Split (1)

train · 59.5k rows

query_id stringlengths 32 32	query stringlengths 6 3.9k	positive_passages listlengths 1 21	negative_passages listlengths 10 100	subset stringclasses 7 values
5aa77826e35674711ffb0cb88d26effc	Jackfruit is native to parts of Southeast Asia.	[ { "docid": "0909067abbf5dc0354d07b1ce941dae9", "text": "Jackfruit The jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) , also known as jack tree , jakfruit , or sometimes simply jack or jak , is a species of tree in the fig , mulberry , and breadfruit family ( Moraceae ) . It is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia and is believed to have originated in the southwestern rain forests of the Western Ghats in the Indian subcontinent . The jackfruit tree is well suited to tropical lowlands , and its fruit is the largest tree-borne fruit , reaching as much as 35 kg in weight , 90 cm in length , and 50 cm in diameter . The jackfruit tree can produce about 100 to 200 fruits in a year . The jackfruit is a multiple fruit , composed of hundreds to thousands of individual flowers , and it is the fleshy petals that are eaten . The jackfruit tree is a widely cultivated and popular food item throughout the tropical regions of the world . Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "eed0a652c4ab7217582d42282cd450e2", "text": "Biodiversity of Borneo The Borneo is located in Sunda Shelf which is an extensive region in Southeast Asia of immense importance in terms of biodiversity , biogeography and phylogeography of fauna and flora that had attracted AR Wallace and biologists all over the world . The previous climatic oscillation and sea level changes leading to contraction and expansion of the tropical rain contributed to the extinction and genetic divergence of species in the region . Harrison ( 1958 ) was the first to discover of intermittent human habitation about 49,000 years ago in the Niah Cave National Park . Baker et al. ( 2007 ) unraveled the complexities of the late Pleistocene to Holocene habitation of the Niah Cave . Flenley ( 1998 ) and Bird et al. ( 2005 ) suggested of a continuous savanna habitat with from the Asian mainland into Borneo and interrupted by a network of ancient Sunda River system . Dodson et al. ( 1995 ) postulated that the biogeographical history of Southeast Asia contributed to extensive admixture during Pleistocene low sea levels of genetic groups of an obligate freshwater fish ( the river catfish , Hemibagrus nemurus ) isolated during periods of high sea levels . During Pleistocene glacial maxima , the sea level was lower than at present and the islands of the Sunda shelf ( Sumatra , Borneo and Java ) and the Asian mainland were connected by lowlands traversed by rivers . Thus , the fish from Baram , Endau and Mekong rivers were genetically related . Piper et al. ( 2008 ) identified 27 mammal , 11 bird and eight reptile taxa recovered from the Terminal Pleistocene deposits at Niah Cave . Some of these animals are extinct and extent in distribution in Borneo . Other biologists suggested Pleistocene refugia found in Borneo to explain for the gene flow and genetic divergent of certain species .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60906447bef302ef78fa749b997dbf41", "text": "List of butterflies of Indochina The following is a list of all butterflies found in the Indochinese biogeographic region ( Thailand , Laos and Vietnam , Cambodia , Myanmar ( formerly Burma ; part of British India until 1937 ) , Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore in the Indomalaya ecozone ) . The climate of Indochina is subtropical in the north , tropical further south . Indochinese terrestrial ecoregions include the Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests , Northern Triangle temperate forests , Burmese Coast mangroves , Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests , Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests , Northern Indochina subtropical moist forests , Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests , Irrawaddy dry forests , Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests , Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests , Cardamom Mountains rain forests , Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests , Kayah-Karen montane rain forests , Northern Indochina subtropical forests , Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests , Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests , Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests , Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests , and Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests . The butterfly fauna of Indochina includes Indo-Burmese genera with a species-richness ( a count of species within the genus ) generally distributed from Assam to Sundaland ( Sunda Islands ) , genera with a strong centre of species-richness in western China and the eastern Himalaya , genera with their greatest species-richness in Sundaland west of the Wallace Line and species endemic to Indochina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a89b20d391db4c718c86ccfd5ff2d268", "text": "Areca nut The areca nut ( -LSB- ˈærᵻkə -RSB- or -LSB- əˈriːkə -RSB- ) is the seed of the areca palm ( Areca catechu ) , which grows in much of the tropical Pacific ( Melanesia and Micronesia ) , Southeast and South Asia , and parts of east Africa . This seed is commonly referred to as betel nut so it is easily confused with betel ( Piper betle ) leaves that are often used to wrap it ( paan ) . The term areca originated from a South Asian word , Kannada : Adike during the 16th century , when Dutch and Portuguese sailors took the nut from Kerala to Europe . Consumption has many harmful effects on health and is carcinogenic to humans . Various compounds present in the nut , most importantly arecoline ( the primary psychoactive ingredient which is similar to nicotine ) , contribute to histologic changes in the oral mucosa . As with chewing tobacco , its use is discouraged by preventive efforts . Arecanut grown more in Chickamagalur , Davangere , Shivamogga and other regions of Karnataka .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc82aebf0be8086a879c8cf6ed13ca6d", "text": "South Asia South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent , which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian Plate , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land ( clockwise , from west ) by West Asia , Central Asia , East Asia , and Southeast Asia . The current territories of Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Maldives , Nepal , India , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka form the countries of South Asia . The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia . South Asia covers about 5.1 million km2 ( 1.9 million mi2 ) , which is 11.51 % of the Asian continent or 3.4 % of the world 's land surface area . The population of South Asia is about 1.749 billion or about one fourth of the world 's population , making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world . Overall , it accounts for about 39.49 % of Asia 's population ( or over 24 % of the world 's population ) and is home to a vast array of peoples . In 2010 , South Asia had the world 's largest population of Hindus , Jains and Sikhs . There are 507 million Muslims as well as over 35 million Christians and 25 million Buddhists in South Asia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6784ec82391e9efcc8c5fe95c9f2e97a", "text": "Illegal logging in Madagascar Illegal logging has been a problem in Madagascar for decades and is perpetuated by extreme poverty and government corruption . Often taking the form of selective logging , the trade has been driven by high international demand for expensive , fine-grained lumber such as rosewood and ebony . Historically , logging and exporting in Madagascar have been regulated by the Malagasy government , although the logging of rare hardwoods was explicitly banned from protected areas in 2000 . Since then , government orders and memos have intermittently alternated between permitting and banning exports of precious woods . The most commonly cited reason for permitting exports is to salvage valuable wood from cyclone damage , although this reasoning has come under heavy scrutiny . This oscillating availability of Malagasy rosewood and other precious woods has created a market of rising and falling prices , allowing traders or `` timber barons '' to stockpile illegally sourced logs during periodic bans and then flood the market when the trade windows open and prices are high . The unsustainable exploitation of these tropical hardwoods , particularly rosewood from the SAVA Region , has escalated significantly since the start of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis . Thousands of poorly paid Malagasy loggers have flooded into the national parks -- especially in the northeast -- building roads , setting up logging camps , and cutting down even the most difficult to reach rosewood trees . Illegal activities are openly flaunted , armed militia have descended upon local villages , and a rosewood mafia easily bribe government officials , buying export permits with ease . These illegal operations are funded in part by advance payments for future shipments ( financed by Chinese expatriates and Chinese importers ) and by loans from large , international banks . Demand is fueled mostly by a growing Chinese middle class and their desire for exotic imperial-style furniture . European and American demand for high-end musical instruments and furniture have also played a role . However , public scrutiny has put significant pressure on shipping companies involved in the trade , and the United States is starting to enforce the Lacey Act by investigating companies with suspected involvement in the illegal trade of Malagasy precious woods . Logging in Madagascar 's tropical rainforests has had many secondary effects , beyond the risk of depletion of rare , endemic trees . Habitat has been disturbed , illegal mining has begun , local people have turned in desperation to the forests for resources , and poaching of endangered wildlife has escalated . Lemurs , the most well-known faunal group from the island , have been captured for the exotic pet trade as well as killed for food . Even the most critically endangered species have been targeted , primarily to feed a growing demand for delicacy food in up-scale restaurants . The local villagers have also suffered as tourism has declined sharply or ceased almost entirely . Some have resorted to working as loggers for minimal pay , while others have spoken out against it , often receiving death threats from the rosewood mafia in return .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e564433e218b506d86b90d8fe6a12194", "text": "Toona sinensis Toona sinensis , with common names Chinese mahogany , Chinese toon , or red toon ( ; daaraluu suren tông dù ) is a species of Toona '' native to eastern and southeastern Asia , from North Korea south through most of eastern , central and southwestern China to Nepal , northeastern India , Myanmar , Thailand , Malaysia , and western Indonesia . It is a deciduous tree growing to 25 m tall with a trunk up to 70 cm diameter . The bark is brown , smooth on young trees , becoming scaly to shaggy on old trees . The leaves are pinnate , 50 -- 70 cm long and 30 -- 40 cm broad , with 10 -- 40 leaflets , the terminal leaflet usually absent ( paripinnate ) but sometimes present ( imparipennate ) ; the individual leaflets 9 -- 15 cm long and 2.5 -- 4 cm broad , with an entire or weakly serrated margin . The flowers are produced in summer in panicles 30 -- 50 cm long at the end of a branch ; each flower is small , 4 -- 5 mm diameter , with five white or pale pink petals . The fruit is a capsule 2 -- 3.5 cm long , containing several winged seeds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b34389b9392c7e848c83841664b72fe", "text": "Vietnamese tea Traditionally , Vietnamese tea drinking is considered a hobby of the older , more learned members in households and in society in general . Tea drinking would accompany aristocratic activities such as composing poems , tending flowers , or simply appreciating nature . Vietnamese people generally favor lighter teas with flower fragrance , such as green tea or floral-scented white tea . Vietnamese teas are produced in many areas that have been known for tea-house `` retreats '' . For example , some are located amidst the immense tea forests of the Lamdong highlands , where there is a community of ancient Ruong houses built at the end of the 18th century . Vietnam has the world 's oldest trees , dating back to 1000 years . Green tea is the most popular amongst Vietnamese people . In 2011 it accounted for over 63 % of overall retail volume sales . Vietnamese green teas have been largely unknown outside of mainland Asia until the present day . Vietnamese green teas have a lower content of caffeine compared to Chinese green teas but higher caffeine levels than Japanese green teas . Recent free-enterprise initiatives are introducing these green teas to outside countries through new export activities . The Vietnam Tea Association ( VITA ) was founded on July 19 , 1998 and their goal is to protect and inform growers , consumers and business owners of Vietnamese teas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "518f334912c70a8cd33ca5282e9a9aad", "text": "Chakkavaratti Chakkavaratty , Chakka Varattiyathu , Chakka Varatti , Jackfruit Preserves or Jackfruit Halwa is a type of food made from jackfruit . The seeds are removed from the fruit and it is cut into small pieces . The fruit is then cooked with ghee and sarkara , when it prepared in a type of paste . After cooling it can be eaten and keeps for six to ten months . Malayalees prepare ada with this chakkavaratti as a special food .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dec858e96e2b2cdf46c589241b57f98", "text": "Dipterocarpus gracilis Dipterocarpus gracilis ( Tagalog : panao ) is a critically endangered species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae , native to South Asia and Southeast Asia . The species is found in Kalimantan , Bangladesh , India ( the Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Arunachal Pradesh , Assam and Tripura ) , Indonesia ( Java , Kalimantan , Sumatra ) , Peninsular Malaysia , Myanmar , Thailand and the Philippines . This large tree is found in lowland seasonal semi-evergreen and evergreen dipterocarp forests .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab98f23b6620fd86180cecbf820d01ef", "text": "Taiga Taiga ( -LSB- ˈtaɪɡə -RSB- -LSB- тайга́ , p = tɐjˈɡa -RSB- from Turkic ) also known as boreal forest or snow forest , is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines , spruces and larches . The taiga is the world 's largest biome apart from the oceans . In North America it covers most of inland Canada and Alaska as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States ( northern Minnesota through the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to Upstate New York and northern New England ) , where it is known as the Northwoods or `` North woods '' . In Eurasia , it covers most of Sweden , Finland , much of Norway , some of the Scottish Highlands , some lowland/coastal areas of Iceland , much of Russia from Karelia in the west to the Pacific Ocean ( including much of Siberia ) , and areas of northern Kazakhstan , northern Mongolia , and northern Japan ( on the island of Hokkaidō ) . However , the main tree species , the length of the growing season and summer temperatures vary . For example , the taiga of North America mostly consists of spruces ; Scandinavian and Finnish taiga consists of a mix of spruce , pines and birch ; Russian taiga has spruces , pines and larches depending on the region , while the Eastern Siberian taiga is a vast larch forest . A different use of the term taiga is often encountered in the English language , with `` boreal forest '' used in the United States and Canada to refer to only the more southerly part of the biome , while `` taiga '' is used to describe the more barren areas of the northernmost part of the biome approaching the tree line and the tundra biome . Hoffman ( 1958 ) discusses the origin of this differential use in North America and why it is an inappropriate differentiation of the Russian term . Although at high elevations taiga grades into alpine tundra through Krummholz , it is not exclusively an alpine biome ; and unlike subalpine forest , much of taiga is lowlands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2d8d0605e21d782d892685247f0002", "text": "Callicarpa nudiflora Callicarpa nudiflora is a species of beautyberry that is grown as an ornamental plant . The plant is also used for medical purposes . It is native to Southeast Asia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "410255e2d346da4558b73f4ba1da2a09", "text": "Rice production in Vietnam Rice production in Vietnam in the Mekong and Red River deltas is important to the food supply in the country and national economy . Vietnam is one of world 's richest agricultural regions and is the second-largest ( after Thailand ) exporter worldwide and the world 's seventh-largest consumer of rice . The Mekong Delta is the heart of the rice producing region of the country where water , boats , houses and markets coexist to produce a generous harvest of rice . Vietnam 's land area of 33 million ha has three ecosystems that dictate rice culture . These are the southern delta ( with its Mekong Delta dominating rice coverage ) , the northern delta ( the tropical monsoon area with cold winters ) and the highlands of the north ( with upland rice varieties ) . The most prominent irrigated rice system is the Mekong Delta . Rice is a staple of the national diet and is seen as a `` gift from God '' . The Mekong River and its tributaries are crucial to rice production in Vietnam . A total of 12 provinces constitute the Mekong Delta , popularly known as the `` Rice Bowl '' of Vietnam , which contain some 17 million people and 80 % of them are engaged in rice cultivation . The delta produced bountiful harvest of about 20 million tons in 2008 , about a half of the country 's total production . The rice bowl has assured food security to its population whose 75 % of daily calories are met by rice , which is also the staple diet of nearly 50 % of world 's population of 7.4-billion people . Within the delta system dominated by rice , now the farming system also includes activities related to aquaculture , rearing of animals , cash crops and fruit trees . Under aquaculture fresh and saline water shrimp are raised within the paddy rice fields . As a further environmental zoning of the delta , mangrove forests are also developed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c750cc57f3681360bc7eada6839cfff2", "text": "Torreya grandis Torreya grandis ( ( pinyin = Xiāngfěi ) is a species of conifer in either the family Taxaceae , or Cephalotaxaceae . T. grandis is a large tree that can attain height of 25 m , and possibly as high as 39 m. T. grandis is endemic to eastern and south-eastern China ; it is found in the coastal provinces Fujian , Zhejiang , and Jiangsu , as well as in Anhui , Guizhou , Hunan , and Jiangxi inland . Its natural habitat are mountains and open valleys , often by streams , between 200 - ASL . One common name is Chinese nutmeg yew ( although it is not related to nutmeg , and the true yews belong to the genus Taxus ) , which refers to its edible seeds that superficially resemble nutmeg and and its yew-like foliage . The seeds can be pressed for oil . The wood is used in construction and furniture . T. grandis is used as an ornamental tree in Europe and North America . Although known and utilized by the Chinese for centuries , the first European to discover Torreya grandis was Robert Fortune , who was hiking in the mountains of northeast Zhejiang in search of seeds , particularly those of `` golden pine-tree '' ( Larix kaempferi ) . Encountering first two young cultivated trees , he managed to get guided to a valley with mature trees and purchased the seeds . The seeds brought to England could be grown successfully there . Torreya grandis cv . Merrillii is a cultivar with a history going back to Tang Dynasty . It is believed to originate from the mountains of NE Zhejiang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281eb272f70c6bac93b81c33170cd3d7", "text": "Lutjanus johnii Lutjanus johnii , commonly known as John 's snapper or golden snapper , is a marine fish native to the western Pacific and Indian Oceans , from East Africa to Fiji and Australia . In Queensland , Northern Territory and other parts of Australia it is perhaps known more commonly as Fingermark bream , and is arguably one of the best estuary eating fish . The former name ( ` Golden snapper ' ) is generally used when the fish is in much larger sizes , with juveniles and young adults usually referred to as the latter ( ` Fingermark ' ) . It has a remarkably slow growth rate , so release is encouraged and bag limits apply . It can grow to approximately 8 kg in weight although 10 kg fish have been recorded off the coast of Cairns , though even a small individual will provide a substantial fight . They are not recommended to be targeted for catch and release when fishing in depths of 10 m or over , as the species is highly susceptible to barotrauma . Fingermark encounters often occur when targeting other species such as barramundi , and can be distinguished by their golden-brown to reddish skin tint and dark ` fingermark ' beneath the dorsal fin -- colourations both lost as the species dies once taken from the water or grows in size . Colourations are extremely prominent in juvenile fish . They are members of the Lutjanus genus of snappers , which also includes mangrove jack and other well-known table species .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f0c43d84b14cbf2eaca1242bea73249", "text": "Nepenthes khasiana Nepenthes khasiana ( -LSB- nᵻˈpɛnθiːz_ˌxæsiˈɑːnə -RSB- after the Khasi Hills , to which it is largely endemic ) is an endangered tropical pitcher plant of the genus Nepenthes . It is the only Nepenthes species native to India . It is thought to attract prey by means of blue fluorescence . The species has a very localised distribution and is rare in the wild . Isolated populations are known to occur in the Jarain area of the Jaintia Hills , the Baghmara area of the Garo Hills , adjacent to the Khasi Hills region of Meghalaya and in the Upper Kharthong area , of Dima Hasao district Assam.Nevertheless , N. khasiana exhibits considerable genetic diversity . The Khasi people call the plant tiew-rakot , which means demon-flower or devouring-plant . The Jaintias call it kset phare , which is roughly translated as lidded fly net . The Garo call the plant memang-koksi , which literally means the basket of the devil and the Biate tribe of Assam call the plant Jug-Par which means Jug-flower or Loisul Kola which literally means Pitcher-plant . Nepenthes khasiana is a protected species , classified as Endangered , and is on CITES Appendix I along with N. rajah . Threats to wild populations include habitat destruction , acid mine drainage associated with coal mining , and collection for medicinal and ornamental uses . In 2010 , the Rare Nepenthes Collection was established with the aim of conserving 4 of the most threatened Nepenthes species : N. aristolochioides , N. clipeata , N. khasiana , and N. rigidifolia . The specific epithet khasiana is spelled khasyana in some older texts . This spelling actually predates that under which the species was formally published in Joseph Dalton Hooker 's 1873 monograph , `` Nepenthaceae '' , as it appeared in an article by Maxwell T. Masters in the April 20 , 1872 issue of The Gardeners ' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette ( this article was itself based on the manuscript of Hooker 's monograph ) . In the horticultural trade of the late 19th century , N. khasiana was often confused with N. distillatoria of Sri Lanka .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "801840a6118cd7d4bae4d61b7e8d87c7", "text": "Prunus arborea Prunus arborea is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae . It is found in Indonesia , Malaysia , Singapore , and Thailand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e21c2760df0211d9e1aae60a591b60de", "text": "Syzygium malaccense Syzygium malaccense is a species of flowering tree native to Malaysia , Indonesia ( Sumatra and Java ) Vietnam , Thailand , New Guinea and Australia . It has been introduced throughout the tropics , including many Caribbean countries and territories such as Jamaica where it is known simply as `` Jamaican apple '' or the more common Otaheite apple . Syzygium malaccense has a number of English common names . It is known as a Malay rose apple , or simply Malay apple , mountain apple , rose apple , Otaheite apple , pink satin-ash and pommerac ( derived from pomme Malac , meaning `` Malayan apple '' in French ) . Despite the fact that it is sometimes called the otaheite cashew , it is not related to cashew . While cashew nuts ( but not cashew fruits ) may trigger allergic reactions , rose apple fruit has not been observed to do so . The combination of tree , flowers and fruit has been praised as the most beautiful of the Syzygium family . The fruit is oblong-shaped and dark red in color , although some varieties have white or pink skins . The flesh is white and surrounds a large seed . Its taste is bland but refreshing . Jam is prepared by stewing the flesh with brown sugar and ginger . Malay apple is a strictly tropical tree and will be damaged by freezing temperatures . It thrives in humid climates with an annual rainfall of 152 cm or more . It can grow at a variety of altitudes , from sea level up to 2740 m . The tree can grow to 12 - in height . It flowers in early summer , bearing fruit three months afterward . In Costa Rica , it flowers earlier , with ripe fruit in April . Coffee growers use the species to divert birds . In Hawaii , Syzygium malaccense is called mountain apple . When the Polynesians reached the Hawaiian Islands , they brought plants and animals that were important to them . The mountain apple was one of these `` canoe plants , '' arriving 1000 -- 1700 years ago .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "620fee9d01539b0db6dff6110b3433c0", "text": "Peopling of Thailand The peopling of Thailand refers to the process by which the ethnic groups that comprise the population of present-day Thailand came to inhabit the region . Aside from ethnic groups representing recent expatriate migrations , and the earliest Negrito arrivals , the ethnic groups of Thailand are all believed to be descended from ethnicities associated with clades of Y-DNA Haplogroup O. This suggests an ancient homogeneous ethnicity in Southeast Asia some 35,000 years ago which , over time , spread out and independently evolved into diverse sub-ethnicities , branches of which found their way to Thailand at different points in history , employing different migration routes and modes of transportation , only after being infused with elements of other cultures along the way , via both exposure and inter-breeding . The result is an extremely diverse population of distantly related tribes with a common Asian heritage steeped in ancient tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7f3c750a78639e2c21f955396a2392c", "text": "Artocarpus hirsutus Artocarpus hirsutus , known by a variety of names , such as Aini , Aini-maram , Aani , Anhili , Anjili , ( Tamil : அயனிபலா ) ( Malayalam : ആഞ ഞിലി ) , Hebbalasu ( Kannada : ಹ ಬ ಬಲಸ ) and the Wild Jack or Jungle Jack is a tropical evergreen tree species that is native to India ( Karnataka , Kerala , Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu ) , where it prefers moist , deciduous to partially evergreen woodlands . The Artocarpus hirsutus grows in altitudes ranging from sea level to an elevation of 1000 m in places with an annual rainfall of 1500 mm or more . They are endemic to the Western Ghats and are found in its evergreen forests . The canopy tree can reach a height of up to 35 m and about 4.5 m in girth . The tree is prized for its durable timber which is comparable in quality with teak . The timber was used extensively in the construction of ceilings , door frames and furniture in older buildings , especially in Kerala . The famous snake boats of Kerala are often hewn out of the Aini 's wood . 140 tons of A. hisutus wood from Kerala was used for Tim Severin 's ship Sohar , in which he traveled from Muscat to Canton in 1980-81 . Its flowers are , unisexual , in axillary inflorescences and its fruits are syncarps and very sweet , changing to an orange hue when ripe . Its simple , alternate leaves will ooze latex if broken . It is harvested for its wood . Diseases : The important diseases of Artocarpus hirsutus reported from Southern part of India ( Kerala state ) are Pink disease ( Corticium salmonicolor ) & Macrophomina leaf spot ( Macrophomina phaseolina ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3501850e0ebcf272618e0b3ca2fd736", "text": "Wildlife of Cambodia Cambodia is home to a diverse array of wildlife . There have been registered 212 mammal species , 536 bird species , 176 reptile species ( including 89 subspecies ) , 850 freshwater fish species ( Tonlé Sap Lake area ) , and 435 marine fish species . An unknown amount of species remains to be described by science , especially butterflies and moths ( lepidopterans ) . Many of the species in the country , including several endemic ones , are recognized by the IUCN or World Conservation Union as threatened , endangered , or critically endangered due to deforestation and habitat destruction , poaching , the illegal wildlife trade , and farming , fishing , and forestry concessions . Intensive poaching may have already driven Cambodia 's national animal , the kouprey , to extinction , and wild tigers , Eld 's deer , wild water buffaloes and hog deer are at critically low numbers . Wildlife in Cambodia includes dholes , elephants , deer ( sambar , Eld 's deer , hog deer and muntjac ) , wild oxen ( banteng and gaur ) , panthers , bears , and tigers . Cormorants , cranes , ibises , parrots , green peafowl , pheasants , and wild ducks are also found , and species of venomous snakes and constrictors are numerous . Deforestation , mining activities , and unregulated hunting , have diminished the country 's wildlife diversity rapidly . Cambodia also has many endangered species . Cambodia has 16 globally endangered species and two critically endangered species . Some of Cambodia 's endangered species are the Asian elephant , Siamese crocodile , wild water buffalo , and the Germain 's silver langur . Much work is being done in this area to help conserve and protect Cambodia 's unique wildlife . Wildlife conservation organizations operating in Cambodia include Conservation International , World Wildlife Fund , the Wildlife Conservation Society , Fauna and Flora International , BirdLife International , Wildlife Alliance , and many others . On 20 December 2016 , 163 new animal species were reported in Southeast Asia including one known as the Klingon newt for its resemblance to a klingon from Star trek .", "title": "" } ]	fever
66ef3b9497dffa03cc61ad8c8461525d	The Republican Party once had a strong commitment to tariffs.	[ { "docid": "38c1743270f766c4ddf76ac3df7f4796", "text": "Republican Party (United States) The Republican Party , commonly referred to as the GOP ( abbreviation for Grand Old Party ) , is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States , the other being its historic rival , the Democratic Party . The party is named after republicanism , the dominant value during the American Revolution . Founded by anti-slavery activists , modernists , ex-Whigs , and ex-Free Soilers in 1854 , the Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932 . There have been 19 Republican presidents , the most from any one party . The first was 16th president Abraham Lincoln , who served from 1861 to 1865 , when he was assassinated , and the most recent being 45th and current president Donald Trump , who took office on January 20 , 2017 . The Republican Party 's current ideology is American conservatism , which contrasts with the Democrats ' more progressive platform ( also called modern liberalism ) . Further , its platform involves support for free market capitalism , free enterprise , fiscal conservatism , a strong national defense , deregulation , and restrictions on labor unions . In addition to advocating for conservative economic policies , the Republican Party is socially conservative , and seeks to uphold traditional values based largely on Judeo-Christian ethics . The GOP was strongly committed to protectionism and tariffs from its founding until the 1930s , when it was based in the industrial Northeast and Midwest . Since 1952 there has been a reversal against protectionism and the party 's core support since the 1990s comes chiefly from the South , the Great Plains , the Mountain States and rural districts in the North . as well as from conservative Catholics , Mormons , and Evangelicals nationwide . As of 2017 , the Republican Party is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928 . In addition to holding the Presidency ( via Trump and Vice President Mike Pence ) , the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress , having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate . The party also holds a majority of governorships ( 33/50 ) and state legislatures ( full control of 32/50 , split control of six others ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a349f7c05e3f4eaa4efad3b2a68f2e49", "text": "1952 Republican National Convention The 1952 Republican National Convention was held at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago , Cook County , Illinois from July 7 to July 11 , 1952 , and nominated the popular general and war hero Dwight D. Eisenhower of Kansas , nicknamed `` Ike , '' for president and the anti-communist crusading Senator from California , Richard M. Nixon , for vice president . The Republican platform pledged to end the unpopular war in Korea , supported the development of nuclear weapons as a deterrence strategy , to fire all `` the loafers , incompetents and unnecessary employees '' at the State Department , condemned the Roosevelt and Truman administrations ' economic policies , supported retention of the Taft-Hartley Act , opposed `` discrimination against race , religion or national origin '' , supported `` Federal action toward the elimination of lynching '' , and pledged to bring an end to communist subversion in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c20337dfa7ac9d208fbcf9c44e85ec8f", "text": "American Republican Party (1843) The American Republican Party was a minor nativist political organization that was launched in New York in June 1843 , largely as a protest against immigrant voters and officeholders . In 1844 , it carried municipal elections in New York City and Philadelphia and expanded so rapidly that by July , 1845 , a national convention was called . This convention changed the name to the Native American Party and drafted a legislative program calling for a twenty-one-year period preceding naturalization and other sweeping reforms in the immigration policy . Failure to force congressional action on these proposals , combined with the growing national interest in the Mexican problem before the Mexican -- American War , led to the party 's rapid decline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "930263d019d1d718592c83b9158b60c2", "text": "William F. Butler William F. Butler was an American politician and African American leader born in Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States who became president of the Negro Republican Party formed after the American Civil War . Speaking in Louisville , Kentucky in 1867 , Butler said `` We claim ... a position of political equality with whites as a matter of right , as a matter of justice '' . At the first convention of the Negro Republican Party , held in Lexington , Kentucky in November 1867 , he said `` First we had the cartridge box , now we want the ballot box , and soon we will get the jury box '' . Expanding on this theme , he spoke of the service of African Americans in the Union Army during the civil war , saying `` We went out and fought the battles of our country , and gained our liberties , but we were left without the means of protecting ourselves in the employment of that liberty . We need and must have the ballot box for that purpose '' . Later , Butler moved to New York City , and was a member of the New York delegation to the 1872 Republican National Convention in Philadelphia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53ab370ead23b009b8218af204d235f0", "text": "Chicken tax The chicken tax is a 25 % tariff on potato starch , dextrin , brandy , and light trucks imposed in 1963 by the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson in response to tariffs placed by France and West Germany on importation of U.S. chicken . The period from 1961 -- 1964 of tensions and negotiations surrounding the issue was known as the `` Chicken War , '' taking place at the height of Cold War politics . Eventually , the tariffs on potato starch , dextrin , and brandy were lifted , but over the next 48 years the light truck tax ossified , remaining in place to protect U.S. domestic automakers from foreign competition ( e.g. , from Japan and Thailand ) . Though concern remains about its repeal , a 2003 Cato Institute study called the tariff `` a policy in search of a rationale . '' As an unintended consequence several importers of light trucks have circumvented the tariff via loopholes -- including Ford ( ostensibly a company that the tax was designed to protect ) , which imported the Transit Connect light trucks as `` passenger vehicles '' to the U.S. from Turkey and immediately strips and shreds portions of their interiors , such as installed rear seats , in a warehouse outside Baltimore -- and Mercedes , which imported complete vans built in Germany , `` disassembled them and shipped the pieces to South Carolina , where American workers put them back together in a small kit assembly building . '' The resulting vehicles emerge as locally manufactured , free from the tariff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4dd3102fd5f9365736ea3a89f16e27", "text": "Conscience Whigs The `` Conscience '' Whigs were a faction of the Whig Party in the state of Massachusetts noted for their moral opposition to slavery . They were noted as opponents of the more conservative `` Cotton '' Whigs who dominated the state party , led by such figures as Edward Everett , Robert C. Winthrop , and Abbott Lawrence , whose close association with the New England textile industry led them to de-emphasize the slavery issue . Leaders of the `` Conscience Whigs '' included Charles Sumner , Henry Wilson , and Charles Francis Adams . The group split from the Whig party in 1848 , when the national party nominated the slave-owning General Zachary Taylor for President , and played a role in the creation of the new Free Soil Party , which nominated Adams for Vice President on a ticket with anti-slavery former Democratic President Martin Van Buren . Following the failure of the Free Soil Party in the election that year , most Conscience Whigs would return to the Whig fold . More followed after the Compromise of 1850 temporarily neutralized the issue of slavery . During the mid 1850s , several Conscience leaders played an important role later in the foundation of the Republican Party . The term `` Conscience Whig '' is sometimes used more broadly to refer to Whigs in other states noted for their opposition to slavery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644f8a84256f5d138d80c5601bec0c99", "text": "Half-Breed (politics) The `` Half-Breeds '' were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century . The Half-Breeds were a moderate-wing group , and were the opponents of the Stalwarts , the other main faction of the Republican Party . The main issue that divided the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds was political patronage . The Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage , while the Half-Breeds , led by Maine senator James G. Blaine , were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system . The epithet `` Half-Breed '' was invented in derision by the Stalwarts to denote those whom they perceived as being only half Republican . In the 1880 Republican National