series thus far has been compared to J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "406e72f609b838eaf56a446e6f2ba9a7", "text": "Dustin Lee Abraham Dustin Lee Abraham is an American actor , producer and screenwriter . He penned the 2001 cult movie How High for Method Man and Redman . As of 2009 , he produces and writes for CSI : Crime Scene Investigation . On December 6 , 2007 , film director William Friedkin directed an episode of CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , Cockroaches , written and produced by Abraham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf84c1afeadcc0f66478c48da7acfc51", "text": "On Directing Film On Directing Film is a non-fiction book by American playwright and filmmaker David Mamet ( ISBN 0-670-83033-X ) published in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5ee54f0fb35902b1ad52ee3b0da6ad8", "text": "The Early Four Track Recordings The Early Four Track Recordings '' is a compilation album by indie rock band Of Montreal . It contains early recordings from the band , with the song titles telling a fictional story about actor Dustin Hoffman . Though the titles feature Dustin Hoffman , the album name and content have nothing to do with him , and the titles were chosen only for humor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "936d5e5671156d8bf76f60697840b21a", "text": "To America with Love To America with Love : Letters from the Underground is a 1976 book by Anita and Abbie Hoffman . It was part of the basis for the film Steal This Movie ! in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c87e17d97b21620c16a8a0bbcf5f3eaa", "text": "Papillon (film) Papillon is a 1973 American crime drama prison film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner , based on the best-selling autobiography by the French convict Henri Charrière . The film stars Steve McQueen as Henri Charrière ( `` Papillon '' ) , and Dustin Hoffman as Louis Dega . Because it was filmed at remote locations , the film was quite expensive for the time ( $ 12 million ) , but it readily earned more than twice that in the first year of public distribution . The film 's title is French for `` Butterfly , '' referring to Charrière 's tattoo and nickname .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ecd2b07d430a364f44ba3fad5be70", "text": "Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d133c226f8aea0083555201cad2cf638", "text": "Hill & Wang Hill & Wang is an American book publishing company focused on American history , world history , and politics . It is a division of Farrar , Straus and Giroux . Hill & Wang was founded as an independent publishing house in 1956 by Arthur Wang ( 1917/18 -- 2005 ) and Lawrence Hill , who were both working at A. A. Wyn . They bought backlist books from Wyn and started Dramabooks , publishing plays in trade paperback , then a new format . The series included Jean Cocteau , Arthur L. Kopit and Lanford Wilson . In 1959 , Arthur Wang acquired Elie Wiesel 's Holocaust memoir , Night , which had been turned down by several English-language publishers , publishing it in 1960 . They continued to build the Hill & Wang list to include such authors as Roland Barthes , Langston Hughes , and American historians Stanley Kutler and William Cronon . In 1971 , the two sold Hill & Wang to Farrar , Straus and Giroux , and the imprint continues to be recognized for its high quality nonfiction . More recently , it has published authors such as Cass Sunstein , Philip Gura , John Allen Paulos , Melvyn Leffler , Thomas Bender , William Poundstone , Woody Holton , and Eric Rauchway . The imprint also launched a graphic line , `` Novel Graphics , '' when it published a graphic adaptation of the 9/11 Commission Report by Sid Jacobson and Ernie Colón . It has since published several graphic biographies and works of graphic journalism , and a graphic adaptation of the United States Constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55be0dd5f56356c91fa9d7fb89fa5bc1", "text": "Dustbin Baby Dustbin Baby is a children 's novel by Jacqueline Wilson . It focuses on April , a fourteen-year-old girl who was abandoned by her mother in a dustbin when she was only a few minutes old . After a blazing row with her foster mother , she goes in search of her past . The book was adapted into a television film in 2008 by the BBC .", "title": "" } ]	fever
454f2ddb44f20b69c057dfc351b300b8	Star Wars: The Force Awakens received only negative reviews.	[ { "docid": "0d9f3288cda918da427a65cfccedac4d", "text": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( also known as Star Wars : Episode VII -- The Force Awakens ) is a 2015 American epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The direct sequel to 1983 's Return of the Jedi , The Force Awakens is the first installment of the Star Wars sequel trilogy , and stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , Peter Mayhew , and Max von Sydow . Produced by Lucasfilm Ltd. and Abrams ' production company Bad Robot Productions and distributed worldwide by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , The Force Awakens marks a break in creative control from the original series as the first Star Wars film not produced by franchise creator George Lucas . Set 30 years after Return of the Jedi , it follows Rey , Finn and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor organization to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was announced after The Walt Disney Company 's acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012 . It was produced by Abrams , his longtime collaborator Bryan Burk , and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy . Abrams and Lawrence Kasdan , co-writer of the original trilogy films The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) and Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) , rewrote an initial script by Michael Arndt . John Williams , composer for the previous six films , returned to compose the film 's score . Lucas served as creative consultant during the film 's early production . Filming began in April 2014 in Abu Dhabi and Iceland , with principal photography also taking place in Ireland and Pinewood Studios in England , and concluded in November 2014 . It is the first live-action film in the franchise since Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith , released ten years prior in 2005 . Star Wars : The Force Awakens was widely anticipated , and Disney backed the film with extensive marketing campaigns . It premiered in Los Angeles on December 14 , 2015 , four days before its wide release . The film received positive reviews , with its ensemble cast , direction , musical score , visual effects , and action sequences receiving particular praise , though it received some criticism for being derivative of the original trilogy . The film broke various box office records and became , unadjusted for inflation , the highest-grossing installment in the franchise , the highest-grossing film in North America , and the third-highest-grossing film of all time , with a worldwide gross of over $ 2 billion and a net profit of over $ 780 million . It received five Academy Award nominations and four British Academy Film Award nominations , where it won Best Special Visual Effects . Two sequels , The Last Jedi and Episode IX , are scheduled for release in 2017 and 2019 , respectively .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a90aa1415307d4baa4a3f5a05cd5adf8", "text": "G-Force (film) G-Force is a 2009 American family comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films . Written by Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley and directed by Hoyt Yeatman , the film is the directorial debut of Hoyt Yeatman , whose earlier work includes contributions in the area of visual effects . It was released in the United States on July 24 , 2009 . G-Force is based on a story also by Hoyt Yeatman . The film was shown in competing 3-D technologies like Dolby 3D . This is also Jerry Bruckheimer 's first 3-D film . The movie stars Zach Galifianakis , Bill Nighy , and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell , Tracy Morgan , Penélope Cruz , Nicolas Cage , Steve Buscemi , and Jon Favreau . The film received generally negative reviews , with critics praising its action , but criticizing its plot and character development and it earned $ 292.8 million on a $ 150 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f83c9bcd2fcb2e65b3c3c51d09d972fb", "text": "Jedi Academy trilogy The Jedi Academy trilogy is a trilogy of science fiction novels set in the Star Wars expanded universe . Written by Kevin J. Anderson , the plot takes place around seven years after the events of Return of the Jedi , in 11 ABY . The series chronicles Luke Skywalker 's early attempts to rebuild the Jedi Order after the defeat of the Emperor . Some of the events in the trilogy are retold from a different perspective in I , Jedi by Michael A. Stackpole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "736706b9b70769e015cecd61e8a7b180", "text": "Star Wars Episode I: Obi-Wan's Adventures Star Wars Episode I : Obi-Wan 's Adventures is a video game that chronicles the events of the film Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace from the character Obi-Wan Kenobi 's perspective . It is the result of an agreement made in 2000 between the two video game publishers LucasArts and THQ . The agreement allows THQ to turn LucasArts licenses into games for the hand held console Game Boy Color , the first being Obi-Wan 's Adventures . THQ published the game and HotGen developed it . It was released on November 27 , 2000 . The story of Obi-Wan 's Adventures is set in the middle of a conflict in the Galactic Republic ; the antagonistic Trade Federation and the evil Sith Lord are planning to take control of the galaxy . In the game , the player operates the character Obi-Wan Kenobi as he fights the forces of the Trade Federation which culminates in a battle against Darth Maul . His weapons include a lightsaber , a blaster , and use of the Force . Since its release , Obi-Wan 's Adventures has received mixed reviews . The game has been criticized for its visuals and controls , but praised for its sound design and creative levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a10783f5169d4764de1d94e987a9697", "text": "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1992 video game) Star Wars : The Empire Strikes Back is a video game released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in . It is the sequel the original Star Wars for the NES . This is the second of three video games released under the Empire Strikes Back title for home video game systems . It was preceded by a version for the Atari 2600 and succeeded by Super Star Wars : The Empire Strikes Back for the Super NES . After the game was completed , the developers were occupied with making JVC 's Super Star Wars for the Super NES , so a corresponding NES sequel covering the film Return of the Jedi was never developed , nor released . A version of the game was released for the Game Boy . That product was reprinted and distributed by several publishers over the course of three years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60658c997ba728e06264b6919e3446cd", "text": "Star Wars: Dawn of the Jedi Star Wars : Dawn of the Jedi is an American comic book series set in the Star Wars universe . The series , published by Dark Horse Comics , is written by John Ostrander and illustrated by Jan Duursema . It is set in the earliest days of the Jedi Order , beginning in 36,453 BBY ( Before the Battle of Yavin ) . A preview issue , # 0 , was released on February 1 , 2012 , and followed by the first issue on February 15 , 2012 . Dawn of the Jedi ended after the third arc , since Marvel Comics acquired the Star Wars comic license in 2015 . The miniseries concluded with the last issue Force Wars # 5 having been released March 19 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e2c503f901364f706a5c5a81eb236a", "text": "Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) . Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d914ef2eb5e19915089aca80a351b873", "text": "Millennium Falcon The Millennium Falcon is a spaceship in the Star Wars universe commanded at one time by Corellian smuggler Han Solo ( Harrison Ford ) and his Wookiee first mate , Chewbacca ( Peter Mayhew ) . The highly modified Corellian Engineering Corporation ( CEC ) YT-1300 light freighter first appears in Star Wars ( 1977 ) , and subsequently in The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) , Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) and The Force Awakens ( 2015 ) . The ship also makes a brief cameo appearance in Revenge of the Sith ( 2005 ) . Additionally , the Falcon appears in a variety of Star Wars expanded universe materials , including books , comics , and games ; James Luceno 's novel Millennium Falcon focuses on the titular ship . It also appears in the 2014 animated film The Lego Movie in Lego form , with Billy Dee Williams and Anthony Daniels reprising their roles of Lando Calrissian and C-3PO , with Keith Ferguson voicing Han Solo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ab6dc1a2120b76e9aada80ff2f0501f", "text": "The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader is a young adult novel set in the Star Wars universe . It tells the complete story of the title character from his introduction in Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace to his death in Return of the Jedi , chronicling his early life as a slave on Tatooine to his transformation to the Sith Lord title character to his ultimate redemption . The hard cover book , which is 211 pages , was written by Ryder Windham and published in October 2007 . Anakin 's story begins when he is taken with his mother to be a slave to Gardulla the Hutt , rival of Jabba the Hutt , on Tatooine . The story continues from there through the rest of the Star Wars films . In 2008 , a sequel was published by Windham titled The Life and Legend of Obi-Wan Kenobi , which follows the complete story of Obi-Wan Kenobi in the complete saga . In 2009 , another sequel followed titled A New Hope : The Life of Luke Skywalker , telling the story of the Luke Skywalker throughout the Star Wars films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79a9574516df62a968439a6f11b4de93", "text": "Legacy of the Force The Legacy of the Force is a series of nine science fiction novels set in the Star Wars expanded universe , taking place approximately 40 years after the events of Star Wars Episode IV : A New Hope ( in Star Wars chronology , from 40 ABY to 41 ABY ) . The series was written by Troy Denning , Aaron Allston and Karen Traviss in an alternating cycle . The series contains a mix of hardcover and paperback releases . The plan was to allow each author to write one hardcover novel and two paperbacks , with the first , middle ( fifth ) , and final ( ninth ) novels being the hardcover releases , and the other novels being in paperback . An abridged audiobook version of each story was released concurrently with each book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73632a6c1344d4a4c509e1943ff784a", "text": "Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games . Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144128063fc1a628c70a943b05a2b0bc", "text": "Star Wars Combine Star Wars Combine ( SWC ) is a real-time massively multiplayer online browser game , set in the Star Wars universe as a persistent world . It was released in December 1998 as a sort of continuation of a game that existed between the mid-90s and summer 1998 known as Star Wars Simulation . When the Sim Master disappeared suddenly - and the servers were shut down soon after - some players of that stranded community decided to create their own version of the game that evolved a lot through the years and took its own path . Combine is not licensed by LucasArts , but is permitted to use the setting . Star Wars Combine was ranked 88th in the Top 100 games of All-Time by PC Gamer in its March 2012 issue . The graphic interface of the game is a means to facilitate the meeting of the international community on the forums and IRC channels . Due to the nature of such role-playing based games , it is a commonly shared feeling to be lost after one 's own character is created , and as a result of this help , suggestions , tips from others are often required to perform some of the basic actions available to a player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae880f779babc36e7dcc4490867782ce", "text": "Naboo Naboo is a planet in the fictional Star Wars universe with a mostly green terrain and which is the homeworld of two societies : the Gungans who dwell in underwater cities and the humans who live in colonies on the surface . Humans of Naboo have an electoral monarchy and maintain a peaceful culture that defends education , the arts , environmental protection and scientific achievements . The main capital of Naboo is Theed . Located in the Chommell sector , Naboo is the home planet of Padmé Amidala and Jar Jar Binks , as well as Senator ( later Supreme Chancellor and then Emperor ) Palpatine . In Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace , it was the site of a blockade by the Trade Federation and the Battle of Naboo between the Federation and the native inhabitants . Naboo is seen in four films in the Star Wars series , having a prominent role in the first two prequels and glimpsed briefly in Revenge of the Sith and the 2004 DVD release of Return of the Jedi . Theed 's architecture , while referencing Ancient Rome and other classical traditions , was heavily inspired by the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Marin County Civic Center in California . ( Skywalker Ranch and Industrial Light & Magic are both based in Marin County . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffd39964af48440a4168d54d8333cba5", "text": "Star Wars: Rebel Assault Star Wars : Rebel Assault is a rail shooter video game developed and published by LucasArts for DOS , Apple Macintosh , Sega CD and 3DO Interactive Multiplayer systems , set in the Star Wars universe . Released in 1993 , it is the first CD-ROM-only game to be published by LucasArts . The game 's story focuses on a young pilot called Rookie One as he/she is trained by , and subsequently fights for , the Rebel Alliance in the Galactic Civil War . The game features digitized footage and music from the original movies ( although most of the original footage is replaced by CGI rendered sequences ) , and full speech . Rebel Assault is one of the oldest titles to make use of extensive full motion video ( FMV ) on the PC . The video was used to display pre-rendered 3D graphics that were far ahead of what a contemporary PC could render in real-time . Developers pre-rendered various environments and battles and the player flew through these environments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5faedcd6f5fa0b6864782866d8747d4", "text": "Star Wars: Empire at War Star Wars : Empire at War is a 2006 real-time strategy video game developed by Petroglyph Games and published by LucasArts . Set between Episode III and Episode IV , it focuses on the fledgling struggle between the Empire and the Rebels . It uses Petroglyph 's game engine Alamo . In October 2006 , an expansion titled Star Wars : Empire at War : Forces of Corruption was released . As of May 31 , 2014 , online functionality , including network multiplayer and wireless chat is no longer available due to Glu Mobile purchasing GameSpy and shutting down all game servers . .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b89a139d3627153da4eee00e96f08420	Svitavy is in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic.	[ { "docid": "2ad6a06d404be17b236d42079724b42e", "text": "Svitavy Svitavy ( -LSB- ˈsvɪtavɪ -RSB- ; Zwittau ) is a town in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . The town has a population of 18,000 and is also the district administrative centre . It is the birthplace of Oskar Schindler and an important center of the Czech Esperanto movement , with an Esperanto museum that is part of the city museum .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c6a0aa746c1d98fc5969c351240e40bd", "text": "Radotice Radotice is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Třebíč District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 4.81 km2 , and has a population of 131 ( as at 3 July 2006 ) . Radotice lies approximately 34 km south-west of Třebíč , 46 km south of Jihlava , and 149 km south-east of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d9d16a9bbebf7e548a30de044eeb810", "text": "Kopřivnice Kopřivnice ( -LSB- ˈkopr̝̊ɪvɲɪt͡sɛ -RSB- ; Nesselsdorf -LSB- ˈnɛsəlsdɔɐ̯f -RSB- , Koprzywnica -LSB- kɔˈpʂɨvɲit͡sa -RSB- ) is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25b1049d515a1b43136edbdc97d71160", "text": "Podveky Podveky is a village and municipality in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ef5ba9a8ebe7c4ea5d292e549f55bb3", "text": "Hluboká (Chrudim District) Hluboká ( -LSB- ˈɦlubokaː -RSB- ) is a small village in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . It has around 230 inhabitants . Hamlets Dolany , Chlum and Střítež are administrative parts of Hluboká .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f3e2a6b7a54160962425efaaaefe78", "text": "Dřevčice Dřevčice is a village and municipality in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a97b2da319206432fe83920fbcea590d", "text": "Kladno Kladno ( -LSB- ˈkladno -RSB- ; Kladen ) is the biggest city in the Central Bohemian Region ( Středočeský kraj ) of the Czech Republic . It is located 25 km northwest of the capital city Prague . Kladno is the largest city of the region and holds a population together with its adjacent suburban areas of more than 110,000 people ( nearly 70,000 in Kladno proper ) . The city is part of the Prague metropolitan area , which has the population of nearly 2,200,000 people ( making it the biggest one in the Czech Republic ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78a31a23e89592ab4216e86d8d8038c0", "text": "Olomouc Region Olomouc Region ( Olomoucký kraj ) is an administrative unit ( kraj ) of the Czech Republic , located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia ( Morava ) and in a small part of the historical region of Czech Silesia ( České Slezsko ) . It is named for its capital Olomouc . Olomouc region borders with the Moravian-Silesian Region ( in the east ) , Zlín Region ( in the south-east ) , South Moravian Region ( in the south-west ) and Pardubice Region ( in the west ) . Furthermore , the region shares a 104 km long border with Poland ( in the north ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01fde7feb2c14e92684daa0cf96b5ba8", "text": "Svinošice Svinošice is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 7.33 km2 , and has a population of 309 ( as at 26 November 2008 ) . Svinošice lies approximately 7 km south-west of Blansko , 16 km north of Brno , and 177 km south-east of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "384d0f1850736122b85c661e997473b0", "text": "Kunětice Kunětice is a village in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . It has cca 270 inhabitants . The village lies directly below Kunětice Mountain with its Kunětice Mountain Castle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8844b1933713cd4ed90993ebf7d442c9", "text": "Česká Kubice Česká Kubice is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Domažlice District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 45.97 km2 , and has a population of 632 ( as at 28 August 2006 ) . Česká Kubice lies approximately 10 km south-west of Domažlice , 57 km south-west of Plzeň , and 139 km south-west of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16ecf4a44e69d7792c6c5ee2ed9f2d08", "text": "Jezbořice Jezbořice is a village in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . It has around 320 inhabitants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d296913a625a449dcaff468606353008", "text": "Hostivice Hostivice ( -LSB- ˈɦoscɪvɪtsɛ -RSB- ) is a town in the Czech Republic , a suburb on the west border of Prague . It is close to Prague Ruzyně Airport and on the main road from Prague to Karlovy Vary ( Carlsbad ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f750a2cad8e17ef9493d190cc89038a", "text": "Lubná (Svitavy District) Lubná is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 19.86 km2 , and has a population of 1,019 ( as at 3 July 2006 ) . Lubná lies approximately 19 km west of Svitavy , 43 km south-east of Pardubice , and 133 km east of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f422e00dd4120b07477fbbd23302380e", "text": "Nová Sídla Nová Sídla is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 2.94 km2 , and has a population of 238 ( as at 2 October 2006 ) . Nová Sídla lies approximately 22 km north-west of Svitavy , 38 km south-east of Pardubice , and 133 km east of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e17e089edec2bf4d639d7eab98defe5", "text": "Nový Vestec Nový Vestec is a village and municipality in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5304e64f6347f4d32dc25f99d9884fca", "text": "Vysoké Mýto Vysoké Mýto ( -LSB- ˈvɪsokɛː ˈmiːto -RSB- ; Hohenmaut , also Hohenmauth ) is a town in the Pardubice Region , Czech Republic . Founded in 1262 by the Bohemian king , Přemysl Otakar II , it is situated near its original location , called Vraclav . Vysoké Mýto is a centre of tourism , due to its architectural monuments and the nature that surrounds it . Industrial companies in the city include an Iveco bus factory ( brand name Karosa ) . There is also a football club , SK Vysoké Mýto . The town square is exceptionally beautiful and it is one of the largest examples of its type in Bohemia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17fcc19d5551e9b105df068fa666a553", "text": "Vrdy Vrdy is a village and municipality in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "993cc61848b5b1dbd833f99130c93994", "text": "Kukle Kukle may refer to the following places : Kukle ( Svitavy District ) , a municipality in the Svitavy District , Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic Kukle , Poland , a village in Podlaskie Voivodeship in north-east Poland", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20a0a38d2f51185071df21aff226f0dc", "text": "Švábov Švábov ( -LSB- ˈʃvaːbof -RSB- ) is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 5 km2 , and has a population of 83 ( as at 2 October 2006 ) . Švábov lies approximately 20 km south-west of Jihlava and 110 km south-east of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9bea4e91bb9f2c8693e2be892e62d2f", "text": "Pecka Pecka is a market town in the Czech Republic .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bb3aa841b5852c90635b5537219ad85d	There is an online role-playing game called World of Warcraft.	[ { "docid": "2b6768ce230174b1c24e4ed642ef16cf", "text": "World of Warcraft World of Warcraft ( WoW ) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game ( MMORPG ) released in 2004 by Blizzard Entertainment . It is the fourth released game set in the fantasy Warcraft universe , which was first introduced by Warcraft : Orcs & Humans in 1994 . World of Warcraft takes place within the Warcraft world of Azeroth , approximately four years after the events at the conclusion of Blizzard 's previous Warcraft release , Warcraft III : The Frozen Throne . Blizzard Entertainment announced World of Warcraft on September 2 , 2001 . The game was released on November 23 , 2004 , on the 10th anniversary of the Warcraft franchise . The first expansion set of the game , The Burning Crusade , was released on January 16 , 2007 . The second expansion set , Wrath of the Lich King , was released on November 13 , 2008 . The third expansion set , Cataclysm , was released on December 7 , 2010 . The fourth expansion set , Mists of Pandaria , was released on September 25 , 2012 . The fifth expansion set , Warlords of Draenor , was released on November 13 , 2014 . The sixth expansion set , Legion , was released on August 30 , 2016 . With a peak of 12 million subscriptions in October 2010 and Blizzard 's final report of 5.5 million subscriptions in October 2015 , World of Warcraft remains the world 's most-subscribed MMORPG , and holds the Guinness World Record for the most popular MMORPG by subscribers . In January 2014 , Blizzard announced that more than 100 million accounts had been created over the game 's lifetime .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "027c8c69d6c03ce5675135525ff6a551", "text": "Air wargaming Air wargaming , like naval wargaming , is a niche specialism within the wider miniatures wargaming hobby . Due to the relatively short time over which aerial combat has developed air wargaming periods tend to break down into three broad periods : World War I - from the earliest air combat to the 1920s World War II - 1930s to the early 1950s `` Modern '' - the missile age To this can be added science fiction and `` alternate history '' such as the various incarnations of Crimson Skies or Victorian Science Fiction such as Aeronef . Air wargaming is served by a specialist wargames society , AirWarSoc , which was formed by Steve Blease ( founder of the Society of Fantasy and Science Fiction Wargamers ) ; AirWarSoc currently exists as an online entity . The development of military flight occurred during the period covered by the Society of Twentieth Century Wargamers and air wargaming articles appear frequently in its quarterly Journal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3058f37a0cdced3339fd747296859efa", "text": "Wargame (video games) Wargames are a subgenre of strategy video games that emphasize strategic or tactical warfare on a map , as well as historical ( or near-historical ) accuracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e941d65a27928d439a3ed8ba93573a93", "text": "Muddy Waters (video game) Muddy Waters , frequently abbreviated MW , is a long-running MUD , a text-based online role-playing game , founded in 1993 . It has received positive critical response .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8539fba84f86cd1f9ca6477e0bdbe556", "text": "Party (role-playing games) thumb \| right \| A party of adventurers in Tales of Trolls & Treasures . A party is a group of characters adventuring together in a role-playing game . In tabletop role-playing , a party is composed of a group of players , occasionally with the addition of non-player character allies ( sometimes called henchmen ) controlled by those players or by the gamemaster . In computer games , the relationship between the party and the players varies considerably . Online role-playing games or MMORPG parties are often , in the above sense , of the same constituency as tabletop parties , except that the allies are always controlled to a lesser or greater extent by the computer AI . In single-player computer games , the player generally controls all party members to a varying degree . Examples of games which have parties include the tabletop RPG Vampire : the Requiem , the single-player role-playing Baldur 's Gate series , MMORPGs such as World of Warcraft , Anarchy Online and Warhammer Online , and the multi-player computer action-RPG Final Fantasy XI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6b867f8b131236ca982a104b91ab90b", "text": "Warez group A warez group is a tightly organised group of people involved in creating and/or distributing warez such as movies , music or software ( `` warez '' ) in The Scene . There are different types of these groups in the Scene : release groups and courier groups . Groups often compete , as being the first to bring out a new quality release can bring status and respect - a type of `` vanity contest '' . The warez groups care about the image others have of them . The primary motivation of warez groups is not monetary gain , but the excitement of breaking rules and beating competitors . Although at least two Scene groups have been asking for bitcoin donations , PoWeRUp and spamTV . Individual members of these groups are usually also the authors of cracks and keygens . There are warez groups publishing new content outside of the Scene , often referred to as P2P groups . They are a lot more accessible for people with access to new movies and are not limited to a set of rules and regulations . The FBI have been combating warez groups with Operation : Cyberstrike , Operation Buccaneer , Operation Fastlink , Operation Safehaven and Operation Site Down . Similarly , the P2P group IMAGiNE has been disbanded due to law enforcement actions . Some game and software groups include Razor 1911 , Reloaded , DrinkOrDie , Pirates With Attitude , Class , Myth and Fairlight . For a larger list , see the list of warez groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bc299a2125e1ef7a53fd098e717c441", "text": "International Game Developers Association International Game Developers Association ( IGDA ) is the professional association for over 12,000 video and computer game developers worldwide . It is incorporated in the United States as a non-profit organization . Its stated mission is `` To advance the careers and enhance the lives of game developers by connecting members with their peers , promoting professional development , and advocating on issues that affect the developer community . '' In recognition of the wide-ranging , multidisciplinary nature of interactive entertainment , there are supposedly no barriers to entry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cfc07562c4f107b7e6a565e7024cb6d", "text": "Race War Kingdoms Race War Kingdoms , also called RWK , is a fantasy massively multiplayer online role-playing game ( MMORPG ) released in 2001 , developed and published by Glitchless LLC . Race War Kingdoms is mostly text-based with some graphical implementations and does not have high system requirements . Race War Kingdoms is a browser game that requires an internet connection to play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e8c9e83f85d085974fd68c97c540e39", "text": "Risk (game) Risk is a strategy board game of diplomacy , conflict and conquest for two to six players . The standard version is played on a board depicting a political map of the earth , divided into forty-two territories , which are grouped into six continents . Turn rotates among players who control armies of playing pieces with which they attempt to capture territories from other players , with results determined by dice rolls . Players may form and dissolve alliances during the course of the game . The goal of the game is to occupy every territory on the board and in doing so , eliminate the other players . The game can be lengthy , requiring several hours to multiple days to finish . European versions are structured so that each player has a limited `` secret mission '' objective that shortens the game . Risk was invented by a French filmmaker in 1957 , and went on to become one of the most popular board games in history , inspiring other popular games like Axis & Allies and Settlers of Catan . The simple rules but complex interactions make it appealing to adults as well as children and families . It is still in production by Hasbro with numerous editions and variants with popular media themes and different rules including PC software versions , video games and mobile apps .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af3ce0d0a30279459dce4840bdfe927e", "text": "Open World Press Open World Press is a publisher of role-playing games , founded in 2001 by Ed Cha , best known for its `` World of Whitethorn '' series of adventure settings . It is a member of Indie Press Revolution , a fulfillment house for publishers of indie role-playing games . Open World Press was nominated as `` The Most Exciting New Company to Emerge '' in 2003 by GameWyrd . In 2005 , `` World of Whitethorn 1B : The Village of Oester '' published by Open World Press was nominated for an ENnie as `` Best Adventure of the Year '' . In that same year , Open World Press gave permission to author William Kooiker to publish the fantasy novel `` Tower of Ruin '' based on the characters and plotline in `` World of Whitethorn 1B : The Village of Oester '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3edcbbc9205326cf579a5102f3700ebd", "text": "Destination Games Destination Games was an American computer game development company created in April 2000 by Richard Garriott , Robert Garriott and Starr Long , following their departure from Origin Systems . ( `` Destination '' is a play on `` Origin '' , the company the Garriotts founded nearly two decades earlier . ) Destination was founded in Austin , Texas to develop massively multiplayer online role-playing games . At E3 2001 , Richard Garriott announced a partnership making Destination the United States headquarters of South Korean MMORPG giant NCSOFT . As NCSOFT Austin , Destination has mainly focused on developing and supporting the North American version of NCSOFT 's Lineage games . In 2007 Destination Games released its first game , Tabula Rasa , a sci-fi MMORPG . The game did not sell as well as was hoped , Richard Garriott left NCSOFT in 2008 , and the game service closed in February 2009 . The Destination Games website was taken down when NCsoft moved its United States headquarters from Austin to Seattle -- calling it NCSOFT West -- in 2008 . NCSOFT Austin employed five people to run the casual MMOG Dungeon Runners , but announced in 2009 that support for this game will be ending in early 2010 due to low subscription numbers . As of October 2009 , NCSOFT employs about 150 people in the former Destination Games office in Austin mainly working in server operations , quality assurance , and customer support for various NCSOFT MMO titles , however development operations have moved completely to other NCSSOFT subsidiaries on the West Coast . The trademark Destination Games still remains a property of NCSOFT .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "100e748aede4dc6594f8eaf0185cff91", "text": "Curse, Inc. Curse , Inc. is an online game portal and network of gaming websites founded by Hubert Thieblot in 2006 . The company is headquartered in Huntsville , Alabama , and has offices in San Francisco , New York City , Los Angeles , Brighton , UK , and Berlin , Germany . Claiming to be the `` number one resource for core online gamers , '' Quantcast estimated monthly unique traffic in 2013 in excess of 30 million visitors . Curse has several primary functions , the most notable of which include an add-on and modification service called Curse Client for such games as World of Warcraft , Rift , The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim , Terraria , Kerbal Space Program , and Minecraft , a collection of over 1000 gaming wikis known as Gamepedia , and a Voice over IP ( VoIP ) service called Curse Voice . Curse formerly sponsored a professional team , known collectively as Team Curse , that competed in League of Legends and Call of Duty '' , which in addition to various high-profile wins have garnered sponsorship from companies such as Nissan , Alienware , and Cooler Master . In January 2015 Team Curse merged with Team Liquid under the name of the latter organization . While Curse initially offered modifications and add-ons alone through their Curse-Beta website , offerings have expanded to include Wiki services , the Curse client , CurseForge , CurseVoice , Union for Gamers , BukkitDev , and in-house content produced for YouTube . On August 16 , 2016 , Curse announced that it had agreed to be acquired by Amazon.com Inc. via its subsidiary Twitch Interactive for an undisclosed amount .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6953c5fe57bcd67214f4a5f2197125c", "text": "Gamepal GamePal is an online platform for players of massively multiplayer online ( MMO ) games to buy , sell and trade digital assets such as in-game currency , items , accounts , and power leveling services . The site is a neutral marketplace that supports player-to-player as well as direct selling for popular MMOs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01d2c4b03152ceb01b31e48820f404f9", "text": "FIDE Online Arena The FIDE Online Arena is the Fédération internationale des échecs or World Chess Federation 's ( FIDE ) commercial Internet chess server devoted to chess playing and related activities . A test version of the server began on August 8 , 2013 ; the fully operational version was announced for October 2013 . FIDE Online Arena is the only official online chess platform of the World Chess Federation where Online Official games , tournaments and World Championships can be played , with Official International rating and titles . The fully operational version of FIDE online arena was launched on April 4 , 2014 with the announcement made by FIDE President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov . Games played between two FIDE online arena members will be for FIDE online ratings . A plan to merge online and over-the-board FIDE ratings for the blitz and rapid time controls in the future was also announced . The app , in the mean time , is still in construction . On December 21 , 2015 , a new interface was rolled out . According to a September 2015 internal report , there are currently 4805 members , 2078 paying the subscription fee , with India the most populous . On January 7 , 2016 , the first newsletter was published , with plans for exhilarating events in 2016 , promising to engage all chess fans to a unique gaming experience , along with the New Era that has come along with rated Online games and Arena titles . `` Arena titles are going to be included in monthly FIDE rating lists starting from January 2016 . As official FIDE titles they can precede the players ' names in over the board competitions as well . '' However , the official Title regulations of FIDE declare `` Only the titles as in ( 0.3 ) are acknowledged by FIDE '' , which list GM , IM , FM , CM and women 's versions , but no Arena versions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1eb734bd5d2b1a2600ee60cbf8a45545", "text": "Myth: The Fallen Lords Myth : The Fallen Lords is a 1997 real-time tactics video game developed by Bungie for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS . Released in November 1997 in North America and in February 1998 in Europe , the game was published by Bungie in North America and by Eidos Interactive in Europe . At the time , Bungie was known primarily as developers of Mac games , and The Fallen Lords was the first game they had developed and released simultaneously for both PC and Mac . It is the first game in the Myth series , which also includes a sequel , Myth II : Soulblighter , set sixty years after the events of the first game , and also developed by Bungie , and a prequel , Myth III : The Wolf Age , set one thousand years prior to the events depicted in The Fallen Lords , and developed by MumboJumbo . The game tells the story of the battle between the forces of the `` Light '' and those of the `` Dark '' for control of an unnamed mythical land . The Dark are led by Balor and a group of lieutenants ( the titular Fallen Lords ) , whilst the Light are led by `` The Nine '' ; powerful sorcerers known as `` Avatara , '' chief amongst whom is Alric . The game begins in the seventeenth year of the war in the West , some fifty years since the rise of Balor , with the forces of Light on the brink of defeat ; almost the entire land is under the dominion of the Dark , with only one major city and a few smaller towns remaining under the control of the Light . The plot follows the activities of `` The Legion '' , an elite unit in the army of the Light , as they attempt to turn back the tide and defeat Balor . The Fallen Lords received positive reviews from critics , and is credited as a defining title in the fledging real-time tactics genre . Reviewers praised its plot , graphics , gameplay , level design , online multiplayer mode , and differentiation from traditional real-time strategy games . The most often criticized aspects were the difficulty of the single-player campaign , which many reviewers felt was far too high , even on the lowest setting , and some awkwardness in controlling units . The game went on to win multiple awards , including `` Strategy Game of the Year '' from both PC Gamer and Computer Gaming World , and `` Game of the Year '' from both Computer Games Strategy Plus and Macworld . It was also a commercial success , selling over 350,000 units worldwide across both systems , earning back roughly seven times its budget . At the time , it was Bungie 's most successful game , and served to bring them to the attention of PC gamers and , more specifically , Microsoft , who would purchase the company in 2000 . The Myth series as a whole , and Soulblighter in particular , supported an active online community for over a decade after the official servers went offline . The first formally organized group of volunteer-programmers was MythDevelopers , who were given access to the game 's source code by Bungie . The most recently active Myth development group is Project Magma , an offshoot of MythDevelopers . These groups have worked to provide ongoing technical support for the games , update them to newer operating systems , fix bugs , release unofficial patches , create mods , and maintain online servers for multiplayer gaming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58b1547ba476e87ce6c2a243edfa2f55", "text": "Online casino Online casinos , also known as virtual casinos or Internet casinos , are online versions of traditional ( `` brick and mortar '' ) casinos . Online casinos enable gamblers to play and wager on casino games through the Internet . It is a prolific form of online gambling . Online casinos generally offer odds and payback percentages that are a bit higher than land-based casinos . Some online casinos claim higher payback percentages for slot machine games , and some publish payout percentage audits on their websites . Assuming that the online casino is using an appropriately programmed random number generator , table games like blackjack have an established house edge . The payout percentage for these games are established by the rules of the game . Many online casinos rent or buy their software from companies like CryptoLogic Inc ( now Amaya ) , International Game Technology , Microgaming , Playtech , and Realtime Gaming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cdff89d303ecb3193dba87b72d64071", "text": "Pathfinder Online Pathfinder Online is a MMORPG based on the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game . Completion of development is uncertain due to layoffs of most of the development team and no major publishers signed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdeae296f32edcbeef714029a1d3a342", "text": "Corrupted Blood incident The Corrupted Blood incident was a virtual plague in the MMORPG World of Warcraft , which began on September 13 , 2005 , and lasted for one week . The epidemic began with the introduction of the new raid Zul ` Gurub and its end boss Hakkar the Soulflayer . When confronted and attacked , Hakkar would cast a hit point-draining and highly contagious debuff spell called Corrupted Blood on players . The spell , intended to last only seconds and function only within the new area of Zul ` Gurub , soon spread across the virtual world by way of an oversight that allowed pets and minions to take the affliction out of its intended confines . By both accidental and purposeful intent , a pandemic ensued that quickly killed lower-level characters and drastically changed normal gameplay , as players did what they could do to avoid infection . Despite measures such as programmer-imposed quarantines , and the players ' abandoning of densely populated cities ( or even just not playing the game ) , it lasted until a combination of patches and resets of the virtual world finally controlled the epidemic . The conditions and reactions of the event attracted the attention of epidemiologists for its implications of how human populations could react to a real-world epidemic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a432142754f9325faadc372567211037", "text": "Glorantha Glorantha is a fantasy world created by Greg Stafford . It was first introduced in the board game White Bear and Red Moon ( 1975 ) by Chaosium , and thereafter in a number of other board , roleplaying and computer games , including RuneQuest and HeroQuest , as well as several works of fiction and the computer strategy game King of Dragon Pass . The Gloranthan world is characterised by its complex use of mythology , heavily influenced by the universalist approaches of Joseph Campbell and Mircea Eliade , its Howardian ethos , its long and distinctive history as a setting for role-playing games , its community development and expansion , and ( unusual among early American fantasy role-playing games ) its relative lack of Tolkienesque influence . Stafford began imagining Glorantha in 1966 as a way to deepen his own understanding of mythology . He founded the company Chaosium to publish the board wargame White Bear and Red Moon in 1974 ( other sources say 1975 ) , which was set in Glorantha . Chaosium later published other games in the setting , including the critically acclaimed RuneQuest . Various later editions of RuneQuest , the narrative role-playing game HeroQuest ( the first edition of which was published as Hero Wars ) , and the video game King of Dragon Pass were also set in Glorantha , as were several prominent fan efforts . Stafford has also explored the Gloranthan setting in the fantasy novel King of Sartar and a number of unfinished works published under the collective name of `` the Stafford Library '' . In Glorantha , magic operates from the everyday level of prayers and charms to the creation and maintenance of the world . Heroes make their way in the world , and may also venture into metaphysical realms to gain knowledge and power , at the risk of body and soul . In the more recent material competing magical outlooks , such as theism , shamanism and mysticism , exist to explain the world . Within each metaphysical system , adherents may also compete - such as when theistic worshipers of rival gods battle each other . The world is flat , with a dome-like sky , and it has been shaped in large and small ways by the mythic actions of the gods . The ` historical ' world of Glorantha is in a more or less fallen state , having recovered only partially from a universal battle against Chaos in the mythic Godtime . Humans are the dominant race , but other sentient beings abound . Some , such as the mystic dragonewts , are unique to Glorantha . Familiar nonhuman races , such as elves and dwarves , are distinct from their common , Tolkienesque portrayals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f197a5e1830a42fa4ce7422e42ebdd5", "text": "Multiplayer online game A multiplayer online game is a multiplayer video game which can be played via a game server over the internet , with other players around the world . Some prominent examples of this include fighting games ( e.g. Street Fighter IV and Tekken 6 ) , sports games ( e.g. NHL 14 and Grid Autosport ) , older online games ( e.g. Sega Meganet titles ) , first-person shooters ( Battlefield 2 , BZFlag , Call of Duty , Counter-Strike , Quake 3 , Resistance 3 and Unreal Tournament ) , a subgenre of shooter games called hero shooter ( Battleborn , Overwatch and Paladins ) , strategy video games ( e.g. Warcraft 3 and StarCraft or II ) and a subgenre of strategy games called multiplayer online battle arena ( e.g. Defense of the Ancients , League of Legends , Dota 2 and Heroes of the Storm ) . These games differ from massively multiplayer online game ( MMO ) in that they do not create a persistent world , but create a playing arena for the purpose of a single game or round . In other words , they rely on a game listen server used only for that round , and there can be numerous servers all around the world . MMO games on the other hand , rely on dedicated servers , as these games must be running continuously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bac24f0d4755a6a6cc2620fda97106dc", "text": "Realm of the Mad God Realm of the Mad God is a massively multiplayer online shooter video game created by Wild Shadow Studios ( acquired by Kabam in June 2012 , and later sold to Deca Games in July 2016 ) and Spry Fox . It was in public beta from January 2010 and the browser version launched on June 20 , 2011 . On February 20 , 2012 the game was made available on the digital distribution platform Steam for Microsoft Windows and OS X. The game has been described as a `` massively-multiplayer cooperative bullet hell shooter '' with an 8 bit pixelated art style . Players control characters who have been transported to the realm of Oryx ( the titular Mad God ) to become food for his many minions and abominations , which the players must dispatch . Central to the design of the game is the fact that character death is permanent . Upon death , the player 's character is lost along with all carried equipment , although the player may store a number of items for safekeeping in a limited capacity vault away from danger . Different character choices in class also help make the game more diverse and help to support teamwork . The game is free-to-play with optional in-game micro-transactions . Items which can be bought with optional transactions vary from high-level equipment , pets that provide aid to the player ( by attacking enemies , paralyzing enemies , healing the character , restoring the character 's magic points , and acting as a decoy ) , increased storage space , and aesthetic features such as skins , cloths and dyes . This game client is written in Flash and can be played in-browser on the official site , on Kongregate , or it can be downloaded from the Google Chrome Web Store .", "title": "" } ]	fever
22251b67efff56bed8bb63477e545fff	James McAvoy is a Gemini.	[ { "docid": "946284fd44b2c7be1defc74d41aef34f", "text": "James McAvoy James McAvoy ( -LSB- ˈmækəvɔɪ -RSB- born 21 April 1979 ) is a Scottish actor . He made his acting début as a teen in 1995 's The Near Room and continued to make mostly television appearances until 2003 , when his feature film career began and he continued to work in both areas from then on . His notable television work includes the drama show State of Play , the adult comedy-drama Shameless , and the science fiction show Frank Herbert 's Children of Dune . Besides screen acting , McAvoy has performed in several West End productions , receiving three nominations for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor . He has also done voice work for animated films including Gnomeo & Juliet and Arthur Christmas ( both 2011 ) . In 2003 , McAvoy appeared in a lead role in Bollywood Queen , a British Indian take on the Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet , directed by Jeremy Wooding . This was followed by a supporting role , the faun Mr. Tumnus , in The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe ( 2005 ) . His performance in Kevin Macdonald 's drama The Last King of Scotland ( 2006 ) garnered him several award nominations . The critically acclaimed romantic drama war film Atonement ( 2007 ) earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination and his second BAFTA nomination . He appeared opposite Angelina Jolie as a newly trained assassin in the action thriller Wanted ( 2008 ) . Since then , he is known for playing the young Professor Charles Xavier in the 2011 superhero film X-Men : First Class , a role he reprised in X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) , and X-Men : Apocalypse ( 2016 ) . McAvoy starred in the 2013 crime comedy-drama film Filth for which he won Best Actor in the British Independent Film Awards . In 2016 , he portrayed Kevin , a man with 23 personalities in his body , in M. Night Shyamalan 's Split , for which he received critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb9801e79d0ed9a170e2c72352b32a9", "text": "Gemini (astrology) Gemini ( pronunciation : -LSB- ˈdʒɛmɪnaɪ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɛmɪniː -RSB- or ) is the third astrological sign in the zodiac , originating from the constellation of Gemini . Under the tropical zodiac , the sun transits this sign between May 21 and June 21 . Gemini is represented by The Twins Castor and Pollux . The symbol of the twins is based on the Dioscuri , two mortals that were granted shared godhood after death .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1592cf2697ecc35f164bdf825156e998", "text": "Gemini TV Gemini TV is Telugu television channel launched in February 9 , 1995 by Sun TV Network . The channel 's programming includes serials , films , film-based programs , game shows and News . It broadcasts serials , films , live shows , game shows and news . Its HD feed was launched on December 11 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f88ffa50e779939e5e2e2c6625720fd4", "text": "James Beaty, Jr. For the senior Canadian Member of Parliament , James Beaty , see James Beaty ( politician , 1798-1892 ) James Beaty QC ( November 10 , 1831 -- March 15 , 1899 ) was a mayor of Toronto from 1879 to 1880 . He was then a Member of Canada 's Parliament from 1880 to 1887 . He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada . Beaty was born on Ashdale Farm , in Trafalgar Township of Halton County , Ontario . After schooling in Palermo , Ontario , he studied law in Toronto , formally becoming a lawyer in 1855 . He was designated Queen 's Counsel in 1872 . His father was John Beaty , an Irish emigrant . On 10 November 1858 , he married a cousin , Fanny Beaty ( d. 18 January 1898 ) . One of his uncles , a previous Canadian Member of Parliament , was also named James Beaty and therefore was referred to in some instances as `` James Beaty , Sen. '' ( senior ) . Conversely , the younger Beaty is sometimes referred to as `` James Beaty , Jr. '' . Following his terms as Toronto Mayor in 1879 and 1880 , he won election to the Canadian House of Commons on 28 August 1880 . He became a Conservative party member who represented the West Toronto riding . He was re-elected on 20 June 1882 to serve in the 5th Canadian Parliament . Beaty was a prohibitionist during his time in parliament . The Liberal Globe newspaper derided him as a `` boodler '' and `` the notorious ` Boy ' '' , and argued that his support for prohibition was based on a hypocritical calculation for personal advantage . He lost the West Toronto Conservative nomination to Frederick Charles Denison in the buildup to the 1887 federal election , and returned to legal practice . In 1892 , he made an unsuccessful bid to return as Toronto 's Mayor . Beaty served as a bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada from 1881 to 1891 . In 1899 , James Beaty sustained an apparent stroke from which he would not recover . He died at the Toronto home of his son-in-law , A.J.R. Snow , husband of his only surviving child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd4b7378cb502e599afa142f007ffe", "text": "Gemini Major Benn Gilbert Kamoto ( born June 14 , 1990 ) , better known by his stage name Gemini Major , is a Malawian-born record producer and Singer-songwriter . Gemini Major is currently signed to Family Tree Records , a South African independent record label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f444d866de507020fdbd97a68e09fdc", "text": "James McLaughlin (American actor) James McLaughlin , also James W. MacLaughlin an J.W. McLaughlin was an American film actor and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc0c6de8b1f40b0b052e3a535ef31156", "text": "The Boy from Mercury The Boy from Mercury ( 1996 ) is a nostalgic Irish Film , the first from writer and director Martin Duffy . The film concerns the science-fiction daydreams of a young boy in 1960 Dublin . Upon release , the film received international critical acclaim , and several awards , though was commercially unsuccessful . It was the first time actors Rita Tushingham and Tom Courtenay had appeared on screen together since Doctor Zhivago thirty years earlier . The film was also the debut of young Irish actor James Hickey . The book of the making of the film , The Road to Mercury , written by the director , was released in 2006 by Ogma Press .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88e66338c8f671ff913c78168fcfc46a", "text": "Martin Neary Martin Gerard James Neary LVO ( born 28 March 1940 , London ) is an English organist and choral conductor . He was Organist and Director of Music at Winchester Cathedral from 1972 to 1988 , and Organist and Master of the Choristers at Westminster Abbey from 1988 to 1998 . Neary read theology and music at Cambridge University . The years at Winchester were especially innovative . In addition to extending the traditional choral repertoire , Dr Neary commissioned new works from Jonathan Harvey and , in particular , John Tavener . Overseas tours were made with the Cathedral choir , and in addition to his own organ recitals at the Cathedral he drew distinguished organists from across the world to play there , memorably including Daniel Chorzempa , Daniel Hathaway and Marilyn Keiser from USA , Raymond Daveluy from Montreal , Peter Planyavsky from Vienna and ( among others ) from the UK , Ralph Downes . With his assistant organists James Lancelot and Timothy Byram-Wigfield he was responsible for planning of the major rebuilding and enlargement of the Cathedral organ by Harrison and Harrison in 1986-88 . As the organist at Westminster Abbey , he was the musical director of the funeral service for Diana , Princess of Wales , for which he was appointed a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order ( LVO ) in the New Year Honours List in 1998 . He has been particularly active in the promotion of the music of John Tavener , whose `` Song for Athene '' was performed by the choir of the Abbey as Diana 's coffin was borne out by the pallbearers . On 22 April 1998 , Wesley Carr , the Dean of Westminster Abbey , dismissed Neary from his position at Westminster Abbey on the grounds of gross misconduct regarding the finances of a company that he and his wife had set up to administer fees from concerts at the Abbey . Neary petitioned Queen Elizabeth II , as Visitor of the Abbey , to resolve the dispute . Elizabeth appointed Charles Jauncey , Baron Jauncey of Tullichettle to be her Commissioner , and he determined that the summary dismissal was justified . The report also stated that Neary 's well recognised musical abilities , and the hard work which he and his wife had done on behalf of the Abbey and the choir , were not in question . His daughter , Alice Neary , cellist , won the 1998 Pierre Fournier Award at the Wigmore Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e31142d57ed3663f730fa0b51dc32e4", "text": "Kappa Geminorum Kappa Geminorum ( κ Gem , κ Geminorum ) is a binary star system in the northern zodiac constellation of Gemini . It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.568 . Based upon an annual parallax shift of 23.07 mas , the system is located about 141 light years distant from the Sun . In Chinese astronomy , Kappa Geminorum is called 積薪 , Pinyin : Jīxīn , meaning Pile of Firewood , because this star is marking itself and stand alone in Pile of Firewood asterism , Well mansion ( see : Chinese constellation ) . 積薪 ( Jīxīn ) westernized into Tseih Tsing , but the name Tseih Tsing was designated for χ Gem and μ Cnc by R.H. Allen , with the meaning is `` piled-up fuel '' In Japanese , 隆博星 ( Takahiro-boshi ) , meaning `` Esteemed Nobilty Star , '' refers to the Japanese description of κ Geminorum . This is a probable astrometric binary system with the components having an angular separation of 7.2 arcseconds along a position angle of 241 ° , as of 2014 . The primary is an evolved G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G9 III . Since 1943 , the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified . It has double the mass of the Sun , but has expanded to 11 times the solar radius . The star radiates around 68 times the Sun 's luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,932 K . It shows a leisurely spin with a projected rotational velocity of 3.3 km/s , and is around two billion years old . The secondary component is a magnitude 8.2 star .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a40abc67ae81f75e66ebb254b857f9b6", "text": "James Goldstone James Goldstone ( born June 8 , 1931 in Los Angeles , California ; died November 5 , 1999 in Shaftsbury , Vermont ) was an American film and television director whose career spanned over thirty years . Goldstone was noted for the momentum and `` fifteen-minute cliffhangers '' that he brought to TV pilots such as Star Trek ( `` Where No Man Has Gone Before '' , 1966 ) , Ironside , and The Bold Ones : The Senator . His later career helped pioneer the concept of `` thirty-second attention span '' pacing over detailed content in his dramatizations of Rita Hayworth , Calamity Jane , and the Kent State shootings for which he won the Emmy . During his Hollywood career , he directed Paul Newman , Robert De Niro , Robert Shaw , James Garner , Richard Dreyfuss and Sidney Poitier and collaborated with composer and musician , Lalo Schifrin . He `` discovered '' Tiny Tim . In addition to his work in film and television , Goldstone was a longtime leader in the Director 's and Writers Guilds . In his later life , he taught both at Bennington College and in the masters program at Columbia University . During the 1990s he directed a number of theatrical productions in New England . He was also central in the establishment of National Public Radio presence in Vermont and was the moving force behind the creation of the Vermont Arts Council which named its award for new talent the James Goldstone Award . Goldstone was the son of Hollywood agent and early television producer , Jules Goldstone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058841511de266ec0e52355ff28362d2", "text": "Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully . Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f78c0cee0d55b5917b12ea9351c7f3d", "text": "1st Gemini Awards The 1st Gemini Awards were held in Toronto on 4 December 1986 to honour achievements in Canadian television . Gémeaux Award , the French version of the Gemini Awards were held for the first time this year as well . The 1985 television miniseries Anne of Green Gables was the most prominent winner . English-language television coverage of the ceremonies was originally scheduled for broadcast on CBC Television , but labour disruptions at that network forced the telecast to move to a syndicated arrangement of private television stations including Toronto 's Citytv . Unused cable channels in Montreal carried the broadcast in that city . The inaugural Gemini Awards were hosted by Second City Television performers Eugene Levy , Andrea Martin and Dave Thomas from the Metro Toronto Convention Centre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d48c36b52975f1106cdd29eadab34ae", "text": "Aquarius (astrology) Aquarius ( Greek : Ὑδροχόος Hydrokhoös , Latin : Aquārius ) is the eleventh astrological sign in the Zodiac , originating from the constellation Aquarius . The water carrier represented by the zodiacal constellation Aquarius is Ganymede , a beautiful Phrygian youth . Ganymede was the son of Tros , king of Troy ( according to Lucian , he was also the son of Dardanus ) . While tending to his father 's flocks on Mount Ida , Ganymede was spotted by Jupiter . The king of gods became enamored of the boy and flew down to the mountain in the form of a large bird , whisking Ganymede away to the heavens . Ever since , the boy has served as cupbearer to the gods . Ovid has Orpheus sing the tale : `` The king of the gods was once fired with love for Phrygian Ganymede , and when that happened Jupiter found another shape preferable to his own . Wishing to turn himself into a bird , he none the less scorned to change into any save that which can carry his thunderbolts . Then without delay , beating the air on borrowed pinions , he snatched away the shepherd of Ilium , who even now mixes the winecups , and supplies Jove with nectar , to the annoyance of Juno '' ( Metamorphoses X 154-160 ) . Aquarius is a summer constellation in the northern hemisphere , found near Pisces and Cetus . It is especially notable as the radiant for four meteor showers , the largest of which is the Delta Aquarid meteor shower in late July and early August . Under the tropical zodiac , the sun is in Aquarius typically between January 20 and February 18 , while under the Sidereal Zodiac , the sun is in Aquarius from approximately February 15 to March 14 , depending on leap year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b42e4b3a031bb66f632ae13a98456cf", "text": "James Marvel James Marvel is a stage director known for traditional and avant-garde stagings of operatic productions . Marvel was born and raised in New Orleans and received a B.A. in World Literature from Sarah Lawrence College and Oxford University , and an M.F.A. in Theatre Arts from the International Actor Training Academy . He also studied at Charles University in Prague , Czech Republic . Marvel 's 2005 production of Igor Stravinsky 's The Rake 's Progress was deemed `` breathtakingly beautiful '' with `` stage tableaux that were both kinetic and visually striking '' by the San Francisco Chronicle . In November 2008 , Marvel made his Lincoln Center debut , directing a trilogy of one-act operas by Modest Mussorgsky , Ernst Krenek and Dmitri Shostakovich at the Juilliard School . Credits in the United States include shows at Florence Gould Hall in New York City ; The Kimmel Center of Philadelphia ; The Huntington Theatre of Boston ; The Yerba Buena Center in San Francisco ; and the Bing Theatre in Los Angeles . Marvel 's international work has taken him to the 5th International Theatre Festival in Budapest , Hungary ; the Istropolitana Theatre Festival in Bratislava , Slovakia ; the Viola Stage in Prague , Czech Republic ; Teatr Wielki in Lodz , Poland ; the Edinburgh Festival in Scotland ; and the Wadham Theatre and Burton-Taylor Theatre in Oxford , England . Outside his work in opera , Marvel has played violin in numerous orchestras ; composed original music for professional theatre productions ; danced in pieces choreographed by members of the Martha Graham company ; and published critical and creative works in a variety of international journals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e25cff062c70fe814f184628bd42554", "text": "Mu Virginis Mu Virginis ( μ Vir , μ Virginis ) is a star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo . It has the traditional name Rijl al Awwa , which was derived from the Arabic رجل العوى rijl al - ` awwa ' : `` The foot of the barking ( dog ) '' . With an apparent visual magnitude of 3.88 , it is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye . The position of the star near the celestial equator means it is visible from most of the Earth . Based upon parallax measurements , Mu Virginis is located some 59.6 light years from the Sun . Rijl al Awwa is an F-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of F2 V , although it does show some evidence of being a more evolved star . It has an effective temperature of 6,751 K in its outer atmosphere . The estimated age of the star is 1.5 billion years , and it has a relatively high 47.0 km/s projected rotational velocity . A 1990 study of the star gave it a giant star classification , and modeled it with 1.7 times the mass of the Sun , 2.1 times the Sun 's radius , and shining with 9.8 times the Sun 's luminosity . Past observations of this star appear to show some indications of short term chromospheric variability as well as radial velocity variations . It has a candidate common proper motion companion at a projected separation of 770 AU . This object has a J band magnitude of 10.72 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c119f843505bcb57a0243a1b83d885", "text": "Virginids The Virginids are a meteor shower . There are many major and minor meteor shower streams that occur during the Virginid Complex , including the Alpha Virginids , Gamma Virginids , Eta Virginids , Theta Virginids , Iota Virginids , Lambda Virginids , Mu Virginids , Pi Virginids , and Psi Virginids , and March Virginids , emanating mostly from the constellation Virgo between February and May . Collectively , the shower normally lasts from late January to mid-April and into early May , peaking in March and April , with one to two meteors per hour on average . The main radiant shifts southeastwards from central Leo in late January to central Virgo near Spica in mid-May .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301cb3947d13ca9447bdd8ca08d2c00e", "text": "Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO . The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe . Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success . In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print . The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business . There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "231a190a6371b74ce3e790b65973e290", "text": "Delta Scuti variable A Delta Scuti variable ( sometimes termed dwarf cepheid ) is a variable star which exhibits variations in its luminosity due to both radial and non-radial pulsations of the star 's surface . The variables are important standard candles and have been used to establish the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud , globular clusters , open clusters , and the Galactic center . The variables follow a period-luminosity relation in certain passbands like other standard candles such as Cepheids . SX Phoenicis variables are generally considered to be a subclass of Delta Scuti variables that contain old stars , and can be found in globular clusters . SX Phe variables also follow a period-luminosity relation . The recently discovered Rapidly oscillating Ap stars are also a subclass of Delta Scuti variables , found on the main sequence . One last sub-class are the pre-main sequence ( PMS ) Delta Scuti variables . The OGLE and MACHO surveys have detected nearly 3000 Delta Scuti variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud . Typical brightness fluctuations are from 0.003 to 0.9 magnitudes in V over a period of a few hours , although the amplitude and period of the fluctuations can vary greatly . The stars are usually A0 to F5 type giant or main sequence stars . The high-amplitude Delta Scuti variables are also called AI Velorum stars . They are the second most abundant variable source in the Milky Way after white dwarfs . Delta Scuti stars exhibit both radial and non-radial luminosity pulsations . Non-radial pulsations are when some parts of the surface move inwards and some outward at the same time . Radial pulsations are a special case , where the star expands and contracts around its equilibrium state by altering the radius to maintain its spherical shape . The variations are due to the swelling and shrinking of the star through the Eddington Valve ( or Kappa ) Mechanism . The stars have a helium rich atmosphere . As helium is heated it becomes more ionised , which is more opaque . So at the dimmest part in the cycle the star has highly ionised opaque helium in its atmosphere blocking part of the light from escaping . The energy from this `` blocked light '' causes the helium to heat up , expand , ionise , become more transparent and therefore allow more light through . As more light is let through the star appears brighter and , with the expansion , the helium begins to cool down . Hence the helium contracts and heats up again and the cyclical process continues . Throughout their lifetime Delta Scuti stars exhibit pulsation when they are situated on the classical Cepheid instability strip . They then move across from the main sequence into the giant branch . The prototype of these sorts of variable stars is Delta Scuti , which exhibits brightness fluctuations from +4.60 to +4.79 in apparent magnitude with a period of 4.65 hours . Other well known Delta Scuti variables include Altair , Denebola ( β Leonis ) and β Cassiopeiae . Vega ( α Lyrae ) is a suspected Delta Scuti variable , but this remains unconfirmed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "410d0164e2850a86889bacf3eeca95e6", "text": "James, brother of Jesus James ( Hebrew : יעקב Ya'akov ; Greek Ἰάκωβος Iákōbos , can also be Anglicized as Jacob ) , who died in martyrdom in 62 or 69 AD , was an important figure of the Apostolic Age . Other epithets used to refer to James include James the Just , or a variation of James , brother of the Lord . Roman Catholic tradition generally holds that this James is to be identified with James , son of Alphaeus , and James the Less . It is agreed by most that he should not be confused with James , son of Zebedee . Catholics and Orthodox , as well as some Anglicans and Lutherans , believe in the perpetual virginity of Mary ; they teach that James , along with others named in the New Testament as `` brothers '' of Jesus , were not the biological children of Mary , but were possibly cousins of Jesus or step-brothers from a previous marriage of Joseph .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ebd1277451958a5b098f3c027fbb751", "text": "Aquarius (U.S. TV series) Aquarius is an American period crime drama television series created by John McNamara for NBC . The show aired from May 28 , 2015 , to September 10 , 2016 . In 2015 , the series was among seven others to receive the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Most Exciting New Series . On October 1 , 2016 , NBC cancelled the series after two seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfae7907d472e4910c27e11f002f25b7", "text": "James Batman James Batman is a 1966 Filipino Batman/James Bond cinematic spoof produced by Jose O. Vera and released by Sampaguita Pictures . It stars the Philippine comedian Dolphy as Batman and James Bond and Boy Alano as `` Rubin '' ( Robin ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7fbe0895398c9e59b974abad9fdde959	Parting Glances is art.	[ { "docid": "b955d2a54e23c01d883f4b09a9019e7b", "text": "Parting Glances Parting Glances is an American film shot in 1984 and released in 1986 . With its realistic look at urban gay life in the Ronald Reagan era and at the height of the AIDS crisis , many film critics consider it an important movie in the history of gay cinema . It was also one of the first American films to address the AIDS pandemic . First-time director Bill Sherwood died of complications due to AIDS in 1990 without ever completing another film .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8eb962b5a7d7930e047884d888b97b0f", "text": "Social practice (art) Social practice is an art medium that focuses on engagement through human interaction and social discourse . Since it is people and their relationships that form the medium of such works -- rather than a particular process of production -- social engagement is not only a part of a work 's organization , execution or continuation , but also an aesthetic in itself : of interaction and development . Socially engaged art aims to create social and/or political change through collaboration with individuals , communities , and institutions in the creation of participatory art . The discipline values the process of a work over any finished product or object . Artists working in social practice co-create their work with a specific audience or propose critical interventions within existing social systems that inspire debate or catalyze social exchange . The large overlap between social practice and pedagogy demonstrates the need for art education to embrace collaborative practice . Social practice work focuses on the interaction between the audience , social systems , and the artist through aesthetics , ethics , collaboration , methodology , antagonism , media strategies , and social activism . The social interaction component inspires , drives , or , in some instances , completes the project . Although projects may incorporate traditional studio media , they are realized in a variety of visual or social forms ( depending on variable contexts and participant demographics ) such as performance , social activism , or mobilizing communities towards a common goal . The diversity of approaches pose specific challenges for documenting social practice work , as the aesthetic of human interaction changes rapidly and involves many people simultaneously . Consequently , images frequently fail to do justice to the engagement and interactions that take place during a project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cded0b55fbfce3652c4d44b953f360f8", "text": "Studio Wall Studio Wall ( 1872 ) is an oil painting by the German artist Adolph Menzel , now in the collection of the Hamburger Kunsthalle . It is considered one of the `` masterpieces of Menzel 's maturity '' , and the artist deemed it his best painting . The painting depicts a red colored wall of the artist 's studio at night , upon which are hung a series of plaster casts illuminated from below . The casts include portrait busts , death masks and life masks of friends of the artist , children , classical personae such as Dante , Schiller , and possibly Goethe or Wagner , a dog , and male and female torsos ; art historian Werner Hofmann saw this assemblage as a conscious blurring of `` the dividing line between fame and anonymity . '' Numerous commentators have noted that the array of dramatically lit casts `` convey an uncanny impression of quasi-animateness . '' Studio Wall was preceded by a work of the same title painted in 1852 , an oil on paper now in the Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin . That painting features casts of two arms and a separate hand , the arms arranged so as to suggest a relationship to a body from which they have been removed . Studio Wall is also seen as related to Menzel 's larger painting Iron Rolling Mill ( 1872 -- 1875 ) , for which it may have served as a study in dramatic lighting , yet it has greater import than that of a merely preparatory exercise , and may have functioned as a kind of memorial : the central death mask is that of the artist 's friend Friedrich Eggers , the first critic sympathetic to Menzel 's work . Eggers died in August 1872 , and the painting is dated from October of that year . A contemplation on the transience of life , Studio Wall is also a bravura piece of alla prima painting . Interpretations of the work vary greatly . For art historian Julius Meier-Graefe , Studio Wall was a harmonious example of pictorial unity ; to the contrary , Hofmann saw the painting as a `` coded manifesto '' , a rejection by Menzel of academic canons in favor of an aesthetic that celebrated the fragmentary and disjointed , and symbolic of the triumph of painting over sculpture . Fried rejects Hofman 's view of fragmentariness and anti-academicism , seeing the picture as a structured composition of objects arranged in successive rows . For Fried the likeliest allegorical meaning would be the sublimation of tangible existence to that of `` phantasmagorias '' , a world inhabited by ghosts in the form of plaster casts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ce0a2e61a0f9c17f64e1bcb06def7e7", "text": "Tagelied The Tagelied ( dawn song ) is a particular form of mediaeval German-language lyric , taken and adapted from the Provençal troubadour tradition ( in which it was known as the alba ) by the German Minnesinger . Often in three verses , it depicts the separation of two lovers at the break of day . An especially popular version of the Tagelied was the Wächterlied , or watchman 's song , in which a trusted watchman warns the knight to depart . This form was introduced into German use by Wolfram von Eschenbach . The form was popular in German-speaking regions from the 13th to the 16th centuries . The form of the Wechsel ( alternating verses by the knight and the lady , but not addressed directly to each other , so not quite a dialogue as now understood ) was introduced by Dietmar von Aist and Heinrich von Morungen . The tagelied 's form and prosody varies over time and with individual poet . The tagelied does not even consistently use refrains . However , the subject matter of the song made it a very popular one , and the form 's conventions showed up in other lyric poetry and dramatic poetry . Important motifs of the Tagelied are the depiction of daybreak , the warning to depart , the lament at parting and the lady 's final permission to the knight to go ( the urloup ) . Shakespeare 's Romeo and Juliet , act 2 , scene 2 , shows the influence of the dawn song as well , as the two lovers argue over the dawn and the need for departure . Particular exponents of the genre were among others Heinrich von Morungen , Wolfram von Eschenbach , Walther von der Vogelweide and later Oswald von Wolkenstein . Modern poets who have drawn on the tradition of the Tagelied include Rainer Maria Rilke , Ezra Pound and Peter Rühmkorf . One of Wolfram von Eschenbach 's more famous Tagelieder stays true to the motifs of depictions of daybreak , warning to depart and lament at parting and the woman 's final permission . The poem begins with a depiction of daybreak and the watchman 's whistle that warns the lovers that the man must depart . What separates this poem from the rest of Wolframs poems is his poetic depiction of daybreak as a monster whose `` talons have struck through the clouds '' and are tearing the lovers apart . This violent imagery adds a sense of desperation not seen in other Tagelieder . The man mourns the fact that he must leave and is angry at the watchman 's song that `` swells the man with discontent . '' The woman also laments the sound of the whistle , telling the watchman ```` sing what you like , how often you have stolen him from my arms though never from my heart . '' She then asks her lover to stay until she finally , after one last embrace , accepts his departure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e98b17573fc9b62d0f91d23932fc86c4", "text": "Look-alike A look-alike , or double , is a person who closely resembles another person . In popular Western culture , a look-alike is a person who bears a close physical resemblance to a celebrity , politician , or member of royalty . Many look-alikes earn a living by making guest appearances at public events or by performing on television or film , playing the person they resemble . A large variety of celebrity look-alike images can be found throughout the web , including images placed by professional agencies that offer their services . Look-alikes have also figured prominently , at least since the 19th century , in literature ; and since the 20th century , in films and television programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b677095914166d84be3b2e7f7b77d22b", "text": "Books of the Art Books of the Art or The Art Trilogy is an incomplete trilogy of novels by Clive Barker , of which only the first two have been published . The first book , The Great and Secret Show , was first published in 1989 and was followed by the second book , Everville , in 1994 . The third book has yet to be written and there is currently no schedule for its release . Of plans for the third book , Barker has stated that the book will be `` a big book when it comes '' and that he wants to write it with `` as much feeling as possible . '' The trilogy has been cited as an example of Barker 's use of magic as a motif to `` comment upon the work of the creator of art '' and Barker himself has used the term to describe transformative magic that is used as `` windows through which to glimpse the miraculous '' . The series thus far has been compared to J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a2c9a058abfff66d20097a80d506fe0", "text": "Miles Richmond Miles Peter Richmond ( 19 December 1922 -- 7 October 2008 ) was a British artist . Born Peter Richmond , in Isleworth , Middlesex , he added the name Miles in the 1980s , and became generally known as such . From 1940 to 1943 he attended Kingston School of Art , and then , as a conscientious objector worked on the land . This caused a rift with his father , an Admiralty engineer , and was thought by his intimates to account , at least in part , for the palpable emotional depth and passion of his paintings . In 1946 , he began training at the Borough Polytechnic in Southwark ( now London South Bank University ) , under David Bomberg , and in the same year he became a founder member of the influential Borough Group of artists . Fellow members included the Group 's founding president , Cliff Holden , Dorothy Mead and Dennis Creffield . In 1952 , he and his first wife , Eleanor ( later Susanna ) Richmond moved to Aix-en-Provence , France , and in 1954 to Ronda , Andalusia , Spain , where he lived and worked for over twenty years . At various times he taught art at Portsmouth Polytechnic and Morley College in London , where his students included Tatiana Litvinov , daughter of Joseph Stalin 's one-time Foreign Minister . Other students included Nigel Caple ( whom Richmond met at Portsmouth Polytechnic , and where Richmond came into severe conflict with marxists who were then dominant in the art department ) and Rosie Skaife d'Ingerthorpe , who had graduated from Goldsmiths College . He moved back to Britain in 1979 , later taking up residence in North Yorkshire , where he painted , exhibited and taught . Students came to train with him on study leave , especially from St Albans College of Art , later part of Hertfordshire University . In 1994 , he moved to Middlesbrough with his second wife Miranda , where he painted until his death . His final exhibition of paintings opened on 7 November 2008 at the Boundary Gallery in north London ; it included a room of his early works and a room of his last paintings . Richmond had a strong spiritual sense , regarding painting as similar to prayer , and nurtured a lifelong determination never to become what he called a `` dealer 's artist '' . A month before his death he published a letter in The Guardian very critical of a materialistic ethos in contemporary western art , provoked by the auction at Sotheby 's of work by Damien Hirst .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56117c0c6e91dbc8cde00ed1a14fd6de", "text": "Parting phrase Parting phrases , which are valedictions used to acknowledge the parting of individuals or groups of people from each other , are elements of parting traditions . Parting phrases are specific to culture and situation , and vary based on the social status and relationship of the persons involved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5484c6438f5037b7d05bf69849cc2e77", "text": "The Art of Letting Go `` The Art of Letting Go '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey for her fourteenth studio album , Me . I Am Mariah ... The Elusive Chanteuse ( 2014 ) . It was written and produced by Carey and Rodney `` Darkchild '' Jerkins , and premiered via Facebook on November 11 , 2013 , as the second single from the album , following a digital release the same day worldwide . Jermaine Dupri , Carey 's longtime collaborator and her then-manager , had the idea to premiere the song via Facebook to attract her die hard fans , however , Carey faced problems when an unmastered version of the song was uploaded in place of its final mix , leading the singer to premiere the intended version hours later with an apology and explanation . `` The Art of Letting Go '' is an orchestral old-school R&B song , with influences of gospel music , having piano , strings and guitar as its main instrumentation . Lyrically , the song talks about the art and the power of letting go of people and things that are not good in our lives , which can be hurtful and difficult , but extremely necessary . The song received largely positive reviews from music critics , who compared the song to her debut single , `` Vision of Love '' ( 1990 ) , while also praising its minimalistic production and her vocals towards the end of the song . Despite the positive response , the song failed to impact the charts elsewhere , reaching the low regions of the countries it charted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2ccb39b1d795c2ac8c797ac5300bf4f", "text": "Tomasz Rut Tomasz Rut ( pronounced root ) was born in 1961 and raised in Warsaw , Poland , the son of an Olympic athlete father and artist mother who together encouraged a love of art and the classics . During his childhood Rut was introduced to the Pompeiien Frescos as well as Renaissance and Baroque art , which have influenced his oils on canvas , murals , and graphic works . Rut had his first showing in Warsaw at the age of eleven . Trained in Art Conservation at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw , Rut continued his education in New York City at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and at Columbia University in Manhattan . He eventually took a job in art conservation for the Biltmore House in Asheville , North Carolina , traveling the east coast restoring large scale murals in museums and mansions for such clients as the Smithsonian Institution and the U.S. Treasury Department in Washington , DC , the New Jersey State House in Trenton , the Gusman Center for the Arts and Vizcaya Museum in Miami . It was during these travels he began to notice the void of figurative paintings from the past that one could purchase , so Rut invented a style aimed at filling this void . This style incorporated cracked canvasses that mimic aged Italian frescoes and figurative oils . `` The one element evident in all of my paintings is the superficial patina or aging , '' which is created with a variety of transparent and semitransparent glazes , giving each work the aged and classic appearance that exemplifies Rut 's style . Rut 's mural size paintings are contemporary conversions of the classical vocabulary variously continued by Michelangelo , Raphael , Titian , and Rubens . In making them he returns to antiquity by a double detour . First , he sets in motion the charming unreal apparatus of the Quattrocento mise-en-scene , and more importantly its heroic nudity , vigorous modeling , expressive anatomic structure , powerful movement and fascinating physiognomy . Tinged with sadness , his super-human youths play once more on Arcadian pipes ( i.e. pan flute ) - a motif also reprised by Matisse . Alternatively , he offers us impossible delicate , gracile females - ` still unravished bride ( s ) of quietness ' - delimiting them with sylvan togas and braided tresses . Nor does he leave rearing steeds , which in the grand manner represent humanity 's turbulent passions . Dorothy Keane-White , Art Curator & Director for Northwood University . The subjects of Rut 's paintings , whether a figure , horse , or object , is at the center of every work , surrounded by compressed space with few background details to distract from the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ebda6ea41cf4955ae86cf6f87384189", "text": "Artist's statement An artist 's statement ( or artist statement ) is an artist 's written description of their work . The brief verbal representation is for , and in support of , his or her own work to give the viewer understanding . As such it aims to inform , connect with an art context , and present the basis for the work ; it is therefore didactic , descriptive , or reflective in nature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97110922d6e385c1c5fc5a03650b67de", "text": "Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term . The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective . Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96720151a66d64c7483a386c3819d80", "text": "Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers . Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection . In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate . The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) . One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk . The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ad540318bbd0c5affc36c43a79fc1f8", "text": "Modern allegorism Modern Allegorism is a school of fine art in which the artist uses contemporary elements in an allegorical style to communicate a positive and uplifting message to the viewer . The term was first used in print in a book published in 2007 titled Tarnowski : Modern Allegories about the work of artist Glen Tarnowski . Tarnowski coined the term to describe artwork that communicated to a modern world in the same way that Renaissance artists communicated values , ethics and morality to the largely illiterate population of the time . The three subgenres of Modern Allegorism include whimsical , inspirational/spiritual , and paradoxical . These subgenres describe the mechanism through which the artist conveys the message . Whimsical modern allegories use humor in a non-critical fashion to encourage the viewer to question their own perspectives and behavior . Inspirational/spiritual modern allegories attempt to inspire the viewer to believe in their own abilities and trust their innate gifts . Paradoxical modern allegories position common elements in ways that are contrary to the viewer 's expectation in order to encourage the viewer to evaluate the commonplace and see their own preconceptions in a new light . Category : Art genres", "title": "" }, { "docid": "076b37b3f62cb6f284b92ca392de7470", "text": "The Fortune Teller (de La Tour) The Fortune Teller is an oil painting of circa 1630 by the French artist Georges de La Tour . The work was uncovered in about 1960 and purchased that year by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York . François Georges Pariset described the painting in The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin , attributing it to La Tour -- a likely choice given the calligraphic signature at top right : `` G. de La Tour Fecit Luneuilla Lothar '' ( `` G -LSB- eorges -RSB- de La Tour made this , Lunéville , Lorraine '' ) . Its authenticity has been questioned in the intervening years , notably by the English art historian Christopher Wright , but The Fortune Teller is generally accepted as La Tour 's work . The artist is better known for his chiaroscuro religious compositions , in which the figures are illuminated by a single light source and lack the elaborate costume detail of the The Fortune Teller 's characters . The painting catches a moment in which a young man of some wealth is having his fortune told by the old woman at right ; she takes the coin from his hand , not only in payment , but as part of the ritual in which she will cross his hand with it . Most or all of the women portrayed are gypsies , and , furthering the stereotype of the time , they are depicted as thieves . As the young man is engrossed in the fortune-telling -- an act which , if discovered , would have repercussions for both him and the gypsies -- the leftmost woman is stealing the coin purse from his pocket , while her companion in profile has a hand ready to receive the loot . The pale-faced girl on the boy 's left is less clearly a gypsy , but is also in on the act as she cuts a medal worn by the boy from its chain . The figures in the painting are close together , as if in a play , and the composition may have been influenced by a theatrical scene . The modern discovery of the painting is said to be traced to a French prisoner of war who viewed La Tour 's works in a monograph and found a likeness with a painting hung in a relative 's castle . A knowledgeable priest identified it as a La Tour work and informed the Louvre , which entered negotiations to buy the painting . The art dealer Georges Wildenstein outbid the museum , however , purchasing the painting in 1949 for 7.5 million francs . For a decade it remained with the dealer , until in 1960 the Metropolitan Museum of Art paid an undisclosed but `` very high sum of money '' for The Fortune Teller . How the painting had been able to leave France became a matter of controversy in the French press , and the writer André Malraux , then French Minister of Culture , attempted to explain to the National Assembly why the work did not end up in the Louvre . It later emerged that the export licence was signed by the art historian Germain Bazin , who was head of old master paintings at the Louvre ; Wright speculates that he had sufficient doubt about the work not to want it for the Louvre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03587943b979a2faf8196ba2f315a4dd", "text": "Pony Da Look Pony Da Look is keyboard-based band from Toronto , Ontario , Canada . The band members are Temple Bates ( composer/keyboards/vocals ) , Amy Bowles ( lyrics/vocals/keyboards ) , Catherine Stockhausen ( keyboards/vocals ) , and Rob Gordon ( drums ) . Former members include Rebecca Mendoza ( drums ) . This Toronto band 's unusual sound has been described as `` medieval ghost pop '' , `` sexy robot make-out music '' and `` ABBA and the B-52 's meets a history of organ music '' , though the band members themselves prefer `` four gargoyles spewing juices from our throats '' . Pony Da Look released their first self-titled album in 2001 , then followed it up with The Forcefield Weakens in 2003 . The two releases combined attracted attention from Canadian music major players like Polaris Music Prize winner Owen Pallett ( Final Fantasy ) , Joel Gibb ( The Hidden Cameras ) and Sloan . Sloan signed Pony Da Look to their label Murderecords in 2007 and released Shattered Dimensions in 2008 . Though artistically diverse , Pony Da Look and Sloan have been fans and friends of each other for years . Rebecca Mendoza and Sloan 's Chris Murphy celebrated the birth of their son Francisco in 2007 . Bowles and Bates continue to paint and exhibit regularly . Mendoza is a modern dancer and choreographer Stockhausen is a TV producer and photographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7952171efe42dd67430ad943e348a789", "text": "Style (visual arts) In the visual arts , style is a '' ... distinctive manner which permits the grouping of works into related categories '' . or '' ... any distinctive , and therefore recognizable , way in which an act is performed or an artifact made or ought to be performed and made '' . It refers to the visual appearance of a work of art that relates it to other works by the same artist or one from the same period , training , location , `` school '' , art movement or archaeological culture : `` The notion of style has long been the art historian 's principal mode of classifying works of art . By style he selects and shapes the history of art '' . Style is often divided into the general style of a period , country or cultural group , group of artists or art movement , and the individual style of the artist within that group style . Divisions within both types of styles are often made , such as between `` early '' , `` middle '' or `` late '' . In some artists , such as Picasso for example , these divisions may be marked and easy to see , in others they are more subtle . Style is seen as usually dynamic , in most periods always changing by a gradual process , though the speed of this varies greatly , between the very slow development in style typical of prehistoric art or ancient Egyptian art to the rapid changes in modern art styles . Style often develops in a series of jumps , with relatively sudden changes followed by periods of slower development . After dominating academic discussion in art history in the 19th and early 20th centuries , so-called `` style art history '' has come under increasing attack in recent decades , and many art historians now prefer to avoid stylistic classifications where they can .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93a2e75f9cc79959b986660666cc72c9", "text": "Portrait of Louis Guillaume Portrait of Louis Guillaume is an oil on canvas portrait by Paul Cézanne painted c. 1882 . Guillaume was the son of friends of the artist and a friend of Cézanne 's son , Paul . Here he is portrayed in a highly sculpted manner with a near-expressionless , uncommunicative face , and an immobile , lifeless body . In form and complexity , the painting is ahead of its time . It contains many abstractions , mostly in its presentation of the head and body as simple , solid shapes , a technique later taken up and developed by Henri Matisse . The work 's low-key colours , mostly greys , whites and dark greens , achieve a sombre tone , echoed by the shy reserve on the boy 's face . While his skin is rendered with pearly white paint , giving the surface a lively sheen or glow , this contrasts with his black , severely cropped hair and dark clothes , while his eyes are only black hollows . Heavy-lidded , they are , according to art critic Meyer Schapiro , `` without spiritual light ... they belong to a world of shadow . '' One critic famously wrote that Cézanne painted the heads of friends as if they were apples , and that sense of cool detachment is evident in this work . Its formal qualities are reminiscent of a still-life or landscape , however while at first look there is evidence of the artist 's awareness of the `` abyss between human beings '' , there are signs of hope and connection in the delicately rendered tones of the cheeks , the ornament of the wall , the folds of the dress , and the cravat which echoes the verticals of the folds of the face and wall . The painting was purchased by Ambroise Vollard by 1906 . It was sold to a Florentine collector c 1907 before it was sold in 1927 to Chester Dale in New York . In 1963 Dale donated the work to the National Gallery of Art in Washington , D.C. where it is on permanent display .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea92bb15b1a92c5288aab32b566ca40d", "text": "Parting Parting may refer to : Parting ( film ) , a 2016 Afghan film Parting.com , funeral home directory Parting tradition Cleavage ( crystal ) #Parting Won `` PartinG '' Lee-sak , professional StarCraft II player", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b932a1d6960c6ddd9ea18ffdc2b936d1", "text": "Conceptual art Conceptual art , sometimes simply called conceptualism , is art in which the concept ( s ) or idea ( s ) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic , technical , and material concerns . Some works of conceptual art , sometimes called installations , may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions . This method was fundamental to American artist Sol LeWitt 's definition of Conceptual art , one of the first to appear in print : Tony Godfrey , author of Conceptual Art ( Art & Ideas ) ( 1998 ) , asserts that conceptual art questions the nature of art , a notion that Joseph Kosuth elevated to a definition of art itself in his seminal , early manifesto of conceptual art , `` Art after Philosophy '' ( 1969 ) . The notion that art should examine its own nature was already a potent aspect of the influential art critic Clement Greenberg 's vision of Modern art during the 1950s . With the emergence of an exclusively language-based art in the 1960s , however , conceptual artists such as Joseph Kosuth , Lawrence Weiner and the English Art & Language group began a far more radical interrogation of art than was previously possible ( see below ) . One of the first and most important things they questioned was the common assumption that the role of the artist was to create special kinds of material objects . Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s , in popular usage , particularly in the UK , `` conceptual art '' came to denote all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture . It could be said that one of the reasons why the term `` conceptual art '' has come to be associated with various contemporary practices far removed from its original aims and forms lies in the problem of defining the term itself . As the artist Mel Bochner suggested as early as 1970 , in explaining why he does not like the epithet `` conceptual '' , it is not always entirely clear what `` concept '' refers to , and it runs the risk of being confused with `` intention . '' Thus , in describing or defining a work of art as conceptual it is important not to confuse what is referred to as `` conceptual '' with an artist 's `` intention . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
971c239acd2ce4e7b5944b374a0288fe	96.5% of Earth is covered in water.	[ { "docid": "122401e0d101eb8cbcee50e425d116e4", "text": "Water Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth 's streams , lakes , and oceans , and the fluids of most living organisms . Its chemical formula is H2O , meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms , that are connected by covalent bonds . Water strictly refers to the liquid state of that substance , that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure ; but it often refers also to its solid state ( ice ) or its gaseous state ( steam or water vapor ) . It also occurs in nature as snow , glaciers , ice packs and icebergs , clouds , fog , dew , aquifers , and atmospheric humidity . Water covers 71 % of the Earth 's surface . It is vital for all known forms of life . On Earth , 96.5 % of the planet 's crust water is found in seas and oceans , 1.7 % in groundwater , 1.7 % in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland , a small fraction in other large water bodies , and 0.001 % in the air as vapor , clouds ( formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air ) , and precipitation . Only 2.5 % of this water is freshwater , and 98.8 % of that water is in ice ( excepting ice in clouds ) and groundwater . Less than 0.3 % of all freshwater is in rivers , lakes , and the atmosphere , and an even smaller amount of the Earth 's freshwater ( 0.003 % ) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products . A greater quantity of water is found in the earth 's interior . Water on Earth moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation and transpiration ( evapotranspiration ) , condensation , precipitation , and runoff , usually reaching the sea . Evaporation and transpiration contribute to the precipitation over land . Large amounts of water are also chemically combined or adsorbed in hydrated minerals . Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other lifeforms even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients . Access to safe drinking water has improved over the last decades in almost every part of the world , but approximately one billion people still lack access to safe water and over 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation . There is a clear correlation between access to safe water and gross domestic product per capita . However , some observers have estimated that by 2025 more than half of the world population will be facing water-based vulnerability . A report , issued in November 2009 , suggests that by 2030 , in some developing regions of the world , water demand will exceed supply by 50 % . Water plays an important role in the world economy . Approximately 70 % of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture . Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world . Much of long-distance trade of commodities ( such as oil and natural gas ) and manufactured products is transported by boats through seas , rivers , lakes , and canals . Large quantities of water , ice , and steam are used for cooling and heating , in industry and homes . Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances ; as such it is widely used in industrial processes , and in cooking and washing . Water is also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment , such as swimming , pleasure boating , boat racing , surfing , sport fishing , and diving .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "42012ef06515311c4798d6a964404d19", "text": "Sea surface temperature Sea surface temperature ( SST ) is the water temperature close to the ocean 's surface . The exact meaning of surface varies according to the measurement method used , but it is between 1 mm and 20 m below the sea surface . Air masses in the Earth 's atmosphere are highly modified by sea surface temperatures within a short distance of the shore . Localized areas of heavy snow can form in bands downwind of warm water bodies within an otherwise cold air mass . Warm sea surface temperatures are known to be a cause of tropical cyclogenesis over the Earth 's oceans . Tropical cyclones can also cause a cool wake , due to turbulent mixing of the upper 30 m of the ocean . SST changes diurnally , like the air above it , but to a lesser degree . There is less SST variation on breezy days than on calm days . In addition , ocean currents such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ( AMO ) , can effect SST 's on multi-decadal time scales , a major impact results from the global thermohaline circulation , which affects average SST significantly throughout most of the world 's oceans . Coastal SSTs can cause offshore winds to generate upwelling , which can significantly cool or warm nearby landmasses , but shallower waters over a continental shelf are often warmer . Onshore winds can cause a considerable warm-up even in areas where upwelling is fairly constant , such as the northwest coast of South America . Its values are important within numerical weather prediction as the SST influences the atmosphere above , such as in the formation of sea breezes and sea fog . It is also used to calibrate measurements from weather satellites .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc82e65fff809d5c1f127e386ca4c4cb", "text": "Hydrology Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement , distribution , and quality of water on Earth and other planets , including the water cycle , water resources and environmental watershed sustainability . A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist , working within the fields of earth or environmental science , physical geography , geology or civil and environmental engineering . Using various analytical methods and scientific techniques , they collect and analyze data to help solve water related problems such as environmental preservation , natural disasters , and water management . Hydrology subdivides into surface water hydrology , groundwater hydrology ( hydrogeology ) , and marine hydrology . Domains of hydrology include hydrometeorology , surface hydrology , hydrogeology , drainage-basin management and water quality , where water plays the central role . Oceanography and meteorology are not included because water is only one of many important aspects within those fields . Hydrological research can inform environmental engineering , policy and planning . The term hydrology comes from Greek : ὕδωρ , hýdōr , `` water '' ; and λόγος , lógos , `` study '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cdb1fba30cdcec830956be1269ac50e", "text": "100-year flood A one-hundred-year flood is a flood event that has a 1 % probability of occurring in any given year . The 100-year flood is also referred to as the 1 % flood , since its annual exceedance probability is 1 % . For river systems , the 100-year flood is generally expressed as a flowrate . Based on the expected 100-year flood flow rate , the flood water level can be mapped as an area of inundation . The resulting floodplain map is referred to as the 100-year floodplain . Estimates of the 100-year flood flowrate and other streamflow statistics for any stream in the United States are available . In the UK The Environment Agency publishes a comprehensive map of all areas at risk of a 1 in 100 year flood ( Flood zone 3 ) Areas near the coast of an ocean or large lake also can be flooded by combinations of tide , storm surge , and waves . Maps of the riverine or coastal 100-year floodplain may figure importantly in building permits , environmental regulations , and flood insurance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20bbada588f2df16e0c457f397676cb3", "text": "Habitat A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal , plant , or other type of organism . The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food , shelter , protection and mates for reproduction . It is the natural environment in which an organism lives , or the physical environment that surrounds a species population . A habitat is made up of physical factors such as soil , moisture , range of temperature , and light intensity as well as biotic factors such as the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators . Every organism has certain habitat needs for the conditions in which it will thrive , but some are tolerant of wide variations while others are very specific in their requirements . A habitat is not necessarily a geographical area , it can be the interior of a stem , a rotten log , a rock or a clump of moss , and for a parasitic organism it is the body of its host , part of the host 's body such as the digestive tract , or a single cell within the host 's body . Habitat types include polar , temperate , subtropical and tropical . The terrestrial vegetation type may be forest , steppe , grassland , semi-arid or desert . Fresh water habitats include marshes , streams , rivers , lakes , ponds and estuaries , and marine habitats include salt marshes , the coast , the intertidal zone , reefs , bays , the open sea , the sea bed , deep water and submarine vents . Habitats change over time . This may be due to a violent event such as the eruption of a volcano , an earthquake , a tsunami , a wildfire or a change in oceanic currents ; or the change may be more gradual over millennia with alterations in the climate , as ice sheets and glaciers advance and retreat , and as different weather patterns bring changes of precipitation and solar radiation . Other changes come as a direct result of human activities ; deforestation , the ploughing of ancient grasslands , the diversion and damming of rivers , the draining of marshland and the dredging of the seabed . The introduction of alien species can have a devastating effect on native wildlife , through increased predation , through competition for resources or through the introduction of pests and diseases to which the native species have no immunity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301ce2468a8c41a0769212c1e4dfb74a", "text": "Coral reef fish Coral reef fish are fish which live amongst or in close relation to coral reefs . Coral reefs form complex ecosystems with tremendous biodiversity . Among the myriad inhabitants , the fish stand out as colourful and interesting to watch . Hundreds of species can exist in a small area of a healthy reef , many of them hidden or well camouflaged . Reef fish have developed many ingenious specialisations adapted to survival on the reefs . Coral reefs occupy less than one percent of the surface area of the world oceans , but still they provide a home for 25 percent of all marine fish species . Reef habitats are a sharp contrast to the open water habitats that make up the other 99 % of the world oceans . However , loss and degradation of coral reef habitat , increasing pollution , and overfishing including the use of destructive fishing practices , are threatening the survival of the coral reefs and the associated reef fish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c9bde1fc0c87d22870a442a65b16c03", "text": "Oceanic plateau An oceanic or submarine plateau is a large , relatively flat elevation that is higher than the surrounding relief with one or more relatively steep sides . There are 184 oceanic plateaus covering an area of 18,486,600 km2 , or about 5.11 % of the oceans . The South Pacific region around Australia and New Zealand contains the greatest number of oceanic plateaus ( see map ) . Oceanic plateaus produced by large igneous provinces are often associated with hotspots , mantle plumes , and volcanic islands -- such as Iceland , Hawaii , Cape Verde , and Kerguelen . The three largest plateaus , the Caribbean , Ontong Java , and Mid-Pacific Mountains , are located on thermal swells . Other oceanic plateaus , however , are made of rifted continental crust , for example Falkland Plateau , Lord Howe Rise , and parts of Kerguelen , Seychelles , and Arctic ridges . Plateaus formed by large igneous provinces were formed by the equivalent of continental flood basalts such as the Deccan Traps in India and the Snake River Plain in the United States . In contrast to continental flood basalts , most igneous oceanic plateaus erupt through young and thin ( 6 - ) mafic or ultra-mafic crust and are therefore uncontaminated by felsic crust and representative for their mantle sources . These plateaus often rise 2 - above the surrounding ocean floor and are more buoyant than oceanic crust . They therefore tend to withstand subduction , more-so when thick and when reaching subduction zones shortly after their formations . As a consequence , they tend to `` dock '' to continental margins and be preserved as accreted terranes . Such terranes are often better preserved than the exposed parts of continental flood basalts and are therefore a better record of large-scale volcanic eruptions throughout Earth 's history . This `` docking '' also means that oceanic plateaus are important contributors to the growth of continental crust . Their formations often had a dramatic impact on global climate , such as the most recent plateaus formed , the three , large , Cretaceous oceanic plateaus in the Pacific and Indian Ocean : Ontong Java , Kerguelen , and Caribbean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c81db36e49c78362bcad812be009e2e3", "text": "Melt pond Melt ponds are pools of open water that form on sea ice in the warmer months of spring and summer . The ponds are also found on glacial ice and ice shelves . Ponds of melted water can also develop under the ice . Melt ponds are usually darker than the surrounding ice , and their distribution and size is highly variable . They absorb solar radiation rather than reflecting it as ice does and , thereby , have a significant influence on Earth 's radiation balance . This differential , which had not been scientifically investigated until recently , has a large effect on the rate of ice melting and the extent of ice cover . Melt ponds can melt through to the ocean 's surface . Seawater entering the pond increases the melt rate because the salty water of the ocean is warmer than the fresh water of the pond . The increase in salinity also depresses the water 's freezing point . Water from melt ponds over land surface can run into crevasses or moulins -- tubes leading under ice sheets or glaciers -- turning into meltwater . The water may reach the underlying rock . The effect is an increase in the rate of ice flow to the oceans , as the fluid behaves like a lubricant in the basal sliding of glaciers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bcf5d9ccc159af1a1811d6292f0588f", "text": "National Fish Habitat Partnership The National Fish Habitat Partnership ( NFHP ) is an attempt to conserve ( protect , restore , enhance ) freshwater , estuarine and marine waterways and fisheries in the United States . The National Fish Habitat Partnership was established as the National Fish Habitat Action Plan in 2006 . The National Partnership is the umbrella for 20 Fish Habitat Partnerships established across the country that focus on regions , species or systems ( example : Reservoirs ) . The Partnership has brought together fisheries professionals and other partners with a shared interest in restoring waterways and fisheries in the United States . This partnership is diverse and focused on achieving national awareness and obtaining resources for conserving fish habitats . There are a variety of on-the-ground projects that are coordinated through the Action Plan every year . However the Action Plan has a yearly initiative , called 10 `` Waters to Watch '' that focuses on 10 conservation projects through partnerships under NFHP . These waters represent a snapshot of this year 's voluntary habitat conservation efforts in progress . These and other locally driven conservation projects are prioritized and implemented by regional Fish Habitat Partnerships that have formed throughout the country to implement the National Fish Habitat Action Plan . The objective of the Action Plan is to conserve freshwater , estuarine and marine habitats essential to the many fish and wildlife species that call these areas home . The fish habitat partnerships , under the National Partnership , are composed of local and regional community groups , non-profit organizations , watershed groups , Native American tribes , local , state and federal agencies , and individuals all working to implement the National Fish Habitat Action Plan . Examples of conservation actions include planting stream-side vegetation important to sustaining the health of riparian and aquatic plants and animals , protecting and restoring fish passage and other voluntary measures that help avoid and minimize negative effects that could result from industrial and agriculture practices and livestock . The 10 `` Waters to Watch '' are representative of freshwater to marine habitats across the country including rivers , lakes , reservoirs and estuaries that benefit through the conservation efforts of these Fish Habitat Partnerships formed under the Action Plan -- a bold initiative implemented in 2006 to avoid and reverse persistent declines in our nation 's aquatic habitats . The initial Action Plan 's 10 `` Waters to Watch '' list was unveiled in 2007 . Since 2006 , the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has provided $ 16 million to support 341 on-the-ground Action Plan projects in 46 states , leveraging $ 40 million in partner match , to address the priorities of Fish Habitat Partnerships . Additional funds have been provided by several other State and Federal agencies and conservation organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a21e4458ccdd863d84672f128e91b436", "text": "Pelagic zone Any water in a sea or lake that is neither close to the bottom nor near the shore can be said to be in the pelagic zone . The word `` pelagic '' is derived . The pelagic zone can be thought of in terms of an imaginary cylinder or water column that goes from the surface of the sea almost to the bottom . Conditions differ deeper in the water column such that as pressure increases with depth , the temperature drops and less light penetrates . Depending on the depth , the water column , rather like the Earth 's atmosphere , may be divided into different layers . The pelagic zone occupies 1,330 million km3 ( 320 million mi3 ) with a mean depth of 3.68 km and maximum depth of 11 km . Fish that live in the pelagic zone are called pelagic fish . Pelagic life decreases with increasing depth . It is affected by light intensity , pressure , temperature , salinity , the supply of dissolved oxygen and nutrients , and the submarine topography , which is called bathymetry . In deep water , the pelagic zone is sometimes called the open-ocean zone and can be contrasted with water that is near the coast or on the continental shelf . In other contexts , coastal water not near the bottom is still said to be in the pelagic zone . The pelagic zone can be contrasted with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea . The benthic zone is the ecological region at the very bottom of the sea . It includes the sediment surface and some subsurface layers . Marine organisms living in this zone , such as clams and crabs , are called benthos . The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone . It can be significantly affected by the seabed and the life that lives there . Fish that live in the demersal zone are called demersal fish , and can be divided into benthic fish , which are denser than water so they can rest on the bottom , and benthopelagic fish , which swim in the water column just above the bottom . Demersal fish are also known as bottom feeders and groundfish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e776cc5cfaed0149fcf52066e462840b", "text": "Water mass An oceanographic water mass is identifiable body of water with a common formation history which has physical properties distinct from surrounding water . Properties include temperature , salinity , chemical - isotopic ratios , and other physical quantities . Water masses are generally distinguished not only by their respective tracers ( see above ) but also by their location in the Worlds ' oceans . Water masses are also distinguished by their vertical position , so that there are surface water masses , intermediate water masses and deep water masses . Common water masses in the world ocean are : Antarctic Bottom Water ( AABW ) , North Atlantic Deep Water ( NADW ) , Circumpolar Deep Water ( CDW ) , Antarctic Intermediate Water ( AAIW ) , Subantarctic Mode Water ( SAMW ) , Arctic Intermediate Water ( AIW ) , the central waters of various oceanic basins , and various ocean surface waters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4be90092881817860aa26094231fb782", "text": "Desalination Desalination is a process that extracts minerals from saline water . More generally , desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from a target substance , as in soil desalination , which is an issue for agriculture . Saltwater is desalinated to produce water suitable for human consumption or irrigation . One by-product of desalination is salt . Desalination is used on many seagoing ships and submarines . Most of the modern interest in desalination is focused on cost-effective provision of fresh water for human use . Along with recycled wastewater , it is one of the few rainfall-independent water sources . Due to its energy consumption , desalinating sea water is generally more costly than fresh water from rivers or groundwater , water recycling and water conservation . However , these alternatives are not always available and depletion of reserves is a critical problem worldwide . Currently , approximately 1 % of the world 's population is dependent on desalinated water to meet daily needs , but the UN expects that 14 % of the world 's population will encounter water scarcity by 2025 . Desalination is particularly relevant in dry countries such as Australia , which traditionally have relied on collecting rainfall behind dams for water . According to the International Desalination Association , in June 2015 , 18,426 desalination plants operated worldwide , producing 86.8 million cubic meters per day , providing water for 300 million people . This number increased from 78.4 million cubic meters in 2013 , a 10.71 % increase in 2 years . The single largest desalination project is Ras Al-Khair in Saudi Arabia , which produced 1,025,000 cubic meters per day in 2014 , although this plant is expected to be surpassed by a plant in California . Kuwait produces a higher proportion of its water than any other country , totaling 100 % of its water use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1e3e78c4e66fe4e699d8c06d644c04", "text": "Water on Earth Water on Earth may refer to : Origin of water on Earth Water distribution on Earth Category : Water", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad465a94b15f3b24572c674db0e409f", "text": "Laurentide Ice Sheet The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square kilometers , including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States , multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs -- from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present . < ref name = `` ICS2013 '' > </ref> The last advance covered most of northern North America between c. 95,000 and c. 20,000 years before the present day , and among other geomorphological effects , gouged out the five Great Lakes and the hosts of smaller lakes of the Canadian shield . These lakes extend from the eastern Northwest Territories , through most of northern Canada , and the upper Midwestern United States ( Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Michigan ) to the Finger Lakes , through Lake Champlain and Lake George areas of New York , across the northern Appalachians into and through all of New England and Nova Scotia . At times , the ice sheet 's southern margin included the present-day sites of northeastern coastal towns and cities such as Portsmouth , New Hampshire , Boston , New York City , and Great Lakes coastal cities and towns as far south as Chicago and St. Louis , Missouri -- and then followed quite precisely the present course of the Missouri River up to the northern slopes of the Cypress Hills , beyond which it merged with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet . The ice coverage extended approximately as far south as 38 degrees latitude in the mid-continent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0acab511641dba4ca1d247b96d028d1a", "text": "Maritime Continent Maritime Continent is the name given primarily by meteorologists and oceanographers to the region of Southeast Asia which comprises , amongst other countries , Indonesia , Philippines and Papua New Guinea . Located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans , it is situated within a warm ocean region known as the Tropical Warm Pool . The maritime continent consists of many islands , peninsulas and shallow seas . The region is significant in meteorology because it is considered the most important energy source region in the entire global circulation system owing to a number of coincident factors , the most significant being geographic location and topography , both of which contribute to the development of the Tropical Warm Pool , which is the warmest large area of ocean on Earth . Coined by Colin Ramage in 1968 , the name combines the terms maritime and continent normally used as opposites in the description of climate . Maritime air is humid , and continental air is dry . In the Southeast Asia region , land masses and bodies of water are , roughly-speaking , evenly distributed . Moreover , the land masses are characterized by high mountains , and the seas are among the warmest on the earth . This produces a widespread area of diurnal thunderstorms which pump huge quantities of moisture and heat high up into the atmosphere which in turn feeds the upper level winds which circle the globe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51802ea2dd8315259856dae72648587a", "text": "Humboldt Current The Humboldt Current System ( HCS ) , also called the Peru Current , is a major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystem that flows north along the western coast of South America . It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator , and extend 500-1 ,000 kilometers offshore . The Humboldt Current is named after the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt . In 1846 , von Humboldt reported measurements of the cold-water current in his book Cosmos . The current extends from the southern Chile ( ~ 45 'S ) to northern Peru ( ~ 4 'S ) where cold , upwelled waters intersect warm tropical waters to form the Equatorial Front . Sea surface temperatures off the coast of Peru , around 5 'S , reach temperatures as low as 16 ' C . This is highly uncharacteristic of tropical waters , as most other regions have temperatures measuring above 25 ' C. Upwelling brings nutrients to the surface , which support phytoplankton and ultimately increase biological productivity . Upwelling within the current is not uniform across the entire system . Three notable upwelling subsystems are produced by this current : i ) seasonal upwelling in Chile , ii ) upwelling `` shadow '' that is less productive , but still large in northern Chile and Southern Peru , and iii ) year-round upwelling in Peru . The Humboldt Current is considered a Class I , highly productive ( > 300 gC/m2-yr ) , ecosystem . It is the most productive eastern boundary current system . It accounts for roughly 18-20 % of the total worldwide marine fish catch . The species are mostly pelagic : sardines , anchovies and jack mackerel . The system 's high productivity supports other important fishery resources as well as marine mammals ( eared seals and cetaceans ) and seabirds . The cold , nutrient-rich water brought to the surface by upwelling drives the system 's extraordinary productivity.Periodically , the upwelling that drives the system 's productivity is disrupted by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) event . When this occurs , fish abundance and distribution are significantly affected , often leading to stock crashes and cascading social and economic impacts . These events have led to sequential changes , where sardines and anchovies have replaced each other periodically as the dominant species in the ecosystem . These species changes can have negative consequences for the fishing industry and the economies of the countries that fish the system . The Humboldt has a considerable cooling influence on the climate of Chile , Peru and Ecuador . It is also largely responsible for the aridity of Atacama Desert in northern Chile and coastal areas of Peru and also of the aridity of southern Ecuador . Marine air is cooled by the current and thus is not conducive to generating precipitation ( although clouds and fog are produced ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39ce65d493cd6537d40a859410219d7", "text": "Antarctic ice sheet The Antarctic ice sheet is one of the two polar ice caps of the Earth . It covers about 98 % of the Antarctic continent and is the largest single mass of ice on Earth . It covers an area of almost 14 e6km2 and contains 26.5 e6km3 of ice . Approximately 61 percent of all fresh water on the Earth is held in the Antarctic ice sheet , an amount equivalent to about 58 m of sea-level rise . In East Antarctica , the ice sheet rests on a major land mass , but in West Antarctica the bed can extend to more than 2,500 m below sea level . Much of the land in this area would be seabed if the ice sheet were not there . In contrast to the melting of the Arctic sea ice , sea ice around Antarctica was expanding . The reasons for this are not fully understood , but suggestions include the climatic effects on ocean and atmospheric circulation of the ozone hole , and/or cooler ocean surface temperatures as the warming deep waters melt the ice shelves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01e8bc0de045814cf556463bf33756ec", "text": "Shore A shore or a shoreline is the fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water , such as an ocean , sea , or lake . In physical oceanography , a shore is the wider fringe that is geologically modified by the action of the body of water past and present , while the beach is at the edge of the shore , representing the intertidal zone where there is one . In contrast to a coast , a shore can border any body of water , while the coast must border an ocean ; in that sense a coast is a type of shore ; however , coast often refers to an area far wider than the shore , often streaching miles into the interior . Shores are influenced by the topography of the surrounding landscape , as well as by water induced erosion , such as waves . The geological composition of rock and soil dictates the type of shore which is created .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7c7cf88ef01730456bf1861c60e07b3", "text": "Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun , orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days . It has the longest rotation period ( 243 days ) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets . It has no natural satellites . It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty . It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon , reaching an apparent magnitude of − 4.6 , bright enough to cast shadows at night and , though rare , occasionally be visible in broad daylight . Because Venus orbits within Earth 's orbit it is an inferior planet and never appears to venture far from the Sun ; its maximum angular distance from the Sun ( elongation ) is 47.8 ° . Venus is a terrestrial planet and is sometimes called Earth 's `` sister planet '' because of their similar size , mass , proximity to the Sun , and bulk composition . It is radically different from Earth in other respects . It has the densest atmosphere of the four terrestrial planets , consisting of more than 96 % carbon dioxide . The atmospheric pressure at the planet 's surface is 92 times that of Earth , or roughly the pressure found 900 m underwater on Earth . Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System , with a mean surface temperature of 735 K , even though Mercury is closer to the Sun . Venus is shrouded by an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid , preventing its surface from being seen from space in visible light . It may have had water oceans in the past , but these would have vaporized as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect . The water has probably photodissociated , and the free hydrogen has been swept into interplanetary space by the solar wind because of the lack of a planetary magnetic field . Venus 's surface is a dry desertscape interspersed with slab-like rocks and is periodically resurfaced by volcanism . As one of the brightest objects in the sky , Venus has been a major fixture in human culture for as long as records have existed . It has been made sacred to gods of many cultures , and has been a prime inspiration for writers and poets as the `` morning star '' and `` evening star '' . Venus was the first planet to have its motions plotted across the sky , as early as the second millennium BC . As the closest planet to Earth , Venus has been a prime target for early interplanetary exploration . It was the first planet beyond Earth visited by a spacecraft ( Mariner 2 in 1962 ) , and the first to be successfully landed on ( by Venera 7 in 1970 ) . Venus 's thick clouds render observation of its surface impossible in visible light , and the first detailed maps did not emerge until the arrival of the Magellan orbiter in 1991 . Plans have been proposed for rovers or more complex missions , but they are hindered by Venus 's hostile surface conditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53e86b7fc730c0017e8a07d32a271fa7", "text": "Properties of water Water is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid , nearly colorless with a hint of blue . This simplest hydrogen chalcogenide is by far the most studied chemical compound and is described as the `` universal solvent '' for its ability to dissolve many substances . This allows it to be the `` solvent of life '' . It is the only common substance to exist as a solid , liquid , and gas in nature . Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and are strongly polar . This polarity allows it to separate ions in salts and strongly bond to other polar substances such as alcohols and acids , thus dissolving them . Its hydrogen bonding causes its many unique properties , such as having a solid form less dense than its liquid form , a relatively high boiling point of 100 ° C for its molar mass , and a high heat capacity . Water is amphoteric , meaning it is both an acid and a base -- it produces and ions by self ionization . This regulates the concentrations of and ions in water . Due to water being a very good solvent , it is rarely pure and some of the properties of impure water can vary from those of the pure substance . However , there are also many compounds that are essentially , if not completely , insoluble in water , such as fats , oils and other non-polar substances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5b51fd1bd9c320283107ace1793ba19", "text": "Geography of Antarctica The geography of Antarctica is dominated by its south polar location and , thus , by ice . The Antarctic continent , located in the Earth 's southern hemisphere , is centered asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle . It is washed by the Southern ( or Antarctic ) Ocean or , depending on definition , the southern Pacific , Atlantic , and Indian Oceans . It has an area of more than 14 million km ² . Some 98 % of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet , the world 's largest ice sheet and also its largest reservoir of fresh water . Averaging at least 1.6 km thick , the ice is so massive that it has depressed the continental bedrock in some areas more than 2.5 km below sea level ; subglacial lakes of liquid water also occur ( e.g. , Lake Vostok ) . Ice shelves and rises populate the ice sheet on the periphery .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5761536f45eb776dc1242ff6e00f5047	Pregnancy symptoms include tender breasts.	[ { "docid": "ec65563be39009a676be6a1bd0b97e0e", "text": "Pregnancy Pregnancy , also known as gestation , is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman . A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring , such as with twins . Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology . Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period ( LMP ) . This is just over nine lunar months , where each month is about 29 1/2 days . When measured from conception it is about 38 weeks . An embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following conception , after which , the term fetus is used until birth . Symptoms of early pregnancy may include missed periods , tender breasts , nausea and vomiting , hunger , and frequent urination . Pregnancy may be confirmed with a pregnancy test . Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters . The first trimester is from week one through 12 and includes conception . Conception is when the sperm fertilizes the egg . The fertilized egg then travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus , where it begins to form the embryo and placenta . The first trimester carries the highest risk of miscarriage ( natural death of embryo or fetus ) . The second trimester is from week 13 through 28 . Around the middle of the second trimester , movement of the fetus may be felt . At 28 weeks , more than 90 % of babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided with high-quality medical care . The third trimester is from 29 weeks through 40 weeks . Prenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes . Prenatal care may include taking extra folic acid , avoiding drugs and alcohol , regular exercise , blood tests , and regular physical examinations . Complications of pregnancy may include high blood pressure of pregnancy , gestational diabetes , iron-deficiency anemia , and severe nausea and vomiting among others . Term pregnancy is 37 to 41 weeks , with early term being 37 and 38 weeks , full term 39 and 40 weeks , and late term 41 weeks . After 41 weeks , it is known as post term . Babies born before 37 weeks are preterm and are at higher risk of health problems such as cerebral palsy . Delivery before 39 weeks by labor induction or caesarean section is not recommended unless required for other medical reasons . About 213 million pregnancies occurred in 2012 , of which , 190 million were in the developing world and 23 million were in the developed world . The number of pregnancies in women ages 15 to 44 is 133 per 1,000 women . About 10 % to 15 % of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage . In 2013 , complications of pregnancy resulted in 293,000 deaths , down from 377,000 deaths in 1990 . Common causes include maternal bleeding , complications of abortion , high blood pressure of pregnancy , maternal sepsis , and obstructed labor . Globally , 40 % of pregnancies are unplanned . Half of unplanned pregnancies are aborted . Among unintended pregnancies in the United States , 60 % of the women used birth control to some extent during the month pregnancy occurred .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9e816d3f03daacc62983680da501e786", "text": "Prevalence of teenage pregnancy Industrialized and developing countries have distinctly different rates of teenage pregnancy . In developed regions , such as United States , Canada , Western Europe , Australia , New Zealand , and Israel teen parents tend to be unmarried and adolescent pregnancy is seen as a social issue . By contrast , teenage parents in developing regions such as Africa , Asia , Eastern Europe , Latin America , and the Pacific Islands are often married , and their pregnancy may be welcomed by family and society . However , in these societies , early pregnancy may combine with malnutrition and poor health care to cause medical problems . A report by Save the Children found that , annually , 13 million children are born to women under age 20 worldwide . More than 90 % of these births occur to women living in developing countries . Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of mortality among women between the ages of 15 and 19 in such areas , as they are the leading cause of mortality among older women . The age of the mother is determined by the easily verified date when the pregnancy ends , not by the estimated date of conception . Consequently , the statistics do not include women who first became pregnant before their 20th birthdays , if those pregnancies did not end until on or after their 20th birthdays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce1016b9115d9b1a45a38add281a7293", "text": "Sex after pregnancy Sex after pregnancy is often delayed for several weeks or months , and may be difficult and painful for women . Injury to the perineum or surgical cuts ( episiotomy ) to the vagina during childbirth can cause sexual dysfunction . Sexual activity other than sexual intercourse is possible sooner , but some women experience a prolonged loss of sexual desire after giving birth , which may be associated with postnatal depression . Common issues that may last more than a year after birth are greater desire by the man than the woman , and a worsening of the woman 's body image .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40c6b6973ca922b2b7950ea87e1b2f0a", "text": "Adipomastia Adipomastia , or lipomastia , also known colloquially as fatty breasts , is a condition defined as an excess of skin and adipose tissue in the breasts without true breast glandular tissue . It is commonly present in men with obesity , and is particularly apparent in men who have undergone massive weight loss . A related/synonymous term is pseudogynecomastia . The condition is different and should be distinguished from gynecomastia ( `` women 's breasts '' ) , which involves true glandular breast development in a male . The two conditions can usually be distinguished easily by palpation to check for the presence of glandular tissue . Another difference between the conditions is that breast pain/tenderness does not occur in pseudogynecomastia . Sometimes , gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia are present together ; this is related to the fact that fat tissue expresses aromatase , the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of estrogen , and estrogen is produced to a disproportionate extent in men with excessive amounts of fat , resulting in simultaneous glandular enlargement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b95bc9deb18dcaa185d77e766136578", "text": "Nausea Nausea is a sensation of unease and discomfort in the upper stomach with an involuntary urge to vomit . It may precede vomiting , but a person can have nausea without vomiting . When prolonged , it is a debilitating symptom . Nausea is a non-specific symptom , which means that it has many possible causes . Some common causes of nausea are motion sickness , dizziness , migraine , fainting , low blood sugar , gastroenteritis ( stomach infection ) or food poisoning . Nausea is a side effect of many medications including chemotherapy , or morning sickness in early pregnancy . Nausea may also be caused by anxiety , disgust and depression . Medications taken to prevent and treat nausea are called antiemetics . The most commonly prescribed antiemetics in the US are promethazine , metoclopramide and ondansetron . The word nausea is from Latin nausea , from Greek ναυσία -- nausia , '' ναυτία '' -- nautia , motion sickness '' , `` feeling sick or queasy '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59a8512a5222ddc966d96ba3660de41c", "text": "Pregnancy in art Pregnancy in art covers any artistic work that portrays pregnancy in women . In art as in life , it is often unclear whether an actual state of pregnancy is intended to be shown . A common visual indication is the gesture of the woman placing a protective open hand on her abdomen . Historically , married women were at some stage of pregnancy for much of their life until the menopause , but the depiction of this in art is relatively uncommon , and generally restricted to some specific contexts . This probably persists even in contemporary culture ; despite several recent artworks depicting heavily pregnant women , one writer was `` astonished at the shortage of visual images ... of pregnant women in public visual culture '' . A research study conducted by Pierre Bourdieu in 1963 found that the great majority of 693 French subjects thought that a photo of a pregnant woman could not , by definition , be beautiful . There are two subjects often depicted in Western narrative art , or history painting , where pregnancy is an important part of the story . These are the unhappy scene usually called Diana and Callisto , showing the moment of discovery of Callisto 's forbidden pregnancy , and the biblical scene of the Visitation . Gradually , portraits of pregnant women began to appear , with a particular fashion for `` pregnancy portraits '' in elite portraiture of the years around 1600 . As well as being a subject for depiction in art , pregnant women were also consumers of art , with some special types of work developed for them , including Madonna del Parto images of Mary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d471acddbaff0d7352382828234b951", "text": "Teenage pregnancy in the United States Teenage pregnancy in the United States relates to girls under the age of 20 who become pregnant . Most occurrences take place out-of-wedlock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc7b89a3ded03f7c43a892bf00cfdbdd", "text": "Childbirth positions The term childbirth positions ( or `` maternal birthing position '' ) refers to the physical postures the pregnant mother may assume during the process of childbirth . They may also be referred to as delivery positions or labor positions . In addition to the lithotomy position , still commonly used by many obstetricians , other positions are successfully used by midwives and traditional birth-attendants around the world . Engelmann 's seminal work `` Labor among primitive peoples '' publicised the childbirth positions amongst primitive cultures to the Western world . They frequently use squatting , standing , kneeling and all fours positions , often in a sequence . They are referred to as upright birth positions", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29095bfa1d4fd7856c05b8ef5a3c672b", "text": "Breastfeeding in public Breastfeeding in public is the practice of breastfeeding babies in a public or semi-public place in open view of the general public . Social attitudes and legal protection of the practice varies widely . In many countries , both in the Global South and in a number of Western countries , breastfeeding in public is common and generally not regarded as an issue . In those countries , laws protect the nursing mother . In many parts of the world including Australia , some parts of the United States , and Europe , along with some countries in Asia , women have an express legal right to nurse in public and in the workplace . A few countries , such as Saudi Arabia , expressly forbid women to expose their breasts in public , even to breastfeed . Even though the practice may be legal or socially accepted , some mothers may nevertheless be reluctant to expose a breast in public to breastfeed due to actual or potential objections by other people , negative comments , or harassment . It is estimated that around 63 % of mothers across the world have publicly breast-fed . The media have reported a number of incidents in which workers or members of the public have objected to or forbidden women breastfeeding . Some mothers avoid the negative attention and choose to move to another location . But some mothers have protested their treatment , and if the practice is permitted by law , have taken legal action or engaged in protests . Protests have included a public boycott of the offenders business , organizing a `` nurse-in '' or a breastfeeding flash mob , in which groups of nursing mothers gather at the location where the complaint originated and nursed their babies at the same time . In response , some companies have apologised and agreed to train their employees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6ccdea15e266fe5f7b9a41e17fa2a1f", "text": "Hypoplasia Hypoplasia ( from Ancient Greek ὑπo - hypo - , `` under '' + πλάσις plasis , `` formation '' ; adjective form hypoplastic ) is underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ . Although the term is not always used precisely , it properly refers to an inadequate or below-normal number of cells . Hypoplasia is similar to aplasia , but less severe . It is technically not the opposite of hyperplasia ( too many cells ) . Hypoplasia is a congenital condition , while hyperplasia generally refers to excessive cell growth later in life . ( Atrophy , the wasting away of already existing cells , is technically the direct opposite of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy . ) Hypoplasia can be present in any tissue or organ . It is descriptive of many medical conditions , including underdevelopment of organs such as : Breasts during puberty Testes in Klinefelter 's syndrome Ovaries in Fanconi anemia , gonadal dysgenesis , trisomy X Thymus in DiGeorge syndrome Labia majora in popliteal pterygium syndrome Corpus callosum , connecting the two sides of the brain , in Agenesis of the corpus callosum Cerebellum caused by mutation in the Reelin gene Tooth caused by oral pathology , such as Turner 's hypoplasia Chambers of the heart in hypoplastic left heart syndrome and hypoplastic right heart syndrome Optic nerve in optic nerve hypoplasia Sacrum in sacral agenesis Facial muscle in asymmetric crying facies Thumb from birth Lungs , often as a result of oligohydramnios during gestation or the existence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia Small bowel in coeliac disease Fingers and ears in Harlequin type ichthyosis Mandible in congenital hypothyroidism", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51c052ec044742c04840536b867fed04", "text": "Pregnancy vegetarianism Pregnancy vegetarianism is the practice of adhering to a vegetarian diet during pregnancy . Vegetarianism is `` the principle or practice of excluding all meat and fish , and sometimes , in the case of vegans , all animal products ( such as eggs , milk , cheese , etc ) from one 's diet . '' Although some people frown upon pregnant women practicing vegetarianism , there is no evidence that vegetarianism -- practiced properly -- is unhealthful during pregnancy . There are millions of healthy babies born each year from vegetarian households .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cfe19aacf7c2adc9d3e2e700011fcac", "text": "Postpartum depression Postpartum depression ( PPD ) , also called postnatal depression , is a type of clinical depression which can affect both sexes after childbirth . Symptoms may include sadness , low energy , changes in sleeping and eating patterns , reduced desire for sex , crying episodes , anxiety , and irritability . While many women experience self-limited , mild symptoms postpartum , postpartum depression should be suspected when symptoms are severe and have lasted over two weeks . Although a number of risk factors have been identified , the causes of PPD are not well understood . Hormonal change is hypothesized to contribute as one cause of postpartum depression . The emotional effects of postpartum depression can include sleep deprivation , anxiety about parenthood and caring for an infant , identity crisis , a feeling of loss of control over life , and anxiety due to lack of support from a romantic or sexual partner . Many women recover with treatment such as a support group , counseling , or medication . Between 0.5 % to 61 % of women will experience depression after delivery . Postpartum psychosis occurs in about 1 -- 2 per thousand women following childbirth . Among men , in particular new fathers , the incidence of postpartum depression has been estimated to be between 1 % and 25.5 % . In the United States , postpartum depression is one of the leading causes of the murder of children less than one year of age which occurs in about 8 per 100,000 births .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d1a3e5cdaa7ec739b51f54694d19569", "text": "Pregnancy options counseling Pregnancy options counseling is a form of counseling that provides information and support regarding a women 's pregnancy . Woman seeking pregnancy options counseling are typically doing so in the case of an unintended pregnancy . Limited access to birth control and family planning resources , as well as misuse of birth control are some of the major contributing factors to unintended pregnancies around the world . In 2012 , the global rate of unintended pregnancies was estimated to be 40 percent , or eighty-five million pregnancies . Pregnancy options counselors educate women about the different options that are available and help guide them to a decision on how to proceed with their pregnancy . The options include abortion , adoption , or parenting . The job of a pregnancy options counselor is to neither encourage nor discourage a woman 's particular decision , nor do they profit from the woman 's choice . Rather , they present unbiased information about each of the options non-judgmentally , then help the woman explore her feelings and come to a decision that fits her best based on her values , culture , future plans , etc. . Pregnancy options counseling centers are not the same thing as crisis pregnancy centers , which may not provide unbiased information .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8980173b5c7ee2082e9c9cc09c70b6da", "text": "Menstrual taboo A menstrual taboo is any social taboo concerned with menstruation . In some societies it involves menstruation being perceived as unclean or embarrassing , extending even to the mention of menstruation both in public ( in the media and advertising ) and in private ( amongst the friends , in the household , and with men ) . Many traditional religions consider menstruation ritually unclean . Different cultures view menstruation differently . Studies in the early 1980s showed that nearly all girls in the United States believed that girls should not talk about menstruation with boys , and more than one-third of girls did not believe that it was appropriate to discuss menstruation with their fathers . The basis of many conduct norms and communication about menstruation in western industrial societies is the belief that menstruation should remain hidden . In other societies certain menstrual taboos may be practised without the connotation of uncleanness . According to the anthropologists Buckley and Gottlieb cross-cultural study shows that , while taboos about menstruation are nearly universal , a wide range of distinct rules for conduct during menstruation `` bespeak quite different , even opposite , purposes and meanings '' with meanings that are `` ambiguous and often multivalent '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "017414c6520e825f3971ba6620159428", "text": "Maternal health in Angola Maternal health in Angola is a very complicated issue . In the Sub-Saharan region of Africa where Angola is located , poor maternal health has been an ongoing problem contributing to the decreased level of health in the population in the early 21st century . According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy , childbirth , and the postpartum period . Maternal health is an important factor in determining the status of health in all countries as the health of newborns , which depends on the health of the mother , has an effect on the developmental stages of each individual . In Angola , maternal health is affected by many different factors , including the country 's history , economic state , and overall prevalence of infectious diseases . The WHO lists the leading causes of maternal death as severe bleeding , infections , high blood pressure during pregnancy , obstructed labor , and unsafe abortions . These causes compose approximately 80 percent of all maternal mortalities worldwide with the vast majority occurring in developing countries . The other remaining factors that contribute to maternal death include malaria , anemia , and HIV/AIDS during pregnancy . The WHO also states that the reasons why so many women die during childbirth are usually poverty , long distance to care , lack of information , inadequate service , and cultural practices . All of these causes of maternal death , and the corresponding reasons , are very familiar among women in Angola .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bdcf479cbf0483b84680e953ad8019a", "text": "Danger zone (food safety) The temperature range in which food-borne bacteria can grow is known as the danger zone . Food safety agencies , such as the United States ' Food Safety and Inspection Service ( FSIS ) , define the danger zone as roughly 4 to . The FSIS stipulates that potentially hazardous food should not be stored at temperatures in this range in order to prevent foodborne illness ( for example , a refrigerator 's temperature must be kept below 40 F ) , and that food that remains in this zone for more than two hours should not be consumed . Foodborne microorganisms grow much faster in the middle of the zone , at temperatures between 21 and . Food-borne bacteria , in large enough numbers , may cause food poisoning , symptoms similar to gastroenteritis or `` stomach flu '' ( a misnomer , as true influenza primarily affects the respiratory system ) . Some of the symptoms include stomach cramps , nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , and fever . Food-borne illness becomes more dangerous in certain populations , such as people with weakened immune systems , young children , the elderly , and pregnant women . In Canada , there are approximately 11 million cases of food-borne disease per year . These symptoms can begin as early as shortly after and as late as weeks after consumption of the contaminated food . Time and temperature control plays a critical role in food safety . To prevent time-temperature abuse , the amount of time food spends in the danger zone must be minimized . A logarithmic relationship exists between microbial cell death and temperature : a significantly large number of cells may survive slightly lower temperatures . In addition to reducing the time spent in the danger zone , foods should be moved through the danger zone as few times as possible when reheating or cooling . Foods that are potentially hazardous inside the danger zone : Meat : beef , poultry , pork , seafood Eggs and other protein-rich foods Dairy products Cut or peeled fresh produce Cooked vegetables , beans , rice , pasta Sauces , such as gravy Sprouts Any foods containing the above , e.g. casseroles , salads , quiches", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71c9e3328d4c47609d37cff421ed0cff", "text": "Breast implant A breast implant is a prosthesis used to change the size , shape , and contour of a woman 's breast . In reconstructive plastic surgery , breast implants can be placed to restore a natural looking breast mound for post -- mastectomy breast reconstruction patients or to correct congenital defects and deformities of the chest wall . They are also used cosmetically to enhance or enlarge the appearance of the breast through breast augmentation surgery . There are three general types of breast implant devices , defined by their filler material : saline solution , silicone gel , and composite filler . The saline implant has an elastomer silicone shell filled with sterile saline solution during surgery ; the silicone implant has an elastomer silicone shell pre-filled with viscous silicone gel ; and the alternative composition implants featured miscellaneous fillers , such as soy oil , polypropylene string , etc. . Composite implants are typically not recommended for use anymore and , in fact , their use is banned in the United States and Europe due to associated health risks and complications . In surgical practice , for the reconstruction of a breast , the tissue expander device is a temporary breast prosthesis used to form and establish an implant pocket for the future permanent breast implant . For the correction of male breast defects and deformities , the pectoral implant is the breast prosthesis used for the reconstruction and the aesthetic repair of a man 's chest wall ( see : gynecomastia and mastopexy ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1b117fd35a0e343be68e37fea193bb3", "text": "Endometrial hyperplasia Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition of excessive proliferation of the cells of the endometrium , or inner lining of the uterus . Most cases of endometrial hyperplasia result from high levels of estrogens , combined with insufficient levels of the progesterone-like hormones which ordinarily counteract estrogen 's proliferative effects on this tissue . This may occur in a number of settings , including obesity , polycystic ovary syndrome , estrogen producing tumours ( e.g. granulosa cell tumour ) and certain formulations of estrogen replacement therapy . Endometrial hyperplasia is a significant risk factor for the development or even co-existence of endometrial cancer , so careful monitoring and treatment of women with this disorder is essential .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7b0934323081576abb8218cea1210f2", "text": "Clitoris The clitoris ( -LSB- klᵻˈtɔːrᵻs -RSB- ) is a female sex organ present in mammals , ostriches and a limited number of other animals . In humans , the visible button-like portion is near the front junction of the labia minora ( inner lips ) , above the opening of the urethra . Unlike the penis , the male homologue ( equivalent ) to the clitoris , it usually does not contain the distal portion ( or opening ) of the urethra and is therefore not used for urination . While few animals urinate through the clitoris , the spotted hyena , which has an especially well-developed clitoris , urinates , mates and gives birth via the organ . Some other mammals , such as lemurs and spider monkeys , also have a well-developed clitoris . The clitoris is the human female 's most sensitive erogenous zone and generally the primary anatomical source of human female sexual pleasure . In humans and other mammals , it develops from an outgrowth in the embryo called the genital tubercle . Initially undifferentiated , the tubercle develops into either a penis or a clitoris , depending on the presence or absence of the protein tdf , which is codified by a single gene on the Y chromosome . The clitoris is a complex structure , and its size and sensitivity can vary . The glans ( head ) of the human clitoris is roughly the size and shape of a pea , and is estimated to have more than 8,000 sensory nerve endings . Extensive sociological , sexological and medical debate have focused on the clitoris , primarily concerning anatomical accuracy , orgasmic factors and their physiological explanation for the G-spot , and whether the clitoris is vestigial , an adaptation , or serves a reproductive function . Social perceptions of the clitoris range from the significance of its role in female sexual pleasure , assumptions about its true size and depth , and varying beliefs regarding genital modification such as clitoris enlargement , clitoris piercing and clitoridectomy ; genital modification may be for aesthetic , medical or cultural reasons . Knowledge of the clitoris is significantly impacted by cultural perceptions of the organ . Studies suggest that knowledge of its existence and anatomy is scant in comparison with that of other sexual organs , and that more education about it could help alleviate social stigmas associated with the female body and female sexual pleasure ; for example , that the clitoris and vulva in general are visually unappealing , that female masturbation is taboo , or that men should be expected to master and control women 's orgasms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b786505415f45af2540fee3f4b01752a", "text": "Female infanticide Female infanticide is the deliberate killing of newborn female children . In countries with a history of female infanticide , the modern practice of sex-selective abortion is often discussed as a closely related issue . Female infanticide is a major cause of concern in several nations such as China and India . It has been argued that the `` low status '' in which women are viewed in patriarchal societies creates a bias against females . In 1978 , anthropologist Laila Williamson , in a summary of data she had collated on how widespread infanticide was among both tribal and developed , or `` civilized '' nations , found that infanticide had occurred on every continent and was carried out by groups ranging from hunter gatherers to highly developed societies and that rather than this practice being an exception , it has been commonplace . The practice has been well documented among the indigenous peoples of Australia , Northern Alaska and South Asia , and Barbara Miller argues the practice to be `` almost universal '' , even in the West . Miller contends that in regions where women are not employed in agriculture and regions in which dowries are the norm then female infanticide is commonplace , and in 1871 in The Descent of Man , and Selection in Relation to Sex , Charles Darwin wrote that the practice was commonplace among the aboriginal tribes of Australia . In 1990 , Amartya Sen writing in the New York Review of Books estimated that there were 100 million fewer women in Asia than would be expected , and that this amount of `` missing '' women `` tell -LSB- s -RSB- us , quietly , a terrible story of inequality and neglect leading to the excess mortality of women . '' Initially Sen 's suggestion of gender bias was contested and it was suggested that hepatitis B was the cause of the alteration in the natural sex ratio . However it is now widely accepted that the numerical worldwide deficit in women , is due to gender specific abortions , infanticide and neglect . In seventh-century Arabia , before Islamic culture became established , female infanticide was widely practiced . This is attributed by scholars to the fact that women were deemed `` property '' within those societies . Others have speculated that to prevent their daughters from a life of misery , the mothers would kill the child . With the arrival of Islamic rule the practice was made illegal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6c22a6d3d712dfa21d8a2759433edcf", "text": "Training bra A training bra ( also trainer bra , starter bra , first bra or bralette ) is a lightweight brassiere designed for girls who have begun to develop breasts during puberty when the girl 's breasts are not yet large enough to fit a standard-sized bra . Breast growth is usually defined by the Tanner scale . Girls who are developing breasts are at Tanner stage I and II . Training bras are usually a lightweight , unlined , pullover style bra and feature a soft , elastic bra band and soft bra cups . Prior to the marketing of training bras , a pre-teen or young teen girl in Western countries usually wore a one-piece `` waist '' or camisole without cups or darts . When a girl receives her first bra , it may be seen as a long-awaited rite of passage in her life signifying her coming of age . Bras for pre-teens and girls entering puberty were first marketed during the 1950s . Some companies have been criticized for marketing bras to pre-teens and of sexualizing girls at an early age .", "title": "" } ]	fever
598f628ad0dc22abf92be48228054aed	Tyler, The Creator is not a rapper.	[ { "docid": "1f54b86a0b09e8ce6b1ce9a676eea7b8", "text": "Tyler, The Creator Tyler Gregory Okonma ( born March 6 , 1991 ) , better known by his stage name Tyler , The Creator , is an American rapper , record producer , and music video director . Born in Ladera Heights , California , he rose to prominence as the leader and co-founder of the alternative hip hop collective Odd Future and has rapped on and produced songs for nearly every Odd Future release . Okonma creates all the artwork for the group 's releases and designs the group 's clothing and other merchandise as well . After releasing his debut album Goblin under XL Recordings , in April 2011 , he signed a joint venture deal for him and his label Odd Future Records , with RED Distribution and Sony Music Entertainment . Following that he released his second studio album Wolf , which was met with generally positive reviews and debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 selling 90,000 copies in its first week . He has his own clothing company , called Golf Wang , started in 2011 , and a carnival , named Camp Flog Gnaw , hosted annually since 2012 . He runs his own streaming service Golf Media ; it contains original scripted series from Tyler himself and Camp Flog Gnaw streams there yearly .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e7c03491dc464276e10c991a13144408", "text": "Skatterman Stacy Landis , better known by his stage name Skatterman ( pronounced Scātterman ) , is an American rapper from Kansas City , Missouri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "747468ee07a179582f0fdbe7ada3f949", "text": "The D.O.C. Tracy Lynn Curry ( born June 10 , 1968 ) , better known by his stage name The D.O.C. , is an American rapper from Dallas . In addition to a solo career , he was a member of the hip hop group Fila Fresh Crew and later collaborated with gangsta rap group N.W.A , where he co-wrote many of their releases as well as Eazy-E 's solo debut album Eazy-Duz-It . He has also worked with Dr. Dre , who is one of the founding members of N.W.A and produced two of his solo albums . After Fila Fresh Crew split up in 1987 , The D.O.C. went on to pursue a successful solo career . In 1989 , he released his debut album , No One Can Do It Better , which reached number-one on the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for two weeks and spawned two number one hits on the Hot Rap Songs chart : `` It 's Funky Enough '' and `` The D.O.C. & The Doctor '' . The album went platinum five years after its release . In late 1989 , months after the release of No One Can Do It Better , The D.O.C. almost died when a car accident resulted in the crushing of his larynx , permanently changing his voice . Since his recovery , he has released two more albums , Helter Skelter in 1996 and Deuce in 2003 . Since 2006 , The D.O.C. has been working on new material for his fourth album Voices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "004a4f4568f6e983134fb0d7f180727c", "text": "Datin (rapper) Edward Berrios who goes by the stage name Datin , is an American Christian hip hop musician . He has released several projects including his hit mixtape `` Turn it off vol 1 '' as well as featured on many other popular artist albums . On February 12 2016 he released his highly anticipated album The Roar under God Over Money Records . This album was his breakthrough release and landed at the tops of many charts including the Billboard magazine charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8db541f7627e65ac40bc7fab0a8f5459", "text": "Nokio the N-Tity Nokio the N-Tity ( born Tamir Mateen Raheem Hameed Ruffin , January 21 , 1979 , Baltimore , Maryland ) is an American record producer , songwriter , dancer , singer , and rapper . He is best known as the founder of the successful R&B group Dru Hill , serving as in-house producer and songwriter for the act .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ad4e28cb448281e18b8742be5e8d091", "text": "AnonymousCulture AnonymousCulture , is an American rapper and songwriter from Dallas , Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c52528a3221edb36703a5aacda8fbfa", "text": "Professional Rapper Professional Rapper may refer to : Professional Rapper ( John Reuben album ) , a Christian hip hop album released in 2003 . Professional Rapper ( Lil Dicky album ) , released in 2015 `` Professional Rapper '' ( song ) , the second single from the Lil Dicky album", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2beb645f3c920513e01707fa3131e10d", "text": "Indie hip-hop Indie hip hop ( short for independent hip hop ) is hip hop that primarily exists in the independent underground music scene . The term underground hip hop may be used to describe both indie hip hop ( which is defined by its artists being unsigned or signed to independent record labels , rather than major record labels ) as well as alternative hip hop ( which is defined by music that diverges from mainstream hip hop music such as Gangsta rap . ) As the term `` indie hip hop '' is indicative of the musicians making the music rather than the music itself , it is not strictly a genre but rather covers a range of styles with clearly discernable hip hop characteristics . Like indie rock artists , many indie hip hop artists place a premium on maintaining complete control of their music and careers , releasing albums on independent record labels ( sometimes their own ) and relying on touring , word-of-mouth , and air play on independent or college radio stations for promotion . Some of its more popular artists , however , may end up moving to major labels , though often on favorable terms won by their prior independent success . Independent hip hop labels include Babygrande Records , Definitive Jux , Nature Sounds Records and Strange Famous Records . Notable indie hip hop artists include 7L & Esoteric , Bronze Nazareth , Chief Kamachi , Lord Jamar , Mr. Lif , Jedi Mind Tricks , OuterSpace , The Perceptionists , WMR Music Group and The Society of Invisibles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2a09e7da07228c60151fa972882b57a", "text": "Tink (musician) Trinity Home ( born March 18 , 1995 ) , better known by her stage name Tink , is an American rapper and singer-songwriter . Since 2012 , she has released seven mixtapes and is due to release her debut studio album in 2016 . The album is set to be released on the Mosley Music Group label , an imprint of Epic Records run by producer , Timbaland . Her 2014 mixtape , Winter 's Diary 2 : Forever Yours , was featured as a top 10 R&B album in both Rolling Stone and Billboard magazines . She was also chosen as part of the XXL 2015 Freshman Class .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "173a12f99ea1b5a4efa9fcbb7fee8971", "text": "True (Avicii album) True is the debut studio album by Swedish DJ Avicii . It was released on 13 September 2013 through PRMD Music , Lava Records and Sony Music Entertainment 's Columbia Records . True features collaborations with Nile Rodgers and Adam Lambert , Audra Mae , Salem Al Fakir , Aloe Blacc and Mike Einziger Avicii said that sonically , the album would move away from his electronic dance and house music sound on previous records , by incorporating elements of other genres such as country music . True was preceded by the release of the Blacc-assisted and Aileen Marie Quinn-written `` Wake Me Up ! '' that featured a Marantz Enhanced Digital Stereo audio track and topped several charts around the world , and `` You Make Me '' , which features vocals from Swedish artist Salem Al Fakir . The album has been commercially successful , peaking within the top ten of at least ten countries . True debuted at number two in the United Kingdom during September 2013 , and has subsequently re-peaked at number two in February 2014 . On 24 March 2014 , Avicii released a remixed version of the album , titled True ( Avicii by Avicii ) . A 2-disc edition , comprising the standard 10-track `` True '' alongside the remix album was released featuring a brand new cover , in June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb4d1f4a68d268cabc2c0a3b82e9298a", "text": "Ted Park Ted Taewon Park ( born December 4 , 1994 ) , better known by his stage name Ted Park , is an American singer , rapper , and songwriter from Madison , Wisconsin . Ted Park released his single `` Hello ( Who is this ) '' on September 15 , 2016 which made the Top 10 on Billboard and Spotify 's Viral 50 Charts . The notierity and publicity from the single landed Ted Park a deal with Capitol Fr , Universal . Hello has received nationwide radio play , and is over 120,000 streams on Spotify .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12bfb54dec8b8a134d3414719e9d200c", "text": "Cupcakke Elizabeth Eden Harris ( born May 31 , 1997 ) , known professionally by her stage name CupcakKe ( often stylized as cupcakKe ) , is an American rapper from Chicago , Illinois . Harris began her career as a rapper by releasing material through the internet in late 2012 . In 2015 , two of her songs , `` Deepthroat '' and `` Vagina '' , went viral on video sharing websites such as YouTube and WorldStarHipHop . The songs were later included on her debut mixtape Cum Cake , which was released in February 2016 and placed at # 23 in Rolling Stone 's `` Best Rap Albums of 2016 '' list and received attention from Pitchfork . Her hyper-sexualized and often comical lyrical content has gained her songs notoriety across the internet , and she has since developed a strong online fanbase whom she nicknamed `` slurpers '' . Her second mixtape , S.T.D. ( Shelters to Deltas ) , was released in 2016 and was included in Rolling Stones June 2016 list of the `` Best Rap Albums of 2016 So Far '' . She has also received attention from music publications Complex and The Fader . Following the release of her mixtapes , Harris ' debut album Audacious was announced via her Twitter page on October 1 , 2016 and subsequently released via digital channels two weeks after , on October 14 , 2016 . Her sophomore studio album Queen Elizabitch was released on March 31 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3036948dc3d5f08938784daaa5340b8", "text": "L.O.C. (rapper) Liam Nygaard O'Connor ( born 10 July 1979 in Aarhus , Denmark ) , better known as L.O.C. , is a Danish rapper , songwriter and TV-host . Born to Danish mother Susan Nygaard O'Conner and Irish father Dermot O'Conner . He started his career in 1995 together with Chadi Abdul-Karim ( C.A.K. ) , when they started the group Alzheimer Klinikken . Two years later they released their first demotape `` Respekten Stinker '' ( The Respekt Stinks ) . L.O.C. 's popularity made his group projekt B.A.N.G.E.R.S rise to quite the recognition in 1999 when they released the EP `` V.I.P. '' . The group projekt consisted of , further than L.O.C. , the Danish rappers USO , Marc Johnson and DJ Rescue . L.O.C. also formed the Danish Hip-Hop group F.I.P. in collaboration with Danish producers Rune Rask and Troo.L.S from Danish rap group Suspekt L.O.C. quickly gained a greater popularity in 2001 with his debut album `` Dominologi '' . In 2003 L.O.C. released the album `` Inkarneret '' , which went platinum in 2004 , with over 60.000 copies sold . His third album , `` Cassiopeia '' , was released in 2005 and amongst other , contained the hit single `` Du Gør Mig '' ( You Make Me ) . His fourth album `` Melankolia / XXX Couture '' was released March 17 , 2008 and sold over 20.000 copies in the first week . The single `` XXX Coture '' was made Danish Radio 's Program 3 ( P3 ) ` inevitable song of the week ' and won the `` Album of The Year '' - price at The Danish Music Awards in 2009 . L.O.C. has with his first four albums sold over 150.000 copies , which makes him the best selling rapper in Denmark . In 2009 L.O.C. formed the group Selvmord in collaboration with the Danish rap group Suspekt . They released their first album with the self title `` Selvmord '' ( Suicide ) which became an instant success and went gold and also contained the hit single `` Råbe Under Vand '' ( Yell Under Water ) . L.O.C. 's fifth album `` Libertiner '' was released in 2011 and won `` Danish Urban Realse of The Year '' at Danish Music Awards 2011 . `` Libertiner '' was also in the top ten of the most sold albums in Denmark in 2011 . In 2012 L.O.C. created his own record company SGMD , which is an akronym for `` SelvGjortMillionærDrøm '' ( SelfMadeMillionaireDream ) and started a cooperative deal with the telecommunications company TDC A/S , which distributed and promoted his sixth album `` Prestige , Paranoia , Persona Vol . 1 '' . The album was put up for free download the first five weeks and on was downloaded over 100.000 times on the release date alone . Oktober 1. , 2012 L.O.C. 's seventh album , `` Prestige , Paranoia , Persona Vol . 2 '' was released in cooperation with Danish Red Cross whom received all profits from the sales In 2011 L.O.C. was one of the judges in TV2 's adaptation of the music competition Voice . He coached Kim Wagner , who won the contest . He was furthermore also a judge in season two of the same program . Since 2008 L.O.C. has been in a relationship with Danish actor and TV-host Cristiane Schaumburg-Müller and were married on December 22. , 2012 at Valdemars Castle in Denmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3761816a1eaf54793e30e0637cbbf821", "text": "Toki Wright Toki Wright ( born 1980 ) is an American rapper , organizer , and educator from Minneapolis , Minnesota .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afbcf76d14e0117b4f18a144f96aa767", "text": "Giggs (rapper) Nathaniel Thomson ( born 11 May 1983 ) , better known by his stage name Giggs , is an English rapper from London . Giggs was signed to XL Recordings in 2009 . In 2008 he released his debut studio album Walk in da Park and released a follow-up album , Let Em Ave It the following year peaking at number 35 on the UK Albums Chart . The singles `` Do n't Go There '' featuring B.o.B and `` Look What the Cat Dragged In '' both charted in the top 60 of the UK Singles Chart . Giggs released his third studio album When Will It Stop , in October 2013 . In 2016 , Giggs released his fourth album Landlord , which entered and peaked at number 2 on the UK Albums Chart -- becoming Giggs ' highest-charting album of his career . It is also his most critically acclaimed album . He is the leader of SN1 ( Spare No 1 ) , alongside his brothers Gunna Dee , Joe Grind , Spender and Young Giggs ( YG ) , Kyze and Tiny Boost . The group 's main producers are Boom Productions ( a.k.a. BoomBlast ) , Universe , Pablo Productions , Paws Productions , Bayoz Musik .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15a3cfa26d204d9ab0beff930bff1522", "text": "Royalty (Childish Gambino album) Royalty ( stylized as R O Y A L T Y ) is the sixth mixtape by American recording artist Donald Glover , under the stage name Childish Gambino . It was released on July 4 , 2012 , by Glassnote Records . The album has many featured artists and is produced by Glover and his co-producer Ludwig Goransson , as well as Beck , Boi-1da and SKYWLKR . This is notably different from how Glover operates on other projects , as he has been known to not work with other artists much in his music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80d09c12e347ad6f17d57339485bee00", "text": "All City (rap group) All City was an American rap duo composed of Brooklyn-based rappers J. Mega and Greg Valentine . They are best known for their hit single `` The Actual '' . All City was formed in 1993 after Mega and Valentine met after both performed at the Lyricist Lounge . The duo eventually caught the attention of Onyx who helped get the duo a record deal with MCA Records . All City 's debut album Metropolis Gold was released in late 1998 . The album 's lead single was `` The Actual '' which became a hit on the rap charts , peaking at number three . The album itself , however , was not a commercial success , not selling enough copies to reach the Billboard 200 . After the album ran its course , the duo disbanded with no further releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44462b80717942905b59a2a3f80e9bf9", "text": "Treach Anthony Criss ( born December 2 , 1970 ) , better known by his stage name Treach , is an American rapper and actor . He is best known as the lead rapper of the hip hop group Naughty by Nature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3938a70b8464bed9c34c9899ed500676", "text": "Top Dawg Entertainment Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) is an American independent record label founded in 2004 , by chief executive officer ( CEO ) Anthony `` Top Dawg '' Tiffith . Dave `` Miyatola '' Free and Terrence `` Punch '' Henderson are the co-presidents of TDE . There are currently eight artists signed to the label , Isaiah Rashad , SZA , Lance Skiiiwalker and SiR , as well as the flagship artists , Black Hippy members , Kendrick Lamar , Jay Rock , ScHoolboy Q and Ab-Soul . The label also houses a production division that includes Digi + Phonics , THC , and King Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b163c53267c6710525d51e2e6741106", "text": "Yonkers (song) `` Yonkers '' is a song by American hip hop artist and Odd Future member Tyler , The Creator , released as the lead single from his debut studio album Goblin . It was produced by Tyler , the Creator . The single was released digitally on February 14 , 2011 . The song received controversy due to its violent lyrics and numerous `` disses '' , although it was critically acclaimed , landing on numerous year-end lists . Tyler also directed a music video for the single , which was also met with positive critical reception , giving Tyler the MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards . Numerous magazine publications noted `` Yonkers '' as Tyler , the Creator and Odd Future 's breakout song . The late American rapper Capital Steez sampled it in his song `` Negus '' , using the same opening line : `` I 'm a fucking walking paradox '' . The song was featured in the soundtrack to the video game Saints Row : The Third .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab0e10e9a9df939953debd915530fd1b", "text": "Netlabels in Japan Since the mid-2000s , a counterculture has taken place where numerous netlabels , online labels that release their music for free , located in Japan have been formed and garnered a huge amount of publicity which , according to writer Patrick St. Michel , has shaped how popular Japanese music is produced . Japan 's netlabel phenomenon was the first time in the history of the nation 's music industry where underground musicians could produce their works however they wanted to and have their music noticed by the public ; this is an aspect that was previously absent at a time when major labels in the country followed a conservative method where they managed how artists would produce their music . Starting in the 2010s , the netlabel scene has crossed over to the mainstream music landscape and all across the world , with netlabel producers transitioning into working for bigger labels and western producers like Cashmere Cat and Ryan Hemsworth being influenced by the music of Japanese netlabels .", "title": "" } ]	fever
61110cf9915f2041bf9bcbda9f6085d2	Lionel Messi won awards by record voting margins.	[ { "docid": "6ac9ea3909bbb7a28f55b95f79600b23", "text": "Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés `` Leo '' Messi ( -LSB- ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi -RSB- ; born 24 June 1987 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club FC Barcelona and the Argentina national team . Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as the greatest of all time , Messi is the only player in history to win five FIFA Ballon d'Or awards , four of which he won consecutively , and the first to win three European Golden Shoes . He has won 29 trophies with Barcelona , including eight La Liga titles , four UEFA Champions League titles , and five Copas del Rey . Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker , Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga ( 349 ) , a La Liga season ( 50 ) and a club football season in Europe ( 73 ) , as well as those for most assists made in La Liga ( 137 ) and the Copa América ( 11 ) . He has scored over 500 senior career goals for club and country . Born and raised in central Argentina , Messi was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency as a child . At age 13 , he relocated to Spain to join Barcelona , who agreed to pay for his medical treatment . After a fast progression through Barcelona 's youth academy , Messi made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004 . Despite being injury-prone during his early career , he established himself as an integral player for the club within the next three years , finishing 2007 as a finalist for both the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award , a feat he repeated the following year . His first uninterrupted campaign came in the 2008 -- 09 season , during which he helped Barcelona achieve the first treble in Spanish football . At 22 years old , Messi won the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award by record voting margins . Three successful seasons followed , with Messi winning three consecutive FIFA Ballons d'Or , including an unprecedented fourth . His personal best campaign to date was the 2011 -- 12 season , in which he set the La Liga and European records for most goals scored in a single season , while establishing himself as Barcelona 's all-time top scorer in official competitions in March 2012 . He again struggled with injury during the following two seasons , twice finishing second for the Ballon d'Or behind Cristiano Ronaldo , his perceived career rival . Messi regained his best form during the 2014 -- 15 campaign , breaking the all-time goalscoring records in both La Liga and the Champions League in November 2014 , and led Barcelona to a historic second treble . An Argentine international , Messi is his country 's all-time leading goalscorer . At youth level , he won the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship , finishing the tournament with both the Golden Ball and Golden Shoe , and an Olympic gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics . His style of play as a diminutive , left-footed dribbler drew comparisons with compatriot Diego Maradona , who declared the teenager his successor . After making his senior debut in August 2005 , Messi became the youngest Argentine to play and score in a FIFA World Cup during the 2006 edition , and reached the final of the 2007 Copa América , where he was named young player of the tournament . As the squad 's captain from August 2011 , he led Argentina to three consecutive finals : the 2014 World Cup , for which he won the Golden Ball , and the 2015 and 2016 Copas América .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6b8f5a3095a97d809aa9cfac97072b05", "text": "2012 South American Footballer of the Year The 2012 South American Footballer of the Year , given to the best football player in South America by Uruguayan newspaper El País through voting by journalists across the continent , was awarded to Neymar of Santos on December 31 , 2012 . Neymar became the first player since Juan Sebastián Verón in 2008 ( and later in 2009 ) to repeat the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce69d265d906f683b0c9689bc853e973", "text": "Diego Maradona Diego Armando Maradona ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo maɾaˈðona -RSB- , born 30 October 1960 ) is an Argentine retired professional footballer . He has served as a manager and coach at other clubs as well as the national team of Argentina . Many in the sport , including football writers , players , and fans , regard Maradona as the greatest football player of all time . He was joint FIFA Player of the 20th Century with Pelé . An advanced playmaker who operated in the classic number 10 position , Maradona is the first player in football history to set the world record transfer fee twice , first when he transferred to Barcelona for a then world record # 5 million , and second , when he transferred to Napoli for another record fee # 6.9 million . He played for Argentinos Juniors , Boca Juniors , Barcelona , Napoli , Sevilla and Newell 's Old Boys during his club career , and is most famous for his time at Napoli , where he won numerous accolades . In his international career with Argentina , he earned 91 caps and scored 34 goals . Maradona 's vision , passing , ball control , dribbling skills , speed , reflexes and reaction time was combined with his small size ( 1.65 m tall ) giving him a low center of gravity which allowed him to be more maneuverable than most other football players ; he would often dribble past multiple opposing players on a run . His presence on the pitch had a great effect on his team 's general performance , while he would often be singled out by the opposition . A precocious talent , Maradona was given the nickname `` El Pibe de Oro '' ( `` The Golden Boy '' ) , a name that stuck with him throughout his career . Maradona played in four FIFA World Cups , including the 1986 World Cup in Mexico where he captained Argentina and led them to victory over West Germany in the final , and won the Golden Ball as the tournament 's best player . In the 1986 World Cup quarter final , he scored both goals in a 2 -- 1 victory over England that entered football history for two different reasons . The first goal was an unpenalized handling foul known as the `` Hand of God '' , while the second goal followed a 60 m dribble past five England players , voted `` The Goal of the Century '' by FIFA.com voters in 2002 . Maradona became coach of Argentina in November 2008 . He was in charge of the team at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa before leaving at the end of the tournament . He coached Dubai-based club Al Wasl in the UAE Pro-League for the 2011 -- 12 season . In August 2013 , Maradona joined Argentine Primera D club Deportivo Riestra 's staff as `` spiritual coach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67b0e5f28044d0497a80b189f66b5412", "text": "2009 FIFA Club World Cup The 2009 FIFA Club World Cup ( officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons ) was a football tournament played from 9 December to 19 December 2009 . It was the sixth FIFA Club World Cup and was played in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . Australia , Japan and Portugal also placed bids to host the tournament , but Portugal later withdrew from the process . The final was played on 19 December 2009 and was won by European champions Barcelona , who came from behind to defeat the South American entrants , Estudiantes , 2 -- 1 after extra time . Mauro Boselli put Estudiantes ahead in the 37th minute , but Pedro equalised with one minute left in normal time before Lionel Messi scored the winning goal five minutes into the second half of extra time . This made Barcelona the first Spanish side to win the FIFA Club World Cup , and it also meant that they had won a total of six competitions in the 2009 calendar year , beating Liverpool 's record five trophies won in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd39b835a7cc46c202878eed7dd64f10", "text": "Belgian Golden Shoe In association football , the Belgian Golden Shoe ( Gouden Schoen , Soulier d'Or ) is an award given in Belgium at the beginning of each civil year to the best footballer of the Belgian First Division for the past year . The trophy is sponsored by the Belgian newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws . The voters are a selection of Belgian press specialists and football personalities . They are invited to vote for the best player of the competition for both half seasons ( previous season second half and current season first half ) . As a result , a player can receive all of his votes in one half season ( e.g. if he joined the championship from abroad during summer ) , or he can receive votes for matches with two ( or more ) different teams , as with Philippe Albert in 1992 and Mbark Boussoufa in 2006 . Paul Van Himst has collected 4 Belgian Golden Shoes which is the current record . Jan Ceulemans and Wilfried Van Moer have both won the trophy three times . The first foreigner to win the trophy was the Dutchman Johan Boskamp , especially for his excellence during the second half of the 1974-75 season , when his club , RWDM ( currently defunct ) , won its first and only championship title . The only foreigners who have won the award more than once are the Swede Pär Zetterberg and the Moroccan Mbark Boussoufa . In 2011 , Argentinian Matías Suárez became the first South American to be awarded the Golden Shoe . In 2016 , Tessa Wullaert was awarded the first ever Golden Shoe for women football players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ff1570bb3a667557dcb83141f2cbbd", "text": "NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association All-Star Game Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given to the player ( s ) voted best of the annual All-Star Game . The award was established in 1953 when NBA officials decided to designate an MVP for each year 's game . The league also re-honored players from the previous two All-Star Games . Ed Macauley and Paul Arizin were selected as the 1951 and 1952 MVP winners respectively . The voting is conducted by a panel of media members , who cast their vote after the conclusion of the game . The player ( s ) with the most votes or ties for the most votes wins the award . No All-Star Game MVP was named in 1999 since the game was canceled due to the league 's lockout . , the most recent recipient is New Orleans Pelicans forward Anthony Davis . Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All-Star Game MVP four times . Oscar Robertson , Michael Jordan , and Shaquille O'Neal have each won the award three times , while Bob Cousy , Julius Erving , Isiah Thomas , Magic Johnson , Karl Malone , Allen Iverson , LeBron James and Russell Westbrook have all won the award twice . James ' first All-Star MVP in 2006 made him the youngest to have ever won the award at the age of 21 years , 1 month . Kyrie Irving , winner of the 2014 All-Star Game MVP , is the second-youngest at 21 years , 10 months . They 're notable as being the two youngest to win the award , both as Cleveland Cavaliers . Four of the games had joint winners -- Elgin Baylor and Pettit in 1959 , John Stockton and Malone in 1993 , O'Neal and Tim Duncan in 2000 , and O'Neal and Bryant in 2009 . O'Neal became the first player in All-Star history to share two MVP awards . The Los Angeles Lakers have had eleven winners while the Boston Celtics have had eight . Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands and Irving of Australia are the only winners not born in the United States . Both Duncan and Irving are American citizens , but are considered `` international '' players by the NBA because they were not born in one of the fifty states or Washington , D.C. No player trained entirely outside the U.S. has won the award ; Irving lived in the U.S. since age two , and Duncan played U.S. college basketball at Wake Forest . Bob Pettit ( 1958 , 1959 ) and Russell Westbrook ( 2015 , 2016 ) are the only players to win consecutive awards . Pettit ( 1956 ) , Bob Cousy ( 1957 ) , Wilt Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Bill Russell ( 1963 ) , Oscar Robertson ( 1964 ) , Willis Reed ( 1970 ) , Dave Cowens ( 1973 ) , Michael Jordan ( 1988 , 1996 , 1998 ) , Magic Johnson ( 1990 ) , Shaquille O'Neal ( 2000 ) , and Allen Iverson ( 2001 ) all won the All-Star Game MVP and the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in the same season ; Jordan is the only player to do this multiple times . 14 players have won the award playing for the team that hosted the All-Star Game : Macauley ( 1951 ) , Cousy ( 1957 ) , Pettit ( 1958 , 1962 ) , Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Adrian Smith ( 1966 ) , Rick Barry ( 1967 ) , Jerry West ( 1972 ) , Tom Chambers ( 1987 ) , Jordan ( 1988 ) , Karl Malone ( 1993 ) , John Stockton ( 1993 ) , O'Neal ( 2004 , 2009 ) , Bryant ( 2011 ) and Davis ( 2017 ) ; Pettit and O'Neal did this multiple times . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has the distinction of playing in the most All-Star Games ( 18 ) without winning the All-Star Game MVP , while Adrian Smith won the MVP in his only All-Star Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ec279811d630f32dab56562617bdb9f", "text": "Alessandro Del Piero Alessandro `` Alex '' Del Piero ( -LSB- alesˈsandro del ˈpjɛːro -RSB- ) Ufficiale OMRI ( born 9 November 1974 ) is an Italian former professional footballer who mainly played as a deep-lying forward , although he was capable of playing in several offensive positions . In 2015 , he worked as a pundit for Sky Sport Italia . A technically gifted , and creative supporting forward , who was also a free-kick specialist , Del Piero is widely regarded by players , pundits , and managers as one of the greatest players of his generation , and as one of the best Italian players of all time , winning the Serie A Italian Footballer of the Year award in 1998 and 2008 . A prolific goal-scorer , he is currently the second highest all-time Italian top-scorer in all competitions , with 346 goals , behind only Silvio Piola , with 390 goals ; he is also the joint ninth highest goalscorer in Serie A history , with 188 goals , alongside Giuseppe Signori and Alberto Gilardino . After beginning his career with Italian club Padova in Serie B in 1991 , he moved to Juventus F.C. in 1993 , where he played for 19 seasons ( 11 as captain ) , and holds the club records for most goals ( 290 ) and appearances ( 705 ) . During his time at the club , he won six Serie A titles , the Coppa Italia , four Supercoppa Italiana titles , the UEFA Champions League , the UEFA Super Cup , the UEFA Intertoto Cup , and the Intercontinental Cup . After leaving the club in 2012 , he also spent two seasons with Australian side Sydney FC ; he retired after a season with Delhi Dynamos FC in the Indian Super League , in 2014 . Del Piero has scored in every competition in which he has participated . In 2004 , he was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the 125 greatest living footballers selected by Pelé as a part of FIFA 's centenary celebrations . In the same year , he was also voted into the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll , a list of the 50 best European players of the past 50 years . Along with six awards in Italy for gentlemanly conduct , he has also won the Golden Foot award , which pertains to personality as well as playing ability . At international level , Del Piero has also represented the Italian national team at three FIFA World Cups and four UEFA European Football Championships , most notably winning the 2006 FIFA World Cup , and reaching the final of UEFA Euro 2000 with Italy . He is the joint fourth highest scorer for the Italian national team , with 27 goals , alongside Roberto Baggio , and behind only Silvio Piola with 30 goals , Giuseppe Meazza with 33 goals , and Luigi Riva with 35 goals ; with 91 appearances for Italy between 1995 and 2008 , he is also his nation 's ninth-most capped player of all-time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76aea8221ef1f1fd6893dc349e425acc", "text": "MLS Referee of the Year Award The MLS Referee of the Year is a Major League Soccer award presented to the best referee annually since 1997 . Since 2008 , the league has also presented an Assistant Referee of the Year award . The awards are voted on by the media , the players , and the club executives . Paul Tamberino and Brian Hall have each been awarded the honor a record of four times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8973d90769d17303f824e4790a618748", "text": "Best MLS Player ESPY Award The Best MLS Player ESPY Award has been presented annually to the player , irrespective of nationality , adjudged to be the best in Major League Soccer in a given calendar year . Balloting for the award is conducted over the Internet by fans from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee . The ESPY Awards ceremony is conducted in July and awards conferred reflect performance and achievement over the twelve months previous to presentation , which period generally includes a portion of each of two MLS seasons . __ FORCETOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aa9922a3577598172bdd9695b22121d", "text": "Jordi Cruyff Johan Jordi Cruijff ( -LSB- ˈjoːɦɑn ˈjɔrdi krœyf -RSB- , anglicised to Cruyff ; born 9 February 1974 ) is a Dutch former footballer . Cruyff is currently Maccabi Tel Aviv 's sports director , a position he previously held at AEK Larnaca . He is the son of Dutch former player and manager Johan Cruyff . Cruyff was also Maccabi Tel Aviv 's interim manager between January and February 2017 . Under his stewardship as Maccabi Tel Aviv 's sports director , the club has enjoyed a successful period , becoming a dominant force in Israeli football . The team won consecutive league titles from 2012-2015 , as well as regularly qualifying for the Europa League and Champions League . As a footballer , he played from 1992 through to 2010 , his list of clubs include Barcelona and Manchester United . He earned nine caps for the Netherlands national football team , playing at UEFA Euro 1996 . Jordi played mainly as an attacking midfielder , although he could also perform as a second striker . In his later years , notably with Metalurh Donetsk , he also played as a centre back . After starting his career with Barcelona and playing for the Netherlands aged 22 , Cruyff 's career stalled while at Manchester United , as he appeared just 36 times in the league over four years due largely to injuries . His most successful period was arguably with Deportivo Alavés , whom he led to the 2001 UEFA Cup Final . He also played for Celta Vigo , RCD Espanyol and finished his playing career with Valletta in the Maltese Premier League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce0f7c168fddeaddbf4f247daedb1f3", "text": "1995–96 Juventus F.C. season Juventus Football Club finished second in Serie A and regained the European Cup trophy after 11 years , winning the Champions League final against Ajax 4 -- 2 on penalties in Rome . Juventus also won the Supercoppa Italiana in the late summer of 1995 , before going on to finish second in the league . Following the Champions League title , strikers Gianluca Vialli and Fabrizio Ravanelli were sold to Chelsea and Middlesbrough , respectively . The club also dropped Pietro Vierchowod , Paulo Sousa and Massimo Carrera . Instead , Juventus decided to sign playmaker Zinedine Zidane from Bordeaux , along with young striker Christian Vieri , who signed from Atalanta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58c521c3f3805bd016e8ab737b052c1f", "text": "Xabi Alonso Xabier Alonso Olano ( -LSB- ˈʃaβi aˈlons̺o oˈlano -RSB- , -LSB- ˈ ( t ) ʃaβj aˈlonso oˈlano -RSB- ; born 25 November 1981 ) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a central midfielder . Alonso began his career at Real Sociedad , the main team of his home province Gipuzkoa . After a brief loan period at Eibar , he returned to Sociedad where then-manager John Toshack appointed Alonso as his team captain . Alonso succeeded in the role , taking Real Sociedad to second place in the 2002 -- 03 season . He moved to Liverpool in August 2004 for # 10.5 million . He won the UEFA Champions League in his first season at the club , under manager Rafael Benítez , scoring the equalising goal in the Final against Milan . The following season , he won the FA Cup and the FA Community Shield . He moved to Real Madrid for the start of the 2009 -- 10 season in a deal worth around # 30 million . After five seasons at the club , winning honours including a league title in 2012 and the Champions League in 2014 , he was signed by Bundesliga club Bayern Munich on a two-year contract . He made his international debut for Spain in April 2003 in a 4 -- 0 victory against Ecuador . While playing for Spain , Alonso has won Euro 2008 , Euro 2012 and the 2010 World Cup , and he has also represented his country at Euro 2004 and the 2006 World Cup . On 23 June 2012 , Alonso won his 100th cap for Spain in the quarter-final of Euro 2012 against France ; he celebrated the occasion by scoring both of Spain 's goals to send them into the semi-finals . Following Spain 's failure to progress out of the group stages at the 2014 World Cup , Alonso retired from international football on 27 August 2014 . His 114 caps make him the fifth-most capped player in the nation 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d5dcb52ea31b2b45579339bc7e32c6a", "text": "Jordi Alba Jordi Alba Ramos ( -LSB- ˈʒɔrði ˈaɫβə i ˈramos -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʝorði ˈalβa i ˈramos -RSB- ) ; born 21 March 1989 ) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for FC Barcelona and the Spain national team . Mainly a left-back and a player of great speed , he can also operate as a left winger . Alba started his career at Barcelona , but was released for being deemed too small . After joining neighbouring Cornellà , he finished his development at Valencia , rising to prominence in La Liga with the club . In 2012 , Alba returned to Barcelona . He represented Spain at the 2014 World Cup and two European Championships , having first appeared for the team in 2011 . Alba won the Euro 2012 tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cf79006e7773e7953c40eea6d18c060", "text": "Footballer of the Year in Germany The title Footballer of the Year ( Fußballer des Jahres ) has been awarded in Germany since 1960 . In 1996 the title Women 's Footballer of the Year was awarded for the first time . Both awards are determined by a poll of German football journalists from the Association of German Sports Journalists ( Verband der Deutschen Sportjournalisten ) and the publication kicker . Eligible are German players abroad and players in Germany . In 2004 , the Brazilian Aílton became the first foreign player to attain this honour . The most recent titleholders are Jérôme Boateng from FC Bayern Munich and Alexandra Popp from VfL Wolfsburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee92f56ea9ba2b65e427337de74057ed", "text": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1955 -- 56 season to the best performing player of the regular season . The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy , which is named in honor of the first commissioner ( then president ) of the NBA , who served from 1946 until 1963 . Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players . Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada , each of whom casts a vote for first to fifth place selections . Each first-place vote is worth 10 points ; each second-place vote is worth seven ; each third-place vote is worth five , fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one . Starting from 2010 , one ballot was cast by fans through online voting . The player with the highest point total wins the award . , the current holder of the award is Stephen Curry , who won both the 2015 and 2016 MVP Awards . Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times . Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times , while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times . Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons . Moses Malone , Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times , while Bob Pettit , Karl Malone , Tim Duncan , Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice . Only two rookies have won the award : Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968 -- 69 season . Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria , Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands , Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered `` international players '' by the NBA . Stephen Curry in 2015 -- 16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously . Shaquille O'Neal in 1999 -- 2000 and LeBron James in 2012 -- 13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection , both receiving 120 of 121 votes . Since the , every winner was from a team that won at least 50 games in the regular season that year.Except for seasons affected by lockouts , when the schedule was shortened from the norm of 82 games . Karl Malone won in 1998 -- 99 when Utah was 37 -- 13 in 50 games , which projected to 60 wins in 82 games . James won in 2011 -- 12 when the Miami Heat were 46 -- 20 in 66 games , which projected to 57 wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "999b3d1cfb7048e8a0fd599fc06aeac7", "text": "Dennis Bergkamp Dennis Nicolaas Maria Bergkamp ( -LSB- ˈdɛnəs ˈbɛrxkɑmp -RSB- ; born 10 May 1969 ) is a former Dutch professional footballer , who is the assistant manager at Ajax . Originally a wide midfielder , Bergkamp was moved to main striker and then to second striker , where he remained throughout his playing career . Bergkamp has been described by Jan Mulder as having `` the finest technique '' of any Dutch international and a `` dream for a striker '' by teammate Thierry Henry . The son of an electrician , Bergkamp was born in Amsterdam and played as an amateur in the lower leagues . He was spotted by Ajax at age 11 and made his professional debut in 1986 . Good form led to an international call-up a year later , attracting the attention of several European clubs . Bergkamp signed for Italian club Internazionale in 1993 , where he had two disappointing seasons . After joining Arsenal in 1995 , he rejuvenated his career , helping the club to win three Premier League titles , four FA Cup trophies , and reach the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final , which marked his last appearance as a player . With the Netherlands national team , Bergkamp surpassed Faas Wilkes 's record to become the country 's top goalscorer of all time in 1998 , a record later eclipsed by Patrick Kluivert , Robin van Persie and Klaas-Jan Huntelaar . Widely regarded as one of the greatest players in his generation , Bergkamp finished third twice in the FIFA World Player of the Year award and was selected by Pelé as one of the FIFA 100 greatest living players . In 2007 , he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame , the first and so far only Dutch player ever to receive such honour . Due to his fear of flying , Bergkamp has been affectionately nicknamed the `` Non-Flying Dutchman '' by Arsenal supporters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32c1f37173c1238f473628867095a49f", "text": "El monstruo (audience) El Monstruo ( ` The Monster ' ) is the popular designation that 's given in Chile to the audience attending to the Viña del Mar International Song Festival . The name is due to great authority that perform the audience in each day of the event . From pressing to lengthen presentations favorite artists to interruptions with catcalls to singers and comedians who are not like , booing to prevent complete their show and force them to withdraw from the stage . In that case , in Chile it is said that `` El Monstruo ate the artist '' . The audience at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival is the only one in the world that has received a special name . This creates an expectation in people attending the show , waiting for the slightest opportunity to show their intolerance . Most artists booed by El Monstruo have been comedians , both for its lack of grace as the misfortune to get on the right stage between performances of singers or bands of renown . He was remembered the occasion when El Monstruo asked the Gaviota de Plata ( Silver Seagull ) award for José Luis Rodríguez in 1988 ; the refusal of the mayor of Viña del Mar , Eugenia Garrido , who in the 1980s was who corroborated the awards , the singer said `` Sometimes the people 's voice must be heard '' , a phrase which some had a political background in relation to the military regime then ruling the country ; the artist has said his sentence was not thought out or had a direct political intention . Rodriguez has indicated that feel that in that case it was a `` tool for greater spiritual ideal . '' Sometimes , however , the public is manifested catcalls to protest the presenters of the event . This happened in the 2007 , when the animators , Tonka Tomicic and Sergio Lagos , dismissed the artist Ana Torroja to the general public discontent , he wanted her to continue singing . Boo to Lagos and Tomicic lasted nearly an hour . The same happened in 2009 when El Monstruo was in favor of Simply Red , booing for an hour for the group to return , and incidentally interrupting the Folk Competition , the singer Paolo Meneguzzi , a humorous routine performed by the trio Manpoval until partially calmed their minds with the presentation of Rakim and Ken-Y .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2af1170ecafe94044e02a20f55be6c", "text": "Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees . The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "982d6001f1527828a22d2f7c406a0734", "text": "Fla–Flu Fla -- Flu ( truncation of Flamengo-Fluminense ) is an association football match between cross-town rivals Flamengo and Fluminense . Matches take place in the 78,000-seat Maracanã Stadium , located near downtown Rio de Janeiro , in the city 's Maracanã district . The world record football match attendance between clubs is a Fla 0-0 Flu with 194,603 ( 177,656 paid ) in 1963 . The moniker Fla -- Flu was coined by the journalist Mário Filho during the professionalization of Rio de Janeiro 's football . Flamengo is the most successful team in Rio State Championship by one championship . Flamengo has won it 33 times while Fluminense has won 31 . Flamengo has won 6 Brazilian National Championships , as defined by the CBF , the 1987 Copa União ( an independent league organised by the Club of 13 ) and 3 Brazilian Cups . Fluminense has won 4 Brazilian National Championships and 1 Brazilian Cup . Fluminense has won the Copa Rio , which it claims to be equivalent to an intercontinental club tournament . Flamengo has won one Libertadores Cup and one Intercontinental Cup , both in 1981 . Fluminense is the only team in the world that holds the IOC 's Olympic Cup ( `` Coupe Olympique '' or `` Taça Olímpica '' ) , a non-competitive award for distinguished service in upholding the ideals of the Olympic Movement and to recognise the particular merits of institutions or associations and their services rendered to sport , conquered in 1949 . The rivalry between these two clubs began in October 1911 , when a group of dissatisfied players from Fluminense left the club , and went to Flamengo , which at the time had no football department . The first Fla -- Flu ever was played the following year , on July 7 , 1912 at Laranjeiras stadium . Fluminense won this match 3-2 , with 800 people in attendance . The Fla -- Flu matches are mentioned in Lamartine Babo 's unofficial , but very popular , Flamengo anthem composed in 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66f5988c291b03f91c07e85a5cda031a", "text": "Trofeo EFE Trofeo EFE is an annual football award given by the EFE news agency since the 1990 -- 91 season to the best Latin-American player in La Liga . Recipients are selected based on assessments from the agency 's sports editors . The inaugural winner was Rommel Fernández and the most recent recipient is Luis Suárez . Iván Zamorano and Brazilian Ronaldo have won the award twice . Fernando Redondo received a special distinction as the best player of the 1990s decade . Cristiano Ronaldo is strangely the only player not hailing from Ibero-America that somehow managed to win the trophy in 2013 . Lionel Messi has dominated the award having won it a record five times , more than any other player in trophy 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86e45fe7b68d0865edcc8ad2f7bba214", "text": "South American Coach of the Year The South American Coach of the Year ( Entrenador del año en Sudamérica ) is an annual association football award presented to the best coach of a club or national team in South America over the previous calendar year . The award has been presented by Uruguayan newspaper El País since 1986 . The award goes to any coach/manager of a South American club or national team , regardless of the coaches ' nationality . With 13 winners , Argentine coaches have won the award the most . With five awards , Argentine Carlos Bianchi is the most decorated awardee . Carlos Bianchi , Carlos Bilardo , Óscar Tabárez and José Pékerman are the only coaches to have won the award consecutively , from 2000 to 2001 , 1986 to 1987 , 2010 to 2011 and 2012 to 2013 to 2011 , respectively . The current winner for 2013 is the Argentine Jorge Sampaoli , manager of the Chile national team .", "title": "" } ]	fever
77b90e1972b68e0b854049861286dc13	Meryl Streep is an award losing actress.	[ { "docid": "5abbba8d974bec7a2ddc678c4fcb1f08", "text": "Meryl Streep Mary Louise `` Meryl '' Streep ( born June 22 , 1949 ) is an American actress and philanthropist . Cited in the media as the `` best actress of her generation '' , -- a designation to which she objects -- Streep is particularly known for her versatility in her roles , transformation into the characters she plays , and her accent adaptation . Nominated for 20 Academy Awards , Streep has more nominations than any other actor , and is one of the six actors to have won three or more competitive Oscars for acting . Streep has also received 30 Golden Globe nominations , winning eight -- more nominations , and more competitive wins than any other actor . Streep made her professional stage debut in Trelawny of the Wells in 1975 , and in 1976 received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for 27 Wagons Full of Cotton . She made her screen debut in the 1977 television film The Deadliest Season , and made her film debut later that same year in Julia . In 1978 , she won an Emmy Award for her role in the miniseries Holocaust , and received her first Academy Award nomination for The Deer Hunter . She went on to win Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs. Kramer ( 1979 ) , and Best Actress for Sophie 's Choice ( 1982 ) and The Iron Lady ( 2011 ) . Streep 's other Oscar nominated roles were in The French Lieutenant 's Woman ( 1981 ) , Silkwood ( 1983 ) , Out of Africa ( 1985 ) , Ironweed ( 1987 ) , Evil Angels ( 1988 ) , Postcards from the Edge ( 1990 ) , The Bridges of Madison County ( 1995 ) , One True Thing ( 1998 ) , Music of the Heart ( 1999 ) , Adaptation ( 2002 ) , The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) , Doubt ( 2008 ) , Julie & Julia ( 2009 ) , August : Osage County ( 2013 ) , Into the Woods ( 2014 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . She returned to the stage for the first time in over 20 years in The Public Theater 's 2001 revival of The Seagull , won a second Emmy Award in 2004 for the HBO miniseries Angels in America ( 2003 ) , and starred in The Public Theater 's 2006 production of Mother Courage and Her Children . Streep was awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2004 , the Gala Tribute from the Film Society of Lincoln Center in 2008 , and the Kennedy Center Honor in 2011 for her contribution to American culture through performing arts . President Barack Obama awarded her the 2010 National Medal of Arts and in 2014 the Presidential Medal of Freedom . In 2003 , the government of France made her a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters . In 2017 , Streep was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "30ed311ac956a1028dfddf2d661d693a", "text": "Oscar season The Oscar season is the time period in which Hollywood studios release their more critically acclaimed films , hoping to win at the Academy Awards . Oscar season usually begins in the late-fall and early-winter , around November , and ends on December 31st of that year . although the date in which the summer blockbuster season ends and the Oscar season begins are ambiguous , and dependent on the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2ee1995bddb99a3d78a9eb30dd9f58", "text": "César Award for Best Supporting Actress The César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role ( French : César de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle ) is one of the César Awards , presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding performance in a supporting role of an actress who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony . Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f1441abe360d9f491921760f7fbc6f6", "text": "Mary Wilkinson Streep Mary Wolf Wilkinson Streep ( July 30 , 1915 -- September 29 , 2001 ) was an American fine-artist and art editor . She was also the mother of actress Meryl Streep .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4", "text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2021052753aba09d9cd5829657e13fba", "text": "Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 . In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ccc92cde1ee4a9009b4d60dda68361", "text": "Falling in Love (1984 film) Falling in Love is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep and directed by Ulu Grosbard . In the film , two married strangers meet randomly , become friends , and fall in love . They spend time together , riding the train into the city of New York , and begin meeting for coffee or lunch . They enjoy their time together and this enjoyment eventually blossoms into love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6620828ce45de69990112f3dcfe31176", "text": "Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture . This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were : 1988 Sir Peter Hall 1989 Dame Ninette de Valois 1990 Sir Michael Tippett 1991 Sir David Lean 1992 Sir John Mills 1993 Sir Peter Ustinov 1994 Sir John Drummond 1995 Sir Peter Wright 1996 Sir Richard Eyre 1997 Dame Judi Dench 1998 Sir Edward Downes 1999 Harold Pinter 2000 Dame Alicia Markova 2001 Paul Scofield 2002 Sir Alfred Brendel 2003 Sir Ian McKellen 2004 Mike Leigh 2005 Alan Bennett 2006 Dame Helen Mirren 2007 Sir Tom Stoppard 2008 Peter Brook 2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn 2010 Ken Loach 2011 Stephen Sondheim 2013 Grayson Perry 2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner 2015 Dame Maggie Smith Category : Performing arts awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c057abed2d4c69e4de1f412cbb69064", "text": "Society of Texas Film Critics Awards The Society of Texas Film Critics Awards were first awarded in 1994 when the Society of Texas Film Critics ( STFC ) was formed by 21 print , television , radio , and internet film critics working for different media outlets across the state of Texas . Over the course of four years , the size of the organization decreased and the STFC disbanded in 1998 . Below are the award ceremonies from each of the four years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6824ea1eab85c21438c65f7b681406", "text": "List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award . Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "852747ac64d82307a7d6e58b4e363bb7", "text": "List of lost films For this list of lost films , a lost film is defined as one of which no part of a print is known to have survived . For films in which any portion of the footage remains ( including trailers ) , see List of incomplete or partially lost films . Films may go missing for a number of reasons . One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until the early 1950s . This type of film is highly flammable , and there have been several devastating fires , such as the 1937 Fox vault fire , the 1967 MGM vault fire , and the Universal Pictures fire in 1924 . Black-and-white film prints judged to be otherwise worthless were sometimes incinerated to salvage the meager scrap value of the silver image particles in their emulsions . Films have disappeared when production companies went bankrupt . Occasionally , a studio would remake a film and destroy the earlier version . Silent films in particular were once seen as having no further commercial value and were simply junked to clear out expensive storage space . This is necessarily an incomplete list . Martin Scorsese 's Film Foundation claims that `` half of all American films made before 1950 and over 90 % of films made before 1929 are lost forever . '' Deutsche Kinemathek estimates that 80 -- 90 % of silent films are gone ; the film archive 's own list contains over 3500 lost films . A study by the Library of Congress states that 75 % of all silent films are now lost . While others dispute whether the percentage is quite that high , it is impractical to enumerate any but the more notable and those that can be sourced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83ff0526c7dba12a302a6e88f124aa57", "text": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ( -LSB- ˈsɪmptiː -RSB- , rarely -LSB- ˈsʌmptiː -RSB- ) , founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE , is an international professional association , based in the United States of America , of engineers working in the motion imaging industries . An internationally recognized standards organizations , SMPTE has more than 600 Standards , Recommended Practices , and Engineering Guidelines for television production , filmmaking , digital cinema , audio recording , information technology , and medical imaging . In addition to development and publication of technical standard documents , SMPTE publishes the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal , provides networking opportunities for its members , produces academic conferences and exhibitions , and performs other industry-related functions . SMPTE Membership is open to any individual or organization with interest in the subject matter . SMPTE standards documents are copyrighted and may be purchased from the SMPTE website , or other distributors of technical standards . Standard documents may be purchased by the general public . Significant standards promulgated by SMPTE include : All film and television transmission formats and media , including digital . Physical interfaces for transmission of television signals and related data ( such as SMPTE time code and the Serial Digital Interface ) ( SDI ) SMPTE color bars Test card patterns and other diagnostic tools The Material eXchange Format , or MXF SMPTE 's educational and professional development activities include technical presentations at regular meetings of its local Sections , annual and biennial conferences in the US and Australia and the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal . The society sponsors many awards , the oldest of which are the SMPTE Progress Medal , the Samuel Warner Memorial Medal , and the David Sarnoff Medal . SMPTE also has a number of student Chapters and sponsors scholarships for college students in the motion imaging disciplines . Related organizations include National Television System Committee ( NTSC ) Moving Picture Experts Group ( MPEG ) ITU Radiocommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCIR ) ITU Telecommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCITT ) Digital Video Broadcasting BBC Research Department European Broadcasting Union ( EBU )", "title": "" } ]	fever
8ca2628f5c74daccb226abef17ccebb1	Karl Malone played for the Utah Jazz for 18 seasons.	[ { "docid": "038b5d6400a2ffa81a7832e59ce94e6f", "text": "Karl Malone Karl Anthony Malone ( born July 24 , 1963 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . Nicknamed `` The Mailman '' , Malone played the power forward position and spent his first 18 seasons ( 1985 -- 2003 ) in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) with the Utah Jazz and formed a formidable duo with his teammate John Stockton . Malone also played one season for the Los Angeles Lakers . Malone was a two-time NBA Most Valuable Player , a 14-time NBA All-Star , and an 11-time member of the All-NBA first team . He scored the second most career points in NBA history ( 36,928 ) ( second behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar ) , and holds the records for most free throws attempted and made , in addition to co-holding the record for the most first team All-NBA elections in history ( tied with Kobe Bryant and LeBron James ) . He is considered one of the best power forwards in NBA history . Malone played college basketball at Louisiana Tech University . In his three seasons with Louisiana Tech , he helped the Bulldogs basketball team to its first-ever NCAA tournament in 1984 and to first place in the Southland Conference in 1985 . The Utah Jazz drafted Malone in 1985 with the 13th overall pick in the first round . Malone appeared in the playoffs every season in his career , including the NBA Finals in 1997 and 1998 with the Jazz . He played his final season with the Los Angeles Lakers , with whom he played his third Finals in 2004 . However , Malone has the most career postseason losses of any NBA player ever , with 95 . Malone also competed with the United States national team in the Summer Olympic Games of 1992 and 1996 ; in both years he won gold medals . After retiring from the NBA , Malone joined the staff of the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs basketball team in 2007 and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010 ( twice -- for his individual career , and as a member of the 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cd238805e74f5469e408397964033097", "text": "1998–99 Miami Heat season The 1998 -- 99 NBA season was the 11th season for the Miami Heat in the National Basketball Association . During the offseason , the Heat signed free agents Terry Porter and Clarence Weatherspoon . In the shortened NBA season , the Heat won 18 of their first 23 games , despite Jamal Mashburn playing just 24 games due to a knee injury , and Voshon Lenard missing 38 games with a broken leg . Miami finished with a 33 -- 17 win-loss record , which earned them the # 1 seed in the Eastern Conference . Alonzo Mourning was named Defensive Player of the Year , and finished second in MVP voting behind Karl Malone of the Utah Jazz . In the playoffs , the Heat faced the New York Knicks for the third consecutive time . The 8th-seeded Knicks defeated the Heat in the Eastern Conference First round , with Allan Houston of New York hitting a buzzer-beater basket in the winner-take-all Game 5 , which prevailed the Knicks over Miami , 78 -- 77 . This was also their final full season playing at the Miami Arena . Following the season , Porter signed as a free agent with the San Antonio Spurs , and longtime Heat forward Keith Askins retired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a42ee3a752e27a5fcdc0066e01d67ec6", "text": "Western Basketball Association The Western Basketball Association was formed in 1978 and played for one season during 1978-79 . Organized by Larry Cregar , a former assistant coach in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and American Basketball Association ( ABA ) , and real estate developer Neil Christianson . The seven-team league included the Fresno Stars , Great Falls ( Montana ) Sky , Las Vegas Dealers , Reno Bighorns , Salt Lake City Prospectors , Tucson Gunners , and Washington ( Tri-City ) Lumberjacks Tucson , coached by Herb Brown , went 32-16 during the regular season to finish first in the WBA 's only season . Washington ( 29-19 ) and Reno ( 28-20 ) rounded out the top three . In the finals , Brown 's Gunners defeated Reno , which was coached by Bill Musselman , four games to three . Future Boston Celtic Gerald Henderson became the playoffs MVP . Washington 's Jeff Cook earned league MVP honors . Al Smith , Walt Jordon , Cook , Del Beshore , and Willie Smith earned first-team all-league honors . Randy Ayers , Jackie Robinson , Major Jones , Brad Davis , and Jim Boylan were named to the second team . The league merged with the more established Continental Basketball Association ( CBA ) , but when none of the former WBL teams filed the required financial letter of credit , their franchises were revoked and the CBA continued play as the CBA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b418a1eeddbdc8fa5ab9077945d98a2", "text": "1999–2000 Phoenix Suns season The 1999 -- 2000 NBA season was the 32nd season for the National Basketball Association 's Phoenix Suns . During the offseason , the Suns acquired All-Star guard Anfernee Hardaway from the Orlando Magic , while signing free agent Rodney Rogers and re-signing former Suns center Oliver Miller . Scott Skiles would come on as head coach , replacing Danny Ainge after a 13 -- 7 start to the season . The Suns would finish third in the Pacific Division at 53 -- 29 , and extend the franchise 's record for playoff appearances before losing in the Western Conference semifinals . Clifford Robinson led the team in scoring at 18.5 points per game . Hardaway , Jason Kidd , Rodney Rogers , Tom Gugliotta , and top draft pick Shawn Marion rounded out a list of six Suns players averaging double-digits in points . Kidd led the NBA in assists per game and was tied for fifth in steals , while being selected for the 2000 NBA All-Star Game . Rogers finished the regular season fourth in three-point field goal percentage , and won the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award . Kidd would earn All-NBA First Team and NBA All-Defensive Second Team honors . In March , former Suns guard Kevin Johnson came out of his retirement and played in six games . He would then retire for the second time after the playoffs . The Suns finished with the same regular season record , but did not have home court advantage going into their first round match-up with the San Antonio Spurs . Still , the Suns would advance to their first conference semifinals appearance since the 1994 -- 95 season en route to taking the series three games to one . The Suns lost in the conference semifinals to new league MVP Shaquille O'Neal and the eventual champion Los Angeles Lakers four games to one . Following the season , Rex Chapman retired , Miller was released and Luc Longley was traded to the New York Knicks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4ee2a6febc9b0067998b1e58828db9", "text": "2001–02 Los Angeles Lakers season The 2001 -- 02 NBA season was the Lakers ' 54th season in the National Basketball Association , and 42nd in the city of Los Angeles . During the offseason , the Lakers signed All-Star guard Mitch Richmond and free agent Samaki Walker , while acquiring Lindsey Hunter from the Milwaukee Bucks . The team got off to a fast start winning 16 of their first 17 games , and finished second in the Pacific Division with a 58 -- 24 record . Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal were both selected for the 2002 NBA All-Star Game in which Bryant won MVP honors , but O'Neal did not participate in the All-Star game due to an injury . After sweeping the Portland Trail Blazers 3 -- 0 in the first round of the playoffs , then defeating the San Antonio Spurs 4 -- 1 in the semifinals , the Lakers where pushed to the brink once more in the Western Conference Finals by their archrivals the Sacramento Kings , who they narrowly defeated in a deciding seventh game . They then went on to win the NBA Finals , defeating and sweeping the New Jersey Nets in four straight games for their second three-peat in franchise history , the first since 1952 -- 54 . Following the season , Richmond retired and Hunter was traded to the Toronto Raptors . This would be the third and final consecutive NBA Championship the Lakers won in the early 2000s , as in the next season , their quest for a fourth consecutive NBA Championship ended with a playoff elimination by the San Antonio Spurs in six games in the semifinals , who would then go on to win the NBA Finals that season and their second NBA Championship . Although the Lakers returned to the Finals in 2004 , the Lakers would lose to the Detroit Pistons in five games , despite being the heavy favorites to win and having former All-Stars and veterans Gary Payton and Karl Malone , leading to O'Neal 's departure from the Lakers amidst boiling points between the Lakers staff and management and Kobe Bryant , culminating in his trade to the Miami Heat , ending the early 2000s Lakers dynasty . The Lakers would not win another title until 2009 , in which they defeated the Orlando Magic in five games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfb7f928010d329896f4bdb4ac87751d", "text": "2010–11 Utah Jazz season The 2010 -- 11 Utah Jazz season was the 32nd season of the franchise in Salt Lake City , and the 37th overall in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . On February 10 , 2011 , legendary Jazz head coach Jerry Sloan resigned in the middle of the season . Tyrone Corbin was named the new head coach . On February 23 , 2011 , the Jazz traded star player Deron Williams to the New Jersey Nets for two 1st round draft picks ( New Jersey 's 2011 and Golden State 's conditional 2012 ) and players , Derrick Favors and Devin Harris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d857ec48a9df9555784dbfd1861f12", "text": "1977–78 Detroit Pistons season Following are the results of the 1977 -- 78 season of the Detroit Pistons , the franchise of the National Basketball Association based in Detroit , Michigan . The 1977-78 NBA season was the Pistons ' 30th season in the NBA and 21st season in the city of Detroit , and the last until the 2017-18 season for the team in the city of Detroit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55715405f8408daedc7b63c4820b7814", "text": "List of Sacramento Kings seasons This article is a list of seasons completed by the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d474d56ace39853e42908495798a00", "text": "1994–95 Sacramento Kings season The 1994 -- 95 NBA season was the Kings ' 46th season in the National Basketball Association , and 10th season in Sacramento . With the arrivals of rookies Brian Grant and Michael Smith , the Kings had an improved defense which held opponents at 99.2 points per game ( 8th best in the NBA ) . On the offensive side , the Kings were led by Mitch Richmond , who averaged 22.8 points per game while winning the All-Star MVP award in the 1995 NBA All-Star Game . The Kings played above .500 for the first half of the season with a 28 -- 20 record in mid February . However , they struggled with a 7-game losing streak afterwards as they began to slip under .500 . On the final day of the regular season , the Kings faced the Denver Nuggets at McNichols Sports Arena for the eighth and final playoff spot in the Western Conference . The Nuggets would win 102 -- 89 as the Kings went home with a 39 -- 43 record , missing the playoffs for the ninth consecutive season . Grant was selected to the All-Rookie First Team . Following the season , Spud Webb was traded back to the Atlanta Hawks . For the season , the Kings changed their logo and added purple to their uniforms . The jerseys lasted until 2002 , while the logo lasted until 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b23ff998cec5ef87e2d8370f77ebe93b", "text": "1995 NBA Expansion Draft The 1995 NBA Expansion Draft was the tenth expansion draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on June 24 , 1995 , so that the newly founded Toronto Raptors and Vancouver Grizzlies could acquire players for the upcoming . Toronto was awarded an expansion team on September 30 , 1993 , while Vancouver was awarded the league 's 29th franchise on April 27 , 1994 . They were the first NBA teams based in Canada since the Toronto Huskies . In an NBA expansion draft , new NBA teams are allowed to acquire players from the previously established teams in the league . Not all players on a given team are available during an expansion draft , since each team can protect a certain number of players from being selected . In this draft , each of the twenty-seven other NBA teams had protected eight players from their roster , and the Raptors and the Grizzlies selected fourteen and thirteen unprotected players respectively , one from each team . Prior to the draft , the league conducted a coin flip between the Raptors and the Grizzlies to decide their draft order in this expansion draft and in the 1995 NBA draft . The Grizzlies won the coin flip and chose to have the higher pick in the 1995 Draft , allowing the Raptors to receive the first selection and the right to select fourteen players in the expansion draft . The Raptors were formed and owned by a group headed by Toronto businessman John Bitove . Brendan Malone was hired as the franchise 's first head coach . The Raptors used their first pick to select three-time NBA champion B. J. Armstrong from the Chicago Bulls . However , Armstrong refused to report for training and was traded to the Golden State Warriors for five other players . The Raptors ' other selections included four-time NBA champion John Salley and six other former first-round picks , Doug Smith , Willie Anderson , Ed Pinckney , Acie Earl , B. J. Tyler and Oliver Miller . Seven players from the expansion draft joined the Raptors for their inaugural season , but only Miller , Earl and Žan Tabak played more than one season for the team . Tabak and Andrés Guibert were the only international players in the draft . The Grizzlies were formed and owned by Vancouver sports magnate Arthur Griffiths . Former Atlanta Hawks assistant coach Brian Winters was hired as the franchise 's first head coach . The Grizzlies used their first pick to select former first-round pick Greg Anthony from the New York Knicks . The Grizzlies ' other selections included three-time NBA champion Byron Scott and three other former first-round picks , Benoit Benjamin , Doug Edwards and Blue Edwards . On draft day , the Grizzlies acquired a second-round draft pick from the Orlando Magic in exchange for selecting Rodney Dent , who had never played in the NBA . Eight players from the expansion draft joined the Grizzlies for their inaugural season , but only Anthony and Blue Edwards played more than one season for the team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eabc044cbd79c18024c93a3202abf56a", "text": "LaSalle Thompson LaSalle Thompson III ( born June 23 , 1961 ) is an American former professional basketball player , who spent most of his 15-year career with the Kansas City/Sacramento Kings and Indiana Pacers . The 6 ' 10 '' , 245-pound Thompson spent time at both the center and power forward positions during his playing career . He later served as an assistant coach for the Charlotte Bobcats , during head coach Larry Brown 's tenure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9871615404b2b33825f97de84347e437", "text": "2004–05 Denver Nuggets season The 2004-05 Denver Nuggets season was the team 's 39th in the NBA . They began the season hoping to improve upon their 43-39 output from the previous season . They bested it by six games , finishing 49-33 , and qualified for the playoffs for the second straight season . They were the fifth team in the Western Conference to ever qualify for the playoffs after starting the season 17 -- 25 , as they turned around the season by finishing 32 -- 8 . The season was marked by coaching changes : Jeff Bzdelik was fired in December , replacing him with former Laker Michael Cooper and after the team 4-14 under Cooper , George Karl was named head coach for the rest of the season . Karl would later guide the Nuggets to the Western Conference Finals in 2009 . The team drafted point guard Jameer Nelson with the 20th in the 2004 NBA Draft , but his rights were traded to the Orlando Magic , though the Boston Celtics would trade Nelson back to the team that originally drafted him during the 2014-15 season . Nelson would later take the Magic to NBA Finals in 2009 . Entering the playoffs as the seventh seed , the Nuggets , for the second straight year , failed to make it out of the first round as they were unable to stop the San Antonio Spurs in five games . The Spurs were NBA Champions that season , their third in franchise history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "486f695fce12a64f543b702cdbd50e50", "text": "2000–01 Seattle SuperSonics season The 2000 -- 01 NBA season was the 33rd season for the Seattle SuperSonics in the National Basketball Association . With the hopes of improving the team in the middle , the Sonics acquired All-Star center Patrick Ewing from the New York Knicks during the offseason . However , the Sonics would get off to a slow start losing seven of their first ten games . Head coach Paul Westphal was fired after a 6 -- 9 start , and was replaced with former Sonics guard Nate McMillan . The Sonics played above .500 for the remainder of the season finishing fifth in the Pacific Division with a 44 -- 38 record , missing the playoffs by finishing tenth place in the Western Conference . During the All-Star Weekend in Washington , D.C. , Gary Payton was selected for the All-Star Game and rookie Desmond Mason won the Slam Dunk Contest . It was Ewing 's only season in a Sonics uniform as he left for the Orlando Magic the next season . Also following the season , Ruben Patterson signed as a free agent with the Portland Trail Blazers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b08c4cc10349270ce19a85a820d32271", "text": "List of Memphis Grizzlies seasons This is a list of seasons completed by the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The team was founded in 1995 as the Vancouver Grizzlies as one of two franchises that joined the NBA for the 1995 -- 96 season . The Grizzlies moved to Memphis after the 2000 -- 01 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40a894966ad7279c4ce386fd0709e0c2", "text": "2017–18 Dallas Mavericks season The 2017 -- 18 Dallas Mavericks season will be the 38th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bf09ced7d6eddca82fc7763707adb0d", "text": "1976 ABA Dispersal Draft On August 5 , 1976 , as a result of the ABA -- NBA merger , the NBA hosted a dispersal draft to select players from the Kentucky Colonels and Spirits of St. Louis , the two American Basketball Association ( ABA ) franchises that were not included in the ABA -- NBA merger . The eighteen NBA teams and the four ABA teams that joined the NBA , the Denver Nuggets , Indiana Pacers , New York Nets and San Antonio Spurs , were allowed to participate in the draft . The teams selected in reverse order of their win -- loss percentage in the previous NBA and ABA seasons . The team that made a selection paid for the signing rights to the player , which were set by the league 's committee . The money from the draft was used to help the four ABA teams that merged with the NBA to pay off some of their obligations to the two folded ABA franchises , the Colonels and Spirits . The team that made a selection was obligated to assume the player 's ABA contract . The players who were not selected would become free agents . Twenty players from the Colonels and the Spirits were available for the draft . Eleven were selected in the first round and the twelfth player was selected in the second round . Eight players were not selected and thus became a free agent . The Chicago Bulls used the first pick to select five-time ABA All-Star Artis Gilmore with a signing price of $ 1,100,000 . The Portland Trail Blazers , who acquired the Atlanta Hawks ' second pick , selected Maurice Lucas and Moses Malone with signing price of $ 300,000 and $ 350,000 respectively . Marvin Barnes , who was selected fourth by the Detroit Pistons was the second most expensive player in the draft with a signing price of $ 500,000 . Several teams elected to pass their first-round picks and only the Kansas City Kings used the second-round pick . The draft continued until the third round , but no other players were selected .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6c6a656d8b5d77e5d525f20d009b3b", "text": "2003–04 Sacramento Kings season The 2003 -- 04 NBA season was the Kings ' 55th season in the NBA and 19th in Sacramento . The season was best remembered for the team making a move in the offseason , acquiring Brad Miller from the Indiana Pacers and signing free agent Anthony Peeler . Superstar forward Chris Webber , who spent most of the season recovering from microfracture knee surgery , then serving a suspension due to the Ed Martin scandal , returned for the final 23 games of the season in which they played mediocre basketball the rest of the way . Still , the Kings finished the season second in the Pacific Division with a 55 -- 27 record . In the first round of the playoffs , the Kings got the last laugh as they defeated their archrivals the Dallas Mavericks in five games , before falling to Kevin Garnett and the Minnesota Timberwolves in the second round as Webber missed a potential game-tying 3-pointer in Game 7 . This ended the Kings ' attempt at a championship as their core would be dismantled the following season , which included Vlade Divac re-signing as a free agent with the Los Angeles Lakers , and Gerald Wallace leaving for the 2004 NBA Expansion Draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80c42c58db5e29e576ec714ae4dd5365", "text": "Wayne Cooper (basketball) Artis Wayne Cooper ( born November 16 , 1956 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . He was born in Milan , Georgia . Cooper was selected by the Golden State Warriors in the second round ( 40th overall ) of the 1978 NBA draft . A 6 ft 10 in ( 2.1 m ) forward-center from the University of New Orleans , Cooper played in 14 NBA seasons from 1978 to 1992 . He played for the Warriors , Utah Jazz , Dallas Mavericks , Portland Trail Blazers and Denver Nuggets . In his NBA career , Cooper played in 984 games and scored a total of 7,777 points . His best season as a professional came during the 1985-86 NBA season as a member of the Nuggets , appearing in 78 games and averaging 13.1 ppg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6e3654a836d35f20b3488d22b492671", "text": "Randy Rigby Randy Rigby was the team president of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's Utah Jazz . Rigby had served as Utah Jazz team president since 1986 . In this capacity , Rigby sets the strategic goals for the organization and analyzes future growth opportunities . He also sits on the advisory board for the Larry H. Miller Group of Companies and is a member of the NBA Team Advisory Committee . However , on February 17 , 2016 , Rigby announced his decision to retire from serving as the Utah Jazz ' team president . Rigby was succeeded in the role of Utah Jazz team president by Steve Starks . Rigby previously served as senior vice president of sales , broadcasting and chief marketing officer for Larry H. Miller Sports & Entertainment , in addition to General Manager of KJZZ-TV . Rigby came to the Jazz from CFS Financial Corporation where he worked for three years as senior vice president . Rigby is a 1979 graduate of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , where he earned a degree in business management with a special emphasis in finance and marketing . He serves on various boards in the Salt Lake area which include the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce , Downtown Alliance , Utah Chapter of the American Lung Association , Salt Lake City Police Foundation , Junior Achievement , Rising Star Outreach and the Hale Centre Theatre 's Board of Trustees . He and his wife , Sandra , have been married 31 years . They have four daughters , one son and seven grandchildren . The couple resides in Farmington , Utah . He is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "039fbf8df831732ffe94e31df7bd4c76", "text": "1991 NBA Playoffs The 1991 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1990 -- 91 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . Michael Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP . After the Pistons had ended their season the last three years , the Bulls got revenge in the Eastern Conference Finals by sweeping the two-time defending NBA champions . It was the first time the Bulls won a playoff series over the Pistons since 1974 , when both teams were still part of the Western Conference . Game 4 ended with some of the Pistons walking off the court before time expired , refusing to shake the Bulls ' hands . In the 1989 NBA Finals , the Pistons themselves had swept the two-time defending champion Lakers . Detroit did not reach the conference finals again until 2003 . The seventh seeded Golden State Warriors stunned the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs , defeating them 3 games to 1 . It would be Golden State 's last playoff series win until 2007 . The 76ers and the Bucks met in the first round of the playoffs where the 76ers swept the series . It would be both teams last playoff appearance until 1999 . Game 4 of the Blazers -- Jazz series was the last game ever played at the Salt Palace . This was the first year that NBC aired the NBA Playoffs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87e2d6eb9264525ba08c1e4e1ee5e746", "text": "1973–74 Utah Stars season The 1973 -- 74 Utah Stars season was the 4th season of the Stars in Utah and 7th overall in the American Basketball Association . The Stars were 8th in points scored at 105.1 per game and 4th in points allowed at 104.7 per game . From January 21st to February 18th , they won 14 straight games . A week later , they began a 5 game losing streak , but the team finished 18 games above .500 . In the playoffs , the Stars went all the way to the ABA Finals for the 2nd time in four seasons . However , they lost to the New York Nets in five games .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c424148656e8e37b9d2f057cf8c7b154	Helen Mirren was a winner of the Academy Fellowship.	[ { "docid": "1a0dc64a3e0ca1a7a6c3a390d1e13a34", "text": "Helen Mirren Dame Helen Lydia Mirren ( née Mironoff ; born 26 July 1945 ) is an English actor . Mirren began her acting career with the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1967 , and is one of the few performers who have achieved the Triple Crown of Acting , having won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 2007 , after two previous nominations , for her performance as Queen Elizabeth II in The Queen . She received an Olivier Award for Best Actress in 2013 for her West End performance in The Audience , in which she also portrayed Elizabeth II , and in 2015 she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her Broadway performance in the play . The Audience was written by Peter Morgan , who also wrote The Queen . Mirren won three consecutive BAFTA Awards for Best Actress between 1992 and 1994 and her first of several Emmy Awards in 1996 for her performance as police detective Jane Tennison on the British television series Prime Suspect , which ran for seven seasons between 1991 and 2006 . Some of her other notable film roles include Marcella in the 1984 film Cal , for which she won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress , 2010 ( 1984 ) , The Cook , the Thief , His Wife & Her Lover ( 1989 ) , The Madness of King George ( 1994 ) , Teaching Mrs. Tingle ( 1999 ) , Gosford Park ( 2001 ) , Calendar Girls ( 2003 ) , The Last Station ( 2009 ) , Hitchcock ( 2012 ) , and The Hundred-Foot Journey ( 2014 ) . She played Victoria Winslow in the action-comedy films Red and Red 2 . In 2003 , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) for Services to the Performing Arts . In 2013 , Mirren was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and in 2014 , BAFTA announced that Mirren would be the recipient of the Academy Fellowship .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b0ef1af1be3b23fc2a82cb1be7f28903", "text": "List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee . For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0", "text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24fe10928db4ad5a83f4178417de019e", "text": "Ronald Neame Ronald Elwin Neame CBE BSC ( 23 April 1911 -- 16 June 2010 ) was an English film cinematographer , producer , screenwriter and director . As cinematographer for the British war film One of Our Aircraft Is Missing ( 1943 ) , he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Special Effects . During a partnership with director David Lean , he produced Brief Encounter ( 1945 ) , Great Expectations ( 1946 ) , and Oliver Twist ( 1948 ) , receiving two Academy Award nominations for writing . Neame then moved into directing , and some notable films included , I Could Go On Singing ( 1963 ) , Judy Garland 's last film , The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie ( 1969 ) , which won Maggie Smith her first Oscar , Scrooge ( 1970 ) , starring Albert Finney , and the action-adventure disaster film The Poseidon Adventure ( 1972 ) . For his contributions to the film industry , Neame was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) , and received the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award , the highest award the British Film Academy can give a filmmaker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff5955b716c5c613c98172bf00da6d6f", "text": "Limelight (1952 film) Limelight is a 1952 comedy-drama film written , produced , and directed by Charlie Chaplin . Unlike his earlier films , the score was composed by Chaplin and arranged by Ray Rasch , marking this as the first film that he did not musically arrange . The film stars Chaplin as a washed-up comedian who saves a suicidal dancer from killing herself , played by Claire Bloom , and both try to get through life ; additional roles are provided by Nigel Bruce , Sydney Chaplin as Sydney Earl Chaplin , Wheeler Dryden , and Norman Lloyd with an appearance from Buster Keaton . In dance scenes , Bloom is doubled by Melissa Hayden . Upon the film 's release , critics ' reception was divided ; it was heavily boycotted in the United States , and commercially failed . However , the film was re-released the United States in 1972 which included its first screening in Los Angeles . This allowed the decades-old film to be in contention for the 45th Academy Awards where Chaplin won his only competitive Academy Award . Today , the film is sometimes regarded as one of Chaplin 's best and most personal works , and has since attained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcf8829d83cc70eacaf3f17d28c8424b", "text": "11th Irish Film & Television Awards The 11th Irish Film & Television Awards took place on Saturday 5 April 2014 in Dublin . The nominations were announced on 27 February 2014 . The Awards Ceremony took place at the DoubleTree by Hilton Burlington Road Dublin , and was broadcast on RTÉ One at 9.45 pm . The Annual Irish Film & Television Awards are the highlight of Ireland 's entertainment and cultural calendar celebrating the very best of Irish screen talent across film and television . Guests in attendance included Michael Fassbender , Colin Farrell , Jamie Dornan , Steve Coogan , Will Forte , Jeremy Irons , Fionnula Flanagan , Brendan Gleeson , Neil Jordan , Amy Huberman , Colm Meaney , Jack Reynor , Killian Scott , Eva Birthistle , Victoria Smurfit and Outstanding Contribution Honorary Award Winner President Michael D Higgins . Simon Delaney and Laura Whitmore co-hosted the event . The President of Ireland , Michael D. Higgins , received an honorary award in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the Irish film and television industry . The big winners on the night were the films Calvary , Byzantium and Philomena which all picked up three awards each . Calvary took the highest accolade , Best Film , along with Best Actor for Brendan Gleeson and Best Script for its writer-director John Michael McDonagh . Touching true story Philomena won the award for Best International Film and Actress ( for Judi Dench ) along with Costume Design for Consolata Boyle . Philomena Lee , whose true life story inspired the film was in attendance at the Ceremony . Vampire horror Byzantium 's awards included the prestigious Best Director for Neil Jordan , Best Actress for Saoirse Ronan and Makeup & Hair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5349efb37d6a05cec1e9202ce515c28", "text": "List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations . The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 . On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner . Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2021052753aba09d9cd5829657e13fba", "text": "Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 . In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6620828ce45de69990112f3dcfe31176", "text": "Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture . This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were : 1988 Sir Peter Hall 1989 Dame Ninette de Valois 1990 Sir Michael Tippett 1991 Sir David Lean 1992 Sir John Mills 1993 Sir Peter Ustinov 1994 Sir John Drummond 1995 Sir Peter Wright 1996 Sir Richard Eyre 1997 Dame Judi Dench 1998 Sir Edward Downes 1999 Harold Pinter 2000 Dame Alicia Markova 2001 Paul Scofield 2002 Sir Alfred Brendel 2003 Sir Ian McKellen 2004 Mike Leigh 2005 Alan Bennett 2006 Dame Helen Mirren 2007 Sir Tom Stoppard 2008 Peter Brook 2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn 2010 Ken Loach 2011 Stephen Sondheim 2013 Grayson Perry 2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner 2015 Dame Maggie Smith Category : Performing arts awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e2066e2ecab2a68f954c5f105f457b5", "text": "Lindsay Anderson Lindsay Gordon Anderson ( 17 April 1923 -- 30 August 1994 ) was a British feature film , theatre and documentary director , film critic , and leading light of the Free Cinema movement and the British New Wave . He is most widely remembered for his 1968 film if ... , which won the Palme d'Or at Cannes Film Festival and was Malcolm McDowell 's cinematic debut . He is also notable , though not a professional actor , for playing a minor role in the Academy Award winning film Chariots of Fire . Malcolm McDowell produced a 2007 documentary about his experiences with Lindsay Anderson , Never Apologize .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "351f7e4acadce62cbab65a26f0bb7a37", "text": "The Theory of Everything (2014 film) The Theory of Everything is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama film directed by James Marsh and adapted by Anthony McCarten from the memoir Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen by Jane Wilde Hawking , which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband , theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking , his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS , also known as Lou Gehrig 's disease or motor neurone disease ) , and his success in physics . The film stars Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones with Charlie Cox , Emily Watson , Simon McBurney , Christian McKay , Harry Lloyd and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles . The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2014 . The film was acclaimed critically worldwide , with praise for the musical score , cinematography and the performance of Felicity Jones and especially Eddie Redmayne , which earned him nominations for a variety of accolades in award shows and film festivals , including the Academy Award for Best Actor . The film received four Golden Globe Award nominations , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson . It received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations , winning one for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne . It received 10 British Academy Film Awards nominations and won Outstanding British Film , Best Leading Actor ( for Redmayne ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( for McCarten ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fc8c26e192f0c0dc444a866e5eb98a0", "text": "List of Belgian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Belgium has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1967 . The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . It was not created until the 1956 Academy Awards , in which a competitive Academy Award of Merit , known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award , was created for non-English speaking films , and has been given annually since . Seven Belgian films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Of these films , two have been directed by Gérard Corbiau : The Music Teacher and Farinelli . The five other Belgian directors to have films accepted as nominees are Jacques Boigelot , Stijn Coninx , Dominique Deruddere , Michaël R. Roskam and Felix Van Groeningen . Boigelot 's Peace in the Fields was accepted as a nominee at the 43rd Academy Awards , Stijn Coninx 's Daens was a nominee in 1993 , Deruddere 's Everybody 's Famous ! was a nominee at the 73rd Academy Awards , Roskam 's Bullhead for the 84th and Van Groeningen 's The Broken Circle Breakdown for the 86th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76418e87523813427311aa775fe1d16f", "text": "Golden Eagle Award for Best Leading Actor (Russia) The Golden Eagle Award for Best Leading Actor is one of twenty award categories presented annually by the National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences of Russia . It is one of the Golden Eagle Awards , which were conceived by Nikita Mikhalkov as a counterweight to the Nika Award established in 1987 by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences . Each year the members of the academy choose three leading actors and the film as a perception . The first actor to be awarded was Viktor Bychkov for the film The Cuckoo . The most recent award was made to Aleksandr Zbruyev for Film About Alekseyev . Sergei Garmash is the most successful artists , winning twice out of three nominations . Other noteworthy actors who were nominated at least twice are Fedor Bondarchuk , Nikita Mikhalkov , Aleksei Petrenko , Danila Kozlovsky , Vladimir Mashkov , Yevgeny Mironov , Bohdan Stupka , Viktor Sukhorukov and Aleksandr Baluev .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5e72b4509d602041b763fb792877e23", "text": "The Passion of Ayn Rand The Passion of Ayn Rand is a biography of Ayn Rand by writer and lecturer Barbara Branden , a former friend and business associate . Published by Doubleday in 1986 , it was the first full-length biography of Rand , and was the basis for the 1999 film of the same name with Helen Mirren playing the part of Rand .", "title": "" } ]	fever
59bacef29133122ff674a98a04ee5f91	Michelle Rodriguez acted in Lost.	[ { "docid": "3001bd35efd07ebe934dd1f19904584a", "text": "Michelle Rodriguez Mayte Michelle Rodriguez ( -LSB- rɑːˈdriːgɛz -RSB- born July 12 , 1978 ) is an American actress and screenwriter . Her breakout role was as a troubled boxer in the independent film Girlfight ( 2000 ) , which was met with critical acclaim and earned her several awards , including the Independent Spirit Award and Gotham Award for Best Debut Performance . The following year , she starred as Letty in the blockbuster film The Fast and the Furious ( 2001 ) , a role she has reprised in four additional films in the Fast and Furious franchise to date . During her career , Rodriguez has played in a number of successful action films , including Resident Evil , S.W.A.T. , and Avatar . Rodriguez also branched into television , playing Ana Lucia Cortez in the second season of the television series Lost . She has also had numerous voice work appearances in video games such as Call of Duty and Halo , and lent her voice for the 3D animated film Turbo and the television series IGPX . With her films grossing over $ 5 billion ( U.S. ) collectively , a 2013 Entertainment Weekly article described Rodriguez as `` arguably the most iconic actress in the action genre , as well as one of the most visible Latinas in Hollywood '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e4659816ae4a7022ec664175b8f7b740", "text": "Sin dejar huella Without a Trace , Leaving No Trace ( Sin Dejar Huella ) is a 2000 Mexican film directed by Maria Novaro starring Tiaré Scanda , Aitana Sánchez-Gijón Jesús Ochoa , José Sefamí , Martín Altomaro , Juan Manuel Bernal , Walberto Goldstein . In the film , Ana , a fake Mayan art smuggler , and Aurelia , a maquiladora worker , flee from Ciudad Juárez , Chihuahua in Northern Mexico and those who pursue them to Cancún in the Yucatán peninsula province of Quintana Roo . The two women fight , murder , run , and become an odd couple of friends as they run from the Federales and an ex-boyfriend narcotics trafficker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efdad45abd8ff3403f8d2fb3278a7fa8", "text": "The Substitute (Lost) `` The Substitute '' is the fourth television episode of the American Broadcasting Company 's sixth season of the serial drama television series Lost and 107th episode overall . The episode aired on February 16 , 2010 , on ABC . It was directed by Tucker Gates and written by executive producer Elizabeth Sarnoff and producer Melinda Hsu Taylor . John Locke is the character the episode is centered on . In 2007 , The Man in Black ( Terry O'Quinn ) attempts to recruit James `` Sawyer '' Ford ( Josh Holloway ) and reveals the survivors ' purpose on the Island . Meanwhile , Jacob 's ( Mark Pellegrino ) bodyguards , led by Ilana Verdansky ( Zuleikha Robinson ) , decide to bury John Locke ( also O'Quinn ) . In the `` flash-sideways '' , John Locke tries to balance his life as after he is fired from his job .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b00315ad6486f7668e49888e0b1a39", "text": "There's Something About Mary There 's Something About Mary is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Bobby and Peter Farrelly . It stars Cameron Diaz as the title character with Ben Stiller , Chris Elliott , and Matt Dillon all playing men who are in love with her and vying for her affections . The film was placed 27th in the American Film Institute 's 100 Years , 100 Laughs : America 's Funniest Movies , a list of the 100 funniest movies of the 20th century . In 2000 , readers of Total Film magazine voted it the fourth-greatest comedy film of all time . Diaz won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress , an MTV Movie Award for Best Performance , an American Comedy Award for Best Actress , a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Best Actress . She also received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance . It was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy . It won 4 out of 8 MTV Movie Awards , including Best Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cd4079e1b8ae42b48a0fa1f4c29e98b", "text": "Walt Lloyd Walter `` Walt '' Lloyd is a fictional character portrayed by Malcolm David Kelley in the American ABC television series Lost . The series follows the lives of over forty survivors of the crash of Oceanic Flight 815 . Walt is introduced in the pilot episode as one of the survivors aboard the plane , which crashes onto the island where most of the programme takes place . He is the 10-year-old son of Michael Dawson ( played by Harold Perrineau ) . Walt appears in thirty episodes of Lost ; 27 in seasons one and two as a series regular , and three more episodes as a guest star . He also features in the Lost epilogue `` The New Man in Charge '' . Throughout the series , he is the only child main character . Initially , Walt and Michael have a dysfunctional father-son relationship , causing Walt to form friendships with other survivors , such as Locke and Sun . Walt leaves the island on a raft with Michael and two other survivors during the episode `` Exodus '' , but is kidnapped by a group of hostile island inhabitants known as the Others . Walt is then released by the Others in the episode `` Live Together , Die Alone '' , who claim that he was `` more than -LSB- they -RSB- could handle '' , and he and Michael leave the island at the end of season two . When originally developed , Lost creators intended for Walt to display supernatural powers , such as the ability to summon animals through telepathy , but when Kelley had aged significantly for him to no longer convincingly look ten years old , the character 's arc was changed and Walt was written out of the show . After auditioning many children for the part , Kelley was hired by the programme 's producers , who had been impressed by his performance in the 2002 film Antwone Fisher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13992eb0b5512b2f31d6c581f24b73db", "text": "Alicia Rodríguez (Chilean actress) Alicia Rodríguez ( born 21 May 1992 ) is a Chilean actress . She is best known for her performance as Daniela Ramírez in Young and Wild .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1332a41ad136eb4728771231341f7054", "text": "Lost at Sea (NCIS) `` Lost at Sea '' is the fourth episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama NCIS , and the 214th episode overall . It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 23 , 2012 . The episode is written by Christopher J. Waild and directed by Tony Wharmby , and was seen by 17.78 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61fe9206991dc42e94ce44b87f0d877c", "text": "Rodriguez (band) Rodriguez was a rock band active in the mid to late 1990s based in San Luis Obispo , California . The band is notable as an early collaboration between Matt Ward ( who later came to prominence as M. Ward ) and Kyle Field ( aka Little Wings ) , along with a series of drummers : Jake Hockel , Sanjeev Srinivas , and Mike Funk . The band was described by Field as `` the band in which I learned how to play music '' . They completed one full-length album , 2000 's Swing Like A Metronome , which was produced by Jason Lytle of Grandaddy and released by independent label Devil in the Woods . The band also released a couple of songs recorded by Adam Selzer from the M. Ward band and Norfolk & Western . Co-dependent Records released the `` Were n't a Problem '' EP as a 7 '' in 1996 and a cassette entitled `` Cash Crops and Box Plots '' in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b547cef5db479c7a141999d308ea8210", "text": "Michelle Shoda Michelle Marie Shoda Belloso ( born 1960 ) is a Venezuelan-American actress , businesswoman and beauty pageant titleholder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b33cf3bfdbde0c139ada1356c0c91b1", "text": "Sin City (film) Sin City ( also known as Frank Miller 's Sin City ) is a 2005 American neo-noir crime anthology film written , produced , and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez . It is based on Miller 's graphic novel of the same name . Much of the film is based on the first , third and fourth books in Miller 's original comic series . The Hard Goodbye is about a man who embarks on a brutal rampage in search of his one-time sweetheart 's killer , killing anyone , even the police , that gets in his way of finding and killing her murderer . The Big Fat Kill focuses on an everyman getting caught in a street war between a group of prostitutes and a group of mercenaries , the police and the mob . That Yellow Bastard follows an aging police officer who protects a young woman from a grotesquely disfigured serial killer . The intro and outro of the film are based on the short story `` The Customer is Always Right '' , which is collected in Booze , Broads & Bullets , the sixth book in the comic series . The film stars an ensemble cast led by Jessica Alba , Benicio del Toro , Brittany Murphy , Clive Owen , Mickey Rourke , Bruce Willis , and Elijah Wood , and featuring Alexis Bledel , Michael Clarke Duncan , Rosario Dawson , Carla Gugino , Rutger Hauer , Jaime King , Michael Madsen , and Nick Stahl , among others . Sin City opened to wide critical and commercial success , gathering particular recognition for the film 's unique color processing , which rendered most of the film in black and white but retained or added coloring for selected objects . The film was screened at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival in competition and won the Technical Grand Prize for the film 's `` visual shaping '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adf44ca4be896e153b4f1a1dec372f68", "text": "Abandoned (2010 film) Abandoned is a thriller film directed by Michael Feifer and starring Brittany Murphy , Dean Cain , Mimi Rogers and Jay Pickett .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e3dc80f7e3293c77224b2a250082f26", "text": "Michelle Laine Michelle Laine is an American fashion designer and actress based in Los Angeles , California . Michelle Laine was born in San Diego , California , and is the daughter of extreme water-sports athlete Randy Laine . As a designer Michelle Laine specializes in womenwear and jewelry , as well as artistic direction and costume design for film and music videos . Michelle recently played the love interest in the short film `` Fake it baby , Fake it ( La Dame Nature ) '' for American rock band Living Things , directed by Floria Sigismondi , Michelle was also the costume designer for the video . In 2012 Laine shared insight on personal style and on her role as an influential person in fashion in `` City of Style : Exploring Los Angeles Fashion , from Bohemian to Rock '' By Melissa Magsaysay , Harper Colins . Michelle Laine 's designs have been worn by Tilda Swinton , Elle Fanning , Marion Cotillard , Katy Perry , Alessandra Ambrosio , Kristen Stewart , Jared Leto , Paris Hilton , and Brandy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d98423744f6d900144cb40fc779ea20", "text": "The Lost World (1992 film) The Lost World is a 1992 film , based on the book of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . The movie is set in Africa rather than the book 's setting of South America , and the character of Lord John Roxton has been replaced with a female character played by Tamara Gorski .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d1c75963f4f18fd39934314e0d3819", "text": "Fallen Angel (2003 film) Fallen Angel is a 2003 Hallmark Hall of Fame television film starring Gary Sinese and Joely Richardson . It would be rerun in December 2004 and shown since on the Feeln on-demand movie service which shows many Hallmark Hall of Fame productions . It is based on the novel of the same name by Don Snyder , who also wrote the teleplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2f3f71280d1e253289d43c859ca2508", "text": "Adetokumboh M'Cormack Frederick Adetokumboh M'Cormack ( sometimes credited as Adetokumboh McCormack , Frederick McCormack , or Adetokumoh McCormack ) is a Sierra Leone Creole actor , known for his roles in the television series Lost and Heroes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b54651fb488c67b50a3d4dc5cede7106", "text": "Gina Hiraizumi Gina Hiraizumi is a Juilliard alumni , who has been acting professionally for over 15 years . With over 5 features releasing for 2017 , her career is taking an exciting leap . Her next theatrical release is with A-List Japan star , MIEKO HARADA in the drama feature , TOKYO NEW YORK as `` Keiko '' - a Japanese girl forced to work in the underground Tokyo hostess club world for survival , while Harada plays the mama-san boss in this Japanese scripted feature . This international drama feature by Award-winning director , Naghmeh Shirkhan is set to release in 2017 . In the crime/murder TV series , DEADLY SINS ( 2016 / ID Discovery ) Gina was the lead title role of real life Filipina criminal , `` Rosalina Misina Mendoza '' in this full hour biopic tale . She portrays the role of Rosalina in her early 20 's ( she is now in her 60 's , incarcerated in prison without parole in Seattle , WA ) and portrays her character from the start , as the story unfolds from her harsh beginnings in Manila , Philippines to the United States . Her character has stirred a lot of emotions with the fans of the show , as Twitter exploded with comments upon the TV release . Network television credits include CASTLE and FLASH FORWARD ( ABC ) , SHARK ( CBS ) , QUINTUPLETS ( FOX ) . Gina played the beauty queen wife of martial arts superstar , JASON SCOTT LEE ( `` Dragon : Bruce Lee Story '' ) in the WWII period piece feature , ONLY THE BRAVE and co-starred in DAY OF INDEPENDENCE by Academy Award Winner , director Chris Tashima . Gina 's past celebrity endorsement deals include KILAUEA FIRE ( Hawaiian Hot Sauce ) as seen in the Hawaiian Airlines ' HANA HOU MAGAZINE and a 2010 CALENDAR by Hilton Hawaiian Village . A calendar signing tour took her around the world and was a massive success . The eldest of 3 sisters , Gina grew up in Los Angeles , CA while traveling to Tokyo 2-3 times a year , every year of her life . Growing up privileged , her father was a successful entrepreneur - the owner of a global travel agency , which allowed the entire family to live an international lifestyle . Many summers were spent attending Japanese schools in Tokyo , Japan and swimming the beaches in Honolulu , Hawaii . Gina got her start in acting when her whole family was cast in a Japanese commercial for `` House Curry '' when she was 15 . She enrolled herself in acting training as a teenager with her first acting coach , Aaron Speiser - the coach behind Jennifer Lopez and Will Smith . Upon acceptance to Juilliard , she took off a handful of years mid-career to get formal training in NYC . To this day , the most transformative moment of her career was when she was invited over to the home of fellow Juilliard Alumni , VIOLA DAVIS ( `` How to Get Away with Murder '' ) . Recalling some of the life and business lessons she was mentored with , she still credits that meeting for the most `` lifechanging meeting of my life . '' Gina recently got married to her husband , Blayne and plans to start a family in the next year . She lives in Los Angeles , CA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db0f13bf76b775aef2c1d103458d2ed2", "text": "Julianne Michelle Julianne Michelle ( born Sept. 5 , 1987 ) is an American film and television actress . She has appeared in more than 23 productions , beginning in 1992 when she was 5 years old .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f89d6455de8ea90a5ba5ff79cd1b818", "text": "316 (Lost) `` 316 '' is the sixth television episode of the fifth season of ABC 's Lost . The 92nd episode of the show overall , `` 316 '' aired on February 18 , 2009 , on ABC in the United States , and was simulcast on A in Canada . The episode was written by showrunners and executive producers Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse and directed by Stephen Williams . In 2007 , having recruited Sun-Hwa Kwon , Jack Shephard and Benjamin Linus find a way to return to the island . Jack makes a last-ditch effort to recruit the other `` Oceanic 6 '' survivors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3fc5be442fe3ece22268c8a5927d032", "text": "Ruth Gabriel Ruth Gabriel ( born Ruth Sánchez Bueno , San Fernando , Cadiz , Spain ; July 10 , 1975 ) is a Spanish actress . Daughter of the actor Ismael Sánchez Abellán and actress and writer Ana María Bueno ( better known as Ana Rosetti ) , Gabriel was born in San Fernando , Cadiz , but spent her childhood in Madrid . At 14 years of age , she moved to the United States , where she took interpretation classes . She later continued her education in Florence , where her mother had moved . Upon returning to Madrid , she continued her artistic development through dance and fencing classes , working as a waiter . She took the name Ruth Gabriel when she acted in her first film , Días contados by Imanol Uribe . She received the Concha de Oro and the Goya Award for Best New Actress and was nominated for Best Leading Actress . She acted in Señales de fuego , by the Portuguese Luis Filipe Rocha ; Gran Slalom , by Jaime Chávarri ; and 99.9 , by Agustí Villaronga . She participated in the first season of the series Querido maestro , with Imanol Arias y Emma Suárez between 1997 and 1998 . In 1997 she appeared in Nostromo . Her first interpretation job was for the Spanish version of Sesame Street ( Barrio Sésamo '' ) ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec0e53c870241fa437ef056f80d52dfe", "text": "Rotimi Rainwater Rotimi James Rainwater ( born November 29 , 1970 ) is an American writer , director , and producer . He is best known for the feature film Sugar and his work with homeless youth in the documentary Lost in America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9253e02a799f98ca30f60093a211a23", "text": "Lost: The Journey `` Lost : The Journey '' is a clip show narrated by Brian Cox during the first season of Lost . It originally aired on April 27 , 2005 , on ABC , between the 20th and 21st episodes of the season . The special was repeated in the US on May 21 , between the two-part episode , `` Exodus '' , in build-up to the May 25 finale . The special was narrated by Lost actors Evangeline Lilly and Dominic Monaghan in Australia . The show was the first attempt to present in a linear fashion the struggles of the survivors of Oceanic Flight 815 before and after they became stranded on a mysterious island . ABC intended the special to `` bring new viewers up to date -- but which current viewers will also find illuminating . '' In anticipation , the TV critic for the St. Louis Post Dispatch noted that unlike usual clip shows , `` the hour-long recap is , for once , not just a cheap way to stretch out a hit show . This time , it 's a public service . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