Convention , the Stalwart candidate , former president Ulysses S. Grant , was pitted against Half-Breed James G. Blaine for the party nomination . Grant 's campaign was led by Stalwart leader Roscoe Conkling of New York , the state with the biggest split between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds . Despite Conkling 's attempts at imposing a unit-rule in the Republican National Convention by which a state 's votes would be grouped together for only one candidate , a number of Stalwarts went against him by vocalizing their support for the Half-Breed Blaine . The Half-Breeds united to defeat the unit-rule in a vote , and elected Half-Breed George Frisbie Hoar to the position as temporary chairman of the convention . Both sides knew there was no chance of victory for either candidate , and the Half-Breeds chose James Garfield as a compromise candidate . Garfield won the party 's nomination on the thirty-sixth ballot , and won the 1880 presidential election . Blaine was chosen as Garfield 's Secretary of State , and carried heavy influence over the political appointments Garfield issued for congressional approval . After Garfield was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau , a Stalwart , who proclaimed , `` I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts and Arthur will be President '' , the new Stalwart president Chester A. Arthur surprised those in his own faction by promoting civil service reform and issuing government jobs based on a merit system . The Half-Breeds put through Congress the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act ( authored by Democrat George H. Pendleton ) , and Arthur signed the bill into law on January 16 , 1883 . The act put an end to the spoils system , at least symbolically , placing a significant number of federal employees under the merit system and putting the government on the road to true reform . The act also set up the United States Civil Service Commission , banished political tests , denied jobs to alcoholics and created competitive measures for some federal positions . The Half-Breed and Stalwart factions both dissociated towards the end of the 1880s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab653457b10fc687dc1925c8ccad3424", "text": "Copperhead (politics) In the 1860s , the Copperheads comprised a vocal faction of Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War , wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates . Republicans started calling anti-war Democrats `` Copperheads '' , likening them to the venomous snake . Those Democrats accepted the label , reinterpreting the copper `` head '' as the likeness of Liberty , which they cut from Liberty Head large cent coins and proudly wore as badges . Democratic supporters of the war , by contrast , were called War Democrats . The Copperheads represented the more extreme wing of the `` Northern Democrats '' . Notable Copperheads included two Democratic congressmen from Ohio : Clement L. Vallandigham and Alexander Long . Republican prosecutors accused some prominent Copperheads of treason in a series of trials in 1864 . Copperheadism , a highly contentious , grass-roots movement , had its strongest base in the area just north of the Ohio River , as well as in some urban ethnic wards . Some historians have argued that it represented a traditionalistic element alarmed at the rapid modernization of society sponsored by the Republican Party , and that it looked back to Jacksonian Democracy for inspiration . Weber ( 2006 ) argues that the Copperheads damaged the Union war effort by opposing conscription ( the `` draft '' ) , encouraging desertion , and forming conspiracies , but other historians say that the draft was already in disrepute and that the Republicans greatly exaggerated the conspiracies for partisan reasons . Historians agree that the Copperheads ' goal of restoring the Union with slavery was naive and impractical , for the Confederates refused to consider giving up their independence . The Copperheads became a major target of the Union ( Republican ) party in the 1864 presidential election . Copperhead support increased when Union armies did poorly , and decreased when they won great victories . After the fall of Atlanta in September 1864 , Union military success seemed assured , and Copperheadism collapsed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018dbcfea7e664482df3b8e7c00f2f93", "text": "Right-wing politics Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable , natural , normal , or desirable , typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law , economics or tradition . Hierarchy and inequality may be viewed as natural results of traditional social differences or the competition in market economies . The term right-wing can generally refer to `` the conservative or reactionary section of a political party or system . '' The political terms Right and Left were first used during the French Revolution ( 1789 -- 99 ) , and referred to seating arrangements in the French parliament ; those who sat to the right of the chair of the parliamentary president were broadly supportive of the institutions of the monarchist Ancien Régime . The original Right in France was formed as a reaction against the Left , and comprised those politicians supporting hierarchy , tradition , and clericalism . The use of the expression la droite ( the right ) became prominent in France after the restoration of the monarchy in 1815 , when it was applied to the Ultra-royalists . The people of English-speaking countries did not apply the terms `` right '' and `` left '' to their own politics until the 20th century . Although the right-wing originated with traditional conservatives , monarchists and reactionaries , the term extreme right-wing has also been applied to movements including fascists , Nazis , and racial supremacists . From the 1830s to the 1880s , there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy , moving away from nobility and aristocracy towards capitalism . This general economic shift toward capitalism affected centre right movements such as the British Conservative Party , which responded by becoming supportive of capitalism . In the United States , the Right includes both economic and social conservatives . In Europe , economic conservatives are usually considered liberal , and the Right includes nationalists , nativist opposition to immigration , religious conservatives , and historically a significant presence of right-wing movements with anti-capitalist sentiments including conservatives and fascists who opposed what they saw as the selfishness and excessive materialism inherent in contemporary capitalism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41110c55c3ff761f51a9bb721bcbdf1f", "text": "Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4de2dddd83b821496f29df1918fe11eb", "text": "Tariff of 1790 In 1789 , Alexander Hamilton , the Secretary of the Treasury , calculated that the United States required $ 3 million a year for operating expenses as well as enough revenue to repay the estimated $ 75 million in foreign and domestic debt . Under the rates established by the Tariff of 1789 , the government could not meet its obligations . Consequently , Hamilton proposed an increase in the average rate from 5 percent to between 7 and 10 percent , the addition of numerous items to the list , and the passage of an excise tax . Congress refused to pass the excise tax , but James Madison successfully steered the tariff increases through the legislature . The Act Laying Duties on Imports was communicated by Alexander Hamilton to the United States House of Representatives on April 23 , 1790 . In order to promote manufacturing in the United States , Hamilton proposed that imported goods be more expensive , which would force Americans to buy more homemade products . This proposition failed as it was essentially a tariff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7386c2624f4e19e0eaae2a624ed89b3", "text": "Cash and carry (World War II) Cash and carry was a policy requested by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt at a special session of the United States Congress on September 21 , 1939 , subsequent to the outbreak of war in Europe . It replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1936 . The revision allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents , as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash , assuming all risk in transportation . However , the sale of war materials was not allowed . Though `` Cash and Carry '' concepts had been introduced in the Neutrality Act of 1936 , it only pertained to materials that could not be used in war efforts , which allowed them to aid warring countries . Originally presented to Congress by Senator Key Pittman ( D-NV ) earlier in 1939 , the bill was designed to replace the Neutrality Act of 1937 , which had lapsed in May 1939 . The bill had been defeated repeatedly by the Senate and the House on more than one occasion as Isolationists feared that passing the bill would draw the US into the conflict in Europe . However , President Roosevelt felt that further help was needed in Europe after Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 . The bill passed in late October , gaining approval from the House on November 5 , 1939 . The President gave his signature the same day . The purpose of this policy was to maintain neutrality between the United States and European countries while giving aid to Britain by allowing them to buy non war materials . Various policies , such as the Neutrality Acts of 1935 , 1936 , and 1937 , forbade selling implements of war or lending money to belligerent countries under any terms . The U.S. economy was rebounding at this time , following the Great Depression , but there was still a need for industrial manufacturing jobs . The cash and carry program helped to solve this issue and in turn Great Britain benefited from the purchase goods . This program also prevented US businesses interests backing the success or failure of any warring nation . Because of the conclusion of the Nye Committee , which asserted that United States involvement in World War I was driven by private interests from arms manufacturers , many Americans believed that investment in a belligerent would eventually lead to American participation in war . U.S. shipping interests were forbidden from entering into conflict zones and US passengers traveling on foreign ships did so at their own risk . The `` cash and carry '' legislation enacted in 1939 effectively ended the arms embargo that had been in place since the Neutrality Act of 1936 . It paved the way for Lend-Lease .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86084993280e8253fc7b4eb19ba7d878", "text": "Conservatism Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization . By some definitions , conservatives have variously sought to preserve institutions including religion , monarchy , parliamentary government , property rights and the social hierarchy , emphasizing stability and continuity , while the more extreme elements called reactionaries oppose modernism and seek a return to `` the way things were '' . The first established use of the term in a political context originated with François-René de Chateaubriand in 1818 , during the period of Bourbon restoration that sought to roll back the policies of the French Revolution . The term , historically associated with right-wing politics , has since been used to describe a wide range of views . There is no single set of policies that are universally regarded as conservative , because the meaning of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional in a given place and time . Thus conservatives from different parts of the world -- each upholding their respective traditions -- may disagree on a wide range of issues . Edmund Burke , an 18th-century politician who opposed the French Revolution but supported the American Revolution , is credited as one of the main theorists of conservatism in Great Britain in the 1790s . According to Quintin Hogg , the chairman of the British Conservative Party in 1959 , `` Conservatism is not so much a philosophy as an attitude , a constant force , performing a timeless function in the development of a free society , and corresponding to a deep and permanent requirement of human nature itself '' . In contrast to the tradition-based definition of conservatism , political theorists such as Corey Robin define conservatism primarily in terms of a general defense of social and economic inequality . From this perspective conservatism is less an attempt to uphold traditional institutions and more `` a meditation on -- and theoretical rendition of -- the felt experience of having power , seeing it threatened , and trying to win it back . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94bc499e03e30550cb5ac67881631328", "text": "United States House of Representatives elections, 1886 Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1886 for Representatives to the 50th Congress , taking place in the middle of President Grover Cleveland 's first term . As in many midterm elections , Cleveland 's Democratic Party lost seats to the opposition Republican Party , although a narrow majority was retained . Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states , where the debate over tariffs , which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade , led to political change . The small Labor Party , supported by industrial workers , gained one seat each in Virginia ( VA-06 ) and Wisconsin ( WI-04 ) , while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa ( James B. Weaver of IA-06 ) . John Nichols was also elected as an Independent to NC-04 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ec69f76f862c9b38e890e8e962e56ca", "text": "Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism . The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform . Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated . John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows : Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one , Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment . Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c7b187832003f3fac54ceeddc05505a", "text": "John Hamilton (Kansas) John Daniel Miller Hamilton ( c. 1892 -- September 24 , 1973 ) was a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Kansas . Hamilton was raised in Topeka , Kansas , where his father was general counsel of the Atchison , Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad . Upon graduation from preparatory school in 1913 , he stopped in Chicago to see his father 's friend , Dean Wigmore , who promptly invited him to enroll in Northwestern University Law School . Hamilton went on to become Speaker of the Kansas House of Representatives for the 1927 Session and 1928 Special Session . He lost the Republican Governor primary election to Clyde Reed in 1928 . In the 1930 Republican Governor primary he was the campaign manager for Frank Hauke who defeated incumbent Governor Clyde Reed , but lost in the general election . As Hauke 's campaign manager , Hamilton was also made Chairman of the Kansas Republican Party from 1930 to 1932 , In November 1932 , following the death of Kansas Republican National Committeeman David Mulvane , Governor Alf Landon had Hamilton elected as the new Kansas Republican National Committeeman for Kansas , a role he filled from 1932 to 1940 . In 1936 , following the nomination of then-Governor Alf Landon to run against President Franklin D. Roosevelt , Mr. Hamilton was appointed chairman of the Republican National Committee . His picture was on Time 's cover on September 23 , 1936 . Landon lost the election in a landslide , but Mr. Hamilton continued as chairman of the Republican National Committee until 1940 , due in large part to the considerable help of a freshman Illinois congressman , Everett Dirksen , whose eloquent support turned back several efforts to replace Mr. Hamilton . Mr. Hamilton personally visited 3,000 GOP county chairmen during his four-year term , and , in the process , eliminated the huge Landon campaign debt . Mr. Hamilton presided at the 1940 Republican National Convention that nominated Wendell Willkie to run against Roosevelt . When , according to well-established custom , Willkie picked his own national party chairman , Mr. Hamilton retired from active politics . In 1940 , Hamilton at the age of 48 resigned from the RNC and two days later married Jane Kendall Mason , 30 , who a month earlier divorced George Grant Mason Jr. , member of the Civil Aeronautics Board in Tampa , Florida . According to former first lady Grace Coolidge , Jane Kendall was `` the most beautiful debutante who ever entered the White House '' . At the urging of members of Philadelphia 's Pew family , he came to Philadelphia , rather than return to Kansas , and joined the Pepper firm . Even in private practice , he remained an active and shrewd observer of the political scene . He was a consummate raconteur of political stories , and in the days before timesheets , partners and associates drifted into his office for impromptu gatherings where they heard Hamilton tell tales of political lore . Hamilton received national and international attention in 1950 , when he was appointed to represent Harry Gold , a Philadelphia chemist and confessed courier in the Julius and Ethel Rosenberg network that passed atomic secrets to the Soviet Union . In 1955 he became chairman of the Pepper Law Firm and resigned the position in 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2a35ac42cd7fef5c10eae083c0e3392", "text": "Jack Kemp Jack French Kemp ( July 13 , 1935 -- May 2 , 2009 ) was an American politician and a professional gridiron football player . A Republican , he served as Housing Secretary in the administration of President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1993 , having previously served nine terms as a congressman for Western New York 's 31st congressional district from 1971 to 1989 . He was the Republican Party 's nominee for Vice President in the 1996 election , where he was the running mate of presidential nominee Bob Dole . Kemp had previously contended for the presidential nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries . Before entering politics , Kemp was a professional quarterback for 13 years . He played briefly in the National Football League ( NFL ) and the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) , but became a star in the American Football League ( AFL ) . He served as captain of both the San Diego Chargers and Buffalo Bills and earned the AFL Most Valuable Player award in 1965 after leading the Bills to a second consecutive championship . He played in the AFL for all 10 years of its existence , appeared in its All-Star game seven times , played in its championship game five times , and set many of the league 's career passing records . Kemp also co-founded the AFL Players Association , for which he served five terms as president . During the early part of his football career , he served in the United States Army Reserve . As an economic conservative , Kemp advocated low taxes and supply-side policies during his political career . His positions spanned the social spectrum , ranging from his conservative opposition to abortion to his more libertarian stances advocating immigration reform . As a proponent of both Chicago school and supply-side economics , he is notable as an influence upon the Reagan agenda and the architect of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 , which is known as the Kemp -- Roth tax cut . After his days in political office , Kemp remained active as a political advocate and commentator , and served on corporate and nonprofit organization boards . He also authored , co-authored , and edited several books . He promoted American football and advocated for retired professional football players . Kemp was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009 by President Barack Obama . He was famously quoted saying , `` We must win the war on poverty by enlisting the greatest weapon ever invented : Free Enterprise '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bd648097ed8517b410699b59e9a522c", "text": "Political positions of the Republican Party The platform of the Republican Party of the United States is generally based on conservatism , in contrast to the modern liberalism of the Democrats . The Republican Party 's conservatism involves support for free market capitalism , free enterprise , business , a strong national defense , deregulation , restrictions on labor unions , social-conservative policies , and traditional values , usually with a Christian foundation . The party is generally split on the issue of how to deal with illegal immigration . In general , Republicans oppose abortion rights , funding to Planned Parenthood , drugs , Obamacare , Common Core , gun control and support Just Say No and school choice . On economics , Republicans oppose an increased minimum wage and the estate tax , and support free markets and individual achievement . On the environment , Republicans have introduced environmental programs such as the Environmental Protection Agency and cap-and-trade policies in the past , but tend to oppose them today . Republicans support clean air and clean water policies , but also support increased fracking and reject scientific consensus on global warming and climate change . The majority of Republicans oppose same-sex marriage and tend to support the death penalty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e16c7b38f610ddba2ff286ed9195dd3", "text": "South Carolina's 6th congressional district The 6th Congressional District of South Carolina is a congressional district in central and eastern South Carolina . It includes all of Allendale , Bamberg , Barnwell , Clarendon , Colleton , Hampton and Williamsburg counties and parts of Beaufort , Berkeley , Calhoun , Charleston , Dorchester , Georgetown , Orangeburg and Richland counties . The district borders were shifted south in the 2012 redistricting . It lost its share of the North Carolina border , and now takes in part of the area near the South Carolina-Georgia border . The district was defined in the early 1990s in a deal between state Republicans ( mostly white ) and Democrats ( mostly black ) in the South Carolina General Assembly to ensure a majority-black population , known as a majority-minority district . The rural counties of the historical black belt in South Carolina make up much of the district , but it sweeps south to include most of the majority-black precincts in and around Charleston , and sweeps west to include most of the majority-black precincts in and around Columbia . In all of its configurations , its politics have been dominated by black voters in the Columbia and Charleston areas . Following the Reconstruction era , the white Democratic-dominated legislature passed Jim Crow laws , as well as a new constitution in 1895 that effectively disfranchised blacks , crippling the Republican Party in the state . For most of the next 60 years , South Carolina was essentially a one-party state dominated by the Democrats , and blacks were nearly excluded from the political system . Demographic and political changes have included the Great Migration ( African American ) of blacks out of the state during the Jim Crow era in the first half of the 20th century . At the same time , many white Democrats felt chagrin at the national party 's greater support of civil rights for blacks from the 1940s onward , and began splitting their tickets in federal elections . After successes of the Civil Rights Movement in gaining passage of federal legislation in the mid-1960s to enforce their constitutional rights and ability to vote , blacks in South Carolina supported national Democratic candidates . This prompted a massive wave of party-switching in which white conservatives began moving into the Republican Party . Since the late 20th century , South Carolina politics have been very racially polarized . Republicans in South Carolina have been mostly white , and most African Americans in the state continue to support the Democrats . In the 21st century , the 6th is considered the only `` safe '' Democratic district in the state . Before 1993 , this district included the northeastern part of the state , from Darlington to Myrtle Beach . It was a classic `` Yellow Dog '' Democratic district ; in this configuration it only elected two Republicans , both for a single term . In 2012 , the new 7th congressional district was created ; it includes much of the territory that was in the 6th for most of the 20th century . Jim Clyburn , a Democrat and the current Assistant House Minority Leader , has represented this district since first being elected in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfd62d06c72fb82b8770868563666f37", "text": "Royal Commission on the Depression in Trade and Industry The Royal Commission on the Depression in Trade and Industry was a Royal Commission of the United Kingdom set up by the Prime Minister Lord Salisbury 's minority Conservative government in August 1885 and completed in December 1886 . It occurred during the Great Depression of 1873 -- 96 . The decision by Salisbury to appoint this Royal Commission has been seen as a way of easing the pressure on the Conservative Party from `` fair traders '' who opposed the prevailing free trade orthodoxy . The former Liberal ministers who Salisbury wished to appoint to the Royal Commission , such as John Kynaston Cross , declined to do so because such an inquiry implicitly questioned the validity of free trade . The Commission was chaired by Lord Iddesleigh , a free trader . W. D. Rubinstein has noted that `` This commission was notable for being one of the first to acknowledge Britain 's disadvantages as the earliest industrial country at a time of intense foreign competition . Its recommendations were moderate , and Iddesleigh 's chairmanship ensured that it did not stray from free-trade orthodoxy despite the growing calls for protection from many tories '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0744359e0da0c9cc66b931c93bf1c558	The Chronicles of Narnia is a series from Walden Media.	[ { "docid": "849dc639ddb967847ab819a36246d19e", "text": "The Chronicles of Narnia (film series) The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of fantasy films from Walden Media , based on The Chronicles of Narnia , a series of novels by C. S. Lewis . From the seven novels , there have been three film adaptations so far -- The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe ( 2005 ) , Prince Caspian ( 2008 ) and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader ( 2010 ) -- which have grossed over $ 1.5 billion worldwide among them . The series revolves around the adventures of children in the world of Narnia , guided by Aslan , a wise and powerful lion that can speak and is the true king of Narnia . The children heavily featured in the films are the Pevensie siblings , and a prominent antagonist is the White Witch ( also known as Jadis ) . The first two films were directed by Andrew Adamson and the third film was directed by Michael Apted . The fourth film will be directed by Joe Johnston .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "58a2a20520290feed29e938a409b50ec", "text": "The Last Battle The Last Battle is a high fantasy novel for children by C. S. Lewis , published by The Bodley Head in 1956 . It was the seventh and final novel in The Chronicles of Narnia ( 1950 -- 1956 ) . Like the others it was illustrated by Pauline Baynes and her work has been retained in many later editions . The Last Battle is set almost entirely in the Narnia world and the English children who participate arrive only in the middle of the narrative . The novel is set some 200 Narnian years after The Silver Chair and about 2500 years since the creation of the world narrated in The Magician 's Nephew . A false Aslan is set up in the north-western borderlands and conflict between true and false Narnians merges with that between Narnia and Calormen , whose people worship Tash . It concludes with termination of the world by Aslan , after a `` last battle '' that is practically lost . Macmillan US published an American edition within the calendar year . Lewis and The Last Battle won the annual Carnegie Medal from the Library Association , recognising the year 's best children 's book by a British subject . The author wrote to illustrator Baynes , `` is it not rather ` our ' medal ? I 'm sure the illustrations were taken into account as well as the text . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6b5202194403a60e0af783caa130d6", "text": "BBC Television BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The corporation has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927 . It produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932 , although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936 . The BBC 's domestic television channels have no commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30 % of all UK viewing . The services are funded by a television licence . As a result of the 2016 Licence Fee settlement , the BBC Television division was split , with in-house television production being separated into a new division called BBC Studios and the remaining parts of television ( channels and genre commissioning , BBC Sport , BBC Three and BBC iPlayer ) being renamed as BBC Content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba43724663909bdfe19b6121d9d949e7", "text": "Tir na n-Og Award The Tir na n-Og Awards ( abbreviated TnaO ) are a set of annual children 's literary awards in Wales from 1976 . They are presented by the Welsh Books Council to the best books published during the preceding calendar year in each of three awards categories , one English-language and two Welsh-language . Their purpose is '' -LSB- to raise -RSB- the standard of children 's and young people 's books and to encourage the buying and reading of good books . '' There is no restriction to fiction or prose . Each prize is # 1,000 . The awards are named for Tír na nÓg , the `` Land of the Young '' , an otherworldly realm in Irish mythology . The English-language award honours one book with an `` authentic Welsh background '' whose original language is English . It is sponsored by the British Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals , Cymru Wales division ( CILIP/Wales ) , and presented at that association 's annual conference in May . The Welsh-language Primary Sector and Secondary Sector awards honour one book written for primary school children and one for secondary school children . They are presented at the annual Urdd National Eisteddfod , recently at the beginning of June or end of May . Since 2011 , the Welsh-language awards are co-sponsored by the Cardigan-based publisher Cymdeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion . Shortlists comprising three or four books in each awards category have been published by WBC at least from 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187c4140abf5905d0515b92e5d37b6b2", "text": "Camelot (TV series) Camelot is a 2011 historical-fantasy-drama television series which premiered on 1 April 2011 . It was co-produced by the Starz cable network and GK-TV which began production during the summer of 2010 . The series , based on the Arthurian legend , was produced by Graham King , Morgan O'Sullivan and Michael Hirst . A special preview showing of the pilot episode `` Homecoming '' was aired on Starz Friday night , 25 February 2011 . On 30 June 2011 Starz announced it was not going to order new seasons of Camelot , citing significant production challenges , predominantly scheduling conflicts with some members of the cast , including Joseph Fiennes , Jamie Campbell Bower and Eva Green .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fb4c3d768eb12f82d33edbff6b768d5", "text": "Battles in the Chronicles of Narnia C. S. Lewis ' fantasy series The Chronicles of Narnia includes several battles set in Narnia , Archenland , and other places in the Narnian World . These are given below in an in-universe , fictional chronology while listing them in order of appearance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35885d23808908b2aec855f4172f2398", "text": "The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy . The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels . In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming . Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries . Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8541388752059e6798a02aaef1fad2c0", "text": "List of Criterion Collection UK releases This is a list of Criterion Collection Blu-ray titles released in U.K. , distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment . The Criterion Collection is a video distribution company which specializes in licensing and selling `` important classic and contemporary films '' in `` editions that offer the highest technical quality and award-winning , original supplements . '' Janus Films and the Voyager Company established The Criterion Collection in 1984 as a privately held company concentrating upon the North American home video market . In March 2016 , Criterion announced that due to a distribution partnership with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment select Criterion Collection titles would be launching in U.K. as Blu-ray editions , starting on April 18 , 2016 . So far all the released titles have been films that have already been released in US by Criterion Collection , or that have received simultaneous releases in the US and U.K. . So far all the released titles have been identical to their US counterparts apart from region coding ( A in the US and B in U.K. ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d32bf352d5cab135ba2c164601ac3c", "text": "Waverley Novels The Waverley Novels is a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott ( 1771 -- 1832 ) . For nearly a century , they were among the most popular and widely read novels in all of Europe . Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827 , the series takes its name from Waverley , the first novel of the series released in 1814 . The later books bore the words `` by the author of Waverley '' on their title pages . The Tales of my Landlord sub-series was not advertised as `` by the author of Waverley '' and thus is not always included as part of the Waverley Novels series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77f1c52f9067b1ac09c71de0fc506ff6", "text": "Keléstia Productions Keléstia Productions publishes role-playing materials for use with Hârn , a fictitious setting . Keléstia Productions was created by N. Robin Crossby , the original creator of Hârn , after a contract dispute with publisher Columbia Games proved irresolvable . Keléstia Productions is known for the incredible detail and high design standards of its online products . As of this writing , Kelestia Productions produces no printed materials . A community of dedicated fans produces additional highly-detailed supplements . Despite disagreements between Keléstia Publications and rival Columbia Games , the products produced by both entities are completely compatible either `` as-is '' or with the use of simple conversion information available freely through the fan community . The fan community produces additional high-quality supplements that are compatible with both Columbia Games and Kelestia Productions products . Since the death of N. Robin Crossby , Keléstia Productions has continued as company owned by Crossby 's estate , principally producing products describing the wider world beyond Hârn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdb8048a12b2db319c910f79c7aae0f4", "text": "The History of Middle-earth The History of Middle-earth is a 12-volume series of books published between 1983 and 1996 that collect and analyse material relating to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien , compiled and edited by his son , Christopher Tolkien . The series shows the development over time of Tolkien 's conception of Middle-earth as a fictional place with its own peoples , languages , and history , from his earliest notions of a `` mythology for England '' through to the development of the stories that make up The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings . It is not a `` history of Middle-earth '' in the sense of being a chronicle of events in Middle-earth written from an in-universe perspective . In 2000 -- 01 , the twelve volumes were republished in three limited edition omnibus volumes . Non-deluxe editions of the three volumes were published in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f799635bf7b54bdab24950e73bbabf42", "text": "White Witch Jadis is the main antagonist of The Magician 's Nephew and of The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe in C. S. Lewis 's series , The Chronicles of Narnia . She is commonly referred to as the White Witch in The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , as she is the Witch who froze Narnia in the Hundred Years Winter . Some recent editions of the books include brief notes , added by later editors , that describe the cast of characters . As Lewis scholar Peter Schakel points out , the description there of Jadis and the Queen of Underland ( the main antagonist of The Silver Chair ) `` states incorrectly that the Queen of Underland is an embodiment of Jadis '' . Beyond characterising the two as `` Northern Witches '' , Lewis 's text does not connect them . See Lady of the Green Kirtle for further discussion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8afa97cdd9799a94e48a12cff9c2293a", "text": "The Last Sea A location within the fictional setting of The Chronicles of Narnia . A location within the fictional Dark Sun setting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b27f037852dcfd92ab77f8833dab56e", "text": "Life (UK TV series) Life is a British nature documentary series created and produced by the BBC in association with The Open University . It was first broadcast as part of the BBC 's Darwin Season on BBC One and BBC HD from October to December 2009 . The series takes a global view of the specialised strategies and extreme behaviour that living things have developed in order to survive ; what Charles Darwin termed `` the struggle for existence '' . Four years in the making , the series was shot entirely in high definition . Life premiered on 12 October 2009 in the United Kingdom consisting of ten 50-minute episodes . The opening programme gives a general introduction to the series , a second look at plants , and the remainder are dedicated to some of the major animal groups . They aim to show common features that have contributed to the success of each group , and to document intimate and dramatic moments in the lives of selected species chosen for their charisma or their extraordinary behaviour . A ten-minute making-of feature Life on Location aired at the end of each episode , taking the total running time to 60 minutes . Life is produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and The Open University . It is distributed under licence by the BBC in over 50 other countries , including by the Discovery Channel in the United States and Skai TV in Greece . The original script was written and narrated by David Attenborough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c92fef07e1bb381a5249b2315ffb5ee9", "text": "Boxen (C. S. Lewis) Boxen is a fictional world that C. S. Lewis ( `` Jack '' ) and his brother W. H. Lewis ( `` Warren '' ) created as children . The world of Boxen was created when Jack 's stories about Animal-Land and Warnie 's stories about India were brought together . In Surprised by Joy , Jack explains that the union of Animal-Land and India took place `` sometime in the late eighteenth century ( their eighteenth century , not ours ) '' . During a time when influenza was ravaging many families , the Lewis brothers were forced to stay indoors and entertain themselves by reading . They read whatever books they could find , both those written for children and adults . Influenced by Beatrix Potter 's animals , C.S. Lewis wrote about Animal-Land , complete with details about its economics , politics/government , and history , as well as illustrations of buildings and characters . The stories were published posthumously as Boxen : The Imaginary World of the Young C. S. Lewis Edited by Walter Hooper and first published by London : Collins May 28 , 1985 . First American edition : San Diego : Harcourt , Brace , Javanovich , October 17 , 1985 . ( republished as Boxen : Childhood Chronicles Before Narnia ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c70a25bec4a6aeade91153a038989be", "text": "Elves (Discworld) In Terry Pratchett 's Discworld novels , elves are of a race that lived before the Iron Age , and were banished by steel weapons . Elves on the Discworld are based on the nastier kind of fairy-folk in European ( and other ) folklores rather than elves as portrayed in most modern ( post-Tolkien ) fantasy fiction . They are native to the Disc , but now live in a parallel world , sometimes called Fairyland . During certain times of the year , such as Mid-Summer , the walls between Fairyland and ordinary reality become thin , allowing the elves ( and other fae creatures such as unicorns , Jenny Greenteeth and , before they were cast out , the Nac Mac Feegle ) to break through . Elven invasions of the Discworld are recorded in Lords and Ladies , The Wee Free Men and The Shepherd 's Crown . The Science of Discworld II : The Globe involves an attempted invasion of Roundworld ( a version of our world ) . In Moving Pictures it is mentioned that a few elves have moved to Holy Wood . THese are not the wild elves , but the offspring of elves and humans , seen below .", "title": "" } ]	fever