0b09731c115e5dee6dd796f93288e44d	Wayne Rooney is a professional footballer.	[ { "docid": "0a3cf0325829fcdc5c44f08b6400c89d", "text": "2006 FIFA World Cup The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th FIFA World Cup , the quadrennial international football world championship tournament . It was held from 9 June to 9 July 2006 in Germany , which won the right to host the event in July 2000 . Teams representing 198 national football associations from all six populated continents participated in the qualification process which began in September 2003 . Thirty-one teams qualified from this process , along with the host nation , Germany , for the finals tournament . It was the second time that Germany staged the competition ( the first was in 1974 as West Germany and also a re-FIFA World Cup ) , and the tenth time that it was held in Europe . Italy won the tournament , claiming their fourth World Cup title . They defeated France 5 -- 3 in a penalty shootout in the final , after extra time had finished in a 1 -- 1 draw . Germany defeated Portugal 3 -- 1 to finish in third place . Angola , Ghana , Ivory Coast , Serbia and Montenegro , Trinidad and Tobago , and Togo made their first appearances in the finals . The 2006 World Cup stands as one of the most watched events in television history , garnering an estimated 26.29 billion non-unique viewers , compiled over the course of the tournament . The final attracted an estimated audience of 715.1 million people . The 2006 World Cup ranks fourth in non-unique viewers , behind the World Cup in 1994 , 2002 , and 1990 . As the winner , Italy represented the World in the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "435b98c9611c85a234a1e28001b5e386", "text": "Premier League The Premier League is an English professional league for men 's association football clubs . At the top of the English football league system , it is the country 's primary football competition . Contested by 20 clubs , it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League ( EFL ; known as `` The Football League '' before 2016 -- 17 ) . Welsh clubs that compete in the English football league system can also qualify . The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders . Seasons run from August to May . Teams play 38 matches each ( playing each team in the league twice , home and away ) , totalling 380 matches in the season . Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons ; others during weekday evenings . It is colloquially known as the Premiership and outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League ( EPL ) . The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League , which was founded in 1888 , and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal . The deal was worth # 1 billion a year domestically as of 2013 -- 14 , with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively . The league generates $ 2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights . In 2014/15 , teams were apportioned revenues of # 1.6 billion . The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world , broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people . In the 2014 -- 15 season , the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000 , second highest of any professional football league behind the Bundesliga 's 43,500 . Most stadium occupancies are near capacity . The Premier League ranks third in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons . While 47 clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992 , only six have won the title : Manchester United ( 13 ) , Chelsea ( 5 ) , Arsenal ( 3 ) , Manchester City ( 2 ) , Blackburn Rovers ( 1 ) and Leicester City ( 1 ) . The current champions are Chelsea , who secured the 2016 -- 17 title in early May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c23a53641db4cfa9f94adcc5d77bf6c", "text": "Wayne Rooney Wayne Mark Rooney ( -LSB- ˈruːni -RSB- born 24 October 1985 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for and captains both Manchester United and the England national team . He has played much of his career as a forward , and he has also been used in various midfield roles . He is the record goalscorer for the England national team and for Manchester United . Aged nine , Rooney joined the youth team of Everton , for whom he made his professional debut in 2002 at the age of 16 . He spent two seasons at the Merseyside club , before moving to Manchester United for # 25.6 million in the 2004 summer transfer window . Since then , with Rooney in the team , United have won the Premier League five times , the UEFA Champions League once , the FIFA Club World Cup once , the FA Community Shield four times , the Football League Cup thrice , the FA Cup once and the UEFA Europa League once . In September 2013 , Rooney scored his 200th goal for Manchester United . He is currently on 253 goals in all competitions which makes him the club 's top goalscorer of all time . His 198 Premier League goals make him the competition 's second top scorer of all time , behind Alan Shearer . Rooney holds the record for most goals for one club in the Premier League , with 183 for Manchester United . Rooney made his senior international debut in February 2003 aged 17 , becoming the youngest player to represent England ( a record since broken by Theo Walcott ) and he is England 's youngest ever goalscorer . He played at UEFA Euro 2004 and scored four goals , briefly becoming the youngest goalscorer in the history of the European Championship . Rooney has since featured at the 2006 , 2010 and 2014 World Cups and is widely regarded as his country 's best player . He has won the England Player of the Year award four times , in 2008 , 2009 , 2014 and 2015 . With 53 goals in 118 international caps , Rooney is England 's all-time record goalscorer and second most-capped player , behind Peter Shilton . Along with David Beckham , Rooney is the most red carded player for England , having been sent off twice . In 2009 -- 10 , Rooney was awarded the PFA Players ' Player of the Year and the FWA Footballer of the Year . He has won the Premier League Player of the Month award five times , a record only bettered by Steven Gerrard . He came fifth in the vote for the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or and was named in the FIFPro World 11 for 2011 . Rooney has won the Goal of the Season award by the BBC 's Match of the Day poll on three occasions , with his bicycle kick against rivals Manchester City winning the Premier League Goal of the 20 Seasons award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8e5605c6d5756701022cd9b83ebfdbd", "text": "Manchester United F.C. Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford , Greater Manchester , England , that competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . Nicknamed `` the Red Devils '' , the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878 , changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium , Old Trafford , in 1910 . Manchester United are the most successful club in England , having won a record 20 League Titles , 12 FA Cups , 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields . The club has also won three UEFA Champions League , one UEFA Europa League , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup . In 1998 -- 99 , the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League , the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League . In 2016 -- 17 , they also , by winning the UEFA Europa League , became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions . In winning all three top domestic trophies ( as well as both iterations of the English championship ) , all three major European trophies , both the domestic and European super cups , and both international titles ( the now-defunct Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and its successor , the FIFA World Club Cup in 2008 ) , the club has achieved a clean sweep of all top honours available to it ; the first and thus far only English club to do so . The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players . In 1968 , under the management of Matt Busby , Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup . Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager , including 13 Premier League titles , 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues , between 1986 and 2013 , when he announced his retirement . José Mourinho is the club 's current manager , having been appointed on 27 May 2016 . Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2015 -- 16 , with an annual revenue of $ 689 million , and the world 's third most valuable football club in 2015 , valued at # 1.98 billion . As of June 2015 , it is the world 's most valuable football brand , estimated to be worth $ 1.2 billion . After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 , the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost # 800 million , after which the company was taken private again , before going public once more in August 2012 , when they made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange . Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world , and holds several rivalries with other clubs , most notably with Liverpool , Manchester City and Leeds United , and more recently with Arsenal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "885dc356affe5e7542bb9d24ece9be32", "text": "2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or The 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala was the second year for FIFA 's awards for the top football players and coaches of the year . The awards were given out in Zürich on 9 January 2012 , with Lionel Messi claiming the title of world player of the year for the third time in a row . The gala ceremony was hosted by former Ballon d'Or winner Ruud Gullit and broadcast journalist Kay Murray of Real Madrid TV and Fox Soccer Channel , with singer-songwriter James Blunt and his band providing musical entertainment . Individual awards were presented by , among others , Ronaldo , Lothar Matthäus , Pelé and FIFA president Sepp Blatter side-by-side with pop singer Shakira .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cd4ad052e59eb9d78a304157746c253", "text": "Manchester City F.C. Manchester City Football Club is a football club in Manchester , England . Founded in 1880 as St. Mark 's ( West Gorton ) , they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894 . The club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003 , having played at Maine Road since 1923 . The club 's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s when they won the League Championship , FA Cup , League Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup under the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison . After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final , the club went through a period of decline , culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in 1998 . Having regained their Premier League status in the early 2000s , the club was purchased in 2008 by Abu Dhabi United Group and has become one of the wealthiest in the world . Since 2011 the club have won five major honours , including the Premier League in 2012 and 2014 . By 2015 -- 16 , Manchester City had the fifth-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual revenue of $ 463.5 million . In 2016 , Forbes magazine estimated they were the world 's sixth most valuable football club , worth $ 1.92 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa4d2dfab4f2bcaede88a2a1d2eca632", "text": "FWA Footballer of the Year The Football Writers ' Association Footballer of the Year ( often called the FWA Footballer of the Year , or in England simply the Footballer of the Year ) is an annual award given to the player who is adjudged to have been the best of the season in English football . The award has been presented since the 1947 -- 48 season , when the inaugural winner was Blackpool winger Stanley Matthews . The latest winner of the award as of 2016 -- 17 is N'Golo Kante of Chelsea . Eight players have won the award on more than one occasion , the most recent being Cristiano Ronaldo , who won his second award in the 2007 -- 08 season . Thierry Henry has won the award on the most occasions , having won three times in four seasons . The winner is selected by a vote amongst the members of the Football Writers ' Association ( FWA ) , which comprises around 400 football journalists based throughout England . The award was instigated at the suggestion of Charles Buchan , a former professional footballer turned journalist and one of the Association 's founders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3922548f0a08ca5a0c76a0684dac0cf", "text": "List of Premier League players with 100 or more goals Since the Premier League 's formation at the start of the 1992 -- 93 season , 26 players have managed to accrue 100 or more goals in the competition . During the 1995 -- 96 season , Alan Shearer became the first player to score 100 Premier League goals , and holds the record for the fewest games taken to reach 100 , doing so in 124 appearances . He also holds the record for most goals scored in the Premier League . After Shearer , Sergio Agüero is the second-fastest to 100 goals , doing so in 147 games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad99111157193b9c72e85bf4b2042962", "text": "UEFA Euro 2004 The 2004 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2004 or simply Euro 2004 , was the 12th edition of the UEFA European Championship , a quadrennial football competition contested by the men 's national teams of UEFA member associations . The final tournament was hosted for the first time in Portugal , from 12 June to 4 July 2004 , after their bid was selected on 12 October 1999 , over those of Spain and Austria/Hungary . A total of thirty-one matches were played in ten venues across eight cities -- Aveiro , Braga , Coimbra , Guimarães , Faro/Loul é , Leiria , Lisbon and Porto . As in the 1996 and 2000 editions , the final tournament was contested by 16 teams -- the hosts plus the 15 teams that successfully overcame the qualification round , which began in September 2002 . Latvia secured their first participation in a major tournament after overcoming Turkey in the play-offs , while Greece returned to the European Championship after 24 years . The tournament was rich in surprises and upsets : Germany , Spain and Italy were eliminated in the group stage , while France , the defending champions , were knocked out in the quarter-finals by Greece . The Portuguese team recovered from an opening defeat against Greece to reach the final , eliminating England and the Netherlands along the way . For the first time in a major football tournament , the last match featured the same teams as the opening match . Portugal was defeated by Greece with a goal from Angelos Charisteas . Greece 's triumph was unexpected , considering that they had only qualified for two other major tournaments , the UEFA Euro 1980 and the 1994 FIFA World Cup , where they failed to win a single match . During the opening ceremony , one of the tableaux depicted a ship -- symbolising the voyages of the Portuguese explorers -- sailing through a sea that transformed into the flags of all competing countries . In the closing ceremony , Portuguese-Canadian singer Nelly Furtado performed her single and official tournament theme song , `` Força '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bac1385c10c1a8bbfc541deda3d73827", "text": "England national football team The England national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association , the governing body for football in England . England are one of the two oldest national teams in football ; alongside Scotland , whom they played in the world 's first international football match in 1872 . England 's home ground is Wembley Stadium , London , and the current manager is Gareth Southgate . Although part of the United Kingdom , England has always had a representative side that plays in major professional tournaments , though not in the Olympic Games , as the IOC has always recognised United Kingdom representative sides . England contest the FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Championship , which alternate biennially . In contesting for the World Cup seventeen times over the past sixty four years , England won the 1966 World Cup , when they hosted the finals , and achieved a semi final appearance in 1990 . England have never won the UEFA European Football Championship -- after fifteen attempts over fifty-six years -- their best performances were semi final appearances at the 1968 and 1996 Championships , the latter of which they hosted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42b92a8276a3989bb714b9d24490b13f", "text": "List of Manchester United F.C. records and statistics Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club based in Old Trafford , Greater Manchester . The club was founded as Newton Heath LYR F.C. in 1878 and turned professional in 1885 , before joining the Football League in 1892 . After a brush with bankruptcy in 1901 , the club reformed as Manchester United in 1902 . Manchester United currently play in the Premier League , the top tier of English football . They have not been out of the top tier since 1975 , and they have never been lower than the second tier . They have also been involved in European football ever since they became the first English club to enter the European Cup in 1956 . This list encompasses the major honours won by Manchester United and records set by the club , their managers and their players . The player records section includes details of the club 's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions . It also records notable achievements by Manchester United players on the international stage , and the highest transfer fees paid and received by the club . The club 's attendance records , both at Old Trafford , their home since 1910 , and Maine Road , their temporary home from 1946 to 1949 , are also included in the list . The club currently holds the record for the most Premier League titles with 13 , and the highest number of English top-flight titles with 20 . The club 's record appearance maker is Ryan Giggs , who made 963 appearances between 1991 and 2014 , and the club 's record goalscorer is Wayne Rooney , who has scored 253 goals in 559 appearances since 2004 . All stats accurate as of match played 14 May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be1af0130a75395bdbfc794354ebb7fa", "text": "2014 FIFA World Cup The 2014 FIFA World Cup was the 20th FIFA World Cup , the quadrennial world championship for men 's national football teams organized by FIFA . It took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014 , after the country was awarded the hosting rights in 2007 . It was the second time that Brazil staged the competition ( the first was in 1950 ) , and the fifth time that it was held in South America . Thirty-one national teams advanced through qualification competitions to join the host nation in the final tournament . A total of 64 matches were played in 12 venues located in as many host cities across Brazil . For the first time at a World Cup finals , match officials used goal-line technology , as well as vanishing foam for free kicks . FIFA Fan Fests in each host city gathered a total of 5 million people , and the country received 1 million visitors from 202 countries . Every World Cup-winning team since the first edition in 1930 -- Argentina , Brazil , England , France , Germany , Italy , Spain and Uruguay -- qualified for this tournament . Spain , the title holders , were eliminated at the group stage , along with England and Italy . Uruguay were eliminated in the round of 16 , and France exited in the quarter-finals . Host nation Brazil , who had won the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , lost to Germany 7 -- 1 in the semi-finals and eventually finished in fourth place . In the final , Germany defeated Argentina 1 -- 0 to win the tournament and secure the country 's fourth world title , the first after the German reunification in 1990 , when as West Germany they also beat Argentina in the World Cup final . Germany became the first European team to win a World Cup staged in the Americas , and this result marked the first time that sides from the same continent had won three consecutive tournaments ( following Italy in 2006 and Spain in 2010 ) . As the winners , Germany qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aadba8b89158a569e52006220cfe3cd", "text": "Everton F.C. Everton F.C. -LSB- ˈɛvərtən -RSB- is a football club in Liverpool , England , that currently competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . The club have competed in the top division for a record 114 seasons and won the League Championship nine times , and the FA Cup five times . Formed in 1878 , Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first League Championship two seasons later . Following four League Championship and two FA Cup wins , Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period , until a revival in the 1960s , which saw the club win two League Championships and an FA Cup . The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success , with two League Championships , an FA Cup , and the 1985 European Cup Winners ' Cup . The club 's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup . The club 's supporters are known as Evertonians . Everton have a rivalry with neighbours Liverpool , and the two sides contest the Merseyside derby . The club have been based at Goodison Park in Walton , Liverpool , since 1892 , after moving from Anfield following a row over its rent . The club 's home colours are royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d84a314d5858449ea1671815afeb2ae3", "text": "3v3 Soccer 3v3 Soccer is a variety of soccer played between two teams . Each team may only have 3 players on the field at a time ( hence providing the name , `` 3 v 3 '' , `` 3 versus 3 '' , or `` 3 on 3 '' ) . This style of soccer is more commonly referred to as a `` small-sided '' game , as compared to a full game with larger teams . The field used is smaller than a regulation soccer pitch , instead it typically is 30 yards wide by 40 yards long , although these dimensions vary quite a bit when the game is played indoors due to the varied styles and sizes of indoor pitches . It uses a much smaller goal than fullsided soccer . In most 3v3 there is no keeper , although one variant , 3v3 Micro Soccer , does use a keeper . `` 3v3 Soccer '' is claimed to be the fastest growing form of soccer in the World . Its greatest popularity is in the United States , where hundreds , and perhaps thousands of Tournaments take place each year , however it is also now begun to catch on in many other countries . Nike helped to popularize it with its international Joga3 Joga Bonito Tour back in 2006 , in which teams qualified at local events around the World , culminating in a big 3v3 World Cup played in Brazil . It is a much faster paced , and higher scoring game than traditional full sided soccer . The speed of the attack , the use of triangulation , and the strategies bring aspects of Hockey into the game . The quick shift from one end of the field to the other after a goal is scored , or upon loss of possession is reminiscent of Basketball . It requires the blending of individual skills with teamwork . Its gain in popularity is largely because every member of the team gets equal playing time , and equal touches on the ball . All players on the field are a part of the play . Because of the speed of the game , and the fact that players are constantly in motion , there are frequent substitutions . A typical player may be rotated on six times or more in one game . There are no permanently assigned positions as there are in full sided soccer , giving each team member equal status and equal importance . This helps to develop individual skills . Currently there are Four major tours in the United States , Colorado based Kick it 3v3 Soccer http://www.kickit3v3.com/ with their World Championship 's held at the ESPN Wide World Of Sports Complex in Florida , Utah based 3v3 Live , Florida based Challenge3v3 and 3v3 World Tour , a 3v3 soccer tour that offers a 3v3 ranking system . There is also a new California based US 3v3 Soccer is promoting 3v3 soccer throughout California and the West . Canada also finally has its own home grown tour attempting to promote 3v3 there . Ontario based Ultimate 3 on 3 Soccer is the first Canadian based 3v3 Soccer Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7af7fad31f47e6b9df257a6dd2b92c8", "text": "USA Football USA Football is the national governing body for amateur American football in the United States . It is an independent non-profit based in Indianapolis , Indiana . USA Football hosts more than 100 training events annually and offers education programs for coaches and game officials , as well as skill development for young players and resources for youth league administrators . The organization awards more than $ 1,000,000 in equipment grants to youth leagues and high schools each year based on merit and need along with additional resources . USA Football also offers up to $ 500,000 in subsidies for volunteer youth coach background checks . USA Football was endowed by the National Football League and the National Football League Players Association in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7706353a69e60d9b59b3d0e2f7155ff8", "text": "List of sports rivalries A sports rivalry is intense competition between athletic teams or athletes . This pressure of competition is felt by players , coaches , and management , but is perhaps felt strongest by the fans . The intensity of the rivalry varies from a friendly competition on one end to serious violence on the other that , in one case ( the Football War ) , was suggested to have led to military conflicts . Owners typically encourage rivalries as they tend to improve game attendance and television ratings for rivalry matches , but a rivalry that gets out of control can lead to fighting , hooliganism , rioting and some , with career-ending or even fatal consequences . Rivalries stem from various sources . Simple geographic proximity as well as frequent meetings in important games can lead to rivalries . Games between two rivals of close geographical proximity are usually called a local derby , or simply just derby ( UK : -LSB- 'd ɑrbi -RSB- or US : -LSB- ˈdɜrbi -RSB- ) ; a sporting fixture between two teams from the same town , city or region , particularly in association football . The phrase most likely originated from The Derby , a horse race in England , founded by the 12th Earl of Derby in 1780 , since at least as early as 1840 ` derby ' has been used as a noun in English to denote any kind of sporting contest . In the United States , the term crosstown rivalry is more commonly encountered for this type of rivalry . The town of Derby was renowned as the site of a chaotic and exuberant game that involved the whole town and often resulted in fatalities . The goals were at Nuns Mill in the north and the Gallows Balk in the south of the town , and much of the action took place in the River Derwent or the Markeaton Brook . Nominally the players came from All Saints ' and St Peter 's parishes , but in practice the game was a free-for-all with as many as 1,000 players . A Frenchman who observed the match in 1829 wrote in horror , ` if Englishmen call this play , it would be impossible to say what they call fighting ' . The traditional Shrovetide football match is commonplace in the town of Ashbourne , Derbyshire . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0385be0a072d6d4c2b4c73dfb9bb6cfd", "text": "History of the Australian Football League The Australian Football League is the top professional Australian rules football league in the world . The league consists of eighteen teams : nine based in the city of Melbourne , one from regional Victoria , and eight based around other Australian states . The reason for this unbalanced geographic distribution lies in the history of the league , which was based solely within Victoria from the time it was established in 1897 , until the time the league expanded through the addition of clubs from interstate to the existing starting in the 1980s ; until this expansion , the league was known as the Victorian Football League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c11759e0c6e55739984a2a3bb94cea9c", "text": "Art Rooney Award The Art Rooney Award is given annually by the National Football League recognizing outstanding sportsmanship on the playing field . Established in 2015 , the award is named in honor of Art Rooney , Sr. , the founding owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers and a member of the National Football League Hall of Fame . The award is determined by a vote of the NFL players . The award is presented each year to an NFL player who demonstrates on the field the qualities of great sportsmanship , including fair play , respect for opponents , and integrity in competition . Each NFL team nominates one player during the season . A panel of former players from the NFL Legends Community selected from the 32 nominees eight finalists ( four in the American Football Conference ; four in the National Football Conference ) . The panel of Legends Coordinators in the inaugural year was composed of Warrick Dunn , Curtis Martin , Karl Mecklenburg and Leonard Wheeler . Along with the award , the winner receives a $ 25,000 donation from the NFL Foundation to a charity of his choice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acbc132b3fbff5def1e512dff97145ed", "text": "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final . United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b1ad7838713b73bf540c4c6daf01b23", "text": "1981–82 British Home Championship The 1981-82 British Home Championship between the British Home Nations was won by a dominant England football team which won all three of its matches as the tournament returned after being abandoned in 1981 due to civil disturbances in Northern Ireland . The championship was eagerly awaited because for the first time since 1958 , three of the Home Nations were featuring in a World Cup ; the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain and this was a chance to see them in competitive action before the World Cup began . The end-of-season format that had been used throughout the 1970s was dropped as it was felt three games in eight days was too intense at the end of a season and prior to a World Cup . The English began impressively with a heavy victory over Northern Ireland at home , followed by victory away in Wales . The Scots could only manage a draw with the disappointing Irish by contrast although they did beat Wales . The Welsh managed to salvage a result in their third game with a 3 -- 0 defeat of Northern Ireland to claim third place . In the final deciding match in Glasgow , England edged victory through a Paul Mariner goal and thus claimed the championship . In the World Cup , Scotland were eliminated in the first round whilst England went out in the second round without losing a game . The unfancied Irish however provided a shock by beating hosts Spain and eliminating Yugoslavia in the first round before falling victim to the inspired French in round two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8559b2d6acbd57b6c39e86a5f872e3b6", "text": "Rugby union Rugby union is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century . One of the two codes of rugby football , it is based on running with the ball in hand . In its most common form , a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line . In 1845 , the first football laws were written by Rugby School pupils ; other significant events in the early development of rugby include the Blackheath Club 's decision to leave the Football Association in 1863 and the split between rugby union and rugby league in 1895 . Historically an amateur sport , in 1995 restrictions on payments to players were removed , making the game openly professional at the highest level for the first time . World Rugby , originally the International Rugby Football Board ( IRFB ) and from 1998 to 2014 the International Rugby Board ( IRB ) , has been the governing body for rugby union since 1886 . Rugby union spread from the Home Nations of Great Britain and Ireland , and was absorbed by many of the countries associated with the British Empire . Early exponents of the sport included Australia , New Zealand , South Africa and France . Countries that have adopted rugby union as their de facto national sport include Fiji , Georgia , Madagascar , New Zealand , Samoa , Tonga and Wales . Rugby union is played in over 100 countries across six continents ; there are 101 full members and 18 associate members of World Rugby . The Rugby World Cup , first held in 1987 , takes place every four years with the winner of the tournament receiving the Webb Ellis Cup . The Six Nations Championship in Europe and The Rugby Championship in the Southern Hemisphere are major annual competitions . Major domestic competitions include the Premiership Rugby in England , Top 14 in France , the Mitre 10 Cup in New Zealand , National Rugby Championship in Australia , and the Currie Cup in South Africa . Other transnational competitions include the Pro12 , involving Irish , Italian , Scottish and Welsh teams ; the European Rugby Champions Cup , involving the top European teams from their respective domestic competitions ; and Super Rugby , launched in 1996 with Australian , New Zealand and South African teams and since 2016 also including teams in Argentina and Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c0bdba86eca1ea7030e7fcef4e1a211", "text": "2013–14 Manchester City F.C. season The 2013 -- 14 season is Manchester City Football Club 's 112th season of competitive football , its 85th season in the top division of English football and its 17th season in the Premier League since the league was first created , with Manchester City as one of the original 22 founder-members . The season was notable for City 's goal-scoring performances . On 18 January against Cardiff City , City became the fastest club in Premier League history to score 100 competitive goals in all competitions and the first to complete this feat before the end of January . They went on to score 156 goals in all competitions , breaking the previous goal aggregate record of 143 goals set by Manchester United in 1956 -- 57 . Their 100th Premier League goal of the season was scored in the 4 -- 0 victory over Aston Villa on 7 May 2014 . This was the first time City had scored more than 100 league goals in the top English division in a season since 1957 -- 58 . Coincidentally , their 100th goal was notable for another reason , as it became the first goal in all of English league football to be decided via the Hawk-Eye system , which had been rolled out for use in English football at the start of the season . The final tally of 102 league goals was at the time the second-highest Premier League season total and one goal short of Chelsea 's 2009 -- 10 record . This was also the first Premier League season where a team had three individual players each score more than 15 league goals ( Yaya Touré , Sergio Agüero and Edin Džeko ) City recorded their first silverware of the Manuel Pellegrini era on 2 March 2014 , when they lifted the Football League Cup . In doing so , they became the first Manchester City side to lift the famous three-handled trophy since 1976 . Then , on 11 May 2014 , they won the Premier League for the second time in three seasons with a 2 -- 0 win over West Ham United . It was the first time that Manchester City had won two major trophies in a season since the 1969 -- 70 season , when they won the League Cup and the Cup Winners ' Cup , and concluded one of the greatest seasons in the club 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "340b250a705b919e45da47d1f429ceba", "text": "1986–87 Manchester United F.C. season The 1986 -- 87 season was Manchester United 's 85th season in the Football League , and their 12th consecutive season in the top division of English football . The pressure on manager Ron Atkinson after last season 's failed title challenge remained strong after United lost their opening three games of the season , and despite some decent results in the following few weeks , United bowed out of the League Cup in a fourth round replay defeat at Southampton , prompting the dismissal of Atkinson on 6 November 1986 after more than five years in charge . Alex Ferguson was confirmed as Atkinson 's successor within hours , recruited from Scottish side Aberdeen , where he had enjoyed considerable success in the previous seven years . United recovered well in the league after his appointment and finished 11th , managing to scratch up some impressive results including winning both of their league clashes with Liverpool ( results which helped deprive Kenny Dalglish 's side of the league title ) , a 4 -- 1 home win over Newcastle United on New Year 's Day 1987 , a 2 -- 0 home win over a resurgent Arsenal and a 2 -- 0 win at Old Trafford in the Manchester derby which helped push City towards relegation . Their win at Liverpool also made them the only team to win at Liverpool in the league all season . However , United were prevented from finishing even higher in the league by a few disappointing results after Ferguson 's arrival , beginning with a 2 -- 0 defeat in their first game under Ferguson at Oxford United , losing both of their clashes with newly promoted Wimbledon , being beaten at Old Trafford by Norwich City just after Christmas and suffering a 4 -- 0 defeat at Tottenham near the end of the season , although by the time of the Tottenham game it was mathematically impossible for United to either win the title or suffer relegation ( there was no prospect of European qualification due to the ongoing ban on English clubs in Europe following the Heysel disaster two years earlier ) . United also failed to win any another away games in the league apart from the visit to Liverpool on Boxing Day . United 's improvement under Ferguson during the season was achieved without making any major signings , although it was widely expected that he would spend heavily on new players during the 1987 close season . He went on to pay Celtic # 850,000 for high-scoring striker Brian McClair . He strengthened the defence by paying Arsenal # 250,000 for experienced full-back Viv Anderson . Unsuccessful bids were also made for several other players : Ferguson expressed an interest in bringing striker Mark Hateley back to England from Milan , but the player opted to remain overseas and signed for AS Monaco instead . He also made a bid to bring Peter Beardsley back to the club from Newcastle United , but the England international forward instead joined Liverpool for a British record fee . Ferguson was offered the chance to sign Watford winger John Barnes , but declined to make an approach for the player due to his faith in Jesper Olsen in the same position .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dcaf9475aa6170f034692271a0b2768", "text": "Ardeer Thistle F.C. Ardeer Thistle Football Club are a Scottish football club from Stevenston in North Ayrshire . Formed in 1900 , they are based at Ardeer Stadium and are nicknamed `` The Thistle '' . They compete in the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association and players wear red and black home kits and sky blue change strips . The clubs main sponsor is Move2 . Ardeer Stadium is the second home the club has occupied in its history . Previously playing at Ardchoille Park in the Hayocks area of the town , the club suffered badly due to vandalism at the pavilion , and were effectively left homeless . However Ardeer Stadium , a very good facility , existed in the bottom end of the town , having been the former home of the defunct Ardeer Recreation FC who were at one time sponsored by Chemical giants ICI - once a major employer in the town . When Thistle made the move to Ardeer Stadium in the mid-1970s the opening game was between Kilmarnock and St Mirren , who were managed at the time by none other than Alex Ferguson . Stevenston man Gordon Smith played for Kilmarnock in the game . Smith has since gone on to be the one time Chief Executive of the SFA , and is now Director of Football at Rangers FC . Thistle have remained at Ardeer Stadium ever since and have their own supporters group called none other than ` Ardeer Ultras ' , Ardeer still remains a decent facility in Junior football terms , with its large oval terrace and excellent playing surface . The outline of the former ground at Ardchoille can still be seen , and goalposts remain for public use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bd6277e7421623adc37464af284768b", "text": "History of FIFA FIFA ( Fédération Internationale de Football Association ) is the international governing body of association football . It is one of the world 's oldest and largest NGOs , being founded on 21 May 1904 . It has since expanded to include 209 member associations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "950c62d82db6c962c6b42c0be2b95f4c", "text": "Blackburn Rovers F.C. Blackburn Rovers Football Club -LSB- ˈblækbɜrn_ˈroʊvərz -RSB- is a professional association football club based in Ewood , Blackburn in the county of Lancashire , England . It competes in League One following its relegation from the Championship at the conclusion of the 2016 -- 17 season . The club was established in 1875 , becoming a founding member of The Football League in 1888 . It is one of only three clubs to have been both a founder member of the Football League and the Premier League ( the others being Aston Villa and Everton ) . In 1890 , Rovers moved to Ewood Park . Blackburn Rovers have been English champions three times , and have won six FA Cups and one Football League Cup . Blackburn are the only extant club to have won three consecutive FA Cups . The club has spent the majority of its existence in the top flight of English football ( 72 years ) . In 1992 , Rovers gained promotion to the new Premier League a year after being taken over by local entrepreneur Jack Walker , who installed Kenny Dalglish as manager . In 1995 , Rovers became Premier League champions . In the 1998 -- 99 season , the club was relegated . It was promoted back to the Premier League two years later , in the 2000 -- 01 season . It has qualified for the UEFA Cup four times : once as League Cup winners , twice as the Premier League 's sixth-placed team and once via the Intertoto Cup . The 2011 -- 12 season marked the club 's 72nd , non-consecutive , year in the top flight . Rovers are currently one of only six clubs to have won the Premier League , along with Arsenal , Chelsea , Manchester United , Manchester City and Leicester City . The club 's motto is `` Arte et Labore '' , `` By Skill and Hard Work '' in Latin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e52480ff30a7e7f1c7f47f68dc614c2", "text": "1979–80 Manchester United F.C. season The 1979 -- 80 season was Manchester United 's 78th season in the Football League , and their fifth consecutive season in the top division of English football . They finished the season second in the league , just two points behind champions Liverpool , and qualified for the 1980 -- 81 UEFA Cup . It was the first season at the club for new midfielder Ray Wilkins , signed in the 1979 close season for a club record fee of # 750,000 . However , United had gained a reputation for playing generally dull football under Sexton , and by the end of his third season as manager they had still yet to win a major trophy , as Liverpool ruled supreme in the English league .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3d4e3702f626de4f623a4a9d3c23167", "text": "1983–84 Manchester United F.C. season The 1983 -- 84 season was Manchester United 's 82nd season in the Football League , and their 9th consecutive season in the top division of English football . As FA Cup holders they suffered a shock exit at the hands of Third Division underdogs Bournemouth in the third round , but did reach the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners ' Cup and were narrowly defeated by Juventus . They frequently led the league during the season but eventually finish fourth , having been held to a draw in 14 out of 42 games despite losing just eight times . Perhaps the most memorable game of the season was the European Cup Winners ' Cup quarter-final clash with Barcelona of Spain , a side featuring Diego Maradona . After going 2 -- 0 down in the first leg , United achieved a remarkable 3 -- 0 win in the return leg at Old Trafford . It was the breakthrough season at the club for young striker Mark Hughes , who scored four times late in the season , and the final season at the club for midfielder Ray Wilkins who exited Old Trafford at the end of the campaign to sign for Milan . Captain Bryan Robson stayed at the club despite an attempt to sign him by Italian side Juventus . The close season saw the arrival of wingers Gordon Strachan and Jesper Olsen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f38e76fe6e74fc535e2f90d2e1c1997", "text": "Wayne Harrison (footballer, born 1957) Wayne Moffat Harrison ( born 16 October 1957 ) is an English former professional association football player . He played for a number of teams in the Football League throughout his career , making over 90 league appearances . Alongside spells in non-league football , Harrison had a short foray into Finnish football in the 1980s when he signed for Oulun Palloseura and spent two seasons playing in 38 games . He managed Workington and Bamber Bridge in the Northern Premier League and was Assistant Manager at Lancaster City . In the 1998 -- 99 season , Harrison had a short spell as manager of then Northern Premier League side Accrington Stanley . He then went on to be the Academy Director of Youth at Blackpool Football club for 4 years before moving to the USA to further his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a97b9175c878b4ba0b17c7957062f4a", "text": "Wayne Benn Wayne Benn ( born 7 August 1976 in Pontefract , England ) is an English football manager/coach and a former professional footballer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bbadfd38a9a0963481312389805905e", "text": "Rooney Prize for Irish Literature The Rooney Prize for Irish Literature was created in 1976 by the Irish American businessman Dan Rooney , owner and chairman of the NFL Pittsburgh Steelers franchise and former U.S. Ambassador to Ireland . The prize is awarded to Irish writers aged under 40 who are published in Irish or English . Although often associated with individual books , it is intended to reward a body of work . Originally worth # 750 , the current value of the prize is $ 10,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9855389ac392527db9eff4dc16d6e01d", "text": "Marquee player A marquee player is an athlete who is considered exceptionally popular , skilled , or otherwise outstanding , especially in professional sports . Several sports leagues have specific definitions and rules regarding the designation and treatment of marquee players . In the Liga 1 of the Football Association of Indonesia each team is allowed to designate one marquee players . In the A-League of the Football Federation Australia each team is allowed to designate two marquee players whose salaries are exempted from the league 's salary cap . Similarly , in English Premiership rugby marquee players are excluded from salary cap constraints . The All India Football Federation requires each I-League team to feature one marquee player . The federation defines `` marquee players '' as foreign players who have represented their country in one of several international championships . Teams are also allowed to propose other skilled players for the designation.In ISL ( Indian Super League ) also there are marquee players . In World TeamTennis a marquee player is not required to play the entire season and is compensated on a per-match basis . Marquee players are drafted in a marquee draft prior to the roster draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5391ab2fc26e5b8a263e723441535f6", "text": "Heroes and Villains (football fanzine) Heroes and Villains is the title of a football fanzine written by and primarily aimed at fans of Aston Villa F.C. . It was launched in 1989 , and has been in regular print ever since , long surpassing 100 issues . It has been edited from the start by Dave Woodhall . Although of course primarily concerned directly with the fortunes of Aston Villa , occasionally other general football articles and humorous , nostalgic pieces are to be found amongst its pages . It was often critical of Doug Ellis who was the chairman of Aston Villa during the period 1982 to 2006 ( his second spell at the club ) . He was seen by many fans as being complacent and unambitious regarding the fortunes of the team . As with most fanzines , many articles contain much baiting of local rival football clubs and their fans , in this case chiefly Birmingham City F.C. and West Bromwich Albion F.C. However , a goodly part of the fanzine 's contents consist of contributors ' personal views on and memories of experiences derived from being a supporter of Aston Villa . Aston Villa 's richly varied history , particularly that of the last 25 years and within living memory of most contributors , consisting as it does of Villa 's League Championship and European Cup winning achievements of '81 and ' 82 , their mid '80s decline culminating in relegation in ' 87 , followed by a revival under Graham Taylor 's management which led to an unexpected league runners-up spot just 3 seasons later , provides much material . As does a further , also unexpected , runners up placing in ' 93 , league cup triumphs in '94 and ' 96 , and the generally solid but unspectacular performance of the team , up to the 2005-2006 season 's underachievements and the broad feeling of dissatisfaction with the way the club was being run . Something of a running joke in the fanzine concerns Villa 's underachievement in the FA Cup , the club having not won the competition since 1957 , with their only final appearance since then consisting of a dismal performance in losing 1-0 to the pre-Roman Abramovich Chelsea in 2000 . As the 3rd round of the competition - Villa 's usual entry point - approaches each season , many fans come to the agreement that this year is definitely `` our year for the cup ... '' For the start of the 2014-15 season , the fanzine phased out the paper publishing format of distribution , and is now available only to download to computers , mobile devices , and so on . The fanzine also spawned a website forum which remains very popular among Villa supporters .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7801765bb26974d91e867e78cdeb45d4	Billy Ray Cyrus has a child.	[ { "docid": "5df79f86fe8a0f8bce4ae46d8dbfc271", "text": "Billy Ray Cyrus William Ray Cyrus ( born August 25 , 1961 ) is an American singer , songwriter and actor . Having released 12 studio albums and 44 singles since 1992 , he is best known for his number one single `` Achy Breaky Heart '' , which became the first single ever to achieve triple Platinum status in Australia . It was also the best-selling single in the same country in 1992 and was translated into more than 100 languages . Thanks to the video of this hit , the line dance catapulted into the mainstream , becoming a worldwide craze . Cyrus , a multi-platinum selling recording artist , has scored a total of eight top-ten singles on the Billboard Country Songs chart . His most successful album to date is his debut Some Gave All , which has been certified 9 × Multi-Platinum in the United States and is the longest time spent by a debut artist at number one on the Billboard 200 ( 17 consecutive weeks ) and most consecutive chart-topping weeks in the SoundScan era . It is the only album ( from any genre ) in the SoundScan era to log 17 consecutive weeks at number one and is also the top-ranking debut album by a male country artist . It ranked 43 weeks in the top 10 , a total topped by only one country album in history , Ropin ' the Wind by Garth Brooks . Some Gave All was also the first debut album to enter at number one on the Billboard Country Albums chart . The album has also sold more than 20 million copies worldwide and is the best-selling debut album of all time for a solo male artist . Some Gave All was also the best-selling album of 1992 in the US with 4,832,000 copies . In his career , he has released 35 charted singles , of which 16 charted in the top 40 . From 2001 to 2004 , Cyrus starred in the television show Doc . The show was about a country doctor who moved from Montana to New York City . From 2006 to 2011 , he co-starred in the Disney Channel series Hannah Montana with his daughter Miley Cyrus . As of 2016 , he stars as Vernon Brownmule on the CMT series Still the King .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cd43d30f73f1f1e2caae0ce42d996a02", "text": "Barrel children Barrel children are children who are abandoned or `` left behind '' by their parents who are seeking a better life abroad . Dr. Claudette Crawford-Brown , the University of the West Indies academic who first described the phenomenon of barrel children , defines `` barrel children '' as those children who , while waiting in the Caribbean to migrate to their parents in the metropoles of North America and the United Kingdom , receive material resources in the form of food and clothing in lieu of direct care . Dr. Crawford-Brown , in her publication Who will save our children : The plight of the Jamaican child in the nineties , showed that these children have surrogate parents who are often unable to give them the emotional support and nurturance that they need , most of these children may be instead raised by grandparents or close relatives . The impact on these children of this type of neglect includes a range of emotional and behavioural problems including run-away behaviour , withdrawal , depression , and , in some cases , acting-out behaviour . The Trinidad and Tobago News said that for `` barrel children the psychological scars have been great and have been troubling factors unto the second , third and fourth generations . '' The Wellcome Trust discussed barrel children in an article focusing on violence in the Caribbean while it was the title and subject of a short film by Cara Elmslie Weir about a Trinidadian family split by migration , the parents `` sending barrels full of material goods '' from the U.S.A. to their children in Trinidad . UNICEF in Jamaica agreed that `` Migration of parents who seek more lucrative employment abroad has had a negative impact on Jamaican children . Some children are left in the care of strangers , neighbours or even older siblings who are still children . These so-called `` barrel children '' are left without parental guidance or adult supervision and with access to significant material resources in the form of cash remittances and barrels of clothing and toys sent by absentee parents . '' It has also been discussed in Caribbean Studies Journals , conferences on the Caribbean , the Trinidad Guardian and Trinidad Newsday . Discussing absent parents The Trinidad Guardian noted that `` At holiday time , they ship their barrels of love , disguised as brand-name sneakers and clothing , believing that these would make their children happy and make up for them being not around . But the fact remains that children are deprived of the real love of their parents . '' An article published in Newsweek by Brook Larmar entitled the `` Barrel Children '' dramatised the problem in its effects on one particular family . `` The cardboard barrel has been sitting empty in Marsha Flowers 's backyard for more than a month now , but the Jamaican teenager hangs onto it as though it were a sacred totem . And in a way , it is . Five years after her mother immigrated to the United States , leaving Marsha and two sisters to fend for themselves in a Kingston slum , the barrel is one of the few tangible signs of her mother 's love - and of her own frustrated desires . '' Blogs also exist highlighting the experiences of barrel children . Memories of a Caribbean Barrel Child was created by Dr. Anthony Salandy ( a native of Trinidad and Tobago ) to shed light of the experiences and outcomes associated with being a barrel child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002a86e5be4bd3272e0b844f7fd7f1c0", "text": "Rayland Baxter Rayland Baxter , stylized as rayLand Baxter , is an American alternative country musician from Nashville , Tennessee . He is currently signed to ATO Records . Baxter is also the son of musician Bucky Baxter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a21e5dc5a257d7e79ee757f077b86e9", "text": "Billy Edd Wheeler Billy Edward `` Edd '' Wheeler ( born December 9 , 1932 , Boone County , West Virginia ) is an American songwriter , performer , writer , and visual artist . His songs include `` Jackson '' ( Grammy award winner for Johnny Cash and June Carter ) `` The Reverend Mr. Black '' , `` Desert Pete '' , `` Anne '' , `` High Flyin ' Bird '' , `` The Coming of the Roads '' , `` It 's Midnight '' , `` Ode to the Little Brown Shack Out Back '' , `` Coal Tattoo '' , `` Winter Sky '' , and `` Coward of the County '' ( which inspired a 1981 television movie of the same name ) and have been performed by over 160 artists including Judy Collins , Jefferson Airplane , Bobby Darin , The Kingston Trio , Neil Young , Kenny Rogers , Hazel Dickens , Florence and the Machine , Kathy Mattea , Nancy Sinatra , and Elvis Presley . `` Jackson '' was also recorded by Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon for the movie Walk the Line . His song `` Sassafras '' was covered in the folk rock era by Modern Folk Quartet and The West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band . Wheeler is the author-composer of eight plays and musicals , a folk opera ( Song of the Cumberland Gap ) , commissioned by the National Geographic Society , and three outdoor dramas : the long-running Hatfields & McCoys at Beckley , West Virginia , Young Abe Lincoln at Lincoln City , Indiana , and Johnny Appleseed , at Mansfield , Ohio . He has authored six books of humor , four with Loyal Jones of Berea , Kentucky : Laughter in Appalachia , Hometown Humor USA , Curing the Cross-Eyed Mule , and More Laughter in Appalachia , and two as sole author : Outhouse Humor , and Real Country Humor / Jokes from Country Music Personalities . His first novel , Star of Appalachia , was published in January , 2004 , and his second , co-written with Ewel Cornett , Kudzu Covers Manhattan , in 2005 . Song of a Woods Colt , a book of poetry , was published in 1969 . Travis and Other Poems of the Swannanoa Valley ( With Some Poems and Prayers by Dr. Henry W. Jensen ) was published in 1977 . He was the featured author in Appalachian Heritage magazine 's 2008 winter issue , which included 16 of his original paintings . North Carolina 's Our State magazine featured him in its December , 2007 issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea9c0108a6294dff52c06bc0ae860abc", "text": "4x4 (song) `` 4x4 '' is a song by American recording artist Miley Cyrus featuring American rapper Nelly from Cyrus ' fourth studio album Bangerz ( 2013 ) . It was written and produced by Pharrell Williams , with additional songwriting provided by Cyrus and Nelly . The song is a country rap track that discusses having fun through the metaphor of a 4x4 truck . The song is sampled in British indie rock band Alt-J 's 2014 single `` Hunger of the Pine '' . `` 4x4 '' received generally favorable reviews from contemporary music critics , who appreciated its overall production and individuality compared to the other tracks included on Bangerz . Despite not having been released as a single , it peaked at number 41 on the U.S. Billboard Pop Digital Songs chart . Cyrus first performed the song during her episode of MTV Unplugged in January 2014 , and has also performed it during her Bangerz Tour . In August 2014 , Ubisoft revealed that the song will appear in Just Dance 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c58a850aa4509be891a66dfb09a0a2fd", "text": "Born Free (Kid Rock album) Born Free is American artist Kid Rock 's eighth studio album . It released on November 16 , 2010 with the title track being its lead single . The album is a rock and roll collaboration produced by Rick Rubin featuring several high profile artists such as T.I. , Sheryl Crow , and Bob Seger . This is Kid Rock 's first album not to feature a Parental Advisory sticker and his first all-country album . Kid Rock described it as `` very organic blues-based rock and roll '' . Cable network TBS used the title track , `` Born Free '' , for its coverage of the 2010 Major League Baseball postseason . It was announced on June 16 , 2011 that Born Free was certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipments in excess of one million copies . This gives Kid Rock his sixth Platinum album certification in the US . A Michigan only promotion was released with the album . It was a 4-song EP called `` Racing Father Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1e892b5ec36160cb4326f3cb8843a78", "text": "Lil Zane Zane R. Copeland Jr. ( born July 11 , 1982 ) , better known as Lil Zane , is an American rapper and actor born in Yonkers , New York and raised in Atlanta , Georgia . He is best known for his debut album Young World : The Future , released in 2000 , which featured the single `` Callin ' Me '' featuring 112 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eec9e7035b117f38729def0d7f894d6", "text": "Marty Haggard Marty Haggard ( born June 18 , 1958 ) is an American country music singer . He is the son of singer-songwriter Merle Haggard . Between 1981 and 1987 , Haggard charted five singles on the Hot Country Songs charts , in addition to performing in his father 's road band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0791b2c34468a1bd64fc0f11f1583d57", "text": "Last Child `` Last Child '' is a song performed by American rock band Aerosmith . It was written by Steven Tyler and Brad Whitford . It was released as the first single from the band 's album Rocks in 1976 . The song peaked at # 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 , one of many in a string of hit singles for the band in the mid-1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "419ca250fe3025a826bbdf27ca1376ab", "text": "Christmas with Sinatra & Friends Christmas with Sinatra & Friends is a 2009 compilation album by Frank Sinatra . Eight Sinatra songs are taken from A Jolly Christmas from Frank Sinatra and 12 Songs of Christmas . The remaining four tracks feature Rosemary Clooney ( `` White Christmas '' ) , Mel Tormé ( `` The Christmas Song -LSB- Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire -RSB- '' ) , Tony Bennett and Bill Evans ( `` A Child Is Born '' ) , and Ray Charles and Betty Carter ( `` Baby , It 's Cold Outside '' ) . Even though this compilation is relatively short , Christmas with Sinatra and Friends is a fairly solid collection of holiday music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ec50e6d44520a23066275f369aa0602", "text": "Daniel Wayne Smith Daniel Wayne Smith ( January 22 , 1986 -- September 10 , 2006 ) was the son of the American model and actress Anna Nicole and Billy Wayne Smith . He occasionally appeared in his mother 's E! Network reality TV show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96a2d5f42b1614e9136c0cc3282118a1", "text": "Billy Hayes (musician) Billy Hayes ( born August 7 , 1985 ) is an American musician and former drummer and back-up vocalist for Wavves and Jay Reatard . He first performed in the psychedelic pop bands the Barbaras and the Boston Chinks , both based in Memphis , Tennessee . Hayes played drums in Jay Reatard 's band from 2005 to 2009 . While in Reatard 's band , Hayes drummed on the Matador Singles Collection , Watch Me Fall , and a split 7 '' with Sonic Youth . Hayes and bandmate Stephen Pope quit in October 2009 before joining Wavves . In Wavves , he drummed , sang back-up vocals and wrote two songs on their third album King of the Beach : `` Convertible Balloon '' and `` Baby Say Goodbye '' , the album 's closing track . Hayes left Wavves in November 2010 . Hayes ' song `` Stained Glass ( Wo n't You Let Me Into Your Heart ) '' was released on the Wavves EP `` Summer is Forever '' in January 2011 . Hayes has a new band called Cretin Stompers , along with Alex Gates , a guitarist for Wavves , and BIG MUFF , a musician/producer based in Brooklyn , NY . Their debut LP , `` Looking Forward to Being Attacked '' , was released in the Spring of 2014 on HoZac Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e66bca97fc363d7961d99a2dc4db978f", "text": "Bonnie Owens Bonnie Owens ( October 1 , 1929 -- April 24 , 2006 ) , born Bonnie Campbell , was an American country music singer who was married to Buck Owens and later Merle Haggard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d31d660796b74b022bf0a252d6de9ca", "text": "Billy Davis (songwriter) Roquel `` Billy '' Davis ( July 11 , 1932 -- September 2 , 2004 ) , of Detroit , was an American songwriter , record producer , and singer . Davis was also known as a writer/producer of commercial jingles , mostly for Coca-Cola . He was also known as Tyran Carlo on writing credits . Early in his career in Detroit , Davis sang and wrote with an early version of the Four Tops called `` The Four Aims '' , which included his cousin Lawrence Payton . In the late-1950s , he collaborated with Berry Gordy , the Motown Records founder , to write a number of hit songs for Jackie Wilson . The most notable of these was `` Lonely Teardrops '' , written by Davis , Gordy , and Gordy 's sister Gwen , who was Davis 's girlfriend at the time . Davis and Gwen Gordy later founded Anna Records , which was the distributor of the early singles from Berry Gordy 's newly formed Tamla label . The two also wrote `` Reet Petite '' for Wilson , which was a Top 10 hit for the singer in the UK and later topped the British charts in 1986 when re-released . Another success for the two was Marv Johnson 's major hit in 1959 , `` You Got What It Takes '' ( # 2 R&B , # 10 pop ) , as the two continued to work together . In the early 1960s , Davis left Detroit and moved to Chess Records in Chicago , after being persuaded by label owner , Leonard Chess to take charge of the A&R and creative departments , bringing in and supervising in-house songwriters , arrangers and producers , who were aiming now at the soul and crossover pop markets . During this period , he wrote and produced for many artists , including Etta James , The Dells , Billy Stewart , Little Milton , Jackie Ross , Mitty Collier and Fontella Bass , whose 1965 single , `` Rescue Me '' was Davis ' biggest hit ( # 1 R&B , # 4 pop ) . Davis quit Chess towards the end of 1968 , some months before the record company was eventually sold , with his success at the label gaining him a position writing and producing jingles at the McCann Erickson advertising agency in New York City . He eventually rose to Senior Vice-President and Music Director . While at McCann-Erickson , Davis 's primary client was The Coca-Cola Company , for which he produced the famous jingle `` I 'd Like to Teach the World to Sing ( In Perfect Harmony ) '' , used in a 1971 Coca-Cola television advertisement . He also produced other jingles such as `` It 's the Real Thing '' , `` Things Go Better With Coke '' and `` Country Sunshine '' for Coca-Cola ( with country singer Dottie West , who recorded the song ) , and `` If You 've Got the Time '' for Miller Beer . Davis died of natural causes in New Rochelle , New York in September 2004 . He was 72 years old .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "236cf0d7e066f1a70e295b777e413ac4", "text": "Cyrus (metal musician) Cyrus ( born Terje Andersen on 12 May 1975 ) is a Norwegian musician best known as the guitarist of Norwegian black metal band Susperia . He plays guitar and bass guitar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba94c5d05a009eb360b55840b9aeb25", "text": "The Definitive Collection (Billy Ray Cyrus album) The Definitive Collection is a compilation album released from country music singer-songwriter , Billy Ray Cyrus in June 2004 . The album is part of Universal Music Group 's The Definitive Collection series and was released without Cyrus ' supervision , thus no new material was recorded . `` Fastest Horse in a One-Horse Town '' was not previously included on any of Cyrus 's albums , although he recorded it for a compilation called NASCAR : Runnin ' Wide Open .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfd2523b49c43a4a1724f5acbd046e47", "text": "Billy Keys William Amar `` Billy '' Keys ( born on October 26 , 1977 ) is a retired American professional basketball player and basketball coach . At a height of 6 ' 2 '' ( 1.88 m ) and a weight of 210 lbs . ( 95 kg ) , he played at the point guard position . He currently coaches Mayfield High School in Las Cruces , New Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce38f861b55461c3f3ecad733332510c", "text": "Paula Nelson Paula Carlene Nelson ( born October 27 , 1969 in Houston , Texas ) is an American country music singer and disc jockey . She is the daughter of country music singer and musician Willie Nelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fffa3cfc21f76068b3bbfa5769a400d9", "text": "Chalie Boy Charles Williams ( born October 13 , 1979 ) , better known by his stage name Chalie Boy , is an American , Southern rapper and singer , who made his major-label debut in 2009 with the breakout hit single `` I Look Good . '' In 2010 , Chalie Boy made headlines with his 100 + lb . weight loss as he debuted the video `` Deja Blu . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
cd67ff6dd1d73fbcdf6dbc839fb44020	Transformers had deals with several companies for product placement.	[ { "docid": "75db9f71446f58c19d3b2ba4959d44f2", "text": "Transformers (film) Transformers is a 2007 American science fiction action film based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . The film , which combines computer animation with live-action filming , was directed by Michael Bay , with Steven Spielberg serving as executive producer . It was produced by Don Murphy and Tom DeSanto , and is the first installment in the live-action Transformers film series . The film stars Shia LaBeouf as Sam Witwicky , a teenager who gets caught up in a war between the heroic Autobots and the villainous Decepticons , two factions of alien robots who can disguise themselves by transforming into everyday machinery , primarily vehicles . The Autobots intend to use the AllSpark , the object that created their robotic race , to rebuild their home planet Cybertron and end the war , while the Decepticons have the intention of using it to build an army by giving life to the machines of Earth . Tyrese Gibson , Josh Duhamel , Anthony Anderson , Megan Fox , Rachael Taylor , John Turturro , and Jon Voight also star , while voice actors Peter Cullen and Hugo Weaving voice Optimus Prime and Megatron respectively . Murphy and DeSanto developed the project in 2003 , and DeSanto wrote a treatment . Steven Spielberg came on board the following year , hiring Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman to write the screenplay . The U.S. Armed Forces and General Motors ( GM ) loaned vehicles and aircraft during filming , which saved money for the production and added realism to the battle scenes . Hasbro 's promotional campaign for the film included deals with various companies ; advertising included a viral marketing campaign , coordinated releases of prequel comic books , toys , and books , as well as product placement deals with companies such as GM , Burger King , and eBay . Transformers received mixed to positive reviews from critics and fans , and is the 87th highest-grossing film of all-time and was the fifth highest-grossing film of 2007 , grossing $ 709 million worldwide , with an estimated 46 million tickets sold in the US . The film won four awards from the Visual Effects Society and was nominated for three Academy Awards , for Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Visual Effects . LaBeouf 's performance was praised by Empire , and Cullen 's reprisal of Optimus Prime from the 1980s television series was well received by fans . It was soon followed by four sequels : Revenge of the Fallen ( 2009 ) , Dark of the Moon ( 2011 ) , and Age of Extinction ( 2014 ) , the later two of which grossed $ 1 billion . A fifth installment , titled The Last Knight , is scheduled for release on June 23 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5f6955e2999260f06c46c9852757afb", "text": "Massive Dynamic Massive Dynamic is a fictional multinational conglomerate company from the TV series Fringe that develops the advancement of weapons testing , robotics , medical equipment , aeronautics , genetics , pharmaceuticals , telecommunication , energy , transportation , and entertainment technology . Fictionally , the headquarters of Massive Dynamic is located at 655 18th Street , New York ( Olivia ) , However , in reality , the exterior of the new 7 World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan is used as its headquarters . The interior of Massive Dynamic is filmed in The Crystal entrance of the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto , Ontario . In the episode Brown Betty , Massive Dynamic 's headquarters are located in the South Tower of the original World Trade Center . Their ongoing slogan was : `` What do we do ? What do n't we do ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33ea65c5c3e02d55b92275c041ebe07", "text": "Transformers: Victory is an anime series produced by Toei Animation . It is a Japanese-produced spin-off of the well-known original Transformers cartoon , and the final complete animated series from the original `` Generation 1 '' era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e5d02a158890eb0841bc40dafc5822", "text": "Snarl (Transformers) Snarl is the name of several different fictional characters in the various Transformers universes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c4fd258513b86b07e6ddbc317b3d04", "text": "Beast Wars II: Super Life-Form Transformers is a 1998 Japanese Transformers anime series , spawning a movie and a toyline . It was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 1998 to January 1999 , and was the first Transformers anime to be produced by Nihon Ad Systems and animated by the studio Ashi Productions . While its position in the Transformers continuity has previously been unknown , the IDW Publishing comic book mini-series Beast Wars : The Gathering and comments from Transformers writer Simon Furman have shown it is part of the Beast Wars continuity . The series was preceded by Beast Wars , and was followed by Super Life-Form Transformers : Beast Wars Neo . Voices are done by Hozumi Gōda and each episode runs for 30 minutes . This anime was succeeded by Beast Wars Neo . The series has a much lighter tone and is aimed more towards children , whereas the more accessible Beast Wars was intended for a wider age range . The series also uses conventional animation rather than CGI . With the exceptions of the faction leaders , all of the characters within the series are either re-molds or re-colors of earlier Beast Wars figures or Generation 2/Machine Wars figures . In addition to the 43 episodes , there is also a 50-minute movie , Beast Wars II : Lio Convoy 's Close Call ! , which takes place sometime between episodes 32 and 38 , and a manga adaptation by Shoji Imaki . The only other country it was published in is Korea , and it was done by Daewon Media . The anime was also released in Korea , and it was broadcast on SBS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91b5f73aa113859dd59dae084dd2bf09", "text": "Aaron Archer Aaron C. Archer ( born 1972 in Canton , Ohio ) is an illustrator and creative professional who spent over 18 years at Hasbro , designing for toy brands like Transformers , G.I. Joe , and others . Aaron worked on the Transformers brand for over 13 years , collaborating with Takara on hundreds of toys . Aaron acted as the Creative Lead for all Transformers partnerships including four feature films , four video games , five animated series , theme park rides , and countless publishing projects . In 2013 Aaron retired from Hasbro in order to pursue independent projects . Archer has worked on other Hasbro/Kenner toy lines including various Batman lines , Star Wars , and Alien : Resurrection , amongst others . Archer 's earliest Transformers work were designs for the later Beast Wars toys , including Transmetal 2 Megatron , Dinobot , and Cheetor . Archer was the Design VP on the Transformers brand , a role that essentially made him the highest-ranking creative Transformers staffer on the Hasbro side of the business ( Transformers are produced in partnership with Takara ) . Archer managed a design team that is responsible for concept design , both for larger storyline concepts ( Archer claims the idea for the show Transformers : Cybertron was initially created on a Taco Bell napkin over lunch ) and for the look of individual characters , while Takara 's engineers are responsible for converting Hasbro designs into three-dimensional action figure form . Takara also has say in design choices . Archer is also well known in the Transformers fandom for his brief stint posting on the TFW2005 boards under the assumed name `` Orson '' ( a reference to Orson Welles , voice of Unicron ) . Archer responded to fan questions in an unusually cryptic style , answering either-or type questions with a straightforward `` NO '' and only answering specific parts of multi-part questions ( most likely due to non-disclosure issues ) . The `` Orson 's World '' message board was eventually shut down by Hasbro and issued a statement that they wanted to treat all fansites fairly . Prior to working for Hasbro , Archer self-published a comic book , Gumbo , with Jeff McCormack . Both attended the University of Akron , in Akron , Ohio . Some homages to Aaron include the Transformers movie toy Longarm having `` Orson 's Towing '' on the door , the early name for Universe Skalor being listed as `` Archerbot '' , and the Transformers : Animated character `` Angry Archer '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dac4d60c90a9e4740428736d3167e0da", "text": "Spike Witwicky Spike Witwicky is a regular character in the Transformers comics and television series . Spike and the rest of the Witwicky family members are the closest human allies of the Autobots . Their motto is `` No sacrifice , no victory '' . They appeared in the original television and comic book series and later in the live action films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95aab0e5b739dfd04e49502582711fee", "text": "Robotech (novels) In 1987 , the Robotech animated series was adapted into novel form by authors James Luceno and Brian Daley and published by Del Rey Books . Having previously collaborated on the animated series Galaxy Rangers , the pair 's Robotech novels were released under the unified pseudonym of `` Jack McKinney '' . Using fictitious epigraphs in the style of Dune , McKinney 's novels escaped the limitations inherent in the dubbed cartoon and fleshed out its chronology in greater detail ; most significantly , by adapting the storyline of the aborted sequel project , `` The Sentinels '' . The entire series lasted for twenty-one books , the first fifteen of which were later collected into five three-book omnibus compilations in the early 1990s . The original twelve novels were written to a tight twelve-month deadline , so that the books could be released one per month . Under this deadline , Daley and Luceno divided the Robotech timeline into twelve segments and worked on different segments simultaneously ( i.e. Daley wrote Book 1 while Luceno wrote Book 2 ) , then traded completed manuscripts for revision and style adjustments . As part of the research project , they watched the TV series many times , and consulted heavily with Carl Macek . The first two omnibus collections , comprising the entirety of the `` Macross Saga '' , were reissued in 2003 to tie in with the release of the Robotech : Battlecry video game . Then , in 2007 , the next two omnibus collections , covering the remainder of the television series , were re-released as tie-ins to the animated movie , Robotech : The Shadow Chronicles . However , a revision of the Robotech timeline made by Harmony Gold alongside the release of the movie caused some continuity clashes with the McKinney novels , which were relegated to a `` secondary '' position in Robotech canon . To work around this , the Southern Cross and Invid Invasion collections contain new appendices written by Robotech fan Jonathan L. Switzer correcting any newborn mistakes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6878e3d72851099564b3ac138c934a97", "text": "Bulkhead (Transformers) Bulkhead is the name of four fictional characters from the Transformers franchise . All incarnations of Bulkhead are Autobots and are green in color . He was introduced in Transformers : Energon and later redebuted in Transformers : Animated as a completely new character . The Animated Bulkhead became so popular that he was adapted to reappear in Transformers : Prime . Whereas he was a minor character in Energon , the Animated/Prime Bulkhead appears as a main character in both series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ca9a037e3440c74d8c1aa800b03edb", "text": "Lorenzo di Bonaventura Lorenzo di Bonaventura ( -LSB- loˈrɛntso di bɔ nɑ vɛnˈtu rɑ -RSB- ; born November 29 , 1957 ) is an American film producer and founder of his company Di Bonaventura Pictures . He is best known for producing the Transformers film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "457b0ca0875d0137a4b690633b7f0806", "text": "List of Bionicle toys The following is a list of toys in Lego Bionicle line . They are organized by North American release dates ; major differences in international releases are noted , America and Europe being one of the first to receive them . There are five main kinds of sets : Collectibles are random assortments of pieces to be used as accessories for larger sets . New collectibles were originally released every six months , but were reduced to a yearly schedule as of 2004 . Collectibles are no longer released as of 2007 . Box Sets are the smallest and cheapest independent sets . Though most sets are packaged in cardboard boxes , this article will use the term to describe these small sets . A group of six box sets were released yearly , though in 2007 there were only four . In 2008 , 6 of these were released to correspond with the canister sets , though the boxes themselves were similar to canisters . Box sets contain from around 15 pieces to about 30 . Canister Sets are the main focus in the toyline and the storyline , and are packaged in plastic canisters . Groups of six canister sets are released every six months . Canister sets usually contain around 50 , 60 or 70 pieces . Titans was a term first used for the 2005 large sets , and fans often use the label for similar large character sets . In this article , it will be used to describe any set larger than a canister set ( besides playsets ) . Most Titans contain more than 100 pieces , though larger ones contain at least 200 or 500 . ( Note : The 2007 -- 2009 sets are labeled `` Warriors '' on Bionicle.com . For the time being , this article will continue to use the `` Titan '' label . ) Battle Vehicles are the newest types of sets . They feature canister-set-sized characters on a larger vehicle . They were introduced in 2008 and replaced Playsets . They can be classified as a type of Titan . A few Battle Vehicle sets are about the size and cost of normal titans , however these sets are considerably smaller in size and have Box Set size figures in place of the Canister-size figures . One exception to this is the Toa Ignika set , which contained a vehicle and a Canister-sized set as the rider while still maintaining the normal titan cost . However , the skyboard ( the corresponding vehicle ) is considerably smaller than even other `` normal titan '' vehicles . Playsets were introduced in 2005 and are traditional Lego construction sets ; including minifigures of canister set characters . In 2008 these have been replaced with Battle Vehicle sets ( see above ) . Stars were canister sets in early 2010 that contained Box Set size counterparts of characters from previous years . Each contained a piece of golden armor that would fit onto the Tahu set within that particular toyline . There are also two kinds of other sets : This list also includes specific promotions ; either items packaged with sets or special collectibles available separately . Promotional sets that are officially not part of the toyline are not included , unless they are acknowledged by the storyline . Promotional Bionicle sets are usually under ten pieces and are free . Other models are not categorized in any of the above . Other models includes a few Bionicle pieces , and sometimes a CD or video . Their prices vary widely . Most other models were released in Europe or America . Releases are grouped in this list into six-month periods , the beginnings of which are marked by when canister sets are released ; usually around January for winter periods and July for summer periods ( though due to retail schedules , European `` winter '' releases begin around March instead ) . Some sets are labeled `` store exclusive '' ; they are only available at that store and directly through Lego ( both Lego outlet stores and the Lego Shop At Home website ) , such as an unnumbered set of random Bionicle parts in a plastic bag .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3253e9f142ab83a1660d5f2bfe46e77a", "text": "Seaspray (Transformers) Seaspray is the name of several fictional characters in the Transformers series . They are all Autobot hovercrafts . In later toys he is called `` Sea Spray . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc556dc58069f07d69252b0bf1b3247d", "text": "List of Transformers spacecraft This is a list of spacecraft appearing in the fictional Transformers storyline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d869eb56c68b69e6ebea0ba8ae49ffe", "text": "Enoki Films is a producer of anime based in the Enoki Building in Shinjuku , Tokyo . Enoki Films also had a North American division , established in 1986 , headquartered in the Encino area of Los Angeles , California , United States called Enoki Films USA , Inc. . Enoki Films USA acted as a middle-man between Japanese companies and American licensees such as 4Kids Entertainment and Saban . In May 2007 it was announced that their content would also be provided as video on demand by Internet startup ReelTime.com ( worldwide except Japan ) . As of 2002 Enoki licenses anime but sub-licenses its licenses to various distributors instead of distributing them directly . Anime News Network wrote that `` They generally only license TV shows that they hope to also license to TV broadcasters such as Cartoon Network , ABC Family and Fox Kids . '' Some of the anime productions that were listed on Enoki 's website are under alternate names and may list characters under different names as well . In many cases , when sub-licensed to anime home video companies , the original titles and character names have been restored . Enoki 's translations of episode titles and scenarios may also be different than what may be on the official release . If Enoki 's series ' had a separate movie or direct-to-video production , it is usually not licensed by Enoki , and the film or direct-to-video production may be licensed to a separate company than the series ( as is the case with the Slayers movies and OVAs and the Utena movie ) . As of 2016 , Enoki Films ' North American division is now defunct , since it bought its operations to an end in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4afdbab80b061a155aae0cc78a899cbe", "text": "Wheeljack Wheeljack is the name of several robot vehicles in the Transformers franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e1eb519f83e42b10ad55efdda469d9", "text": "The Transformers (1986 video game) The Transformers is a platform shoot 'em up game based on the Transformers franchise . It was written by Denton Designs and released by Ocean Software for the Sinclair Spectrum and Commodore 64 home computers in 1986", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35c1ce30072843edffdd6b027d029db5", "text": "Beast Wars: Transformers (video game) Beast Wars : Transformers is a third-person shooter developed by Sony Computer Entertainment Cambridge and published by Hasbro Interactive and Takara on December 5 , 1997 for PlayStation and May 31 , 1998 for PC . It is based on the popular Transformers : Beast Wars animated series , specifically the first season , after the introduction of Airazor and Inferno .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ae02dcff31a028373956cdd9bb37d8c5	Roger Moore's full surname is Sir Roger George Moore.	[ { "docid": "023c34cd95cfad4b44ba557f3b49b71f", "text": "Roger Moore Sir Roger George Moore , ( -LSB- mɔər -RSB- 14 October 1927 -- 23 May 2017 ) was an English actor . He is best known for playing secret agent James Bond in seven feature films between 1973 and 1985 . He also played Simon Templar in the television series The Saint between 1962 and 1969 . Moore took over the role of Bond from Sean Connery in 1972 , and made his first appearance as 007 in Live and Let Die ( 1973 ) . The longest serving Bond to date , he went on to portray the spy in six more films . Appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1991 , Moore was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2003 for `` services to charity '' . In 2007 he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work on television and in film , aptly located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard . In 2008 , the French government appointed Moore a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0876a75d5596c7c8352f8ab64cd3dfe9", "text": "Edward Moore (English bishop) The Right Reverend Edward Alfred Livingstone Moore , MA was Bishop of Travancore and Cochin from 1925 to 1937 . Moore was born in Oxford on 13 November 1870 into an ecclesiastical family . He was educated at Marlborough and Oriel College , Oxford and was ordained in 1895 . Moore began his career as a curate in Aston , became a CMS Missionary in southern India , Principal of the society 's Divinity School in Madras , and progressed to become Chairman of its Tinnevelly operations until his elevation to the episcopate . Returning to England he was Vicar of Horspath from 1938 until his death on 22 September 1944 . Several schools in India are named after Moore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "061493e08be791d0e47d2a05852a869c", "text": "Baron Headley Lord Headley , Baron Allanson and Winn , of Aghadoe in the County of Kerry , was a title in the Peerage of Ireland . It was created in 1797 for Sir George Allanson-Winn , 1st Baronet , a former Baron of the Court of the Exchequer and Member of Parliament for Ripon . He had already been created a Baronet , of Little Warley in the County of Essex , in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 14 September 1776 . His son , Charles Winn-Allanson , 2nd Baron Headley , represented Ripon , Malton and Ludgershall in Parliament . In 1833 he succeeded a distant relative as 8th Baronet , of Nostel ( see below ) . His nephew , the third Baron ( the son of the Honourable George Allanson-Winn , MP for Malton ) , sat in the House of Lords as an Irish Representative Peer from 1868 to 1877 . His son , the fourth Baron , was an Irish Representative Peer from 1883 to 1913 . His cousin , Rowland Allanson-Winn , 5th Baron Headley , was a prominent convert to Islam . On the death in 1994 of the latter 's younger son , Charles Allanson-Winn , 7th Baron Headley , the titles became extinct . The Baronetcy , of Nostel in the County of York , was created in the Baronetage of England on 3 December 1660 for George Winn . His great-grandson , the fourth Baronet , began the construction of the mansion of Nostell Priory in Yorkshire , which became the seat of the Winn family . The house later came into another branch of the family , the Barons St Oswald . The fourth Baronet 's son , the fifth Baronet , represented Pontefract in the House of Commons . On the death of the seventh Baronet , the title was inherited by his distant relative the second Baron Headley . The Baronetcy remained united with the Barony until their extinction in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44b4bc72601380c131174d2d3c300b66", "text": "Roger Burgoyne Roger Burgoyne may refer to : Sir Roger Burgoyne , 2nd Baronet ( 1618 -- 1677 ) MP for Bedfordshire Sir Roger Burgoyne , 4th Baronet ( d 1716 ) , of the Burgoyne baronets Sir Roger Burgoyne , 6th Baronet ( 1710 -- 1780 ) , Member of Parliament for Bedfordshire 1734-47", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1fac78cb07e0f41082bfcf6a601e59c", "text": "Carew Raleigh This article concerns Sir Walter Raleigh 's brother . For his namesake and nephew , Sir Walter 's son , see Carew Raleigh ( 1605-1666 ) Sir Carew Raleigh or Ralegh ( ca. 1550ca . 1625 ) , was an English naval commander and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1586 and 1622 . He was the elder brother of Sir Walter Raleigh , Raleigh was born in Devon , the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne . He was gentleman of the horse to John Thynne of Longleat for some time before Thynne 's death in 1580 . In 1578 , Raleigh served on the expedition led by his half-brother , Sir Humphrey Gilbert . On his marriage he sold his property in Devon , and settled at Downton House , near Salisbury . He was Lieutenant of the Isle of Portland from 6 July 1584 until 1625 . In 1584 he was elected Member of Parliament for Wiltshire . In 1586 , he was on the list of sea-captains drawn up to meet the threat of a Spanish invasion together with his brother Sir Walter and his two elder half-brothers , George and John . He was re-elected MP for Wiltshire in 1586 . In 1589 he was elected MP for Ludgershall . From 1591 to 1603 he was Vice-Admiral of Dorset . He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth in 1601 at Basing House . In 1601 he was elected MP for Fowey and in 1604 he was elected MP for Downton . He was elected MP for Downton again in 1621 . Aubrey says of Raleigh that he `` had a delicate clear voice , and played skilfully on the olpharion '' Raleigh married Dorothy Thynne , widow of Sir John Thynne and daughter of Sir William Wroughton of Broad Heighton , Wiltshire . Their sons included Walter Raleigh , DD , who became Dean of Wells .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ea36bec97df38252329501737385f8", "text": "Baron Herbert Baron Herbert is a title in the Peerage of England . It was created by writ in 1461 for William Herbert , who was later made Earl of Pembroke . The second Earl of Pembroke surrendered his earldom in return for another earldom , Huntingdon . The barony , however , passed to his daughter Elizabeth , who would later marry the first Earl of Worcester . At Elizabeth 's death , the title passed to her son , who would later inherit the earldom of Worcester . Later , the fifth Earl was made Marquess of Worcester , and the third Marquess became Duke of Beaufort . Thereafter , the barony and dukedom remained united until 1984 , when , upon the death of the tenth Duke , the barony fell into abeyance . Then , in 2002 , the Queen terminated the abeyance of the barony of Herbert in favour of the last holder 's great-nephew , David John Seyfried . Yet it is still unknown as to whether or not the bloodline of the true descendants is placed otherwise in the world abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e14b5a82f298548b3e59d771f69661", "text": "Charles Moore, 11th Earl of Drogheda Charles Garrett Ponsonby Moore , 11th Earl of Drogheda KG , KBE ( 23 April 1910 -- 24 December 1989 ) , styled Viscount Moore until 1957 , was a British peer . Moore was the eldest son of Henry Moore , 10th Earl of Drogheda and his first wife , Kathleen and was educated at Eton . In 1940 , he became a captain in the Territorial Army division of the Royal Artillery . In 1946 , he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of his services as an Assistant Secretary at the Board of Trade and for his work with the Ministry of Production during World War II . In 1946 , he became Managing Director of The Financial Times and inherited his father 's earldom in 1957 . In 1964 , he was promoted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his services as Chairman of the Royal Opera House and on his retirement in 1972 , was appointed a Knight of the Garter . From 1974 , he was President of the Institute of Directors and from 1983 , was Independent National Director of Times Newspapers , holding both posts up until his death . On 16 May 1935 , Drogheda had married Joan Eleanor Carr ( 1903 -- 1989 ) and they had one child , Henry `` Derry '' Dermot Ponsonby ( born 1937 ) , a photographer , who inherited the earldom upon Lord Drogheda 's death in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d82b4c399e88bbe89f859a87fb5921f", "text": "FitzClarence Fitzclarence or FitzClarence is a pseudo-Anglo-Norman name meaning `` son of Clarence '' -- it usually refers to a bastard son of a Duke of Clarence , or a descendant thereof , and was used by them as a surname . The FitzClarence family was an illegitimate branch of the House of Hanover . Prince William , Duke of Clarence , and future king William IV of the United Kingdom , had at least ten children with his mistress Dorothea Jordan , all of whom took the surname FitzClarence . All of them were also granted by their father the rank of a marquess ' younger sons or daughters . The Duke of Clarence 's eldest surviving illegitimate child , George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) , was created Earl of Munster in 1831 and his male-line was continued until the death of Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster in 2000 . Two of Lord Munster 's brothers , Frederick and Augustus ( a priest ) , had issue that were also part of the family . Five daughters of William IV and Dorothy Jordan were married to nobles or prominent military figures , including William Hay , 18th Earl of Erroll , Lucius Cary , 10th Viscount Falkland , and Admiral Lord John Hallyburton . Only one , Mary , had no children . The 10 children of Prince William , Duke of Clarence , future King of Great Britain and his mistress , Dorothy Jordan , and their descendants : George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) and his grandson : Charles FitzClarence ( 1865 -- 1914 ) Henry FitzClarence ( 1795 -- 1817 ) Sophia FitzClarence ( 1796 -- 1837 ) Mary FitzClarence ( 1798 -- 1864 ) Frederick FitzClarence ( 1799 -- 1854 ) Elizabeth FitzClarence ( 1801 -- 1856 ) Adolphus FitzClarence ( rear admiral ) ( 1802 -- 1856 ) ( no issue ) Augusta FitzClarence ( 1803 -- 1865 ) Augustus FitzClarence ( 1805 -- 1854 ) Amelia FitzClarence ( 1807 -- 1858 ) William FitzClarence , 2nd Earl of Munster ( 1824 -- 1901 ) Geoffrey FitzClarence , 3rd Earl of Munster ( 1859 -- 1902 ) Aubrey FitzClarence , 4th Earl of Munster ( 1862 -- 1928 ) Geoffrey FitzClarence , 5th Earl of Munster ( 1906 -- 1975 ) Edward FitzClarence , 6th Earl of Munster ( 1899 -- 1983 ) Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster ( 1926 -- 2000 ) Category : House of Hanover Category : Noble families of the United Kingdom Category : William IV of the United Kingdom Category : Norman-language surnames !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "956d018d15bf94d0d0e5fafaaca8400a", "text": "Roger Jones Roger Jones may refer to : Roger Jones ( footballer , born 1902 ) ( 1902 -- 1967 ) , English football wing-half Roger Jones ( footballer , born 1946 ) ( born 1946 ) , English football goalkeeper Roger Jones ( American football ) ( born 1969 ) , American football player Roger Jones ( mathematician ) , American mathematician Roger Jones ( physicist ) ( born 1953 ) , American physicist and entrepreneur Roger Jones , 1st Viscount Ranelagh ( before 1589 -- 1643 ) , member of the Peerage of Ireland and lord president of Connaught Roger Jones ( MP ) ( c. 1691 -- 1741 ) , British Member of Parliament for Brecon Roger Jones ( Adjutant General ) ( 1789 -- 1852 ) , Adjutant General of the U.S. Army from 1825 to 1852 Roger Jones ( Inspector General ) ( 1831 -- 1889 ) , Inspector General of the U.S. Army from 1888 to 1889 ( son of the above ) Roger Jones ( poet ) ( born 1954 ) , American poet Roger Jones ( pharmacist ) ( born 1943 ) , British businessman and pharmacist Roger W. Jones ( 1908 -- 1993 ) , U.S. government official", "title": "" }, { "docid": "035ceaf95ca0b19626b787d38a3a9f2a", "text": "Roger Martin (actor) Roger Martin is a British actor and theatre director whose acting career has spanned four decades , during which time he has appeared in the theatre and films , while his television roles have included sitcoms and serious dramas . Martin is also the Artistic Director of Fresh Look Theatre and Chairman of the Eastside Educational Trust .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9a51561dbf30206f597222a88d7bba0", "text": "Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury Roger de Montgomerie ( died 1094 ) , also known as Roger the Great de Montgomery , was the first Earl of Shrewsbury , and Earl of Arundel , Sussex . His father was Roger de Montgomery , seigneur of Montgomery , and was a relative , probably a grandnephew , of the Duchess Gunnor , wife of Duke Richard I of Normandy . The elder Roger had large holdings in central Normandy , chiefly in the valley of the Dives , which the younger Roger inherited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d9211255820178ce3053de4e4e579cb", "text": "The Fudge Family in England The Fudge Family in England is an 1835 epistolary verse novel by the Irish-born writer Thomas Moore . It was a sequel to his 1818 work The Fudge Family in Paris , which had depicted the visit of the fictional British Fudge Family to Paris where the daughter Biddy had fallen in love with a young man who she had taken to be the King of Prussia but was in fact a draper . The original work was extremely popular , and Moore had received requests to write a follow-up . He began working on The Fudge Family In Italy , but abandoned it and it was n't until seventeen years after the original that the sequel was released . The sequel is set some years later , in a spa town likely to be Bath where the grown-up Biddy has travelled . Biddy has since become an evangelical Protestant , and because of the large inheritance she is expected to receive she is a target for fortune-hunting Irish suitors . One of these is a `` Mick on the make '' , Patrick Magan who secretly prefers Biddy 's niece Fanny . Magan 's attempts to woo Biddy are undermined by a rival , Mortimer O'Mulligan . O'Mulligan , who had converted from Catholicism to Protestantism in the hope of enriching himself . He marries Biddy while Magan elopes with Fanny . The story concludes with Biddy 's rich uncle leaving his money to Fanny rather than Biddy which leaves O'Mulligan without a penny . The work was less successful than Moore 's earlier work and was not widely reviewed , probably due to a decline in Moore 's popularity , although its critical reception was good . The Times wrote that Moore 's observations were `` as keen , and his satire as pungent , as ever '' . The work was the beginning of the end of Moore 's writing career , and most of the rest of his work was on his unsuccessful four-volume History of Ireland . It is likely that the character of Mortimer O'Mulligan was based on the real-life Mortimer O'Sullivan who had been a fierce critic of Moore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0970b37aaa392e58eca24ae1990c63a2", "text": "Roger Carrick Sir Roger Carrick ( born 13 October 1937 ) is a former British diplomat and an author and business adviser .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a67381c52466aacb649b607f5da6d180", "text": "Geoffrey Moore (disambiguation) Geoffrey Moore may refer to : Geoffrey Moore ( born 1946 ) , consultant and author Geoffrey Moore , son of actor Roger Moore Geoff Moore ( born 1961 ) , musician Geoff Moore ( photographer ) Geoffrey H. Moore , American researcher", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d0bfd954497912f9c0358566e26e8d6", "text": "Baron Mount Temple Baron Mount Temple was a title that was created twice in British history , both times in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . The first creation came on 25 May 1880 when the Liberal politician the Honourable William Cowper-Temple was made Baron Mount Temple , of Mount Temple in the County of Sligo . He was born William Cowper , the second son of Peter Clavering-Cowper , 5th Earl Cowper ( see Earl Cowper for earlier history of the family ) by his wife the Honourable Emily , sister of The 2nd Viscount Melbourne . Emily married as her second husband The 3rd Viscount Palmerston , a man who would serve as British Prime Minister . Lord Palmerston , an Anglo-Irish peer , died in 1865 when the viscountcy and his junior title of Baron Temple , of Mount Temple , became extinct . Emily died 11 September 1869 , leaving her second husband 's estates , including Broadlands in Hampshire , to her second son , William , who thereupon adopted by Royal licence the surname Cowper-Temple , in whose favour the Mount Temple title was revived in 1880 . Lord Mount Temple died without issue on 16 October 1888 when the peerage became extinct . However , it was revived on 13 January 1932 when his great-nephew , the Conservative politician , Wilfrid Ashley , was made Baron Mount Temple , of Lee in the County of Southampton . He was the son of the Honourable Evelyn Ashley , private secretary to and biographer of third Viscount Palmerston and the second son of Anthony Ashley Cooper , 7th Earl of Shaftesbury ( see Earl of Shaftesbury for earlier history of the family ) , husband of Lady Emily Cowper , sister of the first Baron of the first creation . He had already inherited Broadlands . Ashley had been married in 1901 to `` Maudie '' Cassel , only daughter of the Edwardian financier Sir Ernest Cassel , and their elder daughter the Honourable Edwina Ashley , a considerable heiress , was married in 1922 to Lord Louis Mountbatten , later the last Viceroy of India . However , Lord Mount Temple had no sons and the title became extinct on his death on 3 July 1939 . Broadlands passed through Edwina Ashley into the Mountbatten , now Knatchbull family ( see Earl Mountbatten of Burma ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaafa5e895e361968d4704c050ba456c", "text": "Roger Townshend Roger Townshend may refer to : Roger Townshend ( judge ) ( c. 1430 -- 1493 ) , Judge of the Court of Common Pleas , MP for Bramber Roger Townshend ( died 1551 ) , MP for Norfolk , son of the above Roger Townshend ( died 1590 ) , courtier , great-grandson of the above Sir Roger Townshend , 1st Baronet ( c. 1596 -- 1637 ) , grandson of the above Sir Roger Townshend , 2nd Baronet ( 1628 -- 1648 ) , eldest son of the above Roger Townshend ( died 1709 ) , soldier and MP Roger Townshend ( 1708 -- 1760 ) , soldier and MP , younger son of Charles Townshend , 2nd Viscount Townshend", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abb0eec7a4afc569fcb6d56645f7a65f", "text": "James Moore (furniture designer) ïJames Moore ( c. 1670 - October 1726 ) was an 18th-century cabinet maker in London who worked for George I . He was in partnership with John Gumley from 1714 . As royal cabinet-maker he supplied walnut and mahogany furniture for the royal household , the royal yacht , and the king 's servants and mistresses , as well as the rich gilt gesso furniture for which he is best known but which constituted a small part of his output . Early references to Moore are in the Duke of Montagu 's domestic expenses , 1708 , and the entry in the accounts of Lord Hervey , soon created Earl of Bristol , for `` glass piers & sconces '' , 1710 . Moore and his son , James Moore the younger , were among craftsmen furnishing Cannons for James Brydges , 1st Duke of Chandos A gilt gesso table from Stowe House , now at the Victoria and Albert is in the unmistakable style of James Moore ; it bears the cypher and baron 's coronet of Richard Temple , Lord Cobham , and can be dated 1714-18 on that basis . James Moore assumed the position of clerk of the works at Blenheim Palace , completing and furnishing the house after Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough , quarreled with her architect , John Vanbrugh ; Moore had first appeared as the Duchess 's `` glass man '' , providing pier glasses in the house . By 1714 the Duchess referred to him as `` my oracle , Mr. Moore '' who `` certainly has very good sense and I think him very honest and understanding in many trades besides his own . '' Moore is especially known for gilt gesso furniture , tables looking-glass frames and candlestands . A pair of gilt gesso side tables bearing the crowned cypher of George I in the Royal Collection and the pair of candlestands en suite are incised with his name , an unusual practice at the time . At Erddig , gilt gesso furniture by Moore can be linked to surviving bills receipted by James Moore and John Belchier , 1722-26 . The succeeding royal cabinet-maker , Benjamin Goodison , trained in Moore 's workshop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d6c3cd0fbb6ffb27e8fdcde6f0efcd", "text": "Earl Haig Earl Haig is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . It was created in 1919 for Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig . During the First World War , he served as Commander of the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front in France and Belgium ( 1915 -- 18 ) . Haig was made Viscount Dawick and Baron Haig , of Bemersyde in the County of Berwick , at the same time he was given the earldom , also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom The viscountcy of Dawick is used as a courtesy title by the Earl 's son and heir apparent . the titles are held by the first Earl 's grandson , the third Earl , who succeeded his father in 2009 . The family seat is Bemersyde House , near Newtown St. Boswells , Roxburghshire . The family motto is `` Tyde what may '' , which refers to a 13th-century poem by Thomas the Rhymer which predicted that there would always be a Haig in Bemersyde :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26bbd79155c2d0da4ceb1b3ade0a30fa", "text": "House of Grey The House of Grey is an ancient noble English family originating from Creully in Normandy . Its name , initially having been difficult to comprehend in the English language , was variously transliterated as Grey , Grai , Greye , Gray , etc. . In the Middle Ages , the Grey family was first ennobled as Barons Grey of Codnor , of Ruthyn and of Wilton ( later being elevated as viscounts , earls , marquesses and dukes ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a31a3042c7ced101208894c91fa63700", "text": "Sutton baronets There have been four baronetcies created for persons with the surname Sutton , one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and three in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom . One creation is extant as of 2008 . The Sutton Baronetcy , of Norwood Park in the County of Nottingham , was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 14 October 1772 for the politician Richard Sutton . He was the second surviving son of the distinguished diplomat Sir Robert Sutton . The latter was the grandson of Henry Sutton , brother of Robert Sutton , 1st Baron Lexinton ( see Baron Lexinton for more information on this branch of the family ) . Hugh Clement Sutton ( 1867 -- 1928 ) , son of The Henry George Sutton , sixth son of the second Baronet , was a Major-General in the British Army . In the late 19th and early 20th century , the family seat was at Benham Place . However , the house was sold in 1982 . The Sutton Baronetcy , of Moulsey in the County of Surrey , was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 5 March 1806 for Thomas Sutton . The title became extinct on his death in 1813 . The Sutton Baronetcy , of Castle House in barnstead in the County of Surrey , was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 30 May 1919 for George Sutton , Chairman of Amalgamated Press . The title became extinct on his death in 1947 . The Sutton Baronetcy , of Beckenham in the County of Kent , was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 24 June 1922 for George Sutton . The title became extinct on his death in 1934 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab68cc0c1ec26f74a72badeddc75c827", "text": "Roger Pope & Partners Roger Pope & Partners is a London optician with a Royal Warrant from Queen Elizabeth II .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5bb5018ef1b52d0de50d0857004cb66d	France retained close economic and military connections with Algeria and other former colonies in Africa.	[ { "docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886", "text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "eee4a449400e6e17a966e44cf60e6b38", "text": "Roman villas in northwestern Gaul Roman villas in northwestern Gaul ( modern France ) functioned as colonial economic centers . Most villas did not resemble the luxurious , aristocratic country retreats of the Mediterranean region . Their owners were absentee investors ( or the emperor himself ) , managed by local Gauls whose families were rewarded after the Gallo-Roman wars . It is difficult for archeologists to define a villa ; the recovered residences varied in size and style ( often determined by economic function ) . However , all sites designated as `` villas '' contain Roman architectural elements found in homes ( such as mosaics , porticos , columns and square grounds plans ) . At first the new Roman masters physically changed very little in Gaul , simply refining the rural economic system in an already intensely farmed landscape . These refinements took the form of technological improvements and enhancing the economic structure ( which included the transport of goods and raw materials to larger markets ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5a9e37c93f578170e1c28338efb20f8", "text": "Foreign relations of Chad The foreign relations of Chad are significantly influenced by the desire for oil revenue and investment in Chadian oil industry and support for Chadian President Idriss Déby . Chad is officially non-aligned but has close relations with France , the former colonial power . Relations with neighbouring Libya , and Sudan vary periodically . Lately , the Idris Déby regime has been waging an intermittent proxy war with Sudan . Aside from those two countries , Chad generally enjoys good relations with its neighbouring states .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a9d2034f28e8914d612f03672435b89", "text": "Frankfurt proposals The Frankfurt proposals or Frankfurt memorandum was a Coalition peace initiative designed by Austrian minister Metternich . It was offered to French Emperor Napoleon I in November 1813 after he had suffered a decisive military defeat at the Battle of Leipzig . The goal was a peaceful end to the War of the Sixth Coalition . The Allies had reconquered most of Germany up to the Rhine , but they had not decided on the next step . Metternich took the initiative . The Allies , meeting in Frankfurt , drafted the proposals under Metternich 's close supervision . The British diplomat in attendance , Lord Aberdeen , misunderstood London 's position and accepted the moderate terms . The proposal was that Napoleon would remain as Emperor of France , but France would be reduced to its `` natural frontiers . '' The natural frontiers in this case were the Pyrenees mountains , the Alps mountains , and the Rhine River . France would retain control of Belgium , Savoy and the Rhineland ( the west bank of the Rhine River ) , while giving up control of all the rest , including all of Spain , Poland and the Netherlands , and most of Italy and Germany . Metternich and Napoleon , meeting privately at Dresden in June had already discussed the terms . The final version was relayed to Napoleon by the Baron de Saint-Aignon in November . Metternich told Napoleon these were the best terms the Allies were likely to offer ; after further victories , the terms would become harsher and harsher . Metternich 's motivation was to maintain France as a balance against Russian threats , while ending the highly destabilizing series of wars . Napoleon , expecting to win the war , delayed too long and lost this opportunity . By December Austria had signed treaties with the Allies , and London rejected the terms because they might allow Belgium to become a base for the invasion of England . The offer was withdrawn . When the Allies invaded France in late 1813 Napoleon was heavily outnumbered ; he tried to reopen peace negotiations on the basis of accepting the Frankfurt proposals . The Allies now had new , harsher terms that included the retreat of France to its 1791 boundaries , which meant the loss of Belgium . Napoleon adamantly refused . He was finally forced to abdicate and lost his throne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d4f72fdc38fe467162db8c69356e2d6", "text": "Mediterranean Agreements (1887) The Mediterranean Agreements ( German Mittelmeerentente ; French Entente de la Méditerranée ) were a series of treaties signed in 1887 by the United Kingdom with the Italy on 12 February ( through the mediation of Germany ) , with Austria-Hungary on March 24 and with Spain on May 4 . Further notes were exchanged between Britain , Italy and Austria-Hungary on 12 December . On the face of it the treaties recognised the status quo in the Mediterranean Sea . In fact , one of the objectives was to halt the expansion of the Russian Empire in the Balkans and her wish to control the straits of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles . From that perspective it also assured the survival of the Ottoman Empire . It also protected Italian interests against France . Thus it united forces hostile to Russia in the Balkans and to France in North Africa . From the point of view of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck , the benefit of these agreements to which Germany was not a party , was in bringing Britain closer to the Triple Alliance of Germany , Italy and Austria-Hungary . This advantage proved short-lived since Britain achieved a rapprochement with Russia . The Alliance was dissolved in 1896 when Wilhelm II , German Emperor alienated Great Britain with his `` Kruger telegram '' . The treaty potentially conflicted with the Reinsurance Treaty of 1888 , between Germany and Russia . In the secret protocol to the Reinsurance Treaty , Bismarck lent support to Russia 's expansion efforts . Thus the Mediterranean Agreement , while not a de jure contradiction of the Reinsurance Treaty was at least contrary to its spirit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c97c7c19b6849ff423ee0ebdc6c6ccd", "text": "Regions of France France is divided into 18 administrative regions ( région , -LSB- ʁe.ʒjɔ̃ -RSB- ) , including 13 metropolitan regions and 5 overseas regions . The 13 metropolitan regions ( including 12 mainland regions and Corsica ) are each further subdivided into 2 to 13 departments , while the overseas regions consist of only one department each and hence are also referred to as `` overseas departments '' . The current legal concept of region was adopted in 1982 , and in 2016 what had been 27 regions was reduced to 18 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2635d6e5e9835c51d5cf31d4639872ff", "text": "North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) . The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region . North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since . The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world . Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff052fe89bc9e8b9d68dd970afb572c3", "text": "France–Turkey relations French -- Turkish relations cover a long period from the 16th century to the present , starting with the alliance established between Francis I and Suleiman the Magnificent . Relations remained essentially friendly during a period of nearly three centuries , with the resumption of intense contacts from the reign of Louis XIV . Relations became more complex with the invasion of the Ottoman territory of Egypt by Napoleon I in 1798 , and the dawn of the modern era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a699f6127d3753a5b67973b7bcdaaea9", "text": "French Guiana French Guiana ( pronounced -LSB- giːˈɑːnə -RSB- or -LSB- giːˈænə -RSB- , Guyane française -LSB- ɡɥijan fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , officially called Guiana ( Guyane ) , is an overseas department and region of France , located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas . It borders Brazil to the east and south , and Suriname to the west . Its 83,534 km2 area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km2 , with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne , its capital . By land area , it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union . Both the region and the department have been ruled since December 2015 by a single assembly within the framework of a new territorial collectivity , the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity ( French : collectivité territoriale de Guyane ) . This assembly , the French Guiana Assembly ( French : assemblée de Guyane ) , has replaced the former regional council and departmental council , which were both disbanded . The French Guiana Assembly is in charge of regional and departmental government . Its president is Rodolphe Alexandre . The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans . The first French establishment is recorded in 1503 but the French presence did n't really become durable until 1643 and the foundation of Cayenne . Guiana then became a slave colony and saw its population increase until the official abolition of slavery at the time of the French revolution . Guiana temporarily became a French department in 1797 but was gradually transformed into a penal colony with the establishment of a network of camps and penitentiaries spread over the coast where prisoners were sentenced to forced labor . During World War II , the Guianan Félix Éboué was one of the first to stand behind General de Gaulle as early as June 18 , 1940 . Guiana officially rallied Free France in 1943 . It definitively abandoned its status as a colony and became again a French department in 1946 . De Gaulle , who became president , decided to establish the Guiana Space Center in 1965 . It is now operated by the CNES , Arianespace and the European Space Agency ( ESA ) . Several thousand Hmong refugees from Laos migrated to French Guiana in the late 1970s and early 1980s . Nowadays fully integrated in the French central state , Guiana is a part of the European Union , and its official currency is the euro . The region is the most prosperous territory in South America with the highest GDP per capita . A large part of Guiana 's economy derives from the presence of the Guiana Space Centre , now the European Space Agency 's primary launch site near the equator . As elsewhere in France , the official language is French , but each ethnic community has its own language , of which Guianan Creole is the most widely spoken .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bfa601fb791f980eae81f20b3239f69", "text": "Burkina Faso Burkina Faso ( -LSB- usbər ` kiːnə _ , fɑːsoʊ -RSB- ; -LSB- buʁkina faso -RSB- ) is a landlocked country located in West Africa . It covers an area of around 274200 km2 and is surrounded by six countries : Mali to the north ; Niger to the east ; Benin to the southeast ; Togo and Ghana to the south ; and Ivory Coast to the southwest . Its capital is Ouagadougou . In 2014 its population was estimated at just over 17.3 million . Burkina Faso is a francophone country and French is an official language of government and business . Formerly called the Republic of Upper Volta , the country was renamed `` Burkina Faso '' on 4 August 1984 by then-President Thomas Sankara . The citizens of Burkina Faso are known as Burkinabé ( -LSB- bərˈkiːnəbeɪ -RSB- ) . The northwestern part of present-day Burkina Faso was populated by hunter-gatherers from 14,000 BC to 5,000 BC . From the 3rd to the 13th centuries AD , the Iron-Age Bura culture was situated in the territory of present-day southeastern Burkina Faso and southwestern Niger . Various ethnic groups of present-day Burkina Faso , such as the Mossi , Fula and Dyula , arrived in successive waves between the 8th and 15th centuries . From the 11th century the Mossi people established several separate kingdoms . In the 1890s during the European Scramble for Africa , the territory of Burkina Faso was invaded by France , and colonial control was established following a war of conquest between 1896 to 1904 . The territory was made part of French West Africa in 1904 , and the colony of French Upper Volta was established on 1 March 1919 . The colony was named for its location on the upper courses of the Volta River ( the Black , Red and White Volta ) . The Republic of Upper Volta was established on 11 December 1958 as a self-governing colony within the French Community , and on 5 August 1960 it gained full independence , with Maurice Yaméogo as President . After protests by students and labour unions , Yaméogo was deposed in the 1966 coup d'état led by Sangoulé Lamizana , who became President . His rule coincided with the Sahel drought and famine , and facing problems from the country 's traditionally powerful trade unions , he was deposed in the 1980 coup d'état led by Saye Zerbo . Encountering resistance from trade unions once again , Zerbo 's government was overthrown in the 1982 coup d'état led by Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo . The leader of the leftist faction of Ouédraogo 's government , Thomas Sankara , became Prime Minister but was imprisoned . Efforts to free him led to the popularly-supported 1983 coup d'état , in which he became President . Sankara renamed the country to Burkina Faso and launched an ambitious socioeconomic programme which included a nationwide literacy campaign , land redistribution to peasants , railway and road construction and the outlawing of female genital mutilation , forced marriages and polygamy . Sankara was overthrown and killed in the 1987 coup d'état led by Blaise Compaoré -- deteriorating relations with the former coloniser France and its ally the Ivory Coast was the reason given for the coup . In 1987 Blaise Compaoré became President and , after an alleged 1989 coup attempt , was later elected in 1991 and 1998 , elections which were boycotted by the opposition and received a considerably low turnout , and in 2005 . He remained head of state until he was ousted from power by the popular youth upheaval of 31 October 2014 . He then fled to the Ivory Coast . Michel Kafando subsequently became the transitional President of the country . On 16 September 2015 a military coup d'état against the Kafando government was carried out by the Regiment of Presidential Security . On 24 September 2015 , after pressure from the African Union , ECOWAS and the armed forces , the military junta agreed to step down , and Michel Kafando was reinstated as Acting President . In the general election held on 29 November 2015 , Roch Marc Christian Kaboré won in the first round with 53.5 % of the vote and was sworn in as President on 29 December 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "365d6c92ac23286d4b8f76ee7c00555d", "text": "French Évian Accords referendum, 1962 A referendum to approve the Évian Accords ending the Algerian War and granting self-determination to Algeria was held in France on 8 April 1962 . It was approved by 90.8 % of voters with a 75.3 % turnout . On 1 July a second referendum was held in Algeria , with the question `` Do you want Algeria to become an independent state cooperating with France under the conditions defined by the 19 March 1962 declarations ? '' put to voters . Only people living in Algeria could participate in this referendum . Most Europeans had already fled to avoid being killed by the FLN , so they did not vote . This second referendum was approved by over 99.7 % of voters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d96aaafc5e2587be6ed627a067c0b76c", "text": "Central African Empire The Central African Empire ( French : Empire centrafricain ) was a short-lived , self-declared `` constitutional monarchy '' , but in reality an absolute monarchy under a one-party military dictatorship , that replaced the Central African Republic and was , in turn , replaced by the restoration of the Republic . The empire was formed by and under the command of Jean-Bédel Bokassa , president of the Republic , who declared himself Emperor Bokassa I on 4 December 1976 . Bokassa spent the equivalent of over 20 million United States dollars , a third of the country 's government annual income , on his coronation ceremony . The monarchy was abolished and the name `` Central African Republic '' was restored on 21 September 1979 , when Bokassa was ousted with French support . His Palace was destroyed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bd149962af5f092c74b2e7aba244372", "text": "Comoros The Comoros ( -LSB- ˈkɒməroʊz -RSB- جزر القمر , ) , officially the Union of the Comoros ( Comorian : Udzima wa Komori , Union des Comores , الاتحاد القمري ) , is a sovereign archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel off the eastern coast of Africa between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar . Other countries near the Comoros are Tanzania to the northwest and the Seychelles to the northeast . Its capital is Moroni , on Grande Comore . The Union of the Comoros has three official languages -- Comorian , Arabic and French . The religion of the majority of the population is Islam . At 1660 km2 , excluding the contested island of Mayotte , the Comoros is the third-smallest African nation by area . The population , excluding Mayotte , is estimated at 798,000 . As a nation formed at a crossroads of different civilisations , the archipelago is noted for its diverse culture and history . The archipelago was first inhabited by Bantu speakers who came from East Africa , supplemented by Arab and Austronesian immigration . The country consists of three major islands and numerous smaller islands , all in the volcanic Comoros archipelago . The major islands are commonly known by their French names : northwestern-most Grande Comore ( Ngazidja ) ; Mohéli ( Mwali ) ; and Anjouan ( Nzwani ) . In addition , the country has a claim on a fourth major island , southeastern-most Mayotte ( Maore ) , though Mayotte voted against independence from France in 1974 , has never been administered by an independent Comoros government , and continues to be administered by France ( currently as an overseas department ) . France has vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions that would affirm Comorian sovereignty over the island . In addition , Mayotte became an overseas department and a region of France in 2011 following a referendum passed overwhelmingly . It became part of the French colonial empire in the 19th century before becoming independent in 1975 . Since declaring independence , the country has experienced more than 20 coups d'état or attempted coups , with various heads of state assassinated . Along with this constant political instability , the population of the Comoros lives with the worst income inequality of any nation , with a Gini coefficient over 60 % , while also ranking in the worst quartile on the Human Development Index . about half the population lived below the international poverty line of US$ 1.25 a day . The Comoros is a member state of the African Union , Francophonie , Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , Arab League ( of which it is the southernmost state , being the only member state of the Arab League with a tropical climate and also entirely within the Southern Hemisphere ) and the Indian Ocean Commission .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3d17a8eaf9cce962aa702aa4f08819d", "text": "Ghana Empire The Ghana Empire ( c. 400 until c. 1200 ) , properly known as Awkar ( Ghana or Ga ` na being the title of its ruler ) was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and western Mali . Complex societies based on trans-Saharan trade with salt and gold had existed in the region since ancient times But the introduction of the camel to western Sahara in the 3rd century A.D. gave way to great changes in the area that became the Ghana Empire . By the time of the Muslim conquest of North Africa in the 7th century the camel had changed the ancient more irregular trade routes into a trade network running from Morocco to the Niger river . The Ghana Empire grew rich from this increased trans-Saharan trade in gold and salt allowing for larger urban centres to develop . It furthermore encouraged territorial expansion to gain control over the different trade-routes . When Ghana 's ruling dynasty began is uncertain ; it is mentioned for the first time in written records by Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī in 830 . In the 11th century the Cordoban scholar Abu Ubayd al-Bakri collected stories from a number of travelers to the region , and gave a detailed description of the kingdom . He claimed that the Ghana could `` put 200,000 men into the field , more than 40,000 of them archers '' and noted they had cavalry forces as well . As the empire declined it was finally made a vassal to the rising Mali Empire at some point in the 13th century . When the Gold Coast in 1957 became the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to regain its independence from colonial rule it was renamed in honor of the long gone empire from which the ancestors to the Akan people of modern-day Ghana are thought to have migrated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19280528e20e0ee79b2183b07d4bafdf", "text": "France–Gabon relations Franco-Gabonese relations refer to the current and historical relations between France and Gabon . Relations have been characterized by `` an extreme case ... of neo-colonialism '' by France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a7870dd4663c44fcb4fef6aafe5f00a", "text": "Organisation armée secrète The Organisation armée secrète or OAS ( meaning Secret Army Organisation ) was a short-lived right-wing French dissident paramilitary organization during the Algerian War ( 1954 -- 62 ) . The OAS carried out terrorist attacks , including bombings and assassinations , in an attempt to prevent Algeria 's independence from French colonial rule . Its motto was L'Algérie est française et le restera ( `` Algeria is French and will remain so '' ) . The OAS was formed out of existing networks , calling themselves `` counter-terrorists '' , `` self-defence groups '' , or `` resistance '' , which had carried out attacks on the FLN ( Algerian National Liberation Front ) and their perceived supporters since early in the war . It was officially formed in Francoist Spain , in Madrid in January 1961 , as a response by some French politicians and French military officers to the 8 January 1961 referendum on self-determination concerning Algeria , which had been organised by General de Gaulle . By acts of bombings and targeted assassinations in both metropolitan France and French Algerian territories , which are estimated to have resulted in 2,000 deaths between April 1961 and April 1962 , the OAS attempted to prevent Algerian independence . This campaign culminated in a wave of attacks that followed the March 1962 Evian agreements , which granted independence to Algeria and marked the beginning of the exodus of the pieds-noirs , and in Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry 's 1962 assassination attempt against president de Gaulle in the Paris suburb of Le Petit-Clamart . Another prominent target was the existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre , who supported the FLN . The OAS still has admirers in French nationalist movements . In July 2006 , some OAS sympathisers attempted to relight the flame of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier to commemorate the Oran massacre on 5 July 1962 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d712ac1bba41125aa5bb47d7bf0d2c1f", "text": "Charles V of France Charles V ( 21 January 1338 -- 16 September 1380 ) , called the Wise ( French : `` le Sage '' ) , was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death . In 1349 , as a young prince , Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphiné to rule . This allowed him to bear the title `` Dauphin '' until his coronation , which led to the integration of the Dauphiné into the crown lands of France . After 1350 , all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their coronation . Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . To pay the ransom , Charles raised taxes . As a result , he faced hostility from the nobility , led by Charles the Bad , King of Navarre ; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie , which was channeled through the Estates-General led by Etienne Marcel ; and with peasant revolts known as Jacqueries . Charles overcame all of these rebellions , but in order to liberate his father , he had to conclude the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360 , in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom . Charles became king in 1364 . With the help of talented advisers known as the Marmousets , his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois . He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages , which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed . Led by Bertrand du Guesclin , the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years ' War to Charles ' advantage , and by the end of Charles ' reign , they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360 . Furthermore , the French Navy , led by Jean de Vienne , managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years ' War . Charles V died in 1380 . He was succeeded by his son Charles VI the Mad , whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0582437ed458a4a7b8b06c660cbde93", "text": "French colonial empire The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies , protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward . A distinction is generally made between the `` first colonial empire '' , that existed until 1814 , by which time most of it had been lost , and the `` second colonial empire '' , which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830 . The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam ( 1955 ) and Algeria ( 1962 ) , and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960 . Competing with Spain , Portugal , the United Provinces , and later Britain , France began to establish colonies in North America , the Caribbean , and India in the 17th century . A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests . France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850 , concentrating chiefly in Africa , as well as Indochina and the South Pacific . Republicans , at first hostile to empire , only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire . As it developed the new empire took on roles of trade with France , especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items , as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language , and the Catholic religion . It also provided manpower in the World Wars . It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture . In 1884 the leading proponent of colonialism , Jules Ferry declared ; `` The higher races have a right over the lower races , they have a duty to civilize the inferior races . '' Full citizenship rights -- assimilation -- were offered , although in reality `` assimilation was always receding -LSB- and -RSB- the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens . '' France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire , contrary to Great Britain , and previously Spain and Portugal , with the only notable exception of Algeria , where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority . At its apex , it was one of the largest empires in history . Including metropolitan France , the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11500000 km2 in 1920 , with a population of 110 million people in 1939 . In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . Historian Tony Chafer argues : `` In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation , France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War . '' However , after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority . The French constitution of October 27 , 1946 ( Fourth Republic ) , established the French Union which endured until 1958 . Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic . These now total altogether 119,394 km ² ( 46,098 sq. miles ) , which amounts to only 1 % of the pre-1939 French colonial empire 's area , with 2.7 million people living in them in 2013 . By the 1970s , says Robert Aldrich , the last `` vestiges of empire held little interest for the French . '' He argues , `` Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria , however , what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8398b36dbc4b530d8fd883ba330515d", "text": "Ernest Courtot de Cissey Ernest Louis Octave Courtot de Cissey ( -LSB- ɛʁnɛst kuʁto də sise -RSB- ; 1810 -- 1882 ) was a French general and Prime Minister . de Cissey was born in Paris , educated at the Prytanée National Militaire and , after passing through St Cyr , entered the army in 1832 , becoming captain in 1839 . He saw active service in Algeria , and became chef d'escadron in 1849 and lieutenant-colonel in 1850 . He took part as a colonel in the Crimean War , and after the battle of Inkerman received the rank of general of brigade . In 1863 he was promoted general of division . When the Franco-German War broke out in 1870 , de Cissey was given a divisional command in the Army of the Rhine , and he was included in the surrender of Bazaine 's army at Metz . He was released from captivity only at the end of the war , and on his return was at once appointed by the Versailles government to a command in the army engaged in the suppression of the Commune . From July 1871 de Cissey sat as a deputy , and he had already become minister of war . He occupied this post several times during the critical period of the reorganization of the French army , and served briefly as Prime Minister of France from 1874 to 1875 . In 1875 , he was elected senator for life . In 1880 , whilst holding the command of the XI corps at Nantes , he was accused of having relations with a certain Baroness Kaula , who was said to be a spy in the pay of Germany , and he was in consequence relieved from duty . An inquiry subsequently held resulted in de Cissey 's favour ( 1881 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c17398ae997708bab5b5ac7b6abdb89e", "text": "Règlement Organique (Mount Lebanon) The Règlement Organique ( `` Organic Regulation '' ) was a series of international conventions , between 1860 and 1864 , between the Ottoman Empire and the European Powers , which led to the creation of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate . The 1860 Lebanon conflict led France to intervene and stop the massacre after Ottoman troops had been aiding Islamic forces by either direct support or by disarming Christian forces . France , led by Napoleon III , recalled its ancient role as protector of Christians in the Ottoman Empire which was established in a treaty in 1523 . Following the massacre and an international outcry , the Ottoman Empire agreed on 3 August 1860 to the dispatch of up to 12,000 European soldiers to reestablish order . The region of Syria was then part of the Ottoman Empire . The agreement was further formalized in a convention on 5 September 1860 with Austria , Great Britain , France , Prussia and Russia . France was to supply half of that number , and other countries were to send supplementary forces as needed . The agreement was signed in Paris on 5 September 1860 . An important consequence of the French expedition was the establishment of the autonomy of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate from Syria , with the nomination by the Sultan of an Armenian Christian Governor from Constantinople named Daud Pasha on 9 June 1861 . On the same day , through a further agreement , termed the Beyoglu Protocol , signed between the Ottoman Empire and the European Powers in Beyoğlu , Istanbul , gave that agreement international recognition . The protocol was introduced initially for a period of three years . In September 1864 , a further convention was signed , which confirmed the permanent character of the statute and made minor changes to it . An additional Maronite district was formed and the council under the governor was reorganised ( it now had twelve members-four Maronites , three Druzes , three Greek Orthodoxes and Greek Uniates , one Sunnite and one Shi'a ) . The Règlement Organique of Lebanon remained in that form up till 1914 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e3023260513f9eb0f8d42f8d8e582d", "text": "Colonization Colonization ( or colonisation ) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components . The term is derived from the Latin word colere , which means `` to inhabit '' . Also , colonization refers strictly to migration , for example , to settler colonies in America or Australia , trading posts , and plantations , while colonialism deals with this , along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled `` new territories '' . Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world . In many settled colonies , Western European settlers formed a large majority of the population . Examples include the Americas , Australia and New Zealand . These colonies were occasionally called ` neo-Europes ' . In other places , Western European settlers formed minority groups , who were often dominant in their places of settlement . When Britain started to settle Australia , New Zealand and various other smaller islands , they often regarded the landmasses as terra nullius . Terra nullius meaning 'em pty land ' in Latin . Due to the absence of European farming techniques , the land was deemed unaltered by man and therefore treated as uninhabited , despite the presence of indigenous populations . In the 19th century , laws and ideas such as Mexico 's General Colonization Law and the United States ' Manifest destiny encouraged further colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" } ]	fever
997c17c8c0111ac2ac022561aed2dfdb	Ron Swanson has two ex-wives.	[ { "docid": "948951b97fc04d74cf5af39bad7a9b9f", "text": "Ron Swanson Ronald Ulysses `` Ron '' Swanson is a fictional character portrayed by Nick Offerman from the situation comedy television series Parks and Recreation on NBC , created by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur . In the series , Ron is the director of the Parks and Recreation department of fictional Pawnee , Indiana , and the immediate superior of series protagonist Leslie Knope ( Amy Poehler ) until Knope 's election to the Pawnee City Council at the end of Season 4 . In demeanor , political philosophy and work ethic , Knope and Swanson are very nearly polar opposites : where Knope is sunny and outgoing , decidedly liberal and constantly working , Swanson is distant , and as a staunch libertarian , is a strong advocate for small government -- stating his belief that government should be privatized -- and therefore believes that the parks department should not even exist . Ron , who has an extremely deadpan and masculine personality , actively works to make city hall less effective and despises interacting with the public . He loves meat , woodworking , hunting , whisky , and breakfast foods . He hates and fears his two ex-wives , both named Tammy , one of whom is played by Offerman 's real-life wife , Megan Mullally . Ron claims not to be interested in the personal lives of those around him but actually cares a great deal about his colleagues , and has a particularly strong respect for Leslie . Conceived by series creators Michael Schur and Greg Daniels , Ron has been a central character since the pilot episode of Parks and Recreation . Offerman had some input into the character 's creation , and some aspects of Ron 's personality were inspired by the actor , like his affinity for woodworking and 16-year-old Lagavulin Single Malt Scotch . The traits of the character were also partially inspired by a real-life Libertarian elected official in Burbank , California . Offerman 's portrayal of Ron Swanson has received critical acclaim . The character developed a cult following and is widely considered the breakout character of the series . Schur called Ron `` our cast MVP . '' He was described by some critics as one of the best characters in a situation comedy in decades , and has been called the best comedic character on television since Cosmo Kramer of Seinfeld . Ron 's platonic relationship with Leslie has been compared to that of Mary Richards and Lou Grant in The Mary Tyler Moore Show . Offerman received several award nominations for the role , and won the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy , tying with Ty Burrell of Modern Family .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1e9eb7d710b5fd163477b15fe77eea98", "text": "Ron Peno Ronald `` Ron '' Stephen Peno ( born 1950s ) , who also performed as Ronnie Pop , is an Australian rock singer , he fronted Died Pretty from 1984 to 2002 ; and was a member of early Sydney punk band The Hellcats ( 1977 ) , and followed with The 31st ( in Brisbane , 1979 -- 1981 ) and Screaming Tribesmen ( Brisbane then Sydney , 1981 -- 1983 ) . He was born in Gosford , NSW Central Coast . After Died Pretty , Peno became involved with Darling Downs ( 2004 ) , then with Died Pretty guitarist/songwriter , Brett Myers ' group Noises and Other Voices ( 2006 ) ; he worked on an alt.country collaboration with Kim Salmon . He is now touring with The Superstitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "243f50c6617b35113f92006b33ebceff", "text": "Elon Howard Eaton Elon Howard Eaton ( sometimes Elon Eton ; 8 October 1866 -- 27 March 1934 ) was an American ornithologist , scholar , and author . He was born in the Town of Collins near Springville , New York , the son of Luzerne Eaton and Sophie Newton . As a youth , he took a taxidermy course in Buffalo , New York , where he prepared wildlife he had taken in the field with his shotgun . Eaton was home-schooled and self-taught in rural southern Erie County , although he also attended the Griffith Institute in nearby Springville . He attended the University of Rochester where he graduated in 1890 with a B.A. Subsequently , Eaton received an M.A ( 1893 ) , M.Sc . ( 1910 ) and Sc.D . ( 1927 ) , all from Rochester . After teaching science in local schools , he attended Columbia University ( 1899 -- 1900 ) for additional graduate work , studying paleontology under Henry Fairfield Osborn . Eaton established the biology department in Hobart and William Smith Colleges in 1908 , where he taught until his death . He was the New York State ornithologist from 1908 to 1911 . Each May he led a group of students and fellow ornithologists on a bird survey of Potter Swamp . Part of the delay between volume one and volume two of `` Birds of New York '' was due to his marriage in 1909 to Gertrude Yeames and a heart attack in 1913 . The publication of this work elicited many letters to Eaton , including one from the then-young Roger Tory Peterson . In 1915 , Eaton later married second time , to Ester Woodman . His two marriages produced four children . Elon Eaton also enjoyed a sporting life . Game taken in the field Eaton prepared himself for dinner parties . Eaton died in Geneva , New York of atherosclerosis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c047c6c70499ba3e90d60785f7989e02", "text": "Ron Perry (basketball, born 1958) Ronald K. `` Ron '' Perry ( born March 20 , 1958 ) is an American former basketball and baseball player . He is known particularly for his standout college career at Holy Cross . Perry , the son of former Holy Cross athletic director Ron S. Perry , was a high school star at Catholic Memorial in West Roxbury , Massachusetts . While there , Perry set a Massachusetts state scoring record with 2,481 points in his career , averaging 35 points per game as a senior . He followed in his father 's footsteps , playing both basketball and baseball at Holy Cross . As a freshman shooting guard for the Crusaders , Perry led all freshmen nationally in scoring , netting 23 points per game . Over the course of his four-year career , Perry set the school scoring record with 2,524 points ( 23.2 per game ) . He was named ECAC North co-Player of the Year with Maine 's Rufus Harris as a senior and earned All-American recognition in all four of his varsity seasons . In addition to his basketball career , Perry also excelled as a baseball player for the Crusaders at shortstop . He was also recognized for his achievements in the classroom , earning first team Academic All-American honors in each of his last three seasons in both baseball and basketball . He was inducted into the Academic All-American Hall of Fame in 1996 . Following his graduatiuon from Holy Cross , perry was drafted by both the Chicago White Sox in the 1980 Major League Baseball Draft and by the Boston Celtics in the third round ( 54th pick overall ) of the 1980 NBA draft . After failing to make the Celtics ' roster , Perry opted to try his hand at baseball , playing for the White Sox ' AA affiliate in Glens Falls , New York . He hit .260 in his two seasons with the club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e367393a29fa847fcb6c80de4155d80", "text": "The Swan (TV series) The Swan was a 2004 American reality television program broadcast on Fox in which women who were judged to be ugly were given `` extreme makeovers '' that included several forms of plastic surgery . The title of the series refers to the fairy tale The Ugly Duckling , in which a homely bird matures into a swan . Each contestant was assigned a panel of specialists -- a coach , therapist , trainer , cosmetic surgeons , and a dentist -- who together designed a program of total transformation . The contestants ' work ethic , growth , and achievement was monitored over the course of three months . Each week , two women were featured , and at the episode 's conclusion , one went home while another was selected to move to compete in the Swan pageant at the end of the season for a chance to be deemed The Swan . The first two seasons both aired in 2004 . A third season was tipped to happen , but the show was cancelled in early 2005 after ratings continued to drop . The plastic surgeons on the team were chosen for their ability to perform often startling transformations . Drs. Terry Dubrow and Randal Haworth , both board certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery , were selected by the producers of the show to perform the multiple plastic surgical operations for each of the two aired seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286327c8cb4b3e86c277c94e44b0c7f2", "text": "Linda Ronstadt Linda Maria Ronstadt ( born July 15 , 1946 ) is an American popular music singer . She has earned 11 Grammy Awards , three American Music Awards , two Academy of Country Music awards , an Emmy Award , and an ALMA Award , and many of her albums have been certified gold , platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally . She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award . She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014 . On July 28 , 2014 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities . In total , she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums . Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles , with 21 reaching the top 40 , 10 in the top 10 , three at number 2 , and `` You 're No Good '' at number 1 . This success did not translate to the UK , with only her single `` Blue Bayou '' reaching the UK Top 40 . Her duet with Aaron Neville , `` Do n't Know Much '' , peaked at number 2 in December 1989 . In addition , she has charted 36 albums , 10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart . Her autobiography , Simple Dreams : A Musical Memoir , was published in September 2013 . It debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list . Ronstadt has collaborated with artists in diverse genres , including Bette Midler , Billy Eckstine , Frank Zappa , Rosemary Clooney , Flaco Jiménez , Philip Glass , Warren Zevon , Emmylou Harris , Gram Parsons , Dolly Parton , Neil Young , Johnny Cash , and Nelson Riddle . She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has sold more than 100 million records , making her one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . Christopher Loudon , of Jazz Times , wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is `` blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation . '' After completing her last live concert in late 2009 , Ronstadt retired in 2011 . She was diagnosed as having Parkinson 's disease in December 2012 , which left her unable to sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c87cc7d343e6e47cc87dec8c367b9b", "text": "Karl Swanson Karl Edward Swanson ( December 17 , 1900 -- April 3 , 2002 ) was a second baseman in Major League Baseball during parts of two seasons for the Chicago White Sox . He was the only major leaguer to live through the entire 20th century , being born in the 19th century and dying in the 21st -- Negro League pitcher Silas Simmons is the only other professional athlete with this distinction , dying at the age of 111 in 2006 . At the time of his death , Swanson was the oldest living former major league player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89b957437d9ab9f3ded7de0f1215755f", "text": "Joyce Jillson Joyce Jillson ( December 26 , 1945 -- October 1 , 2004 ) was a syndicated newspaper columnist , best-selling author , actress , and astrologer , whose column was syndicated worldwide in more than 200 papers and magazines . Born Joyce Twichell in Cranston , Rhode Island , she attended Boston University on an opera scholarship . She began her acting career in New York City , where she appeared on Broadway in the Anthony Newley musical , The Roar of the Greasepaint -- The Smell of the Crowd . She starred as Jill Smith in ABC Television 's top rated series Peyton Place . She played the lead role in the 1973 cult action spoof Superchick , and also had a small role in the 1976 exploitation film Slumber Party ' 57 . She began presenting horoscope reports on Los Angeles in 1973 , and was the official astrologer for Twentieth Century Fox Studios , suggesting the most astrologically favorable dates for movie openings , including Star Wars on May 25 , 1977 . She was the official astrologer for the Los Angeles Dodgers as well as a media consultant to the Ford Motor Company on the launch of the Ford Taurus . She was also an author , writing Real Women Do n't Pump Gas , The Fine Art of Flirting , `` A Year of Good Luck '' , and Joyce Jillson 's Lifesigns . Her final manuscripts , Astrology for Dogs and Astrology for Cats were published posthumously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7677d37384754accaa19a98912052c0d", "text": "April Ludgate April Roberta Ludgate-Dwyer ( portrayed by Aubrey Plaza ) is a fictional character in the NBC comedy Parks and Recreation . She is first seen as an apathetic college student working as an intern in the Pawnee Department of Parks and Recreation , before being hired as Ron Swanson 's assistant . She later becomes the Deputy Director of Animal Control . April , along with Plaza 's performance , garnered universal acclaim and has gained popularity for her goth-like behavior and deadpan-style comedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c0dd10c817fc76a7122dd9e53e76b6", "text": "Paul Willson Paul Lee Willson ( born December 25 , 1945 ) is an American actor , most notable for his television work . He was born in Fairmont , Minnesota , the son of Doris Geraldine and Lee Wilford Willson . Willson has played numerous guest characters on a variety of shows including Full House as Stu in episode `` Crimes and Michelle 's Demeanor '' in 1990 , Curb Your Enthusiasm , Boston Public , Caroline in the City , The Newsroom and Star Trek : Voyager . He is perhaps most famous for his repeated guest character of `` Paul Krapence '' on the television show Cheers ( which he also reprised in an episode of the Cheers spin-off , Frasier ) . His character was originally called `` Gregg '' because Paul Vaughn was already playing a character named `` Paul '' on Cheers . For five years ( 1986-1990 ) he was Garry Shandling 's neighbor `` Leonard Smith '' on It 's Garry Shandling 's Show . Willson also appeared on Garry Shandling 's The Larry Sanders Show playing Larry 's accountant , and the brother of Sid the cue card holder . He played Ed , a neighbor , in a few episodes of Malcolm in the Middle . His film appearances include The Pack ( 1977 ) , The Devonsville Terror ( 1983 ) , My Best Friend Is a Vampire ( 1987 ) , Moving ( 1988 ) , 976-EVIL ( 1988 ) , Problem Child 2 ( 1990 ) , Circuitry Man ( 1990 ) , Plughead Rewired : Circuitry Man II ( 1994 ) and the comedy film Office Space ( 1999 ) as one of `` The Bobs '' . Willson also appeared on the CBS sitcoms The King of Queens and The Big Bang Theory . He was recently in a promotional video for the Nintendo DS game Personal Trainer : Cooking with Fred Willard . Although primarily recognized for his television work , he has been noted as a `` great improv player '' by Garry Shandling as a result of their time working together doing improv in the late 1970s . Cheers producer Ken Levine has also acknowledged Willson as `` one of the greatest improv artists I have EVER seen . '' Since 2012 he has appeared in television ads for Safeco Insurance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d39cdba76da488e25b20f3d9947d290d", "text": "Marsha Garces Williams Marsha Garces Williams ( born June 18 , 1956 ) is an American film producer and philanthropist . She is the former wife of actor and comedian Robin Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a35c5d51af99f7fed73cbbfca053b14", "text": "Duets (Linda Ronstadt album) Duets is a compilation album by Linda Ronstadt . It was released on the Rhino Records label in April 2014 , a few days before Ronstadt 's induction into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame . The album peaked at number 32 on the Billboard album chart - Ronstadt 's highest charting album in 24 years . The songs on the album were all previously released with the exception of `` Pretty Bird '' . In his review for AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that `` generally , this Duets emphasizes the sweeter , softer , and slower side of Ronstadt , a move that makes for pleasant listening '' . As of December , 2016 , this release had sold a total of 81,316 copies per Nielsen SoundScan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e484c5e86a6fe786438d2e14aa4d6cd", "text": "The Ex-Wives Club The Ex-Wives Club was a 2007 American reality television program hosted by Shar Jackson and Marla Maples and Angie Everhart . It focused on the hosts helping regular people as they get over painful and difficult divorces . Self-help author Debbie Ford also appeared on the show as a life coach . It was produced by Glassman Media and premiered on ABC on May 28 , 2007 . It was cancelled on June 25 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b72d24db6e3ee47f5a0087950d3e8ce5", "text": "Ron Taylor (actor) Ronald James `` Ron '' Taylor ( October 16 , 1952 -- January 16 , 2002 ) was an American actor , singer and writer . He grew up in Galveston , Texas and later moved to New York City to attend the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . After graduating , Taylor began working in musical theater , appearing in The Wiz ( 1977 ) , before getting his break with the 1982 off-Broadway production Little Shop of Horrors . Taylor voiced the killer plant Audrey II in the show , which ran for five years and over 2,000 performances . Taylor created and starred in the musical revue It Ai n't Nothin ' But the Blues , which charted the history of blues music from its African origin to American success . Originally performed at high schools in Denver as a 45-minute piece , the revue was expanded to two hours , played around the country and opened on Broadway in 1999 . It was met with critical acclaim , ran for eight months , and saw Taylor receive two Tony Award nominations . He also had numerous television roles , appearing in The Simpsons , Twin Peaks , Ally McBeal and L.A. Law . His performance in the latter , as a singer who performed the American national anthem `` The Star-Spangled Banner '' at baseball games , led him to perform the anthem at several real-life sporting events . Taylor was married and had one son . He died in January 2002 after suffering a heart attack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fa9ee1e02ef8243166adf96f4c10f0d", "text": "Maryon Pearson Maryon Elspeth Pearson ( née Moody ; December 13 , 1901 -- December 26 , 1989 ) was the wife of Lester Bowles Pearson , the 14th Prime Minister of Canada . Maryon and Lester Pearson married on August 22 , 1925 . They met at the University of Toronto , where he was a teacher and she was a student . Maryon Pearson was also known for her sharp tongued wit . John English in his biography , Shadow of Heaven : The Life of Lester Pearson , devoted a full chapter to the subject of Mrs. Pearson 's prickly personality . Among her most famous quotations : `` Behind every successful man , there stands a surprised woman . '' -LSB- On the retired former prime minister 's greater time at home -RSB- : `` I married him for better or worse . I did n't marry him for lunch . '' -LSB- On being asked during an election campaign by a reporter , `` Is there anything you 'd like to bring up , Mrs. Pearson ? '' -RSB- `` Yes , three doughnuts and six cups of coffee . '' `` We lost everything . We even won our own constituency . '' `` The big problem is to find suitable hats . I do n't care for them all that much , but you have to wear them in politics . '' It was reportedly also at Maryon Pearson 's behest that the practice of curtseying to the Governor General and his consort was discontinued -- apparently because Pearson refused to act deferentially toward her longtime friend Norah Michener .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b440300fa94585e1880eaa2db8b275df", "text": "Kathy Davison Kathleen A. `` Kathy '' Davison ( born October 1 , 1945 ) is a Republican member of the Wyoming House of Representatives . She is a Latter-day Saint . she is currently sponsoring House Bill 120 to make Assisted Suicide a crime , and House Bill 132 to make the killing of an unborn child along with her mother a double murder . With the conviction of the husband or boyfriend killing the mother . His parental rights will be terminated . Davison and her husband William Davison are the parents of four children . She is lds . She retired from legislation at the end of 2014 . She is still keeping active about the committees that she truly enjoyed helping out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62b1cb8a1bc607296787c01610a012b0", "text": "The Girlfriends The Girlfriends were an American girl group who scored one hit in the United States in 1964 , `` My One and Only Jimmy Boy '' . The group was founded as a result of the splintering of the Los Angeles-based studio group The Blossoms . The four members of the Blossoms - Gloria Jones , Nanette Williams , Fanita James , and Darlene Wright - first sang together in 1957 . In 1962 , Phil Spector created the group Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans with James and Wright ; Jones and Williams then formed their own group , The Girlfriends , with Carolyn Willis ( formerly of The Ikettes ) . They released one single , `` My One and Only Jimmy Boy '' , on Colpix Records in 1963 , written and produced by David Gates . The record peaked at # 49 in 1964 . The Girlfriends never released another record . Willis later joined Honey Cone and both she and Jones sang in one of the nostalgia-circuit groups performing as The Shirelles in the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "477dae1b042e339faa33727b9ee479c5", "text": "Ronald King (disambiguation) Ronald or Ron King may refer to : Ronald King ( 1909 -- 1988 ) , a New Zealand rugby player Ronald Gordon `` Dick '' King-Smith ( 1922 -- 2011 ) , an English author of children 's books Ron King ( b. 1951 ) , an American basketball player Ron `` Suki '' King ( b. 1956 ) , a Barbadian chequers player Ronald `` Stacey '' King ( b. 1967 ) , an American basketball player", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4faf0153c258c06a8cf0805a88a28aeb", "text": "Ron Kaplan Ron Kaplan ( רון קפלן ; born May 1 , 1970 ) is an Israeli former Olympic gymnast . A four-time national champion , he won a gold medal for Israel in the 1989 Maccabiah Games . He also competed for Israel in two European Men 's Artistic Gymnastics Championships , as well as four World Artistic Gymnastics Championships , and represented Israel at the 1992 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "134a5ade1e3a28055c4fcca5305ea31d", "text": "Ron Robertson-Swann Ron Robertson-Swann OAM ( born 1941 , Sydney ) , is an Australian sculptor , best known for his controversial abstract public sculpture Vault ( 1980 ) . His sculpture has been described as being in the Anthony Caro style , which he adopted after studying at Saint Martin 's School of Art , London , in the 1960s . He studied under Lyndon Dadswell and was an assistant to Henry Moore . He is Head of Sculpture at the National Art School and is the artistic adviser to the popular annual exhibition Sculpture by the Sea . He was a founding member of the Visual Arts Board of the Australia Council and has won numerous awards including the Comalco Invitational Sculpture Award , the Transfeld Prize and the Alice Prize . Graeme Sturgeon , the pre-eminent Australian sculpture historian and critic , described Robertson-Swann in 1980 as `` the most consistent of the Classic Formalist , that is , the one most concerned to produce a sculpture which , while obviously of its era , transcends considerations of style in search of a timeless sense of rightness . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cdd9c2fd318bcd6ee907ba7b12d9694", "text": "Ron Stander Ron Stander ( born October 17 , 1944 ) is a former professional boxer , who fought from 1969 to 1982 . He challenged for the world heavyweight championship in 1972 , losing to Joe Frazier by fifth round technical knockout . He scored a fifth round knockout victory over hard-punching Earnie Shavers in 1970 , and a points decision win over contender Thad Spencer in 1971 . An award-winning documentary entitled `` The Bluffs Butcher , '' after his adopted hometown of Council Bluffs , IA , produced by journalism student Andrew Batt was released in 2004 . The documentary told the story of Iowa 's arguably best shot at a World Heavyweight Boxing Title and chronicled Stander 's journey from virtual unknown to boxing 's largest stage .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2745e26c4b31202cb0ff6f4c777213a8	Ready Player One won an award for libertarian science fiction novels.	