dc9931f8e4fcc02be198ee46af8f2bc8	Carl Sanders was a politician of American citizenship.	[ { "docid": "2bbbff1d9f55f4dda61887b48a6dc98d", "text": "Carl Sanders Carl Edward Sanders Sr. ( May 15 , 1925 -- November 16 , 2014 ) was an American politician who served as the 74th Governor of the state of Georgia from 1963 to 1967 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f956d79c7172fa4fbf8c15c353d9e72b", "text": "Active citizenship Active citizenship refers to a philosophy espoused by organizations and educational institutions which advocates that members of companies or nation-states have certain roles and responsibilities to society and the environment , although those members may not have specific governing roles . Active citizenship can be seen as an articulation of the debate over rights versus responsibilities . If a body gives rights to the people under its remit , then those same people might have certain responsibilities to uphold . This would be most obvious at a country or nation-state level , but could also be of wider scope , such as the Internet ( Netizen ) or Earth ( global citizenship ) . The implication is that an active citizen is one who fulfills both their rights and responsibilities in a balanced way . A problem with this concept is that although rights are often written down as part of law , responsibilities are not as well defined , and there may be disagreements amongst the citizens as to what the responsibilities are . For example , in the United Kingdom , citizens have the right to free health care , but voting in elections is not compulsory , even though many people would define this as a responsibility . Writing a clear definition of responsibilities for an active citizen is much more problematic than writing a list of rights . For example , although voting might be considered a basic responsibility by many people , there are some who through disability or other issues are not able to participate fully in the voting process . An active citizen is someone who takes a role in the community ; the term has been identified with volunteering by writers such as Jonathan Tisch , who wrote in the Huffington Post in 2010 advocating that busy Americans should try to help others , particularly by offering high-level professional expertise in such areas as banking , education , engineering , and technology to help the less fortunate . Active citizenship is considered a buzzword by some due to its vague definition . Examples include volunteering , donating , and recycling .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a116b559acb4637514fb751882ccb801", "text": "Elective rights Two central issues for democracies are the right to candidate , and suffrage or the franchise -- that is , the decision as to who is entitled to vote . For example , Athenian democracy limited the vote to male citizens , while slaves , foreigners , and women of any status were excluded . Requirements and exclusions such as these , along with racial prohibitions , have been common in democracies . The definition of legal personhood has been historically tied up with these questions . Generally , franchise is restricted on account of one or more of the following : age ( in all democracies ) , gender , nationality , race , religion , wealth , birth ( e.g. , inherited social status ) , education , previous crimes , etc. . Most contemporary democracies agree that only age , citizenship and ( in some jurisdictions ) serious , previously-committed crimes are the only of these restrictions which apply . One prominent exception to this is the limited representation available for denizens of the capital of the United States , Washington , DC ( see District of Columbia voting rights ) . A recent example of how the `` right to vote '' changed over history is New Zealand , which was the first country to give women the right to vote ( September 19 , 1893 ) , though not the right to be elected . The participation in politics via both candidacy and suffrage in Europe and the Americas is , largely , a 20th-century phenomenon . Sex equity has been recognized in other ways in other societies , however . The Iroquois Confederacy gave a strong political role to women perhaps to as far back as its origins in the 12th century , although , as in 19th century New Zealand , this was expressed as support for a specific male , not the right to sit in council . The Iroquois Confederacy , like many Native American societies , recognized rituals to allow post-menopausal or powerful widowed women to assume the role of a man -- because of this , it is possible that at some point in its history , the Confederacy permitted a full and formal role to women . Some limited ( to a greater or lesser degree ) alternative voting and official appointing systems claim to be democratic . One-party states such as the People 's Republic of China apply a limited form of disapproval voting that helps to signal the acceptance of those promoted into new posts . Those who do not receive very high ( over 80 % ) acceptance generally rise no further in rank or position . Under perestroika , shortly before its collapse , the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics under Mikhail Gorbachev implemented reforms to allow multiple candidates , all from the local Communist Party , to run against each other . Such methods are not generally viewed as providing an equivalent political expression to the right to replace an entire centralized power group by way of election , as can occur in a multi-party system . Another means of limited democracy is that practiced in the Islamic Republic of Iran , where the right to run as a candidate is controlled by the religious authorities . Such groups as the Communist Party and the Green Party of Iran are excluded from the slate of candidates . Recent elections in Iran have suffered from very low turnout . In the United States of America , restrictions on the right to vote due to property ownership or lack thereof , and in some places literacy , were common until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . Today all but a few states deny the right to vote to those who have been convicted of a felony at any point in their past ( voting rights are , in some cases , restored via executive ( on the state or federal level ) pardon ) . In the European Union every citizen has the right to participate in the elections of the European Parliament . Not every vote is counted equally , however : Voters from bigger countries are significantly underrepresented relative to voters from smaller countries . E.g. , a vote from Luxembourg carries 12 times as much weight as does a vote from Germany . Many places have similar problems with the distribution of votes per region . In the US , a Californian vote carries four times the weight of a Montana vote in the presidential election . Category : Democracy", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfb534bacc240e075683ea15532f3454", "text": "Labor Party (United States, 1996) The Labor Party was an American social democratic political party advocating workers ' interests . Membership at one point reached about 5,000 . The party was formed in 1996 by the United Mine Workers , International Longshore and Warehouse Union , American Federation of Government Employees , California Nurses Association , and hundreds of other local labor unions . From the beginning a dispute over the Party 's running of candidates arose with many of the official unions totally opposed to running candidates that might cause the defeat of their normal Democratic allies . Smaller locals and left union activists on the other had pushed for a clean break with the Democratic Party . This issue was debated internally for years until 1999 when the Party 's leadership agreed to some endorsements of Labor Party members running . In 2001 the Labor Party endorsed labor sponsored independent candidates in San Francisco and Ohio local elections . After the 2000 elections even symbolic support dripped away . The future of the party remains uncertain , particularly after the 2002 death of Tony Mazzocchi , the founding national organizer . All of the founding unions continued to actively support Democratic Party candidates . In December 2005 , the South Carolina Labor Party announced that it would seek ballot status in South Carolina and run a candidate in the 2006 legislative elections . Labor Party News quoted Leonard Riley , President of the Charleston International Longshoremen 's Association Local 1422 as saying , `` Given the results of the past few elections , I think the workers of South Carolina would jump at the opportunity to consider a Labor Party which would guarantee an uncompromising voice for working people on their issues . '' Although South Carolina law permitted electoral fusion , the Labor Party pledged not to endorse candidates of any other party . Party officials acknowledged that the choice of South Carolina may have seemed unusual due to the fact that the state had the second lowest concentration of union workers in the United States . However , party officials said that the relatively high unemployment rate , the decline in the textile industry , and the indifference of the state Democratic and Republican parties to the interests of working people , African-Americans and women created a political space for the Labor Party . The party submitted 16,500 signatures on July 11 , 2006 . If 10,000 of the signatures were valid , the party would be qualified for the 2007 and 2008 elections . This effort was apparently unrelated to the concurrent attempt of the Working Families Party to gain ballot access in South Carolina , a state that allows electoral fusion . In July 2007 Ballot Access News reported that the SCLP was attempting to recruit candidates . The party suspended active operations in 2007 but a group said to affiliated with the party nominated one candidate for the South Carolina State House for 2010 . The candidate , Brett Bursey , received 442 votes , or 3.06 % . In December 2012 Mark Dudzic wrote an article in which he said confirmed that the party had suspended operations in 2007 . While some have taken this to mean that he said that the time was currently not right for the Labor Party to exist , others have seen this as a start of a discussion about the future of the Labor Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "523b4cda9ddd935b1b04175c6d8908e5", "text": "Carl D. Perkins Carl Dewey Perkins ( October 15 , 1912 -- August 3 , 1984 ) , a Democrat , was a politician and member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Kentucky serving from 1949 until his death from a heart attack in Lexington , Kentucky in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58a683925a50395a9b6ea959e3515fd0", "text": "Eugene V. Debs Eugene Victor `` Gene '' Debs ( November 5 , 1855 -- October 20 , 1926 ) was an American union leader , one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW or the Wobblies ) , and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States . Through his presidential candidacies , as well as his work with labor movements , Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States . Early in his political career , Debs was a member of the Democratic Party . He was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana General Assembly in 1884 . After working with several smaller unions , including the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen , Debs was instrumental in the founding of the American Railway Union ( ARU ) , one of the nation 's first industrial unions . After workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company organized a wildcat strike over pay cuts in the summer of 1894 , Debs signed many into the ARU . He called a boycott of the ARU against handling trains with Pullman cars , in what became the nationwide Pullman Strike , affecting most lines west of Detroit , and more than 250,000 workers in 27 states . To keep the mail running , President Grover Cleveland used the United States Army to break the strike . As a leader of the ARU , Debs was convicted of federal charges for defying a court injunction against the strike and served six months in prison . In jail , Debs read various works of socialist theory and emerged six months later as a committed adherent of the international socialist movement . Debs was a founding member of the Social Democracy of America ( 1897 ) , the Social Democratic Party of America ( 1898 ) , and the Socialist Party of America ( 1901 ) . Debs ran as a Socialist candidate for President of the United States five times , including 1900 ( earning 0.63 % of the popular vote ) , 1904 ( 2.98 % ) , 1908 ( 2.83 % ) , 1912 ( 5.99 % ) , and 1920 ( 3.41 % ) , the last time from a prison cell . He was also a candidate for United States Congress from his native state Indiana in 1916 . Debs was noted for his oratory , and his speech denouncing American participation in World War I led to his second arrest in 1918 . He was convicted under the Sedition Act of 1918 and sentenced to a term of 10 years . President Warren G. Harding commuted his sentence in December 1921 . Debs died in 1926 , not long after being admitted to a sanatorium due to cardiovascular problems that developed during his time in prison . He has since been cited as the inspiration for numerous politicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d86d00c11cbf2bedc6628128b38d9ce", "text": "History of democracy A democracy is a political system , or a system of decision-making within an institution or organization , in which all members have an equal share of power . Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government : the capacity to intervene in their own societies and the recognition of their sovereignty by an international legalistic framework of similarly sovereign states . -LSB- 2 -RSB- Democratic government is commonly juxtaposed with oligarchic and monarchic systems , which are rule by a minority and a sole monarch respectively . Democracy in its earliest forms is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans , who were themselves considered the founders of Western civilization by the 18th century intellectuals who attempted to leverage these early democratic experiments into a new template for post-monarchical political organization . The extent to which these 18th century democratic revivalists succeeded in turning the democratic ideals of the ancient Greeks and Romans into the dominant political institution of the next 300 years is hardly debatable , even if the moral justifications they often employed might be . Nevertheless , the critical historical juncture catalyzed by the resurrection of democratic ideals and institutions fundamentally transformed the ensuing centuries and has dominated the international landscape since the dismantling of the final vestige of empire following the end of the Second World War . Modern representative democracies attempt to bridge the gulf between the Hobbesian ` state of nature ' and the grip of authoritarianism through ` social contracts ' that enshrine the rights of the citizens , curtail the power of the state , and grant agency through the right to vote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "754dac3b6c132d0e107f1dc01b2eaec6", "text": "Larry Sanders (politician) Lawrence `` Larry '' Sanders ( born 25 April 1935 ) is an American-British academic , social worker , and Health Spokesperson of the Green Party of England and Wales . Sanders is the elder brother of United States Senator and former 2016 Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24c74b6244e6a6a9ff45a34f7227d335", "text": "Jamaican Americans Jamaican Americans are Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry . The largest proportion of Jamaicans live in New York City , which has various other Caribbean cultural elements such as food and music . There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Philadelphia , Boston , South Florida , Tampa , Los Angeles , Orlando , Baltimore , Washington , D.C. , Atlanta , Cleveland , Western New York , Connecticut , and New Jersey . After 1838 , European colonies in the Caribbean with expanding sugar industries imported large numbers of immigrants to meet their acute labor shortage . Large numbers of Jamaicans were recruited to work in Panama and Costa Rica in the 1850s . After slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 , American planters imported temporary workers , called `` swallow migrants '' , to harvest crops on an annual basis . These workers , many of them Jamaicans , returned to their countries after harvest . Between 1881 and the beginning of World War I , the United States recruited over 250,000 workers from the Caribbean , 90,000 of whom were Jamaicans , to work on the Panama Canal . During both world wars , the United States again recruited Jamaican men for service on various American bases in the region . The vast majority of Jamaican American are of black Afro-Caribbean descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e01ddccb9c4eaf971d766c82ee1d7b6", "text": "Afroyim v. Rusk Afroyim v. Rusk , , is a major United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that citizens of the United States may not be deprived of their citizenship involuntarily . The U.S. government had attempted to revoke the citizenship of Beys Afroyim , a man born in Poland , because he had cast a vote in an Israeli election after becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen . The Supreme Court decided that Afroyim 's right to retain his citizenship was guaranteed by the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution . In so doing , the Court struck down a federal law mandating loss of U.S. citizenship for voting in a foreign election -- thereby overruling one of its own precedents , Perez v. Brownell ( 1958 ) , in which it had upheld loss of citizenship under similar circumstances less than a decade earlier . The Afroyim decision opened the way for a wider acceptance of dual ( or multiple ) citizenship in United States law . The Bancroft Treaties -- a series of agreements between the United States and other nations which had sought to limit dual citizenship following naturalization -- were eventually abandoned after the Carter administration concluded that Afroyim and other Supreme Court decisions had rendered them unenforceable . The impact of Afroyim v. Rusk was narrowed by a later case , Rogers v. Bellei ( 1971 ) , in which the Court determined that the Fourteenth Amendment safeguarded citizenship only when a person was born or naturalized in the United States , and that Congress retained authority to regulate the citizenship status of a person who was born outside the United States to an American parent . However , the specific law at issue in Rogers v. Bellei -- a requirement for a minimum period of U.S. residence that Bellei had failed to satisfy -- was repealed by Congress in 1978 . As a consequence of revised policies adopted in 1990 by the United States Department of State , it is now ( in the words of one expert ) `` virtually impossible to lose American citizenship without formally and expressly renouncing it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7de64b34dc9120bd8cfd5587ae2e8906", "text": "Governor of Vermont The Governor of the U.S. state of Vermont is the head of the government of the state . The governor is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of two years . Vermont and bordering New Hampshire are now the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every two years , instead of every four as in the other 48 states . There is no limit on the number of terms a governor can serve . If no candidate receives at least 50 percent plus one vote of all votes for governor cast in the election , the governor is then elected by the state legislature . The incumbent governor is Phil Scott . He was sworn in on Thursday January 5 , 2017 , becoming Vermont 's 82nd Governor . The governor 's working offices are located in The Pavilion in the state capital of Montpelier , Vermont . The governor 's ceremonial office , used during the legislative session of the General Assembly , is located in the Vermont State House , also in Montpelier . The Constitution of Vermont details the powers of the governor : To commission or appoint all officers ( `` except where provision is , or shall be , otherwise made by law or this Frame of Government '' ) To fill all vacancies in office until the office can be filled in the manner directed by state constitution or by state law To correspond with other States To `` transact business with officers of government , civil and military '' To `` prepare such business as may appear necessary , to lay before the General Assembly . To grant pardons and remit fines , except for cases of treason , in which the Governor may only grant reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly , and for cases of impeachment , in which the Governor can not grant either reprieves or pardons To `` take care that the laws be faithfully executed '' and `` expedite the execution of such measures as may be resolved upon by the General Assembly '' To `` draw upon the Treasury for such sums as may be appropriated by the General Assembly '' To `` lay embargoes , or prohibit the exportation of any commodity '' for up to 30 days during a recess of the General Assembly To `` grant such licenses as shall be directed by law '' To call special sessions of the General Assembly when necessary To be the `` Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief '' of the `` forces of the State '' ( the Vermont State Guard and Vermont National Guard ) , although the Governor can not `` command in person , in time of war , or insurrection , unless by the advice and consent of the Senate , and no longer than they shall approve thereof '' There is a separately-elected Lieutenant Governor of Vermont . The Lieutenant Governor becomes the new Governor , if the incumbent Governor dies , resigns or is removed ( via impeachment ) from office . The Lieutenant Governor is also the Lieutenant-General of the `` forces of the State . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e8ae07ed0caa0140d888ccc423642fb", "text": "Frank Sanders Frank Sanders is the name of : Frank P. Sanders ( 1919 -- 1997 ) , U.S. Under Secretary of the Navy Frank Sanders ( actor ) ( born 1946 ) , Dutch actor , singer , choreographer , and dancer Frank Sanders ( American football ) ( born 1973 ) , former American football player Frank Sanders ( ice hockey ) ( 1949 -- 2012 ) , American ice hockey player", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8146a9e7fd4aca78a0b74d3fe10ffed", "text": "American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) . `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky . Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . '' Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class . In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb72e396b59197836909516cbb6d1ee2", "text": "Dean Dozen The `` Dean Dozen '' in American politics , was the collective term for six groups of 12 candidates endorsed by Democracy for America , the political action committee led by former Vermont governor and presidential candidate Howard Dean , in the 2004 elections . Those chosen to be in the Dean Dozens were Democrats . Governor Dean called the Dean Dozen `` the progressive movement 's best chance at taking back Congress . '' Candidates Selected received significant promotion by progressive groups through emails , fundraisers , and speeches . Democracy for America also fundraisers for the candidates directly , using their membership of over a million citizens to seek contributions for candidates directly They came from across the U.S. and ran for widely varying positions , from county sheriff to U.S. Senator . No incumbents were chosen , and members of Dean Dozens also tended to target key districts . Candidates in bold won . In the 2012 elections Governor Dean selected a new Dean Dozen to receive the endorsement of DFA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8229d5f19a7c2e7ab051ba3ef0c31f8f", "text": "Constitution Day (United States) Constitution Day ( or Citizenship Day ) is an American federal observance that recognizes the adoption of the United States Constitution and those who have become U.S. citizens . It is normally observed on September 17 , the day in 1787 that delegates to the Constitutional Convention signed the document in Philadelphia . When Constitution Day falls on a weekend or on another holiday , schools and other institutions observe the holiday on an adjacent weekday . The law establishing the present holiday was created in 2004 with the passage of an amendment by Senator Robert Byrd to the Omnibus spending bill of 2004 . Before this law was enacted , the holiday was known as `` Citizenship Day '' . In addition to renaming the holiday `` Constitution Day and Citizenship Day , '' the act mandates that all publicly funded educational institutions , and all federal agencies , provide educational programming on the history of the American Constitution on that day . In May 2005 , the United States Department of Education announced the enactment of this law and that it would apply to any school receiving federal funds of any kind .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c3554fbd899631b509db1e70e9f222", "text": "Civil Rights Act of 1866 The Civil Rights Act of 1866 , , enacted April 9 , 1866 , was the first United States federal law to define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law . It was mainly intended to protect the civil rights of persons of African descent born in or brought to the U.S. , in the wake of the American Civil War . This legislation was enacted by Congress in 1865 but vetoed by President Andrew Johnson . In April 1866 Congress again passed the bill . Although Johnson again vetoed it , a two-thirds majority in each chamber overcame the veto and the bill therefore became law . John Bingham and some other congressmen argued that Congress did not yet have sufficient constitutional power to enact this law . Following passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 , Congress reenacted the 1866 Act in 1870 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8963257c6ec1dae9bb87b152d103b85c", "text": "New Democrats New Democrats , also called Centrist Democrats , Clinton Democrats or Moderate Democrats , are a relatively `` centrist '' ideological faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory of Republican George H. W. Bush in the 1988 presidential election . Describing themselves as `` centrist '' , they are an economically conservative and `` Third Way '' faction which dominated the party for around 20 years , starting in the late 1980s after the US populace turned much further to the political right . They are represented by organizations such as the New Democrat Network and the New Democrat Coalition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07db824f1ec50b2ff69ad41573eaa19d", "text": "Joseph F. Carlino Joseph Francis Carlino ( June 23 , 1917 -- August 13 , 2006 ) was an American lawyer and politician .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bc894503dc1f2dc99dd28373166d0141	As the World Turns is set in a fictional town.	[ { "docid": "7f3c0cd7d42e6b5ce994653a12070383", "text": "As the World Turns As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2 , 1956 , to September 17 , 2010 . Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a sister show to her other soap opera Guiding Light . Running for 54 years , As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime network soap opera on American television , surpassed only by Guiding Light . As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 . Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. . Prior to that date , all serials had been 15 minutes in length . As the World Turns and The Edge of Night , which premiered on the same day at 4:30 pm EST , were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere . At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 . In 1959 , the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years . The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 , when The Edge of Night moved to ABC . In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day . At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known . Three of these actors -- Wagner , Hastings , and Fulton -- are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas . The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 . On September 18 , 2009 , As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network . On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings . The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23 , 2010 , and with a dramatic storyline finale , its final episode on the network aired on September 17 , 2010 . On October 18 , 2010 , CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d68dcd2c855fa62c5e2bc5bac79d4a39", "text": "A Turn in the South A Turn in the South is a travelogue of the American South written by Nobel Prize-winning writer V. S. Naipaul . The book was published in 1989 and is based upon the author 's travels in the southern states of the United States . Naipaul has written fiction and non-fiction about life in the Caribbean , India , Africa and South America . In this book the subject is the U.S. , including South Carolina , Florida , Mississippi , et cetera . He discusses topics such as Martin Luther King , the economy , technology , industrialization , tourism , religion , rednecks and racism . The book works to compare the American South to its geographical neighbors , the nations of the Caribbean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0dc07a0f8227d30e244ab8ad0c8693a", "text": "Townie: A Memoir Townie -- A Memoir is a 2011 memoir by American novelist and short story writer Andre Dubus III . It details Dubus ' childhood in Haverhill , Massachusetts and his frequently turbulent relationship with his father Andre Dubus II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "841b2ac3d3ddeee20b4926ae48b23380", "text": "Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove There are 70 Grade II * listed buildings in the city of Brighton and Hove , England . The city , on the English Channel coast approximately 52 mi south of London , was formed as a unitary authority in 1997 by the merger of the neighbouring towns of Brighton and Hove . Queen Elizabeth II granted city status in 2000 . In England , a building or structure is defined as `` listed '' when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of `` special architectural or historic interest '' by the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport , a Government department , in accordance with the Planning ( Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas ) Act 1990 . English Heritage , a non-departmental public body , acts as an agency of this department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues . There are three grades of listing status . Grade I , the highest , is defined as being of `` exceptional interest '' ; Grade II * is used for `` particularly important buildings of more than special interest '' ; and Grade II , the lowest , is used for buildings of `` special interest '' . Brighton was founded on top of the sea-facing cliffs where the South Downs meet the English Channel . A series of valleys allowed transport routes to develop towards Lewes , London and other important settlements . Although Neolithic settlement has been confirmed , the Anglo-Saxons were the first permanent settlers ; the population was about 400 by the time of the Domesday survey in 1086 . Its neighbour Hove , on flatter , more fertile land to the west , developed concurrently but independently : its existence was recorded in 1288 , and two separate prebends ( similar to benefices ) existed by 1291 . Fishing , farming and smuggling drove the economy , but decline set in during the Middle Ages and persisted until the 19th century . Coastal flooding destroyed buildings on many occasions , the parish church fell into ruins , and the population -- almost all poor -- numbered about 100 in 1801 . Brighton became fashionable as a holiday destination and health resort in the mid-18th century , and royal patronage ( particularly by the flamboyant Prince Regent ) increased its popularity with high society and the upper classes . Day-trippers and longer-term visitors from other social classes soon followed , and by the early 19th century the town was Britain 's foremost seaside resort . Developments such as Royal Crescent , Regency Square , Oriental Place and Park Crescent characterised the bold architectural vision of the town 's new residents ; the design triumvirate of Amon Wilds , Amon Henry Wilds and Charles Busby were instrumental in realising these plans . Hove 's fortunes improved in line with Brighton 's success , and developments such as Palmeira Mansions and Sir Isaac Goldsmid 's Adelaide Crescent covered the fields between the ancient village of Hove and Brighton 's continuous westward expansion . The Vicar of Brighton , Rev. Henry Michell Wagner -- a wealthy , progressive clergyman with strong Anglo-Catholic views and an interest in architecture -- and his son and successor Rev. Arthur Wagner were responsible for an array of new churches throughout Brighton and Hove ( especially in poorer residential areas ) ; many are listed at Grade I , and the Grade II * - listed examples of St Martin 's and St Paul 's merely add to a stock of Victorian places of worship which has been described as one of the best outside London . Elsewhere during the Victorian era , the former parish churches of both Brighton and Hove were rebuilt ; an elaborate synagogue was provided for the Jewish population ; Roman Catholic worship became established at the Classical-style St John the Baptist 's Church ; a new parish church was established in the form of Charles Barry 's St Peter 's ; and several other churches were established . Both towns were incorporated as boroughs : Brighton in 1854 , Hove in 1898 . Expansion in the 20th century , as the urban area became a large regional centre , resulted in ancient villages being absorbed into the boroughs . Hangleton , West Blatchington , Ovingdean , Rottingdean and others had historic buildings and long-established churches of their own ; by 1928 , Acts of Parliament had brought them into `` Greater Brighton and Hove '' . In 1997 , the towns were officially united as a unitary authority ; three years later , city status was secured . Some listings include contributory fixtures such as surrounding walls or railings in front of the building . These are summarised by notes alongside the building name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56eedafee3d891ce93355f6158cfd861", "text": "Gwen Norbeck Munson Gwen Norbeck Munson is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera As the World Turns . She was introduced on March 30 , 2005 and was portrayed by Jennifer Landon until April 4 , 2008 , and again in 2010 . Landon won three Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Younger Actress in 2006 , 2007 and 2008 . Originally shown to be a poor , emancipated minor , Gwen has risen to become a strong woman with a tough exterior , but when under pressure , the uncertainty of her life prevails .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2543314bdab13acc520d192b2b5b9542", "text": "Small World (Beaumont novel) Small World is a novel by Matt Beaumont , published in 2008 . It tells the story of a group of people living in North London as their paths cross and collide in unexpected ways .