[ { "docid": "956e7115556e16b885409c4fce7084e8", "text": "Ready Player One Ready Player One is a 2011 dystopian science-fiction novel , and the debut novel by Ernest Cline . In 2012 , the book received an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association division of the American Library Association and won the 2012 Prometheus Award . Cline sold the novel in June 2010 , in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group ( a division of Random House ) . The book was published on August 16 , 2011 . An audiobook was released the same day ; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton , who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters . A film adaptation , directed by Steven Spielberg , is currently in production , and slated to premiere in spring 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3f456554e52bd27d62bf9bffd6d3a26", "text": "Prometheus Award The Prometheus Award is an award for libertarian science fiction novels given annually by the Libertarian Futurist Society , which also publishes the quarterly journal Prometheus . L. Neil Smith established the award in 1979 , but it was not awarded regularly until the newly founded Libertarian Futurist Society revived it in 1982 . The Society created a Hall of Fame Award ( for classic works of libertarian science fiction , not necessarily novels ) in 1983 , and also presents occasional one-off awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "af3ce0d0a30279459dce4840bdfe927e", "text": "Open World Press Open World Press is a publisher of role-playing games , founded in 2001 by Ed Cha , best known for its `` World of Whitethorn '' series of adventure settings . It is a member of Indie Press Revolution , a fulfillment house for publishers of indie role-playing games . Open World Press was nominated as `` The Most Exciting New Company to Emerge '' in 2003 by GameWyrd . In 2005 , `` World of Whitethorn 1B : The Village of Oester '' published by Open World Press was nominated for an ENnie as `` Best Adventure of the Year '' . In that same year , Open World Press gave permission to author William Kooiker to publish the fantasy novel `` Tower of Ruin '' based on the characters and plotline in `` World of Whitethorn 1B : The Village of Oester '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95aab0e5b739dfd04e49502582711fee", "text": "Robotech (novels) In 1987 , the Robotech animated series was adapted into novel form by authors James Luceno and Brian Daley and published by Del Rey Books . Having previously collaborated on the animated series Galaxy Rangers , the pair 's Robotech novels were released under the unified pseudonym of `` Jack McKinney '' . Using fictitious epigraphs in the style of Dune , McKinney 's novels escaped the limitations inherent in the dubbed cartoon and fleshed out its chronology in greater detail ; most significantly , by adapting the storyline of the aborted sequel project , `` The Sentinels '' . The entire series lasted for twenty-one books , the first fifteen of which were later collected into five three-book omnibus compilations in the early 1990s . The original twelve novels were written to a tight twelve-month deadline , so that the books could be released one per month . Under this deadline , Daley and Luceno divided the Robotech timeline into twelve segments and worked on different segments simultaneously ( i.e. Daley wrote Book 1 while Luceno wrote Book 2 ) , then traded completed manuscripts for revision and style adjustments . As part of the research project , they watched the TV series many times , and consulted heavily with Carl Macek . The first two omnibus collections , comprising the entirety of the `` Macross Saga '' , were reissued in 2003 to tie in with the release of the Robotech : Battlecry video game . Then , in 2007 , the next two omnibus collections , covering the remainder of the television series , were re-released as tie-ins to the animated movie , Robotech : The Shadow Chronicles . However , a revision of the Robotech timeline made by Harmony Gold alongside the release of the movie caused some continuity clashes with the McKinney novels , which were relegated to a `` secondary '' position in Robotech canon . To work around this , the Southern Cross and Invid Invasion collections contain new appendices written by Robotech fan Jonathan L. Switzer correcting any newborn mistakes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d855dedf38ce3bf9e6dc469f5e9cf065", "text": "Green libertarianism Green libertarianism ( also known as eco-libertarianism ) is a hybrid political philosophy that has developed in the United States . Based upon a mixture of political third party values , such as the environmental and economic platform from the Green Party of the United States and the civil liberties platform of the U.S. Libertarian Party , the green libertarian philosophy attempts to consolidate progressive or agrarian values with libertarianism . While green libertarians have tended to associate with the U.S. Green Party , the movement has grown to encompass economic liberals who advocate free markets and commonly identify with contemporary American libertarianism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a026ed3494c34aeceb00ba2fa8149f1", "text": "Free Democrats (Norway) The Free Democrats ( Fridemokratene ) is a political organization formed by former members of the Progress Party of Norway in 1994 . The 1993 election saw the support of the Progress Party ( 6.3 percent and 10 representatives ) halved . After the 1994 Progress Party national convention several representatives of the `` libertarian wing '' broke out and founded a party more ideologically consistently libertarian , the Free Democrats . Four of the defectors were MPs , and formed an independent group in Parliament of Norway . Its first leader Ellen Christine Christiansen was among the four MPs , and also served in Oslo city council until 1995 . In the Norwegian county elections , 1995 the party received 1,932 votes , 0.09 % of the votes . The Free Democrats no longer participate in elections and function merely as a think tank and organization for Norwegian libertarians , regardless of their political allegiance . People associated with the Free Democrats also founded the online newspaper Liberaleren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d8d1f11427c79034d33932b464e996", "text": "Cyberpunk derivatives A number of cyberpunk derivatives have become recognized as distinct subgenres in speculative fiction . These derivatives , though they do not share cyberpunk 's computers-focused setting , may display other qualities drawn from or analogous to cyberpunk : a world built on one particular technology that is extrapolated to a highly sophisticated level ( this may even be a fantastical or anachronistic technology , akin to retro-futurism ) , a gritty transreal urban style , or a particular approach to social themes . The most successful of these subgenres , Steampunk , has been defined as a `` kind of technological fantasy '' , and others in this category sometimes also incorporate aspects of science fantasy and historical fantasy . Scholars have written of these subgenres ' stylistic place in postmodern literature , and also their ambiguous interaction with the historical perspective of postcolonialism . American author Bruce Bethke coined the term `` cyberpunk '' in his 1980 short story of the same name , proposing it as a label for a new generation of punk teenagers inspired by the perceptions inherent to the Information Age . The term was quickly appropriated as a label to be applied to the works of William Gibson , Bruce Sterling , John Shirley , Rudy Rucker , Michael Swanwick , Pat Cadigan , Lewis Shiner , Richard Kadrey , and others . Science fiction author Lawrence Person , in defining postcyberpunk , summarized the characteristics of cyberpunk thus : Classic cyberpunk characters were marginalized , alienated loners who lived on the edge of society in generally dystopic futures where daily life was impacted by rapid technological change , an ubiquitous datasphere of computerized information , and invasive modification of the human body . The relevance of cyberpunk as a genre to punk subculture is debatable and further hampered by the lack of a defined cyberpunk subculture ; where the small cyber movement shares themes with cyberpunk fiction and draws inspiration from punk and goth alike , cyberculture is much more popular though much less defined , encompassing virtual communities and cyberspace in general and typically embracing optimistic anticipations about the future . Cyberpunk is nonetheless regarded as a successful genre , as it ensnared many new readers and provided the sort of movement that postmodern literary critics found alluring . Furthermore , author David Brin argues , cyberpunk made science fiction more attractive and profitable for mainstream media and the visual arts in general .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adbfa81ea2e016c6f6a45f205d755334", "text": "Makers (novel) Makers is a novel by Canadian-British science fiction author Cory Doctorow released in October 2009 . It was nominated for the Prometheus Award . The book focuses on a near-future imagining of members of the maker culture , a group Doctorow characterizes as being composed of `` people who hack hardware , business-models , and living arrangements to discover ways of staying alive and happy even when the economy is falling down the toilet '' . The novel is available free on the author 's website , as a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA download . It is also published in traditional paper form by HarperVoyager . The UK hardcover is 416 pages long .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de3db4d056ad4ae42fb733e38d9de9e4", "text": "Liberator (magazine) Liberator is a radical liberal United Kingdom magazine associated with but not officially connected to the Liberal Democrats . Founded in 1970 as the magazine of the then Young Liberals , it has often published articles critical of the party leadership , in particular over the Liberal Party 's debacle over nuclear disarmament in 1986 , the merger of the Liberal Party and Social Democratic Party and the Tony Blair-Paddy Ashdown project . Previous editors include Peter Hain in 1973-75 , later a Labour MP . Since 1982 , the magazine has been edited by an editorial collective , whose former members include Liz Barker , now a Liberal Democrat peer . The magazine merged with Radical Bulletin , mostly topical and distinctly off-message news , in 1983 . Regular features include a column by the fictional peer Lord Bonkers who `` was Liberal MP for Rutland South-West between 1906 and 1910 . Since 1990 his diaries have appeared in Liberator magazine , giving a unique perspective on British politics . Lord Bonkers ' Diary is dictated to Jonathan Calder '' . A history of the magazine was published in the 300th issue in December 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c002c1a94fe4edf029aae0abe3e2d692", "text": "League of Peoples The League of Peoples is a fictional interstellar polity present in a series of novels by science fiction author James Alan Gardner . Although theoretically made up of every sentient race in the galaxy , in actuality the League is controlled by ( from Humanity 's standpoint ) hyperadvanced beings who have little concern for wants , needs , and desires of the less evolved races . The League effectively has one law - no dangerous non-sentient creatures can cross between star systems . A dangerous non-sentient is defined by the league as any being which kills a sentient being or through negligence allows a sentient being to die . Any dangerous non-sentient that attempts to circumvent this law , or any being who knowingly aids in the attempt , is instantaneously but painlessly executed by the League . Although this renders interstellar war impossible , it does not prevent mayhem on individual planets , nor does it stop unethical behavior that stops short of murder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99d6441a677152fad3a4f608b1eca0d7", "text": "One-nation conservatism One-nation conservatism ( also known as one-nationism , or Tory democracy ) is a form of British political conservatism that views society as organic and values paternalism and pragmatism . The phrase `` One-nation Tory '' originated with Benjamin Disraeli ( 1804 -- 1881 ) , who served as the chief Conservative spokesman and became Prime Minister in February 1868 . He devised it to appeal to working-class men as a solution to worsening divisions in society through introducing factory and health Acts , as well as greater protection for workers . As a political philosophy , one-nation conservatism reflects the belief that societies exist and develop organically , and that members within them have obligations towards each other . There is particular emphasis on the paternalistic obligation of those who are privileged and wealthy to the poorer parts of society . The ideology featured heavily during Disraeli 's terms in government , during which considerable social reforms were passed . Towards the end of the 19th century , the party moved away from paternalism in favour of free market capitalism , but fears of extremism during the interwar period caused the revival of one-nation conservatism . The philosophy continued to be held by the Conservative party throughout the post-war consensus , influencing the decision to maintain Labour government keynesian intervention in the economy , forming a welfare state and National Health Service . Later years saw the rise of the New Right , which attributed the country 's social and economic troubles to one-nation conservatism . David Cameron , former leader of the Conservative Party , named Disraeli as his favourite Conservative and some commentators and MPs have suggested that Cameron 's ideology contains an element of one-nationism . Other commentators have questioned the degree to which Cameron and his coalition have embodied One-Nation Conservatism , instead locating them in the intellectual tradition of Thatcherism . In 2016 , Cameron 's successor , Theresa May , referred to herself as a one-nation conservative in her first speech as prime minister and outlined her focus on social justice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13db858565383fcd5d793cf212e1142d", "text": "Lannan Literary Awards The Lannan Literary Awards are a series of awards and literary fellowships given out in various fields by the Lannan Foundation . Established in 1989 , the awards are meant `` to honor both established and emerging writers whose work is of exceptional quality '' , according to the foundation . The foundation 's awards are lucrative relative to most awards in literature : the 2006 awards for poetry , fiction and nonfiction each came with $ 150,000 , making them among the richest literary prizes in the world . The awards reflect the philosophy governing the Lannan Foundation , a family foundation established by J. Patrick Lannan , Sr. in 1960 . It describes itself as `` dedicated to cultural freedom , diversity and creativity through projects which support exceptional contemporary artists and writers , as well as inspired Native activists in rural indigenous communities . '' Awards have been made to acclaimed and varied literary figures such as David Foster Wallace , William Gaddis , Lydia Davis , William H. Gass , Steve Erickson and W.S. Merwin . The foundation has also recognized people known as much for their public intellectual activities as for their literary talents , such as Barbara Ehrenreich and Edward Said . The foundation also gives a `` Cultural Freedom Prize '' for the stated purpose of recognizing `` people whose extraordinary and courageous work celebrates the human right to freedom of imagination , inquiry , and expression . '' Prize winners include Elouise P. Cobell , Robert Fisk , Eduardo Galeano , , Mahmoud Darwish , Arundhati Roy , Helen Caldicott and Cornel West . The foundation does not accept applications for awards or fellowships . Candidates are suggested anonymously `` by a network of writers , literary scholars , publishers , and editors , '' with the foundation 's literary committee making the final determination . The foundation also `` provides financial assistance to tribes and nonprofits that serve Native American communities ... '' For instance , it gave more than $ 7 million in grants to the Blackfeet Reservation Development Fund from 1998 to 2009 , to support litigation on behalf of Native Americans with interests in trust lands . This nonprofit was created by Elouise P. Cobell and her legal team to bring claims against the United States for mismanaging lands held in trust for Native Americans . The Cobell v. Salazar case was filed in 1996 and settled in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "217cd2a2b5bc6d5e2f7f873cb5e9e8e9", "text": "For the Win For the Win is the second young adult science fiction novel by Canadian author Cory Doctorow . It was released in May 2010 . The novel is available free on the author 's website as a Creative Commons download , and is also published in traditional paper form by Tor Books . The book is centered on massively multiplayer online role-playing games . Even though the novel is targeted toward young adults , it takes on significant concepts such as macroeconomics and labor rights . It covers the new and fast evolving concept of virtual economy . It also deals with MMORPG specific topics like gold farming and power-leveling .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12b9d8a2f628bf140a6f97f982db24e3", "text": "Planet of the Damned Planet of the Damned is a 1962 novel by American science fiction writer Harry Harrison . It was serialised in 1961 under the title Sense of Obligation and published under that name in 1967 . It was nominated for the Hugo Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644ad8309e0704f62ac3b9a518f57a92", "text": "Intellectual freedom Intellectual freedom encompasses the freedom to hold , receive and disseminate ideas without restriction . Viewed as an integral component of a democratic society , intellectual freedom protects an individual 's right to access , explore , consider , and express ideas and information as the basis for a self-governing , well-informed citizenry . Intellectual freedom comprises the bedrock for freedoms of expression , speech , and the press and relates to freedoms of information and privacy . The United Nations upholds intellectual freedom as a basic human right through Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which asserts : Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression ; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek , receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers . The institution of libraries in particular values intellectual freedom as part of their mission to provide and protect access to information and ideas . The American Library Association ( ALA ) defines intellectual freedom as `` the right of every individual to both seek and receive information from all points of view without restriction . It provides for free access to all expressions of ideas through which any and all sides of a question , cause or movement can be explored . '' The modern concept of intellectual freedom developed out of an opposition to book censorship . It is promoted by several professions and movements . These entities include , among others , librarianship , education , and the Free Software Movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba43724663909bdfe19b6121d9d949e7", "text": "Tir na n-Og Award The Tir na n-Og Awards ( abbreviated TnaO ) are a set of annual children 's literary awards in Wales from 1976 . They are presented by the Welsh Books Council to the best books published during the preceding calendar year in each of three awards categories , one English-language and two Welsh-language . Their purpose is '' -LSB- to raise -RSB- the standard of children 's and young people 's books and to encourage the buying and reading of good books . '' There is no restriction to fiction or prose . Each prize is # 1,000 . The awards are named for Tír na nÓg , the `` Land of the Young '' , an otherworldly realm in Irish mythology . The English-language award honours one book with an `` authentic Welsh background '' whose original language is English . It is sponsored by the British Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals , Cymru Wales division ( CILIP/Wales ) , and presented at that association 's annual conference in May . The Welsh-language Primary Sector and Secondary Sector awards honour one book written for primary school children and one for secondary school children . They are presented at the annual Urdd National Eisteddfod , recently at the beginning of June or end of May . Since 2011 , the Welsh-language awards are co-sponsored by the Cardigan-based publisher Cymdeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion . Shortlists comprising three or four books in each awards category have been published by WBC at least from 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7bd9ced23d9988ebf3e2e3e2f84167b", "text": "Star Bridge Star Bridge is a science fiction novel by American authors Jack Williamson and James E. Gunn . It was published in 1955 by Gnome Press in an edition of 5,000 copies . However , 900 copies were never bound . It was also issued in paperback by Ace ( D-169 , 1955 , 35 cents , and F-241 , 40 cents ) and reissued by Berkley Books in 1977 and by Ballantine Books in 1982 ( with minor typographic errors ) . Williamson initially wrote about 50 pages in manuscript for the first draft , and worked up about 150 pages of notes for the novel 's completion . Finding himself `` blocked '' on the project , he turned his materials over to Gunn , who completed the book . It was sold to Gnome for a $ 500 advance . It is an adventure story in the classic Williamson tradition , woven with a reflection about the relative importance of impersonal forces and individuals in the events of history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df8707c92bca70f85ab4c804075e0f98", "text": "Fantasy Amateur Press Association The Fantasy Amateur Press Association or FAPA ( `` FAP-uh '' ) is science fiction fandom 's longest-established amateur press association ( `` apa '' ) . It was founded in 1937 by Donald A. Wollheim and John B. Michel . They were inspired to create FAPA by their memberships in some of the non-science fiction amateur press associations , which they learned about from H. P. Lovecraft . ( It is also fandom 's longest-running organization of any kind , preceding the founding of the runner-up , the National Fantasy Fan Federation , by nearly four years . ) Like other APAs , FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications published by its members at their own expense . FAPA has `` mailings '' every three months . Members are required to be active in some way -- writing or publishing -- and produce at least eight pages of activity a year . When needed , there are elections ( in August ) of a secretary-treasurer and official editor . Other officials have included Official Critics , a Laureate Committee , President , Vice-President , and ballot counters . The first two positions were abandoned by the mid-1940s , and in 2009 the positions of President and Vice-President were also eliminated . The President Emeritus is the author Robert Silverberg , who was the last serving President and who has been an active member of FAPA longer than any other current member . When necessary , a teller for the annual officer elections is appointed by the secretary-treasurer . FAPA 's original constitutional limit was 50 members to accommodate publishers using hectographs . There were 21 members listed on the roster of the first mailing in August 1937 ; it took until the November 1938 mailing to fill the 50-member roster . The membership limit was raised to 65 in 1943 and has remained at that level ever since . The early years of FAPA were stormy with party politics and sociological feuds ( as recounted in the late Jack Speer 's pioneering fan history , Up to Now ) . In 1947 , Speer reformed the constitution , and the Insurgents quashed the last inactive OE , Elmer Perdue . Since then official troubles have mostly not disturbed FAPA , and red tape has been held to a minimum . The constitution was again revised in 1958 ( also by Speer ) to incorporate amendments , bylaws , and practices adopted since 1947 . Another major revision occurred in 2001 under the oversight of Robert Lichtman ( Secretary-Treasurer since 1986 and still holding that office ) , clarifying and conforming constitutional requirements with actual practice . During the 1950s and 1960s FAPA was so popular and membership so sought after that the waiting list grew to monumental proportions , for a period of time exceeding the number of membership slots on the FAPA roster . A waiting list fee was instituted to cover the cost of sending the Fantasy Amateur to so many fans awaiting membership , and a requirement that waiting listers periodically acknowledge receipt of the Fantasy Amateur was begun in order to weed out those who lost interest during the long wait . By the '70s the waiting list became much smaller , and in recent years ( since the mid 1990s ) has disappeared altogether . Additionally , the number of members has also shrunk as existing members died or otherwise dropped off the roster . As of May 2016 , there were 23 active participants ( including one joint membership ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7fb43e8e89290f027b795596efebfff", "text": "Decision (novel) Decision is a 1983 political novel by Allen Drury which follows a newly appointed Supreme Court Justice as he is faced with the most difficult decision of his life . It is a standalone work set in a different fictional timeline from Drury 's 1959 novel Advise and Consent , which earned him a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction . The novel was out of print for several years until WordFire Press reissued it in paperback and e-book formats in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01eca0127bfb875a4607bf56b67f12e0", "text": "Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people . Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award . The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team . This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a17b18db69e04fb08ba30edc1e0130d", "text": "Logic of Empire `` Logic of Empire '' is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein . Part of his Future History series , it originally appeared in Astounding Science Fiction ( March 1941 ) , and was collected in The Green Hills of Earth ( and subsequently The Past Through Tomorrow ) . Ostensibly a tale about a man in the wrong place at the wrong time , and his struggle to free himself from the oppressive circumstances in which he is plunged , this story also serves to explain how slavery develops in a new colony . Even in the future , the technology available to a new colony is always initially low . If a machine to do a necessary job is too expensive to import ( say a wheat harvester , a water pump , or even a washing machine ) , a human must do it instead . If too many jobs must be done by hand and there is a shortage of labor compared with independent resources that free labor could take up ( `` land '' , although this condition is not clear in the story ) , a market for slavery develops . Decades later , while there is still an abundance of land , this market remains because the colony itself has quotas to meet and debts to repay - they can not spare the resources to develop local industries to make the machines themselves and free labor does not have to bid its price down enough to out compete slave labor . Throughout the story , Heinlein takes the view of the objective narrator when describing Venusian society . `` Logic of Empire '' places different rationales on the people who participate in slavery . There are no real villains ; everybody 's just doing their job , trying to maximize income in a capitalist system . Even the plantation owner who owns the hero is portrayed as a struggling -- and failing -- small businessman , whose main motivation is to secure a livelihood for his daughter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3f69c18ad2b3d69a2776bb79817e14b", "text": "Libertarian Party of Missouri The Libertarian Party of Missouri is the Missouri affiliate of the Libertarian Party . The state chair is Cisse Spragins . Due to the state 's low threshold of vote percentage required for ballot access ( 2 % of the votes in a statewide race ) , the party has been an established party in Missouri with ballot access since 1992 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8779f808d6ad40d45eb7e596af770bfd	Sophie Turner is Chinese.	[ { "docid": "5135b66c86197e6ad15f98e689d810b1", "text": "Sophie Turner Sophie Turner ( born 21 February 1996 ) is an English actress . Turner made her professional acting debut as Sansa Stark on the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones ( 2011 -- present ) , which brought her international recognition and critical praise . For her performance , she has received four nominations for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series , as well as a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Supporting Young Actress in a TV Series . Turner has also starred in the television film The Thirteenth Tale ( 2013 ) and she made her feature film debut in Another Me ( 2013 ) . She has also starred in the action comedy Barely Lethal ( 2015 ) and played Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2bc0196a503ba3cc41ba74d1db055ea7", "text": "Wok A wok ( from Cantonese ) is a versatile round-bottomed cooking vessel , originating from China . The use of the wok is very prevalent in South China ( particularly Guangdong Province ) . It is one of the most common cooking utensils in China and also found in parts of East , South and Southeast Asia , as well as becoming a popular niche cookware in all the world . Woks are used in a range of different Chinese cooking techniques , including stir frying , steaming , pan frying , deep frying , poaching , boiling , braising , searing , stewing , making soup , smoking and roasting nuts . Wok cooking is done with long-handled utensils called chahn ( spatula ) or hoak ( ladle ) . The long handles of these utensils allow cooks to work with the food without burning their hands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c7762732eeba35d7c29747e75c0764", "text": "Prostitution in China Shortly after taking power in 1949 , the Communist Party of China embarked upon a series of campaigns that purportedly eradicated prostitution from mainland China by the early 1960s . Since the loosening of government controls over society in the early 1980s , prostitution in mainland China not only has become more visible , but can now be found throughout both urban and rural areas . In spite of government efforts , prostitution has now developed to the extent that it comprises an industry , one that involves a great number of people and produces a considerable economic output . Prostitution has also become associated with a number of problems , including organized crime , government corruption and sexually transmitted diseases . For example , a Communist Party official who was a top provincial campaigner against corruption was removed from his post after he was caught in a hotel room with a prostitute . Prostitution-related activities in mainland China are characterised by diverse types , venues and prices . Prostitutes themselves come from a broad range of social backgrounds . They are almost all female , though in recent years male prostitutes have also emerged . A large number of Russian women work as prostitutes in China . Venues typically include hotels , karaoke venues and beauty salons . Officially , prostitution is illegal in mainland China . The government of China has vacillated , however , in its legal treatment of prostitutes themselves , treating them sometimes as criminals and sometimes as behaving with misconduct . Since the reemergence of prostitution in the 1980s , government authorities have responded by first using the legal system , that is , the daily operations of institutions like courts and police . Second , they have relied on police-led campaigns , clearly delineated periods of intense public activity , as a form of social discipline . Despite lobbying by international NGOs and overseas commentators , there is not much support for legalisation of the sex sector by the public , social organizations or the government of the PRC . While the sale of sexual intercourse remains illegal throughout mainland China , as of 2013 erotic massage , or more commonly known as massage with `` happy endings , '' is legal in the city of Foshan in Guangdong province . In June of that year , the Foshan Court determined that the sale of erotic massage is not the same as prostitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaa16921f59028b34b535f698aba6722", "text": "Yang Lei Yang Lei ( ; born October 12 , 1984 in Chongqing ) , also known as Shinee Lee , is a Chinese pop singer and actress who achieved instant fame when she won the nationwide singing contest Super Girl in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6277b5e16f29a4256cb649e09562904e", "text": "Cheung Cheung is a Cantonese romanization of several Chinese surnames , including the one written as -LSB- in Traditional characters and -LSB- in Simplified characters ( Jyutping : Zoeng1 ; Pinyin : Zhāng ; Wade -- Giles : Chang ) , and the one written in both Traditional characters and Simplified characters as -LSB- . Sometimes , -LSB- ( -LSB- ) is also spelled as Cheung instead of Chiang/Jiang due to its Cantonese pronunciation . It is a fairly common American surname , listed 3,672 th during the 1990 US Census and 2,069 th during the year 2000 US Census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6976702e0323ad976df60853608b7b7", "text": "Thomas Ho (actor) Thomas Ho Siu-hung , born 19 August 1973 , Kowloon , Hong Kong , is a British actor , of Chinese descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8275e1292529d09f440855d3da7a8a17", "text": "Chinese Americans Chinese Americans , which includes American-born Chinese , are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry . Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans , which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans . Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora , especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Brazil . The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside of Asia . It is also the third largest in the Chinese diaspora , behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia . The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans , comprising 25.9 % of the Asian American population as of 2010 . Americans of Chinese descent , including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.2 % of the total U.S. population as of 2010 . According to the 2010 census , the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million . In 2010 , half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "660cf3ee7edb961ec8c6899fa89eec98", "text": "Chng Seok Tin Chng Seok Tin ( 莊心珍 born 1946 ) is a visually-impaired printmaker , sculptor and multi-media artist from Singapore . She is often inspired by the i-Ching and Buddhism . Her work has been shown internationally ; Chng has had over 26 solo shows and 100 group shows . In addition to her art , she is also a prolific writer and has published 11 collections of her writing , mostly in Chinese . She also advocates for artists with disabilities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4398c44451d10fa9781cb3828794c26f", "text": "Overseas Taiwanese Overseas Taiwanese , also called `` people of Taiwanese descent '' , are people who are living outside of Republic of China on Taiwan but are of Taiwanese ancestry or descent . Overseas Taiwanese may live in other territories such as the People 's Republic of China and are not necessarily Republic of China nationals . Overseas Taiwanese may not have been born in or lived in the Republic of China . Some Overseas Taiwanese also consider themselves Overseas Chinese . In November 2014 the Taipei Times cited an estimate of 1 million Taiwanese living in mainland China . Overseas citizens must return to Taiwan to legally vote in elections , as Taiwan does not use absentee ballots . In the United States , there are 230,382 to 919,000 people of Taiwanese descent living in the country . They are mostly concentrated in California , New York , and Texas . There are over 91,000 Taiwanese people in Canada , mainly living in the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8021807133eac225914a9b93e897b686", "text": "Chinese Chinese can refer to : Something of , from , or related to China Chinese people , people of Chinese nationality , or one of several Chinese ethnicities Zhonghua minzu , the supra-ethnic Chinese nationality Han Chinese , the dominant ethnic group in China , Singapore , and Taiwan List of ethnic groups in China Ethnic minorities in China , the non-Han Chinese population in China Overseas Chinese , people of Chinese ancestry who live outside mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan Chinese language , a language or family of languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China Standard Chinese , the standard form of the Chinese ( Mandarin ) language in mainland China , Taiwan and Singapore , and the variety most commonly taught as a foreign language other varieties of Chinese Written Chinese , the writing system of China Chinese cuisine , styles of cooking originating from China American Chinese cuisine Chinese Peak ( California ) , a mountain Chinese Peak ( Idaho ) , a mountain `` Chinese Gordon '' , a nickname of Charles George Gordon ( 1833 -- 1885 ) , British military commander and administrator", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2590c46fa15bec2bfc07e7f575990373", "text": "Katie Targett-Adams Katie Targett-Adams ( born Edinburgh , Scotland ) is a singer , songwriter , MC and Celtic harpist . She has released 6 albums and has enjoyed most success singing in Chinese in China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4290ce0ecd6aab84a56476d8603ccd89", "text": "T & T Supermarket T & T Supermarket is a Canadian supermarket chain which sells primarily numerous forms of Asian foods . The supermarket chain is headquartered in Richmond , British Columbia . In 1993 , the first T & T was opened in Burnaby 's Metropolis at Metrotown , a shopping centre in the Metrotown area in Metro Vancouver . With rapid expansion , T & T is now Canada 's largest Asian supermarket chain . It has ten stores across British Columbia , five in Alberta ( two in Calgary and three in Edmonton ) , and nine stores in Ontario with eight stores in the Greater Toronto Area including Downtown Toronto , and one in Ottawa . More stores are expected to open in the coming years with a target for 10 in Eastern Canada . The stores range in size from 35000 sqft . and 45000 sqft . In addition to the many departments found in a regular supermarket , most T & T stores also have an in-house bakery , an Asian deli , a sushi and Chinese barbecue department . T & T is part of Loblaw Companies , which purchased it in July 2009 for $ 225 million in consideration , consisting of $ 191 million in cash and $ 34 million in preferred shares . The consideration paid above and beyond the tangible asset base of the company ( i.e. the accounting goodwill ) which was estimated at $ 180 million . The chain had been created as a joint venture of Uni-President Enterprises Corporation , one of Taiwan 's ten largest conglomerates ; Tawa Supermarkets Inc. , a California-based chain of Asian supermarkets ; and a group of Canadian investors . Founder Cindy Lee is a Taiwanese-Canadian who started the business with one store . Back in the 1990s , Chinese-Canadians in Vancouver had limited grocery options as most of the stores are individual vendors located in Chinatown . Seeking to improve shopping experience for these families , Cindy Lee founded T&T with the dream to provide a one-stop solution for high quality Asian products in an enjoyable environment . As a family-oriented supermarket founded and ran by a mother , the name T&T itself stands for the names of Lee 's two daughters , Tina and Tiffany . T&T also represents the names of the two major investors involved when the company was founded in 1993 ; Tawa Supermarket Inc and Uni-President Enterprises Corp. ( Chinese name is pronounced `` Tung Yee '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4874d4fa73564c3398b0a5d0d56a4928", "text": "World TV World TV is a New Zealand television , radio and print media company specialising in media for Asian migrants and Asian language communities . It operates eleven specialist television channels and publishes a national-circulation magazine for subscribers of its five Sky TV digital television packages . It also broadcasts two free-to-air television channels on the Freeview platform and three 24-hour radio networks through terrestrial radio and Sky TV . Programmes on the television channels , branded KTV , JTV and CTV , include local news and current affairs programmes , subtitled 3 News bulletins and content from Chinese , Korean , Taiwanese and Japanese broadcasters and producers . The radio stations , AM936 , Chinese Radio FM 99.4 and Chinese Radio FM 104.2 , broadcast a combination of Hong Kong and Chinese programmes , and local music , parenting and talkback shows . In December 2005 , the company claimed to have 11,500 subscribers across the country for its seven channels of Chinese , Taiwanese and Hong Kong programmes . In 2009 , the company claimed 20,000 people received its World TV subscriber magazine . World TV 's largest shareholder is Taiwanese resident Fun-nu Tsai with a 19 percent stake ; chief executive Henry Ho owns 15 percent of the company and 11 other investors also have shares . The company 's income is now evenly shared between advertising and subscription fees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13045f7b6255a5fc9115aa24431c5930", "text": "Sophie Clarke Sophie Georgina Clarke ( born July 10 , 1989 ) is a reality television personality known for competing in and winning Survivor : South Pacific .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6dfc4e7f359839a4bce40bfacddf2f2", "text": "Sophie and the Rising Sun (film) Sophie and the Rising Sun is a 2016 American drama film written and directed by Maggie Greenwald . It is based on the 2001 novel Sophie and the Rising Sun by Augusta Trobaugh . The film stars Julianne Nicholson , Takashi Yamaguchi , Margo Martindale , Diane Ladd , Lorraine Toussaint and Karen Wheeling Reynolds . The film was released in theaters on January 25 , 2017 by Monterey Media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ca31d077ffb73f64a9edbae9d4204b", "text": "Sophie Charlotte (actress) Sophie Charlotte ( born April 29 , 1989 ) is a German Brazilian actress and ballerina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e7950d4496039208ca6ac4b604bb974", "text": "Susan Osman Susan Osman is a British journalist known for her work with BBC , ITV and China Radio International . Osman was a theatre director in Brighton , and also worked in that capacity in Washington , DC . She began her television career in 1983 at HTV West . She also worked as an investigative reporter for Channel 4 's consumer affairs programme 4 What It 's Worth . She first joined BBC West in 1991 . She presented the current affaires programme Close Up and also hosted her own radio program Radio Bristol 's Morning Show . She also hosted the program Points West until leaving that position in 2005 . She continued doing free-lance work for the network until 2009 . Osman left her position at the BBC in 2009 . Osman left the network , blasting rampant age-discrimination against women in broadcasting . She stated that women in broadcasting have a `` sell-by date '' and that every time she mentions her age , she worries about ending her career . She stated that she even had a manager ask if she was menopausal . Because of this , Osman felt she had no future in the United Kingdom . The BBC denied the allegations of ageism . Osman accepted a job at China Radio International in 2009 , largely to allow herself to continue advancing in her career . She praised Chinese culture 's respect for older persons . She took a position as the host of the English-language talk show The Beijing Hour . She has faced some difficulties from the Chinese government 's insistence on censorship . The private lives of leaders , the Tiananmen Square protests and Falun Gong are off-limits to her show , as well as a variety of smaller issues that are censored at times . Osman has set up film companies called Nick O'Time Films , and Osman Films , along with her writing partner Rowena Goldman . She is also working on a book that will be called Flirting with the Dragon -- Why we misunderstand China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bbc27ac616a6a5c872488cc6580a0cd", "text": "Metropolis Daily Metropolis Daily is the Hong Kong edition of Metro ( Metro International ) , which publishes free newspapers around the world with 25 editions in 16 countries in 14 languages . It is the first free newspaper in Hong Kong . The Hong Kong version was first launched on April 15 , 2002 ; it is distributed for free in the racks located in 49 Mass Transit Railway ( MTR ) stations except the Airport Station . According to the Hong Kong Audit Bureau of Circulations in September 2002 , the daily circulation of the newspaper was 302,197 copies , making it the third largest daily newspaper in Hong Kong . The paper is distributed from Monday to Friday ( except for public holidays ) , by hand or from the newspaper stands in 49 MTR stations and 11 other key central locations , such as big shopping malls owned by MTR Corporation Limited like Paradise Mall , Telford Plaza , and Luk Yeung Galleria ( 綠楊坊 Pinyin : lǜ yáng fāng ) . Since it is free of charge and easily accessible , many people like to get one on their way to school or work . The paper attracts a younger generation of readers with a great purchasing power likewise , therefore many advertisers are interested in promoting their products on Metropolis Daily . The operating costs of the paper are mainly covered by the classified advertisements in the newspaper . However , the influence of the paper is not yet significant . Though around one tenth size of other newspapers printing local first-hand news reported by fresh journalists , its main news sources are actually the television , radio news , press releases and wired news . As one Metropolis '' ' reporter said , `` Nobody seems to know that we made an exclusive story . '' The paper is in Chinese in most parts , together with an English international section . According to Metropolis , the paper can be read in a `` 19-minute commute '' as the articles inside are usually short and laconic ; readers can scan through the paper so quickly that they can grab a brief understanding of the news within minutes . Although the paper is a tabloid , i.e. a minute-sized newspaper giving the stories in a condensed form , it includes many sections , which make the paper very rich in contents . These sections include : local news ( including one page written in Simplified Chinese ) ; Chinese news ; international news ; finance ; sports ; entertainment ; side stories ; English news digest ; editorial column ; television program schedule ; and film section . Readers can read the on-line edition of Metropolis all over the world by simply registering as users at its official site , and it is totally free . Besides , there is also a club called `` Club Metro '' '' offering discounts in films , sports and travel to its members . Readers can enjoy these benefits once they have joined the club . There are 700,000 worldwide members in this club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f54bc3ab638cb96210883283a254f7", "text": "Mabel Cheung Mabel Cheung ( Chinese : 張婉婷 , born 17 November 1950 ) is a film director from Hong Kong . She is one of the leading directors in Hong Kong cinema . Elected `` Freshman 's Queen '' when she was studying undergrad at the University of Hong Kong , she was also an avid sportswoman representing Lady Ho Tung Hall and HKU . Cheung is known for working with the migration issues of Hongkongers and overseas Chinese , especially before the 1997 handover of Hong Kong . Her films include the `` migration trilogy '' : Illegal Immigrant ( 1985 ) , An Autumn 's Tale ( 1987 ) and Eight Taels of Gold ( 1989 ) . The Soong Sisters ( 1997 ) marks another peak of her filming career . All four films were made in collaboration with writer Alex Law . She has been in the relationship with teammate Alex Law since 1986 . The couple first met as classmates in New York University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a5daab40c6a7995e45eb911a471b91b", "text": "Karl Turner (British politician) Karl William Turner ( born 15 April 1971 ) is a British Labour Party politician , who has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kingston upon Hull East since 2010 . He was appointed Shadow Attorney General in January 2016 by Jeremy Corbyn , before resigning in June .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "083685ad4f22a30480eba7d346513bce", "text": "Malaysian Chinese cuisine Malaysian Chinese cuisine is derived from the culinary traditions of Chinese Malaysian immigrants and their descendants , who have adapted or modified their culinary traditions under the influence of Malaysian culture as well as immigration patterns of Chinese to Malaysia . Because the vast majority of Chinese Malaysians are descendants of immigrants from southern China , Malaysian Chinese cuisine is predominantly based on an eclectic repertoire of dishes with roots from Fujian , Cantonese , Hakka and Teochew cuisines . As these early immigrants settled in different regions throughout what was then British Malaya and Borneo , they carried with them traditions of foods and recipes that were particularly identified with their origins in China , which gradually became infused with the characteristics of their new home locale in Malaysia while remaining distinctively Chinese . For example , Hainanese chicken rice is usually flavoured with tropical pandan leaves and served with chilli sauce for dipping , and tastes unlike the typical chicken dishes found in Hainan Island itself . Some of these foods and recipes became closely associated with a specific city , town or village , eventually developing iconic status and culminating in a proliferation of nationwide popularity in the present day . Chinese food is especially prominent in areas with concentrated Chinese communities , at roadside stalls , hawker centres and kopitiam , as well as smart cafes and upmarket restaurants throughout the nation . Many Chinese dishes have pork as a component ingredient , but chicken is available as a substitution for Muslim customers from the wider community , and some Chinese restaurants are even halal-certified .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ef5c79f6ee9b73b600c0d09e718623de	Measles takes the form of a rash.	[ { "docid": "15c682d9d7d045b15232884aaa97dcf9", "text": "Measles Measles is a highly contagious infection caused by the measles virus . Initial signs and symptoms typically include fever , often greater than 40 C , cough , runny nose , and inflamed eyes . Two or three days after the start of symptoms , small white spots may form inside the mouth , known as Koplik 's spots . A red , flat rash which usually starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body typically begins three to five days after the start of symptoms . Symptoms usually develop 10 -- 12 days after exposure to an infected person and last 7 -- 10 days . Complications occur in about 30 % and may include diarrhea , blindness , inflammation of the brain , and pneumonia among others . Rubella ( German measles ) and roseola are different diseases . Measles is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of those infected . It may also be spread through contact with saliva or nasal secretions . Nine out of ten people who are not immune and share living space with an infected person will catch it . People are infectious to others from four days before to four days after the start of the rash . People usually do not get the disease more than once . Testing for the virus in suspected cases is important for public health efforts . The measles vaccine is effective at preventing the disease . Vaccination has resulted in a 75 % decrease in deaths from measles between 2000 and 2013 with about 85 % of children globally being currently vaccinated . No specific treatment is available . Supportive care may improve outcomes . This may include giving oral rehydration solution ( slightly sweet and salty fluids ) , healthy food , and medications to control the fever . Antibiotics may be used if a secondary bacterial infection such as pneumonia occurs . Vitamin A supplementation is also recommended in the developing world . Measles affects about 20 million people a year , primarily in the developing areas of Africa and Asia . It causes the most vaccine-preventable deaths of any disease . It resulted in about 73,000 deaths in 2014 , down from 545,000 deaths in 1990 . In 1980 , the disease was estimated to have caused 2.6 million deaths per year . Most of those who are infected and who die are less than five years old . The risk of death among those infected is usually 0.2 % , but may be up to 10 % in those who have malnutrition . It is not believed to affect other animals . Before immunization in the United States , between three and four million cases occurred each year . As a result of widespread vaccination , the disease was eliminated from the Americas by 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7bdcf479cbf0483b84680e953ad8019a", "text": "Danger zone (food safety) The temperature range in which food-borne bacteria can grow is known as the danger zone . Food safety agencies , such as the United States ' Food Safety and Inspection Service ( FSIS ) , define the danger zone as roughly 4 to . The FSIS stipulates that potentially hazardous food should not be stored at temperatures in this range in order to prevent foodborne illness ( for example , a refrigerator 's temperature must be kept below 40 F ) , and that food that remains in this zone for more than two hours should not be consumed . Foodborne microorganisms grow much faster in the middle of the zone , at temperatures between 21 and . Food-borne bacteria , in large enough numbers , may cause food poisoning , symptoms similar to gastroenteritis or `` stomach flu '' ( a misnomer , as true influenza primarily affects the respiratory system ) . Some of the symptoms include stomach cramps , nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , and fever . Food-borne illness becomes more dangerous in certain populations , such as people with weakened immune systems , young children , the elderly , and pregnant women . In Canada , there are approximately 11 million cases of food-borne disease per year . These symptoms can begin as early as shortly after and as late as weeks after consumption of the contaminated food . Time and temperature control plays a critical role in food safety . To prevent time-temperature abuse , the amount of time food spends in the danger zone must be minimized . A logarithmic relationship exists between microbial cell death and temperature : a significantly large number of cells may survive slightly lower temperatures . In addition to reducing the time spent in the danger zone , foods should be moved through the danger zone as few times as possible when reheating or cooling . Foods that are potentially hazardous inside the danger zone : Meat : beef , poultry , pork , seafood Eggs and other protein-rich foods Dairy products Cut or peeled fresh produce Cooked vegetables , beans , rice , pasta Sauces , such as gravy Sprouts Any foods containing the above , e.g. casseroles , salads , quiches", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d993ed6008f66405f91247a3784a3ea", "text": "Epidemiology of chikungunya Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne alpha virus that was first isolated after a 1952 outbreak in modern-day Tanzania . The virus has circulated in forested regions of sub-Saharan African in cycles involving nonhuman primate hosts and arboreal mosquito vectors . Phylogenetic studies indicate that the urban transmission cycle -- the transmission of a pathogen between humans and mosquitoes that exist in urban environments -- was established on multiple occasions from strains occurring on the eastern half of Africa in non-human primate hosts . This emergence and spread beyond Africa may have started as early as the 18th century . Currently , available data does not indicate whether the introduction of chikungunya into Asia occurred in the 19th century or more recently , but this epidemic Asian strain causes outbreaks in India and continues to circulate in Southeast Asia . A number of chikungunya outbreaks have occurred since 2005 . An analysis of the chikungunya virus 's genetic code suggests that the increased severity of the 2005 -- present outbreak may be due to a change in the genetic sequence , altering the virus ' viral coat protein , which potentially allows it to multiply more easily in mosquito cells . The change allows the virus to use the Asian tiger mosquito ( an invasive species ) as a vector in addition to the more strictly tropical main vector , Aedes aegypti . In July 2006 , a team analyzed the virus ' RNA and determined the genetic changes that have occurred in various strains of the virus and identified those genetic sequences which led to the increased virulence of recent strains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6b61856fbd0c10b73c77432f00e7790", "text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis Dermatitis herpetiformis ( DH ) , or Duhring 's disease , Freedberg , et al. ( 2003 ) . Fitzpatrick 's Dermatology in General Medicine . ( 6th ed . ) . McGraw-Hill . ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . is a chronic blistering skin condition , characterised by blisters filled with a watery fluid . Despite its name , DH is neither related to nor caused by herpes virus : the name means that it is a skin inflammation having an appearance similar to herpes . DH was first described by Louis Adolphus Duhring in 1884 . A connection between DH and celiac disease was recognised in 1967 , although the exact causal mechanism is not known . DH is a specific manifestation of celiac disease . The age of onset is usually about 15-40 , but DH can also affect children and the elderly . Men and women are equally affected . Estimates of DH prevalence vary from 1 in 400 to 1 in 10,000 . It is most common in patients of northern European/northern Indian ancestry , and is associated with the HLA-DQ2 haplotype along with coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5489d4fc04f8d4549cb0e924b97b66c4", "text": "Zika fever Zika fever , also known as Zika virus disease or simply Zika , is an infectious disease caused by the Zika virus . Most cases have no symptoms , but when present they are usually mild and can resemble dengue fever . Symptoms may include fever , red eyes , joint pain , headache , and a maculopapular rash . Symptoms generally last less than seven days . It has not caused any reported deaths during the initial infection . Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other brain malformations in some babies . Infections in adults have been linked to Guillain -- Barré syndrome ( GBS ) . Zika fever is mainly spread via the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes type . It can also be sexually transmitted and potentially spread by blood transfusions . Infections in pregnant women can spread to the baby . Diagnosis is by testing the blood , urine , or saliva for the presence of the virus 's RNA when the person is sick , or the blood for antibodies after symptoms are present more than a week . Prevention involves decreasing mosquito bites in areas where the disease occurs and proper use of condoms . Efforts to prevent bites include the use of insect repellent , covering much of the body with clothing , mosquito nets , and getting rid of standing water where mosquitoes reproduce . There is no effective vaccine . Health officials recommended that women in areas affected by the 2015 -- 16 Zika outbreak consider putting off pregnancy and that pregnant women not travel to these areas . While there is no specific treatment , paracetamol ( acetaminophen ) may help with the symptoms . Admission to hospital is rarely necessary . The virus that causes the disease was first isolated in Africa in 1947 . The first documented outbreak among people occurred in 2007 in the Federated States of Micronesia . An outbreak started in Brazil in 2015 , and spread to the Americas , Pacific , Asia , and Africa . This led to the World Health Organization declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in February 2016 . The emergency was lifted in November 2016 , but 84 countries still reported cases as of March 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c75a56b4b57d913cba1f31347d88101", "text": "Hypereosinophilia Hypereosinophilia or hypereosinophilic syndrome is a disease characterised by a marked increase in the eosinophil count in the bloodstream . The eosinophil count in human blood is normally 0.4 × 109/L ( 0.1 - 0.6 ) and results from a balance between production of eosinophils and emigration through post-capillary venules ( Yamaguchi et al. 1991 ) . Eosinophils are only a small minority of peripheral blood leucocytes and in normal subjects , most are found in the tissues of the lung and gastro-intestinal tract ( Beeken et al. 1987 ) . Blood eosinophil counts are arbitrarily classified as mild - between 0.6 to 1.5 × 109/L ; moderate between 1.5 to 5 × 109/L and severe when greater than 5 × 109/L . An elevated blood eosinophil count may be associated with a number of reactive conditions and with clonal disorders of the bone marrow . However , when the blood eosinophil count is persistently greater than 1.5 × 109 / L , for a period of more than six months , damage to end organs such as the heart , lungs , skin , joints and nervous system can be demonstrated , and in the absence of any clonal or reactive cause , the term idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome ( HES ) is used . The three defining criteria of HES are therefore : Eosinophil count persistently greater than 1.5 × 109/L Damage to end-organs No ascertainable cause for the eosinophilia and no evidence of clonality . There are four categories of blood eosinophilia : Reactive ( non-clonal ) eosinophilia : infections , parasitic infestations , asthma and allergies , respiratory diseases , cytokine infusions , vasculitides , non-haematological malignant diseases , drug reactions and connective tissue diseases , Hodgkin 's and non-Hodgkin 's lymphomas are included here as the eosinophils have not been shown to be clonal . Clonal Disorders of the Bone Marrow associated with eosinophilia : Acute and chronic eosinophilic leukaemia , chronic myeloid leukaemia , polycythaemia vera , essential thrombocythaemia , acute myelogenous leukaemia , Chromosome 16 variants , and T lymphoblastic lymphoma with eosinophilia , acute lymphoblastic leukaemia , myelodysplastic disorders ( MDS ) with eosinophilia , systemic mastocytosis and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ( Bain 1996 ) . Clonal eosinophilia : acquired mutations in genes regulating , in part , eosinophil growth , proliferation , differentiation , and survival , and therefor associated with malignant expansion of blood , bone marrow , and tissue eosinophils in various forms of eosinophilia associated with diverse hematological malignancies including the 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome . HES : After exclusion of the above two categories , cases of persistent , unexplained eosinophilia fall into the category of HES .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b639f4c7e6317c4abb31563ab7f4f66f", "text": "Human pathogen A human pathogen is a pathogen ( microbe or microorganism such as a virus , bacterium , prion , or fungus ) that causes disease in humans . The human physiological defense against common pathogens ( such as Pneumocystis ) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body 's normal flora and fauna . However , if the immune system or `` good '' microbiota are damaged in any way ( such as by chemotherapy , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , or antibiotics being taken to kill other pathogens ) , pathogenic bacteria that were being held at bay can proliferate and cause harm to the host . Such cases are called opportunistic infections . Some pathogens ( such as the bacterium Yersinia pestis , which may have caused the Black Plague , the Variola virus , and the malaria protozoa ) have been responsible for massive numbers of casualties and have had numerous effects on afflicted groups . Of particular note in modern times is HIV , which is known to have infected several million humans globally , along with the influenza virus . Today , while many medical advances have been made to safeguard against infection by pathogens , through the use of vaccination , antibiotics , and fungicide , pathogens continue to threaten human life . Social advances such as food safety , hygiene , and water treatment have reduced the threat from some pathogens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed758f1b465a95c58feedf90759ff931", "text": "Flavivirus Flavivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Flaviviridae . This genus includes the West Nile virus , dengue virus , tick-borne encephalitis virus , yellow fever virus , Zika virus and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis , as well as insect-specific flaviviruses ( ISFs ) such as cell fusing agent virus ( CFAV ) , Palm Creek virus ( PCV ) , and Parramatta River virus ( PaRV ) . Flaviviruses are named from the yellow fever virus , the type virus for the family ; the word flavus '' means `` yellow '' in Latin . The name yellow fever in turn originated from its propensity to cause yellow jaundice in victims . Flaviviruses share several common aspects : common size ( 40 -- 65 nm ) , symmetry ( enveloped , icosahedral nucleocapsid ) , nucleic acid ( positive-sense , single-stranded RNA around 10,000 -- 11,000 bases ) , and appearance in the electron microscope . Most of these viruses are transmitted by the bite from an infected arthropod ( mosquito or tick ) and hence , classified as arboviruses . Human infections with these viruses are typically incidental , as humans are usually unable to replicate the virus to high enough titers to reinfect the arthropods needed to continue the virus lifecycle -- humans are a dead end host . The exceptions to this are the yellow fever , dengue , and zika viruses , which still require mosquito vectors , but are well-enough adapted to humans as to not necessarily depend upon animal hosts ( although they continue to have important animal transmission routes , as well ) . Other virus transmission routes for arboviruses include handling infected animal carcasses , blood transfusion , child birth and through consumption of unpasteurised milk products . Transmission from nonhuman vertebrates to humans without an intermediate vector arthropod is thought to be unlikely . For example , early tests with yellow fever showed that the disease is not contagious . The known non-arboviruses of the flavivirus family reproduce in either arthropods or vertebrates , but not both , with one odd member of the genus affecting a nematode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3634321aa6992941aa255e9884051742", "text": "Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia ( also known as `` Erythrokeratodermia progressiva symmetrica '' ) is a rare , autosomal dominant skin condition that manifests soon after birth with erythematous , hyperkeratotic plaques that are symmetrically distributed on the extremities , buttocks , and face , but sparing the trunk . No other clinical symptoms nor mental or physical signs are usually associated with the condition . Skin plaques start to appear as reddened areas of inflammation , thus often leading to the mistaken diagnosis of Atopic Dermatitis . Following inflammation , the red areas start keratinization , eventually forming the definitive plaques that appear brownish , dry and scaled . Following quite a precise temporal pattern of evolution , the keratinized plaques last for weeks or months , eventually leading to periods of desquamation that leads to the uncovering of `` normal '' skin . Then , a new cycle usually begins , leaving a variable number of days of delay between the cycles . Though environmental causes are not well understood , it seems clear that factors like sun exposure , wind and air conditioning add to the degree of skin inflammation that sets the start of a new cycle . Definitive treatment does not exist at the moment . Palliative treatment are intended to alleviate the itching that often accompanies the skin inflammation and to moisture the dry skin to prevent excessive dryness and scaling of the plaques .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10b15e981728d207fa20108a79af335d", "text": "Pertussis Pertussis ( also known as whooping cough or 100-day cough ) is a highly contagious bacterial disease . Initially , symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose , fever , and mild cough . This is then followed by weeks of severe coughing fits . Following a fit of coughing , a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in . The coughing may last for 10 or more weeks , hence the phrase `` 100-day cough '' . A person may cough so hard that they vomit , break ribs , or become very tired from the effort . Children less than one year old may have little or no cough and instead have periods where they do not breathe . The time between infection and the onset of symptoms is usually seven to ten days . Disease may occur in those who have been vaccinated , but symptoms are typically milder . Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis . It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person . People are infectious to others from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits . Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days . Diagnosis is by collecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat . This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction . Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine . Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age , with four doses to be given in the first two years of life . The vaccine becomes less effective over time , with additional doses often recommended for older children and adults . Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease . In those with the disease , antibiotics are useful if started within three weeks of the initial symptoms , but otherwise have little effect in most people . In children less than one year old and among those who are pregnant , they are recommended within six weeks of symptom onset . Antibiotics used include erythromycin , azithromycin , clarithromycin , or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole . Evidence to support interventions , other than antibiotics , for the cough is poor . Many children less than a year of age require hospitalization . An estimated 16.3 million people worldwide were infected in 2015 . Most cases occur in the developing world , and people of all ages may be affected . In 2015 , it resulted in 58,700 deaths -- down from 138,000 deaths in 1990 . Nearly 0.5 % of infected children less than one year of age die . Outbreaks of the disease were first described in the 16th century . The bacterium that causes the infection was discovered in 1906 . The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ee9c1bfe3de6d4937ad63e455c3400a", "text": "Nummular dermatitis Nummular dermatitis ( also known as `` discoid dermatitis , '' `` discoid eczema , '' `` microbial eczema , '' `` nummular eczema , '' and `` nummular neurodermatitis '' ) is one of the many forms of dermatitis . it is characterized by round or oval-shaped itchy lesions . The name comes from the Latin word `` nummus , '' which means `` coin . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49420ae3cfc6abe0c7013dc8f26dcd93", "text": "Livedo reticularis Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin . The discoloration is caused by swelling of the venules owing to obstruction of capillaries by small blood clots . The blood clots in the small blood vessels can be a secondary effect of a condition that increases a person 's risk of forming blood clots , including a wide array of pathological and nonpathological conditions . Examples include hyperlipidemia , microvascular hematological or anemia states , nutritional deficiencies , hyper - and autoimmune diseases , and drugs/toxins . The condition may be normal or related to more severe underlying pathology . Its differential diagnosis is broadly divided into possible blood diseases , autoimmune ( rheumatologic ) diseases , cardiovascular diseases , cancers , and endocrine disorders . It can usually ( in 80 % of cases ) be diagnosed by biopsy . It may be aggravated by exposure to cold , and occurs most often in the lower extremities . The condition 's name derives from the Latin livere meaning bluish and reticular which refers to the net-like appearance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6c496afbe921fc15ee3d12b23dfb5cc", "text": "Chagas disease Chagas disease , also known as American trypanosomiasis , is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi . It is spread mostly by insects known as Triatominae or kissing bugs . The symptoms change over the course of the infection . In the early stage , symptoms are typically either not present or mild , and may include fever , swollen lymph nodes , headaches , or local swelling at the site of the bite . After 8 -- 12 weeks , individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60 -- 70 % it never produces further symptoms . The other 30 to 40 % of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection , including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30 % , leading to heart failure . An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10 % of people . T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking `` kissing bugs '' of the subfamily Triatominae . These insects are known by a number of local names , including : vinchuca in Argentina , Bolivia , Chile and Paraguay , barbeiro ( the barber ) in Brazil , pito in Colombia , chinche in Central America , and chipo in Venezuela . The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion , organ transplantation , eating food contaminated with the parasites , and by vertical transmission ( from a mother to her fetus ) . Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope . Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood . Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites . Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions . A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013 . Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox . Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early , but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease . When used in chronic disease , medication may delay or prevent the development of end -- stage symptoms . Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40 % of people including skin disorders , brain toxicity , and digestive system irritation . It is estimated that 6.6 million people , mostly in Mexico , Central America and South America , have Chagas disease as of 2015 . In 2015 , Chagas was estimated to result in 8,000 deaths . Most people with the disease are poor , and most do not realize they are infected . Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States . These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014 . The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named . Chagas disease is classified as a neglected tropical disease . It affects more than 150 other animals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1806f4086a85a9b24a92b9984dfcd529", "text": "Timeline of vaccines This is a timeline of the development of prophylactic human vaccines . Early vaccines may be listed by the first year of development or testing , but later entries usually show the year the vaccine finished trials and became available on the market . Although vaccines exist for the diseases listed below , only smallpox has been eliminated worldwide . The other vaccine-preventable illnesses continue to cause millions of deaths each year . Currently , polio and measles are the targets of active worldwide eradication campaigns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faada831d5feb8db6987748ca6749052", "text": "Ebola vaccine Ebola vaccine candidates against Ebola have been developed in the decade prior to 2014 , but none have yet been approved for clinical use in humans . Several promising vaccine candidates have been shown to protect nonhuman primates ( usually macaques ) against lethal infection . These include replication-deficient adenovirus vectors , replication-competent vesicular stomatitis ( VSV ) and human parainfluenza ( HPIV-3 ) vectors , and virus-like nanoparticle preparations . Conventional trials to study efficacy by exposure of humans to the pathogen after immunization are obviously not feasible in this case . For such situations , the FDA has established the `` Animal Efficacy Rule '' allowing licensure to be approved on the basis of animal model studies that replicate human disease , combined with evidence of safety and a potentially potent immune response ( antibodies in the blood ) from humans given the vaccine . Clinical trials involve the administration of the vaccine to healthy human subjects to evaluate the immune response , identify any side effects and determine the appropriate dosage . In December 2016 , a study found the VSV-EBOV vaccine to be 70 -- 100 % effective against the Ebola virus , making it the first proven vaccine against the disease .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecb543c259e0b0f5b3469faef6a76a44", "text": "Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi 's sarcoma or Kaposi sarcoma ( -LSB- ˈkæpəʃi_sɑrˈkoʊmə -RSB- KS ) is a tumor caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8 ( HHV8 ) , also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) or KS agent . It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi , a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872 . It became more widely known as one of the AIDS-defining illnesses in the 1980s . The viral cause for this cancer was discovered in 1994 . Although KS is now well-established to be caused by a viral infection , there is widespread lack of awareness of this even among persons at risk for KSHV/HHV -8 infection . Kaposi sarcoma ( KS ) is a systemic disease that can present with cutaneous lesions with or without internal involvement . Four subtypes have been described : Classic KS , affecting middle aged men of Mediterranean descent ; African endemic KS ; KS in iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients ; and AIDS-related KS . The erythematous to violaceous cutaneous lesions seen in KS have several morphologies : macular , patch , plaque , nodular , and exophytic . The cutaneous lesions can be solitary , localized or disseminated . KS can involve the oral cavity , lymph nodes , and viscera . Classic KS tends to be indolent , presenting with erythematous or violaceous patches on the lower extremities . African endemic KS and AIDS-related KS tend to be more aggressive . The AIDS-related KS lesions often rapidly progress to plaques and nodules affecting the upper trunk , face , and oral mucosa . The diagnosis can be made with a tissue biopsy and , if clinically indicated , internal imaging should be done . Once the diagnosis of KS has been made , treatment is based on the subtype and the presence of localized versus systemic disease . Localized cutaneous disease can be treated with cryotherapy , intralesional injections of vinblastine , alitretinoin gel , radiotherapy , topical immunotherapy ( Imiquimod ) , or surgical excision . Extensive cutaneous disease or internal disease may require intravenous chemotherapy and immunotherapy . Discontinuation or reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is recommended when KS arises in the setting of iatrogenic immunosuppression . However , with AIDS-related KS , highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) has been shown to prevent , or induce regression of , KS . Some AIDS patients have complete resolution of the lesions and prolonged remission while continuing the therapy . Therefore , HAART should be considered first-line treatment for these patients , though they may require other treatments at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eeef80bd0f3a78474337f5510c8a5e3d", "text": "Erythema chronicum migrans Erythema chronicum migrans ( New Latin , literally , `` chronic migrating redness '' ) refers to the rash often ( though not always ) seen in the early stage of Lyme disease . It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite . This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite , but rather an actual skin infection with the Lyme bacteria , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato . `` Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation . '' It is a pathognomonic sign : a physician-identified rash warrants an instant diagnosis of Lyme disease and immediate treatment without further testing , even by the strict criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Such target lesions ( bull 's - eye rashes ) are characteristic of Borrelia infections , and no other pathogens are known that cause this form of rash . A similar condition called Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness ( STARI ) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller . The associated infectious agent has not been determined . Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly . This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans or EM . However , a less common meaning of the term `` erythema migrans '' is a mucosal condition of the tongue , also called geographic tongue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "765e3c4821833370ac52a2adbcaaa7c7", "text": "Acute retinal necrosis Acute Retinal Necrosis ( ARN ) , is a medical inflammatory condition of the eye . The condition presents itself as a necrotizing retinitis . The inflammation onset is due to certain herpes viruses , Varicella Zoster Virus ( VZV ) , Herpes Simplex Virus ( HSV-1 and HSV-2 ) and Epstein-Barr Virus ( EBV ) . People with the condition usually display redness of the eye , white or off-white colored patches that are patches of retinal necrosis . ARN can progress into other conditions such as uveitis , detachment of the retina , and ultimately can lead to blindness . The disease was first characterized in 1971 , in Japan . Akira Urayama and his colleagues had six patients whose cases showed signs of acute necrotizing retinitis , retinal arertitis , choroiditis , and late-onset retinal detachment . The combination of the conditions was given the name acute retinal necrosis . The first reports of ARN came about in 1971 . It is unclear whether it was previously just reported as something else . Urayama and his colleagues reported the disease that they saw in six Japanese patients . Since then the disease has been seen in patient 's with AIDS , children , and people who are immunocompromised . In 1978 , Young and Bird named the disease when presented in both eyes , Bilateral Acute Retinal Necrosis , otherwise known as BARN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65e5307fe9283a5e16b9f80b5f6e97f1", "text": "Shwartzman phenomenon Shwartzman phenomenon , also known as Shwartzman reaction , is a rare reaction of a body to particular types of toxins , called endotoxins , which cause thrombosis in the affected tissue . A clearing of the thrombosis results in a reticuloendothelial blockade , which prevents re-clearing of the thrombosis caused by a repeat introduction of the toxin . That will cause tissue necrosis . Shwartzman phenomenon is usually observed during delivery or abortion , when foreign bodies are introduced into the tissues of the female reproductive system . The Shwartzman phenomenon is named for Gregory Shwartzman , the doctor at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City who was the first to develop the concept of immune system hypersensitivity in the 1920s . This reaction was experimented using Neisseria meningitidis endotoxin . This is notably seen with Neisseria meningitidis rash and purpura are other manifestations", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f289277e406385014b8126dd348bc75", "text": "Miliaria Miliaria ( -LSB- ˌmɪl.iˈɛər.i.ə -RSB- also called `` sweat rash '' , `` heat rash '' or `` prickly heat '' ) is a skin disease marked by small and itchy rashes . Miliaria is a common ailment in hot and humid conditions , such as in the tropics and during the summer season . Although it affects people of all ages , it is especially common in children and infants due to their underdeveloped sweat glands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "060929958f589436bc15a25baab2274c", "text": "Scarlet fever serum Scarlet fever serum was used beginning in November 1900 after its development in the Sero-Therapeutic Laboratory of Rudolph Hospital in Vienna , Austria . The serum was taken from the blood of horses . Infected children were injected in their abdominal skin by Dr. Paul Moser . Mortality rates from scarlet fever declined significantly following the use of the blood serum . Moser at first used scarlet fever serum primarily on the most severely sick persons . After achieving positive results it was applied in the first or second day following contraction of scarlet fever . In many cases the children treated demonstrated great improvement in a very short time , with their fevers going away quickly . Moser worked with four hundred children suffering from scarlatina at St. Anne 's Hospital . The mortality rate of those he treated was 8.9 % . This compared quite favorably when measured against the 13.09 % among children in Vienna hospitals where the scarlet fever serum was not administered . Moser 's antitoxin reduced the mortality of scarlet fever by 40 % . At no time was the volume of serum available sufficient . As of November 1902 a strong concentrated scarlet fever serum was unavailable .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c47b62a1df47bf0c2640d91307e7da26	Amy Adams portrayed Margaret Keane in Big Eyes.	[ { "docid": "fbff74c53d8bd9c55c1cf1fe595ed976", "text": "Amy Adams Amy Lou Adams ( born August 20 , 1974 ) is an American actress and singer . She was named one of 100 most influential people by Time magazine in 2014 and is among the highest-paid actresses in the world . She has won two Golden Globe Awards , and has been nominated for five Academy Awards and six British Academy Film Awards . Adams began her career on stage performing in dinner theater and went on to make her feature film debut in Drop Dead Gorgeous ( 1999 ) . After moving to Los Angeles , she made several appearances on television and in B-movies , before starring in Steven Spielberg 's 2002 biopic Catch Me If You Can . Adams 's breakthrough role came in the 2005 independent film Junebug , in which her portrayal of a young pregnant woman earned her an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination . In 2007 , she starred as a princess in the commercially successful Disney musical film Enchanted . Adams received three more Oscar nominations for her supporting roles in Doubt ( 2008 ) , The Fighter ( 2010 ) , and The Master ( 2012 ) . She played reporter Lois Lane in the 2013 superhero film Man of Steel and a troubled con artist in David O. Russell 's film American Hustle ; for the latter , she won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress . She won a second consecutive Golden Globe Award for portraying artist Margaret Keane in the comedy-drama Big Eyes ( 2014 ) . In 2016 , Adams reprised the role of Lois in Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , and garnered acclaim for her leading roles in the science-fiction film Arrival and the crime thriller Nocturnal Animals .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b813f4512af9081643eda36810f7e218", "text": "Amy Jane Amy Jane is the third single to be produced by multi-instrumentalist/composer Tim Scott , first released on 9 November 2009 . The cover features a heart sculpted out of a brown paper bag from a fast food chain set in a stripped corrugated cardboard box , shadowed by spotlight , intended to represent how relationships have become more of a disposable commodity in today 's society . Like Guitar Mashing it features a fictional dictionary definition for the term Guitar Mashing which is in part derived from the official Oxford English Dictionary definitions for the words Guitar and Mash but heavily distorted for use as a propaganda tool in marketing the single 's unusual genre and so no longer has any true meaning . The single was recorded and mixed at Acer Studios in Greater Manchester by Tim Scott and mastered on 6 October 2009 by Geoff Pesche at Abbey Road Studios , London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72ff52b0de40ec8b27c13de38742efa6", "text": "Amy Hall Amy Hall is an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a037ac71a6ecf32ac5ce1eda52a9f558", "text": "Louise Delamere Louise Alexandra Delamere ( born 17 June 1969 ) is an English actress , best known for her roles as Lia in the Channel 4 comedy drama No Angels and Colette Sheward in the BBC medical drama Holby City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6cbaaa65fdc9dc5f5af507b91c02887", "text": "The Big Picture (Elton John album) The Big Picture is the twenty-sixth studio album by British singer-songwriter Elton John , released in 1997 . It includes four worldwide singles : `` Live Like Horses '' ( a duet with Luciano Pavarotti only for the single version ) , `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' ( released later also as a double A-side with `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' ) , `` Recover Your Soul '' and `` If the River Can Bend '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbcb61cf2606baa382f0ee3beab9171e", "text": "Big Questions Big Questions is an Australian television show which is produced and broadcast on the Nine Network , with Jules Lund as host . It commenced broadcasting on 19 October 2006 . It should n't be confused with the Sydney Morning Herald column of the same name in the Saturday edition that poses sometimes serious , sometimes whimsical questions answered by readers . Prolific contributors are John Moir , Jim Dewar and David Buley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39e2039c2886ea49652a9ec509fa111", "text": "Just a Little Girl `` Just a Little Girl '' is the debut single from English singer/songwriter Amy Studt . Released on 1 July 2002 , the single reached a peak of # 14 in the UK Singles Chart . It is taken from Amy 's debut album , False Smiles , which was released a year later . The song was used in promotion for the last season of Buffy : The Vampire Slayer . It is included on Now 52 in the UK . The melody in the verses bears a strong resemblance to that in the Emilia song Big Big World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce970c0ad6e1be546fed019e28e4a0b", "text": "Amy Carlson Amy Lynn Carlson ( born July 7 , 1968 ) is an American television actress , known for her roles as Linda Reagan in the CBS police procedural Blue Bloods , as Alex Taylor on the NBC drama Third Watch , and Josie Watts in the NBC daytime soap opera Another World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aebbaca283e30f7ed5520786d999983e", "text": "Edwin Adams (actor) Edwin Adams ( February 3 , 1834 -- October 28 , 1877 ) was an American stage actor , considered to have been one of America 's best light comedians . He was born in Medford , Massachusetts , and began his career on the stage in The Hunchback , at the National Theatre in Boston in 1853 . He also appeared in Hamlet with Kate Josephine Bateman in 1860 , as well in The Serf in 1865 , and The Dead Heart , Wild Oats , The Lady of Lyons , Narcisse , and The Marble Heart . In 1867 , Adams joined Edwin Booth 's acting company , appearing in Romeo and Juliet , Narcisse , Othello , and Enoch Arden , based on the poem by Alfred Tennyson . From 1870-75 , Adams toured the country performing his best-known roles . His last appearance was at the California Theatre in San Francisco in 1876 . His health failed on a visit to Australia , and he died in Philadelphia in 1877 . He is buried in Mount Moriah Cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c9472b161b215259b90a77d1c61827", "text": "Alison Fitzgerald", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e1a67ac543929e1d5863238a235845", "text": "Big Fantastic Big Fantastic , LLC is a filmmaking collective and production company located in Santa Monica , California which creates , develops and produces online video entertainment . The company is currently most known for their popular web series Sam Has 7 Friends and Prom Queen . Recent project include the web experiment Control TV , the web sitcom Cockpit , Foreign Body , a prequel to the Robin Cook novel , and Sorority Forever for The WB .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d69b0e30a44d230327e3113a958735b9", "text": "Young Dillinger Young Dillinger is a 1965 gangster film . It stars Nick Adams as the notorious criminal John Dillinger , and co-stars Robert Conrad , John Ashley and Mary Ann Mobley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf1f01060f8bb757e166b57f3e03fd9", "text": "Sarah Major Sarah Major ( born August 22 , 1988 ) is a voice and television actress from New Zealand who is best known for her role as Patsy in the Cloud 9 Screen Entertainment Group series The Tribe . Major 's other work includes the 1998 short film Flying , a role as Gaela 's daughter in a television production of Hercules and as Emily Watson in William Shatner 's A Twist in the Tale . Major has also done work in television and radio commercials , as well as voice-overs for animated children series , and lives in London as of February 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b7c0b19156b872eacfdaf4608ffb45", "text": "Alfred Burke Alfred Burke ( 28 February 1918 -- 16 February 2011 ) was an English actor , best known for his portrayal of Frank Marker in the drama series Public Eye , which ran on television for ten years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12dc940527cff089f09f8ccae01623ae", "text": "Amy Adams (disambiguation) Amy Adams ( born 1974 ) is an American actress . Amy Adams may also refer to : Amy Adams ( politician ) ( born 1971 ) , New Zealand politician Amy Adams ( singer ) ( born 1979 ) , American singer who was a finalist on the third season of television series American Idol Amy Adams , founder of Adams Childrenswear Amy Adams ( or Amy Games ) , wife of John Popham A. Elizabeth Adams ( 1892 -- 1962 ) , full name Amy Elizabeth Adams , American zoologist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b71c8c83c61262e8d02731d77934f6a6", "text": "Amy Barnes Amy Knight ( also Barnes ) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks , played by Ashley Slanina-Davies . She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 14 November 2005 . Amy was created by executive producer David Hanson and Slanina-Davies was offered the role whilst looking for work as an extra . In 2009 , Slanina-Davies stated that she would be lost without the role and confirmed her loyalty to the serial . In July 2010 , it was announced that Slanina-Davies would be leaving the show . However it was revealed that she was back filming and staying in the serial in 2011 . Amy 's storylines have included underage pregnancy which resulted in the birth of daughter Leah Barnes and the subject of domestic abuse in her relationship with Ste Hay , portrayed by Kieron Richardson respectively . Whilst filming the storyline Slanina-Davies cut her long hair off for charity and this was scripted into the storyline . Amy has also been part of a storyline which saw her pretending her daughter was suffering from leukaemia to scam money out of the community , off-screen this prompted Slanina-Davies to campaign for leukaemia and cancer charity CLIC Sargent and Women 's Aid . The issue of post-natal depression has been portrayed following the birth of her second child Lucas Hay . Slanina-Davies has also revealed that she has conducted extensive research into all of her issue-lead storylines . In 2012 , it was announced that Slanina-Davies would be written out of the serial . Amy departed on 8 August 2012 . Amy has returned for guest appearances in 2013 , 2014 and returned to the show on a permanent basis in August 2016 . In January 2017 , it was revealed that Amy would be departing later in the year in a `` whodunit '' storyline which would see the character killed-off , making the second Barnes character to be killed off since her sister Sarah in 2009 . She made her final appearance as a corpse on 29 March 2017 , however continued to appear in flashback appearances throughout the storyline . Amy 's funeral was held on 25 April 2017 , with characters such as her mother , Kathy ( Sarah Jane Buckley ) , and Zoe Carpenter ( Zoë Lister ) , returning for her funeral .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643d13cf9c206b2f704c8777f32b2584", "text": "Guy Adams Guy Adams ( born 6 January 1976 ) is an English author , comedian , and actor , possibly best known for the novel The World House . He has also written a BBC Books Torchwood novel , The House That Jack Built . He starred as a mugger on British soap opera , Emmerdale and has also tried stand-up with his own material . Adams has portrayed Sherlock Holmes twice before embarking on creating his own original novel featuring Holmes . In December , 2013 , Adams will publish second book in his The Heaven 's Gate Chronicles series , entitled Once Upon Time in Hell . First book was also published in the 2013 and was entitled The Good , The Bad and the Infernal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d607764db020617c295e73210eb3c6c", "text": "Walter Keane Walter Stanley Keane ( October 7 , 1915 -- December 27 , 2000 ) was an American plagiarist , who became famous in the 1960s , as the claimed painter of a series of widely reproduced paintings depicting vulnerable waifs with enormous eyes . The paintings were in fact painted by his wife Margaret Keane . When she made this fact public , Walter Keane retaliated with a USA Today article that again claimed he had done the work . In 1986 Margaret Keane sued Walter and USA Today . In the subsequent slander suit , the judge demanded that the litigants paint a painting in the courtroom , but Walter declined , citing a sore shoulder . Margaret then produced a painting for the jurors in 53 minutes . The jury awarded her damages of $ 4 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcb6d4aab18e76a99f6a6599b1a0a43f", "text": "Miranda Harcourt Miranda Catherine Millais Harcourt ( born 1962 ) is a New Zealand actress and acting coach . She is the daughter of actress Dame Kate Harcourt . Harcourt 's acting career began playing boy character on Radio New Zealand in the early 1970s . She is best known for her role as `` Gemma '' in the 1980s TV drama series Gloss . Harcourt spent three years acting on the show , and her character was so despicable that people spat at and insulted Harcourt in public . Harcourt received a nomination in the 1989 Film and TV Awards for best actress for the role . Harcourt has starred in countless productions across New Zealand and in Australia . The exhaustive and comprehensive list can be found at Theatre Aotearoa Database .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "952df8732af6ba6e19fa0e5eb32812a1", "text": "Watership Down (film) Watership Down is a 1978 British animated adventure-drama thriller film written , produced and directed by Martin Rosen and based on the novel Watership Down by Richard Adams . It was financed by a consortium of British financial institutions . Originally released on 19 October 1978 , the film was an immediate success and it became the sixth most popular film of 1979 at the British box office . It was the first animated feature film to be presented in Dolby surround sound . It features the voices of John Hurt , Richard Briers , Harry Andrews , Simon Cadell , Nigel Hawthorne , and Roy Kinnear , among others , and was the last film work of Zero Mostel , as the voice of Kehaar the gull . The musical score was by Angela Morley and Malcolm Williamson . Art Garfunkel 's hit single `` Bright Eyes '' , which was written by songwriter Mike Batt , briefly features .", "title": "" } ]	fever
264aa32ea0c0dba1fc9980f350ac3003	Margaret Atwood has published short stories in Harper's.	[ { "docid": "cd4f1abde8b33e49b3d1a4b11ff1c0d4", "text": "Margaret Atwood Margaret Eleanor Atwood , ( born November 18 , 1939 ) is a Canadian poet , novelist , literary critic , essayist , and environmental activist . She is a winner of the Arthur C. Clarke Award and Prince of Asturias Award for Literature , has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize five times , winning once , and has been a finalist for the Governor General 's Award several times , winning twice . In 2001 , she was inducted into Canada 's Walk of Fame . She is also a founder of the Writers ' Trust of Canada , a non-profit literary organization that seeks to encourage Canada 's writing community . Among innumerable contributions to Canadian literature , she was a founding trustee of the Griffin Poetry Prize . Atwood is also the inventor , and developer , of the LongPen and associated technologies that facilitate the remote robotic writing of documents . She is the Co-Founder and a Director of Syngrafii Inc. ( formerly Unotchit Inc. ) , a company that she started in 2004 to develop , produce and distribute the LongPen technology . She holds various patents related to the LongPen technologies . While she is best known for her work as a novelist , she has also published fifteen books of poetry . Many of her poems have been inspired by myths and fairy tales , which have been interests of hers from an early age . Atwood has published short stories in Tamarack Review , Alphabet , Harper 's , CBC Anthology , Ms. , Saturday Night , and many other magazines . She has also published four collections of stories and three collections of unclassifiable short prose works .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "959bd7930ea557bdbe9b33e8eea68a8d", "text": "The Edible Woman The Edible Woman is a 1969 novel that helped to establish Margaret Atwood as a prose writer of major significance . It is the story of a young woman whose sane , structured , consumer-oriented world starts to slip out of focus . Following her engagement , Marian feels her body and her self are becoming separated . As Marian begins endowing food with human qualities that cause her to identify with it , she finds herself unable to eat , repelled by metaphorical cannibalism . In a foreword written in 1979 for the Virago edition of the novel , Atwood described it as a protofeminist rather than feminist work . Atwood explores gender stereotypes through characters who strictly adhere to them ( such as Peter or Lucy ) and those who defy their constraints ( such as Ainsley or Duncan ) . The narrative point of view shifts from first to third person , accentuating Marian 's slow detachment from reality . At the conclusion , first person narration returns , consistent with the character 's willingness to take control of her life again . Food and clothing are major symbols used by the author to explore themes and grant the reader insight on each of the characters ' personalities , moods and motivations . Setting is used to identify differences between the characters ; for example , Duncan is encountered in a mundane laundromat , gloomy theatre or sleazy hotel . In comparison , Peter inhabits genteel bars and a sparkling new apartment . However these changing environments are also used to explore different angles of existence , contrasting a freer , wilder glimpse of life , with a civilised , gilded cage . This highlights the difficulties presented to women in the era , where freedom was synonymous with uncertainty but marriage presented problems of its own . This novel 's publication coincided with the rise of the women 's movement in North America , but is described by Atwood as `` protofeminist '' because it was written in 1965 and thus anticipated second wave feminism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb8003219767ca3372a1623aba3e7394", "text": "Marjorie Daw (short story) `` Marjorie Daw '' is a short story by Thomas Bailey Aldrich . One of Aldrich 's first short stories , and his most famous , it was first published in 1869 ( in book form in 1873 , in Marjorie Daw and Other People ) and remains in print to this day . The story , which is written entirely as a series of letters between two friends , concerns the invention of an imaginary young woman , Marjorie Daw , by one correspondent , intended as a harmless diversion . When the other correspondent becomes madly smitten with the imaginary Ms Daw , the first correspondent is forced to confess his ruse . The story ends thus : `` For oh , dear Jack , there is n't any piazza , there is n't any hammock - there is n't any Marjorie Daw ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98dd193b1c93072eec27ab646a6e2aaa", "text": "Quattro Books Quattro Books is a Canadian small press based in Toronto , Ontario . Quattro publishes both poetry and novellas by established and emerging Canadian writers . Quattro Books was founded in 2006 by Allan Briesmaster , John Calabro , Beatriz Hausner and Luciano Iacobelli , who collectively ran the reading series , Toronto WordStage , from 2006 to 2008 . As of 2014 , Allan Briesmaster and Luciano Iacobelli became the sole owners of Quattro . John Calabro left the company in order to accept the role of Co-Executive Director of the Inspire ! Toronto International Book Fair , which was hosted at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre November 13 to 16 , 2014 . The publishing mandate of Quattro Books includes fostering the development and popularity of the literary novella . Known as the `` Home of the Novella , '' Quattro Books runs a yearly novella contest called the `` Ken Klonsky Novella Contest '' . Authors published by Quattro Books include George Fetherling , Christopher Levenson , Binnie Brennan , Brenda Niskala , Rocco de Giacomo , Carole Giangrande , Sky Gilbert , Michael Wex , Gianna Patriarca , Gale Zoë Garnett , David Silverberg , Susan McCaslin and Jim Christy . In 2014 , Night Vision by Christopher Levenson was shortlisted for the Governor General 's Literary Award for poetry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05d1a3b725269fe65a76a4abcce70fcc", "text": "The Handmaid's Tale The Handmaid 's Tale is a 1985 dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood . Set in a near-future New England , in a totalitarian theocracy that has overthrown the United States government , the novel explores themes of women in subjugation and the various means by which they gain individualism and independence . The novel 's title echoes the component parts of Geoffrey Chaucer 's The Canterbury Tales , which comprises a series of connected stories ( `` The Merchant 's Tale '' , `` The Parson 's Tale '' , etc. ) . The Handmaid 's Tale won the 1985 Governor General 's Award and the first Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1987 ; it was also nominated for the 1986 Nebula Award , the 1986 Booker Prize , and the 1987 Prometheus Award . The book has been adapted into a film ( 1990 ) , an opera ( 2000 ) , a TV series ( 2017 ) , and other media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53e64db6888eb6091bc9e957c8c1ef6e", "text": "Eve's Diary `` Eve 's Diary '' is a comic short story by Mark Twain . It was first published in the 1905 Christmas issue of the magazine Harper 's Bazaar , and in book format in June 1906 by Harper and Brothers publishing house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f080d3ea8e3b67a3c4235a827e39c83", "text": "Songs of Stars and Shadows Songs of Stars and Shadows is the second short story collection by author George R.R. Martin . The collection was first published in July 1977 and contains nine short stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4197a4b16f31acb0ac6997be73669dc8", "text": "Black Lawrence Press Black Lawrence Press is an independent publishing company founded in upstate New York . It was an imprint of Dzanc Books from 2008 to 2013 . It hosts the Big Moose Prize for the novel , the Hudson Prize and the St. Lawrence Book Award . In addition to fiction and poetry , it also publishes French and German translations . The executive editor is Diane Goettel and the senior editor is Angela Leroux-Lindsey , who also manages The Adirondack Review . Contemporary authors published by Black Lawrence include Mary Biddinger , Louella Bryant Daniel Chacón , B. C. Edwards , Rachel Galvin , Eric Gamalinda , Yvan Goll , Carol Guess , Michael Hemmingson , Hardy Jones , Lawrence Matsuda , Laura McCullough , Daniele Pantano , Pascale Petit , Kevin Pilkington , David Rigsbee , Ron Savage , Anis Shivani , Jen Michalski , and Erica Wright . Pilkington 's `` The Unemployed Man Who Became A Tree '' is a finalist for the 2012 Kessler Poetry Book Award . The press has also published the first English translation of Yvan Goll 's Traumkraut and a collection of previously untranslated poems by Robert Walser . Black Lawrence press published Louella Bryant 's `` While in Darkness There is Light : Idealism and Tragedy on an Australian Commune , '' an account of the 1974 death of Charlie Dean ( brother of future American Presidential candidate Howard Dean ) that drew national attention to the story of the younger Dean 's disappearance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d425822e3832ca36dd94328e6de9b203", "text": "Omnibus of Science Fiction Omnibus of Science Fiction is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Groff Conklin . It was first published in hardcover by Crown Publishers in 1952 , and reprinted in 1953 ; a book club edition was issued by the same publisher with the Science Fiction Book Club in the same year . Later editions were issued by Bonanza Books/Crown Publishers in 1984 and Chatham River Press in 1984 . An abridged paperback version including eleven of its forty-three stories was published by Berkley Books in August 1956 under the variant title Science Fiction Omnibus and reprinted in November 1963 . A two volume British edition , also abridged , was published in hardcover by Grayson & Grayson in 1953-1954 under the variant titles Strange Travels in Science Fiction and Strange Adventures in Science Fiction ; together , they included twenty-two of the original forty-three stories . The book collects forty-three novellas , novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors , together with an introduction by the editor . The stories were previously published from 1912-1952 in various science fiction and other magazines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4187ed7f1a87cc45e8b8bdfbaebe136b", "text": "The String Quartet The String Quartet is a short story written by Virginia Woolf and published in 1921 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb82eb2146385575c187bda5ab70453a", "text": "Harper Allen Harper Allen is a Canadian writer of contemporary and fantasy romance novels since 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e071c07ccb347027a9a8b64f83563e7", "text": "Bleeding Shadows Bleeding Shadows is a short story collection by American author Joe R. Lansdale . It was published by Subterranean Press on 28 November 2013 . This volume contains 30 short stories that span Mr. Lansdale 's extensive career . This book is the largest collection of Mr. Lansdale 's short stories available to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b2924b96fcf0bd2e032636000026852", "text": "The Early Ayn Rand The Early Ayn Rand : A Selection from Her Unpublished Fiction is an anthology of unpublished early fiction written by Ayn Rand , first published in 1984 , two years after her death . The selections include short stories , plays , and excerpts of material cut from her novels We the Living and The Fountainhead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f378cfbe5ce3d5e3c2026df382181079", "text": "Not After Midnight Not After Midnight is a 1971 collection of short stories by Daphne du Maurier . It was published in Britain under the title Not After Midnight by Gollancz ( with a cover by Daphne du Maurier 's daughter Flavia Tower ) , and published in America by Doubleday as Do n't Look Now . The book contains several novella-length stories , all with different characters and themes but similar in that they touch on the supernatural or strange events . The Penguin Books edition , Harmondsworth and Ringwood , Victoria , Australia , was issued with the title Do n't Look Now and Other Stories and a cover illustration by Charles Raymond in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ebb8647c30f2321ce84ddd31c8f350", "text": "The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' . Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fde7a01d9e9ac5137d849768e9c3e97", "text": "A Short History of Indians in Canada A Short History of Indians in Canada is a collection of short stories by Thomas King , published by HarperCollins in 2005 . Although the majority of the stories deal with issues surrounding First Nations people , the topics and styles are quite diverse . The book won the McNally Robinson Aboriginal Book of the Year Award in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2a3c1e00bc08821cd34895d19684519", "text": "In a Glass Darkly In a Glass Darkly is a collection of five short stories by Sheridan Le Fanu , first published in 1872 , the year before his death . The second and third are revised versions of previously published stories , and the fourth and fifth are long enough to be called novellas . The title is taken from 1 Corinthians 13:12 , a deliberate misquotation of the passage which describes humanity as perceiving the world `` through a glass darkly '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a2993efca0764f35b9829536430f814", "text": "The Atwood Stories The Atwood Stories was a Canadian television drama series , which aired on W in 2003 . A short-run dramatic anthology series produced by Shaftesbury Films , the series dramatized six short stories by Margaret Atwood . The following year , Shaftesbury produced The Shields Stories , a similar series which dramatized six short stories by another Canadian writer , Carol Shields .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "692ab91d3c6c7bd8a1df009225a0521d", "text": "The Grantville Gazettes The Grantville Gazettes are anthologies of short stories set in the 1632 universe introduced in Eric Flint 's novel 1632 . The Gazettes started as an experiment : a professionally edited , officially sanctioned `` fan magazine '' published electronically . Initially released as serialized e-magazines , they were later published as e-books ( taking a page from the Baen Books experience with E-ARCs -- Electronic Advance Reader Copies , which had been instituted several years earlier . ) Because the electronic sales were successful , Baen contracted with Flint for more issues , to be published 3-4 times per year ( bimonthly , starting in 2007 ) . Each would form part of the canonical background for the other works ( novels and anthologies ) in the rapidly growing 1632 series . As of mid-2012 , e-magazines are published bimonthly , and six books have been published ( five of those as both hardcover and mass market paperback ) excerpted from the first 17 issues of the magazine . A seventh book is promised .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50d1ad602d2dcd34898cf1b7bfabc67d", "text": "Goose Lane Editions Goose Lane Editions is a Canadian book publishing company founded in 1954 in Fredericton , New Brunswick as Fiddlehead Poetry Books by Fred Cogswell and a group of students and faculty from the University of New Brunswick associated with The Fiddlehead Magazine . After Cogswell retired in 1981 , his successor , Peter Thomas , changed the name to Goose Lane Editions . From 1989 to 1997 Douglas Lochhead was president of Goose Lane . It is now headed by publisher and co-owner Susanne Alexander . The Canada Council for the Arts says the publishing company `` has evolved to become one of Canada 's most exciting showcases of home-grown literary talent . '' Publications from Goose Lane Editions include literary fiction , poetry , biographies , works of history , travel literature , outdoor travel guides and serious non-fiction , as well as fine art volumes that it often publishes in association with museums and galleries . Authors published by Goose Lane include Alden Nowlan , Nancy Bauer , Herb Curtis , Reg Balch , Lynn Coady , Alan Cumyn , Sheree Fitch , Kerry Clare , Jeffery Donaldson , Herménégilde Chiasson , Lynn Davies , Tammy Armstrong , Kathryn Kuitenbrower , Catherine Bush , Noah Richler , Jacques Poitras , Tamai Kobayashi , Douglas Glover whose novel Elle won the 2003 Governor General 's Award for English-language fiction , Joan Thomas whose novel Reading by Lightning won the 2009 Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book ( Canada and the Caribbean ) , Riel Nason whose novel The Town That Drowned won the 2012 Commonwealth Book Prize ( Canada and Europe ) , and Marcello Di Cintio , whose book Walls : Travels Along the Barricades won the 2013 Shaughnessy Cohen Award for Political Writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01eca0127bfb875a4607bf56b67f12e0", "text": "Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people . Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award . The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team . This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .", "title": "" } ]	fever
eac513d2894586e107a25396bd8056b6	Liverpool F.C. is in the American football league.	[ { "docid": "54321a234bb54eff066aac839d6a76cd", "text": "Liverpool F.C. Liverpool Football Club ( -LSB- ˈlɪvərpuːl -RSB- ) is a professional association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside , England . They compete in the Premier League , the top tier of English football . The club has won 5 European Cups , 3 UEFA Cups , 3 UEFA Super Cups , 18 League titles , 7 FA Cups , a record 8 League Cups , and 15 FA Community Shields . The club was founded in 1892 and joined the Football League the following year . The club has played at Anfield since its formation . Liverpool established itself as a major force in both English and European football during the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley led the club to 11 League titles and seven European trophies . Under the management of Rafa Benítez and captained by Steven Gerrard Liverpool became European champion for the fifth time , winning the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final against Milan in spite of being 3 -- 0 down at half time . Liverpool was the ninth highest-earning football club in the world for 2014 -- 15 , with an annual revenue of $ 391 million , and the world 's eighth most valuable football club in 2016 , valued at $ 1.55 billion . The club holds many long-standing rivalries , most notably the North West Derby against Manchester United and the Merseyside derby with Everton . The club 's supporters have been involved in two major tragedies . The first was the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985 , where escaping fans were pressed against a collapsing wall in the Heysel Stadium , with 39 people -- mostly Italians and Juventus fans -- dying , after which English clubs were given a five-year ban from European competition . The second was the Hillsborough disaster in 1989 , where 96 Liverpool supporters died in a crush against perimeter fencing . The team changed from red shirts and white shorts to an all-red home strip in 1964 which has been used ever since . The club 's anthem is `` You 'll Never Walk Alone '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b22b7b59fbf1d7c79b7bb67bfdea70f4", "text": "American Football League (1936) The American Football League ( AFL ) was a professional American football league that operated in 1936 and 1937 . The AFL operated in direct competition with the more established National Football League ( NFL ) throughout its existence . While the American media generally ignored its operation ( often relegating game coverage to `` page filler '' status ) , this second AFL was the first `` home '' of the Cleveland Rams , which joined the National Football League after one year in the AFL . In 1937 , the Los Angeles Bulldogs , the first professional football team to play its home games on the West Coast , also became the first professional football team to win a league championship with a perfect record ( no losses , no ties ) -- 11 years before the Cleveland Browns ( AAFC ) and 35 years before the Miami Dolphins ( NFL ) accomplished the same feat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2207067ebd85b3e7571590ecaaf8f128", "text": "United States Soccer Federation The United States Soccer Federation ( USSF ) , commonly referred to as U.S. Soccer , is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization and the official governing body of the sport of soccer in the United States . With headquarters in Chicago , Illinois , the FIFA member governs U.S. amateur and professional soccer , including the men 's , women 's , youth , beach soccer , futsal , and Paralympic national teams . U.S. Soccer sanctions referees and soccer tournaments for most soccer leagues in the United States . The U.S. Soccer Federation also administers and operates the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup , which was first held in 1914 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "950c62d82db6c962c6b42c0be2b95f4c", "text": "Blackburn Rovers F.C. Blackburn Rovers Football Club -LSB- ˈblækbɜrn_ˈroʊvərz -RSB- is a professional association football club based in Ewood , Blackburn in the county of Lancashire , England . It competes in League One following its relegation from the Championship at the conclusion of the 2016 -- 17 season . The club was established in 1875 , becoming a founding member of The Football League in 1888 . It is one of only three clubs to have been both a founder member of the Football League and the Premier League ( the others being Aston Villa and Everton ) . In 1890 , Rovers moved to Ewood Park . Blackburn Rovers have been English champions three times , and have won six FA Cups and one Football League Cup . Blackburn are the only extant club to have won three consecutive FA Cups . The club has spent the majority of its existence in the top flight of English football ( 72 years ) . In 1992 , Rovers gained promotion to the new Premier League a year after being taken over by local entrepreneur Jack Walker , who installed Kenny Dalglish as manager . In 1995 , Rovers became Premier League champions . In the 1998 -- 99 season , the club was relegated . It was promoted back to the Premier League two years later , in the 2000 -- 01 season . It has qualified for the UEFA Cup four times : once as League Cup winners , twice as the Premier League 's sixth-placed team and once via the Intertoto Cup . The 2011 -- 12 season marked the club 's 72nd , non-consecutive , year in the top flight . Rovers are currently one of only six clubs to have won the Premier League , along with Arsenal , Chelsea , Manchester United , Manchester City and Leicester City . The club 's motto is `` Arte et Labore '' , `` By Skill and Hard Work '' in Latin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ce9062a4c9b0b78409c391f91c8cc5", "text": "History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games . American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States . The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon . The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e2edf5bbfe75d82fce40dce813b059c", "text": "2011–12 Football League Cup The 2011 -- 12 Football League Cup , known as the Carling Cup due to the competition 's sponsorship by lager brand Carling , was the 52nd season of the Football League Cup , a knock-out competition for England 's top 92 football clubs . Birmingham City were the defending champions , having beaten Arsenal 2 -- 1 in last season 's Final , but were knocked out 2 -- 0 by Manchester City in the Third Round . Liverpool , the winner of the competition , qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2012 -- 13 UEFA Europa League . The final was held on 26 February 2012 , and was contested at Wembley Stadium between finalists Liverpool and Cardiff City . Cardiff were the first team outside the Premier League to appear in a League Cup final since 2001 . It was Liverpool 's first appearance at the new Wembley . Liverpool won the final 3 -- 2 on penalties , claiming a record eighth League Cup , after the score was 2 -- 2 after extra time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7af7fad31f47e6b9df257a6dd2b92c8", "text": "USA Football USA Football is the national governing body for amateur American football in the United States . It is an independent non-profit based in Indianapolis , Indiana . USA Football hosts more than 100 training events annually and offers education programs for coaches and game officials , as well as skill development for young players and resources for youth league administrators . The organization awards more than $ 1,000,000 in equipment grants to youth leagues and high schools each year based on merit and need along with additional resources . USA Football also offers up to $ 500,000 in subsidies for volunteer youth coach background checks . USA Football was endowed by the National Football League and the National Football League Players Association in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2b8c99d536baaabea09f5b11d5e1aa6", "text": "East Lancashire derby The East Lancashire Derby also known as the `` Cotton Mills Derby '' is a football match between Blackburn Rovers F.C. and Burnley F.C. . The nickname originates from the fact that Blackburn and Burnley were former mill towns . The first ever competitive league match between these two former English football champions and founder members of the Football League , took place at Turf Moor on 3 November 1888 , Blackburn won the game 7 -- 1 . Blackburn also won the return fixture at Ewood Park 4 -- 2 . From a town standpoint there is an obvious geographical reason for the rivalry as the two Lancashire towns only lie 11 miles ( 18 km ) apart . Accrington Stanley F.C. stands in the middle , but is not taken seriously as a rival by either . Another alleged reason for the increased hostilities is that Blackburn complained to the Football League about Burnley 's illegal number of Scottish players in the 1890s . Blackburn Rovers were founded in 1875 and in the following years , many other clubs were formed in the region such as Accrington F.C. in 1886 and Clitheroe Central in 1877 , due to football being passionately taken up by the area . Another such club was Burnley Rovers , who started out as a rugby club until changing codes in 1882 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3b39e612dd90efcf21a3aa64f63739f", "text": "James Milner James Philip Milner ( born 4 January 1986 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Liverpool . A versatile player , he has been utilised in many different positions such as on the wing , in midfield and most recently at left-back . Milner 's talent in football , cricket , and long-distance running was recognised at a very young age . He represented his school in these sports and played football for amateur teams from Rawdon and Horsforth . He supported Leeds United from a young age and was a season ticket holder at the club . In 1996 , he joined the Leeds United youth academy . He made his debut for the first team in 2002 aged only 16 and gained prominence as the youngest player to score in the Premier League . While at Leeds United , he spent time on loan at Swindon Town to gain experience as a first-team player . Following his move to Newcastle United , he was loaned to Aston Villa for a season . He went on to make over 100 appearances for Newcastle , before returning to Aston Villa on a permanent transfer in 2008 . After playing an influential role in Aston Villa 's run to the 2010 League Cup Final and being named 2009 -- 10 PFA Young Player of the Year , Milner joined Manchester City for a reported # 26m transfer fee in 2010 , going on to win the 2011 -- 12 and 2013 -- 14 Premier League titles , 2010 -- 11 FA Cup and 2013 -- 14 League Cup . After five seasons with Manchester City , Milner signed for Liverpool on a free transfer in 2015 . Milner made a record 46 appearances for the England national under-21 football team , playing at the 2007 and 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championships . He also played 61 appearances for the full English national team , scoring once against Moldova . He was selected for the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cup squads , as well as the 2012 and UEFA Euro 2016 UEFA Euro Championships . Milner retired from international football in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfddb4e3fdf6832148e20910f95a2381", "text": "Cleveland Browns relocation controversy The Cleveland Browns relocation controversy , sometimes referred to by fans as `` The Move '' , was the decision by then-Browns owner Art Modell to move the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League ( NFL ) from its long-time home of Cleveland to Baltimore during the 1995 NFL season . Subsequent legal actions by the city of Cleveland and Browns season ticket holders led to a compromise that saw the Browns history , records , and intellectual property remain in Cleveland , while Modell was permitted to move to Baltimore and establish the Baltimore Ravens , who are officially regarded as a 1996 expansion team . The city of Cleveland agreed to demolish Cleveland Stadium and build a new stadium on the same site , and the NFL agreed to reactivate the Browns by the 1999 season through either an expansion draft or a relocated franchise . The Browns were officially reactivated in 1998 through the expansion process and resumed play in 1999 . The compromise between Cleveland , the NFL , and Modell was a first in North American professional sports . The compromise has been cited in other franchise moves and agreements , including those in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , National Hockey League ( NHL ) , Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , and Major League Baseball ( MLB ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "240774435a545023ba5e7201f76d0f53", "text": "AFL and NFL era competitive college drafts During the first seven years of existence ( 1960 -- 1966 ) of the American Football League ( AFL , 1960 -- 1969 ) , the AFL and the NFL held separate , competing drafts for college football talent . These drafts were conducted differently in each league , with the AFL , as a new league , starting its existence with the 1960 AFL draft that was actually held in December , 1959 and had 33 rounds . Each AFL team had `` territorial rights '' to players from its general region for a `` bonus '' draft selection , so that teams could sign players who were known to their fans . These were not `` picked '' as such , but agreed on by consensus . The 1960 AFL draft proceeded with teams selecting by lot and player position , e.g. , each team selected quarterbacks from the available list , then running backs , etc. . These were not listed in order of selection , but alphabetically in two groups called `` First Selections '' and `` Second Selections '' by each team . Minneapolis-Saint Paul was originally included in the AFL draft on November 22 , 1959 . When the Minneapolis-Saint Paul owners reneged on their agreement to join the AFL and jumped to the NFL , some of the remaining AFL teams signed several players from the deserters ' draft list . To compensate for this , after the Oakland Raiders ' AFL franchise was granted , an allocation draft was held , to permit the Raiders to stock their team with players from the other seven AFL teams . The established NFL held drafts more similar to the present day , in which the team with the worst record from the previous year selected first , and the reigning league champion selected last . Starting in 1961 , the AFL also followed this procedure . Because of the competition between the leagues , unlike today 's drafts , they were held soon after the end of the football season in each league , often before the college bowls were over . Many players , such as LSU 's Billy Cannon signed pro contracts `` under the goalposts '' at bowl games ; and in the College East-West Game and other all-star college bowls , many players wore the helmets of the professional team that they had signed with . The AFL was at a disadvantage in name-recognition with the established NFL , but contrary to common belief , during this period , its franchises signed a significant number of stars away from the older league . These included Cannon , as well as eventual Hall of Famers Lance Alworth , Buck Buchanan , Jim Otto , Billy Shaw , and Nick Buoniconti , and such standouts as Matt Snell , Tom Sestak , Charley Hennigan , Abner Haynes , Johnny Robinson and many others . Category : American Football League draft Category : National Football League Draft", "title": "" }, { "docid": "344acb1ab2fe5743c4982fdcfee21af2", "text": "Stanley Park Stadium Stanley Park was a proposed football stadium in Stanley Park , Liverpool that if built , would have become home to Liverpool Football Club , replacing their current home ground Anfield . The stadium had a planned capacity of 60,000 ( potentially expandable to 73,000 ) all-seated . There were two designs that were given planning permission . One was designed by architects AFL with a capacity of 60,000 , the second was a more expensive futuristic design by Dallas-based architects HKS , which would originally seat 60,000 with capacity for further expansion to 73,000 . As of January 2012 only small site preparation work had been completed . A change in owners resulted in the plans for Stanley Park Stadium being reexamined . In October 2012 new owners Fenway Sports Group announced their decision to redevelop and expand the current club stadium Anfield ( in a similar way that they redeveloped Fenway Park for the Boston Red Sox ) rather than proceed with the planned new stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc18a3e3e1f43abe188f1c8186bebcdc", "text": "Slovak Football League The Slovak Football League ( Slovenská futbalová liga ) is a national American Football league in Slovakia . The league was founded in 2011 by the Slovak Association of American Football ; there are seven teams that compete in the league today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed45ddd6b8f910b08339d0e252381694", "text": "Association football in America Association football in America could mean :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44b87290a9efa71c876a7c6db8ab03ad", "text": "National Football League regular season The National Football League ( NFL ) regular season begins the weekend after Labor Day in early September and ends in December or early January . It consists of 256 games , where each team ( 32 total ) plays 16 games during a 17-week period . Since 2012 , the NFL schedule generally has games in one of five time slots during the week . A game played on Thursday night , kicking off at 8:25 PM ( ET ) . The majority of games are played on Sunday , most kicking off at 1:00 PM ( ET ) , some late afternoon games starting at 4:05 or 4:25 PM ( ET ) . Additionally , one Sunday night game is played every week at 8:30 PM ( ET ) . One Monday night game then starts at 8:30 PM ( ET ) every week with the exception of the first week of the regular season , in which two Monday night games are played back-to-back ( the second game always occurring on the West coast ) , as well as the last week of the season , in which no Monday night game is held . In addition to these regularly scheduled games , there are occasionally games at other times , such as a Saturday afternoon or evening , or the annual Thanksgiving Day games in which three games are played . During the final week of the regular season , all games are held on Sunday . In place since 2006 , the current broadcasting contract establishes broadcast partners for each game . The Sunday afternoon games are broadcast either on CBS or Fox . CBS has the broadcast rights for teams in the American Football Conference while Fox has the rights for teams in the National Football Conference . In games where teams from both conferences play each other , the network with the broadcast rights for the `` away '' team will broadcast the game . In each local television market , three Sunday afternoon games are played . One of the two networks gets a doubleheader , while the other network has the right to broadcast a single game ; the networks alternate weeks when each has the right to the doubleheader . Doubleheader games are broadcast at 1:00 ( ET ) and 4:25 PM ( ET ) . The network with the single game will have an official kick-off time at either 1:00 PM ( ET ) or 4:05 PM ( ET ) . In addition to the regular Sunday afternoon games , there are three prime time games each week . The Thursday night game is broadcast by the NFL Network ( with , starting in 2016 , five of those Thursday games also being simulcast by CBS and another five on NBC ) . The Sunday night game is broadcast by NBC , while the Monday night game is broadcast by ESPN . The NFL uses a strict scheduling algorithm to determine which teams play each other from year to year , based on the current division alignments and the final division standings from the previous season . The current formula has been in place since 2002 , the last year that the NFL expanded its membership . Generally , each team plays the other three teams in its own division twice , all four teams from a single division in the AFC once , all four teams from a single division in the NFC once , and two additional intraconference games based on the standings from the previous season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7706353a69e60d9b59b3d0e2f7155ff8", "text": "List of sports rivalries A sports rivalry is intense competition between athletic teams or athletes . This pressure of competition is felt by players , coaches , and management , but is perhaps felt strongest by the fans . The intensity of the rivalry varies from a friendly competition on one end to serious violence on the other that , in one case ( the Football War ) , was suggested to have led to military conflicts . Owners typically encourage rivalries as they tend to improve game attendance and television ratings for rivalry matches , but a rivalry that gets out of control can lead to fighting , hooliganism , rioting and some , with career-ending or even fatal consequences . Rivalries stem from various sources . Simple geographic proximity as well as frequent meetings in important games can lead to rivalries . Games between two rivals of close geographical proximity are usually called a local derby , or simply just derby ( UK : -LSB- 'd ɑrbi -RSB- or US : -LSB- ˈdɜrbi -RSB- ) ; a sporting fixture between two teams from the same town , city or region , particularly in association football . The phrase most likely originated from The Derby , a horse race in England , founded by the 12th Earl of Derby in 1780 , since at least as early as 1840 ` derby ' has been used as a noun in English to denote any kind of sporting contest . In the United States , the term crosstown rivalry is more commonly encountered for this type of rivalry . The town of Derby was renowned as the site of a chaotic and exuberant game that involved the whole town and often resulted in fatalities . The goals were at Nuns Mill in the north and the Gallows Balk in the south of the town , and much of the action took place in the River Derwent or the Markeaton Brook . Nominally the players came from All Saints ' and St Peter 's parishes , but in practice the game was a free-for-all with as many as 1,000 players . A Frenchman who observed the match in 1829 wrote in horror , ` if Englishmen call this play , it would be impossible to say what they call fighting ' . The traditional Shrovetide football match is commonplace in the town of Ashbourne , Derbyshire . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18e5265c7032f671199bf9518a019ddb", "text": "Baltimore Ravens The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore , Maryland . The Ravens compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division . The team plays its home games at M&T Bank Stadium and is headquartered in Owings Mills . The Ravens were established in 1996 , when Art Modell , who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns , announced plans to relocate the franchise from Cleveland to Baltimore . As part of a settlement between the league and the city of Cleveland , Modell was required to leave the Browns ' history and records in Cleveland for a replacement team and replacement personnel that would take control in 1999 . In return , he was allowed to take his own personnel and team to Baltimore , where such personnel would then form an expansion team . The Ravens have been one of the more successful franchises since their inception , having qualified for the NFL playoffs ten times since 2000 , with two Super Bowl victories ( Super Bowl XXXV and Super Bowl XLVII ) , two AFC Championship titles ( 2000 and 2012 ) , 15 playoff victories , four AFC Championship game appearances ( 2000 , 2008 , 2011 and 2012 ) , four AFC North division titles ( 2003 , 2006 , 2011 and 2012 ) , and are currently the only team in the NFL to hold a perfect record in multiple Super Bowl and Thanksgiving Day appearances . The Ravens organization has been led by general manager Ozzie Newsome since 1996 , and has had three head coaches : Ted Marchibroda , Brian Billick , and John Harbaugh . With a record-breaking defensive unit in their 2000 season , the team established a reputation for relying on strong defensive play , led by players like middle linebacker Ray Lewis , who , until his retirement , was considered the `` face of the franchise . '' The team is owned by Steve Bisciotti and valued at $ 1.5 billion , making the Ravens the 24th-most valuable sports franchise in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83fe59fc66f338546ea39fe3a58cddd1", "text": "Miami FC Miami FC is an American professional soccer team based in Miami , Florida . They began play in the North American Soccer League , the second tier of the American soccer pyramid , in the 2016 season . They play home games at Riccardo Silva Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08baa60b718ba72173ee1a14856bf488", "text": "National Football League Management Council The National Football League Management Council is a non-profit association of clubs in the National Football League ( NFL ) that represents its members in negotiations related to the Collective Bargaining Agreement with the NFL Players Association . It is based in New York City and its chairman is the NFL Executive Vice President of Labor Relations , Harold Henderson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aadba8b89158a569e52006220cfe3cd", "text": "Everton F.C. Everton F.C. -LSB- ˈɛvərtən -RSB- is a football club in Liverpool , England , that currently competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . The club have competed in the top division for a record 114 seasons and won the League Championship nine times , and the FA Cup five times . Formed in 1878 , Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first League Championship two seasons later . Following four League Championship and two FA Cup wins , Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period , until a revival in the 1960s , which saw the club win two League Championships and an FA Cup . The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success , with two League Championships , an FA Cup , and the 1985 European Cup Winners ' Cup . The club 's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup . The club 's supporters are known as Evertonians . Everton have a rivalry with neighbours Liverpool , and the two sides contest the Merseyside derby . The club have been based at Goodison Park in Walton , Liverpool , since 1892 , after moving from Anfield following a row over its rent . The club 's home colours are royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1563924bf6d2846e4bf0ffcd9dbcce4", "text": "2001 NFL season The 2001 NFL season was the 82nd regular season of the National Football League ( NFL ) . In the wake of the September 11 attacks , the NFL 's week 2 games ( September 16 -- 17 ) were postponed and re-scheduled to the weekend of January 6 -- 7 . In order to retain the full playoff format , all playoff games , including Super Bowl XXXVI , were re-scheduled one week later . The New England Patriots won the Super Bowl , defeating the St. Louis Rams 20 -- 17 at the Louisiana Superdome .", "title": "" } ]	fever
26eb8783f413f842e1ecafa6e94d1bf7	Central New York is dominated by the Finger Lakes.	[ { "docid": "29d07fb8d2af397f78035c7bde1988db", "text": "New York New York is a state in the northeastern United States , and is the 27th-most extensive , fourth-most populous , and seventh-most densely populated U.S. state . New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut , Massachusetts , and Vermont to the east . The state has a maritime border in the Atlantic Ocean with Rhode Island , east of Long Island , as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest . The state of New York , with an estimated 19.8 million residents in 2015 , is also referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City , the state 's most populous city and its economic hub . With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . New York City is a global city , exerting a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term New York minute . The home of the United Nations Headquarters , New York City is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . New York City makes up over 40 % of the population of New York State . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area , and nearly 40 % lives on Long Island . Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York , future King James II of England . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . New York has a diverse geography . The southern part of the state consists of Long Island and several smaller associated islands , as well as New York City and the lower Hudson River Valley , most of which lie within the wider Atlantic Coastal Plain . The large region known as Upstate New York consists of several ranges of the wider Appalachian Mountains , including the Allegheny Plateau and Catskills along New York 's Southern Tier , and the Adirondack Mountains , Thousand Islands archipelago , and Saint Lawrence Seaway in the Northeastern lobe of the state . These more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys -- the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley , which forms the core of the Erie Canal . Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario and Lake Erie . Between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls . The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes , a popular vacation and tourist destination . New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York . The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade and proselytizing . In 1609 , the region was claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch , who built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers , where the present-day capital of Albany later developed . The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley , establishing the colony of New Netherland , a multicultural community from its earliest days and a center of trade and immigration . The British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664 . The borders of the British colony , the Province of New York , were similar to those of the present-day state . Many landmarks in New York are well known to both international and domestic visitors , with New York State hosting four of the world 's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013 : Times Square , Central Park , Niagara Falls ( shared with Ontario ) , and Grand Central Terminal . New York is home to the Statue of Liberty , a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom , democracy , and opportunity . In the 21st century , New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship , social tolerance , and environmental sustainability . New York 's higher education network comprises approximately 200 colleges and universities , including Columbia University , Cornell University , New York University , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "af278fdc406a3fc6b747c8136d92a136", "text": "Mohawk Towpath Scenic Byway The Mohawk Towpath Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the Capital District region of New York in the United States . It extends from Schenectady to Waterford by way of a series of local , county , and state highways along the Mohawk River and the Erie Canal . The byway is intended to showcase the history of the waterway , from Native American times through the creation of the Erie Canal and the role the waterside communities played in the Industrial Revolution and the westward expansion of the United States . At its east end , the byway connects to the Lakes to Locks Passage , an All-American Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0113dcd279705361b65e92d8bedbef63", "text": "Farmers' Market (New York City) There are over 50 farmer 's markets in New York City in all boroughs , which operate under GrowNYC under the `` Greenmarket '' name . GrownNYC 's food hub , `` Greenmarket , '' includes Greenmarket Co. , Youthmarket , Fresh Food Box , and the Wholesale Greenmarket under it 's programming . Greenmarket farmers market aims to encourage regional agriculture by allowing small family farms to sell their locally grown fruits , vegetables , flowers , dairy and other products , so that people in New York of all incomes and in all parts , have access to the fresh , nutritious , provincial , affordable and sustainable goods . GrownNYC 's network , Greenmarket Co. has customers that range from Michelin starred restaurants , popular food retailers to family run bodegas , senior centers and soap kitchens ; and their sources are not only from small to mid sized farms in Northeast region of New York State and New York City but also from farms in New Jersey , Pennsylvania and New England , providing New Yorkers with a bountiful and diverse array of fresh foods ☂ . One well-known farmer 's market in New York is the Union Square Greenmarket which was founded in 1976 , held year-round on Mondays , Wednesdays , Fridays and Saturdays with changing vendors on different days . The number of regional farmers , fishers , and bakers go as high as 140 during the most popular seasons , when the market is visited by food-enthusiast New Yorkers . Union square farmers market offers seasonal , fresh fruits and vegetables , artisanal cheeses , meats , breads , pickles , jams , wines , flowers amongst many others . The market is situated at the city 's one of the most vibrant locations and allows about 60,000 people to shop , taste and tour while meeting with farmers", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef83058ce31d6165040f8299d3838a7", "text": "Northern Cities Vowel Shift The Northern Cities Vowel Shift ( or simply Northern Cities Shift ) is a chain shift in the sounds of some regional American English vowels , and the defining accent feature of Inland Northern American English , heavily centering on the Great Lakes region , though also variably found to some degree in Upper Midwest American English and Southwestern New England English . The name of the shift comes from the region where it occurs , a broad swath of the United States along the Great Lakes , beginning some 50 mi west of Albany and extending west through Utica , Syracuse , Rochester , Buffalo , Cleveland , Detroit , Flint , Chicago , Milwaukee , Madison , and north to Green Bay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdec8f837ddf3f2f25a91aaf87830371", "text": "Seaway Trail Discovery Center The Seaway Trail Discovery Center is a museum located in Sackets Harbor , New York that offers a wide range of exhibits about the culture and heritage of the Great Lakes Seaway Trail and surrounding regions . The Seaway Trail is a 504 mi National Scenic Byway in the United States , mostly in New York but with a small segment in Pennsylvania . The museum is located in the historic Union Hotel and was opened in July 2000 by the New York State Office of Parks , Recreation and Preservation to provide visitors with an overview of the Seaway Trail , the State 's only scenic byway . It includes exhibits on the history , architecture and natural resources of St. Lawrence , Jefferson , Oswego , Cayuga , Wayne , Monroe , Orleans , Niagara , Erie and Chautauqua counties , those that surround the Great Lakes . The Center 's exhibits also focused on the region 's 27 historic lighthouses , local battles during the War of 1812 , and famous residents including : Susan B. Anthony , Frederic Remington and George Eastman . In addition to historical exhibits , the Center also features exhibits and lectures with content that applies to the daily lives and residents of the region . Federal funding allows the center to contribute to and help develop the counties it serves . The Center is one of the few attractions in the North Country that is open year-round and believe that doing so helps extend the tourism season in the region . As of 2004 , the Center received more than 20,000 visitors each year . Its work is believed to contribute to providing visitors with a greater understanding of how its agricultural heritage shaped the region and allow residents to understand how heritage tourism can help develop and grow the region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873770115713e5e88893a94c842f6dac", "text": "Ithaca (town), New York Ithaca is a town in Tompkins County , New York , United States . The town 's population was 19,930 at the 2010 census . The town is in the central part of the county , in the Finger Lakes -- Southern Tier region of New York , and is part of the Ithaca Metropolitan Statistical Area . The Town of Ithaca is a horseshoe-shaped portion of the metropolitan area of Ithaca , New York , surrounding the City of Ithaca and being the city 's only border .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "225bdff6c5a7db27476effa6466a05b4", "text": "North River (Hudson River) North River is an alternate name for the southernmost portion of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City and northeastern New Jersey in the United States . The colonial name for the entire Hudson was given to it by the Dutch in the early seventeenth century , the term fell out of general use for most of the river 's 300 + mile course during the early 1900s . However it still retains currency as an alternate or additional name among local mariners and others as well as appearing on some nautical charts and maps . The term is used for infrastructure on and under the river , such as the North River piers , North River Tunnels , and the North River Wastewater Treatment Plant . At different times `` North River '' has referred to the entire Hudson ; the approximate 160-mile portion of the Hudson below its confluence with the Mohawk River , which is under tidal influence ; the portion of it running between Manhattan and New Jersey ; and just the short length flowing between Lower Manhattan and Hudson County , New Jersey . Its history is strongly connected to New York Harbor 's shipping industry , which shifted primarily to Port Newark in the mid-20th century due to the construction of the Holland Tunnel and other river crossings and the advent of containerization . The names for the lower portion of the river appear to have remained interchangeable for centuries . In 1909 , construction of two tunnel projects was under way : one was called the North River Tunnels , the other , the Hudson Tubes . That year the Hudson-Fulton Celebration was held , commemorating Henry Hudson , the first European to record navigating the river , and Robert Fulton , the first man to use a paddle steamer in America , after their invention by the Marquis de Jouffroy d'Abbans in 1774 , named the North River Steamboat , to sail up it , leading to controversy over what the waterway should be called .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44c9d45cefb509d8718d43db0aa11b37", "text": "Central Park Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan , New York City . Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States , with 40 million visitors in 2013 , and one of the most filmed locations in the world . The park was established in 1857 on 778 acre of city-owned land . In 1858 , Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux , a landscape architect and an architect , respectively , won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they titled the `` Greensward Plan '' . Construction began the same year and the park 's first area was opened to the public in the winter of 1858 . Construction continued during the American Civil War farther north , and was expanded to its current size of 843 acre in 1873 . Central Park was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1962 , which in April 2017 placed it on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage sites . The park , managed for decades by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation , is currently managed by the Central Park Conservancy under contract with the municipal government in a public-private partnership . The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes 75 percent of Central Park 's $ 65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the 843-acre park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3de8b1defa32f3a84b7730f6730f601", "text": "Wallkill Valley The Wallkill Valley is a broad valley extending through southeastern New York and northwestern New Jersey . It is composed of rolling hills , plains , and swamps ( including the Black Dirt Region ) surrounding the Wallkill River . The valley is a subdivision of the larger Hudson Valley , bound to the west by the Shawangunk Ridge/Kittatinny Mountains and to the east by the Marlboro Mountains and New York -- New Jersey Highlands . The northern Wallkill Valley is sometimes associated with the greater Catskills region , although it is geographically separated from the Catskill Mountains by the Shawangunk Ridge and Rondout Valley . In a broader sense , the Wallkill Valley is part of the Ridge-and-Valley physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains , while the Catskills further to the north and west are part of the Appalachian Plateau .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7625d98a6492959e22598b39ef39cb77", "text": "Valparaiso Moraine The Valparaiso Moraine is a terminal moraine that forms an immense U around the Lake Michigan basin in North America . It is a band of high , hilly terrain made up of glacial till and sand . It begins near the border of Wisconsin and Illinois and extends south through Lake , McHenry , Cook , DuPage and Will counties in Illinois , and then turns southeast , entering Indiana . From this point , the moraine curves northeast through Lake , Porter , and LaPorte counties of Indiana into Michigan . It continues into Michigan as far as Montcalm County . It was formed during the Crown Point Phase of the Wisconsin glaciation . At this time the glacier covering the area had grown thin , so it was restrained by the dolomite rock layers of the Lake Michigan basin . Where the glacier stopped , glacial till and sand was deposited , creating the hills of the moraine . After the Valparaiso Moraine was formed , the glacier retreated and formed the Tinley Moraine . Many towns in northwest Indiana and northeast Illinois are named after the Valparaiso Moraine or the Tinley Moraine . Also , many small creeks or rivers start in the Valparaiso Moraine . The moraine itself was named after the city of Valparaiso , Indiana , where the moraine is narrower and higher than in other places . The Valparaiso Moraine forms part of the Saint Lawrence River Divide , bounding the Great Lakes Basin . Water on one side of the moraine flows into Lake Michigan , through the Great Lakes , and eventually into the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River , while water on the other side flows into tributaries of the Mississippi River , which eventually flows into the Gulf of Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2a495faeda55b33d7d447409d2b544e", "text": "Lake Cities (train) The Lake Cities was a passenger train operated by the Erie Railroad and its successor -- the Erie Lackawanna Railway -- between Chicago , and Jersey City , and later , to Hoboken , New Jersey . The Lake Cities began in 1939 as the Midlander , a Jersey City-Chicago service with sections to Cleveland , Ohio , and Buffalo , New York . Unlike other New York-Chicago runs , it bypassed Buffalo to the south and ran through the Southern Tier of New York State . A few years before the Erie 's 1960 merger with the Delaware , Lackawanna and Western Railroad , the Lake Cities began running into the Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken , New Jersey , rather than the Erie 's Pavonia Terminal , in Jersey City . Between 1961 and 1962 , the train was known as the `` Chicago Lake Cities/Buffalo Lake Cities '' , but reverted to Lake Cities again . Sleeper service ended on October 28 , 1962 . In connection with the 1964 World 's Fair in New York , the Lake Cities was renamed The World 's Fair from April 26 until October 25 , 1964 . Originally routed via Port Jervis en route to Bingamton over the traditional Erie lines , by the latter part of the 1960s it was routed over the Lackwanna 's Poconos line after the elimination of the Phoebe Snow line in 1966 . On November 28 , 1966 , the Lake Cities regained diner and sleeper service to compensate for the withdrawal of the Phoebe Snow ( which had its final run the previous day ) , but by 1967 the sleeping service went no further west than Marion , Ohio , while the dining car stopped at Huntington , Indiana . The Erie Lackawanna withdrew the train on January 6 , 1970 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73052663377d9a4c9c89ba6eb2e882e6", "text": "List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem) The main stems of 38 rivers in the United States are at least 500 mi long . The main stem is `` the primary downstream segment of a river , as contrasted to its tributaries '' . The United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) defines a main-stem segment by listing coordinates for its two end points , called the source and the mouth . Well-known rivers like the Atchafalaya , Willamette , and Susquehanna are not included in this list because their main stems are shorter than 500 miles . Seven rivers in this list cross or form international boundaries . Two -- the Yukon and Columbia rivers -- begin in Canada and flow into the United States . Three -- the Milk and Saint Lawrence rivers and the Red River of the North -- begin in the United States and flow into Canada . Of these , only the Milk River crosses the international border twice , leaving and then re-entering the United States . Two rivers , the Colorado and the Rio Grande , begin in the United States and flow into or form a border with Mexico . In addition , the drainage basins of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers extend into Canada , and the basin of the Gila River extends into Mexico . Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision . Biologist and author Ruth Patrick , describing a table of high-discharge U.S. rivers , wrote that data on discharge , drainage area , and length varied widely among authors whose works she consulted . `` It seems , '' she said , `` that the wisest course is to regard data tables such as the present one as showing the general ranks of rivers , and not to place too much importance on minor ( 10 -- 20 % ) differences in figures . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6009a03bd910d712023e319573b5cd6", "text": "New River (Kanawha River) The New River , part of the Ohio River watershed , is about 360 mi ( 515 km ) long . The river flows through the U.S. states of North Carolina , Virginia , and West Virginia before joining with the Gauley River to form the Kanawha River at the town of Gauley Bridge , WV . Much of the river 's course through West Virginia is designated as the New River Gorge National River , and the New River is one of the nation 's American Heritage Rivers . In 1975 , North Carolina designated a 26.5 miles segment of the river as `` New River State Scenic River '' , by including it in the state 's Natural and Scenic Rivers System . The segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System the following year . The origins of the name are unclear . Possibilities include being a new river that was not on the Fry-Jefferson map of Virginia , an Indian name meaning `` new waters '' , or the surname of an early settler . Despite its name , the New River is one of the five oldest rivers in the world geologically . This ancient river begins in the mountains of North Carolina near the Tennessee state line , flows generally northeastward across the Blue Ridge Mountains , Great Appalachian Valley , Ridge and Valley Province , and the Allegheny Front in western North Carolina and Virginia , before turning and following a more northwestward course into West Virginia , where it then cuts through the Appalachian Plateau ( in the New River Gorge ) to meet the Gauley River and become the Kanawha River in south-central West Virginia . The Kanawha then flows into the Ohio River at Point Pleasant , WV . Much of the river 's course is lined with steep cliffs and rock outcrops , particularly in its gorge in West Virginia . This low-level crossing of the Appalachians , many millions of years old , has long been a biogeographical corridor allowing numerous species of plants and animals to spread between the lowlands of the American East Coast and those of the Midwest ; other unusual kinds of plants occur on the gorge 's cliffs or rim-top ledges . Portions of this corridor are now also used by various railroads and highways , and some segments of the river have been dammed for hydroelectric power production . The New River Gorge is not only quite scenic , but also offers numerous opportunities for white-water recreation such as rafting and kayaking . Many open ledges along the rim of the gorge offer popular views , with favorites including Hawks Nest State Park and various overlooks on lands of the New River Gorge National River . Few highways cross the gorge , with the most dramatic bridge by far being the New River Gorge Bridge on U.S. 19 , a steel arch bridge spanning 1700 ft , with the roadway 876 ft above the average level of the river . This structure is the third-longest single-arch bridge in the world , and is also the world 's twelfth-highest vehicular bridge , and the fourth highest in the Americas . The New River Gorge and the U.S. 19 bridge crossing it are shown on the West Virginia State Quarter , minted in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a17c600dfec17dd9e4892ad41ef1c25b", "text": "Garden Peninsula The Garden Peninsula is a peninsula of 22 mi in length that extends southwestward into Lake Michigan from the mainland of Michigan 's Upper Peninsula . The peninsula is bordered by Lake Michigan on the east , and by Big Bay de Noc on the west . The base of the peninsula is served by U.S. Highway 2 , and the peninsula 's west shore is reached by M-183 . The largest settlement on the peninsula is Garden , Michigan . Many of the peninsula 's hardwoods were cut down for use in the charcoal-fired iron furnaces operated by the Jackson Iron Company in 1867 -- 1891 at what is now Fayette State Park , on the peninsula 's western shore . With its access to Great Lakes shipping , the remaining lumber of the Garden Peninsula was largely logged by the 1890s . After the conclusion of the old-growth logging era , homesteaders tried to develop an agricultural economy on the cleared land ; but these efforts largely failed in the 20th century , the main exceptions being fruit such as strawberries . Much of the peninsula reverted to second-growth woodland within the Lake Superior State Forest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f61941bec27e915c93b8ae539f520918", "text": "Episcopal Diocese of Rochester The Episcopal Diocese of Rochester is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America with jurisdiction over eight counties in west central New York . It is bounded on the north by Lake Ontario , on the east by the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York , on the south by the Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania and on the west by the Episcopal Diocese of Western New York . It is in Province 2 and has no cathedral . Its diocesan offices are in Rochester .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "361a27e7549537ac1c90f80530d56c21", "text": "History of Minneapolis Minneapolis is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Minnesota , and the county seat of Hennepin County . The origin and growth of the city was spurred by the proximity of Fort Snelling , the first major United States military presence in the area , and by its location on Saint Anthony Falls , which provided power for sawmills and flour mills . Fort Snelling was established in 1819 , at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers , and soldiers began using the falls for waterpower . When land became available for settlement , two towns were founded on either side of the falls : Saint Anthony , on the east side , and Minneapolis , on the west side . The two towns later merged into one city in 1872 . Early development focused on sawmills , but flour mills eventually became the dominant industry . This industrial development fueled the development of railroads and banks , as well as the foundation of the Minneapolis Grain Exchange . Through innovations in milling techniques , Minneapolis became a world-leading center of flour production , earning the name `` Mill City '' . As the city grew , the culture developed through its churches , arts institutions , the University of Minnesota , and a famous park system designed by Theodore Wirth . Although the sawmills and the flour mills are long gone , Minneapolis remains a regional center in banking and industry . The two largest milling companies , General Mills and the Pillsbury Company , now merged under the General Mills name , still remain prominent in the Twin Cities area . The city has rediscovered the riverfront , which now hosts parkland , the Mill City Museum , and the Guthrie Theater .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fdcdc1d7fe2ad321facaead9dd5f224", "text": "Clinton Lake (Illinois) Clinton Lake is a 4900 acre reservoir located near Clinton , Illinois . The lake is a part of the Clinton Lake State Recreation Area , which encompasses 9300 acre . Clinton Lake is located in the central part of the state . It was built in the 1970s as a cooling source for Clinton Nuclear Generating Station . The lake opened in 1978 . Clinton Lake is one of the best lakes for catfish , and other gamefish . Boating power is unrestricted on the main body of the lake , and the upper arm of the lake is reserved as a no-wake area and some limited areas are reserved for electric trolling motors . There are six boat launches on the lake , as well as one canoe launch . There is also a 1000 ft long white sand beach on the lake . Other activities at Clinton Lake include camping , boating , swimming , water skiing , fishing , hiking trails , pickniking , hunting , and winter sports . The various access and public use areas around Clinton Lake are collectively known as Clinton Lake State Recreation Area . Although fishing and other water sport activities have been the main attraction at this site , a diversity of other recreational activities are provided as well . Hunting ( by permit only ) , camping , picknicking , hiking and cross country ski facilities are also available . Snowmobiling is allowed if conditions are favorable . Horse owners may also make use of an equestrian trail . Clinton Lake is less than a 4-hour drive from Chicago and St. Louis . It is approximately 30 miles from , and centrally located between , the cities of Champaign , Bloomington , Decatur and Lincoln . Access from the north or south is facilitated by Interstates 57 and 55 as well as U.S. 51 , which passes within 10 miles of the lake . Interstates 72 and 74 provide access from the east or west . Illinois Route 10 , 54 and 48 provide a direct route to the lake . The sport fish community of Clinton Lake is composed of fishes common to central Illinois reservoirs : largemouth bass , bluegill , white crappie , black crappie , channel catfish , bullheads , flathead catfish , walleye , striped bass and hybrid striped bass . The Marina is located on the south shoreline of the Salt Creek area of Clinton Lake , between the towns of Lane and Weldon , and is accessible from Illinois Route 10 or DeWitt County Highway 14 . ( Information taken from the `` Illinois Department of Natural Resource 's CLINTON LAKE ACCESS AREAS AND FISHING GUIDE '' by Gary Lutterbie , March 2006 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d949a92ac61be81d5b280f641ee04d2", "text": "Lansing, New York Lansing ( -LSB- ˈlænsɪŋ -RSB- ) is a town in Tompkins County , New York , United States . The population was 11,033 at the 2010 census . The town is named after John Lansing . Settlers from Lansing were early residents of the then-township of Lansing , Michigan and named it after their hometown ; it would later become a city and the capital of Michigan . The Town of Lansing has within it a village named Lansing . The town is on the north border of the county , north of the City of Ithaca . In December 2014 , the Lansing Town Board unanimously adopted a resolution recognizing freedom from domestic violence as a fundamental human right .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2f8355a4ee99b5ee3e6e25bc97f28d7", "text": "Central Alabama Central Alabama is the region in the state of Alabama that stretches 170 miles ( 270 km ) from its western border with Mississippi to the eastern border with Georgia and 136 miles ( 219 km ) from the northern border of Cullman County to the Alabama River in southern Autauga County . The region 's population was 1,870,970 as of 2008 . The Birmingham television market reaches approximately the same area . The Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachians consist mainly of long , low ridges such as Red Mountain , Sand Mountain , Beaver Creek Mountain , Shades Mountain , and Coldwater Mountain in this region , and make impressive backdrops in the Greater Birmingham , Gadsden , and Anniston metropolitan areas . The easternmost part of Central Alabama around Anniston has the steepest mountains and highest elevations of the region . Coldwater Mountain and Mount Cheaha make up the highest of the mountain ridges that are located in the eastern portion of the region . The Coosa River divides the easternmost portion of the region from the central portion with the Birmingham area . The westernmost portion of Central Alabama is relatively a flat region with fertile black soil called the Black Belt . The Black Warrior River and its tributaries contribute to the fertile land of the area , and also serve as a demarcation line between the western and the central portions of the region . The central portion of Central Alabama varies from rugged in the east to flat in the west . Numerous valleys are scattered throughout this region between the mountain ridges including the densely populated Jones Valley and Shades Valley . Because the central portion is more rugged compared to the westernmost portion of Central Alabama , it is also the most flood-prone . Urban sprawl has exacerbated the risk of flooding by increasing the proportion of land covered by hard surfaces , leading to greater runoff during storms . The Black Warrior , Cahaba , and Coosa Rivers and their tributaries are among the many waterways that wind their way through the region . Other major waterways that run through the area include Choccolocco Creek , Shades Creek , and the Little Cahaba River . Large deposits of iron ore , limestone , and coal are chief among the plentiful mineral resources found in the region . The coincidence of these three in close proximity was a major incentive for the rapid development of industry in the Birmingham District after the American Civil War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b5df46035a5e7b221b3eba95cbfcff", "text": "Upper Hudson River Valley The northern portion of the Hudson River valley in Upstate New York , generally that region extending from the first town below the headwaters of the Hudson River at North River to the last substantive waterfall preventing the passage of vessels at Fort Edward . Downstream from Fort Edward , northbound boat traffic exits the Hudson River onto the Champlain Canal . The largest population center in the Upper Hudson River Valley is that of Glens Falls . Other towns include North Creek , Hadley , Lake Luzerne , Corinth , and Hudson Falls . The region is characterized by a series of small glens and valleys surrounded by the Adirondack Mountains on all sides . At Corinth the river deepens and widens as it approaches the `` big bend '' where Interstate 87 crosses near Glens Falls . Category : River valleys of the United States Category : Hudson River Category : Valleys of New York Category : Landforms of Warren County , New York Category : Landforms of Washington County , New York Category : Landforms of Saratoga County , New York", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db764c08afa06d622dfae0d625c241a1", "text": "Syracuse metropolitan area The Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area , as defined by the United States Census Bureau , is an area consisting of three counties in central New York , anchored by the city of Syracuse . As of the 2010 census , the MSA had a population of 662,577 . In the 2000 census , the MSA had a population of 650,154 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9e9ba06413eee9d46bd54b8ad6ce5baf	Stranger Things includes no psychic characters.	[ { "docid": "0b3b33e6ae5c1121973600fa19ee27a5", "text": "Stranger Things Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created , written , directed and co-executive produced by the Duffer Brothers , as well as co-executive-produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen . The first season stars Winona Ryder , David Harbour , Finn Wolfhard , Millie Bobby Brown , Gaten Matarazzo , Caleb McLaughlin , Natalia Dyer , Charlie Heaton , Cara Buono , and Matthew Modine , with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles . The second season will see Schnapp and Keery promoted to series regulars , along with the addition of Sadie Sink and Dacre Montgomery . Set in the fictional town of Hawkins , Indiana in the 1980s , the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy by his friends , older brother and traumatized mother and the local police chief , amid supernatural events occurring around the town including the appearance of a psychokinetic girl who helps the missing boy 's friends in their own search . The second season is set a year after the first , and deals with attempts of the characters to return to normal and consequences from that season . The Duffer Brothers developed the series as a mix of investigative drama alongside supernatural elements with childlike sensibilities , establishing its time frame in the 1980s and creating a homage #Noun to pop culture of that decade . Several themes and directorial aspects were inspired and aesthetically informed by the works of Steven Spielberg , John Carpenter , and Stephen King , among others . The series was released on Netflix on July 15 , 2016 . It received critical acclaim for its characterization , pacing , atmosphere , acting , soundtrack , directing , writing and homages to 1980s genre films . The series has received several industry nominations and awards , including winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2016 . On August 31 , 2016 , Netflix renewed the series for a second season of nine episodes , which is set to be released on October 31 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a765f3548c87e262a9683cafef03c206", "text": "The Unexplained (magazine) The Unexplained : Mysteries of Mind , Space , & Time was a popular partwork magazine published by Orbis Publishing in the United Kingdom , between 1980 and 1983 . It ran to 156 issues , with issue 157 being an index to the collection , and dealt with the paranormal and mysteries such as UFOs , the Bermuda Triangle , ghosts , spontaneous human combustion , the Cottingley Fairies , ancient knowledge , sea monsters , the Yeti , weird coincidences , stone circles , contact with the dead , and notable historical characters linked to the occult . The magazine was published as a journal , with page numbering continuing from one edition to the next . When the magazine ceased publication , a refund was offered if the consumer returned the covers . The magazine was edited by Peter Brookesmith , and consultants included Dr. J. Allen Hynek and Professor A. J. Ellison . The editorial director was Brian Innes , who had previously worked on Man , Myth & Magic : An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Supernatural . A complementary version was published in France , entitled L'Inexpliqué , which contained differently written articles . This series was published in 8 to 26 volumes , depending on whether the edition were British or French . The partwork , which debuted on newsstands the same year the British TV series Arthur C. Clarke 's Mysterious World ( 1980 ) was first broadcast , was hugely popular . Articles from the magazine were later published in book form during the late 1980s by various publishers , including Black Cat , Caxton , and St. Michael 's books . Titles included : When the Impossible Happens ( 1984 ) and Out of this World : Mysteries of Mind , Space , & Time ( 1989 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6d47553e36f5d3866822e1579155eb3", "text": "Sshhh ... `` Sshhh ... '' is a science fiction short story by David Brin about humanity 's first contact with an alien race . It was first published in Amazing Stories in 1988 and appears in the Brin 's 1997 anthology Otherness . The story opens with 2 Earth Survey vessels escorting Lentili starships to Earth . The Lentili are a race of tall , long-lived aliens who are far more technologically and philosophically advanced than humans , who have only recently ventured to the stars . While the Lentili are en route to Earth , Earth President Tridden makes a planetwide announcement . He reveals that an eminent psychologist has discovered that the Lentili , for all their power , lack a certain talent possessed by humans . This talent is apparently rare and almost unthinkable among galactic races . Tridden will not reveal exactly what this talent is , but describes it as `` something so mundane to us that few human beings ever bother even thinking about it past the age of ten ! '' This talent can wreak `` untold psychic harm '' among the Lentili and he asks the people of Earth to join him in making a `` great sacrifice . '' Tridden asks the human race to remove all mention of this talent from literature and from daily life . But since lingering references and , indeed , copies of his broadcast will survive , the human race must also provide a good `` cover story '' to explain away this situation . Tridden announces that it will be recorded that he has gone insane . There is no talent and the chaos will be the result of Tridden 's insanity . Tridden , seeing that he is about to be removed from the air , puts his finger to his lips in one final gesture of secrecy . The story is open-ended , leaving the reader to wonder whether Tridden pulled off a marvelous scheme to help humanity weather an ego crisis when faced with the superior Lentili , or whether humanity really does have a unique talent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c636692447584ecef11db8a08fe6b945", "text": "Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' . Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people . Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative . The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee . Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f006c2c05d09a07d53e22c6cf1bba50", "text": "Xenoglossy Xenoglossy ( -LSB- ˌziːnəˈɡlɒsi , _ ˌzɛ - , _ - noʊ - -RSB- ) , also written xenoglossia ( -LSB- ˌziːnəˈɡlɒsiə , _ ˌzɛ - , _ - noʊ - -RSB- ) , sometimes also known as xenolalia , is the putative paranormal phenomenon in which a person is able to speak or write a language he or she could not have acquired by natural means . The words derive from Greek ξένος ( xenos ) , `` foreigner '' and γλῶσσα ( glōssa ) , `` tongue '' or `` language '' . The term xenoglossy was ostensibly coined by French parapsychologist Charles Richet in 1905 . Stories of xenoglossy are found in the Bible , and contemporary claims of xenoglossy have been made by parapsychologists and reincarnation researchers such as Ian Stevenson . There is no scientific evidence that xenoglossy is an actual phenomenon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058841511de266ec0e52355ff28362d2", "text": "Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully . Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7035f7811989db71dde53c853838fe0b", "text": "Talking with Strangers Talking with Strangers is an album first issued in the UK in 2009 , by Judy Dyble featuring Robert Fripp , Ian McDonald , Julianne Regan , Simon Nicol , Tim Bowness , Jacqui McShee , Pat Mastelotto , Alistair Murphy , Celia Humphris , Laurie A'Court , Rachel Hall , Mark Fletcher , Jeremy Salmon , Paul Robinson , John Gillies , Sanchia Pattinson and Harry Fletcher . The album has subsequently been issued twice on vinyl , with different artwork on both versions . A cd version was issued by Termo in Scandinavia , which saw Dyble , Bowness and Murphy make live TV and radio appearances in support of the release . Additionally , Dark Peak productions released an imported version in Japan . Late 2012 saw a deal signed for the first official release of the album in the USA via Gonzo Multimedia . The release date being late February 2013 . The album features a near 20-minute biopic of Dyble 's life ( `` Harpsong '' ) , and is described as being in the musical style of prog-folk . The UK release received reviews including being described as a `` sophisticated triumph '' and was selected as HMV stores ` recommended album of the year ' 2009 in the specialist music sector . The first UK pressing featured the artwork of 1960s psychedelic artist John Hurford and inner sleeve illustration by Koldo Barroso . This version is sold out and deleted as of December 2009 . The second UK pressing ( and subsequent releases feature the artwork and designs of Jackie Morris . Upon the UK release , Dyble played a press and a headline show at the 100 club , this was the first time she had appeared on stage in London since the days of her being the lead singer of Fairport Convention and Trader Horne in the late 1960s . The band included Simon Nicol , Tim Bowness , Alistair Murphy amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3af6cc04be55b1963a0dd6a53f98d02f", "text": "The Stranger (song) `` The Stranger '' is a song by rock artist Billy Joel from his 1977 album of the same name , The Stranger . The song was released as a single in Japan where it became very popular and peaked at # 2 on the Oricon chart . It charted in Australia too . It was the last single from the album in Japan , while the US and UK saw `` She 's Always a Woman '' , released the previous year , as the last single from the album . The single is featured on Joel 's greatest hits album , Greatest Hits - Volume I & II . An untitled two-minute instrumental `` hidden track '' reprise of this song is featured at the end of The Stranger , after `` Everybody Has a Dream '' . Billy Joel originally wanted the melody to be played by some kind of wind instrument , but after Joel demonstrated the melody by whistling it , producer Phil Ramone convinced Joel to scrap the idea of a wind instrument and whistle instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6785a718906098c35e7c35847c369b09", "text": "Weird Science (comics) Weird Science was an American science fiction comic book magazine that was part of the EC Comics line in the early 1950s . Over a four-year span , the comic ran for 22 issues , ending with the November -- December , 1953 issue . Weird Fantasy was a sister title published during the same time frame . Published by Bill Gaines and edited by Al Feldstein , the bi-monthly Weird Science replaced Saddle Romances with the May/June 1950 issue . Although the title and format change took effect with issue 12 , Gaines and Feldstein decided not to restart the numbering in order to save money on second class postage . The Post Office took note and , starting with issue # 5 , all the issues were numbered correctly . Because of this , `` Weird Science # 12 '' could refer to either the May/June 1950 issue , or the actual 12th issue published in 1952 . The same confusion exists for issues # 13-15 , # 15 being the last issue published before EC reset the numbering . Artist/Writer Harry Harrison claims credit for originally giving Gaines the notion of publishing science fiction . Harrison has stated that he and artist Wally Wood were interested in science fiction and gave Gaines science fiction stories to read . Harrison , however , had no editorial control over the contents of the comic aside from his own stories and left EC by the end of 1950 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "955de93aba8f65459d3c0722dc962680", "text": "Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury . In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal . As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2161d0a684c85c3a46f736340048f611", "text": "Edward Page Mitchell Edward Page Mitchell ( 1852 -- 1927 ) was an American editorial and short story writer for The Sun , a daily newspaper in New York City . He became that newspaper 's editor in 1897 , succeeding Charles Anderson Dana . Mitchell was recognized as a major figure in the early development of the science fiction genre . Mitchell wrote fiction about a man rendered invisible by scientific means ( `` The Crystal Man '' , published in 1881 ) before H.G. Wells 's The Invisible Man , wrote about a time-travel machine ( `` The Clock that Went Backward '' ) before Wells 's The Time Machine , wrote about faster-than-light travel ( `` The Tachypomp '' ; now perhaps his best-known work ) in 1874 , a thinking computer and a cyborg in 1879 ( `` The Ablest Man in the World '' ) , and also wrote the earliest known stories about matter transmission or teleportation ( `` The Man without a Body '' , 1877 ) and a superior mutant ( `` Old Squids and Little Speller '' ) . `` Exchanging Their Souls '' ( 1877 ) is one of the earliest fictional accounts of mind transfer . Mitchell retired in 1926 , a year before dying of a cerebral hemorrhage . The gradual rediscovery of Mitchell and his work is a direct result of the publication in 1973 of a book-length anthology of his stories , compiled by Sam Moskowitz with a detailed introduction by Moskowitz giving much information about Mitchell 's personal life . Because Mitchell 's stories were not by-lined on original publication , nor indexed , Moskowitz expended major effort to track down and collect these works by an author whom Moskowitz cited as `` the lost giant of American science fiction '' . Mitchell 's stories show the strong influence of Edgar Allan Poe . Among other traits , Mitchell shares Poe 's habit of giving a basically serious and dignified fictional character a humorous name , such as `` Professor Dummkopf '' in Mitchell 's `` The Man Without a Body '' . Since Mitchell 's fictions were originally published in newspapers , typeset in the same format as news articles and not identified as fiction , he may possibly have used this device to signal to his readers that this text should not be taken seriously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e5e16be11ccc602d617e9ec205ac75c", "text": "Wild Things (film) Wild Things is a 1998 American erotic thriller film directed by John McNaughton , and stars Matt Dillon , Neve Campbell , Kevin Bacon , Denise Richards and Theresa Russell . An `` uncut '' version , adding seven minutes to its runtime , was released on DVD in 2004 and includes a change to Kelly and Suzie 's relationship . The film gained notoriety for featuring several sex scenes -- in particular , one involving a man and two women simultaneously -- that were more explicit than is typically seen in mainstream , big-budget Hollywood releases . It spawned several direct-to-DVD sequels that were released in 2004 , 2005 and 2010 . The film has a MPAA rating of R for `` strong sexuality , nudity , language and violence '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "274b4889e761898aab6869734992bd10", "text": "Nowhere Men Nowhere Men is a comic book series written by Eric Stephenson . The first six issues were drawn by Nate Bellegarde , colored by Jordie Bellaire , lettered by Fonografix ( Steven Finch ) , and published by Image Comics . As of issue 7 , Dave Taylor has replaced Nate Bellegarde , who no longer is part of the creative team . Emi Lenox also joined up , providing short comics about Monica Strange , one of the characters of Nowhere Men . The series centers on a fictional world where a group of four scientists , long since gone their own ways , have had huge cultural influences in a way similar to that of The Beatles in our world . It 's loosely based on the story of the British Invasion , especially how The Beatles stood out . The promotional tagline , `` Science is the new Rock-N-Roll '' , exemplifies this . The name is derived primarily from the fact that things just seem to come out of nowhere for the scientists , although there are other plot points that the name is based on as well . It was also influenced by the Beatles song `` Nowhere Man '' . Nowhere Men was nominated for four Eisner Awards in 2014 , of which it won one : Jordie Bellaire won the award for Best Colorist for her work on several titles , including Nowhere Men . As of March 2016 , nine issues have been published , the first six of which form the completed first arc . The seventh , eighth and ninth issue are part of the second arc , which started in January 2016 after a two-year delay and was scheduled to be completed in June 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d6319262588b8666c651582ac5f406b", "text": "Northern Mysteries Northern Mysteries is a docudrama-style television program that retells some of the stranger events in Canadian history , dealing with ghosts , paranormal events , lost treasures and bizarre murders . Hosted by Kenneth Welsh each episode usually tackles two events or subjects , by discussing with journalists , the police and eyewitnesses a complete account of what happened , as well as re-enacting the events for entertainment purposes . Original versions of each episode were released in both English and French .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ab2716aa8840202692056743572e9d8", "text": "The Man Without Qualities The Man Without Qualities ( 1930 -- 43 ; German : Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften ) is an unfinished modernist novel in three volumes and various drafts , by the late Austrian writer Robert Musil . It is typically considered to be one of the most significant European novels of the twentieth century . The novel is a `` story of ideas '' , which takes place in the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy 's last days , and the plot often veers into allegorical dissections on a wide range of existential themes concerning humanity and feelings . It has a particular concern with the values of truth and opinion and how society organizes ideas about life and society , though the book is well over a thousand pages long in its entirety , and so no one single theme dominates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9f8b288d5b9b64ca51ce3a3bd406937", "text": "Alien abduction claimants Alien abduction claimants ( also called abductees and experiencers ) are people who have claimed to have been abducted by aliens . The term `` abduction phenomenon '' describes claims of non-human creatures kidnapping individuals and temporarily removing them from familiar terrestrial surroundings . The abductors , usually interpreted as being extraterrestrial life forms , are said to subject experiencers to a forced medical examination that emphasizes the alleged experiencer 's reproductive system . The first alien abduction narrative to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Since that time , the credibility and mental health of alleged experiencers has taken on great importance to those seeking to determine the veracity of the abduction claims . Mainstream academics and members of the skeptics movement generally doubt that the phenomenon occurs literally as reported , and have proposed a variety of alternate explanations . Such skeptics often argue that the phenomenon might be a modern-day folk myth or vivid dreams occurring in a state of sleep paralysis . On the contrary ufologists and paranormal researchers hold positions closer to the face-value of abduction claims . The discovery of common psychological traits shared by abductees would have the potential to determine a neurological explanation for the claims , while other commonalities or differences may serve to reinforce that the claims of the experiencers do in fact correspond with objective reality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddce0c0cb65863c8e7fe09be4ce69612", "text": "Doctor Strange Stephen Vincent Strange , M.D. is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist Steve Ditko and writer Stan Lee , the character first appeared in Strange Tales # 110 ( cover-dated July 1963 ) . Doctor Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme , the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats . Inspired by stories of black magic and Chandu the Magician , Strange was created during the Silver Age of Comics to bring a different kind of character and themes of mysticism to Marvel Comics . The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon . After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One . After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts . Along with knowing many powerful spells , he has a costume with two mystical objects -- the Cloak of Levitation and Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers . Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects . He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City . Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme . In 2008 , Doctor Strange was ranked 83rd in Wizards `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , and in 2012 was ranked 33rd in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' . He was also ranked 38th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes '' . The character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film Dr. Strange . Benedict Cumberbatch stars as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in the role in the 2016 film Doctor Strange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f738ceb76bf790a270d413b3e4c3c18", "text": "Abnormal psychology Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior , emotion and thought , which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder . Although many behaviors could be considered as abnormal , this branch of psychology generally deals with behavior in a clinical context . There is a long history of attempts to understand and control behavior deemed to be aberrant or deviant ( statistically , functionally , morally or in some other sense ) , and there is often cultural variation in the approach taken . The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple causes for different conditions , employing diverse theories from the general field of psychology and elsewhere , and much still hinges on what exactly is meant by `` abnormal '' . There has traditionally been a divide between psychological and biological explanations , reflecting a philosophical dualism in regard to the mind body problem . There have also been different approaches in trying to classify mental disorders . Abnormal includes three different categories ; they are subnormal , supernormal and paranormal . The science of abnormal psychology studies two types of behaviors : adaptive and maladaptive behaviors . Behaviors that are maladaptive suggest that some problem ( s ) exist , and can also imply that the individual is vulnerable and can not cope with environmental stress , which is leading them to have problems functioning in daily life . Clinical psychology is the applied field of psychology that seeks to assess , understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice . The theoretical field known as ` abnormal psychology ' may form a backdrop to such work , but clinical psychologists in the current field are unlikely to use the term ` abnormal ' in reference to their practice . Psychopathology is a similar term to abnormal psychology but has more of an implication of an underlying pathology ( disease process ) , and as such is a term more commonly used in the medical specialty known as psychiatry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cb440fcc8c7cc8020567f5bcaac085d", "text": "Psychic vampire A psychic vampire is a mythological creature said to feed off the `` life force '' of other living creatures . Psychic vampires are represented in the occult beliefs of various cultures and in fiction .", "title": "" } ]	fever
47ce2a93d4652e74865f11a03f8bd449	Marlon Brando was a supporter of Native American movements.	[ { "docid": "b32b95bf5cf758eabea1cc9835f6946c", "text": "Marlon Brando Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements . He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 . The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s . Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "35c030893fec27700674a889363d3fcc", "text": "Pan-Indianism Pan-Indianism is a philosophy and movement promoting unity among different American Indian groups in the Americas regardless of tribal or local affiliations . Some academics use the term pan-Amerindianism as a form of disambiguation from other territories called Indian . The movement is largely associated with Native Americans in the Continental United States , but has spread to other indigenous groups as well . A parallel growth of the concept has occurred in Alaska and Canada . There , however , other indigenous peoples , such as the Inuit and the Métis are often included in a wider rubric , sometimes called pan-Aboriginal or some variation thereof . Pan-Indian organizations seek to pool the resources of indigenous groups in order to protect the interests of native peoples across the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1825aab45e140c82f8949cd5627f48f", "text": "Hispanismo Hispanismo or Hispanicism is an ideology , school of thought and historiographic current centered on Spanish heritage . In Hispanic America it is similar but opposite to indigenismo . The view of hispanismo holds that `` countries '' should not deny their cultural roots because in doing so they are denying themselves . In the case of Hispanic America these cultural roots are Spanish and indigenous . An important detail is that in hispanismo the Spanish roots are implicitly more important than the indigenous roots . Hispanismo consist of Hispanic American countries building upon their `` own heritage '' which would be the same as Spanish heritage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13db858565383fcd5d793cf212e1142d", "text": "Lannan Literary Awards The Lannan Literary Awards are a series of awards and literary fellowships given out in various fields by the Lannan Foundation . Established in 1989 , the awards are meant `` to honor both established and emerging writers whose work is of exceptional quality '' , according to the foundation . The foundation 's awards are lucrative relative to most awards in literature : the 2006 awards for poetry , fiction and nonfiction each came with $ 150,000 , making them among the richest literary prizes in the world . The awards reflect the philosophy governing the Lannan Foundation , a family foundation established by J. Patrick Lannan , Sr. in 1960 . It describes itself as `` dedicated to cultural freedom , diversity and creativity through projects which support exceptional contemporary artists and writers , as well as inspired Native activists in rural indigenous communities . '' Awards have been made to acclaimed and varied literary figures such as David Foster Wallace , William Gaddis , Lydia Davis , William H. Gass , Steve Erickson and W.S. Merwin . The foundation has also recognized people known as much for their public intellectual activities as for their literary talents , such as Barbara Ehrenreich and Edward Said . The foundation also gives a `` Cultural Freedom Prize '' for the stated purpose of recognizing `` people whose extraordinary and courageous work celebrates the human right to freedom of imagination , inquiry , and expression . '' Prize winners include Elouise P. Cobell , Robert Fisk , Eduardo Galeano , , Mahmoud Darwish , Arundhati Roy , Helen Caldicott and Cornel West . The foundation does not accept applications for awards or fellowships . Candidates are suggested anonymously `` by a network of writers , literary scholars , publishers , and editors , '' with the foundation 's literary committee making the final determination . The foundation also `` provides financial assistance to tribes and nonprofits that serve Native American communities ... '' For instance , it gave more than $ 7 million in grants to the Blackfeet Reservation Development Fund from 1998 to 2009 , to support litigation on behalf of Native Americans with interests in trust lands . This nonprofit was created by Elouise P. Cobell and her legal team to bring claims against the United States for mismanaging lands held in trust for Native Americans . The Cobell v. Salazar case was filed in 1996 and settled in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f278affc521fedd7c00d0405c32537e0", "text": "Bindibu expedition The Bindibu expedition was a series of three field trips mounted by anthropologist Donald Thomson to meet with and learn from Pintupi Indigenous Australians between 1957 and 1965 . Thomson travelled to the Great Sandy Desert and Gibson Desert -- the Western Desert -- one of the most inhospitable parts of the country , to meet with these people still living as they had done for many thousands of years . The Pintupi ( Bindibu ) were the last Aboriginal group to make contact with Europeans over the period 1956 to 1984 . Many Pintupi people still remember this experience . For many , Thomson was the first white man they had ever seen . In this research he concentrated on the Aborigines ' hunting and gathering practices . He provided a collection of Pintupi material including photographs , notes and films , which now form part of invaluable museum collections . Just before he left the people , they gave him an invaluable lesson on desert water , including an important `` map '' to assist its location . White people had long been puzzled as to how Aborigines could possibly find water in this harsh environment . Many desert explorers had captured Aborigines and used force and brutality to gain this vital knowledge -- see for example , the history of the Canning Stock Route . Thomson writes : Just before we left , the old men recited to me the names of more than fifty waters -- wells , rockholes and claypans ... this , in an area that the early explorers believed to be almost waterless , and where all but a few were , in 1957 , still unknown to the white man . And on the eve of our going , Tjappanongo ( Tjapanangka ) produced spear-throwers , on the backs of which were designs deeply incised , more or less geometric in form . Sometimes with a stick , or with his finger , he would point to each well or rock hole in turn and recite its name , waiting for me to repeat it after him . Each time , the group of old men listened intently and grunted in approval -- `` Eh ! '' -- or repeated the name again and listened once more . This process continued with the name of each water until they were satisfied with my pronunciation , when they would pass on to the next.I realized that here was the most important discovery of the expedition -- that what Tjappanongo and the old men had shown me was really a map , highly conventionalized , like the works on a `` message '' or `` letter '' stick of the Aborigines , of the waters of the vast terrain over which the Bindibu hunted.As well as writing in scholarly , anthropological journals , Thomson often filed articles back to many mainstream publications , such as The Australian Women 's Weekly , about his findings in the Outback with the world 's oldest surviving culture . He was often criticised for this for being low-brow . However , he defended his actions , realising the appeal and fascination of the ordinary Australian with the first Australians and their apparently simple , yet necessarily sophisticated , survival skills Thomson said of the Bindibu : -LSB- They -RSB- have adapted themselves to that bitter environment so that they laugh deeply and grow the fattest babies in the world . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1aa0525c0bad349fd707caa86a01b0d", "text": "Anti-Mexican sentiment Anti-Mexican sentiment is a negative attitude to people of Mexican descent , Mexican culture and/or accents of Mexican Spanish most commonly found in the United States . In general it is closely associated with Mexican and United States Independence wars , and the struggle over Southwestern territories that once belonged to Spain through the establishment of building Catholic Missions . This eventually would lead to war between the two nations and the defeat of Mexico which came with a great loss of territory . In the 20th century , anti-Mexican sentiment continued to grow after the Zimmermann Telegram incident between the Mexican government during the Mexican Revolution and the German Empire during World War I , . Most of all , anti-Mexican sentiment in the USA stemmed from perception that blame Mexicans for illegal immigration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d2c6f50ca1aaa8271bfa8411d32a104", "text": "Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 Fear and Loathing : On the Campaign Trail '72 is a collection of articles covering the 1972 presidential campaign written by Hunter S. Thompson and illustrated by Ralph Steadman . The articles were first serialized in Rolling Stone magazine throughout 1972 and later released as a book in early 1973 ( San Francisco , CA : Straight Arrow Books , 1973 ; London : Allison & Busby , 1973 ) . The book focuses almost exclusively on the Democratic Party 's primaries and the breakdown of the party as it splits between the different candidates . Of particular focus is the manic maneuvering of the George McGovern campaign during the Miami convention as they sought to ensure the Democratic nomination despite attempts by the Hubert Humphrey campaign and other candidates to block McGovern . Thompson began his coverage of the campaign in December 1971 , just as the race toward the primaries was beginning , from a rented apartment in Washington , DC ( a situation he compared to `` living in an armed camp , a condition of constant fear '' ) . Over the next 12 months , in voluminous detail , he covered every aspect of the campaign , from the smallest rally to the raucous conventions . Because of the freewheeling nature of the campaign , a first-generation fax machine was procured at great expense by the magazine for Thompson . Dubbing it `` the mojo wire '' , Thompson used the new technology to extend the writing process precariously close to printing deadlines , often haphazardly sending in notes mere hours before the magazine went to press . Fellow writers and editors would have to assemble the finished product with Thompson over the phone . Like his earlier novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas , Thompson employed a number of unique literary styles in On the Campaign Trail , including the use of vulgarity and the humorous exaggeration of events . Despite the unconventional style , the book is still considered a hallmark of campaign journalism and helped to launch Thompson 's role as a popular political observer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70bae3cc696e13bbf26e7ed122da9606", "text": "Virgin Islands Americans Virgin Islands Americans are Americans from the U.S. Virgin Islands or British Virgin Islands who reside in the continental United States , or continental Americans of Virgin Islands heritage . Persons born in the U.S. Virgin Islands are United States citizens , and as a result do not go through the legal immigration procedures a typical West Indies immigrant would . They are also , due to cultural affinities with the Anglophone Caribbean , U.S. Virgin Islanders in the U.S. are considered part of the Caribbean American immigrant community . It is difficult to determine how many Virgin Islanders reside in the United States . According to the 2000 U.S. Census , there are 15,014 of U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry residing in the continental United States . However , a count of American residents with `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry '' excludes most U.S. Virgin Islands-born immigrants in the United States . Because of a high incidence of inter-Caribbean migration throughout the 1960s and 1970s , most native-born U.S. Virgin Islanders today are one or two generations removed from other Caribbean islands and would not necessarily define themselves as having `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry . '' For example , Tim Duncan is a St. Croix native with Anguillian ancestry . The population of immigrants of British Virgin Islands origin in the United States is also difficult to determine , as they are not specifically counted in the U.S. Census , but grouped with other Caribbean British Overseas Territories as `` British West Indies . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "529a1c4846dc4c37eab61f38f5d1b7af", "text": "Dakota people The Dakota people are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America . They compose two of the three main subcultures of the Sioux -LSB- ˈsuː -RSB- people , and are typically divided into the Eastern Dakota and the Western Dakota . The Eastern Dakota are the Santee ( Isáŋyathi or Isáŋ-athi ; `` knife '' + `` encampment '' , ″ dwells at the place of knife flint ″ ) , who reside in the eastern Dakotas , central Minnesota and northern Iowa . They have federally recognized tribes established in several places . The Western Dakota are the Yankton , and the Yanktonai ( Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ and Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna ; `` Village-at-the-end '' and `` Little village-at-the-end '' ) , who reside in the Missouri River area . The Yankton-Yanktonai are collectively also referred to by the endonym Wičhíyena ( ″ Those Who Speak Like Men ″ ) . They also have distinct federally recognized tribes . In the past the Western Dakota have been erroneously classified as Nakota , a branch of the Sioux who moved further west . The latter are now located in Montana and across the border in Canada , where they are known as Stoney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ded67993d74f131774a093d5f151c4", "text": "Kiowa Costonie Prophet Kiowa Costonie was born in 1903 on an Indian reservation in Salt Lake City , Utah . Abandoned by his parents as an infant , Costonie spent his adolescent years living from one foster home to another . After four name changes and several adoptions later , he settled with the name Kiowa Costonie , which he believed was his original name given by his birth mother . The prophet spent a great deal of his life traveling from state to state , investing in business ventures and uplifting those in the black community . During the 1930s , Kiowa Costonie was noted as being one of the most active voices against racial inequality in Baltimore , Maryland . In 1933 , he left his home in Harlem , New York City to pilot several dozen boycotts against local store owners who would not employ African Americans . Costonie massive boycott included : The A&P , ASCO , Tommy Tucker 's five and dime store , Max Meyers ' shoe store , and Howard Cleaners and Dryers . His famous `` Buy Where You Can Work '' campaign led to the successful hiring of nearly one hundred blacks in Northwest Baltimore . Prophet Costonie also considered himself to be a `` faith healer '' . He led thousands to believe that he had the ability to cure ailments with the touch of his hands and prayer . Costonie practiced his faith healing in Baltimore at several local churches before founding a number of religious institutions in many cities . He also published two books , `` How To Win and Hold a Husband '' and `` Costonie 's Book of Dreams '' . Kiowa Costonie led an adventurous , busy life helping those in need until his death in 1971 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1487bb3d2d389eb5f561e01d990571f", "text": "James Young Deer James Young Deer ( April 1 , 1876 -- April 6 , 1946 ) , also known as J. Younger Johnson or Jim Young Deer , was actually born James Young Johnson in Washington , D.C. Although he was identified in the early Hollywood trade paper Moving Picture World as of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska , his ancestry is of the Nanticoke people of Delaware . He became an early film actor , director , writer , and producer . He is believed to be the first Native American filmmaker/producer in Hollywood . Together with his wife and partner Lillian St. Cyr , Winnebago , the couple were labeled an `` influential force '' in the production of one-reel Westerns during the first part of the silent film era . Their films , along with several others of the silent era , were notable for portraying Native Americans in a positive light . Questions were raised about Young Deer 's Winnebago background when film historians were unable to verify much about his origins , and he was not listed on the Winnebago tribal rolls in the early 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca22ac7cb718acabc226442ba432625f", "text": "Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle . Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . '' Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position . Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43698ec768ac947bec7b6cccb8999258", "text": "American Indian boarding schools Native American boarding schools were established in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to educate and assimilate Native American children and youths according to Euro-American standards . These boarding schools were first established by Christian missionaries of various denominations , who often started schools on reservations and founded boarding schools to provide opportunities for children who did not have colonial schools nearby , especially in the lightly populated areas of the West . The government paid religious orders to provide education to Native American children on reservations . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , the Bureau of Indian Affairs ( BIA ) founded additional boarding schools based on the assimilation model of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School off-reservation . Children were typically immersed in European-American culture through appearance changes with haircuts , were forbidden to speak their native languages , and traditional names were replaced by new European-American names ( to both `` civilize '' and `` Christianize '' ) . The experience of the schools was often harsh , especially for the younger children who were forcibly separated from their families . In numerous ways , they were encouraged or forced to abandon their Native American identities and cultures . Investigations of the later twentieth century have revealed many documented cases of sexual , manual , physical and mental abuse occurring at these schools . Since those years , tribal nations have increasingly insisted on community-based schools and have also founded numerous tribal colleges and universities . Community schools have also been supported by the federal government through the BIA and legislation . The largest boarding schools have closed . By 2007 , most of the schools had been closed down and the number of Native American children in boarding schools had declined to 9,500 . In this same period , more Native Americans live in urban environments and having to accommodate to majority culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a845760004e8fe446fa19448ce04fbb2", "text": "Suzan Shown Harjo Suzan Shown Harjo ( born June 2 , 1945 ) ( Cheyenne and Hodulgee Muscogee ) is an advocate for American Indian rights . She is a poet , writer , lecturer , curator , and policy advocate , who has helped Native peoples recover more than one million acres ( 4,000 km ² ) of tribal lands . After co-producing the first Indian news show in the nation for WBAI radio while living in New York City , and producing other shows and theater , in 1974 she moved to Washington , DC , to work on national policy issues . She served as Congressional liaison for Indian affairs in the President Jimmy Carter administration and later as president of the National Council of American Indians . Harjo is President of the Morning Star Institute , a national Native American rights organization . Since the 1960s , she has worked on getting sports teams to drop names that promote negative stereotypes of Native Americans . In June 2014 , the Patent and Trademark Office revoked the Washington Redskins trademark ; the owner said he would appeal . By 2013 two-thirds of teams with American Indian mascots had changed them due to these public campaigns . On November 24 , 2014 , Harjo received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the United States ' highest civilian honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f8eae82a811d860f395f9b32b466621", "text": "Cultural assimilation of Native Americans The cultural assimilation of Native Americans was an assimilation effort by the United States to transform Native American culture to European -- American culture between the years of 1790 -- 1920 . George Washington and Henry Knox were first to propose , in an American context , the cultural transformation of Native Americans . They formulated a policy to encourage the `` civilizing '' process . With increased waves of immigration from Europe , there was growing public support for education to encourage a standard set of cultural values and practices to be held in common by the majority of citizens . Education was viewed as the primary method in the acculturation process for minorities . Americanization policies were based on the idea that when indigenous people learned United States ( American ) customs and values , they would be able to merge tribal traditions with American culture and peacefully join the majority of the society . After the end of the Indian Wars , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries , the government outlawed the practice of traditional religious ceremonies . It established Native American boarding schools which children were required to attend . In these schools they were forced to speak English , study standard subjects , attend church , and leave tribal traditions behind . The Dawes Act of 1887 , which allotted tribal lands in severalty to individuals , was seen as a way to create individual homesteads for Native Americans . Land allotments were made in exchange for Native Americans ' becoming US citizens and giving up some forms of tribal self-government and institutions . It resulted in the transfer of an estimated total of 93 e6acre from Native American control . Most was sold to individuals or given out free through the Homestead law , or given directly to Indians as individuals . The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 was also part of Americanization policy ; it gave full citizenship to all Indians living on reservations . The leading opponent of forced assimilation was John Collier , who directed the federal Office of Indian Affairs from 1933 to 1945 , and tried to reverse many of the established policies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f14e247c06a311c05e60d25226711c1b", "text": "Mexican Kickapoo The Mexican Kickapoo ( Tribu Kikapú ) are a bi-national indigenous people , some of whom live both in Mexico and in the United States . In Mexico , they were granted land at Hacienda del Nacimiento near the town of Múzquiz in the state of Coahuila in 1850 . A few small groups of Kickapoo also live in the states of Sonora and Durango . The Mexican Kickapoo often work as migrants in Texas and move throughout the midwest and the western United States , returning in winter to Mexico . They are affiliated with the federally recognized tribes of the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas , Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma , and Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas . In 1979 the Mexican Kickapoo who were dual residents requested clarification of their status , as they had no clear legal status in either the United States or Mexico . An Act was passed in 1983 by the United States Congress , which recognized them as a distinct subgroup of the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma . It also granted federal recognition to the Texas Kickapoo . A 1985 law gave the Texas band the option of selecting Mexican or U.S. citizenship . Some 145 of the tribe members chose to become U.S. citizens and the remaining 500 or so chose to obtain Mexican citizenship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33b097fdfa2393bef0ea9bcd75da940", "text": "Romantic racism Romantic racism is a form of racism in which members of a dominant group project their fantasies onto members of oppressed groups . Feminist scholars have accused Norman Mailer , Jack Kerouac , and other Beatnik authors of the 1950s of romantic racism . They maintain that the dominant mainstream culture of the 1950s in the United States stressed conformity and held up middle-class suburban families as the cultural ideal , and that it was indifferent to art and literature , upheld racial segregation , and despised or ignored black achievements , such as jazz . Those , like the novelist Norman Mailer , who felt limited by or alienated from mainstream culture , sought out influences from other cultures as form of rebellion . Mailer , a great fan of jazz music , created his concept of what it meant to be `` hip , '' or a member of the white urban counterculture , largely on his perception of the culture of urban African-Americans ( with whom the expression `` hip '' , meaning `` in the know '' , originated ) and articulated his vision in his essay `` The White Negro . '' Mailer , who considered himself an opponent of Victorian sexual repression and regimentation , idealized what he saw as the sexual and other freedoms of minority and other counter-cultural groups , overlooking the fact that in these groups sexual exploitation of women sometimes occurred.These critics consider his depictions of what he imagines African-American life to be like as an instance of what they call `` romantic racism '' , contending that he implies that in urban ghettoes -- filled with sex , drugs , and violence -- life is somehow enriched , rather than hurt , by poverty and crime . Mailer 's essay has also been criticized for spreading the stereotype of African-American men as hypermasculine and hypersexual .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b311b1da1ffa187533ed7c5e640e06d", "text": "Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation The Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation are descendants of the historic Saponi and other Siouan-speaking Indians who occupied the Piedmont of North Carolina and Virginia . The community is located primarily in Pleasant Grove Township , Alamance County , North Carolina . The tribe maintains an office in Mebane , where it carries out programs to benefit the roughly 701 enrolled tribal members . Limited documentation exists linking members of the tribe to the historical Occaneechi and Saponi tribes . After warfare in the Southeast in the 18th century , most of the remaining Saponi tribe members went north in 1740 for protection with the Iroquois . After the American Revolution , they relocated with the Iroquois in Canada , as they had been allies of the British . After the war and migration , the Saponi disappeared from the historical record in the Southeast , in part because of racial discrimination that often included them in records only as free blacks or free people of color , when the states and federal government had no category in censuses for American Indian . In addition , because slavery became essentially a racial caste , southern society tended to classify people with any African ancestry as black , rather than recognizing mixed ancestry . This was especially true in the late 19th and early 20th century , after white Democrats regained control of state legislatures across the South and imposed a binary system of racial segregation . Remnant Saponi who stayed in North Carolina were mostly acculturated . The community was traditionally located at the old `` Little Texas '' community of Pleasant Grove Township , where the tribe owns 25 acre of land . In the twentieth century , the tribe worked to revive its cultural traditions . It is developing a tribal center facility . This will include a reconstructed 1700 Occaneechi village , museum , log farm from the 1880s , community meeting space , and classroom areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "567ee987415838a83239694d64206142", "text": "State recognized tribes in the United States State recognized tribes are Native American Indian Tribes , Nations , and Heritage Groups that have been recognized by a process established under assorted state laws for varying purposes . With increasing activism by tribal nations since the mid-20th century to obtain federal recognition of their tribal sovereignty , many states have passed legislation to recognize some tribes and acknowledge the self-determination and continuity of historic ethnic groups . The majority of these groups are located in the Eastern US , as is the case with the three largest state-recognized tribes : viz . the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina and the United Houma Nation of Louisiana . In many cases , they have recognized tribes that were landless ; that is , did not have an Indian reservation or communal land holdings . In addition , such states have often established commissions or other administrative bodies to deal with Native American affairs within the state . It has resulted from the process of increasing self-determination and preservation of cultural identity within some Native American communities , including descendants who remained in states east of the Mississippi River when many tribes were removed during the 19th century . State recognition confers limited benefits under federal law . It is not the same as federal recognition , which is the federal government 's acknowledgment of a tribe as a dependent sovereign nation . Some states have provided laws related to state recognition that provide some protection of autonomy for tribes not recognized by the federal government . For example , in Connecticut , state law recognizing certain tribes also protects reservations and limited self-government rights for state-recognized tribes . Such state recognition has at times been opposed by federally recognized tribes . For instance , the Cherokee Nation opposes state-recognized tribes claiming Cherokee identity , as well as many non-recognized groups that also claim to be Cherokee . Numerous other groups assert that they are Indian tribes . Many are listed in List of unrecognized tribes in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6777367b9279edab39d8dcc018462d28", "text": "Cherokee removal Cherokee removal , part of the Trail of Tears , refers to the forced relocation between 1836 and 1839 of the Cherokee Nation from their lands in Georgia , South Carolina , North Carolina , Tennessee , Texas , and Alabama to the Indian Territory ( present day Oklahoma ) in the then Western United States , and the resultant deaths along the way and at the end of the movement of an estimated 4000 Cherokee . The Cherokee have come to call the event Nu na da ul tsun yi ( vvvhe place where they cried ) ; another term is Tlo va sa ( our removal ) -- both phrases not used at the time , and seems to be of Choctaw origin . Removal actions ( voluntary , reluctantly or forcibly ) occurred to other American Indian groups in the American South , North , Midwest , Southwest , and the Plains regions . The Chickasaw , Choctaw , Creek and ( Muskogee ) were removed reluctantly . The Seminole in Florida responded to removal by the United States Army for decades ( 1817 -- 1850 ) with guerrilla warfare , part of the intermittent Native American Wars that lasted from 1540 to 1924 . Some Seminole remained in their Florida home country , while others were transported to Indian Territory in shackles . The phrase `` Trail of Tears '' is used to refer to similar events endured by other Indian groups , especially among the `` Five Civilized Tribes '' . The phrase originated as a description of the voluntary removal of the Choctaw nation in 1831 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e76f1b9844daf70bdc3b783d236c1fac	Tori Kelly was on a singing contest.	[ { "docid": "d4239a5206b28103b52a5c69ada9209c", "text": "Tori Kelly Victoria Loren `` Tori '' Kelly ( born December 14 , 1992 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer and voice actress who slowly gained recognition after starting to post videos on YouTube at the age of 14 . When she was 16 , Kelly auditioned for the singing competition television series American Idol . After being eliminated from the show , Kelly began to work on her own music . In 2012 , she independently released her first EP that she produced , wrote , and mixed herself , titled Handmade Songs By Tori Kelly . The following year , Scooter Braun became her manager after seeing her videos on YouTube and introduced her to Capitol Records , with whom she signed in September . Kelly 's second EP Foreword came out in October 2013 as her first major label release . On June 23 , 2015 , Kelly 's debut album , Unbreakable Smile , was released . The lead single , `` Nobody Love '' , was released in the spring and became her first US Billboard Hot 100 appearance . Kelly was nominated for Best New Artist at the 58th Grammy Awards . She voiced a shy teenage elephant named Meena in the 2016 animated film Sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dce3310502165a35908eaaf1135250f", "text": "American Idol American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller , produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment , and distributed by FremantleMedia North America . It began airing on Fox on June 11 , 2002 , and ended its first-run on April 7 , 2016 . In 2018 , the show will make its debut on ABC . It started off as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol , and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television . The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents , with the winner determined by the viewers in America through telephones , Internet , and SMS text voting . Winners chosen by viewers in its fifteen seasons were Kelly Clarkson , Ruben Studdard , Fantasia , Carrie Underwood , Taylor Hicks , Jordin Sparks , David Cook , Kris Allen , Lee DeWyze , Scotty McCreery , Phillip Phillips , Candice Glover , Caleb Johnson , Nick Fradiani , and Trent Harmon.American Idol employed a panel of judges who critiqued the contestants ' performances . The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson , pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell . The judging panel for the final seasons consisted of country singer Keith Urban , singer and actress Jennifer Lopez , and jazz singer Harry Connick , Jr. . The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman , with Seacrest as the sole master of ceremonies for the rest of the series . The success of American Idol has been described as `` unparalleled in broadcasting history '' . The series was also said by a rival TV executive to be `` the most impactful show in the history of television '' . It became a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars . According to Billboard magazine , in its first ten years , `` Idol has spawned 345 Billboard chart-toppers and a platoon of pop idols , including Kelly Clarkson , Carrie Underwood , Katharine McPhee , Chris Daughtry , Fantasia , Ruben Studdard , Jennifer Hudson , Clay Aiken , Adam Lambert and Jordin Sparks while remaining a TV ratings juggernaut . '' For an unprecedented eight consecutive years , from the 2003 -- 04 television season through the 2010 -- 11 season , either its performance or result show had been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings . The series concluded its original run on Fox after 15 seasons . American Idol will return for a sixteenth season -- its first on ABC -- in 2018 . The announcement was made official on Good Morning America '' on May 9 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2bc51c6e831ab466ab487ec2d73c9290", "text": "Before Your Love `` Before Your Love '' is a song recorded by American pop singer Kelly Clarkson . It was released as her debut single alongside `` A Moment Like This '' on September 17 , 2002 , following her win as the first American Idol winner . It went on to become the best-selling single of 2002 in the United States . A new mix of song was later included on her debut album , Thankful ( 2003 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c61f70e77e92437194d74bc8ecb3402e", "text": "Past the Mission `` Past the Mission '' is a song by American singer-songwriter and musician Tori Amos . It was released as the third single from her second studio album Under the Pink in Europe , Australasia and North America ; but was the fourth release worldwide , due to a varied released schedule in different countries . `` Past the Mission '' was released in May 1994 by EastWest Records in the UK , in July 1994 in Australasia , and in September 1994 by Atlantic Records in North America . Two different CD singles containing live B-sides were released in the UK , and the second of these was released in continental Europe and Australia . In the US , the single was only released commercially on cassette , although a promotional CD single was produced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce10bfe8c9067bfac23f08437478cf0b", "text": "Ryan Kelly (singer) Ryan John Kelly is an Irish singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "457da21f584d2058eca616d24ac7ca54", "text": "Tri-Pride tri-Pride is an annual non-profit lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer Pride festival in the Waterloo Region of Ontario , encompassing the cities of Cambridge , Kitchener and Waterloo . Prior to the launch of Guelph Pride in 2003 , the event also included the city of Guelph . The official name of the organization is tri-Pride Community Association Inc. . A diverse range of events are held in all three cities . tri-Pride is considered Canada 's largest regional pride festival . This event was formed in 1995 and grew ever since inception . Unlike some larger pride events , tri-Pride does not currently stage a parade , with its two week-long program of events instead culminating in a weekend concert in Kitchener 's Civic Centre Park . Performers at the 2013 festival included Gabe Lopez , God Made Me Funky , Drake Jensen , Sarah Smith and The Ecstatic . The tri-Pride Live Music Festival headliners for 2014 were Pop/Disco/Motown / R&B and Grammy Winning Legend Ms. Thelma Houston and Canadian Idol Winner Theo Tams . The event was extended to a week in 2003 , and its 3,000 visitors made it the one of the largest pride events in southern Ontario after Toronto Pride . The Waterloo Region Record , Labatt Brewing Company , and CKCO-DT have been sponsors of the event . The 2011 edition included a horse race at Grand River Raceway in Elora , Ontario which was claimed to be `` harness racing 's first-ever Drag ( Queen ) Race '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "728ce7c731185cc5c3bf568619e73491", "text": "Satisfy You (Puff Daddy song) `` Satisfy You '' , released on October 13 , 1999 , is a number-one R&B single by American hip-hop artist and producer Puff Daddy and features vocals by American R&B singer-songwriter R. Kelly on the hook The song spent six weeks at number one on the U.S. R&B chart and peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for three weeks behind `` Smooth '' by Santana featuring Rob Thomas . The song was co-written by both Combs and R. Kelly , with additional writing by R&B singer Kelly Price , who performs backing vocals . The song 's beat and bassline is taken from `` I Got 5 on It '' by Luniz , which itself interpolates Club Nouveau 's `` Why You Treat Me So Bad '' among others . The song garnered a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 42nd Grammy Awards in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b57de5f2674dea70c1cb6e0a25e44357", "text": "Because of You (Kelly Clarkson song) `` Because of You '' is a song recorded by American pop singer Kelly Clarkson for her second studio album , Breakaway ( 2004 ) . It was written by Clarkson along with its producers David Hodges and Ben Moody . It was released on August 16 , 2005 by RCA Records , as the third single from Breakaway . Clarkson originally wrote `` Because of You '' when she was 16 years old to cope with the emotional distress caused by her parents ' divorce . She wanted the song to be included on her debut studio album , Thankful ( 2003 ) , but her record label rejected the song . She then polished the song with Hodges and Moody before successfully convincing her label to include it on Breakaway . Lyrically , `` Because of You '' explores the pain of a deteriorating relationship with her father . Critics noted that the lyrics are Clarkson 's ode to her father . The song begins with a piano-led melody and as it launches into the chorus , the sound of a roaring guitar becomes apparent . `` Because of You '' received acclaim from music critics , who complimented its expressive lyrics , creative arrangement and Clarkson 's vocal prowess . It peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 and sold over 1.5 million digital downloads in the United States . It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . `` Because of You '' became Clarkson 's biggest success in Europe , topping the European Hot 100 Singles chart . It also reached number one in the Netherlands , Denmark and Switzerland , as well as the top ten in Australia , Austria , Canada , Germany , Belgium , Hungary , Ireland , and the United Kingdom . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by Vadim Perelman . Clarkson wrote the treatment for the video herself in order to reflect the pain that she felt due to her parents ' divorce . The video 's plot centers on Clarkson engaging in a heated argument with her husband in front of her child before realizing that she was repeating her parents ' mistake . It won in the category for Best Female Video at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards . `` Because of You '' was performed live at numerous venues , including the My December Tour ( 2007 ) as well as the All I Ever Wanted Tour ( 2009 ) . It was covered by several artists including Ronan Parke , who was a runner-up in the fifth series of Britain 's Got Talent , and added to the international soundtrack of Brazilian soap opera Belíssima . In 2007 , the song was recorded by Reba McEntire as a duet with Clarkson , which was released as a lead single for McEntire 's twenty-fourth studio album Reba : Duets . `` Piece by Piece '' , the title track from Clarkson 's seventh studio album , serves as the canonical sequel to `` Because of You '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e148c09c20e1a13cc86cfcb3b5a85cfe", "text": "Lullaby (Professor Green song) `` Lullaby '' is a song by British rapper Professor Green . It features the vocals from American singer Tori Kelly . It was released on 14 September 2014 as the lead single from Green 's third studio album , Growing Up in Public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab67c0a9ab4557eb48cb76b4f31ecb2", "text": "American Idol (season 9) The ninth season of American Idol premiered on January 12 , 2010 and concluded on May 26 , 2010 on Fox . Simon Cowell , Randy Jackson and Kara DioGuardi returned to the judging panel . Ellen DeGeneres joined the panel as a replacement for Paula Abdul after guest judges filled in during the auditions . Idol Gives Back also returned for the season and was held on April 21 , 2010 , during the top seven results show . The top 24 semi-finals format used in the fourth through seventh seasons also returned this season . Cowell , DioGuardi and DeGeneres all left the show after this season ended , although only Cowell 's departure was announced in advance . This was the second season where neither of the final 2 contestants had been in the bottom 2 or 3 prior to the finale , with the first being the seventh season . This was also the third consecutive season a male contestant had won , the longest streak for either gender . It was the first season since sixth season where a female made it to the finale and was also the first time since seventh season seven that both the finalists released a different song as a debut single . Lee DeWyze , a folk rocker from Mount Prospect , Illinois won the competition , beating the runner-up Crystal Bowersox . Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels . The signed artists are Lee DeWyze , Crystal Bowersox , Casey James , Michael Lynche , Siobhan Magnus , Tim Urban , Didi Benami , and Lacey Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d5c1b8722a02253bdc8bbf542c4bbf0", "text": "List of songs recorded by Tori Kelly Tori Kelly is an American singer , songwriter , record producer and actress who slowly gained recognition after starting to post videos on YouTube at the age of 14 . When she was 16 , Kelly auditioned for the singing competition television series American Idol . After being eliminated from the show , Kelly began to work on her own music . In 2012 , she independently released her first EP that she produced , wrote , and mixed herself , titled Handmade Songs By Tori Kelly . The following year , Scooter Braun became her manager after seeing her videos on YouTube and introduced her to Capitol Records , with whom she signed in September . Kelly 's second EP Foreword came out in October 2013 as her first major label release . On June 23 , 2015 , Kelly 's debut album , Unbreakable Smile , was released . The lead single , `` Nobody Love '' , was released in the spring and became her first US Billboard Hot 100 appearance . Kelly was nominated for Best New Artist at the 58th Grammy Awards . She will star as a shy teenage elephant named Meena in the 2016 movie , Sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5128a879334c420e4972ef8b4862b7", "text": "MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message The MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message is an award handed out at the yearly MTV Video Music Awards , first introduced at the 2011 ceremony . The first winner of the category was Lady Gaga . As of 2015 , Kelly Clarkson , Rise Against , and Beyoncé have received the most nominations in this category , being nominated twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "801e749256f47fb490510b39a05abacc", "text": "America's Got Talent (season 4) The fourth season of America 's Got Talent , an American television reality show talent competition , premiered on the NBC network on June 23 , 2009 . Country singer Kevin Skinner was named the winner on September 16 , 2009 . This season is the first season to be broadcast in high definition . This season 's host is Nick Cannon , who replaced Jerry Springer . Springer had said that he could not host due to other commitments . David Hasselhoff , Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned judges , despite rumors that Osbourne would be leaving the show . Season four was Hasselhoff 's final season as a judge . This season started broadcasting live on August 4 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da840d95d86bd6971d04ba89f158abd2", "text": "A Moment Like This `` A Moment Like This '' is the debut single by American singer Kelly Clarkson , the winner of the first season of American Idol . It was released as a double-A side with `` Before Your Love '' and topped the Billboard Hot 100 . The song was later included on her debut album , Thankful ( 2003 ) . It is her coronation song from American Idol . In 2006 , the song was recorded and released by British singer Leona Lewis , the winner of the third series of The X Factor . Her version gained the Christmas number one , outselling the rest of the top 40 combined . Lewis ' version has sold 914,000 copies as of 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0d8aa1cb965fcb6cdd3d8070f429dd0", "text": "Abnormally Attracted to Sin Abnormally Attracted to Sin is the tenth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Tori Amos , released 19 May 2009 , in standard and limited CD/DVD edition . The album debuted on Billboard 200 at no. 9 , giving Amos her seventh Top 10 album in the US . Unlike Amos ' previous releases since 2000 , which drew upon various external sources such as feminism , religion and politics , the album is considered a mainly personal album . The album 's lead single is `` Welcome to England '' . The song was a moderate hit on Triple A radio in the US . The release was supported by the Sinful Attraction Tour in the US , Europe , and Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257f3b722a90544e1bf9d2b665d93890", "text": "2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards The 2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards , was the inaugural music award show presented by iHeartMedia 's platform iHeartRadio and NBC . The awards were held on May 1 , 2014 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The awards show was announced on February 26 , 2014 . The nominations were compiled by the results of Mediabase charts , listener feedback and digital straming data from the iHeartRadio platform and announced on March 26 , 2014 . The awards recognized the biggest artists and songs of the year . The show was directed by Hamish Hamilton . The voting took place on iHeartRadio 's official webpage except for the `` Instagram Award '' , where voting took place on social network Instagram . Rihanna led the nominations with eight and also became the biggest winner of the night with four wins including Artist of the Year and Song of the Year . NBC 's telecast of the iHeartRadio Music Awards drew 5.4 million viewers overall and a rating of 1.7 in the key 18-to-49-year-old demographic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cd97e0ab78f62d86c2603b8a617f62d", "text": "Young Divas Young Divas was an Australian pop girl group , which formed in 2006 by Sony BMG Australia initially for a one-off single and national tour to promote all members as solo artists . The original line up consisted of former Australian Idol contestants , including season one finalist Paulini , season two contestant Ricki-Lee Coulter , season three winner Kate DeAraugo and runner-up Emily Williams . Young Divas released a cover of `` This Time I Know It 's for Real '' to attract attention for the tour . The song peaked at number two on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) . A cover of `` Happenin ' All Over Again '' was later released as their second single , which peaked at number nine and was certified gold . Due to their commercial success , Sony BMG decided that the Young Divas would record a full-length album of classic disco and pop covers titled , Young Divas , in November 2006 . The album debuted at number four on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified double platinum . In June 2007 , Coulter parted ways with the group to resume her solo music career and was replaced by season four runner-up Jessica Mauboy . Young Divas released their second album New Attitude in November 2007 , which debuted at number 10 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold . The album 's lead single `` Turn Me Loose '' ( featuring rapper Savage ) reached number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart . In 2008 , Young Divas officially disbanded with all members resuming their solo music careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2744bb60a30a000dfb09eb96df9cde4b", "text": "Rock 'n' Roll Kids `` Rock 'n' Roll Kids '' was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 , composed by Brendan Graham and performed for Ireland by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan . The song was Ireland 's sixth overall victory , and represented an unprecedented third consecutive time that the same country had won the Contest . There is a belief among many Eurovision fans that the song was deliberately chosen not to win , as it was performed by a male duo ( no male duos had ever won before ) and in a very static manner . The pair were also much older than any other winners had been . As the Contest rules require the previous year 's winner to host the next edition of the Contest , the argument runs that the Irish broadcaster was not prepared to do this , hence the selection . The song , however , won the contest and is generally considered one of the Contest 's better entries - being performed in part by McGettigan and Jakob Sveistrup at the Congratulations special in late 2005 . It was the first winning song ever to be performed without orchestral accompaniment , as McGettigan 's guitar and Harrington 's piano were the only instruments needed . It was also the first time in the contest when a song scored over 200 points . Lyrically , the song is a lament for the singers ' lost youths and the life of Kevin Linehan . They remember growing up and listening to the popular music of the time ( Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley ) and generally being trendy . The song then moves forwards to the present , where both men are `` too busy running to a different beat '' to even stay in close contact with each other - while their children `` do n't wan na be around us no more '' . The song was performed third on the night , following Finland 's CatCat with `` Bye Bye Baby '' and preceding Cyprus ' Evridiki with `` Ime Anthropos Ki Ego '' . At the close of voting , it had received 226 points , placing 1st in a field of 25 . The song was succeeded as winner in 1995 by Secret Garden representing Norway with `` Nocturne '' . It was succeeded as Irish representative at the 1995 Contest by Eddie Friel with `` Dreamin ' '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aec8b5ed8f6a04b0faec61e1c322caa", "text": "Rising Star (U.S. TV series) Rising Star was a short-lived American reality television singing competition which began airing on ABC on June 22 , 2014 . It was based on the international franchise series Rising Star itself based on the Israeli singing competition HaKokhav HaBa ( meaning `` The Next Star '' ) made by Keshet Broadcasting Ltd. . The program format lets viewers vote for contestants via mobile apps . It was filmed live in Los Angeles . The show is also carried in Canada , with advertising simultaneous substitution and voting access on CTV . Jesse Kinch was the winner of Rising Stars first and only season with a vote of 76 % . Macy Kate holds the record of highest vote with 93 % and she came in 9th place . Daniel & Olivia hold the record of lowest vote with 6 % and they came in last place . Rising Star was cancelled after the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "995543e3236de0159330bfc937b3a968", "text": "Popularity contest A popularity contest is a real or hypothetical contest in which the sole criterion for winning is how many votes one gets , such that the winner is the most liked contestant . Although the phrase is often used disparagingly to suggest that other contests are excessively superficial , the term historically referred to real contests sponsored by newspapers in late 19th century and early 20th century America . In 1914 , the legality of these contests was challenged . A Kentucky appeals court ruled that popularity contests did not violate the state 's lottery law .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf459c30dd2a06412b49ee78b96d4c16", "text": "Papa Don't Preach `` Papa Do n't Preach '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her third studio album True Blue ( 1986 ) . The song was written by Brian Elliot with additional lyrics by Madonna , and produced by Stephen Bray and Madonna . The song also appears remixed on the 1990 compilation album The Immaculate Collection and in its original form on the 2009 compilation album Celebration . The song 's musical style combines pop and classical styling , and its lyrics deal with teenage pregnancy and abortion . It was based on teen gossip Elliot heard outside his studio , which has a large front window that doubles as a mirror where schoolgirls from the North Hollywood High School in Los Angeles regularly stopped to fix their hair and chat . Released as the album 's second single in mid-1986 , the song was a commercial success . It became Madonna 's fourth number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 , and performed well internationally , reaching the top position in the United Kingdom and Australia . It was well received by music critics and was frequently cited as a highlight in the album . The music video , directed by James Foley , shows Madonna 's second image makeover , featuring her with a more toned and muscular body , and cropped platinum blonde hair . It portrayed a storyline where Madonna is trying to tell her father about her pregnancy . The images are juxtaposed with shots of Madonna dancing and singing in a small , darkened studio , and spending a romantic evening with her boyfriend . Shortly after its release , the song caused heated discussions about its lyrical content . Women 's organizations and others in the family planning field criticized Madonna for encouraging teenage pregnancy , while groups opposed to abortion saw the song as having a positive pro-life message . Madonna has performed `` Papa Do n't Preach '' in four of her world tours , most recently The MDNA Tour in 2012 . The song also caused her first conflict with the Vatican , as she dedicated it to Pope John Paul II , who urged Italian fans to boycott her concerts during the Who 's That Girl World Tour in 1987 . In 2002 , British singer Kelly Osbourne recorded a hard rock cover of the song which was included as a bonus track on her debut album Shut Up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d12c235db65875ee30d06d4d06960771	Tale of Tales is directed by James Cameron.	[ { "docid": "48d44a947b6c72ddc4541d88756e832e", "text": "Tale of Tales (2015 film) Tale of Tales is a 2015 European dark fantasy film , directed by Matteo Garrone , starring Salma Hayek , Vincent Cassel , Toby Jones , and John C. Reilly . An Italian-led production with co-producers in France and the United Kingdom , the film is Garrone 's first English-language film . It competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival . It is a screen adaptation based on collections of tales by Neapolitan poet and courtier Giambattista Basile : Pentamerone or Lo cunto de li cunti ( Tale of Tales , or Entertainment for Little Ones ) , which contains the earliest versions of famous fables like Rapunzel , Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b63f6ea540c5b70e2abbc359f88e79d5", "text": "TaleWorlds Entertainment TaleWorlds Entertainment is an independent Turkish game development company located in Ankara , Turkey , founded in 2005 . TaleWorlds is an official brand of İkisoft Software Company and have been developing PC games under the brand `` TaleWorlds Entertainment '' since 2005 . The company 's first game , Mount & Blade , was completed in September 2008 , its second game Mount & Blade : Warband was released on March 29 , 2010 , and its third game was Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword was released on May 3 , 2011 . Their studio is located in Middle East Technical University ( METU ) - Technopolis . The studio is currently working on Mount and Blade II : Bannerlord as confirmed in a PC Gamer interview by Designer and Producer Mikail Yazbeck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9cd889f8e62a1e10b30e7415019f4c3", "text": "Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese film director , producer , screenwriter , animator , author , and manga artist . Through a career that has spanned over five decades , Miyazaki has attained international acclaim as a masterful storyteller and as a maker of anime feature films and , along with Isao Takahata , co-founded Studio Ghibli , a film and animation studio . Born in Bunkyō , Tokyo , Miyazaki began his animation career in 1963 when he joined Toei Animation . From there , Miyazaki worked as an in-between artist for Gulliver 's Travels Beyond the Moon , where he pitched ideas that eventually became the film 's ending . Hayao Miyazaki was also associated with Tokyo Movie Shinsha . He co-directed Lupin III with Isao Takahata , provided the screenplay and key animation for Panda ! Go Panda ! , provided key animation for the first episode of Tokyo Giants , provided the original concept for Jungle Kurobe , provided the director role for Lupin III : Tales of the Wolf , provided key animation for the Ulysses 31 pilot in conjunction with Diffusion Information Communication , provided the director role for The New Adventures of Zorro , provided key animation for the Inspector Gadget pilot , and provided the chief director role for season 1 of Sherlock Hound . He continued to work in various roles in the animation industry with various studios until he directed his first feature film , The Castle of Cagliostro , a Lupin the Third story , released in 1979 . After the success of his next film , Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind ( 1984 ) , he co-founded Studio Ghibli , where he continued to produce many feature films . While Miyazaki 's films have long enjoyed both commercial and critical success in Japan , he remained largely unknown to the West until Miramax Films released Princess Mononoke in 1997 . Princess Mononoke was briefly the highest-grossing film in Japan until it was eclipsed by another 1997 film , Titanic , and it became the first animated film to win Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards . Miyazaki 's next film , Spirited Away ( 2001 ) , won Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards , and was the first anime film to win an American Academy Award . Miyazaki 's films often contain recurrent themes , like humanity 's relationship with nature and technology , and the difficulty of maintaining a pacifist ethic . His films ' protagonists are often strong girls or young women . While two of his films , The Castle of Cagliostro and Castle in the Sky , involve traditional villains , his other films like Nausicaä and Princess Mononoke present morally ambiguous antagonists with redeeming qualities . He co-wrote films The Secret World of Arrietty , released in July 2010 in Japan and February 2012 in the United States ; and From Up on Poppy Hill released in July 2011 in Japan and March 2013 in the United States . Miyazaki 's newest film The Wind Rises was released on July 20 , 2013 and screened internationally in February 2014 . The film would go on to earn him his third American Academy Award nomination and first Golden Globe Award nomination . Miyazaki announced on September 1 , 2013 that The Wind Rises would be his final feature-length movie . In November 2014 , Miyazaki was awarded an Honorary Academy Award for his impact on animation and cinema . He is the second Japanese filmmaker to win this award , after Akira Kurosawa in 1990 . In 2002 , American film critic Roger Ebert suggested that Miyazaki may be the best animation filmmaker in history , praising the depth and artistry of his films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09b07b45caae35d333c59a7c7ee37659", "text": "Tales of the Vampires Tales of the Vampires is a five issue American comic book limited series ( later collected in a single trade paperback ) , published by Dark Horse Comics and set in the Buffyverse . It comprises an anthology of short stories written by Joss Whedon , Jane Espenson , Ben Edlund , and Drew Goddard . Each story tells the tale of one or more Buffyverse vampires , and the otherwise unrelated collection is strung together by a bridging story written by Whedon . The anthology is presented as a series of stories told by an ancient vampire to a group of young Watchers . Tales of the Vampires is the tale of that storytelling session and functions as a bridge among the other items in the anthology . The stories in this series are generally considered to be an official part of the Buffyverse canon . Dark Horse published a new one-shot special based on the Tales of the Vampires concept by Becky Cloonan , Vasilis Lolos , Gabriel Bá and Fabio Moon in June 2009 . Specifically , this one-shot is a tie-in with the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight storyline following `` Harmonic Divergence '' in which vampires become very popular with the public at large .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8723d8809fe7ca5b3197947e8b8cc5b1", "text": "Web of Stories Web of Stories is an online collection of thousands of autobiographical video-stories . Web of Stories , originally known as Science Archive , was set up to record the life stories of scientists . When it expanded to include the lives of authors , movie makers , artists and others , it was renamed Peoples Archive , finally evolving to become Web of Stories in 2008 . The website has the following features : Video recordings of the life stories of a broad range of the acknowledged leaders of our time , including : scientists Francis Crick and James Watson , neurologist Oliver Sacks , writer Stan Lee , and authors Doris Lessing and Philip Roth , as well as 16 Nobel Prize winners , 19 Fellows of the Royal Society , 4 Pulitzer Prize winners , and 3 Academy Award winners . All stories are organised into themes ( for example , ` Love ' , ` War ' and ` Health ' ) . A growing selection of videos are also available on the dedicated YouTube - Web of Stories Channel . Web of Stories is based in London , and is part of the Science Navigation Group , a group of scientific publishing companies which also publishes Faculty of 1000 , and formerly published Global DataPoint , Postcode Gazette , Current BioData .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce3572870aa430faef640cb2c1320c6", "text": "A Story of Children and Film A Story of Children and Film is a 2013 documentary film directed by Mark Cousins . It features clips from movies from around the world that feature children , and scenes featuring the director 's niece and nephew .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c42844a1a1fc778ea322ede39a2664fc", "text": "Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war . Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d21b9e79bc8b8e850e76dd15523527c0", "text": "Snake Tales (TV series) Snake Tales is an 2009 Australian children 's television series produced by Westside Film & Television and distributed by Southern Star . The first series , filmed in Victoria , consisted of thirteen episodes and premiered on the Nine Network on 5 September 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7056a75f1f12da89d4b78dcb88ea6202", "text": "Social Capital Entertainment Social Capital Entertainment is an American film production company involved in film , music and interactive entertainment . The company was founded in 2004 by producer and real estate investor Martin Shore together with Jonathan Platt and Jonathan Miller . Social Capital produced and financed the psychological thriller , Tell Tale , together with Ridley and Tony Scott . Tell Tale starred Josh Lucas , Lena Heady and Brian Cox , and was directed by Michael Cuesta ( L.I.E. , Dexter ) . They are soon to release 2001 Maniacs : Field of Screams , the sequel to 2001 Maniacs , the 2005 Social Capital horror film . Other previous films include the period drama The Countess ( Julie Delpy 's follow-up to 2 Days in Paris ) and Snoop Dogg 's Hood of Horror ( Lionsgate ) . The company has also produced soundtracks for such films as Saw ( Lionsgate ) , Saw II ( Lionsgate ) , Rize ( Lionsgate ) and Rock School ( Newmarket ) , as well as for television series including Summerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13a994e6f9a5d5163460e07d1d0f854b", "text": "007 Legends 007 Legends is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of British secret agent James Bond . It was developed by Eurocom and released by Activision in October 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , November 2012 for Microsoft Windows and December 2012 for Wii U . The game is available as physical optical disc media , as well as a digital release download via PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Marketplace on date of release . It was removed off all other digital stores without warning . The PAL Wii U version of the game was released in some parts of Europe on 6 December 2012 , and in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2012 . The release was cancelled in Australia . The game was released to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the James Bond film series . To achieve this the single player campaign includes one mission from each of the six actors ' eras , being Goldfinger ( Sean Connery ) , On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( George Lazenby ) , Moonraker ( Roger Moore ) , Licence to Kill ( Timothy Dalton ) and Die Another Day ( Pierce Brosnan ) , with Skyfall ( Daniel Craig ) released as downloadable content for the Xbox 360 , PS3 and PC and included on disc for the Wii U version . Additionally , some of the original talent from the films add their likenesses and voices to their associated characters . 007 Legends is the fourth James Bond game title to be released by Activision , as well as the last game Eurocom developed before the company ceased operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef86ff735c39396452074b5ac4c1d313", "text": "Tale of Cinema Tale of Cinema is the sixth film by critically acclaimed South Korean director Hong Sang-soo . It was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a93a74a1165afff17b1a50fca4362c12", "text": "Jackrabbit (film) Jack Rabbit is a 2015 American cyberpunk film directed by Carleton Ranney , who co-wrote it with Destin Douglas . Josh Caras and Ian Christopher Noel star as residents of a dystopian city who attempt to find details about the death of their mutual friend , a computer hacker . It premiered at the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8448e3b5c0dd607ef1d45dcc44714d78", "text": "Tales of an Ancient Empire Tales of an Ancient Empire is a 2010 American fantasy-sword and sorcery film directed by Albert Pyun and starring Kevin Sorbo , Michael Paré , Whitney Able , Melissa Ordway , Ralf Moeller , Lee Horsley and Victoria Maurette . It is a sequel to Pyun 's directorial debut , The Sword and the Sorcerer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53b4cc5deca0f47680ea33969b783dc2", "text": "127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British-American biographical survival drama film directed , co-written , and produced by Danny Boyle . The film stars James Franco as Aron Ralston . In 127 Hours , canyoneer Aron Ralston becomes trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Blue John Canyon , southeastern Utah , in April 2003 . It is a British and American venture produced by Everest Entertainment , Film4 Productions , HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films . The film , based on Ralston 's memoir Between a Rock and a Hard Place ( 2004 ) , was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy , produced by Christian Colson and John Smithson , and scored by A. R. Rahman . Beaufoy , Colson , and Rahman had all previously worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) . 127 Hours was well received by critics and audiences , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Actor for Franco and Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c8ff3fca8b576d8e95c5c32fab81b31", "text": "Tales of Paris Tales of Paris is a 1962 French anthology film starring Catherine Deneuve . It is also known as Le Parigine , Les Parisiennes and Of Beds and Broads .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89317c9d5710d071e5852213cc0ade34", "text": "Oculus Story Studio Oculus Story Studio is an original animated virtual-reality film studio . It is a division of Oculus VR The studio was started by Oculus VR to pioneer animated virtual reality filmmaking and educate , inspire , and foster community for filmmakers interested in VR . Story Studio was founded in 2014 by Pixar veterans Saschka Unseld and Max Planck , as well as producer Edward Saatchi . The studio was publicly announced and premiered its first film , Lost , at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival . In 2016 the studio 's second film , Henry , won the Emmy for Outstanding Original Interactive Program . Oculus announced in May 2017 that the studio had been closed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e905baeaab5c08754ac6733e753bdbda", "text": "Lean Tales Lean Tales is an anthology of short stories written by Scottish authors Alasdair Gray , Agnes Owens and James Kelman , with author illustrations by Alasdair Gray . Contractually obligated to Jonathan Cape to provide a new book , Gray claimed to find himself without new material or ideas , and so approached Kelman and Owens to bulk out a collection of stories with some of their own . As is often the case with Gray 's later stories , some of his own contributions are recycled from his previous writing , including The Story of a Recluse ( based on his television play ) and A Report to the Trustees of the Bellahouston Travelling Scholarship ( based on report written after Gray received a grant to travel abroad as an art student ) . Lean Tales was first published by Jonathan Cape Ltd. , London , 1985 . Category :1985 short story collections Category : Scottish short story collections Category : Jonathan Cape books", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c7853bff08cc75df8a081051455564a", "text": "List of Tales media The Tales series , known in Japan as the , is a franchise of fantasy Japanese role-playing video games published by Bandai Namco Games ( formerly Namco ) , and developed by its subsidiary , Namco Tales Studio ( formerly Wolf Team ) until 2011 and presently by Bandai Namco . First begun in 1995 with the development and release of Tales of Phantasia for the Super Famicom , the series currently spans fifteen main titles , multiple spin-off games and supplementary media in the form of manga series , anime series , and audio dramas . While entries in the series generally stand independent of each other with different characters and stories , they are commonly linked by their gameplay , themes and high fantasy settings . Most of the main Tales games have been localized for North America and Europe , although almost all of the spinoff titles have not been released abroad . While generally seen as a niche series in English speaking regions , Tales is considered a high-profile property in Japan , just behind other series such as Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest . As of December 2013 , the series has sold 16 million units worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fa0a857db841f57962871e09fe626c", "text": "Tales of Nevèrÿon Tales of Nevèrÿon collects a preface ( to the entire series ) and five sword and sorcery stories by Samuel R. Delany ; and finally an appendix . The stories are `` The Tale of Gorgik , '' `` The Tale of Old Venn , '' `` The Tale of Small Sarg , '' `` The Tale of Potters and Dragons , '' and `` The Tale of Dragons and Dreamers . '' It is the first of the four-volume Return to Nevèrÿon series . This article discusses the five stories collected in the book . Discussions of overall plot , setting , characters , themes , structure , and style of the series are found in the main series article .", "title": "" } ]	fever
30ab4936ba77742406c37b97487d6e92	In basketball, the ball can be advanced by dribbling it.	[ { "docid": "2c357bf25d71ab2c78237e059d638568", "text": "Basketball Basketball is a non-contact sport played on a rectangular court . While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side , three-on-three , two-on-two , and one-on-one competitions are also common . The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 in in diameter and 10 ft high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court . The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith , who would be the first basketball coach of the Kansas Jayhawks , one of the most successful programs in the game 's history . A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play . A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line , and two points if shot from in front of the line . A team can also score via free throws , which are worth one point , after the other team is assessed with certain fouls . The team with the most points at the end of the game wins , but additional time ( overtime ) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation . The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate , or by bouncing it while walking or running ( dribbling ) . It is a violation to lift , or drag , one 's pivot foot without dribbling the ball , to carry it , or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling . The game has many individual techniques for displaying skill -- ball-handling , shooting , passing , dribbling , dunking , shot-blocking , and rebounding . Basketball teams generally have player positions , the tallest and strongest members of a team are called a center or power forward , while slightly shorter and more agile players are called small forward , and the shortest players or those who possess the best ball handling skills are called a point guard or shooting guard . The point guard directs the on court action of the team , implementing the coach 's game plan , and managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays ( player positioning ) . Basketball is one of the world 's most popular and widely viewed sports . The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the most popular and widely considered to be the highest level of professional basketball in the world and NBA players are the world 's best paid athletes by average annual salary per player . Outside North America , the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague and FIBA Americas League . The FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world . Each continent hosts regional competitions for national teams , like EuroBasket and FIBA Americas Championship . The FIBA Women 's Basketball World Cup features the top national women 's basketball teams from continental championships . The main North American league is the WNBA , whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Women 's Basketball Premier League .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "186b626c9882066255b526958fc3f7fc", "text": "Power forward Power forward is a position or role in some team sports : Power forward ( Australian rules football ) Power forward ( basketball ) Power forward ( ice hockey )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb9691006d07327987c4074bd92a86a9", "text": "Spud (game) Spud is a game for children and adults , where players try to eliminate each other by catching and throwing an inflated and generally soft ball . It is related to `` call ball '' and `` ball tag '' . As few as three may play , with no upper limit . A large , open area is required . The game begins with each player being assigned a number , in secret , with the highest number corresponding to the number of players . For example , if 5 people are playing , each player will be assigned one of the numbers 1 through 5 . A player is chosen as ` It . ' The person who is It stands in the approximate center of the playing area , with one foot in front of the other . All of the other players must then touch one of their feet to its inward foot , and then step backwards 3 paces . This 3-step-backward set-up is required . When all of the players have stepped backward 3 paces , the person who is It throws the ball straight into the air and calls the number of another player . The ball must be thrown straight up . When the ball is thrown skyward , all of the players then dash away until the player whose number is called both ( 1 ) gains possession of the ball ; and ( 2 ) calls out ` Spud ! ' At that point , all of the players must freeze . If , while they were running , they were unable to stop immediately , those players must retrace their steps and return to the point that they were in contact with when Spud ! was called . In no event may any of the players run around corners or hide behind trees . In all instances , they must be in sight of the player who has gained possession of the ball . At this point , the player who has the ball is allowed to take an identified number of giant steps toward one or more of the other players . Smaller , younger , or older players may be given the option of taking more steps . After the steps are taken , the person with the ball will try to hit one of the other players with the ball . The target player may not move his or her feet or duck , but may sway , bend , shimmy , and shift . If the target player comes into contact with the thrown ball in any way ( unless he or she catches the ball ) , he or she is penalized with one letter ( i.e. , S P U or D ) , and then is charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round . If the target player does not come into contact with the thrown ball or the target player catches the ball , the player who threw the ball is penalized with one letter , and then is charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round . When a player receives four penalty letters ( S P U D ) , that person is required to go through a spanking machine , and a new game is begun . For another variation , a player who receives four Penalty letters is simply removed from the game , and the other players continue playing with their original penalty letters in place . When there are only 2 players left playing under this variation , there are two ways for the game to end . First , both players can be declared victors . Second , one of the removed players throws the ball into the air for the final round . In another variation , the highest of the secretly-assigned numbers is 2 greater than the number of players . In this version , the 2 secretly unassigned numbers are referred to as ` ghost numbers . ' If the player throwing the ball into the air calls a ghost number , all players will then chase after the ball and try to touch it . The last player to touch the ball is penalized with one letter and is then charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round . While kicking the ball is permitted , players may not kick the ball if it is within 3 feet of another player ( for purposes of safety ) . In this instance , the player may simply touch or punch the ball with another part of the body besides his or her feet . In this version , when a player is removed , his or her number also becomes a ghost number . In all instances , a player who wants to call a ghost number must throw the ball sufficiently high and in the air to remove any advantage that he or she would otherwise have .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9663c460dbef962873261eb73fe58541", "text": "Groundstroke A groundstroke or ground stroke in tennis is a forehand or backhand shot that is executed after the ball bounces once on the court . It is usually hit from the back of the tennis court , around the baseline . A tennis player whose strategy is to trade groundstrokes with the opponent is termed a baseliner , as opposed to volleyers who prefers to hit volleys near the net . There are many factors that may define a good groundstroke . For example , one groundstroke may use topspin and another backspin . Both can be effective for different reasons having to do with depth , opponent 's strength or weaknesses , etc. . Some characteristics of groundstrokes are : depth ( how close the ball lands to the opponent 's baseline ) , speed ( how fast it travels in the air ) , pace ( the ball 's behavior after it bounces on the opponent 's side ) , trajectory , and placement . If a `` good groundstroke '' is to be played , it would generally have a combination of the above characteristics to produce a shot that is difficult for the opponent to return . Generally , a groundstroke that lands deep and in the corner of the opponent 's court will make it more difficult for the opponent to return the ball . However , this is somewhat arbitrary and depends on the opponent and stage of the point being played . For example , a short angled shot , a moon ball ( very high trajectory ) , an off pace shot , etc. , may prove effective against opponent A but not opponent B.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8556322c795599e904b3e9faa704ec6", "text": "NBA high school draftees The NBA high school draftees are players who have been drafted to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) straight out of high school without playing basketball at the collegiate level . The process of jumping directly from high school to the professional level is also known as going prep-to-pro . Since 2006 , the practice of drafting high school players has been prohibited by the new collective bargaining agreement , which requires that players who entered the draft be 19 years of age and at least one year removed from high school . Contrary to popular belief , the player does not have to play at least a year in college basketball , as the player can choose to instead play in another professional league ( especially overseas ) like Brandon Jennings or Emmanuel Mudiay in Italy and China respectively , simply take the year off , such as the case with Satnam Singh Bhamara , or even hold themselves back a year in high school before declaring for the draft , such as the case with Thon Maker . The NBA has long had a preference for players who played basketball at the collegiate level ; the vast majority of players to play in the NBA have had college experience . However , there have been numerous notable players who attended high school in the United States and then jumped directly to the NBA without playing college basketball .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b94ffeffa6ed341764eb72a3277797", "text": "List of National Basketball Association annual three-point field goals leaders In basketball , a three-point field goal ( also known as a `` three-pointer '' or `` 3-pointer '' ) is a field goal made from beyond the three-point line , a designated arc radiating from the basket . A successful attempt is worth three points , in contrast to the two points awarded for shots made inside the three-point line . The National Basketball Association 's ( NBA ) three-point shooting leader is the player who recorded the highest three-point field goals in a given season . The statistic was first recognized in the 1979 -- 80 season when the three-point line was first implemented that season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "425800a2fe24b5c1eed3d14aeb357d75", "text": "Basket interference In basketball , basket interference is the violation of ( a ) touching the ball or any part of the basket while the ball is on the rim of the basket , ( b ) touching the ball when it is within the cylinder extending upwards from the rim , ( c ) reaching up through the basket from below and touching the ball , whether it is inside or outside the cylinder , or ( d ) pulling down on the rim of the basket so that it contacts the ball before returning to its original position . How the ball gets into the cylinder or onto the basket is irrelevant under high school and NCAA rules ; e.g. , a throw-in touched within the cylinder is basket interference , even though such a play could not score a goal . This similar play under NBA rules would not be basket interference . There is one exception to the above : if a player dunks the ball , ( s ) he may maintain contact with the ball into the cylinder or grab the rim ( momentarily ) without penalty . When a basket interference violation is called against the defending team , the shooting team is awarded the points for the field goal as if it had been made . When a basket interference violation is called against the shooting team , no points are scored and the ball is given to the defending team . Basket interference and goaltending are the only violations in basketball for which points are automatically awarded . FIBA has rules on basket interference . FIBA Art. 31.2.4 ( 2014 ) - Interference occurs under certain conditions when a player touches the ball , basket , rim , or backboard in a motion that `` the ball has been prevented from entering the basket or has been caused to enter the basket . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f2aee977d56bd3506d6c0cdbdd9adf2", "text": "Golf instruction Golf instruction is the art of equipping and training golfers to play better golf through improved awareness of swing cause and effects as a result of the actions by their body , the club , and their effect on the golf ball . Most great golfers have a few common elements that make them great including : proper intentionality , swing repeatability to produce an action that fits the golfers intentionality , and a strong level of automaticity for long lasting enjoyment of the game golf . Golf instruction is unique as golf consists of five primary skills : shots from a tee ( most notable : driving that uses a driver ) , full shots from the ground ( mostly known as `` iron shots '' , pitching ( or 3/4 shots designed for distance control , chipping ( short shots around the green the require less than a full swing ) , putting ( 1 club preferably `` the putter '' ) and course strategy or gamesmanship . Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability , but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game . Golf instruction offered on many platforms in the United States including : the PGA of America , GolfTEC , and independent golfers who `` may '' or `` may not '' have credentials that are recognized by credible teachers certified sources such as the PGA of America . Although there are many great golf instructors in the United States , who are PGA Class A Professionals , not all great instructors carry this status nor find it a major determiner of golf instruction proficiency . Golf Instruction can be wide ranging , but many great modern day instructors are able to diagnose and prescribe swing frustrations accurately and present a clear fix that encourages the golfer in the discovery of lasting repeatability from the specific ailment that `` plagued '' them from a sound repeatable swing to play a golf course successfully ( varying terms of success as a golfer ) Many modern instructors include the following in their diagnosis 1 . visual feedback through video and bio motion analysis 2 . personalized golf club fitting for individual body and swing types 3 . on-course play under real conditions 4 . mental performance development 5 . golf specific body conditioning for optimal golf bio-mechanics Beginning players can start lesson in several ways , but most do so in either a group or individual setting , covering the five primary skills of golf as noted above golf swing . Golf is an asymmetrical exercise that can break body balances , requiring also adequate exercises to keep the balance in muscles . Experienced recreational players often return for instruction , either to fix a specific problem they are encountering or to improve their game . Reconstruction of a golf swing to reach a high level of play often involves series of lessons over an extended period of time . Junior golfers often begin receiving instruction by age 10 or younger , and often retain private teachers even when coached on a high school golf team . Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right over the years , including Harvey Penick , Jack Grout , Dick Harmon , David Leadbetter , Butch Harmon , Hank Haney , Chip Thomson , Sean Foley , and Mike Bennett and Andy Plummer . Some of the teachers maintain teaching facilities or schools where they or their disciples use their methods or systems . A few instructors focus solely on a particular aspect of the sport , such as Dave Pelz with the short game . Some famous golfers have been tightly bound with their instructor , such as Jack Nicklaus with Jack Grout , while in other cases golfers have made high-profile switches from one instructor to another , such as Tiger Woods moving from Butch Harmon to various other instructors . Recreational golfers are constantly seeking tips on how to improve , and the major golf publications such as Golf Magazine and Golf Digest devote substantial portions of their pages to instructional material of various kinds , often written by top-level instructors . Even television broadcasts of professional golf tournaments often contain short instructional segments , delivered by commentators who are also instructors such as Peter Kostis . Golf instruction may be augmented by training aids such as specially weighting or jointed clubs , putting cups for practice on the den room carpet , mini practice tees with feedback for use in garages , et cetera . Some training aids are sold via television infomercials and the more peculiar varieties were satirized in the 1996 film Tin Cup . Golf instruction is no guarantee of success or improved play in the game . Bad mechanics can be deeply ingrained in a subject 's swing , and psychological factors can also hinder progress . The 2009 Golf Channel program The Haney Project : Charles Barkley showcased some of these issues , as Hank Haney attempted to fix former NBA great Charles Barkley 's infamously bad swing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e7b37b751f87f57593bacb146cd64c5", "text": "SportVU SportVU is a camera system hung from the rafters that collects data at a rate of 25 times per second and follows the ball and every player on the court . SportVU provides in-depth statistics , including real-time player and ball positioning through sophisticated software and statistical algorithms . SportVU 's speed , distance , and possession data provide key insights and analysis points . SportVU player tracking delivers statistical information via real-time X , Y positioning of players and X , Y , Z positioning of the ball . By leveraging this data , STATS is able to present performance metrics for players and teams to leverage . With a foundation in soccer , STATS expanded the core SportVU technology into basketball beginning with the 2010-2011 NBA season . Today , STATS is the Official Tracking partner of the NBA . The NBA is using these statistics captured by SportVU on NBA.com and NBATV as well as in arenas across the country to provide fans with insight . SportVU statistics are also being utilized by every team in the league to support their pro analytics and aid in player development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a099e2021aedfb00a38b6931a110a41", "text": "Draft (sports) A draft is a process used in some countries and sports to allocate certain players to teams . In a draft , teams take turns selecting from a pool of eligible players . When a team selects a player , the team receives exclusive rights to sign that player to a contract , and no other team in the league may sign the player . The best-known type of draft is the entry draft , which is used to allocate players who have recently become eligible to play in a league . Depending on the sport , the players may come from college , high school or junior teams or teams in other countries . An entry draft is intended to prevent expensive bidding wars for young talent and to ensure that no one team can sign contracts with all of the best young players and make the league uncompetitive . To encourage parity , teams that do poorly in the previous season usually get to choose first in the postseason draft , sometimes with a `` lottery '' factor to discourage teams from deliberately losing . Other types of drafts include the expansion draft , in which a new team selects players from other teams in the league ; and the dispersal draft , in which a league 's surviving teams select players from the roster of a newly defunct franchise . Drafts are usually permitted under anti-trust or restraint of trade laws because they are included in collective bargaining agreements between leagues and labor unions representing players . These agreements generally stipulate that after a certain number of seasons , a player whose contract has expired becomes a free agent and can sign with any team . They also require minimum and sometimes maximum salaries for newly drafted players . National Football League President Joseph Carr instituted a draft in 1935 as a way to restrain teams ' payrolls and reduce the dominance of the league 's perennial contenders . It was adopted by the precursor of the National Basketball Association in 1947 ; by the National Hockey League in 1963 ; and by Major League Baseball in 1965 , although draft systems had been used in baseball since the 19th century . Drafts are uncommon outside the U.S. and Canada , and most professional football clubs obtain young players through transfers from smaller clubs or by developing youth players through their own academies . The youth system is operated directly by the teams themselves , who develop their players from childhood . Parity in these leagues is instead maintained through promotion and relegation , which automatically expels the weakest teams from a league in exchange for the strongest teams in the next lower league . The result is a drastically different endgame for poor teams : a North American sports team may see the opportunity to get better through the draft after a poor season , but a European club will instead be relegated down to a league with less money and prestige , potentially exacerbating the problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f7dad81d9d441374cc4da5a2411e21d", "text": "List of National Basketball Association annual statistical leaders Every year , the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) awards titles to various leaders in the five basketball statistical categories -- points , rebounds , assists , steals , and blocked shots . Both the scoring title and the assists title were recognized in the 1946 -- 47 season , when the league played its first season . The rebounding title was recognized in the 1950 -- 51 season . Both the steals title and the blocks title were recognized in the 1973 -- 74 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b711018583afdc08017bb88a7239f4f", "text": "Notational analysis In professional sports , notational analysis is the study of movement patterns , strategy and tactics in team sports . Successful patterns of play can be identified and used in subsequent matches . Notational analysis has a history in dance and music notation . Notational analysis is a way that critical events in a performance can be quantified in a consistent and reliable manner . In notational analysis , no change in performance of any kind will take place without feedback . The role of feedback is central in the performance improvement process , and by inference , so is the need for accuracy and precision of such feedback . The provision of this accurate and precise feedback can only be facilitated if performance and practice is subjected to a vigorous process of analysis . Augmented feedback has traditionally been provided by subjective observations , made during performance by the coaches , in the belief that they can accurately report on the critical elements of performance without any observation aids . Several studies not only contradict this belief , but also suggest that the recall abilities of experienced coaches are little better than those of novices , and that even with observational training , coaches ' recall abilities improved only slightly . Furthermore , research in applied psychology has suggested that these recall abilities are also influenced by factors that include the observer 's motives and beliefs . The coach is not a passive perceiver of information , and as such his or her perception of events is selective and constructive , not simply a copying process . This importance of feedback to performance improvement , and the limitations of coaches ' recall abilities alluded to above , implies a requirement for objective data upon which to base augmented feedback , and the main methods of `` objectifying '' this data involve the use of video / notational analysis ( Hughes and Franks , 1997 p. 11 ) . Coaches have been aware , consciously or unconsciously , of these needs for accuracy of feedback and have been using simple data gathering systems for decades . More recently , sports scientists have been using notational analysis systems to answer fundamental questions about game play and performance in sport . An early work , over some decades , on analysis of soccer was picked up by the then Director of Coaching at the Football Association , and this had a profound effect on the patterns of play in British football -- the adoption of the ` long ball ' game . Generally , the first publications in Britain of the research process by notational analysis of sport were in the mid-1970s , so as a discipline it is one of the more recent to be embraced by sports science . The publication of a number of notation systems in racket sports provided a fund of ideas used by other analysts . Because of the growth and development of sports science as an academic discipline , a number of scientists began using and extending the simple hand notation techniques that had served for decades . This also coincided with the introduction of personal computers , which transformed all aspects of data gathering in sports science . Currently hand and computerised notation systems are both used to equal extents by working analysts , although the use of computer databases to collate hand notated data post-event makes the analyses much more powerful . The applications of notation have been defined as : - 1 . tactical evaluation , 2 . technical evaluation , 3 . analysis of movement , 4 . development of a database and modelling , and 5 . for educational use with both coaches and players . Most pieces of research using notation , or indeed any practical applications working directly with coaches and athletes , will span more than one of these purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "343ad260550b1811ef4c338da153215b", "text": "Drop shot A drop shot is a shot in some racquet sports in which the ball ( or birdie ) is hit relatively softly , and lands just over and close to the net .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bce1b667083d6009b553c8a254a9084d", "text": "Beach soccer Beach soccer , also known as beach football or beasal , is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand . The game emphasises skill , agility and shooting at goal . Whilst football has been played informally on beaches for many years , the introduction of beach soccer was an attempt to codify rules for the game . This was done in 1992 by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide , a company set up to develop the sport and is responsible for the majority of its tournaments to this day . This was a major foundation for what is now known as beach soccer and what has led to the sport rapidly growing in popularity . The irregularity of the soft-sand playing surface leads to a totally different style of play than is used in football , with a greater degree of improvisation . The compact field , much smaller than a normal football field , allows players to score from anywhere on the sand , leading to an average of sixty attempts at goal in a single game . With an average of scoring rate of one goal every three or four minutes , around eleven goals are scored in total during an average game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9753278a53a19024b034a2ddd2a08d60", "text": "Hooping Hooping ( also called hula hooping or hoop dance ) generally refers to manipulation of and artistic movement or dancing with a hoop ( or hoops ) . Hoops can be made of metal , wood , or plastic . Hooping combines technical moves and tricks with freestyle or technical dancing . Hooping can be practiced to or performed with music . In contrast to the classic toy hula hoop , modern hoopers use heavier and larger diameter hoops , and frequently rotate the hoop around parts of the body other than the waist , including the hips , chest , neck , shoulders , thighs , knees , arms , hands , thumbs , feet , and toes . The hoop can also be manipulated and rotated off the body as well . Modern hooping has been influenced by art forms such as rhythmic gymnastics , hip-hop , freestyle dance , fire performance , twirling , poi , and other dance and movement forms . Hooping is part of the greater spectrum of flow arts , which are playful movement arts involving skill toys that are used to evoke the exploration of dynamic , flowing , and sequential movements . This movement , and the related mind/body state , is referred to as `` flow '' . Technically , hooping is a form of object manipulation and therefore shares some lineage with juggling . In its modern incarnation as an art or dance form , and form of exercise , the practice of manipulating a hoop is referred to either as hoop dance or simply hooping . Hoop dance artists commonly refer to themselves , and the greater hoop dance community , as hoopers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b502f99f2ee6312d5aa3dd9d6cabd4d6", "text": "American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football . American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b2dfdc465c7abe9f531c504d5b0e4d5", "text": "Ball A ball is a round object ( usually spherical but sometimes ovoid ) with various uses . It is used in ball games , where the play of the game follows the state of the ball as it is hit , kicked or thrown by players . Balls can also be used for simpler activities , such as catch , marbles and juggling . Balls made from hard-wearing materials are used in engineering applications to provide very low friction bearings , known as ball bearings . Black-powder weapons use stone and metal balls as projectiles . Although many types of balls are today made from rubber , this form was unknown outside the Americas until after the voyages of Columbus . The Spanish were the first Europeans to see bouncing rubber balls ( albeit solid and not inflated ) which were employed most notably in the Mesoamerican ballgame . Balls used in various sports in other parts of the world prior to Columbus were made from other materials such as animal bladders or skins , stuffed with various materials . As balls are one of the most familiar spherical objects to humans , the word `` ball '' is used to refer to , or to describe , anything spherical or near-spherical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7403821a5e8c2e8c5169546f4275391", "text": "Jump shot (basketball) In basketball ( and derivatives like netball ) , a regular jump shot or jumper is an attempt to score a basket by jumping , usually straight up , and in mid-jump , propelling the ball in an arc into the basket . It is accomplished by the player bringing his or her elbow up until it is aligned with the hoop , then sent towards the hoop in a high arc . It is considered the easiest shot to make from a distance . The purposes of the jump are to shoot from a higher position and therefore make it more difficult for the defender to block the shot . It is the most effective in open play but can prove to be hard when there is a taller player in front of the shooter . There also exists another variant of a jump shot by shooting during the upwards movement of the jump to put more power behind the shot , this shot is usually done by women or players lacking enough force to allow far distance shots . This shot has other advantages like a quicker release and therefore a faster execution time ( comparable to the set shot ) and several disadvantages like a lower shooting height and less time for the shooter to aim in comparison to the mid-air jump shot . Other critics feared indecision once in the air . Debate still continues as to who invented the jump shot . In his book , The Origins of the Jump Shot , author John Christgau makes a strong case that it was Ken Sailors in May 1934 . Sailors went on to play for the University of Wyoming and was selected as MVP of their 1943 NCAA Championship team . Sailors also played for five different teams in the old American Basketball League . Other people that Christgau credits with the jump shot are Glen `` Glenn '' Roberts , Myer `` Whitey '' Skoog , John `` Mouse '' Gonzales , Bud Palmer , Davage `` Dave '' Minor , `` Jumping '' Joe Fulks , Johnny Adams , and Belus Smawley . In the NCAA collegiate archives , John Miller Cooper , who played at the University of Missouri in the 1930s , is recognized as the person to hoist the first jump shot . Hank Luisetti is credited with popularizing the jump shot . Today , the jump shot has many varieties , such as the `` turnaround jumper '' ( facing away from the basket , then jumping and spinning towards it , shooting the ball in mid-air ) ; the `` fadeaway '' ( jumping away from the basket to create space ) ; and the `` leaning jumper '' ( jumping towards the basket to move away from a trailing defender ) . Many , however , have overlooked the `` hook shot '' as a type of jump shot ( the offensive player , usually turned perpendicular to the basket , gently throws the ball with a sweeping motion of his arm in an upward arc with a follow-through which ends over his head ) . It is an art mastered by very few , but for those who have , instituted a lasting impact on the game today . Because a defender often has to jump to block a jump shot , an offensive player can try to get his defender in the air at the wrong time by using a pump fake . If the offensive player then jumps into the defender , it is a defensive foul on the defensive player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02515679a6201da3322573960a614e86", "text": "Contact play The contact play is a base running play in the sport of baseball . It usually refers to a runner on third base breaking for home ( but occasionally refers to a runner at second base breaking for third ) . Similar to the safety-squeeze play , the runner at third breaks for home as soon as he sees that the batted ball is on a downward plane for a ground ball . If there is a runner at second base , he will also break for third if the batted ball is on the first base side of second . The play can backfire if the ball is hit directly at the third baseman or the pitcher as a putout will naturally be made at home plate to prevent the run from scoring . In this situation , the baserunner may freeze and return to third . At this point the runner at third 's objective changes from scoring to getting in a rundown in order to provide an opportunity for the batter to end up at second base . The main advantage to breaking for home on contact is that it reduces the amount of time an infielder will have to make a play at home and , thus , increases the likelihood of the runner scoring . A secondary advantage is that the possibility of a contact play will often cause the defensive infielders to `` play in , '' meaning closer to home plate , giving them less time to react to a hit ball and a greater likelihood of not being able to field it cleanly . The contact play is normally used when there is one out . With no outs , it is generally considered best not to risk being thrown out at home , since there will still be two more opportunities for later batters to drive in the runner . The only exception is when there is also a runner at first , since any ball fielded quickly enough to throw out the runner trying to score is also likely to be an easy double play ball , and the team has a much higher run expectation that inning if the result of the play is an out at home and runners on first and second than if the result is two outs and a runner at third . With two outs , all runners on base automatically break on contact , since there is no point in staying at their base while the fielder gets the final out of the inning by throwing to first base . Most students of Sabermetrics believe the contact play is proper strategy whenever there is a man on third and one out , since the loss from failure is tiny . Using standard tables of run expectation based on the number of outs and runners on base ( such as Sabremetrics 101 : Run Expectancy Matrix , 1999 -- 2002 ) , the difference between having a runner on third with two outs ( the usual result of not using the contact play on a typical ground ball out ) and having a runner on second with two outs ( the usual result of using the contact play and having the breaking runner caught in a rundown ) is only 0.043 runs . When the contact play scores a runner who otherwise would still be at third while an out is recorded at first , the net gain is 0.730 . Put another way , even if the contact play failed 16 times for every one time it succeeded , it would improve a team 's run scoring overall . Even that understates the advantage , since the need for the defense to play in often results in both the runner scoring and the batter reaching base safely , in which case the net benefit is 1.186 runs , which means that it could fail 27 times as often as it helped and still benefit the team overall . Category : Baseball terminology Category : Baseball plays", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6838d1f46a7b31232e0fd0320d1ae419", "text": "Ball in and out of play The ball in and out of play is the ninth law of the Laws of the Game of association football , and describes to the two basic states of play in the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cb3729ae73ed0029d941ccb83934904", "text": "Slide (baseball) In baseball , a slide is the action of a player , acting as a baserunner , who drops his body to the ground once he is very close to the base he is approaching and slides along the ground to reach the base . Sliding is widely considered to be an essential component of baserunning in both youth and professional baseball , though not precisely for the same reason . A baserunner may slide into a base in a number of different ways and for a number of perceived reasons , including to avoid a tag out , to avoid overrunning the base , and to interfere or avoid contact with the defensive player protecting the base . Adult amateur players should determine whether they will benefit by sliding in a particular game situation , and whether an increased risk of injury will make a slide worthwhile .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0234c4f3f42939be93654420911182af	Peggy Sue Got Married was directed by Francis Ford Coppola.	[ { "docid": "1ea0bf4fc8e60309a9655952da50b6bb", "text": "Peggy Sue Got Married Peggy Sue Got Married is a 1986 American comedy-drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola starring Kathleen Turner as a woman on the verge of a divorce , who finds herself transported back to the days of her senior year in high school in 1960 . The film was written by husband and wife team Jerry Leichtling and Arlene Sarner . The film was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actress ( Turner ) , Best Cinematography , and Best Costume Design . In addition , Turner was nominated for Best Foreign Actress at the Sant Jordi Awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "48a8b0fed7b33c840440e6fd7298ccca", "text": "Easy Rider Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie written by Peter Fonda , Dennis Hopper , and Terry Southern , produced by Fonda and directed by Hopper . It tells the story of two bikers ( played by Fonda and Hopper ) who travel through the American Southwest and South after selling a large score of cocaine . The success of Easy Rider helped spark the New Hollywood era of filmmaking during the early 1970s . The film was added to the Library of Congress National Film Registry in 1998 . A landmark counterculture film , and a `` touchstone for a generation '' that `` captured the national imagination '' , Easy Rider explores the societal landscape , issues , and tensions in the United States during the 1960s , such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement , drug use , and communal lifestyle . In Easy Rider , real drugs were used in scenes showing the use of marijuana and other substances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f48051558ea294bec010466d3d3f9cc", "text": "Sam Coppola Sam Coppola ( July 31 , 1932 -- February 5 , 2012 ) was an American actor . He appeared in almost 70 films , beginning in 1968 , but may be best remembered for his role as Dan Fusco , owner of the Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , hardware and paint store , in Saturday Night Fever , who gave John Travolta 's character sage but salty advice in the classic 1977 film . Later in his career , Coppola made a brief but memorable appearance on The Sopranos as the idiosyncratic family therapist of Jennifer Melfi . Coppola was a cop in Serpico ( 1973 ) , starring Al Pacino , and a detective in Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , starring Michael Douglas and Glenn Close . His many TV credits include The Practice , The Good Wife , Law & Order , The Sopranos , Ryan 's Hope and the 2001 A&E movie The Big Heist , in which he portrayed mob boss Paul Castellano . Coppola , no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola , played a nursing home resident in a Chevy commercial that aired during 2011 's Super Bowl and a hot dog vendor in a Ball Park Franks spot starring Michael Jordan . Coppola , a 38-year resident of Leonia , also had many stage roles . He played the hobo Vladimir in a 2005 off-Broadway production of `` Waiting for Godot '' and an aging real estate salesman , Aaronow , in a 2000 production of Glengarry Glen Ross at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton . Coppola died February 5 , 2012 from an aneurysm , and was predeceased by his wife , Helen . He is survived by his children , Jason Coppola of Brooklyn and Samantha Coppola of Bogota , and three grandchildren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4ff03665db82043f82dd5b20c652f94", "text": "Divorce American Style Divorce American Style is a 1967 American satirical comedy film directed by Bud Yorkin and starring Dick Van Dyke , Debbie Reynolds , Jean Simmons , Jason Robards and Van Johnson . Norman Lear produced the film and wrote the script based on a story by Robert Kaufman . It focuses on a married couple that opts for divorce when counseling fails to help them resolve their various problems , and the problems presented to divorced people by alimony . The title is an homage to Divorce Italian Style ( 1961 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2931e25fff6e0be7c99c4af8a6f29c47", "text": "Come Home and Meet My Wife Romanzo popolare ( internationally released as Come Home and Meet My Wife ) is a 1973 Italian comedy drama film directed by Mario Monicelli . The film won the David di Donatello for Best Script .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dae246575c54091cbcc1f81b4116a3d1", "text": "In the Pope's Eye In the Pope 's Eye ( Il pap ` occhio ) is a 1980 Italian comedy film written and directed by Renzo Arbore . It was released in September 1980 , and it was heavily attacked by the Catholic press . Three weeks later it was confiscated `` for insulting the Catholic religion and the person of the Holy Pope '' on the orders of the L'Aquila prosecutor Donato Massimo Bartolomei . The film grossed 5 billion lire being the 5th best grossing film in Italy in the 1980/1981 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf44d7a2faacfe40846cc0c1337bb6f", "text": "Donnie Brasco (film) Donnie Brasco is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Mike Newell , and starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp . Michael Madsen , Bruno Kirby , James Russo , and Anne Heche appeared in supporting roles . The film is based on the true story of Joseph D. Pistone ( Depp ) , an FBI undercover agent who infiltrated the Mafia Bonanno crime family in New York City during the 1970s , under the alias Donnie Brasco , a.k.a. `` The Jewel Man '' . Brasco maneuvers his way into the confidence of an aging hit-man , Lefty Ruggiero ( Pacino ) , who vouches for him . As Donnie moves deeper into the Mafia , he realizes that not only is he crossing the line between federal agent and criminal , but also leading his friend Lefty to an almost certain death . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . The adaptation of the book by Joseph D. Pistone and Richard Woodley was by screenwriter Paul Attanasio . The film was a box office success , earning $ 124.9 million against a $ 35 million budget , and receiving critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1425d06fad5d0e474a434b4de838adab", "text": "Double Harness Double Harness ( 1933 ) is an American Pre-Code film starring Ann Harding and William Powell . It was based on the play of the same name by Edward Poor Montgomery . A young woman maneuvers a lazy playboy into marrying her . On 4 April and 11 April 2007 , Turner Classic Movies premiered several films produced by Merian C. Cooper at RKO but out of distribution for more than 50 years . According to TCM host Robert Osborne , Cooper agreed to a legal settlement with RKO in 1946 , after accusing RKO of not giving him all the money due him from his RKO producer 's contract in the 1930s . The settlement gave Cooper complete ownership of six RKO titles . Among the titles are Rafter Romance ( 1933 ) with Ginger Rogers , Double Harness , The Right to Romance ( 1933 ) , One Man 's Journey ( 1933 ) with Lionel Barrymore , Stingaree ( 1934 ) , Living on Love ( 1937 ) , and A Man to Remember ( 1938 ) . According to an interview with a retired RKO executive , used as a promo on TCM for the premiere , Cooper allowed the films to be shown in 1955-1956 in a limited re-release and only in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bbf368e2268f48c62ea2becf8fc31d7", "text": "Carlo Mazzone-Clementi Carlo Mazzone-Clementi ( 12 December 1920 -- 5 November 2000 ) was a performer and founder of two schools of commedia , mime and physical theater as well as a contemporary and colleague of leaders of modern European theater . From his arrival in the USA in 1957 , he was largely responsible for the spreading of commedia dell ` arte in North America . He first gained attention in Italy in 1947 alongside Marcel Marceau in the mime 's first tour outside of Paris . From 1948 to 1951 , he assisted Jacques Lecoq , while Lecoq taught and directed the Players of Padua University . In 1954 , Mazzone-Clementi was at Piccolo Teatro di Milano with Dario Fo and Franca Rame . While he was performing with Piccolo Teatro as well as teaching in Rome , the American theatre scholar and director Eric Bentley came to Italy to direct the Padua Players company in the first Italian production of Bertolt Brecht . Then , with Bentley 's patronage , Mazzone-Clementi toured the United States in 1958 , conducting workshops in mime and commedia , and introducing the leather masks of Amleto Sartori to this country . That led to a teaching assignment at the Carnegie Institute of Technology , followed by Brandeis University , the University of California at Berkeley , the American Conservatory Theater and others . He was known as Carlo Mazzone until 1965 when he worked with the new acting ensemble at the Theatre of Lincoln Center . From then on he was known as Carlo Mazzone-Clementi . Clementi was the name of his mother and his grandfather , Girolamo Clementi , who was versed in the work of Paduan playwright and forerunner of commedia dell ` arte , Angelo Beolco , known as `` Ruzzante . '' In 1972 , Mazzone-Clementi and his wife Jane Hill , a graduate of Carnegie-Mellon , went to Humboldt County , California to conduct summer workshops at their rural property . From this experience came the decision to re-locate permanently in Humboldt and to establish a full-time actor training program . In 1974 , the couple purchased the Oddfellows Hall in Blue Lake , California and co-founded the Dell ' Arte School of Mime and Comedy , now known as the Dell ` Arte International School of Physical Theatre . Hill also joined the faculty at College of the Redwoods , where the pair created the Grand Comedy Festival at Qual-a-wa-loo , a summer repertory festival that produced plays of Shakespeare in rotation with musical adaptations of those plays ; Mazzone-Clementi served as the festival 's artistic director for six years . In 1974 their article , `` Commedia and the Actor '' was published in The Drama Review TDR ( journal ) . Mazzone-Clementi moved to Copenhagen , Denmark in 1984 and founded a second sister theater school there , named the Commedia School . In 1994 returned to California and continued teaching until shortly before his death on 5 November 2000 in San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfa4ec12fb1e6019b069e2b53cd8f9fd", "text": "Rita, Sue and Bob Too Rita , Sue and Bob Too is a 1987 British comedy-drama film directed by Alan Clarke , set in Bradford , about two teenaged schoolgirls who have a sexual fling with a married man . It was adapted by Andrea Dunbar , based on two of her stage plays ; Rita Sue and Bob Too ( 1982 ) and The Arbor ( 1980 ) , which was first performed at the Royal Court Theatre , London . The strapline of the film was : `` Thatcher 's Britain with her knickers down . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b069f5970d9c8f67de4a7fadf7abd69b", "text": "Dee Caruso Dee Caruso ( April 7 , 1929 -- May 27 , 2012 ) was an American television and film screenwriter and television producer , whose credits included Get Smart , The Monkees and The Smothers Brothers Show . Caruso and his longtime writing partner , Gerald Gardner , frequently collaborated on projects . The writing duo were the head writers for the 1960s television comedy series , Get Smart . Caruso began his career by writing for stand-up comedians at nightclubs , including Don Adams and Allen & Rossi , the comedy team of Marty Allen and Steve Rossi . Caruso and writing partner , Gerald Gardner , were head writers for Get Smart . They duo continued to collaborate on projects throughout their career . Caruso and Gardner wrote 22 episodes of The Monkees , which aired from 1966 to 1968 . In 1965 , Caruso and Gardner were part of the writing staff which won an Emmy for their work on David Frost 's That Was The Week That Was . They co-produced The Red Skelton Show . Together , they wrote other episodes of The Smothers Brothers Show , What 's Happening !! , The Ghost & Mrs. Muir , Happy Days and The Bill Cosby Show . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote a 1966 episode of Gilligan 's Island , `` The Producer , '' which guest starred Phil Silvers . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote television specials for Jerry Lewis , Bill Cosby , Robin Williams , Debbie Reynolds , Don Rickles and Jack Benny . Additionally , the pair wrote several television films , including Break Up , which starred Bernadette Peters in 1973 ; and How to Break Up a Happy Divorce , a 1976 NBC television movie starring Barbara Eden , which the duo also produced . Dee Caruso and Gardner also worked on several feature film projects . They co-wrote Which Way to the Front ? , a 1970 satirical war flick starring Jerry Lewis ; The World 's Greatest Athlete , a 1973 Walt Disney production starring John Amos and Jan-Michael Vincent ; and Doin ' Time , a 1985 Warner Brothers film . Caruso and his wife , Sandra Caruso , co-taught a class , called `` What 's Funny , What 's Not , '' for ten years at the UCLA Extension Writers ' Program . Caruso then became a screenwriting professor at the UCLA School of Theater , Film and Television , where he taught for more than twenty years . Dee Caruso died of pneumonia at his home in Brentwood , Los Angeles , on May 27 , 2012 , at the age of 83 . He was survived by his wife of 47 years , Sandra Caruso . His memorial service was held at the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33033e3287bce8b7518e7231159a8be7", "text": "Cara sposa Cara sposa ( Dear Wife ) is a 1977 Italian comedy film directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e12c01ec5d937a6359337803ad52c49", "text": "Carmela Corleone Carmela Corleone ( 1897 -- 1959 ) , a fictional character in Mario Puzo 's The Godfather , is the wife of Don Vito Corleone . Carmela is portrayed by Italian-American Morgana King in Francis Ford Coppola 's film adaptation of the novel , as well as in The Godfather Part II . King is better known as a singer and is given a brief chance to display her vocal skills in the wedding reception scene of The Godfather when she sings the song `` Luna Mezz ' O Mare '' . Although King was born Maria Grazia Morgana Messina in Pleasantville , New York , her parents were `` from Fiumefreddo di Sicilia , Province of Catania , Sicily , Italy . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "febe3a584d250537fad84f516042992d", "text": "It Started in Naples It Started in Naples is an American romantic comedy film made by Paramount Pictures and released in August 1960 . It was directed by Melville Shavelson and produced by Jack Rose from a screenplay by Suso Cecchi d'Amico based on the story by Michael Pertwee and Jack Davies . The Technicolor cinematography was by Robert Surtees . The film stars Clark Gable , Sophia Loren , Vittorio De Sica and an Italian cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c54ca935c220323e07501c78a76f6a80", "text": "Marion Davies Marion Cecilia Davies ( née Douras January 3 , 1897 -- September 22 , 1961 ) was an American film actress , producer , screenwriter , and philanthropist . Davies was already building a solid reputation as a film comedian when newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst , with whom she had begun a romantic relationship , took over management of her career . Hearst financed Davies ' pictures , promoted her heavily through his newspapers and Hearst Newsreels , and pressured studios to cast her in historical dramas for which she was ill-suited . For this reason , Davies is better remembered today as Hearst 's mistress and the hostess of many lavish events for the Hollywood elite . In particular , her name is linked with the 1924 scandal aboard Hearst 's yacht when one of his guests , film producer Thomas Ince , died . In the film Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , the title character 's second wife -- an untalented singer whom he tries to promote -- was widely assumed to be based on Davies . But many commentators , including Citizen Kane writer/director Orson Welles himself , have defended Davies ' record as a gifted actress , to whom Hearst 's patronage did more harm than good . She retired from the screen in 1937 , choosing to devote herself to Hearst and charitable work . In Hearst 's declining years , Davies provided financial as well as emotional support until his death in 1951 . She married for the first time eleven weeks after his death , a marriage which lasted until Davies died of stomach cancer in 1961 at the age of 64 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66481268c10e403d0b169816f8290146", "text": "Coleman Francis Coleman C. Francis ( January 24 , 1919 -- January 15 , 1973 ) was an American actor , writer , producer , and director . He was best known for his film trilogy consisting of The Beast of Yucca Flats ( 1961 ) , The Skydivers ( 1963 ) , Red Zone Cuba ( 1966 ) , all three of which were filmed in the general Santa Clarita , California area and used preoccupation with light aircraft and parachuting , coffee or cigarettes serving as a prop or a center of conversation , and a vigilante-style gunning down of suspects without a trial to conclude the film as frequent motifs . All three films have gained notoriety as a result of their appearances on Mystery Science Theater 3000 , and have been often criticized for their abysmal production values , repetitive plot devices , murky picture quality , and stilted acting . Some critics have characterized Francis ' films among the all-time worst , even suggesting that he may surpass Ed Wood in terms of ineptitude .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d32b0a41b0769eeb5aba774729f08a8d", "text": "Married and in Love Married and in Love is a 1940 film directed by John Farrow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4768b24a6f1ca7d782aa14997d00a5", "text": "American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case . The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie . Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68383b7c4908e681678c625c607f2912", "text": "To Find a Man To Find a Man is a 1972 American comedy-drama film directed by Buzz Kulik . It was entered into the 1972 Cannes Film Festival . The film introduced actress Pamela Sue Martin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8881afffee9ce63fc03e8d629ea60f46", "text": "Chris Coppola Christopher `` Chris '' Coppola is an American actor , voice artist , and comedian . He is best known for such movies as Friday the 13th , Far Cry , Postal , Loveless in Los Angeles , The Polar Express , and Beowulf . He also voiced Dancer in Santa Buddies and appeared in the episode `` Tailgate '' on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" } ]	fever