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95c0a077e4439caa48890a75d0511a99", "text": "Historical United States Census totals for Piscataquis County, Maine This article shows U.S. Census totals for Piscataquis County , Maine , broken down by municipality , from 1900 to 2000 . There are two types of incorporated municipalities in Maine , towns and cities . The tables in the New England Historical U.S. Census Totals series differentiate between towns and cities ; however , there have never been any cities in Piscataquis County . Most areas of New England are entirely divided into incorporated municipalities , with no unincorporated territory . In the three northern New England states , however , some unincorporated territory does exist , generally in areas that are very sparsely populated . Maine contains significantly more unincorporated territory than the other states , with the bulk of it in interior and northern counties , including Piscataquis County . Some unincorporated territory in Maine is organized into a third type of town-level municipality unique to Maine , called a plantation ( considered to be `` organized '' , but not incorporated ) , while some is entirely unorganized . Due to the large extent of unorganized territory in Piscataquis County , separate sections with detailed historical census totals for such areas follows the main tables below . For any census , adding up the totals for each town-level municipality , including any plantations or unorganized entities , should yield the county total . For more information on the New England municipal system , see New England town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7bc0c9f18297f4d1dc1d5f0cb384a6c", "text": "Beverley Beverley is a market town , civil parish and the county town of the East Riding of Yorkshire , England . The town is noted for Beverley Minster , Beverley Westwood , North Bar ( a 15th-century gate ) and Beverley Racecourse . Its namesake serves as the origins for the cities of Beverly , Massachusetts , and , in turn , Beverly Hills in California . The town was originally known as Inderawuda and was founded around 700 AD by Saint John of Beverley during the time of the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria . After a period of Viking control , it passed to the Cerdic dynasty , a period during which it gained prominence in terms of religious importance in Great Britain . It continued to grow especially under the Normans when its trading industry was first established . A place of pilgrimage throughout the Middle Ages due to its founder , it eventually became a notable wool-trading town . Beverley was once the tenth-largest town in England , as well as one of the richest , because of its wool and the pilgrims who came to venerate its founding saint , John of Beverley . After the Reformation , the regional stature of Beverley was much reduced . In the 20th century , Beverley was the administrative centre of the local government district of the Borough of Beverley ( 1974 -- 1996 ) . It is now the county town of the East Riding , located 8 mi north-west of Hull , 10 mi east of Market Weighton and 12 mi west of Hornsea . According to the 2001 United Kingdom census the total population of the urban area of Beverley was 29,110 -- of whom 17,549 live within the historic parish boundaries . The population of the parish had risen to 18,624 at the time of the 2011 United Kingdom census . As well as its racecourse and markets , Beverley is known in the modern day for hosting various food and music festivals throughout the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26709401891875868f90b6af8429d3ae", "text": "Exeter, New Hampshire Exeter is a town in Rockingham County , New Hampshire , United States . The town 's population was 14,306 at the 2010 census . Exeter was the county seat until 1997 , when county offices were moved to neighboring Brentwood . Home to the Phillips Exeter Academy , a private university-preparatory school , Exeter is situated where the Exeter River feeds the tidal Squamscott River . The urban portion of the town , where 9,242 people resided at the 2010 census , is defined by the U. S. Census Bureau as the Exeter census-designated place . Exeter is named after the historic city in Devon , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c74753f71cc76aa2ef85c4c405459cb9", "text": "Tourism fiction Tourism fiction is a genre of fiction that is written to generate tourism to specific areas and places . This is done by setting the fiction in real attractions and including short travel guides within the story showing readers how to visit the real places . Tourism fiction can often be confused with literary tourism . Literary tourism refers to the tourism that naturally develops around places from famous literary works and authors , but tourism fiction refers to modern works written to specifically promote tourism . Tourism fiction has taken advantage of modern technological advances in publishing , such as digital books with embedded web links . Digital tourism fiction novels and short story can offer readers direct web links inside the work that lead to the websites of the real attractions . This can be done on new devices like the Kindle , iPad , iPhone , desktop or laptop computers , and other smart phones and tablet devices . The first tourism fiction novel with a fully integrated digital travel guide was Blind Fate by Patrick Brian Miller , published on Kindle in 2010 . That novel was set in Montgomery , Alabama , and offered the first tourism guide with embedded web links inside the story that led to real websites . Other tourism fiction novels are being developed that will include such travel guides in both print and digital editions . The first classic novel to take advantage of tourism fiction technology was F. Scott Fitzgerald 's This Side of Paradise : Interactive Tourism Edition , which offered tourism guides to the original novel 's setting of Princeton University , where Fitzgerald attended in real life . The tourism edition also linked readers to the website of the F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald Museum in Montgomery , Alabama , where Fitzgerald fell in love with his future wife Zelda Sayre . The first website to offer online guides with links to the real settings of modern novels was the Southeastern Literary Tourism Initiative ( SELTI ) , launched in 2009 . SELTI offered online readers tourism fiction articles with excerpts from tourism-themed novels , photos of the real places , and short travel guides with links going to the websites of the real places . The role of tourism fiction has become more important since the start of the Great Recession and with fears of another recession soon . State and city governments are looking for ways to generate more tourism revenue to meet the needs of shrinking budgets that fund vital public programs . The SELTI project has received resource assistance , such as photos , from the United States federal government , several state governments , and many municipal governments in developing tourism profiles for fictional books set in real places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ca965cff54f65968654cde305a2b6ad", "text": "Rita Walter Rita Walter ( née McLaughlin ; March 8 , 1951 , Brooklyn , New York ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Carol Deming on the popular soap opera As the World Turns , which she played from May 1970 to December 1981 . Originally credited by her maiden name , Rita McLaughlin , she made her acting debut in the 1960s on The Patty Duke Show , in the uncredited role of Patty Duke 's double . Prior to that , she was also one of Don Herbert 's child assistants in the Watch Mr. Wizard television series and was featured in a TV commercial for Phillips Milk of Magnesia in 1967 . Walter 's first daytime soap role was in 1966 as the original Wendy Phillips on The Secret Storm , but it would be a short stint . Four years later , in May 1970 , she joined the ATWT cast as Carol Deming ( and her later married names Hughes Stallings Andropoulos Frazier ) until her exit from the serial on Christmas Day 1981 . She also appeared in the 1985 movie Cry From the Mountain . Today , Walter , who has been married to Reverend Norman Walter since 1976 , is an optician working at Brunner Opticians in Westfield , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "598afaab9cd5baad77089e84032d056d", "text": "Conard Fowkes Conard Fowkes ( born 4 January 1933 in Washington D.C - died 14 December 2009 in Manhattan , New York City ) was an American actor . He is most known for his roles in various soap operas . He appeared on Kitty Foyle , The Edge of Night , The Secret Storm , Hidden Faces , Search for Tomorrow , Dark Shadows , A Flame in the Wind ( later re-titled A Time for Us ) , and was the last actor to portray Donald Hughes on As the World Turns , a role he played from 1978 to 1981 and again in 1986 and 1988 . Conard Fowkes was elected to Equity 's Council in 1973 , and served as the AEA 's secretary/treasurer from 1988 to May 2009 . In 1977 , he co-founded VITA ( AEA 's Volunteer Income Tax Assistance program ) , which assisted thousands of AEA members with their income taxes . His advocacy also led to the creation of the Qualified Performing Artist deduction in the Federal Tax Code in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e084df23593011342b3bbd6cf3b4d2b", "text": "Winoka Winoka is a fictional town in Dakota Territory , in Michael Landon 's Little House on the Prairie television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75108c0156afac2014b486416ef9318c", "text": "Milton (town), New York Milton is a town in Saratoga County , New York , United States . The population was 17,103 at the 2000 census . Some believe that the town was named after the poet , John Milton , while other sources state that it is a shortening of `` Mill-town '' for the early mill activity . The Town of Milton is an interior town in the central part of the county . Milton is southwest of Saratoga Springs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "277cf111f6924cfe55c04143075cfb1d", "text": "Stars Hollow Stars Hollow is a fictional town in Connecticut featured on the television show Gilmore Girls . It is depicted as a close-knit community with many quirky characteristics , located roughly thirty minutes from Hartford . The show 's creators borrowed elements of Washington Depot , Connecticut ; Kent , Connecticut ; and New Milford , Connecticut to create the town , which is actually a set constructed on the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c86669ee13eb97c75588e356a92a2513", "text": "Middletown (New Rochelle) Middletown is a former hamlet of the Town of New Rochelle in Westchester County , New York . The hamlet took shape in the central portion of New Rochelle , extended along North Avenue from the vicinity of Rochelle Park to the southerly boundary of the Wykagyl Country Club grounds . The origin of the name is traceable to a division of the town road districts . As early as 1747 , there were two main districts : `` upper '' and `` below '' . An increase in population after the Revolutionary War warranted the further subdivision of the town into five road districts in 1787 . One was named `` Middle '' to distinguish it from the `` Upper '' , `` Waterside '' and `` Town '' districts . By this time the district had become quite well built up so as to make the term `` town '' appropriate . Hence it became `` Middletown '' . The name was so appropriate to the hamlet that it was indicated on road maps beginning in 1789 . There was at least one tavern in the hamlet , the Bayeux Tavern , which was located opposite the entrance to present day Paine Avenue . The tavern was of considerable importance to the community at the time . Just across the road was the farm and cottage of Thomas Paine . There were several minor industries in the hamlet as well . Jacob Coutant had a chair factory located west of North Avenue which was powered by water from Stephenson Brook which flowed into Huguenot Lake . A number of mechanics operated shops on their small farms , and in the vicinity of the present Fifth Avenue where the houses were quite close together . A school had been established just above the present Paine Avenue before the Revolution , and in 1809 it was removed to the junction of Eastchester Road . There being no public school law in the State of New York in force at the time , this new `` Middle School '' was erected by popular subscription pursuant to a resolution adopted by the citizens living within the hamlet , many of whom contributed the necessary labor , materials and financing . Upon the enactment of a new school law by the State in 1812 it was appropriated for a legalized public school for the hamlet . By 1815 the ' Middle School District ' boundaries were laid out , significantly extending the town limits of `` Middletown '' . The school was removed out of the hamlet in 1829 to a new building on Mechanic Street , and , from that point on , the growth of the Village of New Rochelle along the Turnpike Road ( now Main Street ) came at the expense of other parts of the town . `` Middletown '' gradually lapsed back into a farming district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "589d9f7a6afc3708d11fad4583bbc0b0", "text": "Utopian and dystopian fiction The utopia and its derivative , the dystopia , are genres of literature that explore social and political structures . Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author 's ethos , having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers . Dystopian ( or dystopic ) fiction ( sometimes combined with , but distinct from apocalyptic literature ) is the opposite : the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author 's ethos . Many novels combine both , often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take , depending on its choices , ending up with one of two possible futures . Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative fiction genres , and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction . More than 400 utopian works were published prior to the year 1900 in the English language alone , with more than a thousand others during the twentieth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5ececf445cfe6add4e1dd9c2789c6e3", "text": "Wellington, Somerset Wellington is a small industrial town in rural Somerset , England , situated 7 mi south west of Taunton in the Taunton Deane district , near the border with Devon , which runs along the Blackdown Hills to the south of the town . The town has a population of 14,549 , which includes the residents of the parish of Wellington Without , and the villages of Tone and Tonedale . Known as Weolingtun in the Anglo-Saxon period , its name had changed to Walintone by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086 . Wellington became a town under a royal charter of 1215 and during the Middle Ages it grew as a centre for trade on the road from Bristol to Exeter . Major rebuilding took place following a fire in the town in 1731 , after which it became a centre for cloth-making . Wellington gave its name to the first Duke of Wellington , Arthur Wellesley , who is commemorated by the nearby Wellington Monument . The Grand Western Canal reached the town in 1835 and then the Bristol and Exeter Railway in 1843 . The town 's own railway station survived until 1964 . Wellington was home of Fox , Fowler and Company , which was the last commercial bank permitted to print their own sterling banknotes in England and Wales . In the 20th century closer links with Taunton meant that many of the residents of Wellington commuted there for work , and the M5 motorway enabled car journeys to be made more easily . Local industries , which now include an aerosol factory and bed manufacturers , are celebrated at the Wellington Museum in Fore street . Wellington is home to the independent Wellington School , and state-funded Court Fields School . It is also home to a range of cultural , sporting and religious sites including the 15th century Church of St John the Baptist . The capital city of New Zealand is named after Arthur Wellesley , 1st Duke of Wellington , thus his title comes from the town of Wellington , Somerset , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f297542104d3e99248d4b87e5ce185f3", "text": "Royston, Hertfordshire Royston is a town and civil parish in the District of North Hertfordshire and county of Hertfordshire in England . It is situated on the Greenwich Meridian , which brushes the town 's eastern boundary , and at the northernmost apex of the county on the same latitude as towns such as Milton Keynes and Ipswich . It is located 43 mi north of central London in a rural area . Before the boundary changes of the 1890s , the boundary between Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire ran east -- west through the centre of town along the middle of Melbourn Street . The town has a population of 15,781 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8f8191947878edc1826d5c34c287211c	Attack on Titan began in Kodansha's Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine on September 9, 2009.	[ { "docid": "d5c1e912d0b7b48ef7aa05552bd64e77", "text": "Attack on Titan is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama . The series began in Kodansha 's Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine on September 9 , 2009 , and has been collected into 22 tankōbon volumes as of April 2017 . It is set in a world where humanity lives in cities surrounded by enormous walls ; a defense against the Titans , gigantic humanoids that eat humans seemingly without reason . The story initially centers on Eren Yeager , his adopted sister Mikasa Ackerman and childhood friend Armin Arlert , who join the military to fight the Titans after their home town is invaded and Eren 's mother is eaten . However , as the story progresses and the truths about the Titans are slowly revealed to the reader , the narrative shifts to encompass Historia Reiss , squad leader Levi , Eren 's father Grisha , and other supporting characters . The spin-off light novel series Before the Fall began in December 2011 and has received a manga adaptation . Two additional light novel series and four additional spin-off manga series have also been created . An anime television adaptation produced by Wit Studio and Production I.G aired in Japan on MBS between April and September 2013 and a second season of the series premiered in April 2017 . Four video game adaptations developed by Nitroplus staffers in collaboration with Production I.G were announced to be released as bonus content for the third and sixth volumes of the Blu-ray Disc release of the anime , with another game developed by Spike Chunsoft for the Nintendo 3DS . A two-part live-action film adaptation , Attack on Titan and Attack on Titan : End of the World , and a live-action web-series were released in 2015 . An anime adaptation of the Junior High spin-off manga , produced by Production I.G , began airing in October 2015 . Attack on Titan and all five spin-off manga are published in North America by Kodansha Comics USA , while the three novel series are published by Vertical . The anime has been licensed by Funimation for North America , by Manga Entertainment for the UK , and by Madman Entertainment for Australasia . Attack on Titan has become a commercial success . As of April 2017 , the manga has 66 million copies in print . The release of the anime also saw a boost in the series ' popularity , with it having received widespread critical acclaim for its atmosphere and story . Although it also gained fame in neighboring Asian countries , the series ' themes have been a subject of controversy .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "23b6189fa46ea53cf570670c93879a5d", "text": "Alive: The Final Evolution is a manga series written by Tadashi Kawashima and illustrated by Adachitoka . The series premiered in Monthly Shōnen Magazine in October 2003 . Tadashi finished the series on his sickbed in February 2010 and the final chapter was published in the March issue of the Monthly Shōnen Magazine , although he died soon after . The chapters were later collected by Kodansha and released in 21 tankōbon bound volumes . Del Rey Manga licensed series for an English localization and released eight volumes as of November 2009 . In July 2016 , Kodansha Comics USA took over North American release of the series digitally only . An anime adaptation for the series was planned and to be produced by Gonzo and co-produced by Anime International Company , but the adaptation was canceled due to Gonzo being delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8afc8f6ede5eb19cd60d9f8095ab2269", "text": "Heroman is a manga/anime series created by Marvel 's Stan Lee ( story ) , Tamon Ohta ( characters ) , and Bones ( animation ) . The manga is published in Square Enix 's magazine Monthly Shōnen Gangan and began serialization in September 2009 , while the anime series premiered on April 1 , 2010 , on TV Tokyo and related stations . Stan Lee came up with the series ' basic plot , referring to the series and character as `` a new hero for the 21st century '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f4d551059e547374a438edce434fac9", "text": "Amatsuki is an ongoing manga series by Shinobu Takayama , serialized in Monthly Comic Zero Sum . A 13 episode anime adaptation produced by Studio Deen premiered on April 4 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fb8602c4011c93c506f0cea59029875", "text": "List of The Prince of Tennis chapters The chapters of The Prince of Tennis manga series are written and illustrated by Takeshi Konomi , and were serialized in Japan 's manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from July 1999 to March 2008 . A sequel to the series entitled New Prince of Tennis began serialization in Japan in the monthly magazine Jump Square on March 4 , 2009 . The story centers around a cocky tennis prodigy named Ryoma Echizen , who , upon his father 's urging , enrolls in a private middle school called Seishun Academy ( `` Seigaku '' for short ) , which , besides being famous for its strong tennis team , is his father 's alma mater . The storyline of the first manga series revolves around Seigaku striving to become the National middle school tennis champions , while the sequel takes place several months after their National victory . The Prince of Tennis manga spans a total of 379 chapters ( 380 if chapter `` 0 '' is included ) , which have been collected into 42 tankōbon volumes . Shueisha distributed these volumes in Japan , with the first volume being released on January 7 , 2000 , and the last on June 4 , 2008 . Each of the chapters are referred to as a `` Genius '' , with the exception of chapters 245 to 247 which are primarily referred to as the `` Wild '' chapters since they are told from a different character 's point of view . The sequel 's chapters are each referred to as a `` Golden Age '' . Three official fan books were also released by Shueisha , as well as one illustration book . Kenichi Sakura created a short tribute manga entitled The Prince of Afterschool , which began serialization in Jump Square in November 2008 . The series has been adapted into several forms of other media including an 178 episode anime series directed by Takayuki Hamana that aired from October 2001 to March 2005 , and a series of subsequent OVAs released onto several DVDs . The anime , combined with the OVAs , roughly covers the storyline of the first manga series . It also spawned an ongoing series of musicals , as well as two featured films : one original animated film and the other being a live-action which loosely follows the events of the first eighteen volumes . Viz Media licensed the series and distributes an English version of the manga in North America under the Shonen Jump imprint . The first English language volume was released on May 19 , 2004 , and as of May 5 , 2009 , Viz has released a total of thirty-one volumes , with the next expected to be released in July . The English anime adaptation debuted in North America as streaming media on Toonami Jetstream on July 14 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "903e730edbaa22d325e11758c35b29af", "text": "List of Fist of the North Star chapters The manga Hokuto no Ken ( known as Fist of the North Star in its English editions ) by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara was originally published by Shueisha in the magazine Weekly Shonen Jump from 1983 to 1988 , and the series was subsequently reprinted in 27 collected editions ( tankōbon ) under the Jump Comics imprint . During the 1990s , Shueisha reprinted Hokuto no Ken in 15 hardcover aizōban editions , as well as 15 corresponding economy-sized bunko editions . After Tetsuo Hara left Shueisha , other companies started reprinting the manga under license from Hara 's new employer Coamix . A 31-volume tankōbon was published by Shinchosha under the Bunch World imprint from 2001 to 2002 , followed by a 12-volume conbini comic edition published by Tokuma Shoten under the Tokuma Favorite Comics imprint in 2004 . A 14-volume Kanzenban edition was published by Shogakukan in 2006 under the Big Comics Selection imprint , featuring the original water-colored artwork and opening pages from the Weekly Shōnen Jump serialization . It has also been released in 27-volume e-book edition . In 2013 , the kyūkyokuban or `` Extreme Edition '' began publication by Tokuma Shoten under the `` Zenon Comics DX '' imprint . This 18-volume edition , in addition to featuring all the pages from both , the tankōbon and kanzenban edition , has new cover artwork by Tetsuo Hara himself for each volume , as well as a new 30th anniversary-themed chapter titled Hokuto no Ken : Last Piece , which is included in Volume 11 . Viz Communications published the first sixteen chapters of Fist of the North Star in English as an eight-issue monthly comic in 1989 , which were later reprinted in a single graphic novel collection in 1995 . During that same year , Viz resumed publication of the series as a monthly comic until 1997 , lasting eighteen issues ( spanning chapters 17-44 ) , which were subsequently reprinted in three additional graphic novels . The license was later acquired by Gutsoon ! Entertainment , which published a new translation of the series in the form of a `` Master Edition '' featuring newly colorized artwork and retained the original right-to-left orientation of the art , as well as new cover artwork by Tetsuo Hara from the fourth volume and onward . Fist of the North Star : Master Edition was published from 2002 to 2003 , lasting only nine volumes , due to Gutsoon ! 's withdrawal from the North American market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2826987e7a4307a3e5c7b80d9070c9dd", "text": "Shōnen manga is manga aimed at a young male audience . The age group varies with individual readers and different magazines , but it is primarily intended for boys between the ages of 8 to 18 . The kanji characters literally mean `` boy '' ( or `` youth '' ) , and the characters mean `` cartoon '' or `` comic '' . Thus , the complete phrase means `` young person 's comic '' , or simply `` boys ' comic '' ; its female equivalent is shōjo manga . Shōnen manga is the most popular form of manga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ef6f42b48bb3cdb4ff78b174687b9f3", "text": "Knights of Sidonia is a mecha manga series by Tsutomu Nihei , serialized by Kodansha in their magazine Afternoon between April 2009 and September 2015 , localized in English by Vertical . An anime television series adaptation , produced by Polygon Pictures , aired between April and June 2014 and a second season aired between April and June 2015 . The localized series is available for streaming exclusively on Netflix in all its territories as part of its original programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "620f36b0d7cb3129c24d233a87b4ddca", "text": "Angel Beats! is a 13-episode Japanese anime television series produced by P.A.Works and Aniplex and directed by Seiji Kishi . The story was originally conceived by Jun Maeda , who also wrote the screenplay and composed the music with the group Anant-Garde Eyes , with original character design by Na-Ga ; both Maeda and Na-Ga are from the visual novel brand Key , who produced such titles as Kanon , Air , and Clannad . The anime aired in Japan between April 3 and June 26 , 2010 . An original video animation ( OVA ) episode was released in December 2010 , and a second OVA was released in June 2015 . The story takes place in the afterlife and focuses on Otonashi , a boy who lost his memories of his life after dying . He is enrolled into the afterlife school and meets a girl named Yuri who invites him to join the Afterlife Battlefront , an organization she leads which fights against the student council president Angel , a girl with supernatural powers . Key worked in collaboration with ASCII Media Works ' Dengeki G 's Magazine to produce the project into a media franchise . Three manga series are serialized in Dengeki G 's Magazine and Dengeki G 's Comic : two illustrated by Haruka Komowata , and one drawn by Yuriko Asami . A series of illustrated short stories written by Maeda and illustrated by GotoP were also serialized in Dengeki G 's Magazine between the November 2009 and May 2010 issues . Two Internet radio shows were produced to promote Angel Beats ! . The first volume in a six-part episodic visual novel adaptation produced by Key was released for Windows on June 26 , 2015 . Angel Beats ! received generally positive reviews by critics . The integration of various individual elements together , such as musical performances , humor and action , was commended in one review but panned in another , saying that the story was overloaded with too many elements . P.A.Works was praised for the animation of the action sequences and attention to detail with the weapons used . A major flaw noted by critics , however , is that the anime is too short , which leaves many of the characters with untold back-stories . The anime was selected as a recommended work by the awards jury of the 14th Japan Media Arts Festival in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2e3e3f027bf990ad51e3f00d5d8cbc4", "text": "Weekly Shōnen Sunday is a weekly shōnen manga magazine published in Japan by Shogakukan since March 1959 . Contrary to its title , Weekly Shōnen Sunday issues are released on Wednesdays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2946defa55cd8ff8b0f1403a502ab3b", "text": "Gutsoon! Entertainment Gutsoon ! Entertainment , Inc. is a now defunct publisher of English translated manga . The company , headquartered in Encino , Los Angeles , served as the US subsidiary of Coamix , which was founded by Nobuhiko Horie and manga artist Tsukasa Hojo . The company published the English manga anthology Raijin Comics , a U.S. equivalent to the Japanese Weekly Comic Bunch and published many of the same titles ( Fist of the Blue Sky and City Hunter ) , as well titles from other magazines such as the Japanese Weekly Shōnen Jump . Raijin Comics began as a weekly magazine with its first issue ( dated December 18 , 2002 ) , but switched to being a monthly publication beginning with its 36th issue ( dated September 2003 ) . Gutsoon ! also published a companion magazine to Raijin Comics , titled Raijin Game & Anime ( originally called Fujin Magazine ) , which lasted only 20 issues before being merged into the pages of Raijin Comics . The collected volumes of Raijin Comics titles were published under the Raijin Graphic Novels imprint . Raijin Comics also has a mascot called `` Raijin Maru '' . Before the company 's fall they were also planning to make a shōjo manga magazine called Smile Magazine . On March 15 , 2004 , Gutsoon ! announced that they will be placing their Rajin Comics brand on hiatus . Raijin Comics ceased publication with its July 2004 issue ( issue # 46 ) and the Raijin Graphic Novels line was subsequently cancelled as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d252a80ebbff69ee69bfa9be471d60e", "text": "Saikyō Jump is a Japanese bimonthly shōnen manga magazine published by Shueisha . The magazine was started on December 3 , 2010 with three completely original titles and seven spin-off manga from series in Weekly Shōnen Jump and V Jump . Originally a quarterly magazine , Saikyō Jump became a monthly publication in December 2011 , before switching to its current bimonthly schedule with the November 2014 issue . The magazine 's mascot was created by Eiichiro Oda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "599b1999d806bdc08f3ff6b5a10783c0", "text": "Hunter × Hunter is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Togashi . It has been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine and journal since March 3 , 1998 , although the manga has frequently gone on extended hiatuses since 2006 . As of June 2016 , 350 chapters have been collected into 33 volumes by Shueisha . The story focuses on a young boy named Gon Freecss , who discovers that his father , who he was told was dead , is actually alive and a world-renowned Hunter , a licensed profession for those who specialize in fantastic pursuits such as locating rare or unidentified animal species , treasure hunting , surveying unexplored enclaves , or hunting down lawless individuals . Despite being abandoned by his father , Gon departs upon a journey to follow in his footsteps , pass the rigorous Hunter Examination , and eventually find his father . Along the way , Gon meets various other Hunters and also encounters the paranormal . The original inspiration for the manga came from Togashi 's own collecting hobby . In 1999 , Hunter × Hunter was adapted into a 62-episode anime television series produced by Nippon Animation and directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi . The show premiered on Japan 's Fuji TV and ran until 2001 . Three separate original video animations ( OVAs ) totaling 30 episodes were subsequently produced by Nippon Animation and released in Japan from 2002 to 2004 . A second anime television series by Madhouse aired on Nippon Television from October 2011 to September 2014 , with two animated theatrical films released in 2013 . There are also numerous audio albums , video games , musicals , and other media based on Hunter × Hunter . The manga has been translated into English and released in North America by Viz Media since April 2005 . Both television series were also licensed by Viz , with the first series having aired on the Funimation Channel in 2009 and the second series premiering on Adult Swim 's Toonami block since April 16 , 2016 . Hunter × Hunter has been a huge critical and financial success and has become one of Shueisha 's best-selling manga series , having sold 66 million copies in Japan alone as of 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e3a69cb525aa63537651a2281bd574c", "text": "List of Monster chapters Written and illustrated by Naoki Urasawa , Monster was published in Big Comic Original from December 1994 to December 2001 . The 162 chapters were periodically collected into 18 tankōbon volumes published by Shogakukan , the first on 30 June 1995 and the last on 28 February 2002 . While writing Monster , Urasawa began the series 20th Century Boys in 1999 , which would continue after Monster had finished . Monster was licensed in North America by Viz Media , who published all 18 volumes between 21 February 2006 and 16 December 2008 . They will begin re-releasing the series in a two-in-one volume format in July 2014 , titled Monster : The Perfect Edition , with a new volume published every three months . The series has also received domestic releases in other countries , such as in Germany by Egmont Manga & Anime , in France and the Netherlands by Kana , in Spain by Planeta DeAgostini , in Brazil by Conrad Editora and later by Panini Comics , in Argentina by Larp Editores , in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing , in Mexico by Grupo Editorial Vid , and in Poland by Hanami .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61498b475d60a3ce20f48134a3db9086", "text": "List of Soul Eater chapters Soul Eater is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Atsushi Okubo . The series follows the adventures of three students at a school called the Death Weapon Meister Academy ( or DWMA for short ) , known as meisters , who use demon weapon companions with human and weapon forms . These meisters , Maka Albarn , Black Star , and Death the Kid , seek to turn their weapons , Soul Eater , Tsubaki , and the Thompson sisters respectively , into `` death scythes '' for Lord Death , the Grim Reaper and head of the DWMA , by having their weapons consume the souls of 99 evil humans and one witch . The manga initially began as three separate one-shots serialized between June 24 , 2003 and November 26 , 2003 in two manga magazines published by Square Enix . The first one-shot was published in the summer 2003 special edition of Gangan Powered , the second following in the autumn 2003 special edition of the same magazine , and the third serialized in Gangan Wing . The manga started regular serialization in Square Enix 's Monthly Shōnen Gangan magazine on May 12 , 2004 . The first tankōbon was released by Square Enix under their Gangan Comics imprint on June 22 , 2004 in Japan ; as of December 12 , 2013 , 25 volumes have been released . The series is published in English by Yen Press , and is serialized in Yen Press ' Yen Plus manga anthology magazine . The first issue of Yen Plus was released on July 29 , 2008 . An anime adaptation of the manga , produced by Bones and Aniplex , aired on TV Tokyo between April 7 , 2008 and March 30 , 2009 and contained 51 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faa10678a3e3f6f6ef75262371dfabd7", "text": "List of Kurokami: The Animation episodes Kurokami : The Animation is an anime series adapted from the manga of the same title originally published by Square Enix and serialized in Young Gangan . Produced by Sunrise and directed by directed by Tsuneo Kobayashi , the series had an advance screening of episode 1 on December 27 , 2008 before it began broadcasting on TV Asahi on January 8 , 2009 . The anime 's opening song `` Sympathizer '' is sung by Minami Kuribayashi and the ending song `` Irodori no Nai Sekai '' by Yōsei Teikoku with the second opening song `` tRANCE '' done by GRANRODEO . The second ending song `` Gekkou no Chigiri '' is also sung by Yōsei Teikoku also . The show centers on Keita Ibuki , who is portrayed as a high school student instead of a computer programmer from the manga , being drawn in a secret conflict concerning the Mototsumitamas . Together with Kuro and Akane , Keita tries to find out why his mother died after seeing her double and find out who wants to destabilize the coexistence balance on Earth . Word of an anime adaptation of Black God came from Young Gangan 's 20th issue with the announcement regarding the creation of Kurokami : The Animation . A promotional video of Kurokami : The Animation was broadcast on the internet . Bandai Entertainment announced that Kurokami : The Animation was officially licensed in North America , and would air first on January 8 , 2009 simultaneously in Japan on TV Asahi and in the United States on ImaginAsian , followed by South Korea on January 9 , 2009 on AniBOX . Also on May 18 , Bandai Entertainment uploaded onto YouTube and Crunchyroll the first 19 episodes as well as the special in English Dubbed form . Later episodes were episode on a week-by-week basis ; the entire series is currently available to watch online on YouTube . In the 2009 Comic-Con convention , Bandai has announced that Kurokami will see a Blu-ray release aside from DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5845d9c95ee98c616367115a238ecf6a", "text": "Kemeko Deluxe! is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by manga author Masakazu Iwasaki . The manga began serialization in the monthly shōnen manga magazine Dengeki Comic Gao ! on October 27 , 2005 , and is published by MediaWorks . The first episode of the anime adaptation was broadcast on October 4 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640d6e53097fdd64afef812987c0333e", "text": "Eat-Man is a Japanese manga series created by Akihito Yoshitomi in 1996 which was serialized by MediaWorks monthly in 19 volumes until 2002 manga magazine Dengeki Comic Gao ! . In 1997 Studio Deen adapted the manga into a 12 episode anime television series which was broadcast in Japan from January 9 to March 27 , 1997 on TV Tokyo . A sequel , Eat-Man ' 98 , was also animated by Studio Deen and ran from October 8 to December 23 , 1998 . Both anime series are licensed in North America by Bandai Entertainment and the manga series was licensed by Viz Communications before it was dropped .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "303d4e6a5a4c08a1ff6c6272ae8254b8", "text": "Venus Versus Virus is a Japanese manga series created by Atsushi Suzumi which was first serialized on June 27 , 2005 in MediaWorks ' shōnen manga magazine Dengeki Comic Gao ! . The manga ended serialization in Dengeki Comic Gao ! on February 27 , 2008 due to the magazine 's discontinuation , but the manga continued serialization in ASCII Media Works ' manga magazine Dengeki Daioh between March 21 and July 26 , 2008 . Eight bound volumes have been released by ASCII Media Works in Japan . The manga has been licensed for English language distribution by North American -- based company Seven Seas Entertainment ; the first volume was released in July 2007 . Later , a drama CD was created based on the manga series in October 2006 . The series has since been adapted into an anime produced by Studio Hibari that aired in Japan between January and March 2007 on BS-i , containing twelve episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6a459ecc0e9b46c180e5f3926b8fc3c", "text": "My Hero Academia is a Japanese superhero manga series written and illustrated by Kōhei Horikoshi . It has been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump since July 2014 , and 13 volumes have been collected in tankōbon format . The series has been licensed for English-language release by Viz Media , and began serialization in their weekly digital manga anthology Weekly Shonen Jump on February 9 , 2015 . The story follows Izuku Midoriya , a boy born without superpowers in a world where they are the norm , but who still dreams of becoming a superhero himself , and is scouted by the world 's greatest hero who shares his powers with Izuku after recognizing his value and enrolls him in a high school for heroes in training . The manga was adapted into an anime television series ; the first season aired from April 3 to June 26 , 2016 , and a second season premiered on April 1 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c0f603b733483af8673ac6e6e8285d8", "text": "Ga-Rei , also simply known as Ga-Rei or Ga-rei , is a supernatural action manga by . It has been serialized by Kadokawa Shoten in the magazine Monthly Shōnen Ace and collected in twelve tankōbon volumes . The English version was then released digitally on BookWalker on October 29 , 2014 . A prequel anime series , Ga-Rei : Zero , aired from October 5 , 2008 to December 21 , 2008 , which details the backstory of key characters Kagura and Yomi .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2c7534228f0a029e814f2036d3d8d021	Rogue has a foster mother.	