21174a50468b26b14db278382f709915	Hotel Transylvania is an independent production.	[ { "docid": "0aa4824cd649ed8b7006bc1a592071a5", "text": "Hotel Transylvania Hotel Transylvania is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated fantasy comedy film produced by Sony Pictures Animation for Columbia Pictures . It was directed by Genndy Tartakovsky and produced by Michelle Murdocca , and stars the voices of Adam Sandler , Andy Samberg , Selena Gomez , Kevin James , Fran Drescher , Steve Buscemi , Molly Shannon , David Spade , and CeeLo Green . The film tells a story of Count Dracula , the owner of a hotel called Hotel Transylvania where the world 's monsters can take a rest from human civilization . Dracula invites some of the most famous monsters to celebrate the 118th birthday of his daughter Mavis . When the `` human-free hotel '' is unexpectedly visited by an ordinary 21-year-old traveler named Jonathan , Dracula must protect Mavis from falling in love with him before the hotel 's guests learn that there is a human in the castle , which may jeopardize the hotel 's future and his career . The film was released on September 28 , 2012 and was met with mixed critical reception , while the general public received it favorably . Despite this , Hotel Transylvania earned a total of $ 358 million against a budget of $ 85 million at the box office . The film was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film . It launched a franchise with a sequel titled Hotel Transylvania 2 , which takes place seven years after the film , released in 2015 , and a third film scheduled for 2018 . A television series based on the film is planned to premiere on Disney Channel in June 2017 , and it will focus on the teenage years of Mavis and her friends at the Hotel Transylvania .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd6e21f02550e053ed4dcaa3f76cecf8", "text": "Dracula 2012 Dracula 2012 ( released in Tamil as Naangam Pirai and in Telugu as Punnami Ratri ) is a 2013 Indian 3-D horror film directed by Vinayan , starring Sudheer Sukumaran , Prabhu , Monal Gajjar , Nassar , Shraddha Das and Thilakan . The film was shot in the Malayalam , Telugu , and Tamil languages simultaneously , with additional scenes and songs featuring Tamil and Telugu actors . The film was dubbed in English for a Western release and later dubbed in Hindi as `` Aur Ek Dracula '' . Portions of the film were shot in Bran Castle in Romania . The cost of the film was 120 million and was originally released on 8 February 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e8f29c493670df2eeeb80a1ab4c067b", "text": "CineTel Films CineTel Films Inc. is an independent film production company and distributor based in West Hollywood , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3748b5889330fc06e4e407548b67468a", "text": "IFC Films IFC Films is an American film production and distribution company based in New York City . It is an offshoot of IFC owned by AMC Networks . It distributes independent films and documentaries under its namesake , Sundance Selects and IFC Midnight brands . It operates the IFC Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f66f28332c6af504520cb478779b0bbb", "text": "Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism . In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44d77ead5df41da8017da02add58fa35", "text": "Mandeville Films Mandeville Films is an American independent film production company headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios . Founded in 1995 by film producer David Hoberman , the company re-formed as Mandeville Films and Television in 2002 after a short hiatus , with Hoberman and Todd Lieberman as partners and co-owners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c957df4756a2ec0c6cd126ab65c3494d", "text": "Hotel Imperial (1939 film) Hotel Imperial is a 1939 American dramatic film directed by Robert Florey . It stars Isa Miranda and Ray Milland . The plot follows a 1917 play by the Hungarian writer Lajos Bíró : in the waning days of World War I , on the Russian-Austrian frontier , a young woman looking to avenge the suicide of her sister poses as a chambermaid in the Hotel Imperial . A Hungarian silent film was released in 1918 , and an American version starring Pola Negri in 1927 . The history of this production began in 1936 , with Marlene Dietrich and Charles Boyer in the lead roles , but Dietrich clashed repeatedly with director Henry Hathaway . Filming resumed with Margaret Sullavan , who broke her arm , necessitating yet another cast change . Four years after the release of this version , Five Graves to Cairo ( 1943 ) moved the setting ahead to World War II and featured Franchot Tone and Ann Baxter . Milland had a near-fatal accident on the set . One scene called for him to lead a cavalry charge through a small village . Milland insisted upon doing this scene himself , but as he was making a scripted jump on the horse , his saddle came loose , sending him flying straight into a pile of broken masonry . Knocked unconscious for 24 hours , he was laid up in the hospital for weeks with multiple fractures and lacerations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383f683414572849c927d55424f578ff", "text": "Beverly Hills Film Festival The Beverly Hills Film Festival ( BHFF ) is a film festival in the United States founded in 2001 by independent filmmaker Nino Simone . The festival is an international competition dedicated to showcasing the art and talent of emerging filmmakers and screenplay writers from around the world . The festival lasts five days and is reportedly attended by more than 20,000 people a year . Venues include the AMPAS , Writers Guild , Chinese Theater and The Clarity Theatre . The festival winds up with the black tie awards ceremony . In 2013 the festival was launched internationally with an event in Tokyo . The BHFF emphasizes awards to first-time filmmakers . On the final night of the Festival , the jury ( usually made up of film professionals from all over the globe ) presents its awards , including the Golden Palm Award for best picture , at a black-tie gala at the Four Seasons Beverly Wilshire Hotel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168c90fc76278aa26a5551b4fb6c581e", "text": "Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants . By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6ce9120f0cf79de42bea4eb4f472bd6", "text": "Bucharest Non Stop Bucharest Non Stop ( București NonStop ) is a 2015 Romanian comedy film directed by the Romanian actor , director and film producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3f446d8801629f36d56c04d4bd190ac", "text": "Dracula's Shadow – The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution Dracula 's Shadow -- The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution is a new documentary film that reveals the secret mission from Canada in March 1989 to tape a clandestine TV interview with Romania 's biggest dissident , László Tőkés , that would later spark the Romanian Revolution . Two French-Canadians - Michel Clair ( a former Cabinet Minister in the Parti Québecois ) and Réjean Roy ( a reporter for Radio-Canada ) worked together with Tőkés ' brother - István - who was living in Montreal to help set up the trip . The mission succeeded , and the tapes of the interview got out to the West with the aid of underground couriers just before Clair and Roy were arrested by the Romanian secret police ( Securitate ) . The two Canadians were eventually released . That interview was then first broadcast on July 24 , 1989 , on the `` Panoráma '' TV show on Hungarian State TV ( MTV ) which could also be seen in western Romania . In the interview László Tőkés , a member of Romania 's large Hungarian minority , criticized the harsh living conditions in the country and the discriminatory policies against national minorities pursued by Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu . Because of the interview Tőkés was fired and after several court challenges was given the final deadline of Friday , Dec. 15 , 1989 to leave his church . On the previous Sunday - Sunday , Dec. 10 - Tőkés told his parishioners to come out on the Friday to bear witness as to what will happen . Instead , first dozens , then hundreds and eventually thousands of people came out and surroundeded his church to protect Tőkés from advancing Securitate and military . By the evening of Dec. 16 fighting broke out outside Tőkés ' church that then spread across the city and then across the country . The film reveals how the Securitate was initially outfoxed , uncovers information from Securitate archives in Bucharest about attempts by Ceausescu to silence Tőkés , and talks about informers working for the Securitate . It also has an extensive interview with former Securitate Major Radu Tinu who was responsible for Tőkés . Today László Tőkés is a member of the European Parliament . The world premiere of the cinema version of the film will be in Timişoara on Dec. 15 , 2009 , on the 20th anniversary of the Romanian Revolution . Hungary 's DUNA-TV will also broadcast a 52-minute version on Dec. 15 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab5ac5ad338484b2c9f37ead39e2682b", "text": "Independent Dream Machine Independent Dream Machine is an Allentown , Pennsylvania-based production company founded by film producer Zeke Zelker in 1997 . Past feature film include Affairs ( 1997 ) , A.K.A. : It 's a Wiley World ! ( 2003 ) , Fading ( 2003 ) , Loggerheads ( 2005 ) and InSearchOf ( 2009 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b23269824bbb959697446253bd708821", "text": "Split Film Festival Split Film Festival or Split International Festival of New Film , is one of the oldest film and video festivals in Croatia that showcases new , creative , personal , radical works of all styles , themes , genres and lengths , whether film , or new media , preferably from outside the mainstream . Festival 's previous guests included Chris Marker , Jonas Mekas , Jean Marie Straub & Daniele Huillot , late Stan Brakhage , Claire Denis , Bela Tarr , Lars von Trier and Cyrus Frisch . The Festival presents screenings of selected films , videos , interactive media , installations , performances , retrospectives workshops , discussions and festival 's catalogue . Split Film Festival takes place every Summer in Split , Croatia . The Festival is open to all new , innovative , personal , experimental film , radical , subversive etc. work ( film , video and new media ) of all genres and lengths , preferably from outside the mainstream , whether it was made on a shoestring budget or is a studio release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e21bdac4f1ffa6e7d5edc3a12a7efc07", "text": "Eccleston Square Hotel Eccleston Square Hotel is an independently owned boutique hotel located in Pimlico , London , and known for its technology features provided to guests . It has been referred to as Europe 's most high-tech hotel by Condé Nast Traveler and featured as one of Five Hotels With Top-Notch Technology by Forbes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03dc8e1759d68c3a3d589849d22dd62c", "text": "At the Hotel At the Hotel is a Canadian drama-comedy-musical mini-series concerning the goings-on at an illustrious Montreal hotel , known for its favourable treatment of struggling artists . Created by Ken Finkleman and produced by One Hundred Percent Television , the series aired on CBC Television in 2006 . The music is composed by Robert Carli . This is the only Ken Finkleman production in which he did not cast himself as a character . He does however make a very brief on-screen appearance as a member of the crew shooting a music video in the hotel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b385e012070856584bac8122aadb78be", "text": "Hotel Cabana Hotel Cabana is the debut studio album by British record producer Shahid `` Naughty Boy '' Khan , released from 23 August 2013 through Naughty Boy Recordings and Virgin EMI . Khan set up his Naughty Boy Productions record and production company . He would find his break by producing Chipmunk 's 2009 top-ten single `` Diamond Rings '' , featuring a then unknown Emeli Sandé . Naughty Boy released his own debut single as a signed artist in 2010 . `` Never Be Your Woman '' samples White Town 's 1997 number-one single `` Your Woman '' and featured British grime artist Wiley and Sandé on the chorus ; it reached the top ten in the UK and is included as a bonus track on Hotel Cabana . The collaboration marked the start of a partnership between Naughty Boy and Sandé which is seen throughout Hotel Cabana and Sandé 's debut set , Our Version of Events ( 2012 ) . Hotel Cabana is R&B , soul , garage , pop and hip hop music productions record , with influences from orchestral and Bollywood music . Naughty Boy describes it as an `` audio-visual experience '' and a concept album based on a luxury hotel where musicians come to perform . Hotel Cabana reunites Naughty Boy with Sandé on eight collaborations , as well as features from other British artists such George the Poet , Sam Smith , Bastille , Tinie Tempah , Ella Eyre , Gabrielle , Wretch 32 , Mic Righteous , Maiday , Chasing Grace , Ed Sheeran , and American rapper Wiz Khalifa , who appears on the album 's fourth single overall , `` Think About It '' , with Eyre . Ava Stokes , Tanika , Thabo and RØMANS make additional appearances on the US version of the album which was released by Virgin Records on 6 May 2014 . Prior to release , Hotel Cabana was promoted with several video trailers which included the collaborating artists arriving at the fictional hotel . It was also preceded by the release of three singles , including the two top-ten Sandé collaborations : `` Wonder '' and `` Lifted '' , as well as the UK Singles Chart-topper `` La La La '' ( featuring Sam Smith ) . Upon release , the album received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who praised the production , but with some criticism towards the concept , execution and some collaborations . Hotel Cabana made its chart debuts at number two in the UK , number five in Scotland and twenty-five in Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b9ce427f953df16f6d3d72bc5aa8c47", "text": "Gaylord Hotels Gaylord Hotels is the large convention hotel brand of Marriott International . It consists of four large hotels with attached convention centers and one overflow support hotel property . The properties are owned by Ryman Hospitality Properties , Inc. . Before changing its name and handing over the management of the hotels to Marriott , Ryman Hospitality was named Gaylord Entertainment Company . The brand was formed with the opening of the 600-room Opryland Hotel ( now named Gaylord Opryland Resort and Convention Center ) in November 1977 . Until the Nashville hotel 's 1996 expansion to almost 3,000 rooms and subsequent announcement of a future Opryland Hotel Florida , the hospitality group was a modest division of the Opryland USA properties of Gaylord Entertainment . Gaylord Opryland in Nashville , Tennessee , along with the Inn at Opryland , a Gaylord Hotel . Gaylord Palms in Kissimmee , Florida Gaylord Texan in Grapevine , Texas Gaylord National in National Harbor , Maryland near Washington , D.C. Gaylord Rockies in Aurora , Colorado ( under construction ) In 2010 , Gaylord struck a deal with DreamWorks Animation to create character breakfasts and other activities with Shrek , Kung Fu Panda and other DreamWorks characters . On May 31 , 2012 Marriott International agreed to buy the rights to manage Gaylord 's four hotels for $ 210 million in cash . From 2002 to 2009 , Gaylord Hotels was the primary sponsor of the Music City Bowl , a postseason college football game held each year in Nashville . As of 2011 , the company continues to be a secondary sponsor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
167a0078cede6f1414eeed1ad9c0d070	Elephants have been portrayed in popular culture.	[ { "docid": "5545b56fdae2604a9ccd6abad683c219", "text": "Elephant Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea . Three species are recognised , the African bush elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) , the African forest elephant ( L. cyclotis ) , and the Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ) . Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa , South Asia , and Southeast Asia . Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea ; other , now extinct , members of the order include deinotheres , gomphotheres , mammoths , and mastodons . Male African elephants are the largest extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m and weigh 7000 kg . All elephants have several distinctive features , the most notable of which is a long trunk or proboscis , used for many purposes , particularly breathing , lifting water , and grasping objects . Their incisors grow into tusks , which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging . Elephants ' large ear flaps help to control their body temperature . Their pillar-like legs can carry their great weight . African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs . Elephants are herbivorous and can be found in different habitats including savannahs , forests , deserts , and marshes . They prefer to stay near water . They are considered to be keystone species due to their impact on their environments . Other animals tend to keep their distance from elephants while predators , such as lions , tigers , hyenas , and any wild dogs , usually target only young elephants ( or `` calves '' ) . Females ( `` cows '' ) tend to live in family groups , which can consist of one female with her calves or several related females with offspring . The groups are led by an individual known as the matriarch , often the oldest cow . Elephants have a fission -- fusion society in which multiple family groups come together to socialise . Males ( `` bulls '' ) leave their family groups when they reach puberty and may live alone or with other males . Adult bulls mostly interact with family groups when looking for a mate and enter a state of increased testosterone and aggression known as musth , which helps them gain dominance and reproductive success . Calves are the centre of attention in their family groups and rely on their mothers for as long as three years . Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild . They communicate by touch , sight , smell , and sound ; elephants use infrasound , and seismic communication over long distances . Elephant intelligence has been compared with that of primates and cetaceans . They appear to have self-awareness and show empathy for dying or dead individuals of their kind . African elephants are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) while the Asian elephant is classed as endangered . One of the biggest threats to elephant populations is the ivory trade , as the animals are poached for their ivory tusks . Other threats to wild elephants include habitat destruction and conflicts with local people . Elephants are used as working animals in Asia . In the past , they were used in war ; today , they are often controversially put on display in zoos , or exploited for entertainment in circuses . Elephants are highly recognisable and have been featured in art , folklore , religion , literature , and popular culture .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08a1cc4f6bf97bc2be43a4b5fad9a4da", "text": "Cult image In the practice of religion , a cult image is a human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity , spirit or daemon that it embodies or represents . Cultus , the outward religious formulas of `` cult '' ( meaning religious practice , as opposed to the pejorative term for a potentially dangerous `` new religion '' ) , often centers upon the treatment of cult images , which may be dressed , fed or paraded , etc. . Religious images cover a wider range of all types of images made with a religious purpose , subject , or connection . In many contexts `` cult image '' specifically means the most important image in a temple , kept in an inner space , as opposed to what may be many other images decorating the temple . The term idol is often synonymous with cult image , but may be used especially of a cult image believed not just to depict or represent a deity or spirit , but in some sense to be one itself . Sometimes the image is believed to have its own powers , to grant wishes or otherwise affect the world . In cultures where idolatry is not viewed negatively , the word idol is not generally seen as pejorative , such as in Indian English . Cult of images is the practice of worshipping or venerating religious or cult images representing divine figures . Common in a number of ancient religions , the practice continues most prominently today in Hinduism . The Abrahamic religions all specifically ban idols and idolatry ; all have had internal divisions and disputes as to what constitutes the proper or improper use of images in religion , and many Abrahamic religious sects use or venerate images with varying degrees of fervor . In general the belief that an image itself is the object of worship , and itself has or embodies a spirit with inherent powers , tends to be hard to verify when a religious context is examined closely , or to be held at a popular level but denied by the clergy of a religion . Assertions by others outside the religious group concerned that such beliefs are held by the group are however common .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16fac4c29d3459102e7c0616108aee87", "text": "Pictish Beast The Pictish Beast ( sometimes Pictish Dragon or Pictish Elephant ) is an artistic representation of an animal depicted on Pictish symbol stones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3fc8786895e87624acbf774f04f73e", "text": "Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. . Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. . Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e436dccc630c09a42f9ea1e9c570c30b", "text": "Elephant in the room (disambiguation) `` Elephant in the room '' is an idiom referring to an obvious truth that is ignored . Elephant in the room may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9095bdb6747d16a6e7c073005ddf7b18", "text": "Primate A primate ( -LSB- ˈpraɪmeɪt -RSB- ) is a mammal of the order Primates ( Latin : `` prime , first rank '' ) . In taxonomy , primates include two distinct lineages , strepsirrhines and haplorhines . Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests ; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment . Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal . With the exception of humans , who inhabit every continent , most primates live in tropical or subtropical regions of the Americas , Africa and Asia . They range in size from Madame Berthe 's mouse lemur , which weighs only 30 g , to the eastern gorilla , weighing over 200 kg ; that is , without taking into account the weight of particular human individuals , reaching up to 635 kg . Based on fossil evidence , the earliest known true primates , represented by the genus Teilhardina , date to 55.8 million years old . An early close primate relative known from abundant remains is the Late Paleocene Plesiadapis , c. 55 -- 58 million years old . Molecular clock studies suggest that the primate branch may be even older , originating near the Cretaceous -- Paleogene boundary or around 63 -- 74 mya . The order Primates was traditionally divided into two main groupings : prosimians and anthropoids ( simians ) . Prosimians have characteristics more like those of the earliest primates , and include the lemurs of Madagascar , lorisoids , and tarsiers . Simians include monkeys , apes and hominins . More recently , taxonomists have preferred to split primates into the suborder Strepsirrhini , or wet-nosed primates , consisting of non-tarsier prosimians , and the suborder Haplorhini , or dry-nosed primates , consisting of tarsiers and the simians . Simians are divided into two groups : catarrhine ( narrow-nosed ) monkeys and apes of Africa and Southeast Asia and platyrrhine ( `` flat-nosed '' ) or New World monkeys of South and Middle America . Catarrhines consist of Old World monkeys ( such as baboons and macaques ) , gibbons and great apes ; New World monkeys include the capuchin , howler and squirrel monkeys . Humans are the only extant catarrhines to have spread successfully outside of Africa , South Asia , and East Asia , although fossil evidence shows many other species were formerly present in Europe . New primate species are still being discovered . More than 25 species were taxonomically described in the decade of the 2000s and eleven have been described since 2010 . Considered generalist mammals , primates exhibit a wide range of characteristics . Some primates ( including some great apes and baboons ) are primarily terrestrial rather than arboreal , but all species possess adaptations for climbing trees . Locomotion techniques used include leaping from tree to tree , walking on two or four limbs , knuckle-walking , and swinging between branches of trees ( brachiation ) . Primates are characterized by large brains relative to other mammals , as well as an increased reliance on stereoscopic vision at the expense of smell , the dominant sensory system in most mammals . These features are more developed in monkeys and apes and noticeably less so in lorises and lemurs . Three-color vision has developed in some primates . Most also have opposable thumbs and some have prehensile tails . Many species are sexually dimorphic ; differences include body mass , canine tooth size , and coloration . Primates have slower rates of development than other similarly sized mammals and reach maturity later , but have longer lifespans . Depending on the species , adults may live in solitude , in mated pairs , or in groups of up to hundreds of members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1afa1d45a5ef62d6cb5b1dfcb06991f2", "text": "Musth Musth or must -LSB- ˈmʌsth -RSB- is a periodic condition in bull ( male ) elephants , characterized by highly aggressive behavior and accompanied by a large rise in reproductive hormones . Testosterone levels in an elephant in musth can be as much as 60 times greater than in the same elephant at other times . However , whether this hormonal surge is the sole cause of musth , or merely a contributing factor , is unknown . Scientific investigation of musth is problematic because even the most placid elephants become highly violent toward humans and other elephants during musth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f21699dc21f1a69a7fbf4012e61f6ef7", "text": "Aggregation (ethology) In ethology , an aggregation is any form of gathering of organisms and the process of coming together . In some forms groups of unrelated species might form , in which interaction between members of the aggregation might be minimal ; for example herds of grazing zebra and antelopes might combine , both the better to observe the approach of predators , and to improve the odds of escape in the event of attack by predators . Sometimes there might be some interaction , such as mixed flocks of birds that observe each other 's foraging behaviour in searching for food . Sometimes there might be quite orderly common action , such as the queuing up for a resource ; for example different species of fishes may aggregate around a cleaning station where cleaner wrasse and cleaner shrimp are active , more or less taking turns for attention . Such aggregations , where there is no particular association of species or sizes , may be referred to loosely as unstructured aggregations . Commonly they are very temporary and may be loose , with flocks or herds associating casually and separating equally casually within hours . Structured aggregations tend to be longer-term and of a specific life-cycle function and context . Typically , though not necessarily , they will be of a single species . Often they will be of a single age and possibly of a single sex , such as shoals of fish fry that have specific ecological requirements that are not compatible with those of the mature species . One class of such aggregations comprises groups of adult , but immature `` bachelor '' males of elephants , seals , lions and other animals in which the mature herd will not tolerate males that would begin to compete with the dominant males . Another is when aposematic larvae of certain insects such as some Lepidoptera and Hemiptera form a flock that feed together and may migrate in `` processions '' until they are mature after which some kinds disperse . Most species of migrating birds and mammals flock on a large scale , partly for protection and partly for greater reliability of navigation . In some species of Hemiptera the adults remain with their aggregated immature offspring , sometimes in protective roles . The range of functions is very wide in detail , but among the more important classes of function are security against predators , success in food location , wide range of mate choice , with concomitant increase of outbreeding opportunities , location with other members of the same species ( sometimes adherence to separate communities can almost amount to parapatric residence when say , different communities of rats or chimpanzees have violent mutual antipathy ) . There also are various forms of educational function , such as in some species where the young must learn the correct mate recognition skills , and in highly intelligent species such as crows and elephants , must learn the necessary social skills and the necessary traditional foraging techniques in their region . Aggregation activities are not restricted to the animal kingdom ; for one example , a fundamental class of aggregations occurs in the various groups of slime molds , in which separate cells actually aggregate in the process of constructing their reproductive structure . Category : Ethology", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b859d4706b58417dc115d2e4afc627", "text": "List of local children's television series (United States) The following is a list of local children 's television shows in the United States . These were locally produced commercial television programming intended for the child audience with unique hosts and themes . This type of programming began in the late 1940s and continued into the late 1970s ; some shows continued into the 1990s . Author Tim Hollis documented about 1,400 local children 's shows in a 2002 book , Hi There , Boys and Girls ! The television programs typically aired in the weekday mornings before school or afternoons after school as well as on weekends ( to a lesser degree ) . There were different formats . Almost all shows had a colorful host who assumed a persona such as a cowboy/cowgirl , captain/skipper/commodore / admiral , jungle explorer , astronaut , king , princess , clown , sheriff/deputy/trooper , cop , firefighter , hobo/tramp , railroad engineer , magician , `` cousin '' , `` grandfather '' or `` uncle '' , whose role was not only to be the `` DJ '' for syndicated material ( typically cartoons , although westerns were more popular earlier on ) but also to entertain , often with a live television studio audience of kids , during breaks . Early program fare included cartoon favorites such as Koko the Clown , Daffy Duck , Crusader Rabbit , Dick Tracy , Popeye , Bugs Bunny , Rocky and Bullwinkle , Casper the Friendly Ghost , Mighty Mouse , Porky Pig , Deputy Dawg , Tin Tin , Mel-O-Toons , Woody Woodpecker , The Funny Company , Mr. Magoo , Space Angel and Clutch Cargo as well as movie shorts such as Laurel and Hardy , Our Gang/The Little Rascals and The Three Stooges and animated versions of Laurel and Hardy , Abbott and Costello and The Three Stooges and live action shorts such as Diver Dan . Some included educational segments like the portraits of wildlife in Nature 's Window .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5493c5417d293e929fa5af8ac35dfe7", "text": "Elephant (stories) Elephant is a collection of short stories by American writer Raymond Carver published in Great Britain , 1988 . The stories in the collection were first published in the U.S. in Where I 'm Calling From : New & Selected Stories ( 1988 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d6ad3bef82ff885cbbdfa02ea762cdf", "text": "Arabian oryx The Arabian oryx or white oryx ( Oryx leucoryx ) is a medium-sized antelope with a distinct shoulder bump , long , straight horns , and a tufted tail . It is a bovid , and the smallest member of the Oryx genus , native to desert and steppe areas of the Arabian Peninsula . The Arabian oryx was extinct in the wild by the early 1970s , but was saved in zoos and private preserves , and was reintroduced into the wild starting in 1980 . In 1986 , the Arabian oryx was classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List , and in 2011 , it was the first animal to revert to vulnerable status after previously being listed as extinct in the wild . It is listed in CITES Appendix I . In 2011 , populations were estimated at over 1,000 individuals in the wild , and 6,000 -- 7,000 individuals in captivity worldwide . A Qatari oryx named `` Orry '' was chosen as the official games mascot for the 2006 Asian Games in Doha , and is shown on tailfins of planes belonging to Middle Eastern airline Qatar Airways . Arabian oryx is the national animal of UAE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3e834d0109d56efd4a3c8bb30d52c0c", "text": "Animal cognition Animal cognition describes the mental capacities of non-human animals and the study of those capacities . The field developed from comparative psychology , including the study of animal conditioning and learning . It has also been strongly influenced by research in ethology , behavioral ecology , and evolutionary psychology , and hence the alternative name cognitive ethology is sometimes used . Many behaviors associated with the term animal intelligence are also subsumed within animal cognition . Researchers have examined animal cognition in mammals ( especially primates , cetaceans , elephants , dogs , cats , horses , livestock , raccoons and rodents ) , birds ( including parrots , corvids and pigeons ) , reptiles ( lizards and snakes ) , fish and invertebrates ( including cephalopods , spiders and insects ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8394dbdb939a626339fc497ded02578e", "text": "Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom may refer to : Animal or the Kingdom Animalia , a classification of living organisms Animal Kingdom ( horse ) , winner of the 2011 Kentucky Derby Disney 's Animal Kingdom , a theme park at Walt Disney World , Florida , U.S. Animal Kingdom Resort Area , a group of resorts near the theme park In performing arts : The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 play by Philip Barry The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 American comedy-drama film based on the play Animal Kingdom ( film ) , a 2010 Australian crime film Animal Kingdom ( TV series ) , an American television series on TNT inspired by the Australian film Animal Kingdom ( band ) , a UK indie rock band Animal Kingdom , a 2008 album by Baseball Animal Kingdom , a 2010 album by Raptile Animal Kingdom : Let 's Go Ape , a 2013 Belgian-French-Italian CGI-animated film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f419d88679ca98c80563998431a5eb0", "text": "Elephant in the room Elephant in the room is an English-language metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk no one wants to discuss , or a condition of groupthink no one wants to challenge . It is based on the idea/thought that something as conspicuous as an elephant can appear to be overlooked in codified social interactions , and that the sociology/psychology of repression also operates on the macro scale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f06a9ffcaa456079e7dd1c42991d47", "text": "Elephants' graveyard An elephants ' graveyard ( also written elephant graveyard or elephant 's graveyard ) is a place where , according to legend , older elephants instinctively direct themselves when they reach a certain age . They then die there alone , far from the group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3501850e0ebcf272618e0b3ca2fd736", "text": "Wildlife of Cambodia Cambodia is home to a diverse array of wildlife . There have been registered 212 mammal species , 536 bird species , 176 reptile species ( including 89 subspecies ) , 850 freshwater fish species ( Tonlé Sap Lake area ) , and 435 marine fish species . An unknown amount of species remains to be described by science , especially butterflies and moths ( lepidopterans ) . Many of the species in the country , including several endemic ones , are recognized by the IUCN or World Conservation Union as threatened , endangered , or critically endangered due to deforestation and habitat destruction , poaching , the illegal wildlife trade , and farming , fishing , and forestry concessions . Intensive poaching may have already driven Cambodia 's national animal , the kouprey , to extinction , and wild tigers , Eld 's deer , wild water buffaloes and hog deer are at critically low numbers . Wildlife in Cambodia includes dholes , elephants , deer ( sambar , Eld 's deer , hog deer and muntjac ) , wild oxen ( banteng and gaur ) , panthers , bears , and tigers . Cormorants , cranes , ibises , parrots , green peafowl , pheasants , and wild ducks are also found , and species of venomous snakes and constrictors are numerous . Deforestation , mining activities , and unregulated hunting , have diminished the country 's wildlife diversity rapidly . Cambodia also has many endangered species . Cambodia has 16 globally endangered species and two critically endangered species . Some of Cambodia 's endangered species are the Asian elephant , Siamese crocodile , wild water buffalo , and the Germain 's silver langur . Much work is being done in this area to help conserve and protect Cambodia 's unique wildlife . Wildlife conservation organizations operating in Cambodia include Conservation International , World Wildlife Fund , the Wildlife Conservation Society , Fauna and Flora International , BirdLife International , Wildlife Alliance , and many others . On 20 December 2016 , 163 new animal species were reported in Southeast Asia including one known as the Klingon newt for its resemblance to a klingon from Star trek .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c814834599c685bc16c541981bcee82c", "text": "Elephant goad The elephant goad , bullhook , or ankus ( from Sanskrit or ankusha ) is a tool employed in the handling and training of elephants . It consists of a hook ( usually bronze or steel ) which is attached to a 60 - handle , ending in a tapered end . The bullhook is associated with the abuse of elephants , when it has been used to injure or beat elephants . California ( USA ) has banned the use of bullhooks . A relief at Sanchi and a fresco at the Ajanta Caves depict a three-person crew on the war elephant , the driver with an elephant goad , what appears to be a noble warrior behind the driver and another attendant on the posterior of the elephant . </blockquote> Nossov and Dennis ( 2008 p 19 ) report that two perfectly preserved elephant goads were recovered from an archaeological site at Taxila and are dated from 3rd century BCE to the 1st century CE according to Marshall . The larger of the two is 65 cm long . </blockquote> Nossov and Dennis ( 2008 : p. 16 ) state : An ankusha , a sharpened goad with a pointed hook , was the main tool for managing an elephant . The ankusha first appeared in India in the 6th-5th century BC and has been used ever since , not only there , but wherever elephants served man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda90ea010e11d33e4a7b2db324ed796", "text": "List of unicorns This is a list of unicorns in modern popular culture , chiefly literature , film and television , arranged chronologically : 1871 : Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll , features the nursery rhyme characters of `` The Lion and the Unicorn . '' 1940 ( November 13 ) : Fantasia depicts unicorns and a unicorn donkey in the Pastoral Symphony segment of the film . 1956 ( March 15 ) Forbidden Planet makes reference to a virgin 's ability to tame unicorns 1956 ( September 4 ) The Last Battle , by C. S. Lewis , describes Jewel , a noble unicorn who is King Tirian 's best friend . 1962 : `` The Unicorn '' is a song by Shel Silverstein , best known in the 1968 recording by The Irish Rovers . 1965 : The Wandering Unicorn , a novel by the Argentinian Manuel Mujica Láinez features a magical unicorn 's horn used as a lance during the Crusades . 1965 : Elidor by Alan Garner features a lost unicorn from another world 1968 : The Last Unicorn , a worldwide best-selling novel by Peter S. Beagle , believes she is the last of her kind in the world and undertakes a quest to discover what has happened to the others . 1976 : Unico features a baby unicorn from Osamu Tezuka 1982 ( October 28 ) : Tokimeki Tonight episode 4 features a unicorn pulling a carriage that the star family takes to the underworld . Two are also seen at the end of episode 6 when an imaginary one is seen pulling a carriage carrying the two stars in wedding regalia , and then another appears tugging another pursuing carriage . 1982 ( November 19 ) : The Last Unicorn , a film adaptation of the 1968 novel , features a unicorn on the cover . 1983 : Dungeons & Dragons ( TV series ) features a unicorn called Uni 1984 : She-Ra : Princess of Power : She-Ra 's horse turns into a unicorn during She-Ra 's transformation 1985 : Legend features a unicorn 's horn being cut off by the villain 1987 : The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland -- saving a unicorn is part of Alice 's princess test 1992 : Blade Runner : in the director 's cut , Rick Deckard has a dream of a unicorn . The meaning of the dream is central to his self-identity . 1994-2010 : The Unicorn Chronicles are a fantasy series by Bruce Coville , including Into the Land of the Unicorns ( 1994 ) , Song of the Wanderer ( 1999 ) , Dark Whispers ( 2008 ) and The Last Hunt ( 2010 ) . 1996 : Kleo the Misfit Unicorn also features a wide cast of normal unicorns to complement the main character , who is a winged unicorn 1997 : Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone a unicorn is injured and its blood is drunk 1998 : Nico the Unicorn movie , based on the 1996 book by Frank Sacks 2000 Fantasia 2000 A unicorn in Pomp And Circumstance , along with a dragon and a griffin , is laughing at all the other animals for going into Noah 's ark 2001 ( October 17 ) : Zoo Tycoon video game easter egg unicorn cheats exhibits 2001 ( November 4 ) : Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( film ) , Lord Voldemort and Professor Quirrell are shown to be feeding off the blood of a dead unicorn . 2002 : The Twelve Kingdoms anime has `` Qilin '' , the Japanese term for unicorns 2005 ( May ) : Jack Frost ( manhwa ) features a very ugly unicorn 2005 ( November 26 ) : Charlie the Unicorn , a viral video first released on Newgrounds , features the eponymous unicorn Charlie as well as two other unicorns 2005 ( December 8 ) : The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe shows Peter riding a unicorn into battle 2006 ( February ) : Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn serial novel begins 2006 ( March 20 ) : The Elder Scrolls IV : Oblivion Sidequest 2006 ( June 10 ) : Sugar Sugar Rune anime episode 49 has a unicorn transformed into a boy in the final exam , Chocolat and Vanilla need to retrieve his horn 2007 ( July 5 ) : Noah 's Ark features unnamed unicorn 2007 ( August 10 ) : Stardust features a unicorn coming to help out Yvaine the fallen star . 2009 ( February 24 ) : The Princess and the Unicorn is a children 's novel in which a unicorn is vital to the survival of a fairy community . 2010 ( June 18 ) : Toy Story 3 features Buttercup 2010 ( October 10 ) : My Little Pony : Friendship is Magic has a variety of unicorn ponies . Some of the main cast ( both Rarity and Sweetie Belle ) are unicorns . The main character Twilight Sparkle was a normal unicorn for the first three seasons until becoming a winged unicorn . 2011 : Puella Magi Madoka Magica episode 9 features one alongside a mermaid 2012 ( February 10 ) : The Season 7 , 14th episode of Supernatural , `` Plucky Pennywhistle 's Magical Menagerie '' shows a unicorn chasing down a neglectful father and impaling him on its horn . 2012 ( March 9 ) : The Cabin in the Woods depicts a unicorn killing a man by stabbing him through the chest 2012 ( April 22 ) : Phoebe and her Unicorn webcomic series debuts 2013 ( April 30 ) : The Fire Ascending from the series The Last Dragon Chronicles by Chris d'Lacey features an unnamed unicorn . 2013 ( December 4 ) : Lana Del Rey 's short film Tropico features a unicorn along with other animals . 2015 , in the cartoon Star vs. the Forces of Evil : Star vs. the Forces of Evil episode 1b ( `` Party With a Pony '' , Jan. 18 ) : Flying Princess Pony Head , who is a floating unicorn head , is introduced . Star vs. the Forces of Evil episode `` Quest By '' : a unicorn on a treadmill is revealed to power Star 's wand . Star vs. the Forces of Evil episode 7b ( `` Sleep Spells '' , June 22 ) : when Star paints a picture of her childhood , there is a purple unicorn in it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2664f7c374373b6f64fd9c09d2b258b", "text": "Lin Wang Lin Wang ( ; January 18 , 1917February 26 , 2003 ) was an Asian elephant that served with the Chinese Expeditionary Force during the Second Sino-Japanese War ( 1937 -- 1945 ) and later relocated to Taiwan with the Kuomintang forces . Lin Wang lived out most of his life in the Taipei Zoo and unquestionably was the most popular and famous animal in Taiwan . Many adults and children alike affectionately called the bull elephant `` Grandpa Lin Wang . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
8dd8fe6924665e29108e82dd374faff1	Amsterdam has always had a population size of zero.	[ { "docid": "76f5e4881142d14f76b4193c1f240cd6", "text": "Amsterdam Amsterdam ( -LSB- ˈæmstərdæm , _ ˌæmstərˈdæm -RSB- -LSB- ɑmstərˈdɑm -RSB- ) is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands , although it is not the seat of the government , which is The Hague . Amsterdam has a population of 851,373 within the city proper , 1,351,587 in the urban area , and 2,410,960 in the Amsterdam metropolitan area . The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country . The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad , one of the larger conurbations in Europe , with a population of approximately 7 million . Amsterdam 's name derives from Amstelredamme , indicative of the city 's origin around a dam in the river Amstel . Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century , Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age ( 17th century ) , a result of its innovative developments in trade . During that time , the city was the leading centre for finance and diamonds . In the 19th and 20th centuries the city expanded , and many new neighborhoods and suburbs were planned and built . The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19 -- 20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List . Since the annexation of municipality Sloten in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam , the oldest historic part of the city lies in Sloten ( 9th century ) . As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe , Amsterdam is considered an alpha world city by the Globalization and World Cities ( GaWC ) study group . The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands . Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there , and seven of the world 's 500 largest companies , including Philips and ING , are based in the city . In 2012 , Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU ) and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer . The city was ranked 3rd in innovation by Australian innovation agency 2thinknow in their Innovation Cities Index 2009 . The Amsterdam seaport to this day remains the second in the country , and the fifth largest seaport in Europe . Famous Amsterdam residents include the diarist Anne Frank , artists Rembrandt van Rijn and Vincent van Gogh , and philosopher Baruch Spinoza . The Amsterdam Stock Exchange , the oldest stock exchange in the world , is located in the city center . Amsterdam 's main attractions , including its historic canals , the Rijksmuseum , the Van Gogh Museum , Stedelijk Museum , Hermitage Amsterdam , Anne Frank House , Amsterdam Museum , its red-light district , and its many cannabis coffee shops draw more than 5 million international visitors annually .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a45edd195d95f0318fa43f062132707f", "text": "Almere Almere ( -LSB- ɑlˈmeːrə -RSB- ) is a planned city and municipality in the province of Flevoland , Netherlands , bordering Lelystad and Zeewolde . The municipality of Almere compromises 6 official districts and boroughs . These are the districts Almere Stad ( which is further split up into Almere Stad Oost , Almere Stad West and Almere Centrum ) , Almere Buiten and Almere Pampus ( which is currently being designed ) , and the boroughs of Almere Haven , Almere Hout and Almere Poort . 4 of them also feature official district/borough offices . Furthermore , it also compromises of the unofficial historic district and neighborhood Oostvaardersdiep , which has an active semi-self-governing community , and the planned district of Almere Oosterwold . Almere is the newest city in the Netherlands : the land on which Almere sits , the Southern Flevoland Polder , was reclaimed from the IJsselmeer in 1959-68 . The first house was finished in 1976 , and Almere became a municipality in 1984 . It has the largest population of the municipalities in Flevoland with citizens in and the 7th largest in the Netherlands . In October 2007 , the city council of Almere made agreements with the government to expand the city to 350,000 inhabitants by 2030 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ec864d1dae93a6931cbc121c2a55aaa", "text": "Damrak The Damrak is an avenue and partially filled in canal at the centre of Amsterdam , running between Amsterdam Centraal in the north and Dam Square in the south . It is the main street where people arriving at the station enter the centre of Amsterdam . Also it is one of the two GVB tram routes from the station into the centre , with lines 4 , 9 , 16 , and 25 running down it . It is also on the route of the North/South Line ( Amsterdam metro line ) being constructed between the existing metro station at Centraal Station and the new Rokin station . The street was located on a rak ( reach ) , a straight part of the Amstel river near a dam ; hence the name . In the 19th century , a section of it was filled in . Because of the former stock exchange building , the monumental Beurs van Berlage , and several other buildings related to financial activities erected there in the early 20th century , the term `` Damrak '' has come to be a synonym for the Amsterdam Stock Exchange in the same way `` Wall Street '' is synonymous with the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ . The Beurs van Berlage now serves as a concert and exhibition hall . Today , the area is known for its restaurants , bars , and tourist shops . Its canals serve as a busy area for canal boats , as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87a33fd4fcf62ef2dcae5c21b15f8531", "text": "Vlieland Vlieland ( -LSB- ˈvlilɑnt -RSB- ; Flylân ) is a municipality and island in the northern Netherlands . The municipality of Vlieland has only one major town : Oost-Vlieland ( West Frisian : East-Flylân ) . It is the second-least densely populated municipality in the Netherlands ( after Schiermonnikoog ) . Vlieland is one of the West Frisian Islands , lying in the Wadden Sea . It is the second island from the west in the chain , lying between Texel and Terschelling . The island was permanently separated from the mainland in St. Lucia 's flood in 1287 . Vlieland was named after the Vlie , the seaway between it and Terschelling that was the estuary of the river IJssel in medieval times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce74f0f9835f90b87e90fa6dfbbf08b", "text": "Hortus Botanicus (Amsterdam) Hortus Botanicus is a botanical garden in the Plantage district of Amsterdam , the Netherlands . One of the oldest in the world , it is one of Amsterdam 's major tourist attractions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc5e9dc1116a92b0429ea669f91035d4", "text": "Amsterdam Entrepôt The Amsterdam Entrepôt is the shorthand term that English-language economic historiographers use to refer to the trade system that helped the Dutch Republic achieve primacy in world trade during the 17th century . ( The Dutch prefer the term stapelmarkt , which has less currency in the English language . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59e3bf2d3c3d96c9119f085f9d7b184", "text": "Drechtsteden The Drechtsteden ( Dutch for `` Drecht cities '' ) are a number of towns and cities bordering each other in the delta area of the rivers Oude Maas , Noord , and Beneden-Merwede in the province of South Holland , Netherlands . These cooperate in the Gemeenschappelijke Regeling Drechtsteden ( `` joint arrangement Drechtsteden '' ) , which performs common tasks for the municipalities in the field of economy , development , culture , and social assistance . Collectively , a little more than 250,000 people call one of the towns and cities of Drechtsteden home . The associated towns and cities are : Alblasserdam Dordrecht Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht Papendrecht Sliedrecht Zwijndrecht The name `` Drechtsteden '' was chosen because the name of several of the associated cities and towns ends in the suffix - drecht ( meaning : place where ships are pulled or carried across the land ) . It is also an informal name for the area . Nearby Barendrecht , a suburb of Rotterdam , is not part of the association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3f4f85f10c868a1fd3389b37306e9ff", "text": "Names for the number 0 in English There are names for the number 0 in English and related concepts , and there are concomitant names for the decades whose tens column contains the number 0 . The names for the number 0 include `` zero '' , `` cipher '' , `` null '' , `` naught '' , `` nought '' , `` love '' , `` duck '' , `` nil '' , `` nada '' , `` zilch '' , `` zip '' , ( the letter ) `` o '' ( often spelled `` oh '' ) , `` aught '' , and `` ought '' . There are various subtleties of usage amongst them all . Some usage of these terms is driven by a desire to maintain an explicit distinction between digit zero and letter O , which , because they are both usually represented graphically in English orthography ( and indeed most orthographies using Latin script and Arabic numerals ) with a simple circle or oval , have a centuries-long history of being frequently conflated . Thus some of the terms discussed below are the phonetic analog of the graphical convention of slashed zero -- that is , both are an effort to keep digit zero and letter O duly differentiated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c74517c1d7cc15da230f3240b85c7fe6", "text": "Sack of Antwerp The Sack of Antwerp , often known as the Spanish Fury at Antwerp , was an episode of the Eighty Years ' War . It is the greatest massacre in Belgian history . On 4 November 1576 , mutinying Spanish tercios began the sack of Antwerp , leading to three days of horror among the population of the city , which was the cultural , economic and financial center of the Netherlands . The savagery of the sack led the provinces of the Low Countries to unite against the Spanish crown . The devastation also caused Antwerp 's decline as the leading city in the region and paved the way for Amsterdam 's rise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cedb4667277b97eca9f90546b6f327a5", "text": "Belgium Belgium ( -LSB- ˈbɛldʒəm -RSB- België -LSB- ˈbɛlɣijə -RSB- ; Belgique -LSB- bɛlʒik -RSB- ; Belgien -LSB- ˈbɛlɡi̯ən -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of 30528 km2 and has a population of about 11 million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch-speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the French-speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany . Historically , Belgium , the Netherlands and Luxembourg ( along with parts of Northern France and Western Germany ) were known as the Low Countries ; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states . The region was called Belgica in Latin , after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica . From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century , the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture . From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830 , when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands , the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers , causing it to be dubbed the `` Battlefield of Europe , '' a reputation strengthened by both world wars . Today , Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . It is divided into three regions and three communities , that exist next to each other . Its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia . The Brussels-Capital Region is an officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) enclave within the Flemish Region . A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments . Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and , during the course of the 20th century , possessed a number of colonies in Africa . The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia . This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms , resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993 . Despite the reforms , tensions between the groups have remained , if not increased ; there is significant separatism particularly among the Flemish ; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities ; and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election , a world record . Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union and hosts the official seats of the European Commission , Council of the European Union , and European Council , as well as a seat of the European Parliament in the country 's capital , Brussels . Belgium is also a founding member of the Eurozone , NATO , OECD and WTO , and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union . Its capital , Brussels , hosts several of the EU 's official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO.Belgium is a member of , or affiliated to , many international organizations , including ACCT , AfDB , AsDB , Australia Group , Benelux , BIS , CCC , CE , CERN , EAPC , EBRD , EIB , EMU , ESA , EU , FAO , G-10 , IAEA , IBRD , ICAO , ICC , ICRM , IDA , IDB , IEA , IFAD , IFC , IFRCS , IHO , ILO , IMF , IMO , IMSO , Intelsat , Interpol , IOC , IOM , ISO , ITU , MONUC ( observers ) , NATO , NEA , NSG , OAS ( observer ) , OECD , OPCW , OSCE , PCA , UN , UNCTAD , UNECE , UNESCO , UNHCR , UNIDO , UNMIK , UNMOGIP , UNRWA , UNTSO , UPU , WADB ( non-regional ) , WEU , WHO , WIPO , WMO , WTrO , ZC . Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area . Belgium is a developed country , with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as `` very high '' in the Human Development Index .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cdffe5aac3af9d024a25ed3af1b3ddf", "text": "Bos en Lommer Bos en Lommer is a neighborhood of Amsterdam , Netherlands . Situated in the west of Amsterdam , the Bos en Lommer quarter offers easy access to both the exit way ( A10 West ) and public transport . Most of the buildings are four-storey high apartment blocks , with relatively low rents . Bos en Lommer is scheduled for urban renewal to increase high-income inhabitants in the hope that there will then be a decrease in crime , noise and litter . Category : Neighbourhoods of Amsterdam Category : Former boroughs of Amsterdam", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77d443bf9db28cae85d5f01e51ec1ee7", "text": "Flying Dutchman The Flying Dutchman ( De Vliegende Hollander ) is a legendary ghost ship that can never make port and is doomed to sail the oceans forever . The myth is likely to have originated from 17th-century nautical folklore . The oldest extant version has been dated to the late 18th century . Sightings in the 19th and 20th centuries reported the ship to be glowing with ghostly light . If hailed by another ship , the crew of the Flying Dutchman will try to send messages to land , or to people long dead . In ocean lore , the sight of this phantom ship is a portent of doom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "413399cab114c61b583ad5436934bc62", "text": "Smeerenburg The settlement of Smeerenburg on Amsterdam Island in northwest Svalbard was founded by Danish and Dutch whalers in 1619 as one of Europe 's northernmost outposts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c3d1b206b2bc4b9407b7baa192004c9", "text": "Netherlands in World War II The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940 . The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939 , just as it had in World War I , but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway . On 15 May 1940 , one day after the bombing of Rotterdam , the Dutch forces surrendered . The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London . Following the defeat , the Netherlands was placed under German occupation , which endured in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945 . Active resistance was carried out by a small minority , which grew in the course of the occupation . The occupiers deported the majority of the country 's Jews to Nazi concentration camps , with the cooperation of much of the Dutch police and civil service . Due to the high variation in the survival rate of Jewish inhabitants amongst local regions in the Netherlands , scholars have questioned the validity of a single explanation at the national level . Nonetheless , and also due to the well organized population registers comparing to other countries , about 70 % of the country 's Jewish population were killed during the conflict ; a much higher percentage than comparable countries , like Belgium and France . However , the city of Amsterdam organized the only industrial action in protest to the persecution of their Jewish fellow citizens ever in all of the Nazi occupied areas . Most of the south of the country was liberated in the second half of 1944 . The rest , especially the west and north of the country still under occupation , suffered from a famine at the end of 1944 , known as the `` Hunger Winter '' . On 5 May 1945 , the whole country was finally liberated by the total surrender of all German forces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc56024a5e8a0606a818fec895b29003", "text": "History of the Dutch language Dutch is a West Germanic language , that originated from the Old Frankish dialects . Among the words with which Dutch has enriched the English vocabulary are : brandy , coleslaw , cookie , cruiser , dock , easel , freight , landscape , spook , stoop , and yacht . Dutch is noteworthy as the language of an outstanding literature , but it also became important as the tongue of an enterprising people , who , though comparatively few in number , made their mark on the world community through trade and empire . Dutch is also among some of the earliest recorded languages of Europe . Countries that have Dutch as an official language are Belgium , the Netherlands , Suriname , Aruba and Curacao .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e39073ae34591dc5c10d8f3cc8d50c3c", "text": "Jan van Hooff (politician) Johan Frederik Rudolph `` Jan '' van Hooff ( 29 August 1755 -- 13 June 1816 , Utrecht ) was a Dutch Patriot politician and statesman . Van Hooff was born in Eindhoven in 1755 , to Martinus van Hooff ( co-mayor of the town ) and Anna Elisabeth Bols van Arendonck . He studied law , got his doctorate in law at Nancy and opened a law practice in Eindhoven . He was elected co-mayor of the town in 1786 . During his career he was mayor of Eindhoven , member of the First National Assembly , the Second National Assembly , the Executive Power and the Legislative Power . In 1786 he founded the Vaderlandse Sociëteit Concordia ( English : National Sciety Concordia ) together with Amandus van Moorsel ; this society was a social club in name , but a Patriot organization in reality . Several town notables joined this society . In 1787 Jan van Hoff and several other Eindhoven Patriots traveled to Utrecht to join the Patriot Army . This army was defeated by the Prussian Army , after which Van Hooff was arrested ( in October 1787 ) for his Patriottic activities , on the orders of the States-General of the Netherlands ; he was taken to The Hague and imprisoned . He was released shortly thereafter and returned to Eindhoven . However , he was re-arrested on 12 February 1788 ( in Eindhoven this time ) , but managed to escape . In 1789 there was a failed , pro-French rebellion in the Southern Netherlands . Fearing that the insurrection would spread to the Generality Lands , the States-General posted a garrison in Eindhoven ; Van Hooff left the town . In 1792 he was in Paris together with Herman Willem Daendels , where the French Republic had been proclaimed . He sought ( and received ) French support for the reparation of Batavian freedom ( Dutch : herstelling van de Bataafse vrijheid ) ; French troops arrived in Eindhoven on March 6 , 1793 and the freedom tree was planted in the town on that day . The French were subsequently pushed back by the Austrians , but took permanent possession of the town following the 1794 Battle of Fleurus . Van Hooff became a member of the Batavian Revolutionary Committee that year , but got into a conflict with Maximilien Robespierre . He was arrested on May 28 and imprisoned at the Paris Conciergerie . A clerical error in the spelling of his name saved Van Hooff from the guillotine and he was released again on October 29 . He remained in freedom until the coup of 22 January 1798 , after which he was arrested and imprisoned -- first at the Gevangenpoort in The Hague , later at the Palace Huis Ten Bosch . He was finally released on July 14 . He served as Minister for Justice and was a member of the State Council until 1810 . He then retired and spent the rest of his life as a citizen without office . He died without having been married . The city of Eindhoven commissioned Auke Hettema to make a statue of Van Hooff in 1981 . The statue is currently on the Markt in Eindhoven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c5198e384d747d30f199ae63eba79d2", "text": "FC Amsterdam FC Amsterdam was a Dutch football club which was founded on June 20 , 1972 , from the merger of the Amsterdam football clubs Blauw Wit and DWS . The club Volewijckers joined the side for the 1973 -- 1974 season . After a successful start , in which the club made it to the quarter finals of the 1974 -- 75 UEFA Cup defeating Italian giants Inter Milan in the process , the club was relegated from the Eredivisie to the Eerste Divisie in 1978 . This resulted in a massive reduction in spectator numbers for FC Amsterdam , with the club moving out of the Olympisch Stadion in 1980 . The side disbanded in 1982 . Category : Association football clubs established in 1972 Category : Association football clubs disestablished in 1982 Amsterdam Amsterdam Category : Sport in Amsterdam Category :1972 establishments in the Netherlands Category :1982 disestablishments in the Netherlands", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e539f5e1b507bb35dd27ff250b0a0a4", "text": "Houthaven (Amsterdam) The Houthaven ( Amsterdam ) is a neighborhood of the city of Amsterdam , in the Netherlands . Literally meaning ` lumber port ' , the Houthaven is a port situated along the IJ river in Amsterdam 's western port . It is bordered by a dam in the IJ river to the north and the Spaarndammerbuurt in the south . It is currently predominantly used by inland barges , however plans are in motion to radically change the area in the next few years by building a new residential area on seven artificial islands . The harbour is made up out of four parts ( from east to west ) ; Oude Houthaven ( Old Lumber Port ) , Houthaven , Nieuwe Houthaven ( New Lumber Port ) and Minervahaven ( Minerva Port ) . This is why the Houthaven is also referred to as the Houthavens ( which is the plural ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0227d5b62e13ac5324e53ec21714d4a", "text": "Kabouters Kabouters ( meaning gnomes in English ) were a Dutch anarchist group in the 1970s . It was founded by Roel van Duijn and one of its objectives was to set up an alternative society based on Van Duyn 's ideas as stated in his book , De boodschap van een wijze Kabouter ( The Message of a Wise Kabouter ) . Van Duyn for some time worked at an organic farm and asked the farmer if they were going to get a harvester . `` No , '' the farmer responded `` Noisy machines chase away the kabouters , and we need them to keep our plants healthy . '' That is why Van Duyn used this image . The Kabouters were an offshoot of Provo 's environmental White Plans and they proposed `` Groene Plannen '' ( `` Green Plans '' ) , such as Roel van Duijn 's idea to have plants growing in boxes on top of cars and , if possible , to have the automobiles drive on sunken roadways so that pedestrians would only see a procession of moving greenery . Van Duyn actually introduced this plan as a motion before the Amsterdam City Council . The Kabouters were primarily from Amsterdam but were also active in about 35 Dutch cities . At the peak of the movement 's activity , around June 1970 , about 500 people were attending the weekly open meetings , where plans and policies were discussed . A year later membership had dwindled to 20 people . The Amsterdam movement published 12 issues of the `` Kabouterkrant '' ( Kabouter Newspaper ) in 1970 . The Kabouters attracted international attention when in June 1970 they won 5 of the 45 seats on the Amsterdam Gemeenteraad ( City Council ) , as well two seats each on councils in The Hague and Leeuwarden and one seat apiece in Arnhem , Alkmaar and Leiden . Their leader in Amsterdam was Roel van Duijn , who was actually being reelected to the single seat in the City Council originally won by the Provos in 1966 . The Kabouters had to decide whether to participate as a party in the national parliamentary elections , in May 1971 and the movement was divided on this issue . Many Kabouters felt that the electoral process was not anarchist and consequently they entered the elections divided , and lost . There was also disagreement among the five Kabouter members on the Amsterdam City Council . Two of them advocated the legalization of marijuana and smoked it even during sessions . Van Duyn disagreed with their tactic and also felt that it was not an important issue . These same two people threw a stink bomb during a City Council meeting , forcing the chamber to adjourn for an hour . The Kabouters most famous activity was squatting empty buildings . Such liberation of unused empty buildings from speculative absentee landlords was supported by Dutch public opinion . The Kabouters also operated many stores , alternative clothing factories , farms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fef59699e952ef482b0262d464e76e5", "text": "Arnhem-Nijmegen Metropolitan Area The Arnhem-Nijmegen Metropolitan Area ( Stadsregio Arnhem Nijmegen , -LSB- ˈstɑtsˌreːɣijoː ˈɑrnəm ˈnɛi̯meːɣə ( n ) -RSB- or -LSB- - ˈɑrnɦɛm - -RSB- ) is a former Dutch Plusregio , public body and intermunicipal institution , founded in 1988 , for the cooperation in the areas of housing , transport and economics in the conurbation consisting of the Dutch cities of Nijmegen and Arnhem , plus the bordering municipalities of Berg en Dal , Beuningen , Doesburg , Duiven , Heumen , Lingewaard , Montferland , Mook en Middelaar , Overbetuwe , Renkum , Rheden , Rijnwaarden , Rozendaal , Westervoort , Wijchen , and Zevenaar . All but one are in the province of Gelderland . Its aim is regional cooperation . In 2011 , 736.107 people were living in these municipalities combined ( 1,000 km2 ) . The Dutch Plusregio 's being abolished by law in 2014 , the Arnhem-Nijmegen Metropolitan Area has been liquidated 1st of July 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9afb7ea5a9c94d29435a165e6b72be9e", "text": "Muntplein, Amsterdam The Muntplein ( literally `` mint square '' ) is a square in the centre of Amsterdam . The square is in fact a bridge -- the widest bridge in Amsterdam -- which crosses the Singel canal at the point where it flows into the Amstel river . All bridges in Amsterdam are numbered , and the Muntplein carries the number 1 . Muntplein is named after the Munttoren ( or simply Munt ) tower which stands on this square . This tower was once part of one of the three main medieval city gates . In the 17th century , it temporarily served as a mint , hence the name . The guard house building attached to the tower is not the original medieval structure but a late 19th-century fantasy . An underpass was added to the building during a 1938 -- 1939 renovation . The name `` Muntplein '' dates from 1917 . The square was originally known as Schapenplein ( `` sheep square '' ) and , from 1877 to 1917 , as Sophiaplein ( after Queen Sophia , first wife of William III ) . The square is a bustling intersection of six streets . It forms the southern end of the Kalverstraat shopping street and the major street Rokin . The eastern end of the floating flower market ( Bloemenmarkt ) along the Singel canal is directly south of the square . Six tram lines ( 4 , 9 , 14 , 16 , 24 and 25 ) stop at Muntplein , but only when travelling south . The building on Muntplein at the intersection of the Kalverstraat and Rokin is an early design by prominent Dutch architect Hendrik Petrus Berlage .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bff70e8cccd6a09b23e8b502faa6d997	Snoop Dogg was discovered by Christopher Columbus.	[ { "docid": "fb62b5c8504ee969c291bf83821087ef", "text": "Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus ( Cristoforo Colombo -- 20 May 1506 ) was an Italian explorer , navigator , and colonizer . A citizen of the Republic of Genoa , under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean . Those voyages and his efforts to establish permanent settlements on the island of Hispaniola initiated the European colonization of the New World . At a time when European kingdoms were beginning to establish new trade routes and colonies , motivated by imperialism and economic competition , Columbus proposed to reach the East Indies by sailing westward . This eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown , which saw a chance to enter the spice trade with Asia through this new route . During his first voyage in 1492 , he reached the New World instead of arriving at Japan as he had intended , landing on an island in the Bahamas archipelago that he named `` San Salvador '' . Over the course of three more voyages , he visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles , as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America , claiming all of it for the Crown of Castile . Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas , having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century , but his voyages led to the first lasting European contact with the Americas , inaugurating a period of exploration , conquest , and colonization that lasted several centuries . These voyages thus had an enormous effect on the historical development of the modern Western world . He spearheaded the transatlantic slave trade and has been accused by several historians of initiating the genocide of the Hispaniola natives . Columbus himself saw his accomplishments primarily in the light of spreading the Christian religion . Columbus never admitted that he had reached a continent previously unknown to Europeans , rather than the East Indies for which he had set course . He called the inhabitants of the lands that he visited indios ( Spanish for `` Indians '' ) . His strained relationship with the Spanish crown and its appointed colonial administrators in America led to his arrest and dismissal as governor of the settlements on the island of Hispaniola in 1500 , and later to protracted litigation over the benefits that he and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ab31f920ee50be90ba28c612fe51676", "text": "Snoop Dogg Cordozar Calvin Broadus , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Snoop Dogg ( sometimes shortened to Snoop and formerly called Snoop Doggy Dogg and Snoop Lion ) , is an American rapper and actor from Long Beach , California . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre of N.W.A , and as a result was prominently featured throughout Dr. Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic ( 1992 ) . He has since sold over twenty-three million albums in the United States and thirty-five million albums worldwide . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' and `` Gin & Juice '' . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on both charts with `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums . Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told ( 1998 ) , No Limit Top Dogg ( 1999 ) , and Tha Last Meal ( 2000 ) . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss . He then signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece , Tha Blue Carpet Treatment , and Ego Trippin ' . Malice 'n Wonderland ( 2009 ) , and Doggumentary ( 2011 ) , were released on Priority . Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows , including Doggy Fizzle Televizzle , Snoop Dogg 's Father Hood , and Dogg After Dark . He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team . In September 2009 , Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated , and a documentary film of the same name , of his Jamaican experience , in early 2013 . His fourteenth solo studio album , Coolaid , was released in July 2016 . Snoop Dogg holds the dubious distinction of having seventeen Grammy nominations without a win . In March 2016 , the night before WrestleMania 32 in Arlington , Texas , Snoop was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame having made several appearances for the company , including as Master of Ceremonies during a match at Wrestlemania XXIV .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5d924533ce7782e52cc38e4d21408ba0", "text": "International Space Year The International Space Year ( ISY ) was 1992 , the year of the quincentenary of Christopher Columbus 's voyage to the Americas in 1492 . First proposed by U.S. Senator Spark Matsunaga , the designation of 1992 as International Space Year was endorsed by 18 national and international space agencies , who also proposed the year 's theme , `` Mission to Planet Earth '' . Eventually , 29 national space agencies and 10 international organizations took part in coordinated activities to promote space exploration and the use of sustainable technology on Earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "603cb065ed178d68311c256078161536", "text": "Haitian Gospel Haitian Gospel music , began its roots in the rise of Christianity , when it was first imported to the island by Spain 's Christopher Columbus in the 15th-century and again by the French during colonial years of Saint-Domingue , as Jesuits and Capuchins served as missionaries to continue the proliferation of Catholicism . The Baptist trend that had grown in the United States , had not yet reached Haiti until the western media was introduced , shaping Haitian Gospel music ; also known as mizik levanjil in Haitian Creole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca03d78b950300390f5ffef069be612a", "text": "Didrik Pining Didrik Pining ( 1430 -- 1491 ) was a German privateer , nobleman and governor of Iceland and Vardøhus . He is most notable because some have proposed that he may have landed in North America in the 1470s , almost twenty years before Columbus ' voyages of discovery . Some of the claims concerning Pining are controversial because information about him is , in general , relatively sparse and partially contradictory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "776309a9fa13ae567ee58373f358713d", "text": "2 Much Drama 2 Much Drama is the debut album by NBA star , Chris Webber , released under his nickname C. Webb . Released on March 16 , 1999 , for independent label , Lightyear Records , the single `` Gangsta , Gangsta ( How U Do ) '' did well , making it to # 10 on the Hot Rap Singles Chart . Guests include , Redman and Kurupt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6035d8285889bd39c90108c1cea5351d", "text": "Columbus Park (Manhattan) Columbus Park , formerly known as Mulberry Bend Park , Five Points Park and Paradise Park , is a public park in Chinatown , Manhattan , in New York City . During the 19th century , this was the most dangerous ghetto area of immigrant New York , as portrayed in the book and film Gangs of New York . Back then , the park 's site was part of the Five Points neighborhood , in the area known as Mulberry Bend , hence its alternative names . Today , the park often serves as a gathering place for the local Chinese community , where `` the neighborhood meets up here to play mahjong , perform traditional Chinese music ... -LSB- and -RSB- practice tai chi in the early mornings . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f0dfaca7019ceef08761a5c9b81ee1", "text": "Domenico Colombo Domenico Colombo ( English : Dominic Columbus , Genoese : Domenego Corombo ) ( 1418 -- 1496 ) was the father of navigator Christopher Columbus and Bartholomew Columbus . He was also a middle-class weaver . There is speculation that the Dominican Republic , the island on which the younger Columbus first landed when reaching the New World , was named after Domenico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a34904e95dfd7d1d55b206d895919a1b", "text": "Piri Reis Ahmed Muhiddin Piri ( 1465/70 -- 1553 ) , better known as Piri Reis ( -LSB- Pîrî Reis ( military rank ) , Reis -RSB- or Hacı Ahmed Muhiddin Pîrî Bey ) , was an Ottoman admiral , geographer , and cartographer . He is primarily known today for his maps and charts collected in his Kitab-ı Bahriye ( Book of Navigation ) , a book that contains detailed information on navigation , as well as very accurate charts ( for their time ) describing the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea . He gained fame as a cartographer when a small part of his first world map ( prepared in 1513 ) was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul . His world map is the oldest known Turkish atlas showing the New World , and one of the oldest maps of America still in existence anywhere ( the oldest known map of America that is still in existence is the map drawn by Juan de la Cosa in 1500 ) . Piri Reis ' map is centered on the Sahara at the latitude of the Tropic of Cancer . In 1528 , Piri Reis drew a second world map , of which a small fragment ( showing Greenland and North America from Labrador and Newfoundland in the north to Florida , Cuba , Hispaniola , Jamaica and parts of Central America in the south ) still survives . According to his imprinting text , he had drawn his maps using about 20 foreign charts and mappae mundi ( Arab , Spanish , Portuguese , Chinese , Indian and Greek ) including one by Christopher Columbus . He was executed in 1553 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f29b4c7d26ae6a7f23c42af7cf769a9", "text": "Columbus (song) `` Columbus '' is a song by Kent . It was released as the second single from the band 's 2007 album Tillbaka till samtiden , on December 3 , 2007 as digital download , and on December 3 , 2007 as a four track CD single . It contains the non-album track `` Tick tack '' and two additional remixes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6580cf80a3c59e8cd5ca7d03122b2028", "text": "History of Panama (to 1821) In the history of Panama , the earliest known inhabitants were the Cueva and Coclé tribes , but they were drastically reduced by disease and fighting when the Spanish arrived in the 16th century . But \\ some moved out of Panama to have children and increase population . Rodrigo de Bastidas , sailing westward from Venezuela in 1501 in search of gold , was the first European to explore the Isthmus of Panama . 10 years later , Vasco Núñez de Balboa visited the Isthmus and established a short-lived settlement in the Darién . Vasco Núñez de Balboa 's torturous trek from the Atlantic to the Pacific in 1513 demonstrated that the Isthmus was , indeed , the path between the seas , and Panama quickly became the crossroads and marketplace of Spain 's empire in the New World . Gold and silver were brought by ship from South America , hauled across the Isthmus , and loaded aboard ships for Spain . The route became known as the Camino Real , or Royal Road , although it was more commonly known as Camino de Cruces ( Road of the Crosses ) because the road led to the TOWN of Venta Cruces located on the Rio Chagres . Panama was part of the Spanish empire for nearly 300 years , from 1538 to 1821 . From the outset , Panamanian identity was based on a sense of `` geographic destiny '' , and Panamanian fortunes fluctuated with the geopolitical importance of the Isthmus . The colonial experience also spawned Panamanian nationalism as well as a racially complex and highly stratified society , the source of internal conflicts that ran counter to the unifying force of nationalism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ba893c0fb6cfcd2a2ba5e32eb478364", "text": "Jensen! Jensen ! was a Dutch late night talk show on the television station RTL 5 . It aired on weekdays from 22:30 to 23:30 CET during winter , 20:30 to 21:30 UTC during summer . The show 's final season started on 31 March 2011 , with the last episode airing on 5 May 2011 . The show 's creator , anchorman Robert Jensen , also acted as its producer and host . In addition to various Dutch celebrities who accounted for the majority of the show 's guests , Jensen often welcomed international celebrities who were interviewed in English with subtitles in Dutch . On March 29 , 2007 , Jensen ! became a subject of controversy in the United States as the show 's guest that day , Snoop Dogg , delivered a few uncensored profanities directed at American TV host Bill O'Reilly . During the course of the interview , the topic of O'Reilly taking Snoop Dogg to task over the rapper 's drug and gun possession arrest weeks before , was brought up by Jensen . Snoop Dogg responded by saying `` fuck Bill O'Reilly '' and `` suck my dick '' among other things , all of which aired uncensored on Dutch TV . Snoop Dogg continued to lash out at O'Reilly while expressing frustration about O'Reilly not inviting him on his show to talk about the arrest , so that he could understand Snoop . The footage gained global notoriety after it was uploaded on YouTube , where it reached more than 1,000,000 views . Bill O'Reilly responded on his show , mocking Snoop Dogg for bashing him and the Netherlands for letting Snoop Dogg in the country , something which increased not only Snoop Dogg 's popularity in The Netherlands , but also Robert Jensen 's popularity . On 26 November 2009 Snoop Dogg returned in JENSEN ! to talk about Bill O'Reilly again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99beda9d496396ec6662696f75082983", "text": "La La La (Snoop Lion song) `` La La La '' is a song by American rapper Snoop Lion ( mainly known as Snoop Dogg ) , taken from Snoop Lion 's twelfth studio album Reincarnated ( 2013 ) . The song was written by Snoop , Ariel Rechtshaid , Ken Boothe , Thomas Pentz , Joelle Clarke and William Cole , with production handled by Major Lazer and Dre Skull . `` La La La '' was released on July 20 , 2012 as the promotional single from the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c78866480302a947575c28ffd0332291", "text": "Niña La Niña ( Spanish for The Girl ) was one of the three Spanish ships used by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in his first voyage to the West Indies in 1492 . As was tradition for Spanish ships of the day , she bore a female saint 's name , Santa Clara . However , she was commonly referred to by her nickname , La Niña , which was probably a pun on the name of her owner , Juan Niño of Moguer . She was a standard caravel-type vessel . The other ships of the Columbus expedition were the caravel-type and the carrack-type . Niña was by far Columbus 's favorite . She was originally lateen sail rigged caravela latina , but she was re-rigged as caravela redonda at Las Palmas , in the Canary Islands , with square sails for better ocean performance . There is no authentic documentation on the specifics of Niñas design , although Michele de Cuneo , who accompanied Columbus on his second voyage , mentioned that Niña was `` about 60 toneladas '' ( 60 tons ) , which may indicate a medium-sized caravel of around 50 ft in length on deck . Often said to have had three masts , there is some evidence she may have had four masts . Niña , like Pinta and Santa María , was a smaller trade ship built to sail the Mediterranean sea , not the open ocean . It was greatly surpassed in size by ships like of the Hanseatic League , built in 1462 , 51 m in length , and the English carrack , built during the period 1420 -- 1439 , 66.4 m in length and weighing between 1,400 tons and 2,750 tons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2383e52841f7b318fbb2fc796436e333", "text": "Ilha de Vera Cruz Ilha de Vera Cruz ( -LSB- ˈiʎɐ dɨ ˈvɛɾɐ kɾuʃ -RSB- ) ( Portuguese for Island of the True Cross ) was the first name given by the Portuguese navigators to the newly discovered land on the northeast coast of what later became known as Brazil . The name was later changed to Terra de Santa Cruz ( Land of the Holy Cross ) . When the discoverers , under Pedro Álvares Cabral , first officially touched land in South America on April 22 , 1500 , they thought they had found an island , as reflected in the chosen name . They took possession for the Kingdom of Portugal of what was believed to be an island of strategic importance on a western connection between Portugal and the Moluccas and other islands of the East Indies . This was the beginning of the Portuguese colonies in South America . The name was changed to Terra de Santa Cruz when it was realized that it was not an island , but in fact part of a continent . In 1534 , the colonies of Terra de Santa Cruz became the Captaincies of Brazil , land grants to Portuguese captains General by King John III of Portugal . Category : Colonial Brazil Category : Exploration of South America Category : Portuguese colonization of the Americas", "title": "" }, { "docid": "594492158a58aafc723872d07825f046", "text": "Doggfather `` Doggfather '' is a single by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg . It was released in August 26 , 1997 as the last single from Snoop Dogg 's second studio album Tha Doggfather .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8d168628e6b70b8e3b129713cde680", "text": "Reincarnated (album) Reincarnated is the twelfth studio album by American recording artist Snoop Dogg . It is his first release under his reggae persona Snoop Lion . The album was released on April 23 , 2013 , under Berhane Sound System , Mad Decent , Vice Records and RCA Records . The album is his departure from hip hop and his debut in the reggae genre . The album 's production was handled mainly by Diplo and his group Major Lazer . The album features guest appearances from Busta Rhymes , Akon , Chris Brown , Mavado , Popcaan , Mr. Vegas , Collie Buddz , Miley Cyrus , Rita Ora , and Drake among others . The album 's production was handled by Major Lazer , Ariel Rechtshaid , 6Blocc , Dre Skull , Supa Dups and Diplo , who also served as executive producer . It is a companion project to the documentary film Reincarnated . The album was nominated at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Reggae Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d0d0bf2bd28cccde29026e7719de93", "text": "Based on a True Story (Mack 10 album) Based on a True Story is the second studio album by American rapper Mack 10 , released September 16 , 1997 on Priority Records . It peaked at number 14 on the Billboard 200 and at number 5 on the Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . One single , `` Backyard Boogie '' , peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . and performed well on several other charts as well . The album features guest performance by Ice Cube , E-40 , Snoop Dogg , Allfrumtha I and The Comrads . Along with singles , music videos were produced for two songs : `` Backyard Boogie '' and `` Only in California '' featuring Ice Cube and Snoop Dogg . Ice Cube makes a cameo appearance in `` Backyard Boogie '' . The song , `` Ca n't Stop '' , was previously released on the Ant Banks album , Big Thangs . Another song , `` Dopeman '' , was later included on two Priority Records compilations , In tha Beginning ... There Was Rap and Straight Outta Compton : N.W.A 10th Anniversary Tribute . `` Dopeman '' is a cover version of the 1987 N.W.A song of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4ee30388913b4554bc57325c9eda82c", "text": "Kam (rapper) Craig A. Miller ( born October 24 , 1970 in Los Angeles , California ) , better known by his stage name Kam is an American political emcee known primarily among hip hop fans and music critics during the 1990s & early 2000s . He is known for his Nation of Islam-influenced lyrics and NOI membership , and affiliation with his cousin , fellow West Coast emcee Ice Cube . He is also known for his powerfully commanding baritone voice and knack for using multisyllabic rhymes . He has only released two albums since his well-received 1993 debut album Neva Again . That album featured inflammatory anti-government lyrics and hit single `` Peace Treaty , '' a song about the 1992 Watts gang treaty . The song reached # 2 on the Hot Rap Singles chart in 1993 . His first appearance on record was with the song `` Every Single Weekend '' from the 1991 Boyz n the Hood soundtrack . Since then , he has collaborated with artists including Ice Cube , Snoop Dogg , Coolio , E-40 , Erick Sermon , MC Ren , C-Bo , K9Compton , DJ Quik , DJ Pooh , Tha Eastsidaz , Method Man , KRS-One , Public Enemy , Nate Dogg , Warren G , Dogg Pound , Xzibit , Tyrese , Tank , George Clinton , Dresta , B.G. Knocc Out , Yukmouth , and Glasses Malone among many others . He has released music on two record labels , East West Records and JCOR Entertainment . He is currently signed to his own record label , HEREAFTER RECORDS , and plans to release his fourth solo album . He is also currently a member of Snoop Dogg 's West Coast supergroup The Warzone with MC Eiht and Goldie Loc . Kam and his biological younger brother , `` Yung Bruh '' , are also a NOI-based rap group called , Fruit Pruno . Their self-titled album was released during the NOI 's Saviour 's Day 2010 summit ( specifically on February 28 , 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2e8fede64de3d25e7c5215e3563f7c", "text": "Cancionero de la Colombina The Cancionero de la Colombina or Cancionero Musical de la Colombina ( CMC ) is a Spanish manuscript ( Ms. 7-1-28 ) containing Renaissance music from the second half of the 15th century . The manuscript was copied during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs , possibly between the 1460s and the 1480s . Therefore , it predates the more famous Cancionero de Palacio . The first half of the manuscript is the work of two main scribes , and the second half was completed by six other scribes . It originally comprised 106 folios , 8 of which are lost . The general condition of the remaining folios is less than satisfactory . A title added on a later period reads `` Cantilenas vulgares puestas en musica por varios Españoles '' ( Popular melodies set to music by various Spaniards ) . In 1534 it was bought by the second son of Christopher Columbus , the bibliophile Ferdinand Columbus , who added it to his rich Sevillian library of more than 15,000 volumes known by the name of `` Columbine Library '' ( in Spanish , `` Biblioteca Colombina '' ) . After his death , the library was transferred to the Seville Cathedral , where it remained up to these days . The Cancionero currently contains 95 musical settings , some of which are incomplete . Of this total , 53 remain anonymous . The authorship of several works could be established because they had been properly attributed in other cancioneros , especially the Cancionero de Palacio and the Cancionero de Montecassino . The repertory in the manuscript is varied . Among the musical genres can be found canciones , villancicos , romances and ensaladas . Many of the villancicos and canciones are sacred , mostly Marian . Two of the works are in French and 12 are liturgical compositions in Latin . There are also two short versions in Castilian of the Song of the Sibyl ( `` El Cant de la Sibil · la '' ) , nos. 73 and 91 ( `` Juysio fuerte será dado '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3036948dc3d5f08938784daaa5340b8", "text": "L.O.C. (rapper) Liam Nygaard O'Connor ( born 10 July 1979 in Aarhus , Denmark ) , better known as L.O.C. , is a Danish rapper , songwriter and TV-host . Born to Danish mother Susan Nygaard O'Conner and Irish father Dermot O'Conner . He started his career in 1995 together with Chadi Abdul-Karim ( C.A.K. ) , when they started the group Alzheimer Klinikken . Two years later they released their first demotape `` Respekten Stinker '' ( The Respekt Stinks ) . L.O.C. 's popularity made his group projekt B.A.N.G.E.R.S rise to quite the recognition in 1999 when they released the EP `` V.I.P. '' . The group projekt consisted of , further than L.O.C. , the Danish rappers USO , Marc Johnson and DJ Rescue . L.O.C. also formed the Danish Hip-Hop group F.I.P. in collaboration with Danish producers Rune Rask and Troo.L.S from Danish rap group Suspekt L.O.C. quickly gained a greater popularity in 2001 with his debut album `` Dominologi '' . In 2003 L.O.C. released the album `` Inkarneret '' , which went platinum in 2004 , with over 60.000 copies sold . His third album , `` Cassiopeia '' , was released in 2005 and amongst other , contained the hit single `` Du Gør Mig '' ( You Make Me ) . His fourth album `` Melankolia / XXX Couture '' was released March 17 , 2008 and sold over 20.000 copies in the first week . The single `` XXX Coture '' was made Danish Radio 's Program 3 ( P3 ) ` inevitable song of the week ' and won the `` Album of The Year '' - price at The Danish Music Awards in 2009 . L.O.C. has with his first four albums sold over 150.000 copies , which makes him the best selling rapper in Denmark . In 2009 L.O.C. formed the group Selvmord in collaboration with the Danish rap group Suspekt . They released their first album with the self title `` Selvmord '' ( Suicide ) which became an instant success and went gold and also contained the hit single `` Råbe Under Vand '' ( Yell Under Water ) . L.O.C. 's fifth album `` Libertiner '' was released in 2011 and won `` Danish Urban Realse of The Year '' at Danish Music Awards 2011 . `` Libertiner '' was also in the top ten of the most sold albums in Denmark in 2011 . In 2012 L.O.C. created his own record company SGMD , which is an akronym for `` SelvGjortMillionærDrøm '' ( SelfMadeMillionaireDream ) and started a cooperative deal with the telecommunications company TDC A/S , which distributed and promoted his sixth album `` Prestige , Paranoia , Persona Vol . 1 '' . The album was put up for free download the first five weeks and on was downloaded over 100.000 times on the release date alone . Oktober 1. , 2012 L.O.C. 's seventh album , `` Prestige , Paranoia , Persona Vol . 2 '' was released in cooperation with Danish Red Cross whom received all profits from the sales In 2011 L.O.C. was one of the judges in TV2 's adaptation of the music competition Voice . He coached Kim Wagner , who won the contest . He was furthermore also a judge in season two of the same program . Since 2008 L.O.C. has been in a relationship with Danish actor and TV-host Cristiane Schaumburg-Müller and were married on December 22. , 2012 at Valdemars Castle in Denmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f23a0854e02fbae53d9a5557894870c", "text": "Buckwild Anthony Best ( born March 20 ) ( better known by his stage name Buckwild ) is an American hip hop producer from The Bronx borough of New York City . He is a member of Diggin ' in the Crates Crew along with Lord Finesse , Showbiz and A.G. , Diamond D , Fat Joe , Big L , and O.C. . He has produced a number of tracks , including The Notorious B.I.G. 's `` I Got a Story to Tell '' and Black Rob 's `` Whoa ! '' . In 2013 , he was described by HipHopDX as `` one of Hip Hop 's most prolific and acclaimed producers '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
722a89a3a31e49c1ff8a54f8af0f2e1a	Gone Girl is a film.	[ { "docid": "6649bf2ae584922cf150e03c6e6d7c49", "text": "Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 American psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher and written by Gillian Flynn , based on her 2012 novel of the same name . The film stars Ben Affleck , Rosamund Pike , Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry . Set in Southwest Missouri , the story begins as a mystery that follows the events surrounding Nick Dunne ( Affleck ) , who becomes the primary suspect in the sudden disappearance of his wife , Amy ( Pike ) . The film had its world premiere on opening night of the 52nd New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before a nationwide theatrical release on October 3 . It was received well critically and was a commercial success , grossing $ 369 million , making it the highest-grossing film by Fincher . Rosamund Pike 's performance was particularly praised , and she received nominations for an Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress . Further nominations included a Golden Globe Award for Best Director for Fincher and Golden Globe Award , BAFTA Award and Critics ' Choice Award nominations for Flynn 's adapted screenplay , receiving the award for the latter .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1530fcb1c2254733bb48d11ee7f3425f", "text": "China Girl (1942 film) China Girl is a 1942 drama film which follows the exploits of a newsreel photographer in China and Burma against the backdrop of World War II . The film was directed by Henry Hathaway , and stars Gene Tierney , George Montgomery , Lynn Bari and Victor McLaglen . It is also known as A Yank In China , Burma Road and Over The Burma Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5123b9a36bc7e402648c34539522dedb", "text": "Since You Went Away Since You Went Away is a 1944 American film directed by John Cromwell for Selznick International Pictures and distributed by United Artists . It is an epic about the American home front during World War II that was adapted and produced by David O. Selznick from the 1943 novel Since You Went Away : Letters to a Soldier from His Wife by Margaret Buell Wilder . The music score was by Max Steiner and the cinematography by Stanley Cortez , Lee Garmes , George Barnes ( uncredited ) and Robert Bruce ( uncredited ) . The movie is set in a mid-sized American town , where people with loved ones in the armed forces try to cope with their changed circumstances and make their own contributions to the war effort . The town is near a military base , and some of the characters are troops serving Stateside . Though famously sentimental in places , Since You Went Away is somber at times about the effects of war on ordinary people . Some characters on the homefront are dealing with grief , loneliness , or fear for the future . Wounded and disabled troops are shown in the hospital scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1c2aecf6613805d89474b3ef863e0d", "text": "Development girl A d-girl ( a.k.a. development girl ) is a non-influential , entry-level staffer in a film production company . Responsibilities include : finding and identifying story ideas worthy of adaptation into a script , and potentially a feature film ; and writing script coverage for scripts submitted to the production company . In Hollywood 's movie industry , a d-girl is the opposite of `` player '' . Category : Film production", "title": "" }, { "docid": "790d44f347a02e310407ace722774f77", "text": "Country Girl Country Girl may refer to : Country Girl ( memoir ) , a memoir by Edna O'Brien `` Country Girl '' ( Primal Scream song ) , 2006 `` Country Girl '' ( Faron Young song ) , 1959 `` Country Girl ( Shake It for Me ) '' , a 2011 song by Luke Bryan Country Girl ( Dottie West album ) , 1968 Country Girl ( Olivia Newton-John album ) , 1998 `` Country Girl '' , a song by Crosby , Stills , Nash , and Young from Déjà Vu `` Country Girl '' , a song by Black Sabbath from Mob Rules `` Country Girl '' , a charting single for Jeannie C. Riley in 1970 which appears on her Generation Gap album `` Country Girl '' , a song by Nazareth from Nazareth `` Country Girl '' , a single by Brinsley Schwarz which appears on their Despite It All album", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aee8071e7602258b9fa81f7802b3e511", "text": "The Girl from Trieste La Ragazza di Trieste , internationally released as The Girl from Trieste , is a 1982 Italian romance-drama film directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile and based on a novel with the same name written by the same Festa Campanile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4281e83125f8343bb4b90129936294da", "text": "Go Ask Alice Go Ask Alice is a 1971 fiction book about a teenage girl who develops a drug habit at age 15 , runs away from home , and eventually dies of a drug overdose . Attributed to `` Anonymous '' , the book is in diary form , and was originally presented as being the edited `` real diary '' of the unnamed teenage protagonist . Questions about the book 's authenticity and true authorship began to arise in the late 1970s , and it is now generally viewed as a work of fiction written by Beatrice Sparks , a therapist and author who went on to write numerous other books purporting to be real diaries of troubled teenagers . Some sources have also named Linda Glovach as a co-author of the book . Intended for a young adult audience , Go Ask Alice became a widely popular bestseller . It was initially praised for conveying a powerful message about the dangers of drug abuse , but more recently has been criticized as poorly written anti-drug propaganda and also as a literary hoax . Nevertheless , its popularity has endured , and as of 2014 it had remained continuously in print since its publication over four decades earlier . Go Ask Alice has also ranked among the most frequently challenged books for several decades due to its use of profanity and explicit references to sex and rape , as well as drugs . The book was adapted into the 1973 television film Go Ask Alice , starring Jamie Smith-Jackson and William Shatner . In 1976 , a stage play of the same name , written by Frank Shiras and based on the book , was also published .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2caf17a8b7232d1a785ae7f91c6fb9fb", "text": "Missing Girls Missing Girls is a 1936 American film directed by Phil Rosen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907c6b7233e1e24c83843a55d64e7cdf", "text": "Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs . Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f70846c000de5e23eb8da0cfee94fc8", "text": "Girls (band) Girls was an American indie rock band , formed in San Francisco in 2007 . The band comprised two key members : Christopher Owens , songwriter and lead singer , and Chet `` JR '' White , who played bass and produced . Girls ' sound was heavily inspired by the music of the 1950s , 1960s and 1970s , with their sound being described as lo-fi , surf rock , rock and roll , psychedelic rock , pop rock , country rock and garage rock . Girls ' debut full-length , Album , was released in 2009 to critical acclaim . Its 2011 follow-up , Father , Son , Holy Ghost , was also well-received . On July 2 , 2012 , Owens announced that he was leaving the band and would continue to record as a solo artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45cc6edb5f84c8e02fc6fa0452d1d471", "text": "Soldier Girls Soldier Girls is a 1981 documentary film by Nick Broomfield and Joan Churchill about several women training in the US army . Under the aggressive Sergeant Abing are several young women , some dedicated to defending their country , others who seem to have been forced into joining by circumstance . Several of these recruits become harder and colder through the course of their basic training at Fort Gordon . Excerpts from the film are used in U2 's song `` Seconds '' on their third album , War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43072d6605125001a850d907c6edbfb7", "text": "Girls Gone Wild (film) Girls Gone Wild was a 1929 American melodrama film produced and released by Fox Film Corporation . The film was controversial as an early example of the rising tide of violence and disrespect for the law that would become key themes in the 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3cd54fe313bf4a4bdd987479c0a3f5", "text": "Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other . After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film . The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights . However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e746cb155f0ab8deee272c255f5e2b68", "text": "Global Digital News Global Digital News ( GDN ) is a fake news venture group . GDN `` released '' a `` news story '' supposedly by a local news station involving a string of homicides that took place on several islands throughout the South Pacific . In the videos , GDN speculated that the killings were related , and the story was picked up by several media news outlets . The series of reports was referred to as `` perfect getaways gone wrong , '' referencing the fact that murder victims were vacationing couples . Four reports total have been completed on the series . As of August 4 , 2009 , the network 's YouTube channel was linked to from an ad on YouTube 's homepage for `` A Perfect Getaway '' , an upcoming movie , causing many people to suspect that the entire network is only a marketing scheme for the movie . Although these suspicions are confirmed by performing a whois search on the `` official site '' , they are the truth . The registered owner of globaldigitalnews.org is Universal City Studios , better known as Universal Studios , a wholly owned subsidiary of NBC Universal , a distributor and production company on the upcoming film under the subsidiary Rogue Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3c673983155274d991e48586ab93d5", "text": "List of accolades received by Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher , and produced by Leslie Dixon , Bruna Papandrea , Arnon Milchan , Reese Witherspoon , Ceán Chaffin , and Joshua Donen . The screenplay was adapted by Gillian Flynn from her eponymous 2012 novel . Set in Missouri , United States , the film stars Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne , a writer who becomes the prime suspect in the mysterious disappearance of his wife Amy , played by Rosamund Pike . Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry feature in supporting roles . The score was composed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross . Gone Girl premiered at the New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before 20th Century Fox gave the film a wide release at over 3,000 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 3 . It grossed over $ 368 million on a production budget of $ 61 million . As of June 2016 , Gone Girl is Fincher 's highest-grossing film . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 295 reviews and judged 88 % to be positive . Gone Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , Pike 's lead acting performance , Flynn 's screenplay , and its score . At the 87th Academy Awards , Pike received a nomination for Best Actress . The film received four nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards : Best Director for Fincher , Best Actress in a Drama for Pike , Best Screenplay for Flynn , and Best Original Score . Pike won the Empire Award for Best Actress , and garnered nominations in the same category at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and 68th British Academy Film Awards ( BAFTAs ) . She also received the Breakthrough Performance Award from the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Flynn was nominated at the BAFTAs , as well as the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6831d5a25729253ade8c13f4627262", "text": "The Girls (1961 film) The Girls ( -LSB- Девчата , Devchata -RSB- ) is a 1961 Soviet romantic comedy directed by Yuri Chulyukin based on a screenplay by Boris Bednyj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bc66dd157864e1592094b1e60592e92", "text": "Girl Rising (film) Girl Rising is a movie produced by Kayce Freed , Tom Yellin and Holly Gordon at The Documentary Group in partnership with Paul G. Allen and Jody Allen of Vulcan Productions . It was directed by Academy Award nominee Richard E. Robbins and features narration by Anne Hathaway , Cate Blanchett , Selena Gomez , Liam Neeson , Priyanka Chopra , Chloë Grace Moretz , Freida Pinto , Salma Hayek , Meryl Streep , Alicia Keys and Kerry Washington . The movie tells the stories of nine girls from nine countries : ( Sierra Leone , Haiti , Ethiopia , Afghanistan , Peru , Egypt , Nepal , India and Cambodia ) . Each girl had her story written by a writer from her country and voiced by renowned actors . Their stories reflect their struggles to overcome societal or cultural barriers . The writers are Loung Ung ( Cambodia ) , Edwidge Danticat ( Haiti ) , Manjushree Thapa ( Nepal ) , Mona Eltahawy ( Egypt ) , Maaza Mengiste ( Ethiopia ) , Sooni Taraporevala ( India ) , Maria Arana ( Peru ) , Aminatta Forna ( Sierra Leone ) , Zarghuna Kargar ( Afghanistan ) . The girls ' names are Sokha ( Cambodia ) , Wadley ( Haiti ) , Suma ( Nepal ) , Yasmin ( Egypt ) , Azmera ( Ethiopia ) , Ruksana ( India ) , Senna ( Peru ) , Mariama ( Sierra Leone ) and Amina ( Afghanistan ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b53e328a8b53304fc43852c9454b5c93", "text": "Driving a Girl to Destruction Driving a Girl to Destruction is an Australian film directed by George Marlow . It is considered a lost film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22e95ea3508761cb3d5f66ab2a67e484", "text": "Gone Gone may refer to :", "title": "" } ]	fever
c34755eaaca8c22e0afaa654f2338c90	Keanu Reeves was in the movie My Own Private Idaho.	[ { "docid": "73fa54084f1f6a841e01e4c7ab5f26da", "text": "Keanu Reeves Keanu Charles Reeves ( -LSB- kiːˈɑːnuː -RSB- ; born September 2 , 1964 ) is a Canadian actor , director , producer , and musician . Reeves is best known for his acting career , beginning in 1985 and spanning more than three decades . He gained fame for his starring role performances in several blockbuster films including comedies from the Bill and Ted franchise ( 1989 -- 1991 ) ; action thrillers Point Break ( 1991 ) , Speed ( 1994 ) , and the John Wick franchise ; psychological thriller The Devil 's Advocate ( 1997 ) ; supernatural thriller Constantine ( 2005 ) ; and science fiction/action series The Matrix ( 1999 -- 2003 ) . He has also appeared in dramatic films such as Dangerous Liaisons ( 1988 ) , My Own Private Idaho ( 1991 ) , and Little Buddha ( 1993 ) , as well as the romantic horror Bram Stoker 's Dracula ( 1992 ) . Since becoming active in the film industry , Reeves has earned critical acclaim . One New York Times critic praised Reeves ' versatility , saying that he `` displays considerable discipline and range ... he moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles '' . However , Reeves has spent much of his later career being typecast . A recurring character arc in many roles he has portrayed is one of saving the world , as can be seen in the characters of Ted Logan , Buddha , Neo , Johnny Mnemonic , John Constantine , and Klaatu . His acting has garnered several awards , including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . During his film career , Reeves has engaged in several forms of artistic expression . Active as a musician for over a decade , he played bass guitar for the bands Dogstar and Becky . Acting onstage , he performed as Prince Hamlet for the Manitoba Theatre Centre 's production of Hamlet . He wrote the text for a picture book , Ode to Happiness , illustrated by Alexandra Grant . He has also produced a documentary , Side by Side , and directed the martial arts film Man of Tai Chi .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6b8a28b694c093fcc7a49848747b253d", "text": "Country Style, USA Country Style , USA is a series of 15-minute radio and film programs produced by the US Army as a recruiting aid from 1957 to 1960 featuring top American country music artists . Each year 13 episodes were produced in Nashville , Tennessee , and distributed to local radio and TV stations . Among the hosts were Jody McCrea and Charlie Applewhite . Artists featured on the shows included Johnny Cash , Moon Mullican , and Jim Reeves . The programs were produced by Owen Bradley and his brother Harold . They should not be confused with the 1950 DuMont TV series , Country Style . The series was released on DVD by season in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68ab5a21d7761e2d6929d8e22b926889", "text": "Steel (1979 film) Steel is a 1979 drama film starring and executive produced by Lee Majors . It was filmed in Lexington , Kentucky and the surrounding Fayette County . The film was directed by Steve Carver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86b18dfe61ab6fbe6f85db1241ac2a0d", "text": "A Long Ride from Hell A Long Ride from Hell , in the original Italian known as Vivo per la tua morte ( literally `` I Live For Your Death ! '' ) , is a 1968 film directed by Camillo Bazzoni . It was based on the novel Judas Gun by Gordon D. Shirreffs . The film was bodybuilder Steve Reeves ' final film prior to his retirement . Reeves financed the film himself upon seeing the successful box office returns of the Clint Eastwood spaghetti westerns at the time , but the film did poorly and Reeves retired from filmmaking that year . Reeves portrays cowboy Mike Sturges , who , along with his younger brother , Roy , are sentenced to Yuma Penitentiary on a trumped-up train robbery charge . Both endure cruel treatment before Mike escapes to exact revenge on their enemies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bf480669bdcac2ef483cd2d12ee448b", "text": "Sleeper (1973 film) Sleeper is a 1973 American futuristic science fiction comedy film , directed by Woody Allen and written by Allen and Marshall Brickman . The plot involves the adventures of the owner of a health food store who is cryogenically frozen in 1973 and defrosted 200 years later in an ineptly led police state . The film contains many elements which parody notable works of science fiction and was made as a tribute to comedians Groucho Marx and Bob Hope .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4729e967c5ceb9a2b7d2f37195f56061", "text": "The Magnificent Adventures of Heartache The Magnificent Adventures of Heartache ( full title The Magnificent Adventures of Heartache -LSB- And Other Frightening Tales ... -RSB- ) is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter and musician Jason Reeves . The album was self-released in 2007 on the label abeautifularmyoftrees in the United States and later was re-released under Warner Bros. . Records on July 31 , 2008 . Recording and production for the album took place during 2006 and 2007 at the Revolver recording studio in Westlake Village , CA with producer Mikal Blue , as well as at The Backyard Studios with producer Stuart Brawley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0233b3676821868a46809438350d06f9", "text": "The Palm Beach Story The Palm Beach Story is a 1942 romantic screwball comedy film written and directed by Preston Sturges , and starring Claudette Colbert , Joel McCrea , Mary Astor and Rudy Vallée . Victor Young contributed the lively musical score , including a fast-paced variation of the William Tell Overture for the opening scenes . Typical of a Sturges movie , the pacing and dialogue of The Palm Beach Story are very fast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3780692b2a090cdae09f43702d525d4a", "text": "That Championship Season (1982 film) That Championship Season is Jason Miller 's 1982 film version of his 1973 Pulitzer Prize winning Broadway play of the same name . It stars Robert Mitchum , Martin Sheen , Bruce Dern , Stacy Keach and Paul Sorvino and was filmed on location in Scranton , Pennsylvania where it is set . In 1999 , Sorvino directed an adaptation of the play for Showtime in which he played Mitchum 's role as the coach . This version co-starred Vincent D'Onofrio , Gary Sinise , Tony Shalhoub and Terry Kinney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e6fef7f1fb5ec89a3ca81271f52ca9", "text": "Private Channel `` Private Channel '' is the third segment of the thirty-third episode and the ninth episode of the second season ( 1986 -- 87 ) of the television series The Twilight Zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1cf615c328ce07f6a452ae0f58c75d", "text": "The Garage (1920 film) The Garage is a 1920 American short comedy film starring Buster Keaton and Roscoe `` Fatty '' Arbuckle . It was directed by Arbuckle himself . The film was also known as Fire Chief . This was the fourteenth film starring the duo . The film also stars Luke the Dog who starred in many other short comedies starring Keaton and Arbuckle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c976d65b495d1cfb59ff33ab6802bcdd", "text": "Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver . The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels . Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans . The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb", "text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc44239d6ab94c62e139e928ed9470e1", "text": "Idaho wine Idaho wine refers to wine made from the U.S. state of Idaho . Idaho has a long history of wine production with the first vineyards in the Pacific Northwest being planted here in the 1860s . Like in other areas Prohibition in the United States virtually wiped out the Idaho wine industry in the early twentieth century only to have it resurrected again in the 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f218a4236657cf351120ac0a643cdb", "text": "In Old Oklahoma In Old Oklahoma ( reissued as War of the Wildcats ) is a 1943 American Western film directed by Albert S. Rogell starring John Wayne and Martha Scott . The film was nominated for two Academy Awards , one for Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture and the other for Sound Recording ( Daniel J. Bloomberg ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a606f16873a82b6cf613a4dc1174e58", "text": "Sun Valley Opera House The Sun Valley Opera House was built in 1937 in Sun Valley , Idaho , as a movie theater . The picturesque Opera House has a 344-seat capacity and a state-of-the-art sound system ( installed in 1999 ) . It is the site for special events and as well as nightly showing of first-run movies . It is located in the Sun Valley Village , near the Sun Valley Lodge and Sun Valley Inn . During the summer and winter seasons , the 1941 movie `` Sun Valley Serenade '' is shown free of charge daily at 5:00 pm . At other times of the year it is shown free of charge at 4:30 pm on Tuesdays , Thursdays , and Sundays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40e5b52112a3fd44a22b1b671717a260", "text": "Keefe Brasselle Keefe Brasselle ( February 7 , 1923 -- July 7 , 1981 ) was an American film actor , television actor/producer and author . He is best remembered for the starring role in The Eddie Cantor Story ( 1953 ) . The film was a response to the wildly successful The Jolson Story and Jolson Sings Again starring Larry Parks . The Eddie Cantor Story , however , could not equal the success of the Jolson films and Brasselle 's career did not launch as anticipated . In 1953 , Braselle hosted an episode of The Colgate Comedy Hour with comedian/dancer Dick Wesson as a promotional tie-in for the film . In 1956 , Braselle married the singer Arlene DeMarco ( 28 January 1933 -- 19 February 2013 ) . They divorced in 1967 . Brasselle had a close friendship with CBS executive James Aubrey . Brasselle started his own production company and Aubrey granted Brasselle 's company three television series without any previous script , pitch or pilots . The insider-chicanery resulted in a lawsuit against Aubrey and Brasselle launched by CBS shareholders . There were rumors that Aubrey had no choice in the matter due to threats from the Mafia , with which Brasselle was known to be connected . In 1961 , an Edison Township , New Jersey nightclub owned by Brasselle burned under suspicious circumstances . Fire officials came across six empty cans of gasoline at the scene , while their caps and spouts were found separately in a paper bag . In the summer of 1963 , Brasselle starred in a summer replacement series for The Garry Moore Show . Called The Keefe Brasselle Show , the program featured actress Ann B. Davis as herself in three episodes . During the 1964-1965 season , Brasselle 's `` Richelieu Productions '' banner produced three new but untested series : The Baileys of Balboa , The Cara Williams Show , and The Reporter , starring Harry Guardino . Those series suffered from poor ratings . Aubrey was removed as president of CBS Television in February 1965 after a long court battle . Brasselle later wrote a novel that was a thinly disguised account of his relationship with Aubrey and the network , The CanniBalS ( 1968 ) , followed by a sequel , The Barracudas ( 1973 ) , in which he attacked several showbiz figures he 'd worked with , including comedian Jack Benny .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "514d590303218fe51ffe6d956018732a", "text": "The Virginian (1946 film) The Virginian is a 1946 American Western film directed by Stuart Gilmore and starring Joel McCrea , Brian Donlevy , Sonny Tufts , and Barbara Britton . Based on the Owen Wister novel of the same name , the film was adapted from the popular 1904 theatrical play Wister had collaborated on with playwright Kirke La Shelle . The Virginian is about an eastern school teacher who comes to Medicine Bow in Wyoming and encounters life on the frontier . The film is a remake of the 1929 movie with Gary Cooper and Walter Huston . There have been several versions of the story , beginning with a 1914 film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and including a 1960s television series that bore little relation to the book other than the title . The film was originally distributed by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc6b2a77ab21a89178eea5b2a6bfbbdf", "text": "Duncan Idaho Duncan Idaho is a fictional character in the Dune universe created by Frank Herbert . Introduced in the first novel of the series , 1965 's Dune , the character became a breakout character as the readers liked him and was revived by Herbert in 1969 's Dune Messiah . He is the only character to feature in all six of Herbert 's original Dune novels . Idaho was portrayed by Richard Jordan in David Lynch 's 1984 film version of Dune , and by James Watson in the 2000 Sci-Fi Channel miniseries . Edward Atterton assumed the role in the 2003 miniseries Children of Dune .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fb5c1a14597fefbcf2d0ece2d60798a", "text": "Idaho Potato Commission The Idaho Potato Commission ( IPC ) is a self-governing agency of the state of Idaho that was established in 1937 as the Idaho Fruit and Vegetable Advertising Commission . Its primary responsibility is to promote the Idaho potato and protect the `` Grown in Idaho '' seal through advertising , public relations , promotions and other marketing initiatives . It also supports various research projects that benefit all Idaho potato industry members . The commission introduced the `` Grown in Idaho '' seal in 1959 to help elevate the visibility of Idaho potatoes and has become a symbol consumers actively look for when purchasing potato products . Idaho potatoes are the best selling potato and are one of the most recognized and respected brand names in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc08b670381982b45e9a3bc34d5d9d91", "text": "The Devil's Advocate (1997 film) The Devil 's Advocate ( marketed as Devil 's Advocate ) is a 1997 American supernatural drama thriller film based on Andrew Neiderman 's novel of the same name . It is directed by Taylor Hackford , and stars Keanu Reeves , Al Pacino and Charlize Theron . The film 's title is a reference to the commonly used phrase `` devil 's advocate '' , and Pacino 's character is named after the author of Paradise Lost , John Milton . The movie has some minor allusions to Milton 's epic , such as the famous quotation `` Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
0479326ea7e3377dda08369236be9fe3	James Bond is a series of 24 spy films.	[ { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e21bb1cad219d8765336b60b9b5d19bc", "text": "Classified (Bond album) Classified is the third studio album and fourth overall album released through Decca Records by the classical crossover string quartet Bond . Lead single `` Explosive '' was released as a double A-side with a different version of `` Highly Strung . '' This updated version featured on the special edition of `` Classified . '' Popular worldwide , Classified found success in Australia where it went double platinum . `` Explosive '' was also picked to be the Australian theme for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games . `` Explosive '' is also used regularly during New York Rangers ice hockey games at Madison Square Garden as the intermission music prior to a shootout , should the game reach that phase . In Japan , a Special Edition with different artwork was released . It features three bonus tracks ( Caravan , Carmina & Sugarplum ) which were later feature on their greatest hits album Explosive : The Best of Bond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5531049afbcda49a812771e4a71d4830", "text": "Colonel March of Scotland Yard Colonel March of Scotland Yard is a 1950s British television series based on author John Dickson Carr 's ( aka Carter Dickson ) fictional detective Colonel March from his book The Department of Queer Complaints ( 1940 ) . Carr was a mystery author who specialised in locked-room whodunnits and other ` impossible ' crimes : murder mysteries that seemed to defy possibility . The stories of the television series followed in the same vein with Detective March solving cases that baffle Scotland Yard and the British police . The department itself is sometimes referred to as `` D3 '' . Boris Karloff starred as Colonel March . The series was made at Southall Studios in Middlesex , England ( and , later , Nettlefold Studios in Walton-on-Thames , England ) was produced by Fountain Films for ITV . Karloff and his wife Evelyn sailed to England in July , 1952 , where Karloff filmed 3 different pilot episodes to show TV executives . While awaiting a decision to go ahead with more episodes , the three pilots were combined into a 1953 feature film called Colonel March Investigates . In 1953 , Karloff returned to England to film 23 more episodes , making a total of 26 , then returned to Hollywood to film Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ( 1953 ) . The Colonel March series premiered in 1956 with a total of 26 episodes . ( It was broadcast from Feb. 1 , 1956 through April 1 , 1957 , which included a number of rerun episodes . ) It began running in the United States in February , seven months before British viewers got to see it . The show starred Boris Karloff as the urbane , tweed wearing , eye-patched sleuth . No reason was ever given for the loss of his left eye . ( In some close-ups , it is evident that Karloff sometimes wore an eyepatch with a dark gauze area in the centre , presumably to allow him to still see through it . ) Other regular actors included Ewan Roberts as Inspector Ames of Scotland Yard and Eric Pohlmann as Inspector Goron of the Paris Sûreté . ( In the episode The Second Mona Lisa , Pohlmann played a Middle Eastern character called The Emir . ) Roberts ' Scottish accent grows stronger as the series progresses from plummy English in the first dozen episodes to full on Scottish burr for the second dozen . Only twelve episodes of the series still exist as prints in the original 35 mm format , with the rest surviving at 16 mm prints . Although he is referred to on numerous websites including IMDb as Perceval March , the name on his office door clearly states `` D3 Colonel A. L. March '' . In the episode The Silver Curtain , March tells a doctor that his first names are `` Perceval Clovis Adlebare '' although he is stalling to gain information from the doctor . He then says his occupation is the study of unusual crime , which is true , so that could also be admitting his real name . This may explain why in a later episode , Hot Money , the sign on the door was changed to read `` D. 3 . COL. MARCH '' . The opening title sequence showed Colonel March taking off his coat in his office and writing the title of each episode in a book . This then dissolves to an image of an object from within the following story , what Alfred Hitchcock would call a MacGuffin , a fairly unimportant plot device that starts the story rolling and/or keeps it moving along . Often it 's a murder weapon or an item of clothing . Sometimes its relevance is a mystery until it is revealed later in the episode . Other episodes , such as in The Headless Hat , show the item that the episode is named after . The episodes The Talking Head uses the complete version of the original theme tune during the end credits . It was usually truncated and faded up whilst some way through . The show 's slightly mysterious and threatening theme tune was changed for the episodes Error at Daybreak and The Silver Curtain to a piece of jaunty , faster paced music that had originally been used in previous episodes to accompany shots of a busy city . Other guest actors in the series include Christopher Lee , Patrick Barr , Hugh Griffith , Marne Maitland ( twice ) , Joan Sims , Anthony Newley , Patricia Owens , George Coulouris , Anton Diffring , Martin Benson , Zena Marshall , Mary Parker and Robert Brown . The episode Death and the Other Monkey features a small acting part by future film director John Schlesinger as a Dutch ship 's captain . The episode Error at Daybreak features a performance from the then 10 year old actor Richard O'Sullivan who later went on to star in Robin 's Nest and several other ITV series . As of July 2016 all 26 episodes we available for streaming on the UK Amazon Prime platform . As of September 2016 the series was being screened on UK television channels Talking Pictures TV and London Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "769b58c3f85120b33ad3867830f808ab", "text": "For Your Eyes Only (soundtrack) For Your Eyes Only is the soundtrack for the 12th James Bond film of the same name . The theme song was written by Bill Conti ( music ) and Michael Leeson ( lyrics ) , and performed by Sheena Easton . The song was later nominated for both an Academy Award and Golden Globe in 1982 . Easton also made Bond film history as the first ( and , to date , only ) artist to perform the theme song on-screen during the opening title sequence . Originally , the band Blondie was approached to write and perform the theme song for the film . They produced a song also called For Your Eyes Only that they turned in to the producers , however , this was rejected because the company wanted the Conti song and the band refused , and subsequently asked Easton to record an entirely new theme . Blondie eventually released their song on the 1982 album The Hunter . The track Make It Last All Night , performed by Rage and used for the scene at hitman Gonzales ' Spanish poolside , is notable for lyrics more suggestive than in almost any other Bond film . The soundtrack was composed by Bill Conti , since the series ' regular composer , John Barry , was unable to work in the UK for tax reasons ( he , like many high earning Britons , had become a tax exile in the 1970s ) . Barry had recommended Conti as a possible alternative . Conti 's score is notable for its use of disco elements ( which prompted Danny Biederman to write in the liner notes to the two-CD releaseThe Best of James Bond : 30th Anniversary Limited Edition , `` Conti 's largely disco-styled score feels more like a celebration of the music of the moment than a score of durability '' ) . During the main ski chase sequence ( the track Runaway ) , Conti showed that he had versed himself in the previous Bond films ' music , as his manages to evoke memories of the music from previous ski action in both OHMSS and The Spy Who Loved Me . This , Conti 's only contribution to the series to date , was released as an album concurrent with the film 's release and later on a bootleg compact disc in combination with John Barry 's music from Octopussy . When the soundtrack was officially released on CD in the year 2000 , six bonus tracks were added that further showed Conti 's versatile approach to the film , aiding the production in its return to a tougher , more realistic James Bond . Not released but also heard in the film is a brief homage to John Williams ' familiar theme from Jaws , when an unseen underwater horror ( it is revealed to be an attacker in a J.I.M. diving suit ) approaches within the sunken ship . This was the third Bond film in a row to wittily include familiar music from a classic film . Additionally , notes from the title song to The Spy Who Loved Me , `` Nobody Does It Better '' , can be heard as the tones of a key code for a security door early in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e6d168786dfaa5f03b91d2be3743d50", "text": "GoldenEye (soundtrack) GoldenEye is the soundtrack to the 17th James Bond film of the same name and was composed by Éric Serra . It was released by EMI on November 14 , 1995 . Serra composed and performed a number of synthesizer tracks , including the radically reworked version of the James Bond Theme that plays during the gun barrel sequence , while John Altman and David Arch provided the more traditional symphonic music . The producers hired composer John Altman to write a more traditional , orchestral score piece for the tank-chase scene in St. Petersburg . Serra 's original , unused track for that sequence can still be found on the soundtrack album as A Pleasant Drive in St. Petersburg . The theme song `` GoldenEye '' was written by Bono and The Edge of rock band U2 and was performed by Tina Turner . The song was later covered by Nicole Scherzinger for the 2010 remastering of the GoldenEye 007 video game . The Swedish pop band Ace of Base was also involved at one point , producing a different theme song -- also called `` GoldenEye '' -- which does not appear in the film or soundtrack . This song was later released with slightly revised lyrics as `` The Juvenile '' on their 2002 album Da Capo , replacing the word `` GoldenEye '' with `` Juvenille '' . The soundtrack does not feature the comedic rendition of the Tammy Wynette song `` Stand By Your Man '' from the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8f633df7110a51878a96762077d6424", "text": "The World Is Not Enough (novel) The World Is Not Enough , published in 1999 , is the fifth novel by Raymond Benson featuring Ian Fleming 's secret agent , James Bond based on the 1999 film of the same name . It was only the second James Bond novel copyrighted by Ian Fleming Publications ( formerly Glidrose Publications ) . It was published in the United Kingdom by Hodder & Stoughton and in the United States by Putnam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6298f178a3a77db91a45a8a1ba4247ad", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock filmography Alfred Hitchcock ( 1899 -- 1980 ) was an English director and filmmaker . Popularly known as the `` Master of Suspense '' for his use of innovative film techniques in thrillers , Hitchcock started his career in the British film industry as a title designer and art director for a number of silent films during the early 1920s . His directorial debut was the 1925 release The Pleasure Garden . Hitchcock followed this with The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog , his first commercial and critical success . It featured many of the thematic elements his films would be known for such as an innocent man on the run . It also featured the first of his famous cameo appearances . Two years later he directed Blackmail ( 1929 ) which was his first sound film . In 1935 Hitchcock directed The 39 Steps . Three years later he directed The Lady Vanishes starring Margaret Lockwood , and Michael Redgrave . In 1940 Hitchcock transitioned to Hollywood productions , the first of which was the psychological thriller Rebecca starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine . He received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director , and the film won Best Picture . Hitchcock worked with Fontaine again the following year on the film Suspicion which also starred Cary Grant . In 1943 Hitchcock directed another psychological thriller Shadow of a Doubt which starred Teresa Wright and Joseph Cotten . Three years later he reunited with Grant on Notorious which also starred Ingrid Bergman . The film included a three minute intermittent kissing scene between the leads shot specifically to skirt the Motion Picture Production Code which at the time limited such scenes to three seconds . In 1948 Hitchcock directed Rope which starred James Stewart . The film was his first in Technicolor and is remembered for its use of long takes to make the film appear to be a single continuous shot . Three years later he directed Strangers on a Train ( 1951 ) . Hitchcock collaborated with Grace Kelly on three films : Dial M for Murder ( 1954 ) , Rear Window ( 1954 ) and To Catch a Thief ( 1955 ) . For Rear Window , Hitchcock received a nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards . 1955 marked his debut on television as the host of the anthology television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents which he also produced . In 1958 Hitchcock directed the psychological thriller Vertigo starring Stewart and Kim Novak . The film topped the 2012 poll of the British film magazine Sight & Sound of the 50 Greatest Films of All Time and also topped the American Film Institute 's Top Ten in the mystery genre . He followed this with the spy thriller North by Northwest ( 1959 ) which starred Grant and Eva Marie Saint . In 1960 he directed Psycho , the biggest commercial success of his career and for which he received his fifth nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards . Three years later he directed horror film The Birds starring Tippi Hedren . The following year he reunited with Hedren on the film Marnie which also starred Sean Connery . In recognition of his career , Hitchcock garnered the British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) Fellowship Award , the American Film Institute 's Life Achievement Award , the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award , the Directors Guild of America 's Lifetime Achievement Award and the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award . He received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame to acknowledge his film and television achievements . In 1980 Hitchcock received a knighthood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44be99bafd93ccaa7b8dedd2623daa6b", "text": "A View to a Kill (song) `` A View to a Kill '' is the thirteenth single by the English new wave band Duran Duran , released on 6 May 1985 . Written and recorded as the theme for the 1985 James Bond movie of the same name , it became one of the band 's biggest hits . It remains the only James Bond theme song to have reached number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 ; it also made it to number 2 for three weeks on the UK Singles Chart . In 1986 , composer John Barry and Duran Duran were nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for `` A View to a Kill '' . The song was the last track recorded by the most famous five member lineup of Duran Duran until their 2001 reunion . It was performed by the band at Live Aid in Philadelphia , their final performance together before their first split . Following Barry 's death , the band paid tribute as their encore at the 2011 Coachella Festival , Simon Le Bon reappearing in a tuxedo for a pared-down version backed by an orchestra , before launching into the full , upbeat track . Bassist John Taylor told the crowd : `` We lost a dear friend of ours this year -- English composer John Barry . This is for him . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "804db23614d605a8722d95b6e77599c3", "text": "British intelligence agencies The Government of the United Kingdom maintains intelligence agencies within several different government departments . The agencies are responsible for collecting and producing foreign and domestic intelligence , providing military intelligence , performing espionage and counter-espionage . Their intelligence assessments contribute to the conduct of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom , maintaining the national security of the United Kingdom , military planning and law enforcement in the United Kingdom . The three main agencies are the Secret Intelligence Service ( MI6 ) , the Security Service ( MI5 ) , and the Government Communications Headquarters . The history of the organisations goes back to the 19th century . The decryption of the Zimmermann Telegram in 1917 was described as the most significant intelligence triumph for Britain during World War I , and one of the earliest occasions on which a piece of signals intelligence influenced world events . During the Second World War and afterwards , many observers regarded Ultra as immensely valuable to the Allies of World War II . In the post-war period , intelligence cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States became the cornerstone of Western intelligence gathering and the `` Special Relationship '' between the UK and the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27bc73672c83f164023c12a5f8da51de", "text": "Spy Cables The Spy Cables are a series of leaked documents from global intelligence agencies that were published by Al Jazeera and The Guardian in 2015 . The documents date from 2006 to December 2014 and are largely derived from communications between South Africa 's State Security Agency and various agencies . Agencies included in the leaks include Israel 's Mossad , Russia 's FSB , and agencies from France , Jordan , Oman , the United Arab Emirates , the United Kingdom 's Secret Intelligence Service , the United States , and countries in Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca4a959a805a6efe4d87c12da2e9187d", "text": "Jane Blonde Jane Blonde is the eponymous heroine of the Jane Blonde series of young adult novels by Jill Marshall . Jane Blonde is a James Bondesque spy , who is sent on missions and equipped with ( often disguised ) gadgets . Reviewers have praised Marshall 's action sequences and pacing , but several have also expressed confusion stemming from the number of characters , many of whom assume multiple names , and some of the plot twists . Jane Blonde has been identified as both a parody of the James Bond books/films and a girl power instance of the spy adventure genre epitomized by the James Bond franchise ( rather than a parody proper ) . On May 11 , 2010 Jill Marshall announced that Sensational Spylet , the first book in the series , had been optioned by Bridge to Terabithia co-producer Tim Coddington , though it is unclear how Marshall 's current legal trouble has affected the possibility of a film adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a9f0ea9977696fe82ad689d23b81786", "text": "Bodyguards (TV series) Bodyguards is a British television crime drama/action series , broadcast on ITV , that focuses on the cases of a specialized bodyguard unit , the Close Protection Group , in service of the British government . The series starred Sean Pertwee and Louise Lombard as protagonists Ian Worrell and Liz Shaw . Pertwee 's father , Jon , notably also starred alongside a character called Liz Shaw , played by Caroline John , who was his first companion during his time playing the Third Doctor in Doctor Who . The series was the brainchild of Jeffrey Caine , known as the creator of The Chief and script editor of the James Bond movie GoldenEye . A total of seven episodes were broadcast : a feature-length pilot which aired in 1996 , which guest starred Josette Simon as a visiting dignitary , followed by a single series of six episodes in 1997 . The series has never been released on VHS or DVD , but was uploaded in full to YouTube in March 2016 by a member of the original production crew . The series was also broadcast by GBC TV ( Gibraltar ) as part of it 's relaunch in early 1999 . The series aired on Monday evenings at 9:30 pm , and the series received a full repeat run later on in the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13a994e6f9a5d5163460e07d1d0f854b", "text": "007 Legends 007 Legends is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of British secret agent James Bond . It was developed by Eurocom and released by Activision in October 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , November 2012 for Microsoft Windows and December 2012 for Wii U . The game is available as physical optical disc media , as well as a digital release download via PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Marketplace on date of release . It was removed off all other digital stores without warning . The PAL Wii U version of the game was released in some parts of Europe on 6 December 2012 , and in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2012 . The release was cancelled in Australia . The game was released to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the James Bond film series . To achieve this the single player campaign includes one mission from each of the six actors ' eras , being Goldfinger ( Sean Connery ) , On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( George Lazenby ) , Moonraker ( Roger Moore ) , Licence to Kill ( Timothy Dalton ) and Die Another Day ( Pierce Brosnan ) , with Skyfall ( Daniel Craig ) released as downloadable content for the Xbox 360 , PS3 and PC and included on disc for the Wii U version . Additionally , some of the original talent from the films add their likenesses and voices to their associated characters . 007 Legends is the fourth James Bond game title to be released by Activision , as well as the last game Eurocom developed before the company ceased operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f8898356e90296ff8a224044c804cff", "text": "Take Over (James Bond) Take Over is an unpublished 1970 James Bond novel purportedly written by Ian Fleming six years after his death . Spy author Donald McCormick believes this `` remarkable story '' is perhaps Ian Fleming 's strangest legacy . In 1970 a retired bank officer and his daughter who have never been identified claimed to have transcribed works from the `` great yonder '' by deceased authors . None of the works has ever been published .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0a358f675a3134302798e5f648c410", "text": "Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures . The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre . Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey . Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .", "title": "" } ]	fever