[ { "docid": "8fe3e3cccafe29a18092f4ebc91e8712", "text": "Rogue (comics) Rogue is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics , commonly in association with the X-Men . The character debuted in Avengers Annual # 10 ( November 1981 ) as a villain , but then soon after she joined the X-Men . Rogue is part of a subspecies of humans called mutants , who are born with superhuman abilities . Rogue has the involuntary ability to absorb and sometimes also remove the memories , physical strength , and superpowers of anyone she touches . Therefore , Rogue considers her powers to be a curse . For most of her life , she limited her physical contact with others , including her on-off love interest , Gambit . However , after many years , Rogue finally gained full control over her mutant ability . Hailing from the fictional Caldecott County , Mississippi , Rogue is the X-Men 's self-described southern belle . A runaway , she was adopted by Mystique of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants and grew up as a villain . After Rogue permanently absorbs Ms. Marvel 's psyche and Kree powers , she reforms and turns to the X-Men , fearing for her sanity . Rogue 's real name and early history were not revealed until nearly 20 years after her introduction . Until the back story provided by Robert Rodi in the ongoing Rogue series , which began in September 2004 , Rogue 's background was only hinted at . Her name was revealed as Anna Marie , although her surname is still unknown . She has sometimes adopted the name Raven , which is the first name of her foster mother Mystique . Rogue has been one of the most prominent members of the X-Men since the 1980s . She was # 5 on IGN 's Top 25 X-Men list for 2006 , # 4 on their Top Ten X-Babes list for 2006 , # 3 on Marvel 's list of Top 10 Toughest Females for 2009 and was given title of # 1 X-Man on CBR 's Top 50 X-Men of All Time for 2008 . She was ranked tenth in Comics Buyer 's Guide 's `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list . Rogue has been featured in most of the X-Men animated series , and various video games . In the X-Men film series , she is portrayed by Anna Paquin . Her visual cue is often the white streak that runs through her hair .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b43073814a4c1438395bfdf85b671bdd", "text": "Orphan An orphan ( from the ορφανός orphanós ) is a child whose parents are dead or have permanently abandoned the child . In common usage , only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan . When referring to animals , only the mother 's condition is usually relevant . If she has gone , the offspring is an orphan , regardless of the father 's condition . Those who have reached adulthood before their parents died are not called orphans ; the term is generally reserved for children whose parents have died while they are too young to support themselves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3baaa4b3fa228fbd1320836d76c4cd15", "text": "Gertrude Yorkes Gertrude Yorkes ( self-referred to as Arsenic ) , is a fictional superhero in the Marvel Comics Runaways . She was created by author Brian K. Vaughan & artist Adrian Alphona , and debuted in Runaways # 1 with most of the other main characters . Like every member of the original Runaways , she is the daughter of evil villains with special abilities ; in Gert 's case , time-travellers . Gertrude , often called `` Gert '' for short , is often regarded as the most `` book-smart '' of the Runaways yet also the most sarcastic and cynical . She has socialist leanings and is ethnically Jewish but spiritually agnostic . Gert is known for her sarcastic one-liners , glasses , and purple-dyed hair . She stands at a rough height of 5 ' 1 '' and weighs 125 lb . In 2008 , Marvel.com named Gert 's death as the sixth out of ten best deaths in Marvel Comics history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "357cf0da5a13f668ffb93c707cae1683", "text": "Nina Webster Nina Webster is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless , portrayed by Tricia Cast . She was introduced during the episode airing on June 26 , 1986 as a pregnant teenager whom Christine Blair ( Lauralee Bell ) befriends . Cast remained a regular cast member for fifteen years before asking for a contract release and departing onscreen in February 2001 . In 2008 , the actress returned for several guest spots , and the following year , she returned for a bigger storyline , and has continued to make occasional appearances . Cast described Nina as `` someone who is confused generally '' . After her child was stolen from her hands at birth , Nina was later involved in a romance with Phillip Chancellor III ( Thom Bierdz ) , which resulted in another child , Phillip Chancellor IV ( John Driscoll ) . Phillip III then died -- which many years later proved to be faked -- and Nina raised Phillip IV as a single mother . She became a novelist and screenwriter , also having marriages to David Kimble ( Michael Corbett ) and Ryan McNeil ( Scott Reeves ) . Nina was also involved with a man named Tomas Del Cerro ( Francesco Quinn ) , a publisher interested in a novel of hers about her stolen son . In 2010 , Nina met her long lost son , revealed to be Ronan Malloy ( Jeff Branson ) . In 1992 , Cast won a Daytime Emmy Award for her portrayal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f439fa95dc3d19bba9125af08d23414", "text": "Minsc Minsc -LSB- ˈmɪnsk -RSB- is a fictional character in the Baldur 's Gate series of Dungeons & Dragons role-playing video games developed by BioWare . He originated from the pen-and-paper Dungeons & Dragons sessions held by the lead designer of Baldur 's Gate , James Ohlen , and was expanded upon by the game 's lead writer , Lukas Kristjanson . His video game debut was in Baldur 's Gate as a companion character who can join the player 's party . He also appears in the sequel , Baldur 's Gate II : Shadows of Amn , the expansion , Baldur 's Gate II : Throne of Bhaal , and the 2015 game Baldur 's Gate : Siege of Dragonspear , as well as in promotions relating to the titles . Minsc is voiced by Jim Cummings in his video game appearances . In the storyline , Minsc is a ranger , originally tasked with serving as a bodyguard to the witch Dynaheir as part of a `` dajemma '' ( rite of passage ) . When Dynaheir is captured by gnolls , Minsc asks the player to help free her , after which both characters are available to assist the player . Eventually , the player 's party is captured and when Dynaheir is killed by the mage Jon Irenicus , Minsc teams with the player in the pursuit of justice . A berserker , he has a strong desire to uphold good and be heroic , though with an extreme fervor that causes those around him to regard him as possibly insane . His animal companion is a hamster named Boo , with whom he often consults . Since his introduction , Minsc has been regarded as one of the best and most popular elements of the Baldur 's Gate games because of his demeanor and attachment to Boo , according to reviewers from IGN , GameSpot , and Eurogamer . Other reviewers from publications such as CVG have regarded him as one of the greatest aspects of PC gaming , while game developers have noted a preference for him . The web comic Megatokyo added Boo as a character in their publication , while the protagonist took on aspects of Minsc . His absence from subsequent gaming titles has also been lamented by sources such as UGO.com .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df6c32d32acd25ab2418ed5836f07b7d", "text": "Scarlet Witch Scarlet Witch ( Wanda Maximoff ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character first appeared in X-Men # 4 ( March 1964 ) and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby . The character has since starred in two self-titled limited series with husband the Vision , and has historically been depicted as a regular team member in superhero title The Avengers . Scarlet Witch has the superhuman ability to alter reality in unspecific ways . In most depictions , she is a mutant , a human born with natural superhuman powers . Originally revealed to be the daughter of the Golden Age superhero Whizzer , it was later established she and her twin brother Quicksilver were the children of X-Men villain Magneto , and the half-siblings of his daughter Polaris . This parentage was their status quo until 2014 , when a further retcon revealed that she and Quicksilver were in fact non-mutants who had been kidnapped and experimented on by the High Evolutionary , and then misled to believe that Magneto was their father . The character was ranked 97th in Wizard 's `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , 12th in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' , and 14th in Comics Buyer 's Guide 's `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list . The character has appeared in other Marvel-endorsed products such as animated films ; arcade and video games ; television series and merchandise such as action figures and trading cards . Elizabeth Olsen portrays Scarlet Witch in the Marvel Cinematic Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5199f11611af5ecf57bd79ea87ff4985", "text": "Mrs. Stitch Mrs. Algernon Stitch , more familiarly known as Julia Stitch , is a character created by Evelyn Waugh , best known for her role in the novel Scoop . The character was inspired by Waugh 's friendship with the well-connected socialite , Lady Diana Cooper . Mrs. Stitch appears as a `` fixer '' , a well-connected member of British , and especially London society , who can make things happen for people . This activity is known to all as `` The Stitch Service '' . In Scoop , she is asked to find employment for a novelist by the name of Boot , and arranges for him to be sent as a journalist to cover a revolution in Africa . Due to a mixup , the distantly related and quite hapless William Boot is sent instead . When he returns triumphant , the accolades go instead to the first Boot , who did nothing to deserve them , allowing William to return to his peaceful life writing articles about the British countryside . In the Sword of Honour trilogy , Mrs. Stitch appears briefly helping Guy Crouchback recover from his ordeal in Africa . In the novel Put Out More Flags , Mrs. Stitch is referenced when it is discovered Angela Lyne has been drinking profusely . The discovery '' ... could have scarcely have been more surprising had it been Mrs. Stitch herself . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd43d30f73f1f1e2caae0ce42d996a02", "text": "Barrel children Barrel children are children who are abandoned or `` left behind '' by their parents who are seeking a better life abroad . Dr. Claudette Crawford-Brown , the University of the West Indies academic who first described the phenomenon of barrel children , defines `` barrel children '' as those children who , while waiting in the Caribbean to migrate to their parents in the metropoles of North America and the United Kingdom , receive material resources in the form of food and clothing in lieu of direct care . Dr. Crawford-Brown , in her publication Who will save our children : The plight of the Jamaican child in the nineties , showed that these children have surrogate parents who are often unable to give them the emotional support and nurturance that they need , most of these children may be instead raised by grandparents or close relatives . The impact on these children of this type of neglect includes a range of emotional and behavioural problems including run-away behaviour , withdrawal , depression , and , in some cases , acting-out behaviour . The Trinidad and Tobago News said that for `` barrel children the psychological scars have been great and have been troubling factors unto the second , third and fourth generations . '' The Wellcome Trust discussed barrel children in an article focusing on violence in the Caribbean while it was the title and subject of a short film by Cara Elmslie Weir about a Trinidadian family split by migration , the parents `` sending barrels full of material goods '' from the U.S.A. to their children in Trinidad . UNICEF in Jamaica agreed that `` Migration of parents who seek more lucrative employment abroad has had a negative impact on Jamaican children . Some children are left in the care of strangers , neighbours or even older siblings who are still children . These so-called `` barrel children '' are left without parental guidance or adult supervision and with access to significant material resources in the form of cash remittances and barrels of clothing and toys sent by absentee parents . '' It has also been discussed in Caribbean Studies Journals , conferences on the Caribbean , the Trinidad Guardian and Trinidad Newsday . Discussing absent parents The Trinidad Guardian noted that `` At holiday time , they ship their barrels of love , disguised as brand-name sneakers and clothing , believing that these would make their children happy and make up for them being not around . But the fact remains that children are deprived of the real love of their parents . '' An article published in Newsweek by Brook Larmar entitled the `` Barrel Children '' dramatised the problem in its effects on one particular family . `` The cardboard barrel has been sitting empty in Marsha Flowers 's backyard for more than a month now , but the Jamaican teenager hangs onto it as though it were a sacred totem . And in a way , it is . Five years after her mother immigrated to the United States , leaving Marsha and two sisters to fend for themselves in a Kingston slum , the barrel is one of the few tangible signs of her mother 's love - and of her own frustrated desires . '' Blogs also exist highlighting the experiences of barrel children . Memories of a Caribbean Barrel Child was created by Dr. Anthony Salandy ( a native of Trinidad and Tobago ) to shed light of the experiences and outcomes associated with being a barrel child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dea10774d2b029ccd7185e77152466ae", "text": "Foster (film) Foster ( also known as Angel in the House ) is a 2011 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Jonathan Newman , based on his 2005 short film . Part of it was shot at Legoland Windsor in April 2010 . The film stars Golden Globe winner Toni Collette , Ioan Gruffudd , Richard E. Grant , BAFTA Award winner Hayley Mills and Maurice Cole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae6fbeb7d6c9790e4cf7fd462ec87e8", "text": "The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d772be3f8b91022947bb5b60f1af124c", "text": "Goliath (Tom Foster) Thomas Foster is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is the fifth to hold the mantle of Goliath . He is also the nephew of Bill Foster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b28d347a34a9dfd066ab971d5f09dc05", "text": "Sager orphans The Sager orphans ( sometimes referred to as the Sager children ) were the children of Henry and Naomi Sager . In April 1844 the Sager family took part in the great westward migration and started their journey along the Oregon Trail . During it , both Henry and Naomi died and left their seven children orphaned . Later adopted by Marcus and Narcissa Whitman , missionaries in what is now Washington , they were orphaned a second time , when both their new parents were killed during the Whitman massacre in November 1847 . About 1860 Catherine , the oldest girl , wrote a first-hand account of their journey across the plains and their life with the Whitmans . Today it is regarded as one of the most authentic accounts of the American westward migration . The children 's names were ( from oldest to youngest ) : John Carney Sager ( born 1831 in Union County , Ohio ) Francis `` Frank '' Sager ( born 1833 in Union County , Ohio ) Catherine Carney Sager ( born April 15 , 1835 in Union County , Ohio ) Elizabeth Marie Sager ( born July 6 , 1837 in Union County , Ohio ) Matilda Jane Sager ( born October 6 , 1839 in Buchanan County , Missouri ) Hannah Louise `` Louisa '' Sager ( born 1841 in Platte County , Missouri ) Henrietta Naomi `` Rosanna '' Sager ( born May 30 , 1844 along the Oregon Trail in present-day Kansas )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b71c8c83c61262e8d02731d77934f6a6", "text": "Amy Barnes Amy Knight ( also Barnes ) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks , played by Ashley Slanina-Davies . She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 14 November 2005 . Amy was created by executive producer David Hanson and Slanina-Davies was offered the role whilst looking for work as an extra . In 2009 , Slanina-Davies stated that she would be lost without the role and confirmed her loyalty to the serial . In July 2010 , it was announced that Slanina-Davies would be leaving the show . However it was revealed that she was back filming and staying in the serial in 2011 . Amy 's storylines have included underage pregnancy which resulted in the birth of daughter Leah Barnes and the subject of domestic abuse in her relationship with Ste Hay , portrayed by Kieron Richardson respectively . Whilst filming the storyline Slanina-Davies cut her long hair off for charity and this was scripted into the storyline . Amy has also been part of a storyline which saw her pretending her daughter was suffering from leukaemia to scam money out of the community , off-screen this prompted Slanina-Davies to campaign for leukaemia and cancer charity CLIC Sargent and Women 's Aid . The issue of post-natal depression has been portrayed following the birth of her second child Lucas Hay . Slanina-Davies has also revealed that she has conducted extensive research into all of her issue-lead storylines . In 2012 , it was announced that Slanina-Davies would be written out of the serial . Amy departed on 8 August 2012 . Amy has returned for guest appearances in 2013 , 2014 and returned to the show on a permanent basis in August 2016 . In January 2017 , it was revealed that Amy would be departing later in the year in a `` whodunit '' storyline which would see the character killed-off , making the second Barnes character to be killed off since her sister Sarah in 2009 . She made her final appearance as a corpse on 29 March 2017 , however continued to appear in flashback appearances throughout the storyline . Amy 's funeral was held on 25 April 2017 , with characters such as her mother , Kathy ( Sarah Jane Buckley ) , and Zoe Carpenter ( Zoë Lister ) , returning for her funeral .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb968b6414b25544ac59c5061c4f44bf", "text": "Foster care in Australia Home-based care , which includes foster care , is provided to children who are in need of care and protection . Children and young people are provided with alternative accommodation while they are unable to live with their parents . As well as foster care , this can include placements with relatives or kin , and residential care . In most cases , children in home-based care are also on a care and protection order . In some cases children are placed in home-based care following a child protection substantiation and where they are found to be in need of a safer and more stable environment . In other situations parents may be incapable of providing adequate care for the child , or accommodation may be needed during times of family conflict or crisis . In the significant number of cases substance abuse is a major contributing factor . `` Respite care '' is a type of foster care that is used to provide short-term ( and often regular ) accommodation for children whose parents are ill or unable to care for them on a temporary basis . It is also used to provide a break for the parent or primary carer to hopefully decrease the chances of the situation escalating to one which would lead to the removal of the child ( ren ) . As with the majority of child protection services , states and territories are responsible for funding home-based care . Non-government organizations are widely used , however . In June 2006 , there were 25,454 children in out-of-home care in Australia . This compares to 23,695 children in 2005 , an increase of 7 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb44ece837f7396225a642e0a11b5f36", "text": "Duela Dent Duela Dent is a fictional character in the DC Universe . She is a former member of the Suicide Squad , the Teen Titans and its counterpart , Titans East . Introduced under the alias of Joker 's Daughter , she has also used the aliases Catgirl , Scarecrone , Riddler 's Daughter , Penguin 's Daughter , Card Queen , and Harlequin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b8da7ae6398eaaceceeba1bc5d3bf6f", "text": "List of Batman Family adversaries The Batman Family adversaries or the rogues gallery are a collective of fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . These characters are depicted as adversaries of the superhero Batman and his allies . Since Batman first appeared in Detective Comics # 27 ( May 1939 ) , his supporting cast has expanded to include other superheroes , and has become what is now informally called the Batman Family . As with most superheroes , a cast of recurring enemies to the Batman Family have been introduced throughout the decades , collectively referred to as the rogues gallery . Many characters from Batman 's rogues gallery who are criminally insane become patients at Arkham Asylum after they are apprehended . The Batman Family 's rogues gallery has widely been well received , considered by many journalists to be one of the greatest superhero rogues galleries in all of comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20169a50b0e6d984c50bb9269d8bebe1", "text": "Meloni Thawne Meloni Thawne-Allen is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe , and the mother of the superhero Impulse . She first appeared in Impulse # 23 ( March 1997 ) . She was created by writer Mark Waid and artists Humberto Ramos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b05864aba4a05518338c74c602bb2cf3", "text": "Dichen Lachman Dichen Lachman ( -LSB- ˈdiːtʃən_ˈlækmən -RSB- born 22 February 1982 ) is a Nepali-born Australian actress and producer of German and Tibetan descent . She appeared in the soap opera Neighbours as Katya Kinski and Joss Whedon 's science fiction drama television series Dollhouse as Sierra . Lachman portrayed Suren in the American remake of Being Human as a main character during the show 's second season . Lachman has starred also in the 2014 film Lust for Love and had a recurring role in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. as Jiaying , Skye 's Inhuman , ageless mother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6118eb329a4c18673bceccd926a5e4f", "text": "Into the Wild (novel) Into the Wild is a children 's fantasy novel written by Erin Hunter after concepts and outlines created and developed by Victoria Holmes . The novel was published by HarperCollins in Canada and the United States in January 2003 , and in the United Kingdom in February 2003 . It is the first novel in the Warriors series . The book has been published in paperback , and e-book formats in twenty different languages . The story is about a young domestic cat named Rusty who leaves his human owners to join a group of forest-dwelling feral cats called ThunderClan , adopting a new name : Firepaw . He is trained to defend and hunt for the Clan , becomes embroiled in a murder and betrayal within the Clan , and , at the end of the book , receives his warrior name , Fireheart , after a battle with another Clan . The novel is written from the perspective of Fireheart ( previously known as Rusty for a short time , then , for most of the book , Firepaw ) . The series began in 2003 when HarperCollins requested Holmes to write a book on feral cats . After creating one storyline Holmes brought in Kate Cary to finish writing the book as Holmes went behind the scenes to edit and supervise the details . Holmes has compared the style of the book to a different language as the books are written by three separate authors . She feels that Erin Hunter must have a consistent voice the entire series . The story uses a lexicon with words such as `` twoleg '' substituted for `` human '' or `` new-leaf '' for `` spring '' . The style has been compared to the Harry Potter series , J.R.R. Tolkien and Brian Jacques . Themes include family , loyalty , death , courage , and survival . Into the Wild was critically well received . Booklist believed the book would appeal to followers of Brian Jacques ' Redwall series . Among other awards , it claimed third place in the 2006 Young Reader 's Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d8a4a03e2b75357cfe80793713c30c", "text": "Mother (Once Upon a Time) `` Mother '' is the twentieth episode of the fourth season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time , which aired on May 3 , 2015 . In this episode , Emma Swan reunites Lily with Maleficent , Isaac must find a new ally as Gold 's heart grows darker , and Regina and Robin Hood must deal with Zelena 's pregnancy . Back in the Enchanted Forest , Regina is reunited with Cora upon her return from Wonderland , but questions her mother 's intentions as to why she wants to `` help '' her .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ab3017c1595dcabb29dbee7ce4fc7771	Helena Bonham Carter is unable to act in movies.	[ { "docid": "9775a88b17ddda1475a828b883bee70b", "text": "Helena Bonham Carter Helena Bonham Carter , ( born 26 May 1966 ) is an English actress . She is known for her roles in low-budget arthouse and independent films to large-scale Hollywood productions . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as Kate Croy in The Wings of the Dove ( 1997 ) . For her role as Queen Elizabeth in The King 's Speech ( 2010 ) , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role . She also won the 2010 International Emmy Award for Best Actress for her role as British author Enid Blyton in the TV film Enid ( 2009 ) . Bonham Carter began her film career playing the title character in Lady Jane ( 1986 ) , and playing Lucy Honeychurch in A Room with a View ( 1986 ) . Her other film roles include Ophelia in Hamlet ( 1990 ) , Where Angels Fear to Tread ( 1991 ) , Howards End ( 1992 ) , Elizabeth Lavenza in Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein ( 1994 ) , Woody Allen 's Mighty Aphrodite ( 1995 ) , Fight Club ( 1999 ) , Bellatrix Lestrange in the Harry Potter series ( 2007 -- 11 ) , Terminator Salvation ( 2009 ) , Miss Havisham in Great Expectations ( 2012 ) , Madame Thénardier in Les Misérables ( 2012 ) , and The Fairy Godmother in Cinderella ( 2015 ) . She has frequently collaborated with director Tim Burton ; in Planet of the Apes ( 2001 ) , Big Fish ( 2003 ) , Corpse Bride ( 2005 ) , Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ( 2005 ) , Mrs. Lovett in Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) , Dark Shadows ( 2012 ) , and playing the Red Queen in Alice in Wonderland ( 2010 ) and its sequel Alice Through the Looking Glass ( 2016 ) . Her other television films include A Pattern of Roses ( 1983 ) , Fatal Deception : Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald ( 1993 ) , Live from Baghdad ( 2002 ) , Toast ( 2010 ) , and Burton & Taylor ( 2013 ) . She was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 2012 New Year Honours list for services to drama , and in January 2014 , the British prime minister , David Cameron , announced that Bonham Carter had been appointed to Britain 's new national Holocaust Commission .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8c7ef3c2adeac1da0c989700e723f327", "text": "Being Julia Being Julia is a 2004 comedy-drama film directed by István Szabó and starring Annette Bening and Jeremy Irons . The screenplay by Ronald Harwood is based on the novel Theatre ( 1937 ) by W. Somerset Maugham . The original film score was composed by Mychael Danna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "021e41c472bc90a5826767c1aa7e065f", "text": "Vivien Leigh Vivien Leigh ( born Vivian Mary Hartley , and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947 ; 5 November 19138 July 1967 ) was a British stage and film actress . She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , a role she had also played on stage in London 's West End in 1949 . She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich ( 1963 ) . After her drama school education , Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England ( 1937 ) . Lauded for her beauty , Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress . Despite her fame as a screen actress , Leigh was primarily a stage performer . During her 30-year career , she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia , Cleopatra , Juliet , and Lady Macbeth . Later in life , she performed as a character actress in a few films . At the time , the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband Laurence Olivier , who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960 . Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions , with Olivier often directing , and in three films . She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with , and for much of her adult life she suffered from bipolar disorder as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis , which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately claimed her life at the age of 53 . Although her career had periods of inactivity , in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a51071eb8fa81547ccfa01ae8a9f0d6", "text": "Helena Kaut-Howson Helena Kaut-Howson is a British theatre and opera director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2ee1995bddb99a3d78a9eb30dd9f58", "text": "César Award for Best Supporting Actress The César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role ( French : César de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle ) is one of the César Awards , presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding performance in a supporting role of an actress who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony . Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06933e57bfcc59ab996445431d9be8a9", "text": "Mary and Martha (film) Mary and Martha is a 2013 British-American television film starring Hilary Swank and Brenda Blethyn , and directed by Phillip Noyce . Based on a screenplay by Richard Curtis , it was produced by Working Title Television , in association with the BBC and NBCUniversal . The film had its UK premiere on March 1 , 2013 on the BBC and premiered in the US on HBO on April 20 , 2013 . based on a true story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e76e91231a6cca0dfe83c5833043eda8", "text": "Bridget Jones Bridget Jones is a franchise based on a fictional character of the same name . British writer Helen Fielding started her Bridget Jones 's Diary column in The Independent in 1995 , while chronicling the life of Jones as a thirtysomething single woman in London as she tries to make sense of life and love with the help of a surrogate `` urban family '' of friends in the 1990s . The column lampooned the obsession of women with women 's magazines such as Cosmopolitan and wider social trends in Britain at the time . Fielding published the novelisation of the column in 1996 , followed by a sequel in 1999 called Bridget Jones : The Edge of Reason . Both novels were adapted for the big screen in 2001 and 2004 , starring Renée Zellweger as Bridget Jones , and Hugh Grant and Colin Firth as the men in her life : Daniel Cleaver and Mark Darcy , respectively . After Fielding had ceased to work for The Daily Telegraph in late 1998 , the feature began again in The Independent on 4 August 2005 and finished in June 2006 . Helen Fielding released a third novel in 2013 , Bridget Jones : Mad About the Boy , which is set 14 years after the events of the second novel . The fictional character `` Bridget Jones '' was named on the 2016 Woman 's Hour Power List as one of seven women judged to have had the biggest impact on women 's lives over the past 70 years , alongside Margaret Thatcher , Barbara Castle , Helen Brook , Germaine Greer , Jayaben Desai and Beyoncé .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2af1170ecafe94044e02a20f55be6c", "text": "Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees . The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e01f8f3886107ae74ba54ff16ea124f5", "text": "Bonkers (2007 TV series) Bonkers is a UK television series written by Sally Wainwright and starring Liza Tarbuck . It was transmitted on ITV during 2007 . It was also released on DVD . This series is available on DVD , distributed by Acorn Media UK . In July 2007 , the playwright and actress Tricia Walsh-Smith filed a claim in the High Court for breach of copyright , claiming that the pilot episode was copied from her 1987 play , also called `` Bonkers '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f61bb9ea398ef4de11d6236e4c99a617", "text": "Mary Badham Mary Badham ( born October 7 , 1952 ) is an American actress , known for her portrayal of Jean Louise `` Scout '' Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) , for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . At the time , Badham ( aged 10 ) was the youngest actress ever nominated in this category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ad3e3989f7cfe79497c848e384f212", "text": "Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch The Queen 's Theatre is a 500-seat producing theatre located in Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering , east London . The theatre opened in its current purpose-built site on Billet Lane , Hornchurch in 1975 . From 1953 to 1975 the theatre had occupied a converted , and for some time derelict , cinema on Station Lane ( the site of the present Ripon House development ) that had been used for storage during the Second World War . The theatre originally opened in the coronation year of Queen Elizabeth II and its name reflects this . The opening production was See How They Run . The building deteriorated and the London Borough of Havering built the new theatre . It was opened by Sir Peter Hall in April 1975 , with a production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat . Home to the original productions of the award-winning Return to the Forbidden Planet and Blood Brothers , performers such as Maggie Smith , Martin Shaw , Joan Plowright , Prunella Scales , Nigel Hawthorn , Carol Sloman , Lucy Benjamin , Gemma Salter , Bernard Cribbins , Conn O'Neill and theatre-makers and artists David Eldridge , Chris Bond , Bob Carlton , Bob Eaton , Glen Walford , Nichola McAuliffe , Tim Firth , Dan Murphy and Richard O'Brien the Queen 's Theatre , over its 60 plus year history , has built a track record in creating the best in live entertainment . The theatre 's current artistic director is Douglas Rintoul who was appointed in 2015 . The theatre 's previous artistic directors include Bob Carlton , Marina Calderone and Bob Tomson . The Queen 's Theatre produces over eights shows a year and has a vibrant learning and participatory programme engaging over 11,000 participants annually , enabling people to express themselves and their stories through the arts . The Queen 's Theatre works with educational institutions , amateur theatre groups , professional arts groups and wellbeing organizations , but is also widely connected to the larger theatre landscape in the UK and abroad . Current partnerships include co-productions with the New Wolsey Theatre Ipswich , Salisbury Playhouse , Watford Palace Theatre , Rifco , Sell a Door and The Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg . Behind the scenes there is a carpentry workshop , scenic artists and a wardrobe department creating sets and costumes on-site . The theatre was honoured with a visit from HM The Queen in 2003 , the theatre 's fiftieth anniversary , and in 2013 the theatre celebrated its Diamond Jubilee . The Queen 's Theatre is a registered charity and receives regular funding from the London Borough of Havering and is an Arts Council of England National Portfolio Organisation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c83d52817cee10fc9beca13595b2372", "text": "Kingsman: The Golden Circle Kingsman : The Golden Circle is an upcoming 2017 British-American action spy comedy-drama film directed by Matthew Vaughn , and is the sequel to 2015 film Kingsman : The Secret Service . The series is based on the comic book The Secret Service , created by Dave Gibbons and Mark Millar . The film stars Colin Firth , Julianne Moore , Taron Egerton , Mark Strong , Halle Berry , Elton John , Channing Tatum and Jeff Bridges , and is scheduled to be released on 22 September 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0cdff28598c90f862ef3df438635870", "text": "Asylum (2005 film) Asylum is a 2005 Anglo-Irish drama film directed by David Mackenzie and made by Mace Neufeld Productions , Samson Films , Seven Arts Productions , Zephyr Films Ltd and released by Paramount Classics . It is based on the novel Asylum by Patrick McGrath and was adapted for the screen by Patrick Marber and Chrysanthy Balis . It stars Natasha Richardson , Marton Csokas , Ian McKellen and Hugh Bonneville with a cast also including Sean Harris , Joss Ackland , Wanda Ventham , Maria Aitken and Judy Parfitt .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1be041ece8ab526597465073438c7d92	The NBA Championship ended the 1983-84 NBA season.	[ { "docid": "6eec6ddea5ae2e5aef6d4423d97cb8d9", "text": "1983–84 NBA season The 1983 -- 84 NBA season was the 38th season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning the NBA Championship , beating the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 3 for the second time since 1969 in the NBA Finals .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8dada2cdec515eb59af856fb5f791346", "text": "1984 Big East Men's Basketball Tournament The 1984 Big East Men 's Basketball Tournament took place at Madison Square Garden in New York City , from March 7 to March 10 , 1984 . Its winner received the Big East Conference 's automatic bid to the 1984 NCAA Tournament . It is a single-elimination tournament with four rounds . Georgetown had the best regular season conference record and received the # 1 seed . Georgetown defeated Syracuse in the championship game 82 -- 71 , to claim its third Big East Tournament championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "902e3f65043b879ac1c72bd724c7ca5c", "text": "1959–60 Boston Celtics season The 1959 -- 60 NBA season was the Celtics ' 14th season in the NBA . The Celtics finished the season by winning their third NBA Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee92f56ea9ba2b65e427337de74057ed", "text": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1955 -- 56 season to the best performing player of the regular season . The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy , which is named in honor of the first commissioner ( then president ) of the NBA , who served from 1946 until 1963 . Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players . Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada , each of whom casts a vote for first to fifth place selections . Each first-place vote is worth 10 points ; each second-place vote is worth seven ; each third-place vote is worth five , fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one . Starting from 2010 , one ballot was cast by fans through online voting . The player with the highest point total wins the award . , the current holder of the award is Stephen Curry , who won both the 2015 and 2016 MVP Awards . Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times . Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times , while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times . Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons . Moses Malone , Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times , while Bob Pettit , Karl Malone , Tim Duncan , Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice . Only two rookies have won the award : Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968 -- 69 season . Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria , Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands , Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered `` international players '' by the NBA . Stephen Curry in 2015 -- 16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously . Shaquille O'Neal in 1999 -- 2000 and LeBron James in 2012 -- 13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection , both receiving 120 of 121 votes . Since the , every winner was from a team that won at least 50 games in the regular season that year.Except for seasons affected by lockouts , when the schedule was shortened from the norm of 82 games . Karl Malone won in 1998 -- 99 when Utah was 37 -- 13 in 50 games , which projected to 60 wins in 82 games . James won in 2011 -- 12 when the Miami Heat were 46 -- 20 in 66 games , which projected to 57 wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63bbb50c67038b1462657b152c319b7", "text": "FIBA Africa Championship 1983 The FIBA Africa Championship 1983 was hosted by Egypt from December 19 to December 28 , 1983 . The games were played in Alexandria . Egypt won the tournament , its fifth African Championship , to qualify for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68e9a23c18132199f39b292c954e0e97", "text": "2013–14 Miami Heat season The 2013 -- 14 Miami Heat season was the franchise 's 26th season in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . They entered the season as two-time defending NBA champions ( third overall ) , and three-time defending Eastern Conference champions , the fourth and final season playing with the `` Big Three '' of Dwyane Wade , LeBron James , and Chris Bosh , and the sixth season under head coach Erik Spoelstra . In a rematch of the previous year 's Eastern Conference Finals , the Heat defeated the Indiana Pacers in six games to become the first team to win four consecutive Eastern Conference championships since the 1986 -- 87 Boston Celtics capped a Boston-dominant string going back to the 1983 -- 84 season . Miami 's quest for a three-peat ended when the San Antonio Spurs , whom they would meet again in a rematch of last year 's NBA Finals and defeated in seven games , won the NBA Finals by a 4 -- 1 margin . Following the season , LeBron left the Heat to rejoin the Cleveland Cavaliers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4f447aa17033adf4fa3309000d5ae12", "text": "List of American Basketball Association awards and honors The American Basketball Association ( ABA ) was a professional basketball league that operated from the until it ceased to exist with the ABA -- NBA merger in 1976 . The ABA presented a variety of annual awards and honors to recognize its players and executives . There were six awards presented by the ABA . Three Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) awards were presented annually in the All-Star Game , the regular season , and the playoffs . In sports , the player judged to be the most important to the team is the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) . Other annual awards include the Executive of the Year , the Coach of the Year , and the Rookie of the Year . Honors were also presented to players who excelled in the respective categories of : best players , best defensive players , and best rookies . The Executive of the Year Award and the All-Defensive Team started in the , while the rest started in the first season . Julius Erving has won the most ABA awards with five MVP awards -- three in the regular season and two in the playoffs . Artis Gilmore has won the most ABA honors with nine . A total of 80 ABA players and executives have received at least one award or honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79b223b7340dde21df6596e690ae4913", "text": "1983–84 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team The 1983 -- 84 Oklahoma Sooners men 's basketball team represented the University of Oklahoma in competitive college basketball during the 1983 -- 84 NCAA Division I season . The Oklahoma Sooners men 's basketball team played its home games in the Lloyd Noble Center and was a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) former Big Eight Conference at that time . The team posted a 29 -- 5 overall record and a 13 -- 1 conference record to finish first in the Conference for head coach Billy Tubbs . This was the first Big Eight Conference Regular Season Championship for Tubbs . The team was led by All American and Big Eight Conference Men 's Basketball Player of the Year Wayman Tisdale . The team lost its second game at the Great Alaska Shootout . It then won eleven in a row before enduring its only conference loss at . It then won four in a row before losing to . The team won the rest of its regular season games and the first two Big Eight Conference Tournament games bringing its win streak to 13 . It lost the conference title game to . The team then lost its first game in the 1983 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament to . Over the course of the season , Wayman Tisdale established the current Oklahoma Sooners men 's basketball single-season scoring average ( 27.0 ) and single-game points ( 61 ) records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69aa3290e3b9cd7058694274721532c0", "text": "1993–94 Atlanta Hawks season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Hawks ' 45th season in the National Basketball Association , and 26th season in Atlanta . In the offseason , Michael Jordan shocked the NBA by announcing his retirement . This meant that various teams in the league had an opportunity to contend for a championship . The Hawks hired Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens as their new head coach . Wilkens was a star guard for the franchise when it was based in St. Louis in the 1960s . Wilkens was quickly moving up the all-time coaching wins list after successful runs with the Seattle SuperSonics and Cleveland Cavaliers . Wilkens employed a defensive system which benefited several members of the team . The team also signed free agents Craig Ehlo and Andrew Lang during the offseason . The Hawks got off to a slow start losing four of their first five games , but then went on a 14-game winning streak as they held a 34 -- 13 record before the All-Star break . Despite being in first place in the East , the Hawks would trade franchise leading scorer Dominique Wilkins to the Los Angeles Clippers for All-Star forward Danny Manning on February 24 . By the end of the season , the Hawks finished first overall in the Eastern Conference with a record of 57 wins and 25 losses . Guards Stacey Augmon and Mookie Blaylock were both named to the NBA All-Defensive team . Blaylock was also selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game along with Wilkins , and Coach of The Year , Lenny Wilkens coaching the Eastern Conference . In the playoffs , the Hawks defeated the Miami Heat in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals in five games after trailing 2 -- 1 , but lost to the 5th-seeded Indiana Pacers four games to two in the semifinals . Following the season , Manning signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Phoenix Suns , Duane Ferrell signed with the Indiana Pacers , and second-year forward Adam Keefe was traded to the Utah Jazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3f5258b825b3d1f6b7dca9cd1a93c73", "text": "1980–81 Houston Rockets season The 1980 -- 81 Houston Rockets season saw the Rockets lose the NBA Finals . The 1981 Rockets are the only team since the 1959 Minneapolis Lakers to make the NBA Finals with a losing record .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a21ab35d17281feb81f03d046bbf769c", "text": "1963–64 NBA season The 1963 -- 64 NBA season was the 18th season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning their 6th straight NBA Championship , beating the San Francisco Warriors 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78a278c05995841a45dc5165150ee47b", "text": "1994 NBA Finals The 1994 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1993 -- 94 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season , featuring the Western Conference 's Houston Rockets defeating the Eastern Conference 's New York Knicks . This matchup was Hakeem Olajuwon 's second NBA Finals appearance , his other being in 1986 , where Larry Bird and the Boston Celtics defeated the Houston Rockets four games to two . The series was Patrick Ewing 's first NBA Finals appearance . The Rockets came in with strong determination to win not only the franchise 's first NBA championship , but the city 's first championship in a league that still existed , while the Knicks were looking to add a third NBA championship trophy , as the Knicks ' last trophy came from the 1973 NBA Finals . The Knicks also hoped to impress their new owners Viacom , who had just bought Paramount Communications ( formerly Gulf + Western ) , their longtime owners ( after the series however , Viacom sold the Knicks and the rest of the Madison Square Garden properties ) . The series was hailed as a meeting of the two great centers who had previously played for a championship in college . In 1984 while Olajuwon was with the University of Houston and Ewing was with Georgetown University , Georgetown had beaten Houston 84 -- 75 in the 1984 NCAA Championship game . In this series , however , Olajuwon outperformed Ewing , outscoring him in every game of the series and posting numbers of 26.9 ppg on 50.0 % shooting compared to Ewing 's 18.9 ppg on 36.3 % shooting . However , Ewing set an NBA finals record in the series with a total of 30 blocks , and he tied the single-game record of 8 blocks in Game 5 . Tim Duncan would later set the record for most blocks in a Finals series ( 2003 ) with 32 blocks in six games while Dwight Howard would set the record for most blocked shots in a Finals game with 9 blocked shots in Game 4 of the 2009 Finals while with the Orlando Magic . During the series , the Houston Rockets played seven low-scoring , defensive games against the New York Knicks . After splitting the first two games in Houston , the Knicks won two out of three games at Madison Square Garden , which also hosted the Rangers first Stanley Cup celebration in 54 years during the series . In Game 6 , however , Rockets center Hakeem Olajuwon blocked a last-second championship-winning shot attempt by John Starks , giving the Rockets an 86 -- 84 victory and forcing a Game 7 , which made Knicks Coach Pat Riley the first ( and to this date , the only ) coach in a Game 7 NBA Finals on two different teams , having been with the Los Angeles Lakers in and . In addition , the Knicks set a record for most playoff games played in one season , with 25 . The Detroit Pistons tied this record in . The Boston Celtics , coached by Doc Rivers , would surpass it during their championship season of 2008 when they played 26 . The Rockets beat the Knicks in Game 7 , 90 -- 84 , enabling the city of Houston to not only celebrate its first NBA and fifth professional sports championship ( first in an existing league ) , but also deny New York from having both NBA and NHL championships in the same year ( Chicago had suffered this fate in 1992 , with the Bulls winning their second NBA championship and the Blackhawks losing in the Stanley Cup Finals ) . For his efforts Olajuwon was named NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . For the Knicks , Riley had the unfortunate distinction of having become the first ( and to this date , the only ) coach to lose a Game 7 NBA Finals on two different teams , having lost to the Celtics in 1984 . It also denied him the distinction of being the first coach to win a Game 7 NBA Finals with two different teams , having defeated the Detroit Pistons in 1988 . NBC Sports used Ahmad Rashād ( Knicks sideline ) and Hannah Storm ( Rockets sideline ) . Hal Douglas narrated the season-ending documentary Clutch City for NBA Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "820b2a90d637b4887b25f5d7a7c0fd76", "text": "1985–86 Atlanta Hawks season The Hawks entered the season with rookies Jon Koncak and Spud Webb . The Hawks were transformed into one of the youngest teams in the NBA . The Hawks were led by `` the Human Highlight Reel '' Dominique Wilkins . He would have an outstanding year as he led the NBA in scoring with an average of 30.3 points per game . One of the highlights of the season came when Webb ( measuring five feet , seven inches ) won the NBA Slam Dunk contest during All-Star Weekend . In the second half of the season , the Hawks would be one of the strongest teams in the league . The club won 35 of their final 52 games to finish the season with a record of 50 wins and 32 losses . In the playoffs , the Hawks would eliminate the Detroit Pistons in 4 games . In the 2nd round , the Hawks would be defeated by the Boston Celtics in 5 games . The team 's season roster is featured in the video games NBA 2K16 and NBA 2K17 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f781c55a517f917bf3bf52eccd76686e", "text": "1988 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 1988 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament involved 64 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men 's NCAA Division I college basketball . It began on March 17 , 1988 , and ended with the championship game on April 4 returning to Kansas City , Missouri for the 10th time . A total of 63 games were played . Kansas , coached by Larry Brown , won the national title with an 83 -- 79 victory in the final game over Big Eight Conference rival Oklahoma , coached by Billy Tubbs . As of 2017 , this was the last national championship game to feature two schools from the same conference . Danny Manning of Kansas was named the tournament 's Most Outstanding Player . Even though the Final Four was contested only 40 miles from its campus in Lawrence , Kansas , Kansas was considered a long shot against the top rated Sooners because Oklahoma had previously easily defeated the Jayhawks twice that season -- at home in Norman , Oklahoma and on the road in Kansas ' Allen Fieldhouse . Kansas 's upset was the third biggest point-spread upset in Championship Game history . After this upset , the 1988 Kansas team was remembered as `` Danny and the Miracles . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0be58a585e4507649d469c217ea3e6f", "text": "2002 NBA Finals The 2002 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's championship series for the 2001 -- 02 season . The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers ( who were also two-time defending NBA champions ) , and the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets . The Lakers swept the Nets four games to none to win the franchise 's 14th NBA championship . The 56th edition of the championship series was played between June 5 and June 12 and was broadcast on NBC -- the ( to date ) last NBA games broadcast on the network . Shaquille O'Neal , who averaged 36 points and 12 rebounds in the Finals , was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . Lakers coach Phil Jackson won his ninth ring , tying him with Red Auerbach for most all-time . During the series , he surpassed Pat Riley for most career playoffs wins with 156 . Will Lyman narrated the season-ending documentary for NBA Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e9601a775b8884761340517e90297e2", "text": "1983 NBA Finals The 1983 NBA Finals , also known as Showdown ' 83 , was the championship round of the 1982 -- 83 NBA season . It was the last NBA Championship Series completed before June 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4ee2a6febc9b0067998b1e58828db9", "text": "2001–02 Los Angeles Lakers season The 2001 -- 02 NBA season was the Lakers ' 54th season in the National Basketball Association , and 42nd in the city of Los Angeles . During the offseason , the Lakers signed All-Star guard Mitch Richmond and free agent Samaki Walker , while acquiring Lindsey Hunter from the Milwaukee Bucks . The team got off to a fast start winning 16 of their first 17 games , and finished second in the Pacific Division with a 58 -- 24 record . Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal were both selected for the 2002 NBA All-Star Game in which Bryant won MVP honors , but O'Neal did not participate in the All-Star game due to an injury . After sweeping the Portland Trail Blazers 3 -- 0 in the first round of the playoffs , then defeating the San Antonio Spurs 4 -- 1 in the semifinals , the Lakers where pushed to the brink once more in the Western Conference Finals by their archrivals the Sacramento Kings , who they narrowly defeated in a deciding seventh game . They then went on to win the NBA Finals , defeating and sweeping the New Jersey Nets in four straight games for their second three-peat in franchise history , the first since 1952 -- 54 . Following the season , Richmond retired and Hunter was traded to the Toronto Raptors . This would be the third and final consecutive NBA Championship the Lakers won in the early 2000s , as in the next season , their quest for a fourth consecutive NBA Championship ended with a playoff elimination by the San Antonio Spurs in six games in the semifinals , who would then go on to win the NBA Finals that season and their second NBA Championship . Although the Lakers returned to the Finals in 2004 , the Lakers would lose to the Detroit Pistons in five games , despite being the heavy favorites to win and having former All-Stars and veterans Gary Payton and Karl Malone , leading to O'Neal 's departure from the Lakers amidst boiling points between the Lakers staff and management and Kobe Bryant , culminating in his trade to the Miami Heat , ending the early 2000s Lakers dynasty . The Lakers would not win another title until 2009 , in which they defeated the Orlando Magic in five games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ea0570cd3e9957a8489ae4e4426f307", "text": "1989–90 New York Knicks season The 1989 -- 90 NBA season was the 44th season for the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association . Before the season , owners Gulf + Western reorganized and became Paramount Communications , renaming themselves after the Paramount Pictures film studio . During the offseason , the Knicks hired Stu Jackson as their new head coach . The team got off to a solid start , winning 20 of their first 27 games , while posting a nine-game winning streak . At midseason , the Knicks traded second-year guard Rod Strickland to the San Antonio Spurs for Maurice Cheeks . However , as they stood at a 39 -- 22 record , they struggled and lost 15 of their final 21 games . The Knicks had a 45 -- 37 record and finished third in the Atlantic Division . The Knicks ' fifth-place finish in the Eastern Conference earned them a berth in the NBA Playoffs for the third straight year . Patrick Ewing was selected for the 1990 NBA All-Star Game . In the first round of the playoffs , New York defeated the 4th-seeded Boston Celtics three games to two , after overcoming an 0 -- 2 deficit . The Knicks were then eliminated in the conference semifinals by the Detroit Pistons , who later on won their second consecutive NBA title , four games to one over the Portland Trail Blazers . Following the season , Johnny Newman signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Charlotte Hornets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88350cfce6b6fde33430690f58f37365", "text": "EuroLeague Final Four The EuroLeague Final Four is the final four format championship of the European-wide top-tier level EuroLeague professional club basketball competition . The Euroleague Basketball Company used the final four format for the first time in 2002 , following the 2001 FIBA SuproLeague Final Four , which was the last final four held by FIBA Europe . In the original FIBA Europe competition , as seen below , the final four was used for the first time at the 1966 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four . The final four format was used again the next year , with the 1967 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four , but was then abandoned . The final four finally returned as the format of choice , for the first time during its modern era , with the 1988 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four . It is known as the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague Final Four for name sponsorship reasons . Panathinaikos has been the most successful team at the EuroLeague Final Four , since the modern final four era began in the 1987 -- 88 season . The EuroLeague Final Four is broadcast on TV in up to 213 countries and territories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "448868276d66beaaa42434b628e294c2", "text": "1983–84 Czechoslovak Extraliga season The 1983 -- 84 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 41st season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga , the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia . 12 teams participated in the league , and Dukla Jihlava won the championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da4277598f81ce4dd04f958739997763", "text": "Los Angeles Lakers The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , their last being in 2010 . As of 2015 , the Lakers are the second most valuable franchise in the NBA according to Forbes , having an estimated value of $ 2.7 billion . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers in honor of the state 's nickname , `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America and winning five of the next six BAA and NBA championships in Minneapolis after the NBA formed in 1949 . The team was propelled by center George Mikan , who is described by the NBA 's official website as the league 's `` first superstar '' . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960 -- 61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Boston Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain to play center , and after losing in the Finals in 1969 and 1970 , they won their sixth NBA title -- and first in Los Angeles -- in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired another center , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who had won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed `` Showtime '' due to their Magic Johnson-led fast break-offense , and won five championships in a 9-year span , including their first ever Finals championship against the Celtics in 1985 . This team featured Hall of Famers in Johnson , Abdul-Jabbar , and James Worthy , and a Hall of Fame coach , Pat Riley . After Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson 's retirement , the team struggled in the early 1990s before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996 . Led by O'Neal , Bryant , and another Hall of Fame coach , Phil Jackson , Los Angeles won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002 , securing the franchise its second `` three-peat '' . After losing both the 2004 and 2008 NBA Finals , the Lakers won two more championships by defeating the Orlando Magic in 2009 and Boston in 2010 . The Lakers hold the record for NBA 's longest winning streak , 33 straight games , set during the 1971 -- 72 season . 21 Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles , while four have coached the team . Four Lakers -- Abdul-Jabbar , Johnson , O'Neal , and Bryant -- have won the NBA MVP Award for a total of eight awards .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b7b4fb0ff3855d817c161ca9a57b4a61	Jim Rash is a man.	[ { "docid": "166d4a9498a62b03f490bc172085165d", "text": "Jim Rash James `` Jim '' Rash ( born July 15 , 1971 ) is an American actor , comedian , producer , screenwriter , and director . He is known for playing Dean Craig Pelton on the NBC/Yahoo ! sitcom Community . In 2012 , he received a Golden Globe nomination and won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the film The Descendants .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "eeef80bd0f3a78474337f5510c8a5e3d", "text": "Erythema chronicum migrans Erythema chronicum migrans ( New Latin , literally , `` chronic migrating redness '' ) refers to the rash often ( though not always ) seen in the early stage of Lyme disease . It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite . This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite , but rather an actual skin infection with the Lyme bacteria , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato . `` Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation . '' It is a pathognomonic sign : a physician-identified rash warrants an instant diagnosis of Lyme disease and immediate treatment without further testing , even by the strict criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Such target lesions ( bull 's - eye rashes ) are characteristic of Borrelia infections , and no other pathogens are known that cause this form of rash . A similar condition called Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness ( STARI ) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller . The associated infectious agent has not been determined . Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly . This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans or EM . However , a less common meaning of the term `` erythema migrans '' is a mucosal condition of the tongue , also called geographic tongue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db8674ad5654c12bbcfacd9d3d66e9d0", "text": "Adaptive expertise Adaptive expertise is a broad construct that encompasses a range of cognitive , motivational , and personality-related components , as well as habits of mind and dispositions . Generally , problem-solvers demonstrate adaptive expertise when they are able to efficiently solve previously encountered tasks and generate new procedures for new tasks . This definition can be contrasted with more traditional ideas of expertise popularized by Chi and others , which do not typically consider adaptation to completely novel situations . Its empirical validity has been examined in a number of training and learning contexts . The term was first coined by Giyoo Hatano and Kayoko Inagaki , to tease out the variability within groups of experts . Hatano and Inagaki , described two types of expertise : routine expertise , or classic expertise , and adaptive expertise . They defined routine expertise as involving mastering procedures in such a way as to become highly efficient and accurate , whereas developing adaptive expertise requires an individual to develop conceptual understanding that allows the `` expert '' to invent new solutions to problems and even new procedures for solving problems . To illustrate , imagine two sushi chefs : one who makes every piece perfectly but routinely makes the same few types over and over ( routine , or classic , expertise ) , and one produces new menus frequently ( adaptive expertise ) . To some , this is an unfair comparison , as ones ' environment supports behavior . For example , the routine of the classic expert sushi chef may be tied to his restaurant environment , and this chef may be able to break out of the routines easily given a different situation . However , the adaptive expert chef clearly demonstrates flexible knowledge and performance of sushi-making . Learning Scientists are interested in adaptive expertise , in part because they would like to understand the types of learning trajectories that may allow practitioners break free from routines when necessary . There is not , however , a true dichotomy between adaptive and classic expertise . Expertise can be thought of as a continuum of adaptive ability . On one end , practitioners can be classified as `` routinely skilled '' versus `` innovatively competent '' ; as `` artisans '' versus `` virtuosos '' ; or as those approaching a task in a routine versus more flexible way . The notion of adaptive expertise suggests that new problems can be viewed as a platform for exploration in a new problem space and not just an opportunity to practice completing a task more efficiently . For example , adaptability enabled the Apollo 13 crew to successfully build an air filter from ill-fitting parts whilst in space , while the TV chef , Jamie Oliver , is able to flamboyantly and creatively produce good food using only simple ingredients . A distinguishing feature of adaptive expertise is the ability to apply knowledge effectively to novel problems or atypical cases in a domain . Holyoak characterized adaptive experts as being capable of drawing on their knowledge to invent new procedures for solving unique or fresh problems , rather than simply applying already mastered procedures . Adaptability allows experts to recognize when highly practiced rules and principles do not apply in certain situations in which other solvers might typically attempt to use a previously learned procedure . Moreover , studies have shown that this flexibility can result in better performance than that of classically defined experts , resulting in , amongst other things , better technical trouble shooting ; workplace error avoidance ; and more accurate medical diagnosis . John D. Bransford considers this flexible , innovative application of knowledge , in large part , underlies adaptive experts ' greater tendency to enrich and refine their understanding on the basis of continuing experience to learn from problem-solving episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47dbf0496f3b303ef46641ff2fac0442", "text": "Jim Gerald James Gerald ( 1 January 1891 -- 1971 ) was an Australia comedian , circus clown , acrobat , writer , director and troupe leader and filmmaker . He is generally regarded as one of the four leading post-World War I comedians to work the Australasian variety circuits , the others being Nat Phillips , Roy Rene , and George Wallace . Born at Darlington , Sydney , Gerald was the seventh son of Stephen Australia Fitzgerald , a tailor turned actor , and his wife Mary Ann , née Ingram . In his youth Jim played truant from school to watch acrobats practising on the sandhills behind Centennial Park , learned to tumble and haunted his uncles ' circus . Three of his brothers also went on the stage using the names ` Max Clifton ' , ` Lance Vane ' and ` Cliff Stevens ' . In 1898 his father apprenticed him to Oscar Pagel 's Circus . He subsequently travelled the world , including South Africa , Africa , the Far East and North America for around ten years . Back in Australia by 1908 , Gerald found employment with several circuses ; and as ` Diabolo ' was billed as the first man to loop the loop on a motorcycle . In 1910 he and two of his brothers , Lance Vane and Max Clifton , appeared in The Life and Adventures of John Vane , the Notorious Australian Bushranger . That film , also directed by his father , is now viewed as a significant landmark in Australian cinema history , being the first recorded involvement in narrative film production by Charles Cozens Spencer ( a leading figure in the early Australian film industry ) . Gerald 's `` move into variety entertainment began in 1912 when he toured with his father 's All Stars drama and vaudeville company as both comedian and acrobat . Although he soon afterwards signed with the Fullers ' Theatres vaudeville circuit Gerald was immediately leased to Stanley McKay for his touring pantomime company , and over the next five to six years appeared throughout Australia and New Zealand as a specialist pantomime dame Within a year of joining McKay 's company Gerald married Esther Patience Futcher , a 27-year-old actress known as ` Essie Jennings ' . The ceremony took place on 21 July 1913 at St Peter 's Anglican Church , Wellington , New Zealand , \\ . The two latter formed a highly popular knockabout comedy sketch act , appearing in sketches such as the `` The Actress and the Paperhanger '' and `` The new Recruit . '' Fitzgerald enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force on 5 May 1916 and served in Mesopotamia as a driver with the 1st Australian and New Zealand Wireless Signal Squadron . Discharged on 12 October 1918 , he returned to the Fullers ' circuit and was soon asked by ( Sir ) Benjamin Fuller to write and produce his own revue sketches . He had seen the funny side of soldiering in Mesopotamia and his act , ` The New Recruit ' , remained popular for years . Unlike his contemporaries Roy Rene and George Wallace , Gerald was ` unashamedly international ' in his work . Almost every Christmas he played the dame in pantomimes . He made some thirty silent films in the United States of America in 1928 , and was influenced by Charlie Chaplin whom he greatly admired . When the Fullers folded in 1933 , Gerald continued to play six-month seasons in Sydney and Melbourne under various managements . In 1935-36 he appeared in several revues at the Garrick Theatre , London , including Do n't Spare the Horses . Returning to Sydney , in May 1936 he featured in Shout for Joy . One critic wrote that he ` can not particularly sing nor does he know much about dancing , but he is undoubtedly a master of patter , of quick , well-timed delivery and retort ' . Gerald signed a contract with the Australian Broadcasting Commission in February 1939 ; he starred in ` Jim and Jitters ' with Jim Davidson 's A.B.C. Dance Band and conducted the Saturday ` After-Dinner Show ' . Next year he formed his own radio-production company . On 10 April 1941 Gerald was appointed honorary lieutenant colonel in the A.I.F. Placed in charge of the Entertainment Unit , he embarked for the Middle East on 1 September in the Queen Elizabeth . A shrewd organizer and an experienced producer , he gathered Davidson and his band , comedians , singers , jugglers , acrobats and trick cyclists , as well as backstage technicians , ` among them costume designers , seamstresses and electricians ' . At his headquarters at Tel Aviv , Palestine , he recruited a female chorus line . The first performance at Gaza of All in Fun was ` received with rapturous applause ' . Home again in October 1942 , Gerald transferred to the retired list on 31 December . He joined the Tivoli circuit and appeared in the revue , Stripped for Action ( 1943 ) . In 1951 he played the happy roué in Ladies ' Night in a Turkish Bath . He shared top billing with Wallace in Thanks for the Memory , at the Princess Theatre , Melbourne , in 1953 and toured for three years in that revue . He was ` as uproariously funny as ever though not as spry ' in The Good Old Days ( Sydney , 1957 ) . Next year he retired to St Kilda , Melbourne . Gerald enjoyed watching any kind of sport , but his passion was for motoring : he owned a succession of cars which he drove across America , through Europe , the Middle East and Britain , and all over Australia . After Essie 's death in 1969 , he moved into a home at Rosebud . He died there on 2 March 1971 and was cremated . ` Jim Gerald was probably best remembered for his versatility -- as a big-eared oaf in baggy pants and shapeless hat , as a seemingly rubber-boned and pathetically droll clown and as Australia 's greatest pantomime dame . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29eaff47c8c3619f50e5f15591e73562", "text": "Jim Koplik Jim Koplik is an American concert promoter who has produced shows by The Rolling Stones , Paul McCartney , Bruce Springsteen , REO Speedwagon , Madonna , Billy Joel and Elton John , among others . A resident of Stamford , Connecticut , Koplik works through Jim Koplik Presents , his Wallingford , Connecticut-based company . He owns the Comcast Theater in Hartford , Connecticut . Born in New Rochelle , New York , Koplik launched his career in the late 1960s when he was a student at Ohio State University and promoted a show for the band Steppenwolf . Before that he had worked at Ohio State on the 1968 presidential campaign of Robert F. Kennedy . In 1981 Koplik moved from Westchester County , New York to Stamford . Jim Koplik Presents produces 150 concerts a year , many for the Toyota Presents Oakdale Theatre in Wallingford , the Comcast Theater and for the Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville . Koplik is a board member of Connecticut Special Olympics , the National Kidney Foundation of Connecticut , the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Connecticut and the Jewish Community Center of Stamford . He is a former member of the boards of the Connecticut Children 's Medical Center , Riverfront Recapture and the Connecticut Commission on the Arts . Jim Koplik ( along with Shelly Finkel ) were co-promoters of the `` Summer Jam at Watkins Glen '' ( rock concert in Watkins Glen ) in New York in July 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e9699aedec429172108b43d21eb14e5", "text": "Jim Gibbons (American politician) James Arthur `` Jim '' Gibbons ( born December 16 , 1944 ) is an American attorney , aviator , geologist , hydrologist and politician . He served as the 28th Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada from 2007 to 2011 . He is a former member of the United States House of Representatives , having served from 1997 to 2006 . He is a member of the Republican Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c9b4f028cfb9a038763852cfa4cad9f", "text": "Jim Brogan (basketball) James Riley `` Jim '' Brogan ( born February 24 , 1958 ) is a retired American basketball player . Born in Merion Station , Pennsylvania , he played collegiately for the West Virginia Wesleyan College . He played for the San Diego Clippers ( 1981 -- 83 ) in the NBA for 121 games . He is currently coaching basketball players , primarily working on their shooting form . He has also trained with professional sports figures to improve their balance and coordination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8fd7d6541339cafe476108dc142fe8a", "text": "Count Jim Moriarty Count Jim Moriarty ( also called Count Jim Moriarty of the House of Roland ) is a character from the 1950s BBC Radio comedy The Goon Show . He was voiced by Spike Milligan . In the episode `` The Macreekie Rising of ' 74 '' , Harry Secombe filled-in for the role in Milligan 's absence . Moriarty is an impoverished member of the French aristocracy who has turned to crime to support his lifestyle . Despite having carried out many high-paying cons and robberies during the series , he and his criminal counterpart Hercules Grytpype-Thynne always appear to be permanently destitute . With his thick faux-French accent , he is often found scavenging in dustbins looking for food and uttering nonsensical , half-French curses such as `` Sapristi nabolas ! '' , `` Sapristi nyuckoes ! '' , or `` Sapristi bombpetts ! '' ( incorporating an old-fashioned French expletive that meant originally `` by the body of Christ '' ) and `` Sacre Fred ! '' ( a Milligan coinage from Sacrebleu ) in the episode `` Lurgi Strikes Britain '' . Moriarty travels closely with Grytpype-Thynne , often in the same suit or ( in `` The Jet Propelled Guided NAAFI '' ) by hiding in the lining of Grytpype 's underpants . In `` The Call of the West '' , Grytpype announces that Moriarty is traveling west by fish crate because of the devaluation of the franc . Over the years , Moriarty changed from a suave , debonair and efficient French criminal mastermind and confidence trickster into a cringing sidekick of Grytpype-Thynne , who is often disparaging of his manic behaviour , referring to him as `` you steaming French nit '' , `` my fast disintegrating friend '' , or `` you crutty French schlapper '' . Grytpype often introduces him ( `` and I quote from his death certificate '' ) with a middle name such as `` Thighs '' , `` Knees '' , `` Kidney Wiper '' , etc. , along with an appropriate sound effect ( e.g. rattling bones , swannee whistle ) or Moriarty 's catch-phrase `` Oooowwwwww '' , and descriptions of his prowess in various fields ( `` who has played the male lead in over 50 postcards '' , `` Minister Without Underpants to the Principality of Monte Carlo '' , or `` champion barbed-wire hurdler until his tragic accident '' ) . On one occasion , he is introduced as `` Count ` Serge ' Moriarty '' ; when Seagoon enquires `` Serge ? '' , Grytpype replies , `` Only because he ca n't afford flannels '' . In `` The Missing Battleship '' , Grytpype introduces him enthusiastically as `` Count Jim ` Bilge ! ' Moriarty '' ; however , due to undisclosed problems this was unaccompanied by any sound effect , and was punctuated anti-climatically by an embarrassed `` Oww '' from Moriarty seconds afterward . Although his surname is pronounced ( -LSB- ˌmɔriˈɑrti -RSB- ) , Grytpype-Thynne would pronounce it -LSB- məˈraɪ.