eb498c46e15e0b32777ffdaf4e09f53b	Barbados has a population of 280,121 native residents.	[ { "docid": "622db09fa359ff965b56b3dcad6af24c", "text": "Barbados Barbados ( -LSB- bɑrˈbeɪdɒs -RSB- or -LSB- bɑrˈbeɪdoʊs -RSB- ) is a sovereign island country in the Lesser Antilles , in the Caribbean region of North America . It is 34 km in length and up to 23 km in width , covering an area of abbr = on 432 . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and abbr = on 100 east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea ; therein , it is about abbr = on 168 east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and abbr = on 400 north-east of Trinidad and Tobago . Barbados is outside of the principal Atlantic hurricane belt . Inhabited by Kalinago people since the 13th century , and prior to that by other Amerindians , Barbados was visited by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the Spanish Crown . It first appeared in a Spanish map in 1511 . The Portuguese visited the island in 1536 , but they left it unclaimed , with their only remnants being an introduction of wild hogs for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited . An English ship , the Olive Blossom , arrived in Barbados in 1625 ; its men took possession of it in the name of King James I . In 1627 , the first permanent settlers arrived from England , and it became an English and later British colony . In 1966 , Barbados became an independent state and Commonwealth realm with the British Monarch ( presently Queen Elizabeth II ) as hereditary head of state . It has a population of 280,121 people , predominantly of African descent . Despite being classified as an Atlantic island , Barbados is considered to be a part of the Caribbean , where it is ranked as a leading tourist destination . Forty percent of the tourists come from the UK , with the US and Canada making up the next large groups of visitors to the island . In 2014 , Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index ranked Barbados joint second in the Americas ( after Canada , equal with the United States ) and joint 17th globally ( after Belgium and Japan , equal with the US , Hong Kong and Ireland ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "304c97ee5f4d8ae38d44a804847de6a7", "text": "Cuban migration to Miami Cuban immigration has greatly characterized modern Miami , creating what is known as `` Cuban Miami . '' However , Miami reflects global trends as well , such as the growing trends of multiculturalism and multiracialism ; this reflects the way in which international politics shape local communities . Essentially , the coexistence of growth and internationalization within Miami has perpetuated an ethnically driven social polarization . The growing number of Cubans in Miami have remained loyal to their cultural norms , mores , customs , language , and religious affiliations . The transnational force of immigration defines Miami as a growing metropolis , and the 20th century Cuban influx has greatly affected Miami 's growth . As of 2012 , there were 1.2 million Cubans in Greater Miami . As of that year , about 400,000 had arrived after 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bde08b0b42c5835698caa844c28d67f6", "text": "Barbados Black Belly The Barbados Blackbelly is a breed of domestic sheep from the Caribbean island of Barbados . Although it is likely the Barbados Blackbelly has African ancestry , there seems to be clear evidence that the breed , as seen today , was developed by the people on the island from sheep brought by ships fairly early in the period after Europeans first arrived . This breed is raised primarily for meat . It is widely distributed , with populations in twenty-five countries in the Americas , Asia and Europe . It is most abundant in the Caribbean region , in Mexico and in Peru . In 2015 the total world population was estimated at about 158,000 . In 2014 , the U.S. reported 1,971 registered sheep .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62f41c1f3df464a20a73276a4addf256", "text": "Barbados (Typically Tropical song) `` Barbados '' was a UK Number 1 single released in May 1975 by Typically Tropical . `` Barbados '' entered the UK Singles Chart at number 37 in late June 1975 , and five weeks later was at Number 1 for a week . In total , `` Barbados '' spent eleven weeks on the chart . The track also reached Number 1 on the Irish Singles Chart , Number 1 on the South African Singles Chart , and 20 on the Australian Singles Chart ( Kent Music Report ) . The track was later released on an album in 1975 by Gull Records . The album was named Barbados Sky . Follow-up singles `` Rocket Now '' and `` The Ghost Song '' failed to chart , leaving `` Typically Tropical '' as one-hit wonders . In 1999 a reworked version of the song , renamed `` We 're Going to Ibiza '' , also reached the UK Number 1 spot for The Vengaboys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b6df5f6496cab8bfbd1e1e1c05efcc9", "text": "British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state . The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus . Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory . Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) . the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3349c056e5d694fd350b0e010a3b8de", "text": "Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans ( also known as Trinbagonian Americans ) are Americans of total or partial Trinidadian and Tobagonian ancestry or immigrants born in Trinidad and Tobago . The largest proportion of Trinidadians live in New York City and in other places such as Pennsylvania , Maryland , Florida , New Jersey , and Massachusetts . There are more than 400,000 Trinidadian Americans living in the U.S.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "557525350869ddb4acf05c82afc3f74f", "text": "History of Belize The History of Belize dates back thousands of years . The Maya civilization spread into the area of Belize between 1500 BC to 1200 BC and flourished until about 1000 AD . Severales , including Cahal Pech , Caracol , Lamanai , Lubaantun , Altun Ha , and Xunantunich reflect the advanced civilization and much denser population of that period . The first recorded European settlement was established by shipwrecked English seamen in 1638 . Over the next 150 years , more English settlements were established . This period also was marked by piracy , indiscriminate logging , sporadic attacks by natives , and neighboring Spanish settlements . Great Britain first sent an official to the area in the late 17th century , but Belize was not formally termed the `` Colony of British Honduras '' until 1840 . It became a crown colony in 1862 . Subsequently , several constitutional changes were enacted to expand representative government . Full internal self-government under a ministerial system was granted in January 1964 . The official name of the territory was changed from British Honduras to Belize in June 1973 , and full independence was granted on September 21 , 1981 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ba99564c10b31cb89cb4b8eb7a7a21", "text": "Commonwealth realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state that is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and shares the same person , currently Elizabeth II , as its head of state and reigning constitutional monarch , but retains a crown legally distinct from the other realms . As of 2017 , there are 16 Commonwealth realms : Antigua and Barbuda , Australia , Barbados , Belize , Canada , Grenada , Jamaica , New Zealand , Papua New Guinea , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Solomon Islands , The Bahamas , Tuvalu and the United Kingdom . The Statute of Westminster 1931 provided for the then Dominions -- named therein as Canada , Australia , New Zealand , the Union of South Africa , the Irish Free State , and Newfoundland -- to have full or nearly full legislative independence as equal members of the British Commonwealth of Nations , having , together with the United Kingdom , one person as the sovereign of each . Subsequently , India and Pakistan ( both in 1947 ) and Ceylon ( in 1948 ) became Dominions . By the early 1950s , in order to reflect the equality between the countries in that group , each ( including the United Kingdom , but not the former Irish Free State and India , which had by that time become republics ) came to be known as a realm . The word was formally used in Britain 's proclamation of Elizabeth II as queen in 1952 and was adopted for the modern royal styles and titles under the legislation enacted by the individual countries . The principle was applied to other countries as they became Commonwealth realms , having sovereign status granted directly . The phrase Commonwealth realm , though used officially , is not a statutory term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c72fbddc2340d024f4aad2811b2581dd", "text": "List of rodents of the Caribbean The Caribbean region is home to a diverse and largely endemic rodent fauna . This includes the endemic family Capromyidae ( hutias ) , which are largely limited to the Greater Antilles , and two other groups of endemic hystricognaths , the heteropsomyines and giant hutias , including the extinct bear-sized Amblyrhiza inundata . Lesser Antillean rodent faunas mostly consist of oryzomyines , members of a distantly related group of rodents , and include two of the largest known oryzomyines , Megalomys desmarestii and `` Oryzomys hypenemus '' . Various other rodents are limited to land-bridge islands such as Trinidad , which were connected to the mainland during glacial-period lowered sea levels in the Pleistocene , or to smaller portions of the Caribbean archipelago . Much of the native rodent fauna of the Caribbean are extinct because of human influences , particularly following the introduction of invasive species such as Old World rats . For the purposes of this article , the `` Caribbean '' includes all islands in the Caribbean Sea ( except for small islets close to the mainland ) and the Bahamas , Turks and Caicos Islands , and Barbados , which are not in the Caribbean Sea but biogeographically belong to the same Caribbean bioregion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "616762acc57d4145284dfdb37fc1b022", "text": "Demographics of Sri Lanka This article is about the demographic features of the population of Sri Lanka , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population . Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean also called Ceylon and many other names . It is about the size of Ireland . It is about 28 kilometres ( 18 mi . ) off the south-eastern coast of India with a population of about 20 million . Density is highest in the south west where Colombo , the country 's main port and industrial center , is located . The net population growth is about 0.7 % . Sri Lanka is ethnically , linguistically , and religiously diverse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "519644380221a0e7ef73672f11b02e5b", "text": "Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands ( -LSB- ˈkeɪmən -RSB- or -LSB- keɪ 'm æn -RSB- ) is a British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean Sea . The 264 km2 territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman , Cayman Brac and Little Cayman located south of Cuba , northeast of Costa Rica , north of Panama , east of Mexico and northwest of Jamaica . Its population is approximately 60,000 , and its capital is George Town . The Cayman Islands are considered to be part of the geographic Western Caribbean Zone as well as the Greater Antilles . The territory is often considered a major world offshore financial haven for many wealthy individuals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0f92c4ecbc52fe68e5d383b7a205b2a", "text": "European Australians European Australians , or White Australians , are citizens or residents of Australia whose ancestry originates from the peoples of Europe and the Caucasus . Since the early 19th century , people of European descent have formed the vast majority of the population in Australia . The majority of European Australians are of British Isles -- English , Irish , Scottish , Welsh or Cornish ( Anglo-Celtic ) -- ancestral origin . In 2010 , it was estimated that around 74 % of the Australian population were Anglo-Celtic Australians . Other significant ancestries include Italian , German , Greek , Dutch , New Zealanders ( European New Zealanders ) , Polish , Maltese and Croatian . Today , Australians of British and other European ancestries are the dominant majority in Australia , estimated at 92 % of the total population . Historically , European immigrants had great influence over Australian history and society , which resulted in the perception of Australia as a European country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a905625bb4501f7602bb340727e06c85", "text": "Queen's Personal Barbadian Flag The Queen 's Personal Barbadian Flag is the personal flag of Queen Elizabeth II in her role as Queen of Barbados . The flag was approved for use in the 1970s and is only used by the Queen when she is in Barbados , or attending an event abroad in her role as head of state of Barbados . The Queen 's representative , the Governor-General of Barbados has his own flag . The Queen 's flag in banner form : The flag consists centrally of a bearded fig tree , a long established symbol of the island of Barbados and the national flower the Pride of Barbados flowers in each of the top corners on a yellow field . A blue disc of the letter `` E '' crowned surrounded by a garland of gold roses is displayed prominently on the flag within the center of the tree . The disc is taken from the Queen 's Personal Flag .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70bae3cc696e13bbf26e7ed122da9606", "text": "Virgin Islands Americans Virgin Islands Americans are Americans from the U.S. Virgin Islands or British Virgin Islands who reside in the continental United States , or continental Americans of Virgin Islands heritage . Persons born in the U.S. Virgin Islands are United States citizens , and as a result do not go through the legal immigration procedures a typical West Indies immigrant would . They are also , due to cultural affinities with the Anglophone Caribbean , U.S. Virgin Islanders in the U.S. are considered part of the Caribbean American immigrant community . It is difficult to determine how many Virgin Islanders reside in the United States . According to the 2000 U.S. Census , there are 15,014 of U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry residing in the continental United States . However , a count of American residents with `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry '' excludes most U.S. Virgin Islands-born immigrants in the United States . Because of a high incidence of inter-Caribbean migration throughout the 1960s and 1970s , most native-born U.S. Virgin Islanders today are one or two generations removed from other Caribbean islands and would not necessarily define themselves as having `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry . '' For example , Tim Duncan is a St. Croix native with Anguillian ancestry . The population of immigrants of British Virgin Islands origin in the United States is also difficult to determine , as they are not specifically counted in the U.S. Census , but grouped with other Caribbean British Overseas Territories as `` British West Indies . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8bacddf2a858650e6f59f4f7e9c800b", "text": "Caribbean360 Caribbean360 is the largest online news aggregator for the Caribbean . Started in 2005 , it is based in Bridgetown , Barbados . Specializing in news sources from the nations of the Caribbean Community , it competes with One Caribbean Media and the Caribbean Net News . As of 2009 , it drew from 35 print and electronic publishers in 28 countries . Iain Dale calls it `` the most comprehensive pan-Caribbean blog '' , while the Keele Guide lists it as one of only five `` Media and News '' sources for the `` Caribbean and Central America Generally ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a40aad3050032f302c5b71403c1d90e4", "text": "New Providence New Providence is the most populous island in the Bahamas , containing more than 70 % of the total population . It is the location of the national capital city of Nassau . The island was originally under Spanish control following Christopher Columbus 's discovery of the New World , but the Spanish government showed little interest in developing the island ( and the Bahamas as a whole ) . Nassau , the island 's largest city , was formerly known as Charles-town , but it was burned to the ground by the Spanish in 1684 . It was laid out and renamed Nassau in 1695 by Nicholas Trott , the most successful Lord Proprietor , in honor of the Prince of Orange-Nassau who became William III of England . The three branches of Bahamian Government : the executive , the legislative , and the judiciary , are all headquartered on New Providence . New Providence functions as the main commercial hub of the Bahamas . It is also home to more than 400 banks and trust companies , and its hotels and port account for more than two thirds of the four million-plus tourists who visit the Bahamas annually . Other settlements on New Providence include Grants Town , Bain Town , Fox Hill , Adelaide , Yamacraw , South Beach , Coral Harbour , Lyford Cay , Paradise Island , Sea Breeze , Centreville , The Grove ( South ) and The Grove ( West Bay ) , Cable Beach , Delaporte , Gambier , and Love Beach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "803917d5c0199327f5a02d547d7c24bd", "text": "Demographics of Mauritius This article is about the demographic features of the population of Mauritius , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population . Mauritian society includes people from many different ethnic groups . A majority of the republic 's residents are the descendants of people from the Indian subcontinent . Mauritius also contains substantial populations from continental Africa , China , France , Great Britain , Madagascar and South Africa among other places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f6c38cd83a5de2ad8423df4360059a9", "text": "White Bermudian White Bermudians or Bermudians of European descent are Bermudians whose ancestry lies within the continent of Europe , most notably the British Isles and Portugal . Initially , the White population of Bermuda made up the majority of the island who came to the island as indentured servants . This remained the case until Black Slaves were taken to the island , Free Blacks began to migrate to the island during the 17th century . Many Scots and Irish were also brought to the island as white slaves and made up large pockets of the population . In the 19th century the Black population surpassed the white majority . Black Bermudian remains the islands largest ethnic group . A number of European Bermudians are foreign-born nationals , many are from the United States and Canada - due to its close proximity to the island - as well as the United Kingdom ( this may be because the island is a British Overseas Territory ) . Currently , European Bermudians are a minority ethnic group in Bermuda , accounting for 31 % of the territory 's population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24c74b6244e6a6a9ff45a34f7227d335", "text": "Jamaican Americans Jamaican Americans are Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry . The largest proportion of Jamaicans live in New York City , which has various other Caribbean cultural elements such as food and music . There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Philadelphia , Boston , South Florida , Tampa , Los Angeles , Orlando , Baltimore , Washington , D.C. , Atlanta , Cleveland , Western New York , Connecticut , and New Jersey . After 1838 , European colonies in the Caribbean with expanding sugar industries imported large numbers of immigrants to meet their acute labor shortage . Large numbers of Jamaicans were recruited to work in Panama and Costa Rica in the 1850s . After slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 , American planters imported temporary workers , called `` swallow migrants '' , to harvest crops on an annual basis . These workers , many of them Jamaicans , returned to their countries after harvest . Between 1881 and the beginning of World War I , the United States recruited over 250,000 workers from the Caribbean , 90,000 of whom were Jamaicans , to work on the Panama Canal . During both world wars , the United States again recruited Jamaican men for service on various American bases in the region . The vast majority of Jamaican American are of black Afro-Caribbean descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f010484b8907360014a68c26fdf4b00e", "text": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and International Business (Barbados) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados is a key Barbadian government agency responsible for regulating , maintaining , and developing Barbados 's external relations and the nature of trading with foreign countries . The Ministry is also responsible for the country 's representation at the United Nations and advises other Ministries and State authorities when the latter have dealings with foreign governments or institutions . It is based on Culloden Road , in the nation 's capital Bridgetown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eec05886d1804ac350d8df9eb157a63", "text": "Afro-Saint Lucian Afro-Saint Lucians or African Saint Lucians are Saint Lucians whose ancestry lies within the continent of Africa , most notably West Africa . As of 2013 , people of African descent are the majority ethnic group in Saint Lucia , accounting for 82.5 % of the country 's population . An additional 11.9 % of the country is multiracial , predominantly of Afro-European descent and Afro-Indian descent .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8fa4e29feca7ac40679c4b1fdf98e570	The Academy Award for Best Actor was an award that Clint Eastwood was nominated for.	[ { "docid": "ef18722d29949b28cb60c21cdf6e9193", "text": "Clint Eastwood Clinton Eastwood Jr. '' ' ( born May 31 , 1930 ) is an American actor , filmmaker , musician , and political figure . After achieving success in the Western TV series Rawhide , he rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone 's Dollars trilogy of spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s , and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five Dirty Harry films throughout the 1970s and 1980s . These roles , among others , have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity . For his work in the Western film Unforgiven ( 1992 ) and the sports drama Million Dollar Baby ( 2004 ) , Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture , as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor . Eastwood 's greatest commercial successes have been the adventure comedy Every Which Way But Loose ( 1978 ) and its sequel , the action comedy Any Which Way You Can ( 1980 ) , after adjustment for inflation . Other popular films include the Western Hang 'Em High ( 1968 ) , the psychological thriller Play Misty for Me ( 1971 ) , the crime film Thunderbolt and Lightfoot ( 1974 ) , the Western The Outlaw Josey Wales ( 1976 ) , the prison film Escape from Alcatraz ( 1979 ) , the action film Firefox ( 1982 ) , the suspense thriller Tightrope ( 1984 ) , the Western Pale Rider ( 1985 ) , the war films Where Eagles Dare ( 1968 ) , Heartbreak Ridge ( 1986 ) , the action thriller In the Line of Fire ( 1993 ) , the romantic drama The Bridges of Madison County ( 1995 ) , and the drama Gran Torino ( 2008 ) . In addition to directing many of his own star vehicles , Eastwood has also directed films in which he did not appear , such as the mystery drama Mystic River ( 2003 ) and the war film Letters from Iwo Jima ( 2006 ) , for which he received Academy Award nominations , and the drama Changeling ( 2008 ) . The war drama biopic American Sniper '' ( 2014 ) set box office records for the largest January release ever and was also the largest opening ever for an Eastwood film . Eastwood received considerable critical praise in France for several films , including some that were not well received in the United States . Eastwood has been awarded two of France 's highest honors : in 1994 he became a recipient of the Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres , and in 2007 he was awarded the Legion of Honour medal . In 2000 , Eastwood was awarded the Italian Venice Film Festival Golden Lion for lifetime achievement . Since 1967 , Eastwood has run his own production company , Malpaso , which has produced all but four of his American films . Starting in 1986 , Eastwood served for two years as Mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea , California , a non-partisan office .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bcb15007bd77b150cbccfe2a3492d329", "text": "National Board of Review: Top Ten Films The following is a list of the Top 10 Films chosen annually by the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures , beginning in 1929 . From 1968 till 2005 , 29 times the NBR chose the film that would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture as Best Film . Twelve of these times , the film selected was number one on the NBR 's list for that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f883d310b40b902422f5b8bc1fa203b", "text": "Academy Film Archive The Academy Film Archive is part of the Academy Foundation , established in 1944 with the purpose of organizing and overseeing the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ' educational and cultural activities , including the preservation of motion picture history . Although the current incarnation of the Academy Film Archive began in 1991 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences acquired its first film in 1929 . Located in Hollywood , California at the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study , the Archive has a diverse range of moving image material . The Archive 's collection comprises 85,000 titles and 190,000 separate items , including early American cinema , a vast collection of documentary films , filmed and taped interviews , amateur and private home movies of Hollywood legends , makeup and sound test reels , and a wide selection of experimental film , as well as Academy Award-winning films , Academy Award-nominated films , and a complete collection of every Academy Awards show since 1949 . Since acquiring the Packard Humanities Institute Collection , the Archive has the world 's largest known trailer collection . The Archive is also concerned with the preservation and restoration of films , as well as new technologies and methods of preservation , restoring over 800 titles of historical and artistic importance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b8f1aba9dc803d1cf199d65be6e3e6", "text": "Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6b17ddd5f31df752a129ff29ae7060c", "text": "List of Singaporean submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Singapore has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film on a fairly regular basis since 2005 . Singapore also submitted a single film while a British colony in 1959 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of ten films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05ed522fdc8eeafc47ef52785a8b7c53", "text": "1975 Academy Awards 1975 Academy Awards may refer to : 47th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1975 48th Academy Awards , the 1976 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1975", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a0d53bdb3160ab852e78d9e3bc28d3b", "text": "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s In the 1970s , Clint Eastwood 's acting career was at its peak .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e144a84d3189608fb5196972149e932", "text": "List of Italian Academy Award winners and nominees This is a list of Italian Academy Award winners and nominees . This list details the performances of Italian filmmakers , actors , actress and films that have either been submitted , nominated or have won an Academy Award . The winners reported here are 42 , adding to them the 14 Best Foreign Language Film victories , that are reported in another list , the total sum is 56 . This means that Italy is the non English speaking country with most Academy Awards won .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b817db0e00e057aca07ab7d8df8b56b2", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Robert Redford The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actor , director and producer Robert Redford . He was first nominated for an Academy Award in 1973 for his role as Johnny `` Kelly '' Hooker in The Sting . He then won Best Director in 1980 for Ordinary People . In 1994 , he was nominated twice for Best Picture and Best Director for Quiz Show . He has been nominated for seven Golden Globes , winning two for Inside Daisy Clover as New Star of the Year -- Actor ( 1965 ) , Ordinary People as Best Director ( 1980 ) , and won the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1994 . He was awarded the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e423dfe97f5055c74a244cd9d34a2c3", "text": "Clint Eastwood at the 2012 Republican National Convention On Thursday , August 30 , 2012 , American actor and director Clint Eastwood gave a speech at the Republican National Convention . Eastwood had endorsed Mitt Romney for the 2012 United States presidential election earlier that month , and spent much of his speech 's running time on a largely improvised routine in which he addressed an empty chair that represented President Barack Obama . The speech , broadcast in a prime time slot , was viewed live by around 30 million Americans . It generated many responses and much discussion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d3df9d9567d202568b859589c675758b	Natalie Portman was involved with the 61st Annual Cannes Film Fesival when she was 20 years old.	[ { "docid": "95813997c495d22eb3b38a082c35abab", "text": "Natalie Portman Natalie Portman ( born Neta-Lee Hershlag , נטע-לי הרשלג June 9 , 1981 ) is an actress with dual American and Israeli citizenship . Her first role was in the 1994 action thriller Léon : The Professional , opposite Jean Reno . She was later cast as Padmé Amidala in the Star Wars prequel trilogy ( released in 1999 , 2002 and 2005 ) . Born in Jerusalem to an Israeli father and American mother , Portman grew up in the eastern United States from the age of three . She studied dancing and acting in New York , and starred in Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace while still at high school on Long Island . In 1999 , Portman enrolled at Harvard University to study psychology , alongside her work as an actress ; she completed a bachelor 's degree in 2003 . During her studies she starred in a second Star Wars film and opened in New York City 's The Public Theater production of Anton Chekhov 's The Seagull in 2001 . Portman won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Academy Award for starring in the 2004 drama Closer , appeared in Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith the following year , and won a Constellation Award for Best Female Performance and the Saturn Award for Best Actress for her starring role in the political thriller V for Vendetta ( 2006 ) . She played leading roles in the historical dramas Goya 's Ghosts ( 2006 ) and The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , and also appeared in Thor ( 2011 ) and its 2013 sequel . In 2010 , Portman starred in the psychological thriller film Black Swan . Her performance received widespread critical acclaim and she earned her first Academy Award for Best Actress , her second Golden Globe Award , the SAG Award , the BAFTA Award and the BFCA Award in 2011 . In 2016 , she portrayed First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in the biographical drama Jackie . She was nominated for an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award and won the BFCA for Best Actress . In May 2008 , Portman served as the youngest member of the 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival jury . The same year she directed a segment of the collective film New York , I Love You . Her first feature film as a director , A Tale of Love and Darkness , was released in 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fb1da36a33d9b532cd6ff817e8139989", "text": "Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10c64458cf4c8fc627baaaa4c2c2bbd9", "text": "1969 Cannes Film Festival The 22nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 8 to 23 May 1969 . At this festival a new non-competitive section called `` Directors ' Fortnight '' is added , in response to the cancellation of the 1968 festival . The Grand Prix du Festival International du Film went to the If ... . by Lindsay Anderson . The festival opened with Sweet Charity , directed by Bob Fosse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f331c70bebe30a937263649a38c1c646", "text": "1998 Cannes Film Festival The 51st Cannes Film Festival was held on May 13 -- 24 , 1998 . The Palme d'Or went to the Greek film Mia aioniotita kai mia mera by Theo Angelopoulos . The festival opened with Primary Colors , directed by Mike Nichols , and closed with Godzilla , directed by Roland Emmerich . Lulu on the Bridge , directed by Paul Auster , opened the Un Certain Regard section .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d36485fa062eb890ce54ded60a694c95", "text": "November 20", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca830f4d08e529fee74b94f6b1eecca5", "text": "Histoire(s) du cinéma Histoire ( s ) du cinéma ( -LSB- is.twaʁ dy si.ne.ma -RSB- ) is an 8-part video project begun by Jean-Luc Godard in the late 1980s and completed in 1998 . The longest , at 266 minutes , and one of the most complex of Godard 's films , Histoire ( s ) du cinéma is an examination of the history of the concept of cinema and how it relates to the 20th century ; in this sense , it can also be considered a critique of the 20th century and how it perceives itself . The project is considered by many the most important work of the late period of Godard 's career . Histoire ( s ) du cinéma is always referred to by its French title , because of the word play it implies : histoire means both `` history '' and `` story , '' and the s in parentheses gives the possibility of a plural . Therefore , the phrase Histoire ( s ) du cinéma simultaneously means The History of Cinema , Histories of Cinema , The Story of Cinema and Stories of Cinema . Similar double or triple meanings , as well as puns , are a recurring motif throughout Histoire ( s ) and much of Godard 's work . The film was screened out of competition at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival . Nine years later , it was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1997 Festival . The soundtrack was released as a 5-CD boxed set on the ECM record label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7441391498199ea31e3d6b7af5268bf", "text": "Rachel Portman Rachel Mary Berkeley Portman , OBE ( born 11 December 1960 ) is an English composer who is best known for scoring films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c39c872c200ab3baf2a83d25bcf832d", "text": "Molière (1978 film) Molière is a 1978 French drama film directed by Ariane Mnouchkine . It was entered into the 1978 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b8184f0ede7eb61bf889cabc02ced23", "text": "Sefton Short Film Festival S2F2 , the Sefton Short Film Festival was an independent film festival based in Sefton , Merseyside to the North of Liverpool . The festival first began in 2005 . This annual event ran for 2 days in October and exhibited a number of short films , spread over 12 hours of screenings . The 2007 Sefton Short Film Festival exhibited 65 films and attracted submissions and guests from across the world . The festival was originally established in 2005 by Ann Monks . It was intended not only to be a place where new filmmakers can have a chance to have their work seen by a larger audience , but also as a way to get more people interested in short films as a medium . The festival had also funded local filmmakers by organising film production courses . These courses covered all aspects of film making , from initial visualisation and script writing , through planning and shooting including camera work and sound recording , down to final editing and post production techniques . The festival had been supported by Frank Cottrell Boyce , writer of Millions and 24 Hour Party People , Sally Bankes from Little Britain and Opiate Of The People Films . Submissions for the S2F2 short film festival were welcomed from around the world and were usually accepted from April .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43d673ad1502966d07d84c0d332ed129", "text": "73rd Venice International Film Festival The 73rd annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 31 August to 10 September 2016 . English director Sam Mendes was the President of the Jury for the main competition . The opening night film was Damien Chazelle 's musical La La Land . The Golden Lion was awarded to Lav Diaz 's film The Woman Who Left .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfa0c130845630aab9d7f0c2bd3cb91f", "text": "Yuko Kusunoki is a Japanese actress . She appeared in more than twenty films since 1959 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3426659f6d7da2fe969a800e418fadf0", "text": "20va Shatabdam 20va Shatabdam ( 20th century ) is a 1990 Telugu action crime thriller film directed by Kodi Ramakrishna and produced by R. V. Vijay Kumar under Sri Sai Ram Creations banner . The film stars Suman , Devaraj and Lizy in the lead roles and Suman Ranganathan in a cameo role . The music was composed by J. V. Raghavulu . The film shows crime in the 20th century . The songs `` Ammani Minchi Daivamunnada '' and `` Naa Prema Nava Parijatam '' are chartbusters . The former is one of the best Telugu songs about mother . The movie is a remake of 1987 Malayalam movie Irupatham Noottandu which was also remade in Kannada as Jackey ( 1989 ) starring Ambareesh . Devaraj reprised his role from the Kannada version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5846315912c65df06790496a1076012", "text": "2010 Sundance Film Festival The 26th annual Sundance Film Festival was held from January 21 , 2010 until January 31 , 2010 in Park City , Utah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a159c218763c03606af05b96b32b95bb", "text": "1956 Cannes Film Festival The 9th Cannes Film Festival was held from 23 April to 10 May 1956 . The Palme d'Or went to The Silent World by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Louis Malle . The festival opened with Marie-Antoinette reine de France , directed by Jean Delannoy and closed with Il tetto by Vittorio De Sica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca39f17e48f85859528fa5bbfe6aea93", "text": "I Dreamed of Africa I Dreamed of Africa is a 2000 biographical drama film starring Kim Basinger , Vincent Perez , Eva Marie Saint , Garrett Strommen , Liam Aiken and Daniel Craig , and directed by Hugh Hudson . It is based on the autobiographical novel I Dreamed of Africa by Kuki Gallmann , an Italian writer who moved to Kenya and became involved in conservation work . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257708f260a147cea9412d5be87f7b1d", "text": "Star Awards 20 Star Awards 20 ( also SA20 , Chinese : 红星大奖 20 ) was a double television award ceremony which was held in Singapore . It is part of the annual Star Awards organised by MediaCorp for the two free-to-air channels , MediaCorp Channels 8 and U. SA20 was broadcast live on Channel 8 , on 20 April 2014 and 27 April 2014 . The first ceremony was held at the MediaCorp TV Theatre while the second ceremony was held at Suntec Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre . The ceremonies will also be broadcast on 8 International and the second ceremony on Toggle , Astro AEC ( SD ) and Astro Quan Jia HD ( HD ) . As with the previous four years , viewers will be able to catch the presentation of the Professional awards ( given out to backstage crew and scriptwriters ) on Channel 8 . The ceremony was aired live on April 20 , while the annual SA prize presentation ( for performance based and popularity awards ) was aired on April 27 . A post-show was held after the awards ceremony on April 27 , which was broadcast on Channel U at 10.00 pm . The ceremony will celebrate its 20th year , hence the original title of Star Awards 2014 was renamed . Television drama The Dream Makers garnered 21 nominations , the most nominations in history since The Little Nyonya in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c6c6da1d68182521ff812b3ddab9d9", "text": "20 (Dragana Mirković album) 20 is the twentieth studio album by Serbian singer Dragana Mirković . It was released on 4 December 2012 . In the first half of 2011 , Mirković released three new songs and a remake of an old song of hers . The new songs , `` Drugovi '' , `` Srce moje '' and `` Jedini '' , all became hits in the countries of the former Yugoslavia . The updated version of her 1991 song , `` Umreću zbog tebe '' was also well received . Those four songs , along with sixteen new ones are featured on her jubilee twentieth studio album , 20 , released in December 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fd41f138125d7883fe2e9f8d2a361e1", "text": "20,000 Days on Earth 20,000 Days on Earth is a 2014 British documentary musical drama film co-written and directed by Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard . Nick Cave also co-wrote the script with Forsyth and Pollard . The film premiered in-competition in the World Cinema Documentary Competition at 2014 Sundance Film Festival on 20 January 2014 . It won two Awards at the festival . After its premiere at Sundance Film Festival , Drafthouse Films acquired distribution rights of the film . The film released on 17 September 2014 in United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169f1ca77ebdeda1897cd035855b4f20", "text": "Roman Polanski sexual abuse case In March 1977 , film director Roman Polanski was arrested and charged in Los Angeles with five offenses against Samantha Gailey , a 13-year-old girl -- rape by use of drugs , perversion , sodomy , lewd and lascivious act upon a child under 14 , and furnishing a controlled substance to a minor . At his arraignment Polanski pleaded not guilty to all charges , but later accepted a plea bargain whose terms included dismissal of the five initial charges in exchange for a guilty plea to the lesser charge of engaging in unlawful sexual intercourse . Polanski underwent a court-ordered psychiatric evaluation , and a report was submitted to the court recommending probation . However , upon learning that he was likely to face imprisonment and deportation , Polanski fled to France in February 1978 , hours before he was to be formally sentenced . Since then Polanski has mostly lived in France and has avoided visiting countries likely to extradite him to the United States .", "title": "" } ]	fever
690a41ceb9e857243ba8471c8bd0b2ae	Funny Girl (film) is a biographical film.	[ { "docid": "7b1bf00e2f8b2f0e6df974e9faf8169f", "text": "Funny Girl (film) Funny Girl is a 1968 American biographical romantic musical comedy-drama film directed by William Wyler . The screenplay by Isobel Lennart was adapted from her book for the stage musical of the same title . It is loosely based on the life and career of Broadway and film star and comedian Fanny Brice and her stormy relationship with entrepreneur and gambler Nicky Arnstein . Produced by Brice 's son-in-law , Ray Stark , with music and lyrics by Jule Styne and Bob Merrill , the film stars Barbra Streisand ( reprising her Broadway role ) as Brice and Omar Sharif as Arnstein , with a supporting cast featuring Kay Medford , Anne Francis , Walter Pidgeon , Lee Allen , and Mae Questel . Streisand won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance , tying with Katharine Hepburn ( The Lion in Winter ) . In 2006 , the American Film Institute ranked the film # 16 on its list commemorating AFI 's Greatest Movie Musicals . Previously it had ranked the film # 41 in its 2002 list of 100 Years ... 100 Passions , the songs `` People '' and `` Do n't Rain on My Parade '' at # 13 and # 46 , respectively , in its 2004 list of 100 Years ... 100 Songs , and the line `` Hello , gorgeous '' at # 81 in its 2005 list of 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes . Funny Girl is considered one of the greatest musical films ever . In 2016 , Funny Girl was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress , and selected for preservation in its National Film Registry", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09d51123de2f559c7066c74c55468d52", "text": "Poor Little Rich Girl: The Barbara Hutton Story Poor Little Rich Girl : The Barbara Hutton Story is a 1987 television biographical drama starring Farrah Fawcett . The film chronicles the life of Barbara Hutton , a wealthy but troubled American socialite . Released as both a television movie and a mini series , the film won a Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Television Film . Fawcett earned her fifth Golden Globe Award nomination , for Best Actress in a Miniseries of Television Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904aef47039b817c6796ddb7fd1a7c10", "text": "Funny Games (1997 film) Funny Games is a 1997 Austrian psychological thriller film written and directed by Michael Haneke . The plot of the film involves two young men who hold a family hostage and torture them with sadistic games . The film was entered into the 1997 Cannes Film Festival . In 2007 it was remade in America by Haneke , this time with a different cast and a mostly American crew .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf25e9900271154d29e7473edc3175a6", "text": "Broad Humor Film Festival The Broad Humor Film Festival is a film festival that takes place every year in Los Angeles , California . It focuses exclusively on comedic films written and directed by women . Begun in 2005 , it is held yearly in the summer months and brings together female writers and directors for a weekend of screenings , readings and events with the aim of fostering greater opportunity for women as the creators of film content . The festival has film and screenplay competitions for both feature-length and short films . Projects can be narrative or documentary . In addition , the festival offers continuing support to festival filmmakers and writers through its Legacy Program , a series of initiatives encouraging alumnae to create and screen new work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a29f6e113a9e49453d47e840123ef6aa", "text": "Life Itself (film) Life Itself is a 2014 American biographical documentary film about film critic Roger Ebert , directed by Steve James and produced by Zak Piper , Steve James and Garrett Basch . The film is based on Ebert 's 2011 memoir of the same name . It premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was an official selection at the 67th Cannes Film Festival . The 41st Telluride Film Festival hosted a special screening of the film on August 28 , 2014 . Magnolia Pictures released the film theatrically in the United States and simultaneously via video on demand platforms on July 4 , 2014 . On December 2 , 2014 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that the film was 1 of 15 films shortlisted in the Documentary Feature category for the 87th Academy Awards , but it was not nominated . It was also nominated for two News & Documentary Emmy Awards , winning the award for Outstanding Editing : Documentary & Long-Form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2b90a9e89695d680c09c092b3fc3918", "text": "Humour Humour ( British English ) or humor ( American English ; see spelling differences ) is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement . The term derives from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks , which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body , known as humours ( Latin : humor , `` body fluid '' ) , controlled human health and emotion . People of all ages and cultures respond to humour . Most people are able to experience humour -- be amused , smile or laugh at something funny -- and thus are considered to have a sense of humour . The hypothetical person lacking a sense of humour would likely find the behaviour inducing it to be inexplicable , strange , or even irrational . Though ultimately decided by personal taste , the extent to which a person finds something humorous depends on a host of variables , including geographical location , culture , maturity , level of education , intelligence and context . For example , young children may favour slapstick such as Punch and Judy puppet shows or the Tom and Jerry cartoons , whose physical nature makes it accessible to them . By contrast , more sophisticated forms of humour such as satire require an understanding of its social meaning and context , and thus tend to appeal to a more mature audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84278926f684b0f893d5dec8a72ea94e", "text": "Life with Father (film) Life with Father is a 1947 Technicolor American comedy film . It tells the true story of Clarence Day , a stockbroker who wants to be master of his house , but finds his wife and his children ignoring him , until they start making demands for him to change his own life . The story draws largely on the insistence by his wife that Clarence be baptized and Clarence 's stubborn , sometimes ill-tempered nature . In keeping with the autobiography , all the children in the family ( all boys ) are redheads . It stars William Powell and Irene Dunne as Clarence and his wife , supported by Elizabeth Taylor as a beautiful teenage girl with whom Clarence 's oldest son becomes infatuated , along with Edmund Gwenn , ZaSu Pitts , Jimmy Lydon and Martin Milner . The film and its audio entered the public domain in 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "616d6e2323a2d4c3f36b172a02358437", "text": "Girl Friends (1936 film) Girl Friends ( -LSB- Подруги , Podrugi -RSB- ) is a 1936 Soviet drama film , directorial debut of Lev Arnshtam . The film tells story of the friendship between three girls from Petrograd who grow up together and become nurses during the Russian Civil War . The film was released in the USA in 1936 as Three Women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cb08245ed3be62aca51d1748b82de6f", "text": "Argentine humour Argentine humour is exemplified by a number of humorous television programmes , film productions , comic strips and other types of media . Everyday humour includes jokes related to recurrent themes , such as xenophobic jokes at the expense of Galicians ( Spaniards ) called chistes de gallegos ( where they are commonly portrayed as simpletons ) , often obscene sex-related jokes ( chistes verdes , literally `` green jokes '' , a term equivalent to the English-language `` blue humour '' ) , jokes about the English , the Americans , blonde women ( supposedly clueless , according to a misoginist point of view ) , dark humour ( called humor negro ) , word and pronunciation games , jokes about Argentines themselves , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ecd87f5e97bdc689a3997fa839d7ed9", "text": "Betty Hutton Betty Hutton ( born Elizabeth June Thornburg ; February 26 , 1921 -- March 12 , 2007 ) was an American stage , film , and television actress , comedian , dancer , and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49359cd95d89b659f38d5a9bc3a5813c", "text": "The Comedian (2016 film) The Comedian is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and written by Lewis Friedman , Richard LaGravenese , Art Linson , and Jeff Ross . The film stars Robert De Niro , Leslie Mann , Danny DeVito , Edie Falco , Veronica Ferres , Charles Grodin , Cloris Leachman , Patti LuPone and Harvey Keitel . The film had its world premiere at the AFI Fest on November 11 , 2016 and was released on December 9 , 2016 , by Sony Pictures Classics . The film opened to negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8423d4edb2b93b280989df059b1589a5", "text": "The King and the Chorus Girl The King and the Chorus Girl is a 1937 American romantic comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Fernand Gravey , Joan Blondell and Edward Everett Horton . Fernand Gravey plays Alfred VII , a young and rich deposed King in exile in Paris , monumentally bored . When he becomes involved with a chorus girl whom he accidentally insults ( by falling asleep ) , her indignation provides an opportunity for his loyal courtiers to bring him back to life . Gravey ( billed as `` Gravet '' ) was at the time the subject of a significant studio publicity campaign to build his image . The film is notable for being the only one with a screenplay officially credited to Groucho Marx .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6836e3bf88b86787d3ab3a132327ca09", "text": "When Jews Were Funny When Jews Were Funny is a 2013 documentary film by Canadian director Alan Zweig , which explores the role of Jewish comedians in the history of North American comedy and humour from the Borscht Belt to the present day . The film features interviews with and/or performance clips of a wide variety of Jewish comedy performers and writers of the 20th and 21st centuries , including Howie Mandel , Gilbert Gottfried , Rodney Dangerfield , Eugene Mirman , Marc Maron , Bob Einstein , Andy Kindler , Shelley Berman , Alan King , Judy Gold , Elon Gold , David Steinberg , Jackie Mason , Jack Carter , Norm Crosby , Henny Youngman , David Brenner , Shecky Greene , Mark Breslin , Cory Kahaney , Harrison Greenbaum , Simon Rakoff , Lisa Lambert , Larry Josephson and Michael Wex . The film premiered on September 10 , 2013 at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival . It subsequently won the festival award for the year 's best Canadian feature film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "943cb6b281f049169842bbdec445ec6c", "text": "Wired (film) Wired is a 1989 biographical film of comedian and actor John Belushi , directed by Larry Peerce , and adapted from the investigative journalism book Wired : The Short Life and Fast Times of John Belushi written by Washington Post journalist Bob Woodward and published in 1984 . It starred Michael Chiklis in his film debut as Belushi . Wired was both a critical and a commercial failure . The film has never been released on DVD , and the videocassette originally released by International Video Entertainment is out of print . The film was marketed with the tagline `` For John Belushi , every night was Saturday Night '' . The film 's trailer opted for the tagline `` The laughs and times of John Belushi '' , paraphrasing the title of Woodward 's book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b21096d80f5273fd1f18a57e5dd89a7e", "text": "Funny or Die Funny or Die is a comedy video website and film/TV production company founded by Will Ferrell , Adam McKay and Chris Henchy . The website Funny Or Die contains exclusive material from a regular staff of in-house writers , producers , and directors , and occasionally from a number of famous contributors like Judd Apatow , James Franco , and Norm Macdonald . The production company makes TV shows like truTV 's Billy on the Street , Comedy Central 's @midnight , and Zach Galifianakis 's popular Emmy-winning web series Between Two Ferns . Many videos on the site feature well-known actors ( examples include Steve Carell , Charlie Sheen , Ryan Gosling , Patrick Stewart , Daniel Radcliffe , Sophia Bush , Mila Kunis , AnnaSophia Robb , Hilary Duff , Adam West , James Van Der Beek , Jim Carrey , Ariel Winter , and Selena Gomez ) . Michael Kvamme , an aspiring young comedian , came up with a concept for a new kind of comedy site ; and the site was developed by Randy Adams . Funny Or Die launched on April 12 , 2007 with the site 's first video , `` The Landlord '' . `` The Landlord '' has received over 84 million views and features Ferrell confronted by a swearing , beer-drinking two-year-old landlord . In June 2007 , they received venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital , and in June 2008 , they announced a partnership with HBO . On August 3 , 2016 , Funny or Die shut-down one of its California offices , reducing its headcount by 30 % to 95 employees , with the announcement coming just two month after the new CEO , Mike Farah , took office", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ec5fe6cd25bf6e5e12e9972dbd9f48", "text": "Factual film Factual film may refer to : Historical film Biographical film , a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people Film based on a true story Documentary film , a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dd6f0ecdccb8fdfa7a8f9494b0db834", "text": "Seinfeld: A XXX Parody Seinfeld : A XXX Parody is a 2009 American pornographic situation comedy film that parodies the American television sitcom Seinfeld which ran from 1989 until 1998 . Like other porn parodies , it has the same characters , settings and other production elements of the original show but adds an explicitly sexual element that was not present in the series . Written by A.J. Slater and directed by Lee Roy Myers , the plot is based on the episode `` The Soup Nazi '' . The film stars James Deen , Kristina Rose , Eric John , Steve Pomerantz , Evan Stone , Ashlynn Brooke , London Keyes , Natalie Horton , Tony Disergio , Sasha Grey , Sadie West and Cassandra Calogera . Released to DVD on June 29 , 2009 , the movie received positive reviews from critics , who enjoyed the acting , casting , sexual content and comedy . In addition to the positive reception , it also earned ten nominations at the 27th AVN Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3cd54fe313bf4a4bdd987479c0a3f5", "text": "Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other . After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film . The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights . However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8b361c33d2fad698c9d4449e99af0b08	Islam's followers are not known as Muslims.	[ { "docid": "496d036bc56ec44a1ddd920b747a17b9", "text": "Islam Islam ( -LSB- ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English , differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress , whether the s is -LSB- slinkz -RSB- or -LSB- slinks -RSB- , and whether the a is pronounced -LSB- slinkɑː -RSB- , -LSB- slinkæ -RSB- or ( when the stress is on the first syllable ) -LSB- slinkə -RSB- ( Merriam Webster ) . The most common are -LSB- ˈɪzləm , _ ˈɪsləm , _ ɪzˈlɑːm , _ ɪsˈlɑːm -RSB- ( Oxford English Dictionary , Random House ) and -LSB- ˈɪzlɑːm , _ ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- ( American Heritage Dictionary ) . الإسلام , -LSB- alʔisˈlaːm -RSB- ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is only one and incomparable God ( Allah ) and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God . It is the world 's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world , with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1 % of the global population , known as Muslims . Islam teaches that God who is merciful , all-powerful , and unique has guided mankind through prophets , revealed scriptures and natural signs . The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran , viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God , and the teachings and normative example ( called the sunnah , composed of accounts called hadith ) of Muhammad ( 570 -- 8 June 632 CE ) . Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam , Abraham , Moses , and Jesus . As for the Quran , Muslims consider it to be the unaltered and final revelation of God . Like other Abrahamic religions , Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous are punished in hell . Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam , which are obligatory acts of worship , and following Islamic law , which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society , from banking and welfare to women and the environment . The cities of Mecca , Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam . Islam originated in the early 7th century in Mecca , and by the 8th century the Islamic empire extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east . The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century when much of the historically Islamic world was experiencing a scientific , economic and cultural flourishing . The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and empires , traders and conversion to Islam by missionary activities . Most Muslims are of one of two denominations : Sunni ( 75 -- 90 % ) or Shia ( 10 -- 20 % ) . About 13 % of Muslims live in Indonesia , the largest Muslim-majority country , 31 % in South Asia , the largest population of Muslims in the world , 23 % in the Middle East-North Africa , where it is the dominant religion , and 15 % in Sub-Saharan Africa . Sizable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas , Caucasus , China , Europe , Mainland Southeast Asia , Philippines and Russia . Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2fdd0231489d8b21d264b4705118a623", "text": "Post-monotheism In the philosophy of religion and theology , post-monotheism ( from Greek -LSB- : wikt : μόνος , μόνος -RSB- `` one '' and -LSB- : wikt : θεός , θεός -RSB- `` god , '' with the Latin prefix `` post - '' as in `` after '' or `` beyond '' ) is a term covering a range of different meanings that nonetheless share concern for the status of faith and religious experience in the modern or post-modern era . There is no one originator for the term . Rather , it has independently appeared in the writings of several intellectuals on the Internet and in print . Its most notable use has been in the poetry of Palestinian author Nidaa Khoury , and as a label for a `` new sensibility '' or theological approach proposed by the Islamic historian Christopher Schwartz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8e1f8174298d4a836aa64d22ac51b23", "text": "Etiquette in the Middle East Many matters of etiquette in the Middle East are connected to Islam as it is written in the Qur ` an and how it has been traditionally understood and practiced throughout the centuries . Prescribed Islamic etiquette is referred to as Adab , and described as `` refinement , good manners , morals , ethics , decorum , decency , humaneness and righteousness '' . As such , many points discussed in this article are applicable in other regions of the Islamic world . This holds especially true in Muslim majority countries outside Middle East . The Middle East is home to many people who follow faiths besides Islam . Most notable among them are the churches of Eastern Orthodox Christianity , Copts and other adherents of Oriental Orthodoxy , Maronites , Melkites other Catholics of the Eastern Rites as well as the Roman Rite , Zoroastrians , Bahá ' ís , and various Jewish denominations . In many cases , however , Muslims and non-Muslims in the Middle East will share characteristics , whether it is the prohibition against pork ordained by both Islamic and Jewish dietary restrictions , a preference for the beverage widely known elsewhere as `` Turkish coffee '' , or knowledge of how to conduct business in a crowded souk without being cheated . It is a place where people with different beliefs often share the same traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ee84c563b9f58c06a08d3b4d50e3c7", "text": "Political Islam The term Political Islam is a recently developed term . It is used to label the wide-scale activities of individuals or organizations heading towards the transformation of the state and entire society according to '' Islamic '' rules . It is based on Islam which is a complex of political persuasion and fundamental Islamic books -- Koran , Sira ( the biography of Mohammed ) , and Hadith ( Mohammed 's traditions ) . The term is often used in connection with the movements which represent the current political powers in the name of Islam , emerging at the end of 20th century . It is also used as a term describing political activities stemming from basic Islamic books aiming predominantly at Non-Muslims . Political Islam is often confused with Islamism . However , Political Islam is not only a synonym for violent , radical or extreme Islamism . On the contrary , an overwhelming majority of Islamic political activity is carried out by peaceful means and often within a constitutional framework ( e.g. Arbitration Act from 1996 , where Sharia courts became a part of official British Law ) . International activities of extremists including terrorist acts are an exception not the rule if we talk about political activities executed in the name of Islam . Although this term is often used for organized groups , movements or parties , it can also concern a great number of the individuals who share basic goals and background of Political Islam without any direct connection to a party or group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187156fd00195da6b5af8fc13d0eeb94", "text": "Mahdi In Islamic eschatology , the Mahdi ( مهدي , ISO 233 : `` guided one '' ) is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for five , seven , nine , or nineteen years ( according to differing interpretations ) before the Day of Judgement ( , literally , the Day of Resurrection ) and will rid the world of evil . There is no explicit reference to the Mahdi in the Qur ` an , but references to him are found in hadith ( the reports and traditions of Muhammad 's teachings collected after his death ) . According to Islamic tradition , the Mahdi 's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ ( Isa ) , who is to assist the Mahdi against the Masih ad-Dajjal ( literally , the `` false Messiah '' or Antichrist ) . Differences exist in the concept of the Mahdi between Shia Muslims and adherents of the Sunni tradition . For Sunnis , the Mahdi is the Muslims ' future leader who is yet to come . For most Shia Muslims , the Mahdi was born but disappeared and will remain hidden from humanity until he reappears to bring justice to the world , a doctrine known as the Occultation . For Twelver Shia , this `` hidden Imam '' is Muhammad al-Mahdi , the Twelfth Imam . Throughout history , various individuals have claimed to be the Mahdi . These have included Muhammad Jaunpuri , founder of the Mahdavia sect ; the Báb ( Siyyid Ali Muhammad ) , founder of Bábism ; Muhammad Ahmad , who established the Mahdist state in Sudan in the late 19th century ; and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , founder of the Ahmadiyya sect .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20df76ade6abbd1df073b8c7765a392c", "text": "Khoja The Khojas are a group of diverse people who converted to Islam in South Asia . The word Khoja derives from Khwāja ( New Persian Khājé ) , a Persian honorific title of pious individuals from Central Asia , South Asia and the Middle East . . In India , most Khojas live in the states of Gujarat , Maharashtra , Rajasthan and the city of Hyderabad . Many Khojas have also migrated and settled over the centuries in East Africa , Europe and North America . The Khoja were by then adherents of Nizārī Ismā ' īlīsm . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , particularly in the aftermath of the Aga Khan Case a significant minority separated and adopted Twelver Shi'ism or Sunni Islam , while the majority remained Nizārī Ismā ' īlī .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701d6b247f4069b50d8e0aa8097be982", "text": "Hyderabadi Muslims Hyderabadi Muslims are an ethnoreligious community of Urdu-speaking Muslims , part of a larger group of Dakhini Muslims , from the area that used to be the princely state of Hyderabad , India , including cities like Hyderabad , Aurangabad , Gulbarga and Bidar . While the term `` Hyderabadi '' now only refers to residents in and around the city of Hyderabad , the term Hyderabadi Muslims can refer to those native Muslim residents of the erstwhile princely state.The native language of the Hyderabadi Muslims is Hyderabadi Urdu , which is a form of the Dakhini language . With their origins in the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate and then the Deccan sultanates , Hyderabadi Muslim culture became defined in the latter half of the reign of the Asif Jahi Dynasty in Hyderabad . The culture exists today mainly in the old city of Hyderabad , Aurangabad , and among the Hyderabadi Muslim diaspora around the world , in particular , Pakistan , Saudi Arabia , the Arab states of the Persian Gulf , USA , Canada and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df9ab2e641c6106f517fc902891e20a3", "text": "Islamic art Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onward by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations . It is thus a very difficult art to define because it covers many lands and various peoples over some 1,400 years ; it is not art specifically of a religion , or of a time , or of a place , or of a single medium like painting . The huge field of Islamic architecture is the subject of a separate article , leaving fields as varied as calligraphy , painting , glass , pottery , and textile arts such as carpets and embroidery . Islamic art is not at all restricted to religious art , but includes all the art of the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies as well . It frequently includes secular elements and elements that are frowned upon , if not forbidden , by some Islamic theologians . Apart from the ever-present calligraphic inscriptions , specifically religious art is actually less prominent in Islamic art than in Western medieval art , with the exception of Islamic architecture where mosques and their complexes of surrounding buildings are the most common remains . Figurative painting may cover religious scenes , but normally in essentially secular contexts such as the walls of palaces or illuminated books of poetry . The calligraphy and decoration of manuscript Qur ` ans is an important aspect , but other religious art such as glass mosque lamps and other mosque fittings such as tiles ( e.g. Girih tiles ) , woodwork and carpets usually have the same style and motifs as contemporary secular art , although with religious inscriptions even more prominent . `` Islamic art developed from many sources : Roman , Early Christian art , and Byzantine styles were taken over in early Islamic art and architecture ; the influence of the Sassanian art of pre-Islamic Persia was of paramount significance ; Central Asian styles were brought in with various nomadic incursions ; and Chinese influences had a formative effect on Islamic painting , pottery , and textiles . '' Though the whole concept of `` Islamic art '' has been criticised by some modern art historians , calling it a `` figment of imagination '' or a `` mirage '' , the similarities between art produced at widely different times and places in the Islamic world , especially in the Islamic Golden Age , have been sufficient to keep the term in wide use by scholars . There are repeating elements in Islamic art , such as the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as the arabesque . The arabesque in Islamic art is often used to symbolize the transcendent , indivisible and infinite nature of God . Mistakes in repetitions may be intentionally introduced as a show of humility by artists who believe only God can produce perfection , although this theory is disputed . Typically , though not entirely , Islamic art has focused on the depiction of patterns , whether purely geometric or floral , and Arabic calligraphy , rather than on figures , because it is feared by many Muslims that the depiction of the human form is idolatry and thereby a sin against God , forbidden in the Qur ` an . Human portrayals can be found in all eras of Islamic art , above all in the more private form of miniatures , where their absence is rare . Human representation for the purpose of worship is considered idolatry and is duly forbidden in some interpretations of Islamic law , known as Sharia law . There are also many depictions of Muhammad , Islam 's chief prophet , in historical Islamic art . Small decorative figures of animals and humans , especially if they are hunting the animals , are found on secular pieces in many media from many periods , but portraits were slow to develop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "159e57e3b7fd6d49fc329fdd7b9dfe5a", "text": "Irreligion in Saudi Arabia Irreligion in Saudi Arabia is difficult to measure as it is illegal to leave the Islamic faith in the country . Most atheists in Saudi Arabia communicate with each other via the internet . According to a Gallup poll , 19 % of Saudi Arabians are not religious and 5 % are atheists . In March 2014 , the Saudi interior ministry issued a royal decree branding all atheists as terrorists , which defines terrorism as `` calling for atheist thought in any form , or calling into question the fundamentals of the Islamic religion on which this country is based . '' Apostasy is punishable by the death penalty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37699c0e85ac49a1e96b6f4ea02e0dda", "text": "Naskh (tafsir) Naskh is an Arabic word usually translated as `` abrogation '' ; It is a term used in Islamic legal exegesis for seemingly contradictory material within , or between , the two primary sources of Islamic law : the Quran and the Sunna . Several Qur ` anic verses state that some revelations have been abrogated and superseded by later revelations , which are understood by many Muslim scholars as pertaining to the verses of the Quran itself . Neither the Quran nor the sayings of Muhammad state which verses stand abrogated . However , narrations from Muhammad 's companions inform about the abrogated verses or rulings of the religion ; and the principle of abrogation of an older verse by a new verse in the Quran , or within the Hadiths , was an established principle in Sharia at least by the 9th century . The possibility of abrogation between these two primary sources of Islam has been a more contentious issue . The allowability of abrogation between sources has been one of the major differences between the Shafi'i and Hanafi fiqhs , with the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence forbidding abrogation by the Sunna of the Qur ' ān , while the Hanafi school allowing abrogation by the Sunna of the Qur ' ān . Seventy-one of the Quran 's one hundred and fourteen surah contain abrogated verses according to one estimate . Muslim exegetes and jurists have disagreed and disputed the number of verses of the Quran and sunnah in the Hadiths recognized as abrogated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec51219b4e13e000ee5463df6ef1bad8", "text": "Yakub (Nation of Islam) Yakub ( sometimes spelled Yacub or Yaqub ) is a central figure of the Nation of Islam ( NOI ) . According to the story , Yakub was a black scientist who lived `` 6,600 years ago '' and began the creation of the white race to be a `` race of devils . '' He is said to have done this through a form of selective breeding referred to as `` grafting '' , while living on the island of Patmos . The Nation of Islam theology claims that Yakub is the biblical Jacob . Mainstream Sunni and Shia Muslims reject this belief , or anything similar to it . The story has caused disputes within the NOI during its history . Under its current leader Louis Farrakhan , the NOI continues to assert that the story of Yakub is true , stating that modern science is consistent with it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c237b451824f69f9bdb0ec1d440c2d18", "text": "Migration to Abyssinia The Migration to Abyssinia ( الهجرة إلى الحبشة , al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša ) , also known as the First Hegira ( هِجْرَة hijrah ) , was an episode in the early history of Islam , where Prophet Muhammad 's first followers ( the Sahabah ) fled from the persecution of the ruling Quraysh tribe of Mecca . They sought refuge in the Christian Kingdom of Aksum , present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea ( formerly referred to as Abyssinia , a name derived from the Arabic Al-Habash ) , in or . The Aksumite monarch who received them is known in Islamic sources as the Negus ( نجاشي najāšī ) Ashama ibn Abjar . Modern historians have alternatively identified him with King Armah and Ella Tsaham . Some of the exiles returned to Mecca and made the hijra to Medina with Muhammad , while others remained in Abyssinia until they came to Medina in 628 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15456a4ae311e64787edc14498b2e658", "text": "Islamic studies by author (non-Muslim or academic) Included are prominent authors who have made studies concerning Islam , the religion and its civilization , and the culture of Muslim peoples . Not included are those studies of Islam produced by Muslim authors meant primarily for a Muslim audience . Herein most of the authors from the early centuries of Islam belonged to non-Muslim societies , cultures , or religions . The primary intent of many early works was to inform non-Muslims about a distant and/or unfamiliar Islam ; some were clearly polemical in motivation and can not be termed objective . As time went on , academic standards were developed generally , and were increasingly applied to studies of Islam . Many of the authors here are of Christian provenance , yet there are also Jewish , Zoroastrian , Hindu , Sikh , Buddhist , Taoist , Confucian , Communist , and secular points of view . The most recent entries are often sourced in universities , and include works by Muslim professors whose publications address a worldwide audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7de33861521eb86a78b106dd72138039", "text": "Kafir Kafir ( كافر ; plural كفّار ; feminine كافرة ) is an Arabic term ( from the root K-F-R `` to cover '' ) meaning `` unbeliever '' , or `` disbeliever '' . The term alludes to a person who rejects or disbelieves in God and the teachings of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad , and denies the dominion and authority of God ; or otherwise does not heed the beliefs and prescriptions held by the religion of Islam . It is used as a derogatory term . Unbelief is called kufr . Kafir is sometimes used interchangeably with mushrik ( مشرك , those who commit polytheism ) , another type of religious wrongdoer mentioned frequently in the Quran and Islamic works . The practice of declaring another self-professed Muslim a kafir is known as takfir .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe7bef75a50c108845a76efa1dd03edf", "text": "Mirza Tahir Ahmad Mirza Tahir Ahmad ( -LSB- ) ( 18 December 1928 -- 19 April 2003 ) was Khalifatul Masih IV ( خليفة المسيح الرابع , khalīfatul masīh al-rābi ) and the head of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community . He was elected as the fourth successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad on 10 June 1982 , the day after the death of his predecessor , Mirza Nasir Ahmad . Following the Ordinance XX that was promulgated by the government of Pakistan in 1984 , which prohibited Ahmadi Muslims from any public expression of the Islamic faith , Tahir Ahmad left Pakistan and migrated to London , England , provisionally moving the headquarters of the community to the Fazl Mosque in London . He is noted particularly for his question and answer sessions which he held regularly with people from around the world and for his Quranic discourses . Under his leadership , there was an acceleration in the number of Quran translations produced by the community ; and during his caliphate , the community experienced structural and financial growth on an international level , including the launch of the first Muslim satellite television network , Muslim Television Ahmadiyya in 1994 through which he could communicate televised messages to the community globally and have his sermons and other public engagements transmitted throughout the world through this medium . Tahir Ahmad also authored many books including , Some Distinctive Features of Islam ; Christianity : a Journey From Facts to Fiction ; Murder in the name of Allah , and his magnum opus Revelation , Rationality , Knowledge & Truth . He initiated various funds for humanitarian causes such as the Maryam Shaadi Fund , used to assist deserving parents in marrying off their daughters , the Sayyidna Bilal Fund , for the welfare and upkeep of the families of martyrs who have been killed in the cause of the community and the Yatama Fund to provide financial assistance to orphans especially in Africa , India and Bangladesh . In 1994 , he also initiated the international charity organization Humanity First .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bc7cce14ba4dd82fd59e9bc50b90a2d", "text": "Palestinians The Palestinian people ( الشعب الفلسطيني , ash-sha ` b al-Filasṭīnī ) , also referred to as Palestinians ( الفلسطينيون , al-Filasṭīniyyūn , ) or Palestinian Arabs ( العربي الفلسطيني , al - ` arabi il-filastini ) , are an ethnonational group comprising the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries , including Jews and Samaritans , and who today are largely culturally and linguistically Arab . Despite various wars and exoduses ( such as that in 1948 ) , roughly one half of the world 's Palestinian population continues to reside in historic Palestine , the area encompassing the West Bank , the Gaza Strip and Israel . In this combined area , , Palestinians constituted 49 % of all inhabitants , encompassing the entire population of the Gaza Strip ( 1.865 million ) , the majority of the population of the West Bank ( approximately 2,785,000 versus close to 500,000 Jewish Israeli citizens which includes about 200,000 in East Jerusalem ) , and 20.8 % of the population of Israel proper as Arab citizens of Israel . Many are Palestinian refugees or internally displaced Palestinians , including more than a million in the Gaza Strip , three-quarters of a million in the West Bank , and about a quarter of a million in Israel proper . Of the Palestinian population who live abroad , known as the Palestinian diaspora , more than half are stateless lacking citizenship in any country . Between 2.1 and 3.24 million of the diaspora population live in neighboring Jordan , over 1 million live between Syria and Lebanon , a quarter of a million in Saudi Arabia , with Chile 's half a million representing the largest concentration outside the Arab world . Palestinian Christians and Muslims constituted 90 % of the population of Palestine on the eve of the third wave of Jewish immigration under the post-WW1 British Mandatory Authority , opposition to which spurred the consolidation of a unified national identity , fragmented as it was by regional , class , religious and family differences . The history of a distinct Palestinian national identity is a disputed issue amongst scholars . Legal historian Assaf Likhovski states that the prevailing view is that Palestinian identity originated in the early decades of the 20th century , when an embryonic desire among Palestinians for self-government in the face of generalized fears that Zionism would lead to a Jewish state and the dispossession of the Arab majority crystallised among most editors , Christian and Muslim , of local newspapers . `` Palestinian '' was used to refer to the nationalist concept of a Palestinian people by Palestinian Arabs in a limited way until World War I . After the creation of the State of Israel , the exodus of 1948 , and more so after the exodus of 1967 , the term came to signify not only a place of origin , but also the sense of a shared past and future in the form of a Palestinian state . Modern Palestinian identity now encompasses the heritage of all ages from biblical times up to the Ottoman period . Founded in 1964 , the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) is an umbrella organization for groups that represent the Palestinian people before the international community . The Palestinian National Authority , officially established as a result of the Oslo Accords , is an interim administrative body nominally responsible for governance in Palestinian population centers in the West Bank and Gaza Strip . Since 1978 , the United Nations has observed an annual International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People . According to Perry Anderson , it is estimated that half of the population in the Palestinian territories are refugees and that they have collectively suffered approximately $ 300 billion in property losses due to Israeli confiscations , at 2008-9 prices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84bc26a91b9341d4636f901aad88538", "text": "Religious traditionalism in Iran Traditionalism is one of the three basic types of Islam in Iran : traditionalism ( traditional humanism ) , modernism , and a variety of forms of revivalism usually brought together as fundamentalism . Until two hundred years ago , in spite of the many schools and interpretations , many Muslims in Iran lived within the tradition . It was a living tradition , emphasizing the harmony of law , art , and all forms of knowledge . Also a significant Iranian scholar followed the tradition of Persian sufism and pluralism . Currently in Iran there exist three main types of Islam : traditionalists ( represented by Hossein Nasr and Yousef Sanei ) , modernists ( represented by Abdolkarim Soroush ) and different groups under the conservative umbrella ( represented by Ruhollah Khomeini , Ali Khamenei , Mohammad-Taghi Bahjat , Naser Makarem Shirazi , Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi and Hossein Noori Hamedani ) . Iranian Islam differs from the mainstream Sunni Islam and may be better understood by studying the Shia history in Arabia and Iran . Some groups of conservatives and Traditionals humanists have tendencies toward mystical spiritualism and some of them are less political ( or apolitcal ) . In traditional schools , traditional astronomy and geometry are discussed as well as philosophy , Sufism and ethics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9697c94dad95616e67d1c02f4895c9f1", "text": "Ibadi The Ibāḍī movement , Ibadism or Ibāḍiyya , also known as the Ibadis ( الاباضية , al-Ibāḍiyyah ) , is a school of Islam dominant in Oman . It is also found in Algeria , Tunisia , Libya and East Africa . The movement is said to have been founded 20 years after the death of the Muslim prophet Muhammad , predating both the Sunni and Shia denominations . Some historians believe that the denomination is a reformed sect of the Khawarij movement ; Ibāḍīs , however , deny anything more than a passing relation to the Khawarij and point out that they merely developed out of the same precursor group called Muhakkima .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "057dc19851baca6fc2ee45da309aa116", "text": "Hanbali The Hanbali school is one of the four orthodox Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence ( fiqh ) . It is named after the Iraqi scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal ( d. 855 ) , and was institutionalized by his students . The Hanbali madhhab is the smallest of four major Sunni schools , the others being the Hanafi , Maliki and Shafi`i . Hanbali school derives Sharia predominantly from the Quran , the Hadiths ( sayings and customs of Muhammad ) , and the views of Sahabah ( Muhammad 's companions ) . In cases where there is no clear answer in sacred texts of Islam , the Hanbali school does not accept jurist discretion or customs of a community as a sound basis to derive Islamic law , a method that Hanafi and Maliki Sunni fiqhs accept . Hanbali school is the strict traditionalist school of jurisprudence in Sunni Islam . It is found primarily in Saudi Arabia and Qatar , where it is the official fiqh . Hanbali followers are the demographic majority in four emirates of UAE ( Sharjah , Umm al-Quwain , Ras al-Khaimah and Ajman ) . Large minorities of Hanbali followers are also found in Bahrain , Oman and Yemen and within Iraqi and Jordanian bedouins . The Hanbali school experienced a reformation in the Wahhabi-Salafist movement . Historically the school was small ; during the 18th to early-20th century Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Al Saud greatly aided its propagation around the world by way of their interpretation of the school 's teachings . As a result of this , the school 's name has become a controversial one in certain quarters of the Islamic world due to the influence he is believed by some to have had upon these teachings , which cites Ibn Hanbal as a principal influence along with the thirteenth-century Hanbali reformer Ibn Taymiyyah . However , it has been argued by certain scholars that Ibn Hanbal 's own beliefs actually played `` no real part in the establishment of the central doctrines of Wahhabism , '' as there is evidence , according to the same authors , that `` the older Hanbalite authorities had doctrinal concerns very different from those of the Wahhabis , '' rich as medieval Hanbali literature is in references to saints , grave visitation , miracles , and relics . Historically , the Hanbali school was treated as simply another valid interpretation of Islamic law , and many prominent medieval Sufis , such as Abdul Qadir Jilani , were Hanbali jurists and mystics at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1f86ae52130d5483bb674a70f3c73d", "text": "Islam in Asia Islam began in Asia in the 7th century during the lifetime of Muhammad . A number of adherents of Islam have lived in Asia & specially West Asia and South Asia since the beginning of Islamic history . Islam is said to have arrived in Manipur ( Northeast India ) in 615 AD via Chittagong which is part of present-day Bangladesh 's coast in the age of silk route ( both onland and by sea ) trades when Sa ` d ibn Abi Waqqas ( b.594-d .674 AD ) and others namely Uwais al-Qarni ( 594-657 ) , Khunais ibn Hudhaifa , Saeed ibn Zaid , Wahb Abu Kabcha , Jahsh and Jafar ibn Abu Talib preached there . The Barmakid family was an early supporter of the Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyads and of As-Saffah . This gave Khalid ibn Barmak considerable influence , and his son Yaḥyā ibn Khālid ( d. 806 ) was the vizier of the caliph al-Mahdi ( ruled 775 -- 785 ) and tutor of Hārūn ar-Rashīd ( ruled 786-809 ) . Yaḥyā 's sons al-Faḍl and Ja ` far ( 767-803 ) both occupied high offices under Harun . Many Barmakids were patrons of the sciences , which greatly helped the propagation of Indian science and scholarship from the neighbouring Academy of Gundishapur into the Arabic world . They patronized scholars such as Gebir and Jabril ibn Bukhtishu . They are also credited with the establishment of the first paper mill in Baghdad . The power of the Barmakids in those times is reflected in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights ; the vizier Ja ` far appears in several stories , as well as a tale that gave rise to the expression `` Barmecide feast '' . Many of the early governors of the Caliphate were Barmakids . Khalid ibn Barmak built Mansura , Sindh and later Baghdad . His son was the governor of what is now Azerbaijan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10dfaad496403db2cc2a0d0be58a2ca0", "text": "Moses in Islam Mûsâ al ibn Amram ( -LSB- ٰمُوسَى , Mūsa -RSB- ) known as Moses in the Hebrew Bible , considered a prophet , messenger , and leader in Islam , is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran . In Islamic tradition , instead of introducing a new religion , Musa is regarded by Muslims as teaching and practicing the religion of his predecessors and confirming the scriptures and prophets before him . The Quran states that Moses was sent by God to the Pharaoh of Egypt and the Israelites for guidance and warning . Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual , and his life is narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet . According to Islam , all Muslims must have faith in every prophet ( nabi ) and messenger ( rasul ) which includes Moses and his brother Aaron ( Harun ) . The Quran states : Moses is considered to be a prophetic predecessor to Muhammad . Generally attributed the tale of Moses as a spiritual parallel to the life of Muhammad , considering many aspects of their lives to be shared . Islamic literature also describes a parallel between their believers and the incidents which occurred in their lifetimes . The exodus of the Israelites from Egypt is considered similar to the migration ( hijra ) made by the followers of Muhammad . Moses ( Musa ) is also very important in Islam for having been given the revelation of the Torah , which is considered to be one of the true revealed scriptures in Muslim theology , and Muslims generally hold that much of the Torah is confirmed and repeated in the Qur ` an . Moreover , according to Islamic tradition , Moses was one of the many prophets Muhammad met in the event of the Mi ` raj , when he ascended through the seven heavens . In Muslim belief , Moses is regarded as having urged Muhammad during his Mi ` raj to reduce the number of prayers until they were only five remaining , which are regarded as being the five obligatory prayers . Moses is further revered in Islamic literature , which expands upon the incidents of his life and the miracles attributed to him in the Qur ` an and hadith , such as his direct conversation with God .", "title": "" } ]	fever
eb3cf93a9325ce888cc7cf984bf2c250	Tom Hiddleston appeared in a movie by the name of Crimson Peak.	[ { "docid": "2f5c6b8fe8a95205e243367b2fe221cf", "text": "Tom Hiddleston Thomas William Hiddleston ( born 9 February 1981 ) is an English actor , producer and musical performer . At the beginning of his career , he appeared in West End theatre productions of Cymbeline ( 2007 ) and Ivanov ( 2008 ) . He won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play for his role in Cymbeline and was also nominated for the same award for his role as Cassio in Othello . He came to wider public attention when cast as Loki in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , appearing in Thor ( 2011 ) , The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) , and Thor : Ragnarok ( 2017 ) . In 2011 , he won the Empire Award for Best Male Newcomer and was nominated for the BAFTA Rising Star Award . Hiddleston has also appeared in Steven Spielberg 's War Horse ( 2011 ) , The Deep Blue Sea ( 2011 ) , Woody Allen 's romantic comedy Midnight in Paris ( 2011 ) , the 2012 BBC series Henry IV and Henry V , and the romantic vampire film Only Lovers Left Alive ( 2013 ) . In late 2013 and early 2014 , Hiddleston starred as the title character in the Donmar Warehouse production of Coriolanus , winning the Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor . In 2015 , he starred in Guillermo del Toro 's Crimson Peak , Ben Wheatley 's High Rise , and played the troubled country music singer Hank Williams in the biopic I Saw The Light . In 2016 , he starred in and was an executive producer of the AMC / BBC limited series The Night Manager , for which he received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie and Outstanding Limited Series , and won his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0eba5f27df4d73d677eecef023455f45", "text": "Ambleton Delight Ambleton Delight is a 2009 British independent drama film . Filmed exclusively in East Sussex , UK it is directed by Brighton and Hove based Daniel Parkes , based on a script by Japanese writer Itsuka Yamasaki and Ben Rohde , produced by Sinéad Ferguson and starring veteran Coronation Street actor Brian Capron . The production company is Parkes Productions Ltd based in the Brighton Marina on the south coast of England . The film score was composed by Iain Cameron and includes appearances by British bands Swallowing Shotguns and MellowSun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1113b7cce715675d24f94b6ce86ac447", "text": "Tom Hardy Edward Thomas Hardy ( born 15 September 1977 ) is an English actor and producer . His motion picture debut was in Ridley Scott 's 2001 action film Black Hawk Down . Hardy 's other notable films include the science fiction film Star Trek : Nemesis ( 2002 ) , the crime film RocknRolla ( 2008 ) , biographical psychological drama Bronson ( 2008 ) , sports drama Warrior ( 2011 ) , Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy ( 2011 ) , crime drama Lawless ( 2012 ) , drama Locke ( 2013 ) , mobster film The Drop ( 2014 ) , and the biographical western thriller The Revenant ( 2015 ) , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He portrayed `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky in the post-apocalyptic film Mad Max : Fury Road ( 2015 ) , and both of the Kray twins in the crime thriller Legend ( 2015 ) . He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films : the science fiction thriller Inception ( 2010 ) , portrayed Bane in the superhero film The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , and the action-thriller Dunkirk ( 2017 ) based on the British evacuation in World War II . Hardy 's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) , the BBC historical drama miniseries The Virgin Queen ( 2005 ) , ITV 's Wuthering Heights ( 2008 ) , the Sky 1 drama series The Take ( 2009 ) , and the BBC historical crime drama television series Peaky Blinders ( 2013 ) . He created , co-produced and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo ( 2017 ) on BBC One and FX . Hardy has performed on both British and American stages . He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the 2003 production of In Arabia We 'd All Be Kings , and was awarded the 2003 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We 'd All be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood . He starred in the 2007 production of The Man of Mode and received positive reviews for his role in the 2010 Philip Seymour Hoffman-directed play The Long Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c42844a1a1fc778ea322ede39a2664fc", "text": "Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war . Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8286ee7c8e2c1ce73c57414343e24ee5", "text": "Deep Water (film) Deep Water is a documentary film , directed by Jerry Rothwell and Louise Osmond , produced by Jonny Persey , opening in the UK on 15 December 2006 . It is based on the true story of Donald Crowhurst and the 1969 Sunday Times Golden Globe Race round the world alone in a yacht . The film has received critical acclaim . The official poster quotes The Daily Telegraph , `` A movie which will reduce the hardest of hearts to a shipwreck '' . The film won the Best Documentary award at the 2006 Rome International Film Festival and a commendation in the Australian Film Critics Association 2007 Film Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7998c5a720f81e7208f8b0411d11ed31", "text": "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film) The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner is a 1962 film based on the short story of the same name . The screenplay , like the story , was written by Alan Sillitoe . The film was directed by Tony Richardson , one of the new young directors emerging from documentary films , a series of 1950s filmmakers known as the Free Cinema movement . It tells the story of a rebellious youth ( played by Tom Courtenay ) , sentenced to a borstal ( ` Approved School ' ) for burgling a bakery , who gains privileges in the institution through his prowess as a long-distance runner . During his solitary runs reveries of important events before his incarceration lead him to re-evaluate his status as the Governor 's ( played by Michael Redgrave ) prize athlete , eventually prizing a rebellious act of personal autonomy notwithstanding an immediate loss in privileges . The film poster 's byline is `` you can play by the rules ... or you can play it by ear - WHAT COUNTS is you play it right by YOU ... '' . . The notion is echoed by other contemporary films such as a rapid series of three contemporary Lone Ranger films . Depicting a bleak , elitist Britain in the late 1950s to early 1960s for the working to middle class , the writer was one of the angry young men producing media vaunting or depicting the plight of rebellious youths . The film has characters entrenched in their social context . Class consciousness abounds throughout : the `` them '' and `` us '' notions which Richardson stresses reflect the very basis of British society at the time , so that Redgrave 's `` proper gentleman '' of a Governor is in contrast to many of the young working class inmates . Much of the screenplay takes place in and around Ruxley Towers , Claygate , Surrey -- a Victorian mock castle built by Lord Foley ( ` Ruxton Towers ' ) . The building had been used as a NAAFI base in the war , giving it a military atmosphere . The original trumpet theme to the film was performed by Fred Muscroft ( the Scots Guards Principal Cornet at the time ) . The film 's words were heavily sampled in the 1980s Chumbawamba track `` Alright Now '' and text monologues from the book upon which the film is based was printed on the record/cassette covers of their single `` Just Look at Me Now '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c61475141ef1d51ae6edcab3d863f", "text": "Little Boy (film) Little Boy is a 2015 World War II war fantasy-drama film directed by Alejandro Gómez Monteverde . The screenplay is by Monteverde and Pepe Portillo , and the film was produced by Eduardo Verástegui and Leo Severino , edited by Joan Sobel and Fernando Villena . The film stars Jakob Salvati , Emily Watson , Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa , Michael Rapaport , David Henrie , Ben Chaplin , Eduardo Verástegui , Ted Levine , Abraham Benrubi , Tom Wilkinson . The title is a reference to Little Boy , the code name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima as well as a reference to Pepper , the main character 's height . The film was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24 , 2015 , by Open Road Films . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment . The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and it earned $ 17 million on a $ 20 million budget . The story of the movie is being used in the 2017 Bollywood movie Tubelight starring Salman Khan in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c32c3dfd169aa602a9edd5b2b48d24a8", "text": "Matilda (novel) Matilda is a children 's novel by British writer Roald Dahl . Matilda won the Children 's Book Award in 1999 . It was published in 1988 by Jonathan Cape in London , with 232 pages and illustrations by Quentin Blake . It was adapted as an audio reading by actress Kate Winslet , a 1996 feature film directed by Danny DeVito , a two-part BBC Radio 4 programme starring Lauren Mote as Matilda , Nichola McAuliffe as Miss Trunchbull and narrated by Lenny Henry , and a 2010 musical . In 2012 Matilda was ranked number 30 among all-time children 's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal , a monthly with primarily US audience . It was the first of four books by Dahl among the Top 100 , more than any other writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dbfd1cea9ace7721909ada2d6207b8", "text": "List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 . Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4402c202dd1d6ac91f2c716e8ced104d", "text": "Shropshire Hills The Shropshire Hills are one of the natural regions of England . They lie wholly within the county of Shropshire and encompass several distinctive and well-known landmarks , such as the Long Mynd , Wenlock Edge , The Wrekin and the Clees . The Shropshire Hills lie south of the county capital of Shrewsbury between the Welsh border and Much Wenlock , extending as far south as Ludlow . To the north they are bounded by the Shropshire , Cheshire and Staffordshire Plain , to the east by the Severn Valley and Mid Severn Sandstone Plateau , to the southeast by Knighton and the Teme Valley and to the southwest by the Clun and North West Herefordshire Hills . The Shropshire Hills are listed as Natural Area No. 42 and also as National Character Area 65 by Natural England , the UK Government 's advisor on the natural environment . The NCA covers an area of 107902 ha and measure around 50 km from west to east and north to south . The dominant pattern of the hills is a series of southwest to northeast ridges , scarps and valleys . They are characterized by steep , rounded ` whaleback ' hills , often crowned with open moorland , with woodland dressing the steeper slopes . There are scattered farms in dales and sheltering in valleys ; larger settlements being confined to the Stretton Valley and A49 corridor . Roughly a half of the NCA lies within the Shropshire Hills AONB . In addition , the region contains two Special Areas of Conservation ( The Stiperstones & The Hollies SAC ; Downton Gorge SAC ) and a national nature reserve ( The Stiperstones NNR ) as well as 73 Sites of Special Scientific Interest , the latter totalling 4,893 ha . Its major watercourses are the rivers Corve , Onny , Severn and Teme and the Ledwyche and Rea Brooks . The average elevation is 84 m ; the highest point is Brown Clee Hill at 540 m. Significant summits in the Shropshire Hills include : Brown Clee ( 540m ) , Stiperstones ( 536m ) , Titterstone Clee ( 533m ) , Long Mynd ( Pole Bank ) ( 516m ) , Caer Caradoc ( 459m ) , Heath Mynd ( 452m ) , Hope Bowdler ( 426m ) , The Wrekin ( 407m ) , Ragleth Hill ( 398m ) , Lawley ( 377m ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ae271e575042c3cf7d10dd2123893b", "text": "John Stratton (actor) John Stratton ( 7 November 1925 -- 25 October 1991 ) was a British actor , born in Clitheroe , Lancashire , where he kept his permanent home . He is perhaps best known for his early film roles during the fifties , where he played the young apprentice parts of Ferraby and Ward opposite Jack Hawkins in both The Cruel Sea ( 1953 ) and The Long Arm ( 1956 ) respectively . He played a similar role on television in the third Quatermass serial Quatermass and the Pit , essaying the role of Captain Potter opposite André Morell '' 's Professor Bernard Quatermass . Older and less boyish by the sixties , he emerged as character actor of some range , playing numerous roles in many television programmes of the decade including the part of alcoholic journalist Fred Blane in It 's Dark Outside . Other TV appearances include Dixon of Dock Green , The Avengers , Armchair Theatre , The Man in Room 17 , Public Eye , Mr. Rose , Z-Cars , Sherlock Holmes ( playing Inspector Athelney Jones ) , Coronation Street , UFO , The Rivals of Sherlock Holmes , Hadleigh , Softly , Softly , The Pallisers , Fall of Eagles , Backs to the Land , The Professionals , Doctor Who ( in the serial The Two Doctors ) , Juliet Bravo and Lovejoy '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96732d55c5cf3bec456c12b33a3fbd4d", "text": "Derbyshire moors The Derbyshire moors are moorlands in the English county of Derbyshire , and form the southern part of the Peak District . They include : Beeley Moor East Moor Brampton East Moor Gibbet Moor Harewood Moor", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564a7de7bce737c03c5d5db65321ea4e", "text": "Stanton in Peak Stanton in Peak ( also written Stanton-in-Peak ) is a village in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire , It is about seven miles north-west of Matlock , on the north side of Stanton Moor , from Birchover . The name of the civil parish is Stanton with a population taken at the 2011 census of 365 . There is a fine 19th century Parish Church , and many fine stone houses , with mullion windows . There is also a stately home , Stanton Park , a combination of the English Classical style , and later Palladian alterations , which is a private house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdb97316d245ed11160baf0093077d79", "text": "The Wooden Horse The Wooden Horse is a 1950 British Second World War war film starring Leo Genn , David Tomlinson and Anthony Steel . It was directed by Jack Lee . It is based on the book of the same name by Eric Williams , who also wrote the screenplay . The film depicts the true events of an escape attempt made by POWs in the German prison camp Stalag Luft III . The wooden horse in the title of the film is a piece of exercise equipment the prisoners use to conceal their escape attempt as well as a reference to the Trojan Horse which was also used to conceal men within . It was shot in a low-key style , with a limited budget and a cast including many amateur actors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70547857d976e7a5dd6bbb5d028bfe09", "text": "The Damned United The Damned United is a 2009 British biographical sports drama film directed by Tom Hooper and adapted by Peter Morgan from David Peace 's bestselling novel The Damned Utd , a largely fictional book based on the author 's interpretation of Brian Clough 's ill-fated tenure as football manager of Leeds United in 1974 . It was produced by BBC Films and Left Bank Pictures with additional funding from Screen Yorkshire and Columbia Pictures . Sony Pictures Entertainment distributed the film . The film was originally proposed by Stephen Frears but he pulled out of the project in November 2007 . Hooper took his place and film was shot from May to July 2008 . The film marks the fifth collaboration between screenwriter Peter Morgan and actor Michael Sheen who plays Clough . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 27 March 2009 and in North America on 25 September . The film grossed $ 4.1 million worldwide against a $ 10 million production budget . The film received nominations for the British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actor , the ALFS Award for British Supporting Actor of the Year , the Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture , Drama and Best Actor in a Supporting Role and the Writers ' Guild of Great Britain Award for Best Feature Film Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e00aa06a8046bacc89227541280a07d5", "text": "Great Ridge Great Ridge is a ridge separating the vales of Edale and Castleton in Derbyshire , England . It extends for approximately 3 km from Mam Tor at the western end of the ridge to Lose Hill at the eastern end , the lowest point being Hollins Cross . A path runs along the length of the ridge , and is roughly paved to prevent erosion caused by the large number of visitors . The only steep section of the path is Back Tor , just east of Hollins Cross , which may not be suitable for the very infirm . West of Mam Tor , the high ground continues , slightly changing direction , as Rushup Edge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d4486529f794ae82edf71981c55860a", "text": "John Justin John Justin ( 24 November 1917 -- 29 November 2002 ) was a British stage and film actor . John Justinian de Ledesma was born in London , England , the son of a well-off Argentine rancher . Though he grew up on his father 's ranch , he was educated at Bryanston School in Bryanston , Dorset . He developed an interest in flying and became a qualified pilot at the age of 12 , though he was not allowed to fly solo at the time because of his age . He became interested in acting at a young age . By the age of 16 , he had joined the Plymouth Repertory . In 1937 , he briefly trained with the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art , but did not like it and soon joined the repertory company of John Gielgud . In 1938 , he auditioned for and won the role for which he is perhaps best remembered , Ahmad in the 1940 version of The Thief of Bagdad , opposite Sabu . The Second World War broke out during the film 's production . After completing the picture , Justin joined the Royal Air Force , serving as a test pilot and flying instructor . He also worked on two films , The Gentle Sex ( 1943 ) with Leslie Howard , and Journey Together ( 1944 ) , an RAF feature film with a cast led by Richard Attenborough , Jack Watling and David Tomlinson ; with a special appearance by the American film star , Edward G. Robinson . Legendary silent film star Bessie Love also appeared in the cast . With the war 's end , Justin returned to acting . He made more films , such as David Lean 's The Sound Barrier ( 1952 ) , Island in the Sun ( 1957 ) and Lisztomania ( 1975 ) , but his strong preference was for the stage . He became a member of the Old Vic company in 1959 . He made his Broadway debut in 1960 in the play Little Moon of Alban . In 1979 , he played the ghoulish lover in the BBC 's dramatisation of Le Fanu 's Strange Incident in the Life of Schalcken the Painter , one of its Christmas ghost stories . In 1968 , he played Thorin Oakenshield in the BBC Radio adaptation of The Hobbit . Justin was married three times , first to dancer and choreographer Pola Nirenska . His second marriage , to actress Barbara Murray , lasted from 1952 to 1964 ; they had three daughters . From 1970 to his death in 2002 , he was married to Alison McMurdo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a4b2b5383377c04fbbf0691df15d0f3", "text": "The Cheviot The Cheviot ( / ` tʃiːvɪət / ) is the highest summit in the Cheviot Hills in the far north of England , only 2 km from the Scottish border . It is the last major peak on the Pennine Way , if travelling from south to north , before the descent into Kirk Yetholm . Other than the route via the Pennine Way , most routes up The Cheviot start from the Harthope Burn side to the northeast , which provides the nearest access by road . The summit is around 5 km from the road-end at Langleeford . There are routes following the ridges above either side of the valley , and a route that sticks to the valley floor until it climbs to the summit of The Cheviot from the head of the valley . Although the Pennine Way itself does a two-mile out-and-back detour to the Cheviot , many walkers who come this way omit it , since the stage ( the last ) is 29 miles long . The summit of the Cheviot is very flat . It is an ancient , extinct volcano . It is covered with an extensive peat bog up to 2 m deep ; the Northumberland National Park authority have laid down stone slabs on the main access footpath to prevent erosion damage to the peat and to make the approach to the summit safer for walkers . North of the summit , in the peat bogs , are the remains of a crashed B-17 bomber , which hit the mountain due to a navigational error in World War II . The more recognisable pieces of wreckage have been removed , but pieces of the aircraft can still be found .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "565fcb7ebd09231b2464969ce911e792", "text": "Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo is a 1944 American war film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It is based on the true story of the Doolittle Raid , America 's first retaliatory air strike against Japan four months after the December 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . Mervyn LeRoy directed Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo and Sam Zimbalist produced the film . The screenplay by Dalton Trumbo was based on the 1943 book of the same name , written by Captain Ted W. Lawson , a pilot who participated in the raid . In both the book and the film , Lawson gives an eyewitness account of the training , the mission , and the aftermath as experienced by his crew and others who flew the mission on April 18 , 1942 . Lawson piloted `` The Ruptured Duck '' , the seventh of 16 B-25s to take off from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet aka , `` Shangri-La . '' Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo stars Van Johnson as Lawson , Phyllis Thaxter as his wife Ellen , Robert Walker as Corporal David Thatcher , Robert Mitchum as Lieutenant Bob Gray and Spencer Tracy as Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle , the man who planned and led the raid . The film is noted for its accurate depiction of the historical details of the raid , as well as its use of actual wartime footage of the bombers in some flying scenes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
231fd2042e5bfaf9bfb0257b6d79cc65	Transformers: Age of Extinction was banned in IMAX.	[ { "docid": "2e416dfecb6562ec31828b04569e80b2", "text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction Transformers : Age of Extinction is a 2014 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers franchise . It is the fourth installment of the live-action Transformers film series and a stand-alone sequel to 2011 's Transformers : Dark of the Moon , taking place five years after its events . Like its predecessors , it was directed by Michael Bay and written by Ehren Kruger , with Steven Spielberg and Bay as executive producers . It stars Mark Wahlberg , with Peter Cullen reprising his role as the voice of Optimus Prime , as the lead roles . It is the first film in the series to not feature the original human characters from the first three films , but features a new cast of human characters and many new Transformers including : the Dinobots , Lockdown , Stinger , Junkheap , Hound , Crosshairs and Drift . Returning Transformers include : Optimus Prime , Bumblebee , Ratchet , Leadfoot , Brains and Megatron ( now known as Galvatron ) . The film was released on June 27 , 2014 , in IMAX and 3D . Transformers : Age of Extinction was panned by critics , many of whom considered it poorly directed , badly acted , and terribly written . According to Rotten Tomatoes , it is the worst reviewed film in the series , holding an 18 % approval rating . It also received seven nominations at the 35th Golden Raspberry Awards , including Worst Picture and Worst Prequel , Remake , Rip-off or Sequel , with Bay and Kelsey Grammer winning the awards for Worst Director and Worst Supporting Actor respectively . The film grossed over $ 1.104 billion worldwide , making it the highest-grossing film of 2014 , the second highest-grossing film in the Transformers series , the 19th film to gross over $ 1 billion , and the 16th highest-grossing film of all time . It was the only film to gross over $ 1 billion in 2014 . A sequel , Transformers : The Last Knight , is set to be released on June 21 , 2017 , with Cullen , Tucci , and Wahlberg returning , and Bay directing .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38a524684473b549cb512b3c56985b4e", "text": "MGM Channel (Europe) MGM Channel , sometimes called just MGM and in Spain Canal MGM , was a European 24-hour film channel that was launched by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios in 1999 . The programming of the channel mainly consisted of movies from MGM 's library comprising approximately 4,000 titles , including West Side Story , The Adventures of Priscilla , Queen of the Desert , Madhouse , The Manchurian Candidate , 12 Angry Men , amongst many others . The main language was in English and the films were locally subtitled or dubbed . Some cable operators did offer MGM video on demand . The European version has been operated by AMC Networks International Zone and was fully owned by AMC Networks . Only the German version of the MGM Channel is still owned by MGM . The channel rebranded as AMC on 5 November 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0b813faaff83452ca7dd7cf6e2b7169", "text": "Odeon Cinemas Odeon is a cinema company operating in the United Kingdom and Ireland , which along with UCI Cinemas is part of the Odeon Cinemas Group . It uses the famous name of the Odeon cinema circuit first introduced in Britain in 1930 . The first Odeon cinema was opened by Oscar Deutsch in 1928 , in Brierley , Staffordshire , although initially called `` Picture House '' . The first cinema to use the Odeon brand name was Deutsch 's cinema at Perry Barr , Birmingham in 1930 . Ten years later Odeon was part of the Rank Organisation who continued their ownership of the circuit for a further sixty years . Through a number of sales and acquisitions in the early 2000s the company was purchased by Terra Firma , which merged Odeon and UCI Cinemas to form Odeon UCI Cinemas Group . Most UCI cinemas then took the Odeon brand name in 2006 . Terra Firma sold the company to AMC Theatres in November 2016 . In 2016 , Odeon was the largest cinema chain in the United Kingdom by market share ( although the Irish cinemas were also included within this figure ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a2079b0b44e245effbe1b6f948c6ba", "text": "Machinima Machinima ( -LSB- məˈʃiːnᵻmə -RSB- or -LSB- məˈʃɪnᵻmə -RSB- ) is the use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production . Most often video games are used to generate the computer animation . Machinima-based artists , sometimes called machinimists or machinimators , are often fan laborers , by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials ( see below ) . Machinima offers to provide an archive of gaming performance and access to the look and feel of software and hardware that may already have become unavailable or even obsolete ; for game studies , `` Machinima 's gestures grant access to gaming 's historical conditions of possibility and how machinima offers links to a comparative horizon that informs , changes , and fully participates in videogame culture . '' The practice of using graphics engines from video games arose from the animated software introductions of the 1980s demoscene , Disney Interactive Studios ' 1992 video game Stunt Island , and 1990s recordings of gameplay in first-person shooter ( FPS ) video games , such as id Software 's Doom and Quake . Originally , these recordings documented speedruns -- attempts to complete a level as quickly as possible -- and multiplayer matches . The addition of storylines to these films created `` Quake movies '' . The more general term machinima , a portmanteau of machine cinema , arose when the concept spread beyond the Quake series to other games and software . After this generalization , machinima appeared in mainstream media , including television series and advertisements . Machinima has advantages and disadvantages when compared to other styles of filmmaking . Its relative simplicity over traditional frame-based animation limits control and range of expression . Its real-time nature favors speed , cost saving , and flexibility over the higher quality of pre-rendered computer animation . Virtual acting is less expensive , dangerous , and physically restricted than live action . Machinima can be filmed by relying on in-game artificial intelligence ( AI ) or by controlling characters and cameras through digital puppetry . Scenes can be precisely scripted , and can be manipulated during post-production using video editing techniques . Editing , custom software , and creative cinematography may address technical limitations . Game companies have provided software for and have encouraged machinima , but the widespread use of digital assets from copyrighted games has resulted in complex , unresolved legal issues . Machinima productions can remain close to their gaming roots and feature stunts or other portrayals of gameplay . Popular genres include dance videos , comedy , and drama . Alternatively , some filmmakers attempt to stretch the boundaries of the rendering engines or to mask the original 3-D context . The Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences ( AMAS ) , a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting machinima , recognizes exemplary productions through Mackie awards given at its annual Machinima Film Festival . Some general film festivals accept machinima , and game companies , such as Epic Games , Blizzard Entertainment and Jagex , have sponsored contests involving it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6c96a25612f149b770d1631321153c", "text": "Egyptian Theatre Egyptian-style theatres are based on the traditional and historic design elements of Ancient Egypt . The first Egyptian Theatre to be constructed in the US -- which inspired many of the identically-named theatres that followed it -- was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood , California . For several years , Hollywood developer Charles E. Toberman attempted to convince Sid Grauman to locate in Hollywood . During a meeting , Sid told Mr. Toberman of his desire to build a theatre of Egyptian design . Mr. Toberman then secured a piece of property on Hollywood Boulevard , just east of McCadden Place . The architectural firm of Meyer & Holler were hired to design the theatre . The result was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre with a seating of 1770 . The approach to the theatre was through a courtyard . Inside , the stage was flanked by carved columns and models of the Sphinx . The theatre was opened on October 19 , 1922 with the grand premiere of `` Robin Hood '' starring Douglas Fairbanks . `` In a 1983 article in Hollywood Studio Magazine , Mike Hughes wrote of the Egyptian : `` A survivor of the decay that unfortunately characterizes the Hollywood Boulevard of today , the Egyptian is a reminder of the glamour that once made the Boulevard famous . Perhaps through the dedicated efforts of such citizens as Bruce Torrence , author of Hollywood : The First 100 Years and grandson of Mr. Charles Toberman , who built the Egyptian , the Hollywood Boulevard of yesteryear will reappear some great day in the future . When that happens , the Egyptian Theatre , jewel that it is , will be there to herald in the new age of film town . '' '' United Artists was the last owner of the Egyptian Theatre before it closed in 1992 . The American Cinematheque purchased the theatre from the city for $ 1 with the provision that this historical landmark would be restored to its original grandeur and re-opened as a movie theatre showcasing the organizations celebrated , public programming . '' The Eldorado Theatre located in Eldorado Amusement Park , Weehawken , New Jersey opened in 1891 and featured ` Egypt Through Centuries ' each evening . The creators of the park , Palisades Amusement and Exhibition Company , published a book titled `` Egypt Through the Centuries '' in 1892 . Many of the other theatres that copied Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre were part of the wave of Egyptian revival architecture that occurred after the November 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb by Howard Carter . Unlike the many theatres that followed in its wake , Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre was designed , built , named and opened before the 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb . The news of the tomb 's discovery reached the US a few weeks after the theatre opened . Early in the 20th century , it is estimated that up to 100 of these theatre types were constructed across the US . Many of them no longer exist , but there are many fine examples of this style still in use today . Conrad Schmitt Studios has played a big part in the restoration of these atmospheric theatres , including Egyptian Theatres in Park City , Utah , Ogden , Utah , Boise , Idaho , Delta , Colorado , and DeKalb , Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b246240eb97d10fe7b69cbcc8cb5d231", "text": "Transformers: Energon Transformers : Energon , known in Japan as , is the 2004 -- 2005 Transformers toyline , animated series , and comic book series , another co-production between Hasbro and Takara and a direct sequel to Transformers : Armada . It is also the first Japanese Transformers show where the Transformers are computer-generated ( CG ) , in a cel-shaded technique similar to the Zoids anime , which was a trend that would continue into the next series , Transformers : Cybertron . Needless to say , Energon had worse production mishaps than Armada . In this series , the Transformers ' primary gimmicks are the Autobots ' ability to combine with partners of the same size , the Decepticons ' ability to use powered up forms , and the addition of Energon weapons and stars that can be placed on any Transformer . Mini-Cons , from the previous line , are still present , but all Mini-Con pegs are `` dead '' , and they do not activate a function on the toy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cbb2a651abea3d66f86aecba51077df", "text": "SANDDE SANDDE is a software and hardware system , developed primarily by IMAX Corporation , designed to create hand-drawn , stereoscopic 3D animation content . SANDDE is an acronym for `` Stereoscopic ANimation Drawing DEvice '' and is a play on the Japanese term for `` 3D '' , which is pronounced `` San-D '' . The concept of SANDDE is to enable artists to draw and animate in three-dimensional space . It is intended to be intuitively usable , like a pencil . As an art form , SANDDE incorporates aspects of drawing , painting , sculpture and puppetry . Unlike most other 3D computer graphic animation tools , SANDDE does not require the construction of mathematically defined models . The main input device is a `` wand '' which allows the user to create drawings in the air . Animators sit in virtual stereoscopic theaters and , using a specialized `` wand , '' draw in space to create individual frames and then animate their creations using the interactive capabilities of the wand to create shots , sequences , and complete movies . SANDDE was originally developed by IMAX in the mid-1990s , and was used to create one IMAX short ( Paint Misbehavin -LSB- 1997 -RSB- ) and portions of two other IMAX feature films : Mark Twain 3D ( 1999 ) and Cyberworld ( 2000 ) . Thereafter , IMAX stopped active development of the system but provided licenses for use and future development to the National Film Board of Canada for artistic experimentation and to Janro Imaging Laboratory to explore commercial use of the application . The former has used SANDDE in numerous stereoscopic productions including Falling in Love Again '' , Moonman , June , The Wobble Incident , Subconscious Password , and Minotaur , while the latter has licensed SANDDE for Ultimate Wave 3D and Legends of Flight , both produced by the Stephen Low Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ca9a037e3440c74d8c1aa800b03edb", "text": "Lorenzo di Bonaventura Lorenzo di Bonaventura ( -LSB- loˈrɛntso di bɔ nɑ vɛnˈtu rɑ -RSB- ; born November 29 , 1957 ) is an American film producer and founder of his company Di Bonaventura Pictures . He is best known for producing the Transformers film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246ed60729921d67c91eba8182817aa3", "text": "The Movie Channel This article is about the American premium cable-satellite television network and sister channel of Showtime . For the unrelated , defunct television channel in the United Kingdom , see The Movie Channel ( UK ) . For the programming format of television channels focused on movies , see movie channel . Not to be confused with the Canadian premium television service The Movie Network . The Movie Channel ( sometimes abbreviated as TMC ) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by the Showtime Networks , Inc. subsidiary of CBS Corporation . The network 's programming mainly features first-run theatrically released and independently produced motion pictures , along with softcore adult erotica , and during promotional breaks between films , special behind-the-scenes features and movie trivia . Originally operated and sold as a standalone service , at present , The Movie Channel is receivable to cable and satellite subscribers primarily as part of the multiplex tier of parent network Showtime . The channel , along with its parent network Showtime and sister network Flix , are headquartered at Paramount Plaza on the northern end of New York City 's Broadway district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db78e203bc4ec780312679f68b51ceb0", "text": "Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film 's suitability for certain audiences based on its content . The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme that is not enforced by law ; films can be exhibited without a rating , although many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films . Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating . Other media , such as television programs and video games , is rated by other entities such as the ESRB and the TV Parental Guidelines . The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems that are used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children . It is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration ( CARA ) , an independent division of the MPAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "418253513a117f7e21f5fb36fb53441c", "text": "Adult movie theater An adult movie theatre is a euphemistic term for a movie theatre designed only for the exhibition of pornographic films . Adult movie theatres show pornographic films primarily for either a respectively heterosexual or homosexual audience . For the patrons , rules are generally less strict regarding partial - or full-nudity and public masturbation or sex , and such behavior may be condoned explicitly or otherwise by the management . Such behavior may or may not be legal , and if not , may or may not be overlooked by local law enforcement . Certain theaters may also include a stripshow or sex show between films , or other sex industry services . Before the VCR and , later , the internet , a movie theatre or cinema house was often the only location where people could see hard-core erotic films . The spread of home videos has led to a drastic reduction in the number of adult theatres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2302f25385b7506429b77c976cb10156", "text": "CineStar IMAX Lahore CineStar ( or Cinestar IMAX Cinema ) is the first IMAX and one of the top 3D movie theatres in Pakistan . It is based in Township , Lahore , Punjab . In March 2012 it was reported that CineStar had signed on an agreement with IMAX Corporation to open up IMAX theatres in Pakistan . In March 2014 , it was announced that Pepsi Pakistan and CineStar had signed on to be partners and acquired the rights for IMAX theatres across Pakistan . The IMAX was launched on June 26 , 2014 with the release of Transformers : Age of Extinction in Pakistan . Good cinema", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