əti -RSB- if he was in a bad way or if he thought Milligan was overacting his part . There is also some suggestion that the character is a parody of the Sherlock Holmes villain , Professor Moriarty . In The Hound of the Baskervilles According to Spike Milligan , a preface by Milligan explains that Sherlock `` did not stay dead for long '' , and after chasing him up a mountain did in fact kill Professor Moriarty , but he `` later became a character in The Goon Show '' . Moriarty , Count Jim", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee11e69a77917a6ba1a4aeb61140ce67", "text": "Jim Palmer (basketball) James G. `` Jim '' Palmer ( June 8 , 1933 -- September 16 , 2013 ) was an American professional basketball player . Palmer was selected in the 1957 NBA Draft ( second round , 12th overall ) by the St. Louis Hawks . He played collegiately at the University of Dayton from 1954 to 1957 before embarking on his professional basketball career . His first stop was in the National Industrial Basketball League playing for the Peoria Cats . After one season , Palmer moved on to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) in which he played the next three seasons , splitting his career between the Cincinnati Royals and New York Knicks . In his final year of professional ball , Palmer played in the American Basketball League . Palmer died on September 16 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b60c00c56caf9bab2e320cb3fb444a21", "text": "Jim \"Dandy\" Mangrum James Mangrum , better known as Jim `` Dandy '' Mangrum ( born March 30 , 1948 ) , is the lead singer and frontman for the American Southern rock band Black Oak Arkansas . He is noted for his raspy voice , long hair , and wild , sexually-explicit stage antics which sometimes included miming sex with a warshboard which he often uses to accompany his singing . His stage persona is credited as having been a major influence on Van Halen vocalist David Lee Roth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97c2aa758f66c9805d48cc5a82818c74", "text": "Jim Romagna James `` Jim '' Romagna ( born 1970 ) is an American bodybuilder , and also a fitness model . From 1989 to 1992 he studied English at Loras College . He also played football and ran track at Loras . After college , he was actively devoted to the game of rugby and martial arts , but soon began a bodybuilding career . After his debut in 1994 , attended the above twenty-four competitions , including Musclemania and the Team Universe . In 2000 , at the NPC Los Angeles Championships he was placed at third position as a drug-free competitor in a non-tested competition . On June 19 , 2004 , during the NPC Junior National Championships , he took fourteenth place . In 2006 he appeared on the cover of the March issue of Muscle & Fitness magazine . Session repeated in June next year . He currently lives in Dubuque , Iowa , where he is an instructor of Health Wellness and Recreation at the University of Dubuque . He 's also a personal trainer , and writes columns for various sports magazines such as Muscle & Fitness . Natural Fit Inc. owner . In the summer of 2010 , Jim was interviewed by freelance writer Rod Labbe for Men 's Workout magazine . The interview , entitled `` The Hunk Next Door , '' saw print in their November 2010 issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b01fa11e9284fd4127308ea84592a3b", "text": "Jim Selman James C. `` Jim '' Selman ( born February 7 , 1942 ) is an American consultant , coach , and author . Born in Oklahoma City , Selman received his B.A. from the University of Oklahoma in 1965 , where he majored in social psychology and philosophy . Selman is described as being `` in the forefront in helping major companies embrace the concept '' of `` contextual management '' . He formed Selman & Associates in 1976 , and `` began research into the nature of culture and large-scale systems change '' . In 1984 , he partnered with Werner Erhard to form Transformational Technologies , a consulting and training franchise operation , which served as the corporate division of Werner Erhard & Associates , with Selman as its first president . In his capacity there , he was noted to have said of his philosophy of management , `` when we talk management technology , what we are talking about is a rigorously tested and challenged body of distinction for having access to whatever the phenomenon of management really is '' . In October 1987 , Selman moderated a televised broadcast that featured Werner Erhard in discussion with top sports coaches John Wooden , Red Auerbach , Timothy Gallwey and George Allen discussing principles of coaching across all disciplines . They sought to identify distinctions found in coaching , regardless of the subject being coached . In 1989 , with the late Professor Roger Evered ( U.S. Naval Graduate School at Monterrey ) , Selman documented the outcome in the first article on organizational coaching , titled `` Coaching and the Art of Management '' . In another article , `` Leadership and Innovation : Relating to Circumstances and Change '' , Selman identifies six ways of responding to change . Selman was described as `` an enormously powerful man with a deep voice and a way of speaking that held people 's attention and inspired confidence '' . Selman & Associates became Paracomm Partners International in 1988 , which is active to present date . Jim Selman is the host and co-producer with Phyllis Haynes of the podcast and web program Possible Futures , conversations and commentary to explore ideas and decision making and their relationship to possible futures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286c79111885a051de46c01333d90496", "text": "Jim King (saxophonist) Jim King ( born Alec Woodburn ; 5 May 1942 in Kettering , Northamptonshire , England -- 6 February 2012 in Middlewich , England ) was an original member of the British rock band Family . He played saxophone and harmonica , and sang occasional lead vocals on the band 's first two albums , Music in a Doll 's House and Family Entertainment . King also sang the entire lead vocal on `` Observations From a Hill '' , a song on the latter album . Jim , as he became known , formed James King and the Farinas ( later just The Farinas ) , a blues based rock and roll group , with guitarist Charlie Whitney in Leicester in 1962 . He sang the lead vocal on the group 's single `` You Better Stop '' b/w `` I Like it Like That '' . When Roger Chapman joined as vocalist in 1966 , the group had begun to perform under the name The Roaring Sixties . The name Family was decided upon later . Jim left Family in October 1969 due to health issues and the usual ` musical disagreements ' . As well as session work for Dave Mason and Gordon Jackson , he joined jazz-rock band Ring Of Truth for a brief period , doing a few gigs , then concentrated on composing and playing solo concerts , mostly classical sax with some jazz . In February 2012 , he died while living in Cheshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b40fe007ca5296ccb0d12fa2138549b0", "text": "Jim Dent (author) Harry James `` Jim '' Dent ( born 1953 ) is an American author and sportswriter . He wrote The Junction Boys , a New York Times best-selling book about Bear Bryant 's Junction Boys , Twelve Mighty Orphans : The Inspiring True Story of the Mighty Mites Who Ruled Texas Football , and The Kids Got It Right : How the Texas All-Stars Kicked Down Racial Walls . The Junction Boys was adopted as an ESPN movie with the same name in 2002 . He covered the NFL 's Dallas Cowboys as a sportswriter for 11 years . In 2003 , Dent was sentenced to eight years in prison under a plea agreement with Brazos County prosecutors for violating his drunk driving probation . In 2015 , Dent was sentenced to ten years in prison after jumping bail following his tenth conviction for drunk driving .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b39f9f93baa792453e6787931c5bcb6", "text": "James Erb James `` Jim '' Brian Erb ( January 25 , 1926 -- November 11 , 2014 ) was an American composer , arranger , musicologist , and conductor . The founding conductor of the Richmond Symphony Chorus , Erb led that chorus from 1971 to 2007 while also directing chorus activities at the University of Richmond , where he was for a while chair of the music department . Erb is most broadly known for his arrangement of the folk song `` Shenandoah '' , and among musicologists of the Renaissance for his work on the magnificats of Orlando di Lasso published by Bärenreiter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "666abc5bbad19e5f5e5eeb18185ea010", "text": "Za Gaman was a Japanese television show from the 1980s . It is not particularly well known or remembered in Japan , but it became famous in other countries , particularly Britain , due to its appearance on the British television program Clive James on Television , and subsequently Tarrant on TV under the name Endurance . The program was a version of an activity at Japanese universities , the gaman taikai or `` endurance contest '' , where students try to outdo each other in withstanding unpleasant experiences . The TV programme featured teams from `` name '' universities such as Keio University who were subjected to various unpleasant ordeals such as being buried up to the neck in sand or licked by reptiles . The winner was the person who endured the longest . Short segments of the program were used in the British television shows , which humorously examined television programs from around the world . Following Clive James on Television , clips from the now-defunct show were also used in the nineties in Tarrant on TV . A very short-lived British version of the show was also created , hosted by Paul Ross , but it did not feature the extreme conditions of the original program . Only two series of the British version were produced for Challenge TV which first aired from 1997 to 1998 , and it was not a success . The use of the clips on the Clive James show created some controversy , with some Japanese feeling that the show was unrepresentative , and some British former prisoners-of-war of the Japanese also complained about the contents . Clive James went on to write a novel Brrm ! Brrm ! , with a Japanese lead character , Akira Suzuki , who was made fun of by his British friends using the word `` endurance '' . This program made the Guinness Book of World Records for `` Most Extreme Game Show '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4bf7a0720175cb951851368550c3ac8", "text": "Jim Mendiola Jim Mendiola ( born in San Antonio , Texas , U.S. ) is a Los Angeles based writer/director . His award-winning film Pretty Vacant ( 33 min. , 16mm , 1996 ) , about a Sex Pistols obsessed Chicana punk rocker , has screened in numerous film festivals , museums , and colleges in the U.S. and Mexico , including South By Southwest ( Best Narrative Short ) , the Havana International Film Festival , and the Guggenheim Museum . During Mendiola 's Artpace residency in 2001 , he collaborated with artist Ruben Ortiz Torres to create `` Ozzy Goes to the Alamo , '' which the duo claims to be `` the world 's first Chicano 3-D movie . '' Mendiola wrote and directed the one-hour movie Come and Take It Day ( PBS national broadcast , 2002 ) starring Jacob Vargas and Jesse Borrego . Mendiola 's first feature film , a rock and roll digital movie called Speeder Kills ( 2003 ) starring Amalia Ortiz and Xelina Flores , has screened at various film festivals across the country and was nationally broadcast on SíTV in the Spring of 2005 . His script , `` All the Young Dudes , '' was chosen for participation in the 2004 IFP Screenwriter 's Lab and is currently in development . In addition , Mendiola is writing a screen adaptation of the Sandra Cisneros short story , `` Bien Pretty . '' A 1997 Rockefeller Intercultural Media Fellow , Mendiola is a regular contributor on television , soap operas and all things Latino and pop for the San Francisco Bay Guardian and other publications . His favorite band is Bon Scott-era AC/DC and his favorite album The Clash 's `` London Calling . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32d647f071ca919de7521d1b9a6caf7d", "text": "Jim E. Mora James Ernest Mora ( born May 24 , 1935 ) is a former American football coach who was the head coach of the New Orleans Saints and Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League ( NFL ) . His tenure with the Saints spanned eleven seasons and he coached the Colts for four seasons . Mora also coached the Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars of the United States Football League ( USFL ) during its three years of existence and led the team to all three championship games , winning two . As an NFL head coach , he was known for turning the Saints and the Colts , two of its consistently losing franchises , into perennial postseason contenders . However , his reputation was affected by his lack of success in the NFL playoffs and impassioned postgame tirades and press conferences , including his oft-quoted `` Coulda , Woulda , Shoulda , '' `` You Will Never Know , '' `` Diddly Poo , '' and `` Playoffs ? '' rants . In contrast to his league titles in the USFL , Mora never won a postseason NFL game . He holds the NFL record for career regular-season wins ( 125 ) without a playoff victory . His son Jim L. Mora is a former NFL head coach and the current head coach at UCLA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c97f78fcbeceb9b50b84c6aa6ede007", "text": "Jim Ramsey James McNair `` Jim '' Ramsey ( born 20 June 1961 ) is an Anglo-American singer-songwriter and recording artist who emerged as part of the Chattanooga , Tennessee music scene in the 1990s . He is known for his romantic , spiritually conscious folk-rock which blends British progressive rock and American pop influences and for his critically acclaimed album , On the Dying Breath of Wisdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "979996be2f024a91371a2151f585949f", "text": "The Colgate Sports Newsreel The Colgate Sports Newsreel was a radio program focusing on sports . It has been called `` one of the most successful and most listened-to shows in radio history '' and `` one of radio broadcasting 's most entertaining and engaging programs . '' However , much of the information reported as fact was actually fiction . The program was first broadcast in October 1939 , on NBC Blue . Although Colgate dropped its sponsorship in June 1951 , the show continued on NBC as Bill Stern 's Sports Newsreel through September 1953 . It then switched to ABC , where it ran until June 1956 . During World War II , the Newsreel was among the programs that NBC rebroadcast by transcription to members of the United States armed forces stationed abroad . Bill Stern , the star , made the program memorable with his enthusiastic , dramatized delivery . He was already both the narrator of MGM 's News of the Day newsreels , and a sports announcer . Thus , the format of this program came naturally . For most of its run , the show was sponsored by Colgate brushless shave cream . The opening theme `` was sung in barbershop quartet style to the tune of Mademoiselle from Armentieres '' and mentioned the sponsoring product prominently . Although the singing group was not named in the program , a news brief announcing the show 's launch in 1939 identified it as the Armchair Quartette . The theme 's lyrics varied a bit over the years , but the basic form was as follows : Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man is on the air . Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man with stories rare . Take his advice and you 'll look keen . You 'll get a shave that 's smooth and clean . You 'll be a Colgate brushless fan . From September 14 , 1953 , through December 10 , 1954 , Budweiser sponsored the program . Its final sponsor was Allstate , from December 13 , 1954 through June 22 , 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f289277e406385014b8126dd348bc75", "text": "Miliaria Miliaria ( -LSB- ˌmɪl.iˈɛər.i.ə -RSB- also called `` sweat rash '' , `` heat rash '' or `` prickly heat '' ) is a skin disease marked by small and itchy rashes . Miliaria is a common ailment in hot and humid conditions , such as in the tropics and during the summer season . Although it affects people of all ages , it is especially common in children and infants due to their underdeveloped sweat glands .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f35e1f3c8c60d2fd7474d28649f75016	Dangerous Beauty contained actors Rufus Sewell and Catherine McCormack.	[ { "docid": "3ecb737c694d8ca691a150e6cbf118a7", "text": "Dangerous Beauty Dangerous Beauty is a 1998 American biographical drama film directed by Marshall Herskovitz and starring Catherine McCormack , Rufus Sewell , and Oliver Platt . Based on the non-fiction book The Honest Courtesan by Margaret Rosenthal , the film is about Veronica Franco , a courtesan in sixteenth-century Venice who becomes a hero to her city , but later becomes the target of an inquisition by the Church for witchcraft . The film features a supporting cast that includes Fred Ward , Naomi Watts , Moira Kelly and Jacqueline Bisset . The film was released as A Destiny of Her Own in some regions , and was retitled The Honest Courtesan ' for its UK video release .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e7d6d0f3ec920461f42f4c51c47da7bb", "text": "Laurence Edney Laurence Vincent Edney ( born May 18 , 1968 ) is an English actor and model known for his appearance in Kill Kill Faster Faster ( 2008 ) , Hotel Babylon ( 2006 ) and Behind the Bar ( 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e2146fb2bd60f9126bdc8d9e1cda351", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1987 TV series) Beauty and the Beast is an American fantasy-drama series which first aired on CBS in 1987 . Creator Ron Koslow 's updated version of the fairy tale has a double focus : the relationship between Vincent ( Ron Perlman ) , a mythic , noble man-beast , and Catherine ( Linda Hamilton ) , a savvy Assistant District Attorney in New York ; and a secret Utopian community of social outcasts living in a subterranean sanctuary . Through an empathetic bond , Vincent senses Catherine 's emotions , and becomes her guardian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ad808d22eadaec9b22f400596e8d51d", "text": "Beauty (2011 film) Beauty ( Skoonheid ) is a 2011 South African film directed by Oliver Hermanus . It premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the South African entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32711cf3a19ce6e7536fb49dd109c9a8", "text": "Kate O'Toole (actress) Kate Eurwen O'Toole ( born 26 February 1960 in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire ) is an English-actress . She is the daughter of actors Peter O'Toole and Siân Phillips .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b82c80da570fe4a800ba07c5405a58bc", "text": "Dance Star Dance Star is a 2010 British dance musical film set in Essex , UK . It was written and directed by Steven M. Smith . The cast includes Bruce Payne , Megan Little Vivien Creegor and Jon-Paul Gates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a697b13b9b6b56f5f4f53bb03d52472", "text": "Dangerous Exile Dangerous Exile is a 1957 British historical drama film directed by Brian Desmond Hurst and starring Louis Jourdan , Belinda Lee , Anne Heywood and Richard O'Sullivan . It concerns the fate of Louis XVII , who died in 1795 as a boy , yet was popularly believed to have escaped from his French revolutionary captors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27073b4433bb5f0e3d208f95495d263", "text": "Sam Rockwell Samuel Rockwell ( born November 5 , 1968 ) is an American actor known for independent and mainstream films . He is known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs ( 1997 ) , Confessions of a Dangerous Mind ( 2002 ) , Matchstick Men ( 2003 ) , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , Choke ( 2008 ) , Moon ( 2009 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , and Mr. Right ( 2015 ) , as well as for his supporting roles in The Green Mile ( 1999 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , The Assassination of Jesse James ( 2007 ) , Frost/Nixon ( 2008 ) , Conviction ( 2010 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) , and Poltergeist ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04f53d93127fae7436429850a4e2e1aa", "text": "Catherine Tate Catherine Tate ( born Catherine Ford ; 12 May 1968 ) is an English comedian , actress , and writer . She has won numerous awards for her work on the sketch comedy series The Catherine Tate Show as well as being nominated for an International Emmy Award and seven BAFTA Awards . Following the success of The Catherine Tate Show , Tate played Donna Noble in the 2006 Christmas special of Doctor Who and later temporarily reprised her role , becoming the Tenth Doctor 's companion for the fourth series in 2008 . In 2011 , she began a recurring role as Nellie Bertram in the U.S. version of The Office and was a regular until the series ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "525076dabf52ad7cfdd808bc2720b79e", "text": "Wuthering Heights (2011 film) Wuthering Heights is a 2011 British romantic gothic , period drama film directed by Andrea Arnold and starring Kaya Scodelario as Catherine and James Howson as Heathcliff . The screenplay , written by Andrea Arnold and Olivia Hetreed , is based on Emily Brontë 's 1847 Wuthering Heights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cccd9aa4f98e025c3b4f84f4401567e", "text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? is a 1962 play by Edward Albee . It examines the breakdown of the marriage of a middle-aged couple , Martha and George . Late one evening , after a university faculty party , they receive an unwitting younger couple , Nick and Honey , as guests , and draw them into their bitter and frustrated relationship . The play is in three acts , normally taking a little less than three hours to perform , with two 10-minute intermissions . The title is a pun on the song `` Who 's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf ? '' from Walt Disney 's Three Little Pigs ( 1933 ) , substituting the name of the celebrated English author Virginia Woolf . Martha and George repeatedly sing this version of the song throughout the play . Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? won both the 1963 Tony Award for Best Play and the 1962 -- 63 New York Drama Critics ' Circle Award for Best Play . It is frequently revived on the modern stage . The film adaptation was released in 1966 , written by Ernest Lehman , directed by Mike Nichols , and starring Richard Burton , Elizabeth Taylor , George Segal and Sandy Dennis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19f3137ae61a64d9cd6576b81a555618", "text": "Full Frontal (film) Full Frontal is a 2002 film by Steven Soderbergh about a day in the life of a handful of characters in Hollywood . It stars Catherine Keener , Blair Underwood , David Duchovny , Julia Roberts , Mary McCormack , Brad Pitt , and David Hyde Pierce . The film was shot on digital video using the Canon XL-1s in under a month . The film blurs the line between what is real and what is fiction in its depiction of a film within a film ( and possibly within another ) . It is in the loose structural style and narrative ambiguity of the French New Wave , and it received critical notice for this style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876022af87f647b87f58627e959d35fd", "text": "Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' . The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "402289ea0f0dda61cf36e120d05a7cf0", "text": "Dangerous (Roxette song) `` Dangerous '' is a song by the Swedish pop duo Roxette . Written by Per Gessle , the song was released as the fifth and final single from their second studio album Look Sharp ! ( 1988 ) . Gessle penned it just before Roxette 's first tour in 1987 . Released at the end of 1989 , it was the group 's third top 10 showing on the Billboard Hot 100 , spending two weeks at number two in February 1990 -- kept off the top spot by Janet Jackson 's `` Escapade '' . The music video was recorded in the ruins of Borgholm Castle . It was released as a double A-side in the UK with `` Listen to Your Heart '' . The version on the single features a different introduction , omitting the instruments in favour of the duo singing the first line of the chorus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5886f40111b7b9b246557a9858e5e20", "text": "Catherine (1986 TV series) Catherine - a French TV series produced for Antenne 2 channel in 1986 . It was based on the series of `` Catherine '' novels written by Juliette Benzoni . The series was directed by Marion Sarraut , who had already successfully brought on TV another of Madame Benzoni 's work - Marianne . The director had the author 's assistance going so far as working together , like mother and daughter , to work on the best-seller Catherine . Two years of preparation , fifteen months of shooting , two hundred actors - over fifteen hundred costumes . The episodes were not to be seen in prime time - but from 13:30 - 14:00 each afternoon . The production was nevertheless a huge success . The readers of the books were more than satisfied with what Marion Sarraut had done to Catherine . To their great joy , the producers had adapted the seven books more or less truthfully . Some minor changes had to be made , probably also because of the small bugdet they had at their disposal . Claudine Ancelot was a perfect Catherine . At her side , Pierre-Marie Escourrou as her great love Arnaud de Montsalvy . Pascale Petit was Sara , Benoît Brione was the evil Gilles de Rais , and Geneviève Casile Queen Yolande . For over two decades , the story of `` Catherine and Arnaud '' had vanished . In December 2007 the French company France Loisirs started releasing the long awaited Catherine Il suffit d'un amour TV-Serie on DVD . At the moment the whole TV series has been released on 5 double DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2009d665ff67c986c5adc73d5c2ffab", "text": "Chotika Wongwilas Chotika Wongwilas ( Thai : โชติกา วงศ์วิลาศ ; born November 15 , 1984 ) , nickname Noey Chotika , is an actor and model under contract with Thailand 's Channel 3 Television broadcaster for whom she has acted in several lakorn ( Thai television soap operas ) . Known primarily for her `` villainous roles '' , she first appeared in the 2007 drama Invisible Friend . '' Other notable performances include her work in Neung Nai Suang ( Thai : หนึ่งในทรวง ; Only you in my heart ) in 2015 , Cubic ( Thai : คิวบิก ) in 2014 , and Game Rai Game Rak ( Thai : เกมร้ายเกมรัก ; Evil Game/Love Game '' ) in 2011 . Chotika grew up in Phatthalung Province in southern Thailand where she attended the Satri Phatthalung School . She obtained her B.A. in IT Business Management at Prince of Songkla University and then went on to earn a Master 's degree in Recreation and Tourism Management at Chulalongkorn University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcb6d4aab18e76a99f6a6599b1a0a43f", "text": "Miranda Harcourt Miranda Catherine Millais Harcourt ( born 1962 ) is a New Zealand actress and acting coach . She is the daughter of actress Dame Kate Harcourt . Harcourt 's acting career began playing boy character on Radio New Zealand in the early 1970s . She is best known for her role as `` Gemma '' in the 1980s TV drama series Gloss . Harcourt spent three years acting on the show , and her character was so despicable that people spat at and insulted Harcourt in public . Harcourt received a nomination in the 1989 Film and TV Awards for best actress for the role . Harcourt has starred in countless productions across New Zealand and in Australia . The exhaustive and comprehensive list can be found at Theatre Aotearoa Database .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a0bedf8ef800d595aa260ca3606c6294	SpaceX did not start private fundraising in 2011.	[ { "docid": "99b0815e7828545b46fad05a40208e81", "text": "SpaceX Space Exploration Technologies Corporation , better known as SpaceX , is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne , California . It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars . SpaceX has since developed the Falcon launch vehicle family and the Dragon spacecraft family , which both currently deliver payloads into Earth orbit . SpaceX 's achievements include the first privately funded liquid-propellant rocket to reach orbit ( Falcon 1 in 2008 ) ; the first privately funded company to successfully launch , orbit , and recover a spacecraft ( Dragon in 2010 ) ; the first private company to send a spacecraft to the International Space Station ( Dragon in 2012 ) ; the first propulsive landing for an orbital rocket ( Falcon 9 in 2015 ) ; and the first reuse of an orbital rocket ( Falcon 9 in 2017 ) . , SpaceX has since flown ten missions to the International Space Station ( ISS ) under a cargo resupply contract . NASA also awarded SpaceX a further development contract in 2011 to develop and demonstrate a human-rated Dragon , which would be used to transport astronauts to the ISS and return them safely to Earth . SpaceX announced in 2011 that they were beginning a privately funded reusable launch system technology development program . In December 2015 , a first stage was flown back to a landing pad near the launch site , where it successfully accomplished a propulsive vertical landing . This was the first such achievement by a rocket for orbital spaceflight . In April 2016 , with the launch of CRS-8 , SpaceX successfully vertically landed a first stage on an ocean drone-ship landing platform . In May 2016 , in another first , SpaceX again landed a first stage , but during a significantly more energetic geostationary transfer orbit mission . In March 2017 , SpaceX became the first to successfully re-launch and land the first stage of an orbital rocket . In September 2016 , CEO Elon Musk unveiled the mission architecture of the Interplanetary Transport System program , an ambitious privately funded initiative to develop spaceflight technology for use in manned interplanetary spaceflight , and which , if demand emerges , could lead to sustainable human settlements on Mars over the long term . This is the main purpose this System was designed for . In 2017 , Elon Musk announced that the company had been contracted by two private individuals to send them in a Dragon spacecraft on a free return trajectory around the Moon . Provisionally launching in 2018 , this could become the first instance of lunar tourism .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4fa1f7b55f46d5a449f2e5c4626ba9da", "text": "Kepler (spacecraft) Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-size planets orbiting other stars . Named after astronomer Johannes Kepler , the spacecraft was launched on March 7 , 2009 , into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit . Designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover Earth-size exoplanets in or near habitable zones and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets , Kepler sole scientific instrument is a photometer that continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view . These data are transmitted to Earth , then analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by exoplanets that cross in front of their host star . Kepler is part of NASA 's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost , focused primary science missions . The telescope 's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory , with Ball Aerospace responsible for developing the Kepler flight system . The Ames Research Center is responsible for the ground system development , mission operations since December 2009 , and scientific data analysis . The initial planned lifetime was 3.5 years , but greater-than-expected noise in the data , from both the stars and the spacecraft , meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals . Initially , in 2012 , the mission was expected to be extended until 2016 , but on July 14 , 2012 , one of the spacecraft 's four reaction wheels used for pointing the spacecraft stopped turning , and completing the mission would only be possible if all other reaction wheels remained reliable . Then , on May 11 , 2013 , a second reaction wheel failed , disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission . On August 15 , 2013 , NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels . This meant the current mission needed to be modified , but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet hunting . NASA had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans `` potentially including an exoplanet search , using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters '' . On November 18 , 2013 , the K2 `` Second Light '' proposal was reported . This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect habitable planets around smaller , dimmer red dwarfs . On May 16 , 2014 , NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension . , Kepler and its follow-up observations had found 1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 star systems , along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates . Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler K2 mission . In November 2013 , astronomers estimated , based on Kepler space mission data , that there could be as many as 40 billion rocky , Earth-size exoplanets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way . It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars . The nearest such planet may be 12 ly away , according to the scientists . On January 6 , 2015 , NASA announced the 1,000 th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope . Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars : three of the four , Kepler-438b , Kepler-442b and Kepler-452b , are almost Earth-size and likely rocky ; the fourth , Kepler-440b , is a super-Earth . On May 10 , 2016 , NASA verified 1,284 new exoplanets found by Kepler , the single largest finding of planets to date . Since 1988 , over 3,000 exoplanets have been confirmed by all detection methods , including the Kepler mission ( specifically , planets in planetary systems , including multiple planetary systems , have been confirmed , as of ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d30d17561f83992e6c0a5b37b069856", "text": "TSX Venture Exchange The TSX Venture Exchange is a stock exchange in Canada . It is headquartered in Calgary , Alberta and has offices in Toronto , Vancouver , and Montreal . All trading through the Exchange is done electronically , so the Exchange does not have a `` trading floor '' . It was previously known as the Canadian Venture Exchange ( CDNX ) , but in 2001 the TSX Group ( now known as the TMX Group ) purchased it and renamed it . The TMX Group also owns the Toronto Stock Exchange ( TSX ) . The Toronto Stock Exchange is the senior equity market , while the TSX Venture Exchange is a public venture capital marketplace for emerging companies . As of November 2010 , the TSX Venture Exchange had 2,364 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of $ 60,811,203,235 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09415403810f75476fc23fd45fe0f0be", "text": "Space Launch Initiative The Space Launch Initiative ( SLI ) was a NASA and U.S. Department of Defense joint research and technology project to determine the requirements to meet all the nation 's hypersonics , space launch and space technology needs . The program began with the award of reusable launch vehicle study contracts in 2000 . In November 2002 it was evolved into the Orbital Space Plane Program and the Next Generation Launch Technology Program . The primary goal of this research was to increase safety and reliability and to reduce overall costs associated with building , flying and maintaining the nation 's next generation of space launch vehicles . NASA anticipated that these advances would revitalize the nation 's space transportation capabilities , and dramatically improve NASA 's ability to conduct science and exploration missions in space . \| This program was ended with the cancellation of the X-33 and X-34 and the conclusion of the X-43 programs . NASA changed its focus to Constellation Program . The Space Launch Initiative Propulsion Office , managed by NASA 's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville , Ala. , sought to advance technologies and explore new avenues of space propulsion to develop safer , more reliable and affordable propulsion solutions . Four main engine candidates for a second generation reusable launch vehicle emerged , including two hydrogen-fueled ( COBRA , RS-83 , TR-106 ) and two kerosene-fueled ( RS-84 , TR-107 ) staged combustion engines . California Poly Pomona 's Professor Steven Dobbs was the Lead Systems Engineer on the project , making significant use of the program as an example for failed systems engineering .