6dfacbf9e048c6795ec6d6eaf6d21ddb	Aaliyah was born in Brooklyn.	[ { "docid": "886cadfd65e5b34ebb8495653bb4a22b", "text": "Aaliyah Aaliyah Dana Haughton ( -LSB- ɑ : ˈliːə -RSB- January 16 , 1979 -- August 25 , 2001 ) was an American singer , actress , and model . She was born in Brooklyn , New York , and raised in Detroit , Michigan . At the age of 10 , she appeared on the television show Star Search and performed in concert alongside Gladys Knight . At age 12 , Aaliyah signed with Jive Records and her uncle Barry Hankerson 's Blackground Records . Hankerson introduced her to R. Kelly , who became her mentor , as well as lead songwriter and producer of her debut album , Age Ai n't Nothing but a Number . The album sold three million copies in the United States and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . After facing allegations of an illegal marriage with R. Kelly , Aaliyah ended her contract with Jive and signed with Atlantic Records . Aaliyah worked with record producers Timbaland and Missy Elliott for her second album , One in a Million , which sold 3 million copies in the United States and over eight million copies worldwide . In 2000 , Aaliyah appeared in her first film , Romeo Must Die . She contributed to the film 's soundtrack , which spawned the single `` Try Again '' . The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 solely on airplay , making Aaliyah the first artist in Billboard history to achieve this goal . `` Try Again '' earned Aaliyah a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female R&B Vocalist . After completing Romeo Must Die , Aaliyah filmed her role in Queen of the Damned . She released her third and final album , Aaliyah , in July 2001 . On August 25 , 2001 , Aaliyah and eight others were killed in a plane crash in the Bahamas after filming the music video for the single `` Rock the Boat '' . The pilot , Luis Morales III , was unlicensed at the time of the accident and toxicology tests revealed that he had traces of cocaine and alcohol in his system . Aaliyah 's family later filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Blackhawk International Airways , which was settled out of court . Aaliyah 's music has continued to achieve commercial success with several posthumous releases . Aaliyah has sold an estimated 24 to 32 million albums worldwide . She has been credited for helping redefine contemporary R&B , pop and hip hop , earning her the nicknames `` Princess of R&B '' and `` Queen of Urban Pop '' . She is listed by Billboard as the tenth most successful female R&B artist of the past 25 years and 27th most successful R&B artist in history .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bf20526dc165875a2f5892a9e9f5fa58", "text": "Amil (rapper) Amil Kahala Whitehead ( born September 19 , 1973 ) , more commonly known by her stage name Amil , is an American rapper , singer , and songwriter from New York City . She was prominent in the late 1990s as a Jay-Z protégé , most notably on the single `` Can I Get A. . . '' from the Rush Hour soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "142f4db8dd947a1f467cd6d048a478f8", "text": "Brooklyn Community Board 12 Brooklyn Community Board 12 is New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Borough Park , Kensington , Ocean Parkway , and Midwood . It is delimited by 61st Street on the west , 8th Avenue , 37th Street and Caton Avenue on the north , Coney Island Avenue , 18th Street , MacDonald Avenue and Long Island Rail Road on the east , as well as by Avenue P on the south . Its current chairman is Yidel Perlstein , and its district manager is Barry Spitzer . As of the United States Census 2000 , the Community Board has a population of 185,046 , up from 160,018 in 1990 and 155,903 in 1980 . Of them ( as of 2000 ) , 120,697 ( 65.2 % ) are White non Hispanic , 5,398 ( 2.9 % ) are African-American , 26,030 ( 14.1 % ) Asian or Pacific Islander , 206 ( 0.1 % ) American Indian or Native Alaskan , 2,089 ( 1.1 % ) of some other race , 6,224 ( 3.4 % ) of two or more race , 24,402 ( 13.2 % ) of Hispanic origins . 44.1 % of the population benefit from public assistance as of 2004 , up from 25.6 % in 2000 . The land area is 2304.1 acre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46d0da329c2aab3008217e19ab1d634d", "text": "Oh Land Nanna Øland Fabricius ( born 2 May 1985 ) , better known by her stage name Oh Land , is a Danish singer-songwriter and record producer . She resides in Brooklyn , New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d88de681f302c478f7b072dcc193ea6e", "text": "Representing NYC Representing NYC is a network of professional artists and educators living and working in Brooklyn , New York City . Representing NYC acts as a bridge between young artists making Hip Hop culture related art work in the context of social services programming in East Brooklyn with a broader cultural milieu socially , culturally , and professionally . Representing NYC executes their mission by fostering collaborations between young artists , social services organizations , and professional arts organizations and artists . Representing NYC helps to produce a series of Hip Hop CDs , a hand silk screened T-shirt line , and two teen radio programs . All of Representing NYC 's youth work is carried out at The Beacon Center for Arts and Leadership in Bushwick , Brooklyn . Its network includes the Social Registry , True Panther Sounds , Sockets CDs , Solid PR , the Bread and Butter Collective , Radio 23 . org , and a number of artists and educators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a8863f1f273d60dfdaa138852f60424", "text": "Brooklyn Museum The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . At 560000 sqft , the museum is New York City 's third largest in physical size and holds an art collection with roughly 1.5 million works . Located near the Prospect Heights , Crown Heights , Flatbush , and Park Slope neighborhoods of Brooklyn and founded in 1895 , the Beaux-Arts building , designed by McKim , Mead and White , was planned to be the largest art museum in the world . The museum initially struggled to maintain its building and collection , only to be revitalized in the late 20th century , thanks to major renovations . Significant areas of the collection include antiquities , specifically their collection of Egyptian antiquities spanning over 3,000 years . African , Oceanic , and Japanese art make for notable antiquities collections as well . American art is heavily represented , starting at the Colonial period . Artists represented in the collection include Mark Rothko , Edward Hopper , Norman Rockwell , Winslow Homer , Edgar Degas , Georgia O'Keeffe , and Max Weber . The museum also has a `` Memorial Sculpture Garden '' which features salvaged architectural elements from throughout New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd852971cc9207b09ec8904bdad0f7f7", "text": "Unplugged (Alicia Keys album) Unplugged is the first live album ( third overall ) by American recording artist Alicia Keys . It was recorded as part of the television program MTV Unplugged on July 4 , 2005 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in Brooklyn , New York City , and released in the United States on October 11 , 2005 by J Records , including songs from her multi-platinum albums Songs in A Minor and The Diary of Alicia Keys . The album debuted on the US Billboard 200 chart at number one , with first-week sales of 196,000 copies in the US . and over 245,000 copies worldwide -- the highest debut for an MTV Unplugged album since Nirvana 's 1994 MTV Unplugged in New York and the first Unplugged by a female artist to debut at number one . The album has sold over one million copies in the United States and over 2.5 million copies worldwide . Additionally , it received four nominations for the 2006 Grammy Awards , including Best R&B Album . The first single released from the album was `` Unbreakable '' , which peaked at number thirty-four on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number four on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . The second single , `` Every Little Bit Hurts '' , was released in January 2006 . The video premiered on January 17 on BET 's 106 & Park . The album and DVD includes songs from her multi-platinum albums Songs in A Minor and The Diary of Alicia Keys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81384e947ba3e8a9694de92b34c18179", "text": "Bushwick, Brooklyn Bushwick is a working-class neighborhood in the northern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn . The neighborhood , historically a community of Germanic immigrants and their descendants , has been predominantly Hispanic in the late 20th century . The neighborhood , formerly Brooklyn 's 18th Ward , is now part of Brooklyn Community Board 4 . It is policed by the NYPD 's 83rd Precinct and is represented in the New York City Council as part of Districts 34 and 37 . Bushwick shares a border with Ridgewood , Queens , to the northeast , and is bounded by the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Williamsburg to the northwest ; East New York and the cemeteries of Highland Park to the southeast ; Brownsville to the south ; and Bedford-Stuyvesant to the southwest . It is served by ZIP codes 11206 , 11207 , 11221 , and 11237 . Bushwick was once an independent town and has undergone various territorial changes throughout its history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dfa782d0c2d0c32ec62e94c8c1de9cb", "text": "Brooklyn F.C. (New York) Brooklyn F.C. was an American soccer club based in Brooklyn , New York , that was an inaugural member of the reformed American Soccer League . The club folded 12 games into their only season and was replaced by Brooklyn Celtic who assumed their record .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d61a12fdc0c599e0e0d7e9a51f8ef91b", "text": "Brooklyn (Waterbury) Brooklyn is a section/neighborhood of the city of Waterbury , Connecticut . Its name is derived from immigrants who moved up the road from Brooklyn in New York City . The area lies southwest of I-84 and west of route 8 , nestled between the sections of Town Plot and the South End . At its height , Brooklyn contained five grammar schools , three drug stores , three theaters , eight bakeries , two breweries , a library , a firehouse , a YMCA , and 22 taverns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8ffb7ce9c42d7a428fda7583f9d44e0", "text": "Ashanti (singer) Ashanti Shequoiya Douglas ( born October 13 , 1980 ) , known simply as Ashanti , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer and actress . Ashanti is known for her eponymous debut album , which featured the hit song `` Foolish '' , and sold over 505,000 copies in its first week of release throughout the U.S. in April 2002 . In 2003 , the self-titled debut album won Ashanti her first Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B album . Her second release achieved a platinum certification and other top 10 singles . Ashanti wrote and sang background on Jennifer Lopez 's `` Ai n't It Funny ( Murder Remix ) '' , which reached number one on Billboard Hot 100 , which was also in the top 10 chart at the same time as `` Foolish '' , `` Always on Time '' ( with Ja Rule ) , and `` What 's Luv ? '' ( with Fat Joe ) . Later that year , she was acclaimed as the `` Princess Of Hip-Hop & R&B '' by her label and capped off her successful debut by winning eight Billboard awards and two American Music Awards . Ashanti cites Whitney Houston , Janet Jackson , Prince , Madonna , Tupac Shakur , Mary J. Blige , Ella Fitzgerald , Smokey Robinson , Donna Summer , and Blue Magic as her musical influences . Since 2013 , she is currently working on her own publishing company titled Written Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71e6b3a9d8084b492d6b1f06fc68caed", "text": "Coney Island USA Coney Island USA is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) not-for-profit arts organization founded in 1980 that is dedicated to the cultural and economic revitalization of the Coney Island neighborhood of the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City . Its landmark building in the heart Coney Island 's amusement district houses a theater in which the organization presents `` Sideshows by the Seashore '' , a showcase for performers with unusual talents that runs continuously during the warmer months , as well as the Coney Island Museum . It is also notable as the organizer of the annual Coney Island Mermaid Parade , the first of which took place in 1983 . The Coney Island Museum features artifacts and memorabilia about the amusement park , beach and neighborhood 's history and culture , as well as changing exhibits of art and culture . The museum is open seasonally . Coney Island USA was founded in 1980 by Costa Mantis , Jane Savitt-Tennen and Dick D. Zigun . Coney Island USA is governed by a Board of Directors currently composed of Jeff Birnbaum , Mark Alhadeff , Jane Crotty , Kate Dale , Carol Spawn Desmond , John di Domenico , Harris M. Falk , Marie Roberts , James Quigley , Anita Durst , Jon Dohlin , David Loewy , Lisa Mangels , Dick D. Zigun and James Fitzsimmons . Legal Advice is provided by Gibson , Dunn & Crutscher , LLP , Morgan , Lewis & Bockius , LLP and Frankfurt , Kurnit , Klein & Selz , PC ; financial advice is provided by Chris Yeboa , CPA , Yeboa & Lawrence , CPAs , & Business Consultants . Coney Island USA is funded , in part , by the Lily Auchincloss Foundation , the Carnegie Corporation , the Fund for the City of New York ; the Independence Community Foundation , the Lemberg Foundation , the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs , the New York Community Trust , the New York Council for the Humanities , the New York State Council on the Arts , Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams , New York City Councilman Mark Treyger and its members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51e4b9905ad13458a8fb95fd6eff2970", "text": "Fiske Terrace, Brooklyn Fiske Terrace is a planned community and neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . Fiske Terrace is located in south central Brooklyn in the southern edge of the community of Flatbush and north of the community of Midwood . It is bounded by Glenwood Road on the north , Ocean Avenue on the east , the Bay Ridge Branch of the Long Island Rail Road/New York and Atlantic Railway right-of-way on the south , and the New York City Subway BMT Brighton Line subway line on the west . Fiske Terrace was developed , along with Midwood Park with individually designed housing by the T.B. Ackerson Company in 1905 ; after the T. B. Ackerson Company bought what was then a forest , it was razed within 18 months , giving way to about 150 custom-made houses as well as streets and utilities . Prominent past residents included Richard Hellmann , creator and founder of `` Hellmann 's Mayonnaise '' , and Charles Ebbets , owner of Ebbets Field Baseball Stadium and the Brooklyn Dodgers . On March 18 , 2008 , the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission unanimously approved designation of the Fiske Terrace-Midwood Park Historic District . 250 homes were designated . The community is served by the Avenue H ( formerly Fiske Terrace ) station of the BMT Brighton Line , whose century-old station house was declared a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on June 29 , 2004 . This allows renovations inside , but preserves the major structure and exterior . The contract to `` restore the landmark station control house '' as well as rehabilitation of the platforms and other stations structures was advertised for bids by the MTA for January 2007 . The official designation report describes the building :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a028d29c676aa945e0e3ecd4aa13bbbd", "text": "Queen Latifah Dana Elaine Owens ( born March 18 , 1970 ) , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Her second album , Nature of a Sista ( 1991 ) , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records . Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Her third album Black Reign ( 1993 ) , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off ( 1996 ) and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago ( 2002 ) , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House ( 2003 ) , Taxi ( 2004 ) , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business ( 2005 ) , Beauty Shop ( 2005 ) , Last Holiday ( 2006 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) and Joyful Noise ( 2012 ) . In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie ( 2015 ) , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie . She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists . Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b9fbcf749895be1b66c5bbca75ece00", "text": "Brooklyn Community Board 9 Brooklyn Community Board 9 is a New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Crown Heights , Prospect Lefferts Gardens , and Wingate . It is delimited by Ocean Avenue and Flatbush Avenue on the west , Eastern Parkway on the north , Rochester , East New York and Utica Avenues on the east , as well as by Clarkson Avenue on the south . Its former acting chairperson Laura Imperiale , and district manager Pearl R. Miles . Miles were accused of `` doing things without involving the community , '' per another community leader . As of the 2000 US Census , the Community Board oversaw a population of 104,014 , down from 110,715 in 1990 but up from 96,667 in 1980 . Of them ( as of 2000 ) , 79,466 ( 76.4 % ) are African-American , 11,733 ( 11.3 % ) are White non Hispanic , 8,581 ( 8.2 % ) of Hispanic origins , 2,416 ( 2.3 % ) of two or more race , 819 ( 0.8 % ) Asian or Pacific Islander , 816 ( 0.8 % ) of some other race , and 183 ( 0.2 % ) American Indian or Native Alaskan , . 36.4 % of the population benefit from public assistance as of 2004 , up from 20.8 % in 2000 . The land area is 1002.7 acre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "554b971cef706de44f899ac30ffba812", "text": "Radio 4 (band) Radio 4 was an American Dance-punk band based in Brooklyn , New York . Formed in 1999 , they claimed their music is `` made in New York , is about New York , and sounds like New York '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85b8f3553465ebb428e13db996c1d20e", "text": "BRIC (nonprofit organization) BRIC ( which stands for Brooklyn Information & Culture ) is a nonprofit arts and media organization located in Brooklyn , New York City founded in 1979 . Its original name was `` Fund for the Borough of Brooklyn '' . In the fall of 2013 , it opened a 66,000 square-foot renovated former vaudeville theater providing a gallery , an additional space for film screenings , lectures , and readings , and a flexible performance space which will showcase dance , music , and theater admission to which will be mostly under $ 20 . The organization offers classes in digital photography and video production at low cost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffdfc223658df80ee0d853a43f0ab62e", "text": "Truth and Soul Records Truth & Soul is a record label and production team based in Williamsburg , Brooklyn . It was formed in 2004 by Philippe Lehman , Leon Michels and Jeff Silverman . Truth & Soul was founded in 2004 and has recorded and released the music of El Michels Affair , Bronx River Parkway , Quincy Bright , The Evil D 's , Lee Fields and The Expressions , The Fabulous Three , Cosmic Force , The Olympians , Tyrone Ashley 's Funky Music Machine , The Ghetto Brothers , The Phenomenal Handclap Band , and Bama & The Family . In 2008 Truth & Soul produced and released the Lee Fields & The Expressions album `` My World '' to critical acclaim . The same year they produced Aloe Blacc 's sophomore record , Good Things , which was released on Stones Throw records on September 28 , 2010 . Truth & Soul has remixed `` Love Is a Losing Game '' by Amy Winehouse , the Gabriella Cilmi single `` Sweet About Me '' , Dinah Washington 's `` Cry Me A River '' for Verve Remixed 4 , and Truth & Soul are credited as writers on Adele 's grammy nominated album , 19 . Their records have been sampled by Ghostface Killah , Just Blaze , Jay-Z , Young Jeezy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57f27d996c40f7b73986158ec8f8b15a", "text": "Long Island City Long Island City ( L.I.C. ) is the westernmost residential and commercial neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens . L.I.C. is noted for its rapid and ongoing residential growth and gentrification , its waterfront parks , and its thriving arts community . L.I.C. has among the highest concentration of art galleries , art institutions , and studio space of any neighborhood in New York City . It is bordered by Astoria to the north ; the East River to the west ; Hazen Street , 49th Street , and New Calvary Cemetery in Sunnyside to the east ; and Newtown Creek -- which separates Queens from Greenpoint , Brooklyn -- to the south . It originally was the seat of government of the Town of Newtown , and remains the largest neighborhood in Queens . The area is part of Queens Community Board 1 , located north of the Queensboro Bridge and Queens Plaza ; it is also of Queens Community Board 2 to the south . Long Island City is the eastern terminus of the Queensboro Bridge , also known as the 59th Street Bridge , which is the only non-toll automotive route connecting Queens and Manhattan . Northwest of the bridge terminus are the Queensbridge Houses , a development of the New York City Housing Authority and the largest public housing complex in North America . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52e77ff2b66016fa8a580812c77931a3", "text": "Olivia (singer) Olivia Theresa Longott ( born February 15 , 1981 in Brooklyn , New York , U.S. ) , professionally known as Olivia , is an American singer , songwriter , rapper and actress . She is best known for contributing vocals to 50 Cent 's hit single `` Candy Shop '' and her debut album Olivia . She was also known as a regular cast member in the first three seasons ( 2011 -- 13 ) of the VH1 reality television series Love & Hip Hop : New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11b5afa8c0f2326a17df7e278e750f07", "text": "Dante Ross Dante Ross ( born October 11 , 1967 in San Francisco , California ) is an American music industry executive , A&R representative , and producer . He was named one of the top-25 greatest A&R representatives in hip hop by Complex magazine . Ross started his A&R career at Tommy Boy records , at which he signed and handled the careers of such artists as De La Soul , Queen Latifah , and Digital Underground . Ross was then hired by Elektra Records and was the first person ever hired by a major label to be specifically a hip hop A and R man . Ross became the architect of Elektra Records hip hop roster where he signed acts Brand Nubian , Grand Puba , Pete Rock & C.L Smooth , KMD , Leaders of the New School , Busta Rhymes and Ol' Dirty Bastard . He is currently a SVP of A&R ADA Music the independent distribution company owned by the Warner Music Group . He also serves as SVP of A and R for the newly re-activated Asylum records . Dante Ross was born in San Francisco to political activist parents John Ross and mother Norma . He moved to New York City in 1967 . Ross was raised by his mother raised in New York 's Lower East Side , then a predominately Puerto Rican neighborhood , where his mother was a nursery school teacher . Ross grew up skateboarding , writing graffiti and going to see punk rock shows with teenage friends who would eventually become members of The Beastie Boys , The Cro-Mags and Luscious Jackson . He hung out at Manhattan nightclubs such as The Mudd Clubb , Danceteria and The Roxy nightly while still in High School in the early 80 's . He frequently went to see live music at CBGB 's where he often saw The Bad Brains who befriended a young Ross . Hanging out in NYC 's Lower East Side during the early 80 's Ross became friends with many notable punk and hardcore groups as well as various future creatives . He credits this along with watching his friends The Beastie Boys success with him wanting to work in the music business . Ross entered the music business when he was hired as a messenger at the behest of his friends The Beastie Boys and their road manager Sean Carasov at the newly formed Def Jam Recordings . Ross was mentored by Lyor Cohen and Russell Simmons for several years before going to work as an A&R person at Tommy Boy records . This was followed by an 8-year stint at Elektra where he was considered one of the architects of the golden age of Hip Hop . Ross has been in his career an office messenger , a tour manager , an A&R person , a record producer , a notable songwriter and artist manager . As a producer , Ross was a third of the Stimulated Dummies production team with partners John Gamble and Geeby Dajani . The production team worked with artists such as Brand Nubian , Grand Puba , Leaders Of The New School , 3rd Bass , and Del Tha Funky Homosapien . Gamble and Ross later went on to produce sans Dajani Santana , Everlast ( working on both the multi platinum album Whitey Ford Sings the Blues and the gold follow-up Eat at Whitey 's ) , and many others . Ross earned a Grammy in 1998 for his work on Carlos Santana 's Supernatural . Ross ' production work has also appeared on Eminem 's 8 Mile soundtrack , on which he produced and co-wrote two songs that featured Macy Gray and Young Zee . Ross has also been enlisted for his remixing skills , which have been featured on songs by Korn as well as a plethora of other artists in genres as diverse as Nu metal , Dancehall , Neo-Soul and Hip-Hop . Mr. Ross is credited with signing Lil Dicky and Made in TYO who both were awarded platinum records in 2016 . Ugly God his first signing to the re launched Asylum records was awarded a Gold single in May of 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5a203d7355c6c2e7f5cb8d241038cc39	Austria is a location.	[ { "docid": "3e0a28175cffafa82de58b14c8709daf", "text": "Austria Austria ( listen ) , is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.7 million people in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north , Hungary and Slovakia to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . The territory of Austria covers 83879 km2 . The terrain is highly mountainous , lying within the Alps ; only 32 % of the country is below 500 m , and its highest point is 3798 m . The majority of the population speaks local Bavarian dialects of German as their native language , and Austrian German in its standard form is the country 's official language . Other local official languages are Hungarian , Burgenland Croatian , and Slovene . The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty , when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire . From the time of the Reformation , many northern German princes , resenting the authority of the Emperor , used Protestantism as a flag of rebellion . The Thirty Years War , the influence of the Kingdom of Sweden and Kingdom of France , the rise of the Kingdom of Prussia , and the Napoleonic invasions all weakened the power of the Emperor in the north of Germany , but in the south , and in non-German areas of the Empire , the Emperor and Catholicism maintained control . During the 17th and 18th centuries , Austria retained its position as one of the great powers of Europe and , in response to the coronation of Napoleon as the Emperor of the French , the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804 . Following Napoleon 's defeat , Prussia emerged as Austria 's chief competitor for rule of a greater Germany . Austria 's defeat by Prussia at the Battle of Königgrätz , during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 , cleared the way for Prussia to assert control over the rest of Germany . In 1867 , the empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary . After the defeat of France in the 1870-1 Franco-Prussian War , Austria was excluded from the new German Empire , although in the following decades , its politics , and its foreign policy , increasingly converged with those of the Prussian-led Empire . During the 1914 July Crisis that followed the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28 , Austria-Hungary , emboldened by a pledge of German support , on July 28 declared war on Serbia because that country had not fully complied with an Austrian ultimatum . Austria was thus the first to go to war in the July Crisis , which would ultimately escalate into World War I. After the collapse of the Habsburg ( Austro-Hungarian ) Empire in 1918 at the end of World War I , Austria adopted and used the name the Republic of German-Austria ( Deutschösterreich ) , later changed to Österreich , in an attempt at union with Germany , but this was forbidden under the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye ( 1919 ) . The First Austrian Republic was established in 1919 . In 1938 Nazi Germany annexed Austria in the Anschluss . This lasted until the end of World War II in 1945 , after which Germany was occupied by the Allies and Austria 's former democratic constitution was restored . In 1955 , the Austrian State Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state , ending the occupation . In the same year , the Austrian Parliament created the Declaration of Neutrality which declared that the Second Austrian Republic would become permanently neutral . Today , Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy comprising nine federal states . The capital and largest city , with a population exceeding 1.7 million , is Vienna . Other major urban areas of Austria include Graz , Linz , Salzburg and Innsbruck . Austria is one of the richest countries in the world , with a nominal per capita GDP of $ 43,724 . The country has developed a high standard of living and in 2014 was ranked 21st in the world for its Human Development Index . Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 , joined the European Union in 1995 , and is a founder of the OECD . Austria also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995 , and adopted the euro currency in 1999 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c6cf8b1b3739b862a47c5f3b2ca55a28", "text": "Rudolfsheim Rudolfsheim is a neighborhood of the district Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus in Vienna , Austria . Category : Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus Category : Katastralgemeinde of Vienna", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19b92594c53d07d7478012448f7030ea", "text": "Fischbach, Styria Fischbach is a municipality in the district of Weiz in Styria , Austria . On 27 February 2003 , it was officially recognized as a climatic spa by the Styrian government . Fischbach is the highest place in East Styria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f948b18210e8e10465804d1d39427567", "text": "Geography of Switzerland The geography of Switzerland encompasses the geographical features of Switzerland , a mountainous and landlocked country located in Western and Central Europe . It is surrounded by 5 countries : Austria and Liechtenstein to the east , France to the west , Italy to the south and Germany to the north . Switzerland has a maximum north -- south length of 220 km and an east -- west length of about 350 km . Switzerland is well known for the Alps in the south and south east . North of the Alps , the Swiss Plateau runs along the east -- west axis of the country . Most of the population of Switzerland lives on the rolling hills and plains of the plateau . The smaller Jura Mountains are located on the north west side of the plateau . Much of the northern border with Germany follows the Rhine , though the Rhine enters Switzerland near Schaffhausen . The eastern border with Germany and a portion of Austria is drawn through Lake Constance ( Bodensee ) . A portion of the southwest border with France is drawn through Lake Geneva . Switzerland is divided into 26 sovereign cantons . The cantons along the Swiss Plateau tend to be the most populous , industrial and religiously Protestant . The cantons in the Alps tend to be less populous , Catholic , and have an agrarian or tourism-based economy . Switzerland is also divided by language . There are four official languages ; German 63.7 % of population , French 20.4 % of population , Italian 6.5 % of population and Romansh 0.5 % of population . From Bern east ( except Ticino ) the population generally speaks German . West of Bern , the population generally speaks French . In the southern Canton of Ticino , most people speak Italian . Romansh , a group of dialects descended from Vulgar Latin , is spoken in several regions in the canton of Graubünden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "739eb23e3178b7985c033cec5f9745b2", "text": "Graz Hauptbahnhof Graz Hauptbahnhof , abbreviated Graz Hbf ( German for Graz Main Station ; sometimes translated as Graz Central Station ) , is the main railway station in Graz , the capital of the Austrian state of Styria . The station is located some 2 km west of the city centre , to which it is connected by the tram . The station serves as a major node on the Southern Railway , which links it to Vienna in the north , and Slovenia in the south . It is also the terminus of the Styrian Eastern Railway , which runs eastwards towards Hungary , and of the local Köflacherbahn to the west . In the future , the Koralm Railway will provide a direct link from Graz to Italy via Klagenfurt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac9ef789f48641cc8e81f2a1dd2c702c", "text": "List of companies of Austria Austria is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.7 million people in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north , Hungary and Slovakia to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . The territory of Austria covers 83879 km2 . Austria is the 12th richest country in the world in terms of GDP ( Gross domestic product ) per capita , has a well-developed social market economy , and a high standard of living . Until the 1980s , many of Austria 's largest industry firms were nationalised ; in recent years , however , privatisation has reduced state holdings to a level comparable to other European economies . Labour movements are particularly strong in Austria and have large influence on labour politics . Next to a highly developed industry , international tourism is the most important part of the national economy . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Austria '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7252478b599be8c60e28dc6b1c547d36", "text": "Eisenerz Eisenerz ( `` Iron ore '' ) is a market place and old mining town in the Austrian state of Styria , 68 mi . N.W. of Graz by rail . Pop . ( 2001 ) 6,400 . It is situated in the deep Erzbach Valley , dominated on the east by the Pfaffenstein 1871m , ( 6140 ft ) , on the west by the Kaiserschild 2084m ( 6830 ft ) , and on the south by the Erzberg 1465m ( 5030 ft ) . It has an interesting example of a medieval fortified church , a Gothic edifice founded by Rudolph of Habsburg in the 13th century and rebuilt in the 16th . At the turn of the past century the Erzberg ( Ore Mountain ) furnished such rich ore that it was quarried in the open air like stone , in the summer months . There is documentary evidence of the mines having been worked as far back as the 12th century . They afforded employment to two or three thousand hands in summer and about half as many in winter , and yielded some 800,000 tons of iron per annum . During World War II , a subcamp of Mauthausen concentration camp was located here . It provided slave labour for local industry . Eisenerz was connected with the mines by the Erzberg Railway , a bold piece of engineering work , fourteen miles ( 21 km ) long , constructed on the Abt 's rack-and-pinion system . It passed through some beautiful scenery , and descends to Vordernberg , an important center of the iron trade situated on the south side of the Erzberg . Eisenerz possesses , in addition , twenty-five furnaces , which produce iron , and particularly steel , of exceptional excellence . Today the Erzberg is home to motocross races . A few miles northwest of Eisenerz stands Leopoldstein Castle , and near it beautiful Leopoldstein Lake . This lake , with its dark green water at an elevation of 2028 ft. , and surrounded on all sides by high peaks , is not large and has a depth of 100 ft.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28d93a95e1fa8203c227577e2aa56835", "text": "Austria at the 2002 Winter Olympics Austria competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City , United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61994835daf51314a9a8e5c9cd8719d1", "text": "Villach Villach ( German pronunciation : ; Beljak , Villaco , Vilac ) is the seventh-largest city in Austria and the second-largest in the federal state of Carinthia . It represents an important traffic junction for southern Austria and the whole Alpe-Adria region . , the population is 58,480 . Together with other Alpine towns Villach engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc . In 1997 , Villach was the first town to be awarded Alpine Town of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "610105265c0a67141a2cffcc5ee008ec", "text": "History of Austria The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states , from the early Stone Age to the present state . The name Ostarrîchi ( Austria ) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy ( later archduchy ) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ( Heiliges Römisches Reich 962 -- 1806 ) . Austria was dominated by the House of Habsburg ( Haus Österreich ) from 1273 to 1806 , when the Holy Roman Empire came to an end . Austria then became the Austrian Empire , a part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 , which Austria lost and was subsequently excluded from German affairs . In 1867 Austria formed with Hungary as a dual monarchy the Austro-Hungarian Empire ( 1867 -- 1918 ) . When this empire collapsed after the end of World War I in 1918 , Austria was reduced to the main German speaking areas of the empire ( its current frontiers ) , and adopted the name The Republic of German-Austria , with hope of joining the new German Weimar Republic . However the union and name were forbidden by the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles . This led to the creation of the First Austrian Republic ( 1918-1933 ) . Following the First Republic , Austrofascism tried to keep Austria independent from the German Reich . Engelbert Dollfuss accepted that Austrians were Germans but wanted Austria to remain independent from a Protestant Germany . In 1938 Austrian-born Adolf Hitler annexed Austria to the German Reich with the Anschluss , which was supported by a large majority of the Austrian people . After the Second World War Austria again became an independent republic as the Second Republic in 1955 and joined the European Union in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8242ec1a172f79c23582b374c5956dc0", "text": "Brenner Pass Brenner Pass ( Brennerpass -LSB- ˈbʁɛnɐpas -RSB- Passo del Brennero -LSB- ˈpasso del ˈbrɛnnero -RSB- ) is a mountain pass through the Alps which forms the border between Italy and Austria . It is one of the principal passes of the Eastern Alpine range and has the lowest altitude among Alpine passes of the area . Dairy cattle graze in alpine pastures throughout the summer in valleys beneath the pass and on the mountains above it . At lower altitudes , farmers log pine trees , plant crops and harvest hay for winter fodder . Many of the high pastures are at an altitude of over 1,500 m ; a small number of them stands high in the mountains at around 2,000 m. The central section of Brenner Pass covers a four-lane motorway and railway tracks connecting Bozen/Bolzano in the south and Innsbruck to the north . The village of Brenner consists of an outlet shopping centre ( supermarkets and stores ) , fruit stores , restaurants , cafés , hotels and a gas station . It has a population of 400 to 600 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "925572953bcd7ab731e56f0169caae06", "text": "List of magazines in Austria The magazine sector in Austria is under the dominance of Germany . This influence decreased at the end of the 1990s , but it continued on the women 's magazines and fashion magazines . However , business magazines have not been subject to the dominance of Germany . The major fields of Austrian magazines are news , popular science and special interest topics . On the other hand , since the Austrian press market is divided between magazines and newspapers , magazines have a significant function in the press market . As of 2005 Austrian media company NEWS was dominating the magazine sector in the country . The following is an incomplete list of current and defunct magazines published in Austria . They may be published in German or in other languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f74adcd07ba29d104aa066eabfe0b2e", "text": "Steyr Steyr ( -LSB- ˈʃtaɪ̯ɐ -RSB- ) is a statutory city , located in the Austrian federal state of Upper Austria . It is the administrative capital , though not part of Steyr-Land District . Steyr is Austria 's 12th most populated town and the 3rd largest town in Upper Austria . The city has a long history as a manufacturing center and has given its name to several manufacturers headquartered there , such as the former Steyr-Daimler-Puch conglomerate and its successor Steyr Motors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a651ce1c0695f6fc4e89a05e7927b20f", "text": "Great Moravia Great Moravia ( regnum Marahensium , Μεγάλη Μοραβία -- megale Moravia , Velká Morava , Veľká Morava , Wielka Morawia ) , the Great Moravian Empire , ( historiographical terms -- original formal name is unknown ) or simply Moravia , was the first major state that was predominantly Slavonic to emerge in the area of Central Europe . Its core territories were located on the Morava river which gave its name to the kingdom . `` Morava '' in both Czech and Slovak refers to both the river and the land of Moravia - the medieval Margraviate of Moravia , which is now the eastern part of the Czech Republic . The river Morava flows south through the whole of Moravia , later forming the present-day border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia before finally becoming the border between Slovakia and Austria ( where it is called the March in German ) . The kingdom saw the rise of the first ever Slavic literary culture in the Old Church Slavonic language . After the fall of Great Moravia , its core territory was gradually divided between the newly ascending Czech Kingdom ( Bohemia ) and Hungarian Kingdom : the frontier was originally settled on the Morava river ( the Czech Kingdom to its west , and Hungary - present-day Slovakia - to its east ) . However , from the 12th century , the Czech kings managed to gain more and more of the region on the eastern bank - eventually gaining the whole stretch of the eastern territory from Uherské Hradiště down to Strážnice , and this region retained its non-Czech identity in its designation `` Slovácko '' as an alternative dialectal for `` Slovakia '' . After this , the Czech-Hungarian border shifted east to the White Carpathians . The core region of Great Moravia along the Morava river , thus divided between the present-day Moravia and Slovakia , has retained a unique culture in the rich folklore tradition both on the western bank of the Morava ( including the southern Záluží region ) and the eastern bank - the Slovácko ( in Moravia ) and Záhorie ( in Slovakia ) . Záhorie also boasts the only surviving building from Great Moravian times - the chapel at Kopčany just across the Morava from the archaeological site of Mikulčice . The core of Great Moravia was established , according to legend , in the early 830s , when Prince Mojmír I ( -LSB- moimi : r -RSB- ) crossed the Morava and conquered the principality of Nitra ( present-day western Slovakia ) . The former principality of Nitra was used as the údelné kniežatsvo , or the territory given to , and ruled by , the successor to the throne , traditionally the nephew ( sister 's son ) of the ruling kъnendzь or Prince . The extent and location of Great Moravia are a subject of debate . Rival theories place the center of it either south of the river Danube ( the river Morava in Serbia ) or on the Great Hungarian Plain . The exact date when the Moravian state was founded is also disputed , but it probably occurred in the early 830s under Prince Mojmír I , ( r. 820s/830s -- 846 ) , who is the first known ruler of the united Moravia . Mojmír and his successor , Rastislav ( `` Rostislav '' in Czech ) , who ruled from 846 to 870 , initially acknowledged the suzerainty of the Carolingian monarchs , but the Moravian fight for independence caused a series of armed conflicts with East Francia beginning in the 840s . Moravia reached its largest territorial extent under Svätopluk I , ( Svatopluk in Czech ) , who ruled from 870 to 894 , and who was occasionally styled as king in contemporaneous sources . Although the borders of his empire can not be exactly determined , he controlled the core territories of Moravia as well as other neighbouring regions , including Bohemia , most of Slovakia and parts of Slovenia , Hungary , Poland and Ukraine , for some periods of his reign . Separatism and internal conflicts emerging after Svätopluk 's death contributed to the fall of Great Moravia , which was overrun by the Hungarians . The exact date of Moravia 's collapse is unknown , but it occurred between 902 and 907 . Moravia experienced significant cultural development under Prince Rastislav , with the arrival in 863 of the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius . Rastislav had asked the Byzantine emperor to send a `` teacher '' ( učitelja ) to introduce literacy and a legal system ( pravьda ) to Great Moravia . The brothers Cyril and Methodius introduced a system of writing ( the Glagolitic alphabet ) and Slavonic liturgy , the latter eventually formally approved by Pope Adrian II . The Glagolitic script was probably invented by Cyril himself and the language he used for his translations of holy scripts and his original literary creation was based on the Slavic dialect he and his brother Methodius knew from their native Thessaloniki . The language , termed Old Church Slavonic , was the direct ancestral language for Bulgarian , and therefore also referred to as Old Bulgarian . Old Church Slavonic , therefore , differed somewhat from the local Slavic dialect of Great Moravia which was the ancestral idiom to the later dialects spoken in Moravia and western Slovakia . Later , the disciples of Cyril and Methodius were expelled from Great Moravia by King Svätopluk I. Arriving in the First Bulgarian Empire , the disciples continued the Cyrilo-Methodian mission and the Glagolitic script was superseded by Cyrillic . The Cyrillic script and translations of the liturgy were disseminated to other Slavic countries , particularly in the Balkans and Kievan Rus ' , charting a new path in these Slavic nations ´ cultural development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8af8c2f32231440a5161be05a927e5b2", "text": "Freedom Party of Austria The Freedom Party of Austria ( Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs , FPÖ ) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Austria . The party , led by Heinz-Christian Strache , is a member of the Europe of Nations and Freedom group in the European Parliament , as well as of the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom . The FPÖ was founded in 1956 as the successor to the short-lived Federation of Independents ( VdU ) , representing the `` Third Camp '' of Austrian politics , i.e. pan-Germanists and national liberals opposed to both socialism and Catholic clericalism . The party 's first leader was Anton Reinthaller , a former Nazi functionary and SS officer . The FPÖ , a third party with modest support , was admitted to the Liberal International ( LI ) in 1979 and participated in a government led by the Social Democratic Party ( SPÖ ) , following the 1983 legislative election . When Jörg Haider was chosen as new FPÖ leader in 1986 , the party started an ideological turn towards right-wing populism . This new political course soon resulted in a strong surge in electoral support , although it also led the SPÖ to break ties . In 1993 , after a controversial proposal on immigration issues , the adherents of a position closer to classical liberalism broke away from the FPÖ and formed the Liberal Forum ( LiF ) , which took over the FPÖ 's membership in the LI ( since the FPÖ considered itself forced to leave ) and would later eventually merge into NEOS . In the 1999 legislative election the FPÖ won 26.9 % of the vote , its best-ever result in a nationwide election , and came ahead of the Austrian People 's Party ( ÖVP ) by a small margin . This led the ÖVP to agree to form a coalition government with the FPÖ in 2000 . The FPÖ soon became uncomfortable with governing and fell sharply in the 2002 legislative election , in which it obtained only 10.0 % of the vote ; however , the two parties agreed to continue their coalition following the election . In 2005 increasing internal disagreements in the FPÖ led Haider and several leading members ( including all the party 's ministers ) to defect and form the Alliance for the Future of Austria ( BZÖ ) , which replaced the FPÖ as government partner . Since then , under Strache 's leadership , the party has again attracted an increase in its popular support . In the 2013 legislative election the FPÖ won 20.5 % of the vote and , more recently , it came ahead either of the SPÖ or the ÖVP in some state elections , entered in a SPÖ-led government in Burgenland and gained more than 30 % of the vote in Vienna . Finally , in the 2016 presidential election , FPÖ member Norbert Hofer won the first round , receiving 35.1 % , but was defeated by The Greens ' candidate Alexander Van der Bellen , 53.8 % against 46.2 % , in the final run-off ( an earlier run-off was invalidated ) . Among other things , the party supports the unification of South Tyrol ( Italy ) with Tyrol ( Austria ) , and , therefore , the South Tyrolean secessionist movement , which notably includes its South Tyrolean sister party Die Freiheitlichen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "920c0f1897689714569e3260a80cc85b", "text": "Democracy Ranking Democracy Ranking is an independent initiative , whose organization ( point of contact , the ″ Democracy Ranking Association ″ ) is located primarily in Vienna , Austria . Democracy Ranking produces an annual global ranking of democracies . The applied conceptual formula , which measures the quality of democracy , integrates freedom and other characteristics of the political system with the performance of non-political dimensions ( gender , economy , knowledge , health , and environment ) . Democracy Ranking has emphasized a broader understanding of democracy , creating a conceptual link between politics and the output and performance of society . The Democracy Ranking has compared several-year intervals , delivering ranking results , which show how ranking positions and score levels have developed recently . Referring to that information , a Democracy Improvement Ranking has been regularly released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b420b1f78c5bbf04cc7e5dd98d62cc9", "text": "Ruine Offenburg Ruine Offenburg is a castle in Styria , Austria . Ruine Offenburg is situated at an altitude of 166 m.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0588b1e4100a16cc344568e3c3167335", "text": "Waldviertel The Waldviertel ( Forest Quarter ) is the northwestern region of the Austrian state of Lower Austria . It is bounded to the south by the Danube , to the southwest by Upper Austria , to the northwest and the north by the Czech Republic and to the east by the Manhartsberg ( 537 m ) , which is the survey point dividing Waldviertel from Weinviertel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e72563065e53a55cc2e9201cf2b6cd5a", "text": "Vienna Vienna ( -LSB- viˈɛnə -RSB- Wien , -LSB- viːn -RSB- ) is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria . Vienna is Austria 's primary city , with a population of about 1.8 million ( 2.6 million within the metropolitan area , nearly one third of Austria 's population ) , and its cultural , economic , and political centre . It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union . Until the beginning of the 20th century , it was the largest German-speaking city in the world , and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I , the city had 2 million inhabitants . Today , it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin . Vienna is host to many major international organizations , including the United Nations and OPEC . The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic , Slovakia , and Hungary . These regions work together in a European Centrope border region . Along with nearby Bratislava , Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants . In 2001 , the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy , Vienna is also said to be `` The City of Dreams '' because it was home to the world 's first psycho-analyst -- Sigmund Freud . The city 's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city , and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre , from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century . The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles , including Baroque castles and gardens , and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings , monuments and parks . Vienna is known for its high quality of life . In a 2005 study of 127 world cities , the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first ( in a tie with Vancouver , Canada and San Francisco , USA ) for the world 's most liveable cities . Between 2011 and 2015 , Vienna was ranked second , behind Melbourne , Australia . For eight consecutive years ( 2009 -- 2016 ) , the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna first in its annual `` Quality of Living '' survey of hundreds of cities around the world , a title the city still held in 2016 . Monocle 's 2015 `` Quality of Life Survey '' ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world `` to make a base within . '' The UN-Habitat has classified Vienna as being the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013 . The city was ranked 1st globally for its culture of innovation in 2007 and 2008 , and sixth globally ( out of 256 cities ) in the 2014 Innovation Cities Index , which analyzed 162 indicators in covering three areas : culture , infrastructure , and markets . Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners . Between 2005 and 2010 , Vienna was the world 's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions . It attracts over 6.8 million tourists a year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c70155ecd39e1724c5c2a5fbd0b2992d", "text": "Bundespräsidentenstichwahlwiederholungsverschiebung `` Bundespräsidentenstichwahlwiederholungsverschiebung '' has been chosen as Austria 's Word of the Year 2016 by academics . Roughly translated to `` Federal-President-runoff-vote-repeat-postponement '' , the word gained recognition during the lengthy presidential election in 2016 . The Runner-Ups `` Bundesheinzi '' , which is a combination of `` Bundespräsident '' ( president ) and the passing president Heinz Fischer 's first name , and `` arschknapp '' ( `` damn '' close ) were also heavily influenced by Austrian politics in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f06fbef3ab3554b67d741f86c31da10", "text": "Southern Railway (Austria) The Southern Railway ( Südbahn ) is a railroad in Austria that runs from Vienna to Graz and the border with Slovenia at Spielfeld via Semmering and Bruck an der Mur . It was originally built by the Austrian Southern Railway company and ran to Ljubljana and Trieste , the main seaport of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy . The two-track , electrified section that runs through the current territory of Austria is owned and operated by Austrian Federal Railways ( ÖBB ) and is one of the major lines of the country .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b006bc663b2b5811604b4cfc54a0eb20	Beautiful is an American film.	[ { "docid": "44aff5e2653736879d38d20fb7f4580b", "text": "Beautiful (2000 film) Beautiful is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Sally Field ( in her feature film directorial debut ) , starring Minnie Driver , Joey Lauren Adams , Hallie Kate Eisenberg , Herta Ware , and Kathleen Turner . The plot deals with the sacrifices that contestants in the Miss America pageant typically must make .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0333be6a4cca2b80c176a1238be0956b", "text": "Beautiful Doom `` Beautiful Doom '' is the fifth episode of the ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy , and the show 's 177th episode overall . Written by Jeannine Renshaw and directed by Stephen Cragg , the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) in the United States on November 8 , 2012 . The initial airing was viewed by 9.26 million people and garnered a 3.3 / 8 Nielsen rating in the 18 -- 49 demographic , registering the show as the week 's highest rated television drama . Grey 's Anatomy centers around a group of physicians struggling to balance their professional lives with their personal lives . In the episode Meredith Grey ( Ellen Pompeo ) relives the memories of her half-sister Lexie Grey ( Chyler Leigh ) who died in the season eight finale plane crash when a patient with similar crush injuries comes into the hospital . The episode also focuses on Cristina Yang ( Sandra Oh ) who deals with the death of her Minnesota mentor Dr. Craig Thomas ( William Daniels ) in the middle of surgery . Meredith in spite of opposition from Richard Webber ( James Pickens Jr. ) tries to treat the crash victim while dealing with her personal feelings relating Lexie . She also juggles her daughter Zola at the hospital with the absence of her husband , Derek Shepherd ( Patrick Dempsey ) , with Owen Hunt ( Kevin McKidd ) , Callie Torres ( Sara Ramirez ) and Miranda Bailey ( Chandra Wilson ) helping her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "155d15d45cc8021a2f629eb94e4a1fad", "text": "This Beautiful Mess This Beautiful Mess is the second album by American band Sixpence None the Richer , released in 1995 ( see 1995 in music ) . The recording was produced by Armand John Petri , who also managed the band from 1993 to 1997 . This Beautiful Mess surpassed 50,000 copies sold during its first year of release and laid the foundation for Sixpence 's self-titled breakout album two years later . This Beautiful Mess won the 1996 Dove Award for `` Alternative/Modern Rock Album of the Year . '' The songs `` Within a Room Somewhere '' and `` I Ca n't Explain '' were both minor hits on the Christian music charts . Within a couple years of the album 's release , two eventually significant rock bands formed under the moniker `` This Beautiful Mess . '' The first originated in Colorado Springs , Co in 1996 and went on to become the platinum-selling act OneRepublic . The second , formed in 1997 , is the Dutch rock quintet from the Netherlands which continues making music under the same name . `` This Beautiful Mess '' is also used as the title of author Rick McKinley 's 2006 treatise on personal and social transformation . The book 's foreword was written by million-selling author Donald Miller , who filmed the 2012 movie Blue Like Jazz with Sixpence None the Richer producer Steve Taylor directing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2498099ae9442466e5fa629d9f9b3181", "text": "Beautiful Boy Beautiful Boy may refer to : In music : `` Beautiful Boy ( Darling Boy ) '' , a 1980 song by John Lennon from Double Fantasy `` Beautiful Boys '' , another 1980 song by John Lennon , also from Double Fantasy `` Beautiful Boy '' , a song by Kelli Ali from Tigermouth `` Beautiful Boy '' , a song by Nate Borofsky from Never Enough Time `` Beautiful Boy '' , a song from the 2005 musical Lestat In other media : Beautiful Boy ( 2010 film ) , a 2010 drama directed by Shawn Ku Beautiful Boy ( 2018 film ) The Beautiful Boy ( or The Boy ) , a 2003 book by Germaine Greer Beautiful Boy : A Father 's Journey Through His Son 's Addiction , a 2008 book by David Sheff", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7791cb73ceb618c0c47c551436ddb18", "text": "Brilliant (film) Brilliant is a 2004 thriller film starring Erika Eleniak and Bruce Boxleitner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "642b8e634a5545adbea9ed34b1da2859", "text": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack) A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album , on the Decca Records label , of the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe , Jennifer Connelly ( who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as `` Alicia Nash '' ) , Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany . The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner . The album garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score . Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well , but believed it to be similar to several of Horner 's previous films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7a9b1f26f51aa0ee778a383947bc987", "text": "Nice Time Nice Time is a 1957 documentary film made by Alain Tanner and Claude Goretta in Britain and included in the third Free Cinema programme at the National Film Theatre , London in May 1957 . It won the Experimental Film prize at the film festival in Venice and much critical praise . It is approximately 17 minutes in length , and comprises 190 shots of crowds of leisure-seeking people taken over 25 weekends in London 's Piccadilly Circus . There is no narration , and no dialogue ; a soundtrack consisting of several folk songs ( including the American song `` Greenback Dollar '' and other skiffle songs ) ties shots together into groups , while there is little recorded sound from the scenes shown on screen . The filmmakers , both in their late twenties , made the documentary on a shoestring budget after receiving a grant of # 240 from the British Film Institute . Chief among the film 's subjects are movies and other entertainment ; flirting , sex , and prostitution ; and salesmanship and commodity culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c6242403d657b10693d14941a59bab0", "text": "A Beautiful Place to Die A Beautiful Place to Die is the debut novel of award-winning filmmaker Malla Nunn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a5588326909f1c9ea728dd789a84aa", "text": "But Beautiful (song) `` But Beautiful '' is a popular song with music written by Jimmy Van Heusen , the lyrics by Johnny Burke . The song was published in 1947 . One of five songs written by Burke and Van Heusen featured in the Paramount Pictures movie Road to Rio ( 1947 ) , it was introduced by Bing Crosby and is also associated with his leading lady Dorothy Lamour . The song was a hit in 1948 for Frank Sinatra ( reaching the No. 14 spot ) , Bing Crosby ( # 20 ) , Margaret Whiting ( # 21 ) and Art Lund ( # 25 ) . The original key is G major and has the form A-B1-A-B2 . Chick Corea recorded a piano solo version of it in the original key of G major , but it has been recorded in many different keys , including F major ( later Sinatra ) , C major ( Bill Evans and Stan Getz ) , D major ( Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga ) , Billie Holiday ( B-flat major ) and Nat King Cole ( E major ) . It is usually performed as a ballad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ce834033268985b8cd16e5590e67c", "text": "Beautiful Dreamer (disambiguation) `` Beautiful Dreamer '' is an American popular song written by Stephen Foster . Beautiful Dreamer may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38c9d99705caa2aa846f88dfd4237ce", "text": "The Cooler The Cooler is a 2003 American romantic drama film directed by Wayne Kramer . The original screenplay was written by Kramer and Frank Hannah . In old-school gambling parlance , a casino `` cooler '' is an unlucky individual , usually a casino employee , whose mere presence at the gambling tables usually results in a streak of bad luck for the other players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f1ebeb5495f37374b6176bfd7ebd66", "text": "Beautiful People (Pet Shop Boys song) `` Beautiful People '' is a song written and recorded by the Pet Shop Boys group , and was released on 2 October 2009 , as the third single from their tenth studio album : Yes . This single was released in Germany only first , at the request of EMI . In November it was released in the US as a download . The B-side , `` Fugitive '' , had previously been published ( in an extended version ) on the limited edition of their 2006 album Fundamental . The song was produced by Richard X. Both the demo version of `` Beautiful People '' and the remix of `` Up and Down '' had been previously available digitally . The demo was available to stream from the official Pet Shop Boys website and the remix was available as a free download during the `` Did You See Me Coming ? '' single campaign . Remixes by Vinny Vero were commissioned but not used due to delays in their completion . They were later released unofficially as a free download on Vero 's website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dedffb05644006241b4f8df7f841f3e", "text": "The Most Beautiful Day The Most Beautiful Day may refer to : The Most Beautiful Day ( album ) , 1980 album by Polish band Exodus The Most Beautiful Day ( film ) , 2016 German film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd00c2508796f885c5928897e79e7863", "text": "The Ugly Truth The Ugly Truth is a 2009 American romantic comedy film starring Katherine Heigl and Gerard Butler . The film was released in North America on July 24 , 2009 by Columbia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6fb213728472c1f0ea59b21959d4993", "text": "Beautiful People (UK TV series) Beautiful People was a British comedy drama television series based on the memoirs of Barneys creative director Simon Doonan . The series takes place in Reading , Berkshire , in 1997 , where thirteen-year-old Simon Doonan and his best friend Kylie dream of escaping their dreary suburban surroundings and moving to cosmopolitan London `` to live amongst the beautiful people '' . The first episode aired on BBC Two on 2 October 2008 and recorded overnight ratings of 1.5 million viewers and positive critical reaction . Episodes are self-contained , but do follow a loose story arc throughout the course of each series . The second and final series finished airing on 18 December 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f956d717abb0e074cb31b159a999f81", "text": "Welcome to the Beautiful South Welcome to the Beautiful South is the debut album by English band The Beautiful South , released in October 1989 by Go ! Discs and the next year in America by Elektra Records . Three singles were released from the album : `` Song for Whoever '' ( # 2 in the UK ) , `` You Keep It All In '' ( # 8 ) and `` I 'll Sail This Ship Alone '' ( # 31 ) . The original album cover depicted two pictures by Jan Saudek , one of a woman with a gun in her mouth , and another with a man smoking . Woolworths refused to stock the album , in the words of the band , to `` prevent the hoards -LSB- sic -RSB- of impressionable young fans from blowing their heads off in a gun-gobbling frenzy , or taking up smoking '' ; an alternative cover featuring a picture of a stuffed toy rabbit and a teddy bear was therefore made . NME included it in the `` Top 100 Albums You 've Never Heard '' list in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d66b7d0ac2ba1c69e151792742cc51c0", "text": "List of American films of 1999 A list of American films released in 1999 . American Beauty won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbaa10f8d636fc5e6bef0152b9d8660a", "text": "Priceless (2016 film) Priceless ( known also as Priceless : She 's Worth Fighting For ) is a 2016 American romantic drama film about human trafficking , inspired by true events . It is directed by Ben Smallbone and produced by Steve Barnett with a screenplay by Chris Dowling and Tyler Poelle . Starring singer Joel Smallbone , Bianca Santos , Amber Midthunder , Jim Parrack , and David Koechner , it tells the story of a man who has his life changed when meets two girls , which falls in love with one and starts to protect them from evil forces in the country with bad purposes . The film is being distributed by Roadside Attractions and it was released on October 14 , 2016 to generally positive reviews from critics and audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eb5543c1bebe4b9c309f6691df4b625", "text": "Beautiful (EP) Beautiful is the debut extended play by American singer and rapper Amber , who is a member of South Korean girl group f ( x ) . The EP was released on February 13 , 2015 by S.M. Entertainment .", "title": "" } ]	fever
368cdb197338ef994d67a694135701f6	Peyton Manning played 14 seasons in the NFL.	[ { "docid": "a1d4df2431d092112dc718ee3a816cb0", "text": "Peyton Manning Peyton Williams Manning ( born March 24 , 1976 ) is a former American football quarterback who played 18 seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) , primarily with the Indianapolis Colts . Considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time , he spent 14 seasons with the Colts and was a member of the Denver Broncos in his last four seasons . Manning played college football for the University of Tennessee , leading the Tennessee Volunteers to the 1997 SEC Championship in his senior season . He is the second son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning and older brother of New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning . Manning was selected by the Indianapolis Colts as the first overall pick in the 1998 NFL Draft . From 1998 to 2010 , he improved the fortunes of the struggling Colts franchise and helped transform them into playoff contenders . During his tenure as starting quarterback , Manning led the team to eight division championships , two AFC championships , and one Super Bowl title , the franchise 's first in over three decades , as well as their first since relocating to Indianapolis . After undergoing neck surgery that forced him to miss the entire 2011 season , Manning was released by the Colts and signed with the Denver Broncos . Serving as the team 's starting quarterback from 2012 to 2015 , he contributed to the Broncos reaching the top of their division each year and his playing career concluded with a victory in Super Bowl 50 . Manning holds many NFL records , including passing yards ( 71,940 ) , touchdown passes ( 539 ) , AP MVP awards ( 5 ) , Pro Bowl appearances ( 14 ) , and 4,000-yard passing seasons ( 14 ) . A two-time Super Bowl winner and the most valuable player of Super Bowl XLI , Manning is also the only quarterback to start the Super Bowl for two different franchises more than once each and the only starting quarterback to win a Super Bowl with two different franchises . At 39 years of age , Manning is the oldest quarterback to start in and win a Super Bowl . Manning is also the only quarterback in NFL history to make the Super Bowl four times with four different head coaches ( Dungy , Caldwell , Fox , and Kubiak ) . During a 2009 Monday Night Football game , Manning received the nickname `` The Sheriff '' from color commentator Jon Gruden due to his tendency to audible prior to the snap , and he was one of the most recognizable and parodied players in the NFL . Teams led by Manning typically utilized the hurry-up offense in place of the standard huddle .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "06bffd6db9a353fea472f3341633d5b9", "text": "List of Wisconsin Badgers in the NFL Draft The University of Wisconsin -- Madison Badgers have drafted 289 players into the National Football League ( NFL ) since the league began holding drafts in 1936 . The Badgers ' highest draft position was second overall in 1944 , when Pat Harder was selected by Card-Pitt . Wisconsin 's first drafted player in the NFL was Eddie Jankowski , who was the 9th overall pick by the Green Bay Packers in 1937 . Three former Badgers were selected from the latest NFL draft : T. J. Watt , Ryan Ramczyk and Vince Biegel . Each NFL franchise seeks to add new players through the annual NFL Draft . The team with the worst record the previous year picks first , the next-worst team second , and so on . Teams that did not make the playoffs are ordered by their regular-season record , with any remaining ties broken by strength of schedule . Playoff participants are sequenced after non-playoff teams , based on their round of elimination ( wild card , division , conference , and Super Bowl ) . Before the AFL -- NFL merger agreements in 1966 , the American Football League ( AFL ) operated in direct competition with the NFL and held a separate draft . This led to a massive bidding war over top prospects between the two leagues . As part of the merger agreement on June 8 , 1966 , the two leagues would hold a multiple round `` Common Draft '' . Once the AFL officially merged with the NFL in 1970 , the `` Common Draft '' simply became the NFL Draft . This list includes players that have transferred to or from Wisconsin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af45b1e16282563987d16f1782285af1", "text": "Raymond Clayborn Raymond DeWayne Clayborn ( born January 2 , 1955 in Fort Worth , Texas ) is a former American Football cornerback who played for the New England Patriots ( 1977 -- 1989 ) and Cleveland Browns ( 1990 , 1991 ) of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Before his NFL career , attended Green B. Trimble Technical High School and played for the University of Texas at Austin . Clayborn had a superb career with the Patriots , making the Pro Bowl three times , pairing with Hall of Famer Mike Haynes to form one of the finest cornerback tandems in modern NFL history . As a rookie , he returned 28 kickoffs for 869 yards and a league-leading 3 touchdowns , giving him an NFL-best and Patriots franchise record 31.0 yards per return average . He was instrumental in the New England 's 1985 AFC Title season , recording six regular season interceptions and providing shutdown coverage as the wild-card entry Patriots won three road playoff games en route to an improbable appearance in Super Bowl XX . In the Patriots 31-14 Conference Championship win over the Miami Dolphins , Clayborn helped frustrated Miami quarterback Dan Marino into having a terrible game during which he completed only 20 of 48 passes for 248 yards . Clayborn made one of two Patriots interceptions during the upset . In the subsequent 46-10 loss against the Bears in Super Bowl XX , the Patriots were undone by turnovers and smothered by Chicago 's crushing 46 defense . Though Bears quarterbacks completed only 12 passes for 258 yards with no touchdowns , New England 's secondary was beaten several times on catches for big gains . Clayborn recovered one of two Chicago fumbles while watching his offense turn the ball over six times . An infamous story about a 1979 lockerroom confrontation between Clayborn and Boston Globe reporter Will McDonough has it that Clayborn , frustrated by his play after a 56-3 rout of the New York Jets , got into a shoving match with McDonough . The writer is said to have knocked the 6 ' 0 '' 200 lbs . Pro Bowl corner into a laundry cart , but the story is likely apocryphal . Clayborn finished his career with 36 interceptions , which he returned for 555 yards and a touchdown . He also returned 57 kickoffs for 1,538 yards and 3 touchdowns , and recovered 4 fumbles . At the time of his retirement , his 36 interceptions were a Patriots record . He is currently the NFL Uniform Program Representative for the Houston Texans . He was elected to the New England Patriots Hall of Fame in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5512778cbc43eee3aa98cd41168d9c01", "text": "Jim Martin (American football) James Richard `` Jungle Jim '' Martin ( April 8 , 1924 -- October 9 , 2002 ) was an American football guard , linebacker and placekicker who played fourteen seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) in the 1950s and 1960s , mainly for the Detroit Lions . He was selected to the Pro Bowl , the NFL 's all-star game , after the 1961 season , and went on to be an assistant coach after his playing career . He was an All-American at the University of Notre Dame and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1995 . Martin was a star athlete at his high school in Cleveland , Ohio . He joined the United States Marine Corps after graduating , and served in the Pacific War until it ended in 1945 . He then enrolled at Notre Dame , where he was part of a teams that won the college football national championship in 1946 , 1947 and 1949 under head coach Frank Leahy . Martin was named a first-team All-American in 1949 by several news organizations . The NFL 's Cleveland Browns selected Martin in the 1950 draft , and he played there for one season during which the team won the NFL championship . Browns head coach Paul Brown traded him to the Detroit Lions , where he played between 1951 and 1961 , at first as a guard and later as a linebacker and placekicker . The Lions won NFL championships in 1952 , 1953 and 1957 , all three of them victories over the Browns . After spending a year as an assistant coach for the Denver Broncos , an American Football League team , Martin returned to playing in 1963 for the Baltimore Colts , and played for a final year in 1964 for the Washington Redskins . When he left the Lions , Martin was the team 's all-time leading field goal kicker ; he also became the first NFL player to kick two field goals of more than 50 yards in a single game in 1960 . Martin was an assistant high school coach in California and at Idaho State University before taking a job as an assistant with the Lions between 1967 and 1972 . He also coached in the World Football League in the mid-1970s . Martin later worked as a court officer in Michigan . He was inducted into the Greater Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame in 1976 and into the college hall of fame in 1995 . He died in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb18f6567b9d69d39f7ac709717a870a", "text": "Gary Kubiak Gary Wayne Kubiak ( born August 15 , 1961 ) is a former American football coach and player . He served as head coach for the NFL 's Houston Texans from 2006 to 2013 and of the Denver Broncos in 2015 and 2016 before stepping down from the position on January 1 , 2017 , citing health reasons . He also had jobs as assistant coach at Texas A&M University and with the San Francisco 49ers and Denver Broncos . Kubiak played quarterback in college at Texas A&M . He was drafted in the 8th round , 197th overall pick , of the 1983 NFL Draft by the Broncos where he played from 1983 to 1991 as the backup to John Elway . He participated in seven Super Bowls , losing three as a player with the Broncos , winning three as an assistant coach with the Broncos and the San Francisco 49ers and winning Super Bowl 50 as the head coach of the Broncos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16e005be83d3bf8e92950ab2389519af", "text": "1978 NFL season The 1978 NFL season was the 59th regular season of the National Football League . The league expanded the regular season from a 14-game schedule to 16 . Furthermore , the playoff format was expanded from 8 teams to 10 teams by adding another wild card from each conference . The wild card teams played each other , with the winner advancing to the playoff round of eight teams . The season ended with Super Bowl XIII when the Pittsburgh Steelers defeated the Dallas Cowboys at the Orange Bowl in Miami . The average salary for a player in 1978 was under $ 62,600 , up 13.2 percent over the previous year . Fran Tarkenton was the highest-paid quarterback at $ 360,000 and running back O. J. Simpson was the highest paid player , at just under $ 733,400 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1813d3433d10a6e4991e89df58e59a0", "text": "2014 Green Bay Packers season The Green Bay Packers season was the franchise 's 95th season in the National Football League , the 96th overall and the ninth under head coach Mike McCarthy . The team tied with four other teams for a league-best 12 wins and 4 losses , while also adding a fourth consecutive NFC North division title . The club went undefeated at home for the first time since 2011 . They also led the league in scoring , with 486 points , the second-most in franchise history . It marked the first time since the 2009 season that the team had a 4,000-yard passer , two 1,000-yard receivers , and a 1,000-yard rusher . They won the divisional round playoff game against the Cowboys , but then lost the conference championship game against the Seattle Seahawks in one of the biggest collapses in NFL playoff history . Quarterback Aaron Rodgers was named the league 's Most Valuable Player . The Packers made the playoffs for the sixth straight season , tying the record set between 1993 -- 98", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df7c565a72fc808c9e567c4a737031c1", "text": "Reggie Wayne Reginald Wayne ( born November 17 , 1978 ) is a former American football wide receiver who spent his entire 14-year career with the Indianapolis Colts . He played college football for the University of Miami , and was drafted by the Colts in the first round ( 30th overall ) of the 2001 NFL Draft . A six-time Pro Bowl selection , Wayne was a member of the Colts ' Super Bowl XLI championship team that beat the Chicago Bears . He ranks seventh all-time in NFL career receptions , ninth all-time in NFL receiving yards , and 23rd all-time in career touchdown receptions . On December 14 , 2014 , Wayne played in both his 209th game and his 142nd win as a member of the Colts , breaking the franchise records set by Peyton Manning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "166ebb285e2fa85e9b23d1cc50fe33e7", "text": "1996 NFL season The 1996 NFL season was the 77th regular season of the National Football League and the season was marked by notable controversies from beginning to end . The season ended with Super Bowl XXXI when the Green Bay Packers defeated the New England Patriots 35-21 at the Louisiana Superdome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42c3f4430725f3cfbc512eda18da149f", "text": "Super Bowl XXXVIII Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2003 season . The Patriots defeated the Panthers by the score of 32 -- 29 , winning their second Super Bowl championship in three years . The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston , Texas , on February 1 , 2004 . At the time , this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers . The Panthers were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11 -- 5 regular season record . They also made it the second straight year that a team from the NFC South division made the Super Bowl , with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers winning Super Bowl XXXVII . The Patriots were seeking their second Super Bowl title in three years after posting a 14 -- 2 record . NFL fans and sports writers widely consider this game one of the most well-played and thrilling Super Bowls ; Sports Illustrated writer Peter King hailed it as the `` Greatest Super Bowl of all time . '' Although neither team could score in the first and third quarters , they both ended up with a combined total of 868 yards and 61 points . The game was scoreless for a Super Bowl record 26:55 before the two teams combined for 24 points prior to halftime . The clubs then combined for a Super Bowl record 37 points in the fourth quarter . The contest was finally decided on New England kicker Adam Vinatieri 's 41-yard field goal with four seconds left . Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in three years . He set a Super Bowl record for the most pass completions ( 32 ) , completing 66.7 percent of his passes and accumulating 354 passing yards , 3 touchdowns , and 12 rushing yards . Jake Delhomme for his part overcame the poor start with 323 passing yards and three touchdowns . The 61 combined points stood as a Super Bowl record until the 62 points scored in Super Bowl LI in 2017 . The game is also known for its controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson 's breast , adorned with a nipple shield , was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about half a second , in what was later referred to as a `` wardrobe malfunction '' . Along with the rest of the halftime show , it led to an immediate crackdown by the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e4ac6e9784574896d993ab6914b2b3", "text": "2002 Denver Broncos season The Denver Broncos season was the team 's 43rd year in professional football and its 33rd with the National Football League . With the sudden retirement of Terrell Davis in the preseason , Denver had to rely on rookie Clinton Portis , who provided an instant spark to the Broncos running game . Despite his presence , however , the Broncos finished with a 9-7 record , and narrowly missing the postseason .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef0940d810b4cc819938c9c07c43fb07", "text": "2015 Pro Bowl The 2015 Pro Bowl was the National Football League 's all-star game for the 2014 season . It began at 6 pm local time on January 25 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale , Arizona , and it was the first Pro Bowl to be held outside of Hawaii since 2010The game was televised nationally by ESPN . The game continued the `` unconferenced '' format that was debuted in the 2014 Pro Bowl . The game was the third Pro Bowl that took place in the same site as that year 's Super Bowl . It was also the sixth consecutive year where the Pro Bowl took place prior to the Super Bowl . Hall of Fame wide receivers Cris Carter and Michael Irvin were selected as the alumni captains of the game . Jason Garrett of the Dallas Cowboys and John Harbaugh of the Baltimore Ravens were the game 's coaches . The coaches were to come from the higher seeded teams in each conference to lose in the Divisional Round of the 2014 -- 15 NFL playoffs , which has been the convention since the 2010 Pro Bowl . However , the Denver Broncos ( the highest seeded Divisional Round loser in the AFC ) and head coach John Fox mutually agreed to part ways following their playoff loss , so Harbaugh ( who coached the Ravens , the other Divisional Round loser from the AFC ) was selected instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1837f901a11e931746faac3b2c662565", "text": "2011 Detroit Lions season The Detroit Lions season was the franchise 's 82nd season in the National Football League , their 78th as the Detroit Lions , the 10th playing its home games at Ford Field and the third year under head coach Jim Schwartz . With a regular season record of 10 -- 6 , the team improved on its 6 -- 10 record from 2010 , which is their third consecutive improved season . It was the Lions ' first winning season since 2000 and first 10 win season since 1995 . The Lions ' 5 -- 0 start was their best since 1956 . With their win over the San Diego Chargers on December 24 , the Lions clinched an NFC Wild Card spot in the postseason . After their loss to the Green Bay Packers in Week 17 , it was determined the Lions would play the New Orleans Saints in one of the NFC Wild Card Games , which the Lions lost 45 -- 28 . It was their first playoff berth since 1999 . The Lions ran a pass-heavy offense in 2011 , mainly due to early injuries of running backs Mikel Leshoure , who was injured in the preseason and Jahvid Best , who was injured with a concussion in week 6 against the 49ers . Kevin Smith was signed in November as running back , but he too was injured , this time a high ankle sprain during week 11 that inhibited his running . Quarterback Matthew Stafford 's 663 passing attempts ( 41.4 attempts per game ) led the league , and they only ran the ball on 33.8 % of their plays , a league low . According to statistics site Football Outsiders , the Lions went into shotgun formation a league-leading 68 % of offensive plays in 2011 . Stafford became only the fourth quarterback to pass for 5,000 yards in a season , and his 5,038 yards passing are 5th-most in NFL history ( though only 3rd in the 2011 NFL season ) . The 474 points that the Lions scored in 2011 are the most in franchise history , and only the second time that the team had scored 400 + points in a season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b752fc497654f6f2266c5d60b5fb75", "text": "List of National Football League rushing champions In American football , running ( also referred to as rushing ) is , along with passing , one of the two main methods of advancing the ball down the field . A running play generally occurs when the quarterback hands or tosses the ball backwards to the running back , but other players , such as the quarterback , can run with the ball . In the National Football League ( NFL ) , the player who has recorded the most rushing yards for a season is considered the winner of the rushing title for that season . In addition to the NFL rushing champion , league record books recognize the rushing champions of the American Football League ( AFL ) , which operated from 1960 to 1969 before being absorbed into the National Football League in 1970 . The NFL did not begin keeping official records until the 1932 season . The average amount of yardage the rushing champion has gained has increased over time -- since the adoption of the 14-game season in 1961 , all but two rushing champions have recorded over 1,000 yards rushing , and the adoption of the 16-game season in 1978 has resulted in many rushing champions recording over 1,500 rushing yards . Seven rushing champions have recorded over 2,000 rushing yards , a feat first accomplished by O. J. Simpson in 1973 and most recently accomplished by Adrian Peterson in 2012 . The player with the most rushing titles is Jim Brown , who was the rushing champion eight times over his career . Eric Dickerson , Emmitt Smith , O. J. Simpson , Steve Van Buren , and Barry Sanders are tied for the second-most rushing titles , each having won four times . Jim Brown also holds the record for the most consecutive rushing titles with five , having led the league in rushing each year from 1957 to 1961 . Steve Van Buren , Emmitt Smith , and Earl Campbell each recorded three consecutive rushing titles . The Cleveland Browns have recorded the most rushing titles with eleven ; the Chicago Bears rank second , with six rushing titles . The most recent rushing champion is Dallas ' Ezekiel Elliott , who led the league with 1,631 yards rushing over the 2016 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffd031db05c68aadfac4baf6250cf992", "text": "Adrian Burk Adrian Matthew Burk ( December 14 , 1927 -- July 7 , 2003 ) was an American football quarterback in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the Baltimore Colts and Philadelphia Eagles . After his playing career he served as an official .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90282d59be876d10d318ecda99cb9e2c", "text": "Milt Plum Milton Ross Plum ( born January 20 , 1935 ) is a former American football quarterback who played for the Cleveland Browns ( 1957 -- 61 ) , Detroit Lions ( 1962 -- 67 ) , Los Angeles Rams ( 1968 ) and New York Giants ( 1969 ) of the National Football League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce80c9c23536473d0d0e1de926c1f54", "text": "1997 NFL season The 1997 NFL season was the 78th regular season of the National Football League . The Oilers relocated from Houston , Texas to Nashville , Tennessee . The newly renamed Tennessee Oilers played their home games during this season at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis , Tennessee while a new stadium in Nashville began construction . Houston would rejoin the NFL with the expansion Texans in 2002 . This was the last season to date that TNT broadcast NFL games , as well as the last for NBC until 2006 . When the TV contracts were renewed near the end of the season , Fox retained the National Football Conference package , CBS took over the American Football Conference package and ESPN won the right to televise all of the Sunday night games . Due to Game 7 of the 1997 World Series , the Chicago Bears -- Miami Dolphins game at Pro Player Stadium was delayed one day to Monday , October 27 . The Denver Broncos and Tampa Bay Buccaneers both changed their uniforms , and the new uniforms for both teams were introduced during this season . The season ended with Super Bowl XXXII when the Denver Broncos defeated the Green Bay Packers 31-24 at the Qualcomm Stadium . This broke the National Football Conference 's streak of 13 consecutive Super Bowl victories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ce9062a4c9b0b78409c391f91c8cc5", "text": "History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games . American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States . The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon . The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a9ad2273c98aeb236bd0708ba59a09b", "text": "2014 College Football All-America Team The 2014 College Football All-America Team includes those players of American college football who have been honored by various selector organizations as the best players at their respective positions . The selector organizations award the `` All-America '' honor annually following the conclusion of the fall college football season . The original All-America team was the 1889 College Football All-America Team selected by Caspar Whitney and Walter Camp . In 1950 , the National Collegiate Athletic Bureau , which is the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) service bureau , compiled the first list of All-Americans including first-team selections on teams created for a national audience that received national circulation with the intent of recognizing selections made from viewpoints that were nationwide . Since 1957 , College Sports Information Directors of America ( CoSIDA ) has bestowed Academic All-American recognition on male and female athletes in Divisions I , II , and III of the NCAA as well as National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics athletes , covering all NCAA championship sports . The 2014 College Football All-America Team is composed of the following College Football All-American first teams chosen by the following selector organizations : Associated Press ( AP ) , Football Writers Association of America ( FWAA ) , American Football Coaches Association ( AFCA ) , Walter Camp Foundation ( WCFF ) , The Sporting News ( TSN ) , Sports Illustrated ( SI ) , USA Today ( USAT ) ESPN , CBS Sports ( CBS ) , College Football News ( CFN ) , Scout.com , and Yahoo! Sports ( Yahoo! ) . Currently , the NCAA compiles consensus all-America teams in the sports of Division I-FBS football and Division I men 's basketball using a point system computed from All-America teams named by coaches associations or media sources . The system consists of three points for a first-team honor , two points for second-team honor , and one point for third-team honor . Honorable mention and fourth team or lower recognitions are not accorded any points . Football consensus teams are compiled by position and the player accumulating the most points at each position is named first team consensus all-American . Currently , the NCAA recognizes All-Americans selected by the AP , AFCA , FWAA , TSN , and the WCFF to determine Consensus and Unanimous All-Americans . In 2014 , there were 12 unanimous All-Americans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a79dfb18674c8b42bf9a4a83b98d60ee", "text": "List of Kansas City Chiefs starting quarterbacks The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City , Missouri . The Chiefs are a member of the Western Division of the American Football Conference in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Originally named the Dallas Texans , the club was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League . In 1963 , the team moved to Kansas City , Missouri and were renamed the Kansas City Chiefs . The Chiefs have had 33 starting quarterbacks in their franchise 's history . Cotton Davidson was the team 's first starting quarterback ; he played all 14 games for the Texans in their inaugural 1960 season . Davidson played with the franchise from 1960 to 1962 , and was traded in 1963 to the Oakland Raiders . Len Dawson signed with on July 2 , 1962 and played for the franchise for 14 seasons . With Dawson as the team 's starter , the Texans/Chiefs won three American Football League championships and appeared in two Super Bowl championship games . Dawson was named Most Valuable Player after the Chiefs ' victory in Super Bowl IV and retired in 1975 with several franchise records . Three future Pro Football Hall of Fame enshrinees played for Kansas City : Dawson , Joe Montana , and Warren Moon . In the 2008 season , the Chiefs started three quarterbacks : Brodie Croyle , Damon Huard , and Tyler Thigpen . After Croyle and Huard were sidelined by injuries , Thigpen played in eleven games , winning one and losing ten . In 2009 and 2010 , Matt Cassel started 15 of 16 games each season , while Croyle started the other 2 games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f62c35b6449464a00314716b8506b99c", "text": "1994 Denver Broncos season The Denver Broncos season was the team 's 35th year in professional football and its 25th with the National Football League . The season would be noted for being the final year that Wade Phillips was head coach .", "title": "" } ]	fever
48ad25b0c9d41861cd024c46c5d6191f	Champion is a German film.	[ { "docid": "30c4730e31f56a017b44154fb4cfabc8", "text": "Champion (1949 film) Champion is a 1949 American film noir drama sport film based on a short story by Ring Lardner . It recounts the struggles of boxer `` Midge '' Kelly fighting his own demons while working to achieve success in the boxing ring . The drama was directed by Mark Robson , with cinematography by Franz Planer . The drama features Kirk Douglas , Marilyn Maxwell , and Arthur Kennedy . The film won an Academy Award for Editing and gained five other nominations as well , including a Best Actor for Douglas . Several clips from the film were used in Douglas ' 1999 film Diamonds to illustrate his character 's career as a boxer .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "43f07b302a1fc1fdc803fe7458d25696", "text": "Eternal Champion The Eternal Champion is a fictional creation of the author Michael Moorcock and is a recurrent feature in many of his novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1df24e459d38ae2980eae783a789232c", "text": "Champions of Europe Champions of Europe is a traditional football simulation video game released for the Sega Master System in 1992 to coincide with the UEFA Euro 1992 football tournament . It was developed and published by TecMagik . It is a top-down football game that was the only official game of the tournament available for the Master System . Box artwork and in game screens feature the official logo of the tournament and the image of the official mascot , Berni the Bunni .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10708d4de9b6cf293a450160b6bfa766", "text": "The Champion (TV series) The Champion is an idol drama produced by Mediacorp in Singapore . It was telecast from October 20 to November 16 , 2004 . The show stars Taiwanese idol Toro , Yen Hsing-su , Qi Yuwu , Julian Hee , Jeanette Aw , Felicia Chin , Fiona Xie and Joyce Zhao , all young actors and actresses . This show also marked Jesseca Liu 's acting debut . It received one of the highest viewership rate during the telecast of the show , especially since there were a few semi-nude scenes such as Qi Yuwu stripping on-screen and Fiona Xie and other members of the Flying Fish running down Orchard Road in their bikinis . This was also the first drama which allowed viewers to vote via a SMS competition on Nov 16 2004 for the viewers ' favourite 2-minute short ending which was aired on Nov 17 2004 at 8.58 pm just before the debut of the next drama My Mighty In-Laws .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c909f1f703e8c9db7504d49e7337e16b", "text": "2006 BBL Champions Cup The 2006 BBL Champions Cup was the first edition of the super cup game in German basketball , and was played on September 21 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3867b7a3f7b23cdf8b23bbfa4ea96815", "text": "2014–15 Bundesliga The 2014 -- 15 Bundesliga was the 52nd season of the Bundesliga , Germany 's premier football competition . The season started on 22 August 2014 and the final matchday took place on 23 May 2015 . Bayern Munich won their 25th German title on 26 April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd0fb3dacabd19579d66cd88cd8c2fe9", "text": "FilmArtFestival Mecklenburg-Pomerania The FilmArtFestival Mecklenburg-Pomerania in Schwerin ( filmkunstfest Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ) , founded in 1991 -- just after the fall of the wall -- is today one of East Germany 's largest film festivals with more than 17,000 visitors . It has a competition for feature film , documentary film and short film to be produced or co-produced in Germany , Austria or Switzerland . The main prize is the Flying Ox ( Fliegender Ochse ) , a hint to the armorial bearings of the State of Mecklenburg , the Taurus . The main prize is endowed with 10.000 $ by the Ministry of Education , Science and Culture Mecklenburg-Pomerania . The Findling Award is by the umbrella organization of the art house cinemas , cultural cinemas and film clubs , the Verband für Filmkommunikation . The festival takes place usually in the first week of May .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c00e3902752c111092a08d41658014a", "text": "Gower Champion Gower Carlyle Champion ( June 22 , 1919 -- August 25 , 1980 ) was an American actor , theatre director , choreographer , and dancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2accdd73b7f41a4d5eb9fa50cc1d2e46", "text": "History of FC Bayern Munich FC Bayern Munich is a German sports club based in Munich , Bavaria . It is best known for its professional football team , which plays in the Bundesliga , the top tier of the German football league system , and is the most successful club in German football history , having won a record 26 national titles and 18 national cups . Founded in 1900 by eleven football players led by Franz John , the club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when , under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer , it won the European Cup three times in a row ( 1974 -- 76 ) . Overall , Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals , most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble . Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup , one European Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups , making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally . Since the formation of the Bundesliga , Bayern has been the dominant club in German football with 26 titles and has won 8 of the last 12 titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdd43e91aedb44bf54ccdce6a79758a8", "text": "Champion Spark Plug Hour Champion Spark Plug Hour was a music radio program sponsored by Champion . It was broadcast on New York 's WJZ and WGY during the late 1920s and early 1930s . An entry in The Chronicle-Telegram ( Elyria , Ohio ) for October 4 , 1926 , indicates the show aired on Tuesday afternoons at 5 p.m. By 1928 , they were heard Wednesday evenings at 8 p.m. on the NBC Blue Network . The program featured the Champion Sparkers Male Quartet and an orchestra conducted by Walter Gustave `` Gus '' Haenschen . Personnel in the band included Sam Lewis ( trombone ) , Earl Oliver ( trumpet ) , Merle Johnston ( saxophone ) and Phil Gleason . Irving Kaufman ( 1890-1976 ) was a featured vocalist with the band . The Oswego Palladium-Times ( Oswego , New York ) offered a description of the program for December 27 , 1928 : The Champion Sparkers will present Ed Smalle . singing comedian as featured soloist during thelr program which will be heard from WHAM and other stations of the NBC System at 8 o'clock tonight . Smalle 's numbers include `` Happy Days and Lonely Nights , '' `` All By Yourself in the Moonlight '' and `` The Sun is at My Window . '' The delicate `` Valse Viennese '' is offered in an interesting arrangement for saxophones . Haenschen , who was also the program 's director , composed the show 's theme song , `` The March of the Champions '' ( aka `` Champion Sparkers March '' ) . The orchestra and quartet recorded for Brunswick Records in 1931 , including William Tell Overture , The Mikado , Peer Gynt Suites , `` Parade of the Wooden Soldiers , '' `` Just Bubbling Over with Love '' and `` Lilting Lucia . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6d8210c2f8e63e13778d219249f7031", "text": "Der Eugen Der Eugen is a German television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a0c2f730ef43db86380d9cc48c3950e", "text": "Nameless Heroes (film) Nameless Heroes ( German : Namenlose Helden ) is a 1925 German silent film directed by Curtis Bernhardt . Only a fragment of the film still survives . It was made by the Communist-controlled Prometheus Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35021afe87662f1f63452ffecfc0055d", "text": "Lessons of a Dream Lessons of a Dream ( Der ganz große Traum ) is a German drama film directed by Sebastian Grobler , loosely based on the life of German football pioneer Konrad Koch in the late 19th-century . In the film , Koch is one of the first English teachers in the German Empire , in Braunschweig . He introduces his students to the new sport of football , completely unknown outside of England at the time , to get them interested in English culture and the English language . Koch 's liberal teaching methods upset his conservative colleagues , the student 's parents , and local dignitaries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ecb7c16304d750df5ff81afc4e99ffd", "text": "The Regiment's Champion The Regiment 's Champion ( French : Le champion du régiment ) is a 1932 French comedy film directed by Henry Wulschleger and starring Bach , Charles Montel and Georges Tréville .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd679da47320d3f535fa755df3eea803", "text": "1943 German football championship The 1943 German football championship , the 36th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club 's first-ever championship , won by defeating FV Saarbrücken in the final . The twenty nine 1942 -- 43 Gauliga champions , four more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the last completed one during the war , the German championship was played with thirty one clubs , expanded through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years . The 1943 championship marked the end of the golden era of FC Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . In 1943 defending champions Schalke was knocked out in the quarter finals by Holstein Kiel , thereby ending the clubs quest for a twelfth consecutive semi-finals appearance . Ernst Kalwitzki of FC Schalke 04 and Herbert Binkert of 1 . FC Saarbrücken were the joint top scorers for the 1943 championship with five goals each , the lowest for any top scorer since 1925 . For Kalwitzki it was the third and last time , after 1937 and 1939 , to finish as top scorer . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund . Dresdner SC completed the 1942 -- 43 season unbeaten , finishing the Gauliga Sachsen with -8 wins out of 18 games and than to win all five games in the championship as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c25963337325ae4f9e9657a97570ecc", "text": "1992–93 Bundesliga The 1992 -- 93 Bundesliga was the 30th season of the Bundesliga , Germany 's premier football league . It began on 14 August 1992 and ended on 5 June 1993 . VfB Stuttgart were the defending champions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "313b47456bd88ce09a558ebcc5a998c1", "text": "The Council of the Gods Der Rat der Götter ( The Council of the Gods ) is an East German black-and-white film , directed by Kurt Maetzig . It was released in 1950 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc6534c03f4f6ab24b66f391eac7bc86", "text": "Overhead Champion is a Japanese Trance DJ .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5102c13a444a4c8fedaaa6f8604eca75", "text": "Martial Champion is a 1993 fighting game released for the arcades by Konami . It was Konami 's third fighting game after the 1985 releases Yie Ar Kung-Fu and Galactic Warriors and the 1986 release Yie Ar Kung-Fu II , and their first release that came after the success of Capcom 's 1991 arcade hit Street Fighter II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "742cfc30b8fdd1a0d4e8662f6a2148d2", "text": "1974–75 Bundesliga The 1974 -- 75 Bundesliga was the 12th season of the Bundesliga , West Germany 's premier football league . It began on 24 August 1974 and ended on 14 June 1975 . FC Bayern Munich were the defending champions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aad58b6d950ff1144c3e0c2a78f48e53", "text": "Swiss Film Award The Swiss Film Award ( formerly Swiss Film Prize ) ( Prix du cinéma suisse , Schweizer Filmpreis , Premio del cinema svizzero , Premi dal film svizzer ) is the national film award of Switzerland , first given out in 1998 . 1998 to 2008 : the Prize was given in during the Solothurn Film Festival . 2009 : the nomination night happened in Solothurn during January . Each film nominated received a cash-prize . During the beginning of March , a `` glamour '' ceremony , the first one of its kind , was organised in Lucerne . The prize awarded is a Cristal-like statue , called `` The Quartz '' . 2009 was the last year where the Jury was composed of people from the Swiss state and the Federal Office of Culture . 2010 : Nomination in Solothurn again , during the Solothurn Film Festival during January . Ceremony in Lucerne in March . The prizes have been awarded for the first time by the Swiss Film Academy , created in 2008 . It was the first time that no state intervention occurred .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c23a7bf3f2980dbb4917c6d4c7690bf4	Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was released on November 18, 2016 in America.	[ { "docid": "0bdee5b859d51bd172871f39d902b6fb", "text": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film) Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2016 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . A spin-off of the Harry Potter film series , it was produced and written by J. K. Rowling , in her screenwriting debut , and inspired by her book of the same name . Set in 1926 New York , the film stars Eddie Redmayne as Newt Scamander with Katherine Waterston , Dan Fogler , Alison Sudol , Ezra Miller , Samantha Morton , Jon Voight , Carmen Ejogo , Ron Perlman and Colin Farrell in supporting roles . It is the first instalment in the Fantastic Beasts series , and the ninth overall in J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World , the franchise that began with the Harry Potter films . Principal photography began at Warner Bros. . Studios , Leavesden , England in August 2015 and was completed in January 2016 . Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them premiered in New York City on 10 November 2016 and was released worldwide on 18 November 2016 in 3D , IMAX 4K Laser and other large format cinemas . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 814 million worldwide , making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2016 . The film was nominated for five BAFTAs , winning for Best Production Design , as well as two Academy Awards , winning Best Costume Design , becoming the first film in J.K. Rowling 's Wizarding World to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3b2c212a115b1bbc87d68ef368116472", "text": "Ouija: Origin of Evil Ouija : Origin of Evil is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed and edited by Mike Flanagan and written by Flanagan and Jeff Howard . The film is a prequel to the 2014 film Ouija and stars Elizabeth Reaser , Annalise Basso , Lulu Wilson , Parker Mack , Doug Jones and Henry Thomas . Unlike its predecessor , the film 's plot focuses on a widow and her family adding a Ouija board to their phony seance business where , unbeknownst to them , they invite a spirit that possesses the youngest daughter . The film was released on October 21 , 2016 by Universal Studios , grossing over $ 81 million . The film received positive reviews , with many praising it as a significant improvement over its predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c69bd1b370f8b6f7b029701f3974464", "text": "Pet (film) Pet is an American/Spanish psychological thriller film written by Jeremy Slater , directed by Carles Torrens , and starring Dominic Monaghan , Ksenia Solo , Jennette McCurdy , and Nathan Parsons . The film premiered at South by Southwest on March 11 , 2016 and was released to theaters on December 2 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df5bdf8f714c8fe3d8edcc548c444e23", "text": "Megadimension Neptunia VII is a Japanese role-playing game in the Hyperdimension Neptunia series of role-playing games , for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows . It was released in Japan on April 23 , 2015 , North American territories on February 2 , 2016 , European territories on February 12 , 2016 and the Windows version was released on July 5 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99017bb23ad0e1b61d19685811ad8e8d", "text": "Looking for America Tour The Looking for America Tour is a concert tour by American alternative rock bands Switchfoot and Relient K in support of their albums Where the Light Shines Through and Air for Free . The co-headlining tour is set to span 44 dates across the United States from September through November 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81ae188b8ad9788c5d5861730791b746", "text": "Deals with Our Devils `` Deals with Our Devils '' is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement , and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his allies , who are trapped between dimensions . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by DJ Doyle , and directed by Jesse Bochco . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Henry Simmons , and John Hannah . `` Deals with Our Devils '' originally aired on ABC on November 29 , 2016 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.63 million viewers within a week of its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "599b1999d806bdc08f3ff6b5a10783c0", "text": "Hunter × Hunter is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Togashi . It has been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine and journal since March 3 , 1998 , although the manga has frequently gone on extended hiatuses since 2006 . As of June 2016 , 350 chapters have been collected into 33 volumes by Shueisha . The story focuses on a young boy named Gon Freecss , who discovers that his father , who he was told was dead , is actually alive and a world-renowned Hunter , a licensed profession for those who specialize in fantastic pursuits such as locating rare or unidentified animal species , treasure hunting , surveying unexplored enclaves , or hunting down lawless individuals . Despite being abandoned by his father , Gon departs upon a journey to follow in his footsteps , pass the rigorous Hunter Examination , and eventually find his father . Along the way , Gon meets various other Hunters and also encounters the paranormal . The original inspiration for the manga came from Togashi 's own collecting hobby . In 1999 , Hunter × Hunter was adapted into a 62-episode anime television series produced by Nippon Animation and directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi . The show premiered on Japan 's Fuji TV and ran until 2001 . Three separate original video animations ( OVAs ) totaling 30 episodes were subsequently produced by Nippon Animation and released in Japan from 2002 to 2004 . A second anime television series by Madhouse aired on Nippon Television from October 2011 to September 2014 , with two animated theatrical films released in 2013 . There are also numerous audio albums , video games , musicals , and other media based on Hunter × Hunter . The manga has been translated into English and released in North America by Viz Media since April 2005 . Both television series were also licensed by Viz , with the first series having aired on the Funimation Channel in 2009 and the second series premiering on Adult Swim 's Toonami block since April 16 , 2016 . Hunter × Hunter has been a huge critical and financial success and has become one of Shueisha 's best-selling manga series , having sold 66 million copies in Japan alone as of 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8421f6ade7dccef42a508ba603d915cc", "text": "Barbie: Star Light Adventure Barbie : Star Light Adventure is a 2016 animated film and the second film in the fourth season of films in the Barbie film series . The movie was given a limited theatrical release in July 30 , 2016 and was released to home video in September 13 , 2016 . Mattel has released a toy line , a story book , and a comic , based on the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2086c023ccd016c425d304ba5a7af1a4", "text": "Buddymoon Buddymoon ( previously known as Honey Buddies ) is a 2016 American independent comedy film directed by Alex Simmons ; written by Simmons , Flula Borg , and David Giuntoli ; and starring Borg and Giuntoli . It is the story of a former child actor ( Giuntoli ) whose fiancée leaves him days before their wedding . In an effort to cheer him up , his best friend and would-be best man ( Borg ) convinces him that the two of them should go on the planned honeymoon trip together . Buddymoon premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival in Park City , Utah on January 23 , 2016 and received their Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature . It also appeared , among other places , at the Florida Film Festival , where it also won the Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature , and it was the opening film for the Ashland ( Oregon ) Independent Film Festival . In March 2016 , worldwide distribution rights to the film were acquired by Gravitas Ventures and Orion Pictures . Its theatrical and home video release was on July 1 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da106573fbb7e2da01294c803954d891", "text": "Allied (film) Allied is a 2016 romantic thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight . It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter and collaborator , who fall in love during a mission in Casablanca . Jared Harris , Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star . Principal photography began in February 2016 in London . The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2016 by Paramount Pictures , receiving mixed reviews from critics , although Pitt and particularly Cotillard 's performances were praised , and grossed $ 119 million worldwide . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b61a7c2ef4e4de2686cd9f21b8c2c091", "text": "2016 in film 2016 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , and a list of films released and deaths .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e746db7cdfa5db546837b2c059febe1b", "text": "Dragon Blade (film) Dragon Blade is a 2015 Chinese-Hong Kong historical action film written and directed by Daniel Lee and starring Jackie Chan . In the film , Chan plays Huo An , the commander of the Protection Squad of the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty . Dragon Blade was released in IMAX 3D on 19 February 2015 , the first day of the Chinese New Year holiday period . The film was released in the United States on 4 September 2015 by Lionsgate Premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "211c764d410fedaff942669a8f2c48f0", "text": "November 18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dcb31d030ed15ac3efcf4c09507ab7b", "text": "Deadman Apocalypse Deadman Apocalypse is a 2016 science fiction film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29609c32ac87312ca94957b12c57490a", "text": "Phantom Detective Phantom Detective ( ; lit . Detective Hong Gil-Dong : Disappeared Village ) is a 2016 South Korean film noir comedy action film directed and written by Jo Sung-hee . Its central protagonist is a modern iteration of the classic Korean folk hero Hong Gildong . It was released in South Korea on May 4 , 2016 . It was released in U.S. and Canada on 20 May 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d829d39938760967f25a993020576f94", "text": "Colleen Atwood Colleen Atwood ( born September 25 , 1948 ) is an American costume designer . Atwood has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design twelve times , winning four times ; for the films Chicago ( 2002 ) , Memoirs of a Geisha ( 2005 ) , Alice in Wonderland ( 2010 ) , and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) . Atwood has collaborated several times with directors Tim Burton , Rob Marshall and Jonathan Demme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bd51c3e55f57f5dcbca3086819289f4f	Tony Bill worked with Daryl Hannah and he is American.	[ { "docid": "16f36b68461191271d8a476d5ec67deb", "text": "Crazy People Crazy People ( stylized as Cяazy People ) is a 1990 American comedy film starring Dudley Moore and Daryl Hannah , and directed by Tony Bill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25ab07475379188019dd27d18f64a1b", "text": "Tony Bill Gerard Anthony `` Tony '' Bill ( born August 23 , 1940 ) is an American actor , producer , and director . He produced the 1973 movie The Sting , for which he shared the Academy Award for Best Picture with Michael Phillips and Julia Phillips . As an actor , Bill has had supporting roles in films including Come Blow Your Horn ( 1963 ) , Shampoo ( 1975 ) , Pee-Wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) , and Less Than Zero ( 1987 ) . He made his directorial debut with My Bodyguard ( 1980 ) , and has since directed movies like Six Weeks ( 1982 ) , Five Corners ( 1987 ) , Crazy People ( 1990 ) , and Flyboys ( 2006 ) . He often casts Dudley Moore in his films .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2d09412bc189b162a4a0ead465e55477", "text": "Sacred Cow Productions Sacred Cow Productions is a production company founded by filmmaker and author Kevin Booth and the late comedian Bill Hicks . SCP has produced videos and albums of comedians such as Hicks himself , Joe Rogan and Doug Stanhope , hard-hitting subjects like the drug wars , and controversial subject matter such as Waco siege and 9/11 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64c2a087d895ecc73ddbacf9afdfcd43", "text": "Tony Lee (actor) Tony Lee is an actor . He attended Le Conte High School in Los Angeles , went to college at the University of California at Berkeley , and graduated with a degree in law from the University of California at Los Angeles . He has been admitted to the State Bar of California . He currently works for Cunningham Lindsey as a Customer Service Officer . Nonetheless , he has been playing mostly non-recurring roles in various television series since 2000 such as his role in The West Wing episode entitled `` Han '' , except for Lost , where he played Jae Lee for three episodes . He is also well known for playing his role as Tony Lee in the Nickelodeon television sitcom Just Jordan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "376f38ec67d3cc6824d9aa8b8732229b", "text": "Tony Camin Tony Camin is an American standup comedian and television writer living in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f59ff51d24a95eddeec7c45de96008a9", "text": "Tony Stone (music producer) Tony Stone ( born 1982 ) is an American music producer and project developer for Christian hip hop artists . He has produced the music to hundreds of songs in the genre . He is currently the Project Manager for Reflection Music Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f660d15ce40db87493a1d9e95afc0c13", "text": "The Bills The Bills are a high impact , acoustic folk music quintet from the West Coast of Canada . They have developed a unique sound , blending traditional influences from around North America and the rest of the globe in crafting their own vocal and instrumental music . Formed in 1996 ( as The Bill Hilly Band ) , they have performed extensively throughout North America and Europe . Most recently , in 2012/2013 , the band has embarked on tours in North America to support their 2012 release ( 2013 in the US ) , Yes Please . Though the lineup has had a few changes since the band first formed , the present-day Bills include : Marc Atkinson - mandolin , guitar , vocals Richard Moody - violin , viola , vocals Chris Frye - guitar , lead vocals Adrian Dolan - fiddle , piano , accordion , vocals Scott `` Grampa Bill '' White - upright bass , vocals The group has also toured and recorded with both Joey Smith and Nick Mintenko on bass , and Glen Manders ( `` Reverend Bill Bass '' ) was the bassist and key part of their early success from 1998 to 2008 . The Hamilton Spectator said `` The Bills represent everything that is good about roots music in Canada '' . The Boston Globe wrote `` Their sound is panoramic , mischievous , fiercely unpretentious - and musically splendid '' . And to top it all off , in honour of their legendary live shows and inventive rootsy style , the UK press proclaimed `` The biggest blast of fresh air to come out of Canada since The Band '' ( Glasgow Herald ) and `` Probably the best live act I have ever seen '' ( Maverick Magazine ) . The Bills have their strongest followings in Western Canada , the Western US ( particularly Northern California ) , Ontario and the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67724ea720fe91dac40e9cf65028615a", "text": "Tony Hawk's Underground 2: Remix Tony Hawk 's Underground 2 : Remix is a skateboarding video game in the Tony Hawk 's series . The game , developed by Shaba Games and published by Activision , is the first handheld release in the series for the PlayStation Portable . Primarily a port of its console counterpart , the game featured a different progression , with four exclusive levels , exclusive characters , and new cut-scenes . `` Create-a-Park '' was notably absent in the game , with some graphics and other aspects toned down from the console version . It was released on March 24 , 2005 , as a launch title for the system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5ecd5bd435bfa9208e9a483d07f4520", "text": "VH1 Storytellers: Johnny Cash & Willie Nelson VH1 Storytellers is the 83rd overall album and is a live album by Johnny Cash and Willie Nelson , released in 1998 ( see 1998 in music ) on American Recordings . The album was produced by Rick Rubin and was the third record released as part of Cash 's ten-year period of collaboration with Rubin . It is not , however , counted as part of the American Recordings series , which is reserved for Cash 's studio work with Rubin . Cash and Nelson take turns on songs associated with each respective artist , usually with the other performing harmony or occasionally verses . The opening track is a duet with Cash and Nelson , and some tracks feature guitar solos by Nelson . Between tracks , Cash and Nelson joke with each other and discuss the songs and their origins . This was the final album of new performances released by Cash prior to the onset of health problems that forced him to curtail live concerts also led to changes in the timbre of his voice that were noticeable from American III : Solitary Man ( his next album release of new recordings issued in 2000 ) onwards . It was also Cash 's final purpose-recorded live album to be released during his lifetime , though an archival recording , Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden , recorded in 1969 , would be issued a year before his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5067aaab83726ee338b3c669acd0431", "text": "Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie ( born September 23 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He has been featured in feature films , television series , and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays , including Ma Rainey 's Black Bottom , Drowning Crow , McReele , A Soldier 's Play , and Carl Hancock Rux 's Talk , for which he won an Obie Award in 2002 . In 2002 , he was featured in Eminem 's debut film , 8 Mile . He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother . His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker . In 2014 , he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Sam Wilson / Falcon , making his first appearance in Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and reprising the role in Avengers : Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , and Captain America : Civil War . In May 2016 , he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way as Martin Luther King Jr. , opposite Bryan Cranston , who was reprising his Tony Award-winning performance as President Lyndon B. Johnson in the play of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05fad906806b8219d06c492a5239f707", "text": "Wild Bill (1995 film) Wild Bill is a 1995 Western film about the last days of legendary lawman Wild Bill Hickok . It stars Jeff Bridges , Ellen Barkin , John Hurt and Diane Lane . The film was distributed by United Artists . It was written and directed by Walter Hill , with writing credits also going to Pete Dexter , author of the book Deadwood , and Thomas Babe , author of the play Fathers and Sons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea470aaa791186bf43ca26086f4c67cd", "text": "Hannah Friedman Hannah Friedman ( born September 29 , 1986 ) is a writer , director , and musician from New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1035d21564b08b179e598f58d9d67e61", "text": "Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live! Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga : Cheek to Cheek Live ! is an American concert television special featuring live performances by Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga in support of their collaborative studio album , Cheek to Cheek , released in September 2014 . It was held at the Rose Theater of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in July following the announcement of the album 's release , and was aired on PBS on October 24 , 2014 , as part of the network 's Great Performances series . The concert was watched by an audience consisting of invited guests and students from New York schools . Bennett and Gaga were joined on stage by 39-piece orchestra and jazz musicians associated with both artists . A number of costumes were worn by Gaga , provided by designers including Roberto Cavalli , Michael Costello , Mathieu Mirano , Valentino as well as David Samuel Menkes . The special received one nomination at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards . Bennett and Gaga performed a total of 13 songs from the album , including the number one singles on Billboards Jazz chart `` Anything Goes '' and `` I Ca n't Give You Anything but Love '' . Before the concert was aired , a number of promotional videos from the show were released . Additionally , PBS announced that the concert was filmed in 4K resolution . On January 20 , 2015 , the DVD and Blu-ray was released , and later for digital download on iTunes Store . It reached the top-ten of the record charts in many countries , reaching number one in the US and Belgium . Bennett and Gaga partnered with LG Electronic , who aired the concert across all retail chains in the United States , on LG 's 4K Ultra High-definition TV screens . Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga : Cheek to Cheek Live ! became the first concert to be streamed in 4K resolution . The show received positive reviews , with critics praising Gaga and Bennett 's vocals and their camaraderie on stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a82d98c652f2bac5f1ffece430e61fc7", "text": "Bill Anderson (singer) James William Anderson III ( born November 1 , 1937 ) , known as Bill Anderson , is an American country music singer , songwriter and television personality . He has been a member in long standing of the weekly Grand Ole Opry radio program and stage performance in Nashville , Tennessee . He has released more than 40 studio albums and has reached No. 1 on the country charts seven times : `` Mama Sang a Song '' ( 1962 ) , `` Still '' ( 1963 ) , `` I Get the Fever '' ( 1966 ) , `` For Loving You '' ( with Jan Howard , 1967 ) , `` My Life ( Throw It Away If I Want To ) '' ( 1969 ) , `` World of Make Believe '' ( 1974 ) , and `` Sometimes '' ( with Mary Lou Turner , 1976 ) . Twenty-nine more of his singles have reached the top ten . One of the most successful songwriters in country music history , Anderson is also a popular singer , earning the nickname `` Whisperin ' Bill '' for his soft vocal style and occasional spoken narrations . Artists who have recorded his material include Ray Price , Wanda Jackson , Connie Smith , Lynn Anderson , Jim Reeves , Conway Twitty , Eddy Arnold , Roy Clark , Con Hunley , Lefty Frizzell , Brad Paisley , Kenny Chesney , and George Strait . Bill Anderson had his own television show in the 1960s . Anderson has made several television appearances , including two stints as a game show host : The Better Sex ( with co-host Sarah Purcell ) in 1977 , and the country music-themed quiz show Fandango ( 1983 -- 1989 ) on The Nashville Network . He has also hosted an interview show called Opry Backstage and was a producer of a talent show called You Can Be a Star , hosted by fellow Opry member Jim Ed Brown , both shows on the former Nashville Network , and has made guest appearances on several other television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1140eb0fa5c4be8ef8cbeb07ea2b8d55", "text": "Shock and Awe (album) Shock and Awe is a live recording posthumously released by stand-up comedian and satirist Bill Hicks in 2003 on New York-based Invasion Records . It was recorded at the Oxford Playhouse , and is an abridged version of the album Salvation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ded86706358540e1bbed059c091d0a7e", "text": "Tony Visconti Anthony Edward `` Tony '' Visconti ( born April 24 , 1944 ) is an American record producer , musician and singer . Since the late 1960s , he has worked with an array of performers . His lengthiest involvement with any artist is with David Bowie : intermittently from Bowie 's second album in 1969 to the 2016 release Blackstar , Visconti produced and occasionally performed on many of Bowie 's albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9561d0c5a2922b78f821f5b1b56146b5", "text": "Is It Bill Bailey? Is It Bill Bailey ? was a stand up / sketch comedy series written by and starring Bill Bailey . One series of six episodes was produced and aired on BBC Two in 1998 , and it has never been recommissioned or released on DVD . It was to have been repeated for the first time since original transmission on Dave from 23 September 2008 , but was dropped from the schedules a few days before broadcast . Each episode featured Bailey performing stand-up comedy on stage , interspersed with sketches starring himself and other actors . As well as performing parodies of pop songs or performers , Bailey would deconstruct music from television shows such as Doctor Who or Starsky and Hutch . The programme was produced by BBC Scotland and many of the sketches feature Scottish actors such as Forbes Masson and Ford Kiernan . Geraldine McNulty , Norman Lovett and Simon Pegg also feature . Additional material was also contributed by frequent collaborators Sean Lock and Martin Trenaman . The shows were directed by Edgar Wright , who went on to direct the sitcom Spaced and the films Shaun of the Dead and Hot Fuzz , all of which starred Simon Pegg . Bailey had a cameo in Hot Fuzz , as well as a small role in Spaced . Bailey was also approached to appear in Shaun of the Dead as a zombie , but was busy with other engagements at the time . Many songs and routines featured in the show were first performed in his Cosmic Jam tour and TV show Asylum and several were later used during his Bewilderness tour . The title is derived from the Rizla game ( `` Guess Who 's You '' ) , the opening credits of the show showing Bill with a Rizla on his forehead , bearing his own name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b762fc3dfca3ee822189efefa23cd4ec", "text": "Hawk Koch Howard Winchel `` Hawk '' Koch , Jr. ( born December 14 , 1945 ) is an American film producer and a former road manager for the musical groups The Supremes and The Dave Clark Five .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3797d67fd541c5a6685abd2b6e105861", "text": "Higher Than Hope (album) Higher Than Hope is a compilation album by Australian singer-songwriter , Daryl Braithwaite released in United States of America and Europe in 1991 . The album includes the track `` Higher Than Hope '' , which reached number 47 on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6270b69bac559ce7f9bc84ac35c1bc1c", "text": "Tonya Cornelisse Tonya Cornelisse is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b9faf3d4dcc3fb443039ace1791be38", "text": "Bill Kreutzmann William `` Bill '' Kreutzmann , Jr. ( -LSB- ˈkrɔɪtsmɑːn -RSB- ; born May 7 , 1946 ) is an American drummer . He played with the Grateful Dead for its entire thirty-year career , usually alongside fellow drummer Mickey Hart , and has continued to perform with former members of the Grateful Dead in various lineups , and with his own bands BK3 , 7 Walkers and Billy & the Kids .", "title": "" } ]	fever
db3a766cbba222dfd7d3bb2fa37b81ce	Steve Buscemi appeared in a 1996 American black comedy.	[ { "docid": "853c8d54c1e71e379e931d586afe31dc", "text": "Steve Buscemi Steven Vincent Buscemi ( -LSB- buːˈsɛmi -RSB- born December 13 , 1957 ) is an American actor and film director . Buscemi has starred and supported in successful Hollywood and indie films , including Parting Glances , New York Stories , Mystery Train , Reservoir Dogs , Desperado , Con Air , Armageddon , The Grey Zone , Ghost World , Big Fish , and The Sopranos . He is also known for his appearances in many films by the Coen brothers : Miller 's Crossing , Barton Fink , The Hudsucker Proxy , Fargo , and The Big Lebowski . Buscemi provides the voice of Randall Boggs in the Monsters , Inc. franchise . From 2010 to 2014 , he portrayed Enoch `` Nucky '' Thompson in the critically acclaimed series Boardwalk Empire , which earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards , a Golden Globe , and two nominations for an Emmy Award . He made his directorial debut in 1996 , with Trees Lounge , in which he also starred . Other works include Animal Factory ( 2000 ) , Lonesome Jim ( 2005 ) and Interview ( 2007 ) . He has also directed numerous episodes of TV shows , including Homicide : Life on the Street , The Sopranos , Oz , 30 Rock , and Nurse Jackie . He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning AOL On comedy talk-show Park Bench .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9ccf3b3a25fce515c0a687cddec65e9", "text": "Trees Lounge Trees Lounge is a 1996 feature film and the debut of Steve Buscemi as writer and director . It was produced by Brad Wyman and Chris Hanley and features a large ensemble cast of actors , including Buscemi , Anthony LaPaglia , Chloë Sevigny , and Samuel L. Jackson . The film 's black humor , based on examination of characters ' self-destructive behavior , has been cited as an influence by The Sopranos creator David Chase , who later hired Buscemi to direct `` Pine Barrens '' and three other episodes of the show , and to star as Tony Soprano 's cousin Tony Blundetto during the show 's fifth season . It was filmed in Glendale , Queens ; Brooklyn ; and Valley Stream , New York .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f73947644104819d2a325afc9cc3d950", "text": "Kiss Daddy Goodnight Kiss Daddy Goodnight is a 1987 American neo-noir psychological thriller film directed by Peter Ily Huemer . It stars Uma Thurman in her film debut , and Steve Buscemi in a small role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdb8315d3332ab6c0b96aee2149fb3f1", "text": "Layin' Low Layin ' Low is a 1996 film directed by Danny Leiner and stars Jeremy Piven , Louise Lasser and Edie Falco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9a45ef93c40ea3e43343e7b9dcd1a51", "text": "True Identity True Identity is a 1991 American comedy film directed by Charles Lane and starring Lenny Henry , Frank Langella and Anne-Marie Johnson . The plot revolves around a black man ( British actor Henry ) , who disguises himself as a white man to escape the mob .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa30740cfcd6348cffa3da8d557b6682", "text": "Getting In Getting In , also known as Student Body , is a 1994 American comedy film directed by Doug Liman starring Andrew McCarthy and Stephen Mailer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59bb602a90204b0cd18e610499fc92f7", "text": "Summer of Fear (1996 film) Summer of Fear is a 1996 American made-for-television psychological thriller film starring Gregory Harrison , Glynnis O'Connor , Lee Garlington and Corin Nemec which premiered on CBS on April 3 , 1996 . It was written by John Gay and based on the novel Simon Says by Gloria Murphy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa5fea0b30f18cea9526e47deb7cc121", "text": "Soul Man (film) Soul Man is a 1986 American comedy film about a white man who temporarily darkens his skin , in order to pretend to be black and qualify for a black-only scholarship at Harvard Law School . The movie was directed by Steve Miner and stars C. Thomas Howell , Rae Dawn Chong , Arye Gross , James Earl Jones , Leslie Nielsen , James B. Sikking , and Julia Louis-Dreyfus . The title refers to the Sam and Dave song `` Soul Man '' . The original soundtrack includes a version performed by Sam Moore and Lou Reed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "132bb9ce9a2a372f9b47a86cb77fbf58", "text": "Getting Away with Murder (film) Getting Away with Murder is a 1996 American comedy film written and directed by Harvey Miller . The film stars Dan Aykroyd , Jack Lemmon , Lily Tomlin and Bonnie Hunt . This was the final project for veteran writer and director Harvey Miller . It received poor reviews and was panned by critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5b8aa38007728c3f59dc75616dbf63c", "text": "List of Canadian films of 1996 This is a list of Canadian films which were released in 1996 :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca94caafc718c2c53580877ff30ec47c", "text": "Spy Hard Spy Hard is a 1996 American spy comedy film parody starring Leslie Nielsen and Nicollette Sheridan , parodying James Bond films and other action films . The introduction to the movie is sung by comedy artist `` Weird Al '' Yankovic . It is the first film to be written by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer . The film 's title is a pun of Die Hard . The film is directed by Rick Friedberg and produced by Doug Draizin and Jeffery Knovitz . The film was released by Buena Vista Pictures on May 24 , 1996 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics . While many praised Nielsen 's acting and its humor , most found the script , story and its direction lame . The film eventually grossed $ 26 million against a production budget of $ 18 million , making it a relative success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b18cd7242cb9073b0fc28ab5be014731", "text": "Striptease (film) Striptease is a 1996 American erotic comedy film directed , produced , and written by Andrew Bergman , and stars Demi Moore , Burt Reynolds and Ving Rhames . The film is based on Carl Hiaasen 's novel of the same name , and is about a stripper who becomes involved in both a child-custody dispute and corrupt politics . Striptease was generally reviled by critics . It wound up winning several Golden Raspberry Awards , which are given to the worst in cinema . Among these awards given to Striptease was the Award for Worst Picture of 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2e26720f7e5e55e3f799f3741a55e97", "text": "Public Enemies (1996 film) Public Enemies is a 1996 film directed by Mark L. Lester . The movie , which centers on the 1930s figure Ma Barker and her criminal sons , was filmed in Guthrie , Oklahoma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51b86c558ef0b81e01365d877543f6a1", "text": "Williamsburg (film) Williamsburg is a 2006 American independent film written , directed , and edited by Brad Saville , as a black and white feature length narrative comedy/drama that provides a satirical look at the lives of seven failing artists in Williamsburg , Brooklyn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "959f889619516152a7fb37f462aa4c84", "text": "Taxi (1996 film) Taxi is a 1996 Spanish film directed by Carlos Saura , starring Ingrid Rubio and focusing on the emergence of far-right and racist groups in Spain during the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2889fc36d85bf2f63f09fa67cfab1a3", "text": "Bits and Pieces (1996 film) Bits and Pieces , originally Il cielo è sempre più blu , is a 1996 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Antonello Grimaldi . The title of the film is a reference to a song by Rino Gaetano . The film depicts several short stories set in a single day in Rome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62af8f799649205188d2a460ede223d7", "text": "Rough Magic Rough Magic is a 1995 comedy film directed by Clare Peploe , starring Bridget Fonda and Russell Crowe . It was based on a novel by James Hadley Chase called Miss Shumway Waves a Wand , with the screenplay written by Robert Mundi , William Brookfield , and Clare Peploe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "024fcb2776c4c845378bed7abb56db25", "text": "True Crime (1996 film) True Crime is a 1996 film that was directed and written by Pat Verducci . It starred Alicia Silverstone and Kevin Dillon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dddf693cdbfa40dcf1e5bc433781293", "text": "Akintunde Warnock Akintunde Warnock ( born October 23 , 1971 ) , better known as Akintunde or Ak , is a comedian , writer , director and actor from the United States . Warnock first realised that he wanted to be a comedian whilst he was a pupil at Raymont Junior Academy in Savannah , Georgia . He was a fat child who was bullied and he enjoyed the laughter of his classmates when he mocked his tormentors . After working as a barber he began a full-time career as a stand-up comedian in 1995 . He travelled the United States performing all over the country , on BET 's Comicview , and in the Turner South series That Comedy Show . He wrote material for the television show It 's Showtime at the Apollo , and comedians Monique and Chris Tucker , He became a Christian in 1999 and adapted Atlanta Bishop Eddie Long 's book I Do n't Want Delilah , I Need You into a movie screenplay . He made a documentary on black comedians called No Joke , which he co-produced with comedian J. Anthony Brown from the Tom Joyner Morning Show . The documentary features life on the road with black comedians such as Steve Harvey , Renaldo Ray and Paul Mooney . Warnock and his wife , Eunissa , have five children : Akintunde II ( born 1994 ) ; Jaleel ( 1996 ) ; Deja ( 1997 ) ; Khalia ( August 2000 ) ; Elijah Prince ( November 2002 ) . They live in Irmo , South Carolina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bce9758365857686dda21cbef7daf1eb", "text": "Spree (film) Spree is a 1996 film written and directed by Rustin Thompson . It tells the story of a young woman who falls in love with a drug dealer and the perils that come with it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bde99443b3b7fe5578d951af2aa129", "text": "Street Trash Street Trash is a 1987 American body horror-black comedy film directed by J. Michael Muro ( credited as Jim Muro ) . It won the Silver Raven at the Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film . The film has acquired a status as a cult classic independent horror-comedy and is one of a number of films known as `` melt movies '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f435c92b6f84e8e2262575f3a35d71af	Cara Delevingne is a English person that models in the fashion industry.	[ { "docid": "7fd6eada1d0a09b9efef5ba37344e714", "text": "Cara Delevingne Cara Jocelyn Delevingne ( -LSB- ˈkɑːrə_ˌdɛləˈviːn -RSB- ; born 12 August 1992 ) is an English fashion model and actress . She signed with Storm Model Management after leaving school in 2009 . Delevingne won the `` Model of the Year '' award at the British Fashion Awards in 2012 and 2014 and has appeared in shows for houses including Burberry , Mulberry , Dolce & Gabbana , and Jason Wu . She started her acting career with a minor role in the 2012 film adaptation of Anna Karenina . Her first major roles were as Margo Roth Spiegelman in the romantic mystery film Paper Towns ( 2015 ) , Kath Talent in London Fields , and the Enchantress in the comic book film Suicide Squad ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "93d03a955901afb6ddc995b5befb741d", "text": "Toby Sandeman Toby Sandeman ( born 2 March 1988 ) is an English fashion model and sprint athlete , specialising in the 200 metres . He won the 200 m at the UK Athletics national championships in 2009 , and followed this with two gold medals at the European Athletics U23 Championships . He has modelled for Calvin Klein , Ralph Lauren , and worked with Naomi Campbell for Vogue magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6332c7aaa445364dd72f9cca9ae1d64", "text": "Dress A dress ( also known as a frock or a gown ) is a garment consisting of a skirt with an attached bodice ( or a matching bodice giving the effect of a one-piece garment ) . It consists of a top piece that covers the torso and hangs down over the legs . A dress can be any one-piece garment containing a skirt of any length . Dresses can be formal or informal . In many cultures , dresses are more often worn by women and girls . The hemlines of dresses vary depending on the whims of fashion and the modesty or personal taste of the wearer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33857518be5cb126c993ccdf2664e1bd", "text": "Make Me a Supermodel (U.S. TV series) Make Me a Supermodel is an American reality television modeling competition series based on the British reality series of the same name . Following an audition preview on January 2 , 2008 , the series premiered January 10 , 2008 on the cable television network Bravo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "455e715c4f05d3549020a743ce519d72", "text": "Kiss (Irish magazine) Kiss ( stylised as KISS ) was an Irish magazine aimed at a teenage market containing knowledge about adolescent matters such as fashion advice , confessions , features on teenage cultural icons , relationship advice and problem pages with solutions especially designed for teenage readers . It is part of the VIP publishing franchise of Michael O'Doherty . Kiss was launched on 31 October 2002 as the first of O'Doherty 's solo business ventures . He had previously engaged in a number of co-ordinated business ventures in Ireland with his former business partner John Ryan ; Kiss succeeded the co-owned establishments of Magill in 1997 and VIP in 1999 and preceded later titles such as the glossy monthly targeted at women in the age group of eighteen to thirty-four Stellar and the failed New York Dog venture in New York City . Kiss is published at 2-4 Ely Place in Dublin 2 . Kiss '' 's rivals are the United Kingdom 's Bliss and Sugar . Upon its launch Kiss was lauded in the Irish media for its attempts to contribute to a more liberal and sexualised Ireland , one where the influence of the Roman Catholic Church had declined dramatically in the preceding decade . Only three decades previously , such teenage-oriented magazines were much more reserved in their content and approach and even the titles , i.e. Jackie and Blue Jeans , were not as outspoken as the word `` kiss '' in capitalised letters . Kiss was launched by O'Doherty 's publishing company as a response to the increasing popularity of similar , albeit British-based , publications such as Bliss and Sugar . It launched on 31 October 2002 , at the original ( much-deflated by current standards ) price of $ 2.50 and aimed at female readers between the ages of fourteen and seventeen . The first issue featured heavily its mantra of dealing with teenage problems , including articles on school bullying and the difficulties of blushing , written in a `` chatty and informative '' manner so as not to `` patronise '' the target audience . However O'Doherty is adamant that his magazine will not encourage young children to `` sleep with their boyfriends by providing How-To-Pleasure-Your-Fella features '' . To supplement its tone Kiss employs experts on what teenagers consider fashionable , with its so-called `` agony aunt '' being Sarah Scully , a child psychologist in Saint James 's Hospital , Dublin . Upon its launch the magazine was edited by Susan Vasquez , now editor of O'Doherty 's Stellar '' . The magazine is currently edited by Nathalie Màrquez Courtney . Kiss published its last issue in September 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bea65e302503c0f72babe1ff7dced7a", "text": "Ai Tominaga is a Japanese fashion model and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75a40916884052873f202effaa7f7d27", "text": "Budapest Fashion Week Budapest Fashion Week is a fashion week trade show held annually in April and October in Budapest , Hungary , usually after the five major fashion weeks . It is still aspiring to the level of big five fashion weeks ( New York City , London , Paris , Milan and Berlin ) . Based on the concept of the international fashion week series , TONI&GUY Fashion Week Budapest is an event , where the leading Hungarian fashion designers and international designers gain platform to introduce their seasonal collections twice a year for the Hungarian and international fashion industry and the public as well . The event is usually held in the Palazzo Dorottya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94af5b1e85a566dfe4aa6f5c5907fe4b", "text": "Keeley Hazell Keeley Hazell ( born 18 September 1986 ) is an English glamour model , actress , . Hazell became one of Britain 's most successful glamour models , working with brands such as Page 3 , FHM , Loaded , Nuts and Zoo Weekly . She has also made numerous television appearances and has , more recently , focused on her acting career , appearing in films such as Horrible Bosses 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b504239bb7b3f83b9c0744ee000bbb", "text": "Seventeen (Japanese magazine) is a monthly Japanese fashion magazine for female teenagers published by Shueisha . Launched in 1967 as a weekly magazine based on the original American Seventeen , the magazine changed the name to SEVENTEEN in 1987 , and to Seventeen in 2008 . Since the late 1990s , Seventeen has been the highest-selling teenage fashion magazine in Japan , and has featured its exclusive teenage models as ST-Mo ( STモ - Seventeen Model ) . Seventeen is very sought after among models ( teenage models ) because being featured on the magazine especially on its cover and certain pages , strongly helps them to get high-quality endorsements and prestigious contracts . Well-known former Seventeen models include Keiko Kitagawa , Nana Eikura , Rie Miyazawa , Anna Tsuchiya , Hinano Yoshikawa , and Emi Suzuki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f1a2677047de85654f4766427e20a30", "text": "Kelly Bell Kelly Bell ( born 21 February 1982 in Aldershot ) is an English former glamour model . She has been described as the United Kingdom 's `` number-one glamour model . '' Bell has appeared in many young teen girl magazines , as a young teen model and has had many TV appearances over the last 15 years . She entered a competition to find Britain 's next top model in the Daily Sport at just 16 , placing first out of thousands of entrants . Bell was voted the UK 's sexiest babe for 2007 by the readers of the Daily & Sunday Sport . She recorded a single titled Down 'n Dirty in 2003 and performed a concert in Colchester in aid of the Army Benevolent Fund . She is a campaigner for the British Armed Forces and raises awareness for the military whenever she can . Bell is a vegan who avoids the consumption or use of animal products . She is a supporter of the British vegetarian , vegan and animal rights group Viva ! .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45862ce58497dab0f65103555c1e8478", "text": "Ugly Models Ugly Models is a London-based alternative modelling agency that specialises in character modelling . Its owner Marc French says it is about `` celebrating everyone 's unique beauty '' . Its major clients include Calvin Klein , Levi 's , Diesel , Vogue , Elle , and Cosmopolitan . Its models have appeared in film series such as Harry Potter , Pirates of the Caribbean and James Bond . Ugly Models are in official partnership with Guinness World Records and represents the world 's tallest man , the world 's most pierced woman and the world 's most tattooed man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fb99f03e6708d8864240db658d72860", "text": "So You Think You Can Dance (UK TV series) So You Think You Can Dance was a televised dance competition and reality show that launched in the United Kingdom in January 2010 with a format based on an American show by the same name . The show was broadcast on BBC One . The presentation of the show is similar to that of the Pop Idol series of singing competitions . The show focuses not only on the dancers ' talent , but also showcases new works by notable choreographers , crafted specifically for the dancers and the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d9b2cec0ccda7c71303e5755c3f7842", "text": "Men's Fashion Week Men 's Fashion Week is an event usually held twice a year in major cities around the globe , typically in January ( Autumn/Winter ) and June ( Spring/Summer ) . The fashion industry event is held for fashion professionals and fashion occult . It is an event for designers and brands to showcase upcoming collections to press , media , stylists , buyers , fashion trailblazers and , in some cases , the public . In January 2012 London announced that it would dedicate an entire weekend to menswear fashion designers . Singapore dedicated a few days to men 's shows . Los Angeles followed suit launching Men 's Fashion Week LA in 2012 . Additionally , Vancouver does Men 's Fashion Week . Among other cities , New York has supported the developments in the menswear segment , but has yet to announce a Fashion Week dedicated entirely to menswear fashion designers . Paris promotes its men 's runway shows as a part of its regular Fashion Week schedule . In 2012 , 2013 2014 and 2015 Men 's Fashion Week presented shows in Puerto Rico . The events are produced by World Events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc20dfb5b6d0e1fed718afe783cd0647", "text": "Form-fitting garment A form-fitting garment is an article of clothing that tightly follows the contours of the part of the body being covered . Most form-fitting clothing is worn by females . A feature of Western societies is the popularity of form-fitting clothing worn by women , compared to equivalent male garments . These include t-shirts , shorts , and jeans . Some cultures and religious communities disapprove of form-fitting clothing , especially outerwear , which they consider to be immodest . There are numerous types of clothing which typically are or which can be made form-fitting . For example , stockings , leggings , tights , and socks are usually form-fitting . Clothing used in dance and in exercise , such as leotards , unitard , and swimsuits , are usually form-fitting . Undergarments or foundation garments such as corsets , girdles , bodysuits , brassieres , and underpants are form-fitting to give a smooth line to the outer clothing . Skin-tight garments are usually also form-fitting , but are held to the skin by elastic tension . In contrast , non-form-fitting garments are commonly referred to as `` loose '' . Though many materials can be used to make form-fitting garments , the thinner materials , such as synthetic fibers , are the most commonly used , because of the smooth line that can be produced as well as their extra strength when pulled tight . Some fabrics cling to the skin or do so when wet , giving a form-fitting effect .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3579a993f5316812f28d5c72c25575e6", "text": "Hum Award for Best Model Male The Hum Award for Best Model Male is one of the Hum Awards presented annually by the Hum Television Network and Entertainment Channel ( HTNEC ) to Male model who has achieved outstanding recognition within the fashion industry . Since its inception , however , the award has commonly been referred to as the hum for Best Model Male . Nominations are made by Hum members who are models and fashion models , and winners are decided by audience votes , as of first ceremony this was one of seven categories which were set open for public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "524e203996988d05113642dcfa8eb998", "text": "How Do I Look? How Do I Look ? was a makeover show airing on the Style Network . The show was originally hosted by English soap opera veteran Finola Hughes ; the latest season was hosted by celebrity stylist Jeannie Mai . The show features `` fashion victims , '' purportedly turned in by their friends , coworkers , and family members . Although there are variations in each episode tailored to the individual contestant , every episode follows the same basic pattern .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daf650bb10bc25cacc212da733aab191", "text": "Nick Ede Nick Ede ( born 1973 ) is an award winning Scottish public relations and brand consultant and television presenter . He runs the London-based PR agency www.eastofeden.london and he lives in Hackney . He is a well respected Philanthropist and charity activist . Ede was born in Edinburgh , where he attended Edinburgh Academy . He studied at Glasgow School of Art and Bretton Hall College in Leeds . He moved to Stoke Newington in 1996 to try to become an actor , but his mother died from a stroke in 1997 when he was 22 and he moved back to Edinburgh . He did work for the Stroke Foundation and joined Apollo Leisure in marketing , before moving back to Hackney in 1998 to become head of entertainment at Lastminute.com . In 2000 he became a marketing manager at Mondi Associates , then in 2001 he became head of packages at ATC Management . In 2003 , he did six months work experience at Shine Television , including co-presenting The Russell Grant Show on Sky One . Shortly afterwards , actress Jennifer Ellison asked him to host a party to highlight her appearance on Hell 's Kitchen , which was his introduction to PR work . He launched Eden Lifestyle in 2004 , then worked with Nick Fulford , merging their businesses in 2006 . He was named Scottish Communicator of the Year at the 2009 Scottish Fashion Awards . He has appeared on Project Catwalk since 2008 ( gaining the nickname `` the Simon Cowell of fashion '' ) , Diet on the Dancefloor and Lorraine Kelly 's morning show LK Today . He holds an annual celebrity fundraising night for the Stroke Association called `` A Night with Nick '' , and is a patron for Jeans for Genes ; his father , Donald Ede , was a developmental geneticist . Nick created the campaign styleforstroke which has fans including Mel B , Kelly Osbourne , Lilah Parsons , Sarah Hardin , Ashley James , Vogue Williams and many more . He has been instrumental is creating the Global Gift Gala platform with the philanthropist Eva Longoria and Maria Bravo . He is openly gay . Nick is a columnist for Www.caledonista.com", "title": "" }, { "docid": "426b54301695b7d6595bc43c5f411df9", "text": "Antony Price Antony Price is a London fashion designer best known for evening wear and suits , and for being as much an `` image-maker '' as a designer . He has collaborated with a number of high-profile musicians , including David Bowie , Steve Strange , and Duran Duran , but especially Bryan Ferry and Roxy Music , whose look was defined by Price 's designs . The manner in which Price dressed -- or in many cases , undressed -- the `` Roxy girls '' on the covers of their albums helped to define the band 's pop retro-futurism . More recently , Price has been noted for dressing celebrities such as Tara Palmer-Tomkinson , Patsy Kensit , Anjelica Huston , Jerry Hall , Camilla Parker Bowles . Diana Ross , Melanie Griffith , Yasmin Le Bon and burlesque performer Dita Von Teese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30df1803c1c23b107dad62a152cb50f1", "text": "Daniela Urzi Daniela Urzi ( -LSB- daˈnjela ˈursi -RSB- ; born October 28 , 1975 , San Fernando , Buenos Aires ) is a fashion model from Argentina . She has appeared in fashion campaigns for Armani Jeans , the Giorgio Armani collection , Roberto Cavalli , Burberry , and John Richmond , and has done catalog work for Victoria 's Secret . Her magazine covers include international editions of Vogue and ELLE . Directly from Latin America , a new young man has managed to carve out a prestigious niche in the world of fashion . Daniela Urzi is not only just a girl of study or a body 86-59-86 ( chest , waist , hip ) walking on the catwalk , is a name that is printed on paper and has managed to achieve that throne , within Argentine models only he had Valeria Mazza . But unlike the latter , Daniela flees the look of blond with blue eyes and points to the rage of the moment wearing a brown hair that enhances his blue eyes . This gives it a personal touch that has been captured on the covers of various publications such as Marie Claire ( France ) , Elle ( Spain and Argentina ) , Cosmopolitan ( Argentina ) and Harper 's Bazaar . It has also been the face of brands like Victoria ' s Secret Cortefiel , Silhouette , Mango , Giorgio Armani , Candy , Margaret Astor , La Perla , Burberry , Chanel N ° 5 , Revlon and Triumph . -", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a14f99c0471bbc96e617684c28157b0", "text": "Mel B Melanie Janine Brown ( born 29 May 1975 ) , better known as Mel B or Melanie B , is an English singer , songwriter , presenter , television personality , dancer , actress , author , and model . Brown rose to fame as a member of the girl group the Spice Girls , in which she became known as Scary Spice . Brown is also known for supporting girl power and earlier global tours , which grossed an estimated $ 500 -- 800 million between 1996 and 2000 . Brown began her solo career when she released `` I Want You Back '' with Missy Elliott on Virgin Records . The single charted at number one on the UK Singles Chart , followed by the release of her debut album , Hot ( 2000 ) . The album also saw the release of two top 10 singles `` Tell Me '' and `` Feels So Good '' . L.A. State of Mind was Brown 's second studio album , released in 2005 on the independent label Amber Café , which saw the release of one single , `` Today '' in June that year . In mid-2012 , Brown announced a return to her solo recording career with the release of her third studio album by signing with EMI Music Australia . The scope of the deal with EMI office includes concessions for global partnering with EMI . The first single from the album , `` For Once in My Life '' was released in September 2013 , becoming Brown 's first record to be released after eight years . Since 2000 , Brown has concentrated on a variety of non-singing projects . She became the presenter of shows such as This Is My Moment , Top of the Pops , Party in the Park and The All Star Animal Awards . In September 2007 , she became a contestant on the fifth season of the American dance competition , Dancing with the Stars ; in which she placed runner-up overall partnered with Maksim Chmerkovskiy . Brown returned to television work becoming a judge for the Australian version of The X Factor from 2011 to 2012 , replacing Kyle Sandilands and having previously been a celebrity mentor on the show in 2010 . In June 2012 , she was a guest judge during the Manchester auditions for the ninth series of The X Factor UK , as one of the temporary replacements for Kelly Rowland ; before the role eventually went to Nicole Scherzinger . She later joined The X Factor UK for its eleventh series in 2014 . During this time she became the female co-host for Dancing with the Stars Australia , in which she hosted the twelfth season alongside Daniel MacPherson . However , Brown resigned from the show and did not return for the thirteenth season in 2013 . In February that year , she officially signed on to become one of the four judges for the variety talent show America 's Got Talent , replacing Sharon Osbourne from the eighth season onwards . On 1 February 2014 , she was revealed to be a coach on The Voice Kids in Australia , which aired in mid-2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895edc76db691eca935e0597be68d93d", "text": "Expecting Models Expecting Models is the first agency of its kind that specializes in providing professional pregnant models and actresses for the fashion and commercial world . Founded in New York City in 2001 by Elliott-Ramirez , a former fashion model herself , Expecting Models represents real moms , their babies and real families . The agency gives models and actresses the opportunity to keep working , but in a different segment of the industry -- enabling talent to work from pregnancy thru post-delivery . Expecting Models , Inc. is a licensed , bonded and SAG franchised agency and has quarters in New York City and Los Angeles . Their fashion clients include Motherswork , Gap , Target , Cadeau , Liz Lange , Nordstrom and Destination Maternity . Additionally , Expecting Models provides with models for print magazines like Fit Pregnancy , Pregnancy & New Born and 9 Plus Bebe Mama Magazine . Expecting Models is also featured in the show `` Runway Moms '' , broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel . In the show , Liza Elliott-Ramirez becomes a maternity expert for her models .", "title": "" } ]	fever

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