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ecb85192e97080f4e9a04417abf89da", "text": "Commercial Crew Development Commercial Crew Development ( CCDev ) is a multiphase , space technology development program that is funded by the U.S. government and administered by NASA . The program is intended to stimulate development of privately operated crew vehicles to be launched into low Earth orbit . The program is run by NASA 's Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Office ( C3PO ) . In 2010 , in the first phase of the program , NASA provided $ 50 million combined to five American companies ; the money was intended for research and development into private-sector human spaceflight concepts and technologies . NASA solicited a second set of CCdev proposals for technology development projects lasting for a maximum of 14 months in October of that year . In April 2011 , NASA announced they would award up to nearly $ 270 million to four companies as they met their CCDev 2 objectives . NASA awarded Space Act Agreements for the third phase , named CCiCap , in August 2012 ; this would last until 2014 . CCiCap is followed by CCtCap with Federal Acquisition Regulation ( FAR ) Part 15 contracts , which formed the fourth and final phase of the program . Contracts were awarded to SpaceX and Boeing in September 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5663e31ccdde9e7abd34cfc9afa44f06", "text": "SpaceDev SpaceDev , a part of the `` Space Systems Business '' of Sierra Nevada Corporation , is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work . It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen 's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites . It is also developing micro - and nano-satellites , a small expendable launch vehicle , the SpaceDev Streaker , and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own , the SpaceDev Dream Chaser , in collaboration with NASA . SpaceDev is based near San Diego in Poway , California . Its objective is to make routine commercial spaceflight possible and to help open space for all of humanity . Previously a publicly traded company ( OTCBB : SPDV ) , on 20 October 2008 SpaceDev officials announced that the company would be acquired by Sierra Nevada Corporation , a privately owned company . The announced acquisition price was 38 million dollars . The role of SpaceDev will be melded into another of Sierra Nevada 's subsidiary companies , MicroSat , to create a more complete space technology unit . On December 16 , 2008 SpaceDev announced its acquisition by Sierra Nevada Corporation had been completed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2a85ef86b85e9d748fa022934bc2b7a", "text": "Final Frontier Design Final Frontier Design is a seed-stage startup company that builds and tests spacesuits . The company 's products both enable , and are enabled by , the more recent lower-cost access to space epitomized by NewSpace launch companies such as SpaceX , Virgin Galactic and XCOR Aerospace . FFD was awarded a Phase I SBIR in 2011 and developed pressure garment glove technology under this contract . In July 2011 , Final Frontier Design won third place in the 2011 NewSpace Business Plan Competition in Silicon Valley , sponsored by the Space Frontier Foundation . In December 2014 , Final Frontier Design obtained an official Space Act Agreement with NASA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba49119b432145c655688015ae63f02b", "text": "SOAR (spaceplane) SOAR was a partially reusable air-launched spaceplane launch system concept designed to launch small satellites on a suborbital or orbital trajectory . The vehicle , derived from the Hermes spacecraft developed by the European Space Agency , was planned to be built , launched , and operated by Swiss Space Systems . The spaceplane was planned to launch from an Airbus A300 aircraft named S3 Zero Gravity Airliner . Once at altitude , the spaceplane was planned to separate from the aircraft and ignite an NK-39 engine developed by Russian Federal Space Agency . After fuel depletion at about 80 kilometers altitude , the plane was planned to release its payload before gliding back and landing on Earth . The launch vehicle was planned to also have low Earth orbit capability when launched in conjunction with an expendable upper stage . Swiss Space Systems has contracted the Russian firm RKK Energia to develop the upper stage . With an upper stage , the spacecraft was planned to be able to launch a 250 kilogram payload into orbit . Swiss Space Systems claimed that the spaceplane could cost about four times less than current suborbital launch costs . The spaceplane was notionally targeted to have its first test launch by 2017 . However , following financial trouble , the company was declared bankrupt in a Swiss civil court , ending operations of the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5883c4ccbabaa521f80fe15a3a2d5baf", "text": "Scientific Atlanta Scientific Atlanta , Inc. is a Georgia-based manufacturer of cable television , telecommunications , and broadband equipment . Scientific Atlanta was founded in 1951 by a group of engineers from the Georgia Institute of Technology , and was purchased by Cisco Systems in 2005 for $ 6.9 billion after Cisco received anti-trust clearance for the purchase . The Cisco acquisition of Scientific Atlanta was ranked in the top 10 of largest technology acquisitions in history and was Cisco 's largest acquisition to date . Prior to the purchase , Scientific Atlanta had been a Fortune 500 company and was one of the top 25 largest corporations in Georgia . Scientific Atlanta was considered by many to be `` the patriarch of Atlanta 's technology industry for nearly six decades '' and is sometimes referred to as `` Atlanta 's Microsoft or Hewlett Packard '' . It was considered `` core to the development of technology in the Atlanta region '' and `` was to Atlanta what Hewlett-Packard was to Silicon Valley '' because of its legacy of spawning more than 35 substantial companies in the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c3ffbe63e854103112e731a533789a7", "text": "Space Shuttle Independence Space Shuttle Independence , formerly known as Explorer , is a full-scale , high-fidelity replica of the Space Shuttle . It was built by Guard-Lee in Apopka , Florida , installed at Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in 1993 , and moved to Space Center Houston in 2012 . It was built using schematics , blueprints and archival documents provided by NASA and by shuttle contractors such as Rockwell International . While many of the features on the replica are simulated , some parts , including the landing gear 's Michelin tires , have been used in the Space Shuttle program . The model is 122.7 ft long , 54 ft high , has a 78 ft wingspan , and weighs 171860 lb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81d1c0a96c18bb9fc561f937ca730ab0", "text": "MacX MacX is a display server implementation supporting the X11 display server protocol that ran on System 7 , Mac OS 8 , and Mac OS 9 . It also ran under A/UX . Prior to X11R4 and the introduction of the PowerPC-based Power Macintosh , this server was developed internally by Apple Inc. for the Motorola 68000 based Macintoshes . MacX was initially developed within the Networking and Communications organization as one component of the Apple DEC Alliance suite of products , but later was moved to Apple 's A/UX group since X11 was ( and is ) an important part of UNIX user interfaces . Versions supporting X11R4 and X11R5 were developed for Apple by a small team of engineers at AGE Logic , Inc. , a San Diego , California company . AGE also OEMed the MacX software under the trade name XoftWare for Macintosh . Apple provided early versions of the Power Macintosh to AGE Logic , and the result was a binary that supported both the Power Macintosh as well as earlier , 68000-based systems . AGE Logic was later acquired by a Silicon Valley company named NetManage in the mid-1990s . NetManage was headquartered directly across the street from Apple in Cupertino , California . XoftWare for Macintosh was merged into NetManage 's product offering for the Macintosh , which included a wide variety of standalone Internet desktop applications ( e.g. , telnet , archie search engine , gopher protocol , FTP ) , along with various software titles , mainly terminal emulators that were acquired by AGE Logic when it purchased Pacer Software earlier in the decade . By 1998 , Apple had discontinued MacX as it transitioned from the classic Mac OS to the Unix-like Mac OS X , which had ample support for X11 ( earlier versions of Mac OS X did not directly support X11 , but as of Mac OS X v10 .3 , X11.app has been made available directly from Apple ) . NetManage disbanded its Macintosh group earlier , around 1996 , and as a result , discontinued support of XoftWare for Macintosh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f15c532de8dc2077d50e5899b3878fd9", "text": "Soyuz (rocket family) Soyuz ( Союз , meaning `` union '' , GRAU index 11A511 ) is a family of expendable launch systems developed by OKB-1 , and manufactured by Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center in Samara , Russia . The Soyuz launch vehicle is the most frequently used launch vehicle in the world . After the U.S. Space Shuttle program ended in 2011 , Soyuz rockets became the only launch vehicle able to transport astronauts to the International Space Station . The Soyuz vehicles are used as the launcher for the manned Soyuz spacecraft as part of the Soyuz program , as well as to launch unmanned Progress supply spacecraft to the International Space Station and for commercial launches marketed and operated by Starsem and Arianespace . All Soyuz rockets use RP-1 and liquid oxygen ( LOX ) propellant , with the exception of the Soyuz-U2 , which used Syntin , a variant of RP-1 , with LOX . In the United States , it has the Library of Congress designation A-2 . The Soyuz family is a subset of the R-7 family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffa6b057a5908cc7c6ae561933b3a3e4", "text": "THUMS Islands The THUMS Islands or Astronaut Islands are a set of four artificial islands in San Pedro Bay off the coast of Long Beach , California . They were built in 1965 to tap into the East Wilmington Oil Field . The landscaping and sound walls were designed to camouflage the operation and reduce noise , and they are the only decorated oil islands in the United States . After a 1964 court case that gave the state of California mineral rights to the area , the islands were built at an estimated cost of $ 22 million in 1965 , the islands were operated by THUMS , a consortium named after the parent companies who bid for the island contract : Texaco , Humble ( now Exxon ) , Union Oil , Mobil , and Shell . The rim of the islands are made of 640,000 tons of boulders from Catalina Island , and the islands were then filled with 3.2 million cubic yards of dredged material from the bay . The islands contain significant landscaping , a waterfall , and tall structures concealing the drilling rigs , including one known as The Condo and mistaken for `` a ritzy hotel '' by those on land . The structures are lit in colored lights at night . The aesthetic mitigation cost $ 10 million at time of construction , and was overseen by theme park architect Joseph Linesch . They were described by a Los Angeles Times writer as `` part Disney , part Jetsons , part Swiss Family Robinson '' . In 1975 , the state of California and the city of Long Beach sued the THUMS oil companies for artificially depressing oil prices . A federal jury cleared Exxon of all charges , and the other four oil companies settled out of court for `` hundreds of millions of dollars '' . The islands and operation were purchased by Occidental Petroleum in 2000 . Since 1967 , they have been known as the Astronaut Islands , having been renamed in honor of four American astronauts who lost their lives in the service of NASA . Island Freeman ( Theodore C. `` Ted '' Freeman ) is named for the first astronaut to perish in active duty ( piloting a T-38 Talon jet trainer ) . Island Grissom ( Virgil I. `` Gus '' Grissom ) , Island White ( Edward H. White II ) , and Island Chaffee ( Roger B. Chaffee ) are named after the Apollo 1 astronauts ( launch pad accident ) . A peak of 148495 oilbbl/d were produced in 1969 . 300 Moilbbl of oil were pumped from THUMS by 1974 , the 500 millionth barrel of crude oil was pumped in 1980 . By 1992 , the pumping volume was 44444 oilbbl of oil per day through the water injection method of oil recovery , producing low-grade crude oil . By April 2002 , the 900 millionth barrel of oil was pumped . The pumped oil contained 20 % water in 1965 , and by 1994 it was 92 % water . Island Grissom is the closest to land , containing waterfalls and more sculptured screens than the other islands . The screens and decorations also serve to deter the public from swimming to the islands ( trespassers are subject to arrest ) . Island Freeman is the largest of the islands , at 12 acre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7911aeffd13d22ec6cff8f5c783edd69", "text": "Goddard Space Flight Center The Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ) is a major NASA space research laboratory established on May 1 , 1959 as NASA 's first space flight center . GSFC employs approximately 10,000 civil servants and contractors , and is located approximately 6.5 mi northeast of Washington , D.C. in Greenbelt , Maryland , United States . GSFC , one of ten major NASA field centers , is named in recognition of Dr. Robert H. Goddard ( 1882 -- 1945 ) , the pioneer of modern rocket propulsion in the United States . GSFC is the largest combined organization of scientists and engineers in the United States dedicated to increasing knowledge of the Earth , the Solar System , and the Universe via observations from space . GSFC is a major U.S. laboratory for developing and operating unmanned scientific spacecraft . GSFC conducts scientific investigation , development and operation of space systems , and development of related technologies . Goddard scientists can develop and support a mission , and Goddard engineers and technicians can design and build the spacecraft for that mission . Goddard scientist John C. Mather shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on COBE . GSFC also operates two spaceflight tracking and data acquisition networks ( the Space Network and the Near Earth Network ) , develops and maintains advanced space and Earth science data information systems , and develops satellite systems for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) . GSFC manages operations for many NASA and international missions including the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) , the Explorer program , the Discovery Program , the Earth Observing System ( EOS ) , INTEGRAL , MAVEN , OSIRIS-REx , the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) , the Solar Dynamics Observatory ( SDO ) , and Swift . Past missions managed by GSFC include the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) , Compton Gamma Ray Observatory , SMM , COBE , IUE , and ROSAT . Typically , unmanned earth observation missions and observatories in Earth orbit are managed by GSFC , while unmanned planetary missions are managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) in Pasadena , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c398100fcd49fe88d07686fb8eae695e", "text": "Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future Elon Musk : Tesla , SpaceX , and the Quest for a Fantastic Future is Ashlee Vance 's biography of Elon Musk , published in 2015 . The book traces Elon Musk 's life from his childhood up to the time he spent at Zip2 and Paypal , and then onto SpaceX , Tesla , and SolarCity . In the book , Vance managed to get regular interviews with Musk , those close to him , and those who were with him at the most important points of his life ; Musk had no control over the biography 's contents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8dc9cb371d031a65fd8ad795f2bf631", "text": "Mars Express Mars Express is a space exploration mission being conducted by the European Space Agency ( ESA ) . The Mars Express mission is exploring the planet Mars , and is the first planetary mission attempted by the agency . `` Express '' originally referred to the speed and efficiency with which the spacecraft was designed and built . However `` Express '' also describes the spacecraft 's relatively short interplanetary voyage , a result of being launched when the orbits of Earth and Mars brought them closer than they had been in about 60,000 years . Mars Express consists of two parts , the Mars Express Orbiter and the Beagle 2 , a lander designed to perform exobiology and geochemistry research . Although the lander failed to fully deploy after it landed on the Martian surface , the orbiter has been successfully performing scientific measurements since early 2004 , namely , high-resolution imaging and mineralogical mapping of the surface , radar sounding of the subsurface structure down to the permafrost , precise determination of the atmospheric circulation and composition , and study of the interaction of the atmosphere with the interplanetary medium . Due to the valuable science return and the highly flexible mission profile , Mars Express has been granted six mission extensions , the latest until the end of 2016 . Some of the instruments on the orbiter , including the camera systems and some spectrometers , reuse designs from the failed launch of the Russian Mars 96 mission in 1996 ( European countries had provided much of the instrumentation and financing for that unsuccessful mission ) . The design of Mars Express is based on ESA 's Rosetta mission , on which a considerable sum was spent on development . The same design was also used for the Venus Express mission in order to increase reliability and reduce development cost and time . Because of these redesigns and repurposings , the total cost of the project was about $ 345 million - less than half of comparable U.S. missions . On 19 October 2014 , the ESA reported the Mars Express is healthy after the Comet Siding Spring flyby of Mars on 19 October 2014 -- as are , as well , all NASA Mars orbiters and ISRO 's orbiter , the Mars Orbiter Mission . Arriving at Mars in 2003 , ago ( and counting ) , it is the second longest surviving , continually active spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth , behind only NASA 's still active 2001 Mars Odyssey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "693369c4e99eb9a15644e515dadc7e9f", "text": "United Launch Alliance United Launch Alliance ( ULA ) is a joint venture of Lockheed Martin Space Systems and Boeing Defense , Space & Security . ULA was formed in December 2006 by combining the teams at these companies which provide spacecraft launch services to the government of the United States . U.S. government launch customers include both the Department of Defense and NASA , as well as other organizations . With ULA , Lockheed and Boeing held a monopoly on military launches for more than a decade , until the US Air Force awarded a GPS satellite contract to SpaceX in 2016 . ULA provides launch services using three expendable launch systems -- Delta II , Delta IV and Atlas V . The Atlas and Delta launch system families have been used for more than 50 years to carry a variety of payloads including weather , telecommunications and national security satellites , as well as deep space and interplanetary exploration missions in support of scientific research . ULA also provides launch services for non-government satellites : Lockheed Martin retains the rights to market Atlas commercially . Beginning in October 2014 , ULA announced that they intended to undertake a substantial restructuring of the company , its products and processes , in the coming years in order to decrease launch costs . ULA is planning on building a new rocket that will be a successor to the Atlas V , using a new rocket engine on the first stage . In April 2015 , they unveiled the new vehicle as the Vulcan , with the first flight of a new first stage no earlier than 2019 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6febfda3781b00c17439faca2338b831", "text": "Coalition for Deep Space Exploration The Coalition for Deep Space Exploration is a United States space advocacy organization for space industry businesses and non-profit groups supporting continued government investment in space exploration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b159334e065afdd32e119ad7d2a71a7", "text": "Space Shuttle design process See also Space Shuttle program - Conception and development Even before the Project Apollo moon landing in 1969 , NASA began studies of space shuttle designs as early as October 1968 . The early studies were denoted `` Phase A '' , and in June 1970 , `` Phase B '' , which were more detailed and specific . The primary intended use of the space shuttle was supporting the future space station , ferrying a minimum crew of four and about 20000 lb of cargo , and able to be rapidly turned around for future flights . Two designs emerged as front-runners . One was designed by engineers at the Manned Spaceflight Center , and championed especially by George Mueller . This was a two-stage system with delta-winged spacecraft , and generally complex . An attempt to re-simplify was made in the form of the DC-3 , designed by Maxime Faget , who had designed the Mercury capsule among other vehicles . Numerous offerings from a variety of commercial companies were also offered , but generally fell by the wayside as each NASA lab pushed for its own version . All of this was taking place in the midst of other NASA teams proposing a wide variety of post-Apollo missions , a number of which would cost as much as Apollo or more . As each of these projects fought for funding , the NASA budget was at the same time being severely constrained . Three were eventually presented to Vice President Agnew in 1969 . The shuttle project rose to the top , largely due to tireless campaigning by its supporters . By 1970 the shuttle had been selected as the one major project for the short-term post-Apollo time frame . When funding for the program came into question , there were concerns that the project might be cancelled . This led to an effort to interest the US Air Force in using the shuttle for their missions as well . The Air Force was mildly interested , but demanded a much larger vehicle , far larger than the original concepts . To lower the development costs of the resulting designs , boosters were added , a throw-away fuel tank was adopted , and many other changes made that greatly lowered the reusability and greatly added to vehicle and operational costs . With the Air Force 's approval , the system emerged in its operational form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ca64fa58a726cad97d2c856f4b15207", "text": "StartX StartX is a non-profit business incubator associated with Stanford University . It was founded by Cameron Teitelman in 2011 . it began as a spin-off of Stanford Student Enterprises , the non-profit financial arm of the Associated Students of Stanford University , which sponsored earlier events called SSE Labs in 2009 and then SSE Ventures . The StartX incubator differentiates itself from other incubators in Silicon Valley , such as Y Combinator , in that it is an educational non-profit 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) organization that takes no equity in the companies it helps start . At least one member of each company must have some Stanford connection , but undergraduates , graduates , faculty and staff are involved in the seminars and advise program . One of its first ventures , Alphonso Labs , developed the Pulse App . WifiSlam was acquired by Apple Inc for about $ 20 million . StartX 's staff is primarily composed of student volunteers from Stanford . StartX received a $ 800,000 grant from the Kauffman Foundation in August 2012 ( which allowed Teitelman to earn a salary ) , and $ 400,000 from Silicon Valley companies in February 2012 . In May 2012 , StartX created a specialized track , called StartX Med , for medical-related startup companies . In September 2013 , Stanford announced a grant of $ 1.2 million every year for three years to StartX . Along with Stanford Hospital and Clinics , it created a new Stanford-StartX fund ( of uncapped amount ) to invest in current and alumni StartX companies . To receive the investment from Stanford , StartX companies must raise at least $ 500,000 on their own from professional angel investors or venture capitalists . Stanford-StartX approved 6 companies by 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6be962dd8f15d2a3c55a6386947832a1", "text": "Spaceflight Industries Spaceflight Industries , Inc. is a private aerospace company that specializes in the launch of secondary payloads ranging from 1 kg up to 300 kg micro satellites from a variety of space launch vehicles , such as Antares , Dnepr , Soyuz , and Falcon 9 , as well as from the ISS .", "title": "" } ]	fever
43321898b999498f5777adf2bf76d965	The Uruguay national football team won competitions.	[ { "docid": "a2e41c21877f0bb0d1483937ababbfd1", "text": "2011 Copa América The 2011 Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América , better known as the 2011 Copa América or the Copa América 2011 Argentina , was the 43rd edition of the Copa América , the main international football tournament for national teams in South America . The competition was organized by CONMEBOL , South America 's football governing body , and was held in Argentina from 1 to 24 July . The draw for the tournament was held in La Plata on 11 November 2010 . Uruguay won the tournament after defeating Paraguay 3 -- 0 in the final , giving them a record 15th Copa América title and their first since 1995 . Paraguay , as the tournament runner-up , earned the Copa Bolivia ; Paraguay 's performance was noteworthy , as they were able to reach the finals without winning a single game in the tournament ; their success in the final stages was achieved by the way of penalty shoot-outs . As the tournament champion , Uruguay earned the right to represent CONMEBOL in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , held in Brazil . Peru finished third after defeating Venezuela 4 -- 1 in the third-place match .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3291bb1d71e0bc104037544c718a551", "text": "1950 FIFA World Cup The 1950 FIFA World Cup , held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950 , was the fourth FIFA World Cup . It was the first World Cup since 1938 , the planned 1942 and 1946 competitions having been cancelled owing to World War II . It was won by Uruguay , who had won the inaugural competition in 1930 , clinching the cup by beating the hosts Brazil 2 -- 1 in the deciding match of the four-team final group ( this was the only tournament not decided by a one-match final ) . It was also the first tournament where the trophy was referred to as the Jules Rimet Cup , to mark the 25th anniversary of Jules Rimet 's presidency of FIFA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1ecdf36b9deded9b075ab64e11903b6", "text": "Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics At the 1924 Summer Olympics held in Paris , Uruguay dominated the football tournament winning the Gold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae1db1b7cb0e1de56fc712d5c457c367", "text": "Copa América Copa América ( America Cup ) , known until 1975 as the South American Football Championship ( Campeonato Sudamericano de Fútbol in Spanish ) , is an international men 's football tournament contested between national teams from CONMEBOL . It is the oldest international continental football competition . The competition determines the continental champion of South America . Since the 1990s , teams from North America and Asia have also been invited to participate . Since 1993 , the tournament has generally featured 12 teams -- all 10 CONMEBOL teams and two additional teams from other confederations . Mexico has participated in every tournament since 1993 , with one additional team drawn from CONCACAF , except for 1999 , when AFC team Japan filled out the 12-team roster . The 2016 version of the event , Copa América Centenario , featured sixteen teams , with six teams from CONCACAF in addition to the 10 from CONMEBOL . Mexico 's two runner-up finishes are the highest for a non-CONMEBOL side . Eight of the ten CONMEBOL national teams have won the tournament at least once in its 45 stagings since the event 's inauguration in 1916 , with only Ecuador and Venezuela yet to win . Uruguay has the most championships in the tournament 's history , with 15 cups , while the current champion , Chile , has two cups . Argentina , which hosted the inaugural edition in 1916 , has hosted the tournament the most times , having hosted nine times . The United States is the only non-CONMEBOL country to host , having hosted the event in 2016 . On three occasions ( in 1975 , 1979 , and 1983 ) , the tournament was held in multiple South American countries . The Copa América is one of the most prestigious and most widely viewed sporting events in the world . The highest finishing member of CONMEBOL has the right to participate in the next edition of the FIFA Confederations Cup , but is not obliged to do so .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95d3812fc1bd8bdb37dbae60baaaf234", "text": "1980 Mundialito The 1980 Mundialito ( Spanish for `` little World Cup '' ) , or Copa de Oro de Campeones Mundiales ( `` World Champions ' Gold Cup '' ) , was a special international football tournament held in Montevideo , Uruguay , from December 30 , 1980 , to January 10 , 1981 , in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the first World Cup tournament , which had been celebrated in 1930 at the same venue . The national teams invited were Uruguay ( hosts ) , Italy , West Germany , Brazil , Netherlands , and Argentina , at the time the six former World Cup-winning nations except for the Netherlands -- 1974 and 1978 World Cup runners-up -- replacing England , who declined the invitation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ef6301f8192856dc5d573536edc4542", "text": "FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup , often simply called the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the senior men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War . The current champion is Germany , which won its fourth title at the 2014 tournament in Brazil . The current format of the competition involves a qualification phase , which currently takes place over the preceding three years , to determine which teams qualify for the tournament phase , which is often called the World Cup Finals . 32 teams , including the automatically qualifying host nation ( s ) , compete in the tournament phase for the title at venues within the host nation ( s ) over a period of about a month . The 20 World Cup tournaments have been won by eight different national teams . Brazil have won five times , and they are the only team to have played in every tournament . The other World Cup winners are Germany and Italy , with four titles each ; Argentina and inaugural winner Uruguay , with two titles each ; and England , France and Spain , with one title each . The World Cup is the most prestigious association football tournament in the world as well as the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world , exceeding even the Olympic Games ; the cumulative audience of all matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup was estimated to be 26.29 billion with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the final match , a ninth of the entire population of the planet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ceafd905edb1d43d52a861e06701ea31", "text": "Uruguay national football team The Uruguay national football team represents Uruguay in international association football and is controlled by the Uruguayan Football Association , the governing body for football in Uruguay . The current head coach is Óscar Tabárez . The Uruguayan team is commonly referred to as La Celeste ( The Sky Blue ) . The Uruguayan team recently won the 2011 Copa América . They have won the Copa América 15 times , being the team that has won the tournament on most occasions . The team has won the FIFA World Cup twice , including the first World Cup in 1930 as hosts , defeating Argentina 4 -- 2 in the final . They won their second title in 1950 , upsetting host Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final match , which received an attendance higher than any football match ever . They have won the Gold Medals in football at the Summer Olympics twice , in 1924 and 1928 recognized by FIFA as World Cup , before the creation of the World Cup . Uruguay also won the 1980 Mundialito , a tournament among former World Cup champions . In total , Uruguay have won 20 official titles , a world record for the most international titles held by any country . Another unique achievement of Uruguay is that it ´ s the only nation in world football to organize multiple major international tournaments in own country and win them all . La Celeste won 7 Copa América tournaments , 1 World Cup and Mundialito , all staged in Uruguay . Their success is amplified by the fact that the nation has a very small population of around 3.4 million inhabitants ( 2011 est. ) . Uruguay is by far the smallest country in the world to have won a World Cup in terms of population , 1.75 million inhabitants in 1930 . The second-smallest country , by population , to have won the World Cup is Argentina with a population of nearly 28 million people in 1978 . Uruguay is also the smallest country ever to win any World Cup medals ; only five nations with a currently smaller population than Uruguay 's have ever participated in any World Cup : Northern Ireland ( three times ) , Slovenia ( twice ) , Wales , Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "11367cfbb0e92e10828f51d91099ac37", "text": "Uruguay A national rugby union team The Uruguay A national rugby union team are the second national rugby union team behind the Uruguay national side .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fabe14197a2b8d5a0db7cda1b70d6f85", "text": "Diego Forlán Diego Forlán Corazzo ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo forˈlan -RSB- ; born 19 May 1979 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Mumbai City FC . He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe , and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup . He is regarded as one of the greatest Uruguayan players of all time . Forlán joined Argentine club Independiente after rising through their youth team , and after a successful four-year spell , he signed for Manchester United of England . His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente , although he won the Premier League in 2002 -- 03 and the FA Cup in 2003 -- 04 . In the summer of 2004 , he moved on to Spanish side Villarreal . In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal , Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy . After two more successful seasons with Villarreal , Forlán joined Atlético Madrid , where he once again became the league 's top scorer , and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in the 2003 -- 04 season . Forlán scored in Atlético 's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham . In 2011 , he joined Inter Milan of Italy before moving to Internacional in 2012 . Forlán also had a successful international career , scoring 36 times for his country since his 2002 debut , including one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times as Uruguay came fourth at the 2010 World Cup , being recognised with the Golden Ball award for the best player at the tournament . On 12 July 2011 , at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina , Forlán earned his 79th international cap , against Mexico , breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodríguez since 1986 . On 20 June 2013 , in a match against Nigeria at the 2013 Confederations Cup , he became the first Uruguayan to win 100 caps . With 36 goals , Forlán was Uruguay 's all-time leading top scorer from 2011 until Luis Suárez overtook him two years later . He retired from international football on 11 March 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8ae0e4c5dfe9d9028879475a8eecd23", "text": "Copa Aldao The Copa Ricardo Aldao ( English : Ricardo Aldao Cup ) , popularly called Campeonato Rioplatense and Copa Río de La Plata , was a football club competition contested annually , albeit irregularly , between the league champions of Argentina and Uruguay . The cup is one of several inter-South American club competitions that have been organised on the continent . The first competition was scheduled for the 1913 season ( although it was never played ) and the last in 1955 ( actually played in 1959 , no champions proclaimed ) . The Copa Ricardo Aldao is seen today as the first stepping-stone into the creation of Copa Libertadores . In 2009 , when the IFFHS proclaimed Peñarol of Montevideo as the best South American team of the 20th century , they took into consideration the Copa Aldao and other international club tournaments played in South America before the beginning of Copa Libertadores in 1960 . In August 2015 a CONMEBOL 's article described Aldao Cup as the first official international professional football cup in South America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a747c8370cdbb90468cd5e019d4b4a8", "text": "Paraguay national football team The Paraguay national football team is controlled by the Paraguayan Football Association ( Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol ) and represents Paraguay in men 's international football competitions . Paraguay is a member of CONMEBOL . The Albirroja has qualified for eight FIFA World Cup competitions ( 1930 , 1950 , 1958 , 1986 , 1998 , 2002 , 2006 and 2010 ) and has reached the second round of the competition on four occasions . A regular participant at the Copa América , Paraguay have been crowned champions of the competition on two occasions ( in 1953 and 1979 ) . Paraguay 's highest FIFA World Rankings is 8th ( March 2001 ) and lowest is 103 ( May 1995 ) , and was awarded second place with Best Move of the Year in 1996 . The national team 's most successful period was under the coaching of Argentine Gerardo Martino , who was awarded with the South American Coach of the Year in 2007 and took Paraguay to the quarter-final stages of a FIFA World Cup competition for the first time in history ( in 2010 ) and also to the final of the 2011 Copa América , where Paraguay finished as runners-up . In the entire national team 's history at the FIFA World Cup , both Carlos Gamarra and José Luis Chilavert hold the distinction of being selected as part of the All-Star Team , being for the 1998 edition . Paulo da Silva holds the most amount of appearances for the national team with 133 and Roque Santa Cruz is the all-time leading goal scorer with 32 goals . Denis Caniza , who was present with the national team from 1996 to 2010 , is the only player to have represented Paraguay in four consecutive FIFA World Cup competitions ( 1998 , 2002 , 2006 , 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6abf201dfd8ea04331ed740f0d821f0", "text": "Jorge Barrios (footballer) Jorge Wálter Barrios Balestrasse ( born January 24 , 1961 in Las Piedras ) is a retired football midfielder from Uruguay , who was nicknamed `` Chifle '' during his professional career . Having made his official debut on July 18 , 1980 against Peru ( 0-0 ) , Barrios obtained a total number of 61 international caps for the Uruguay national football team . He was a Mundialito Winner at the 1980 Copa D'Oro , and he scored the first goal in the final game against Brazil ( 2-1 ) on January 10 , 1981 . He represented his native country at the 1986 FIFA World Cup , against West Germany , Scotland ( as captain ) and Argentina wearing the number eight jersey . Away of Uruguay , he made a significant career in Greece with Olympiakos for two years ( 1985-1987 ) and Levadiakos for four years ( 1987-1991 ) . After the end of his playing years Barrios became a manager and managed teams in Greece such as Doxa Dramas , Kavala FC and Ionikos . He also managed Olympiakos Nicosia of Cyprus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c98377a4f4d0c4690b0c804a9a9117b3", "text": "2011–12 Uruguayan Primera División season The 2011 -- 12 Liga Profesional de Primera División season , also known as the 2011 -- 12 Copa Uruguaya or the 2011 -- 12 Campeonato Uruguayo , is the 108th season of Uruguay 's top-flight football league , and the 81st in which it is professional . Nacional is the defending champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1d162fd413d8e45eb995c6ca3343389", "text": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of South Africa 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . South Africa have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on three occasion 's in 1998 , 2002 , and 2010 . Although South Africa has made three appearances in the World Cup , they have not made it past the first round . The team 's first attempt to qualify as for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . The team finished second in their group , behind Nigeria , who went on to play at the World Cup . Their first appearance was in France 1998 , six years after they had been readmitted to the global football family . Despite a 3 -- 0 drubbing to France in their opening game , they went on to draw against Denmark and Saudi Arabia , the team finished third and thus exited the tournament . Korea/Japan 2002 was expected to be an opportunity for Bafana Bafana to step up to the next level but they were eliminated at the group stage despite drawing to Paraguay and beating Slovenia 1 -- 0 for their first-ever World Cup win . The team finished third in their group , losing out to Paraguay on goal difference . The team failed to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup after finishing third in their qualifying group . Ghana won the group and progressed to the tournament , while Congo DR finished ahead of South Africa on head to head results . During the 2010 World Cup in South Africa , they beat France 2 -- 1 and drew 1 -- 1 to Mexico , but lost 0 -- 3 to Uruguay . They lost out on progression to the round of 16 , on goal difference , for their second World Cup in a row .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31b11f90d0f44666932714e24652d4de", "text": "Álvaro Gestido Álvaro Antonio Gestido Pose ( 17 May 1907 -- 18 January 1957 ) was a footballer from Uruguay . He was born in Montevideo . From 1926 to 1942 , he played for C.A. Peñarol . He also played 25 matches for the Uruguay national football team , winning the 1930 FIFA World Cup and the 1928 Summer Olympics . His brother Óscar Diego Gestido was President of Uruguay in 1967 . Category :1907 births Category :1930 FIFA World Cup players Category :1957 deaths Category : Sportspeople from Montevideo Category : Uruguayan footballers Category : Peñarol players Category : Uruguay international footballers Category : Olympic footballers of Uruguay Category : Footballers at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category : Olympic gold medalists for Uruguay Category : FIFA World Cup-winning players Category : Olympic medalists in football Category : Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category : Association football midfielders", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4cdfdc919790da75cfe7aba8b57aebe", "text": "Panama national football team The Panama national football team ( Selección de fútbol de Panama ) represents Panama in international football . The team is controlled by the governing body for football in Panama , Panamanian Football Federation , which is a member of CONCACAF and the regional UNCAF . Panama finished as runners-up in the 2005 Gold Cup and 2013 Gold Cup . Panama has never qualified for the World Cup , but it has reached the final ( `` Hexagonal '' ) round of the CONCACAF qualifications for the 2006 , 2014 , and 2018 tournaments . Panama is currently competing in this stage . Panama came very close to advancing out of the fourth round of the qualifications for the 2014 World Cup . In their last match , which was against the USA , they led 2 -- 1 after 90 minutes and were posed to advance to a play-off against New Zealand , but they conceded two goals in stoppage time and were eliminated , with Mexico taking the playoff slot instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "982d6001f1527828a22d2f7c406a0734", "text": "Fla–Flu Fla -- Flu ( truncation of Flamengo-Fluminense ) is an association football match between cross-town rivals Flamengo and Fluminense . Matches take place in the 78,000-seat Maracanã Stadium , located near downtown Rio de Janeiro , in the city 's Maracanã district . The world record football match attendance between clubs is a Fla 0-0 Flu with 194,603 ( 177,656 paid ) in 1963 . The moniker Fla -- Flu was coined by the journalist Mário Filho during the professionalization of Rio de Janeiro 's football . Flamengo is the most successful team in Rio State Championship by one championship . Flamengo has won it 33 times while Fluminense has won 31 . Flamengo has won 6 Brazilian National Championships , as defined by the CBF , the 1987 Copa União ( an independent league organised by the Club of 13 ) and 3 Brazilian Cups . Fluminense has won 4 Brazilian National Championships and 1 Brazilian Cup . Fluminense has won the Copa Rio , which it claims to be equivalent to an intercontinental club tournament . Flamengo has won one Libertadores Cup and one Intercontinental Cup , both in 1981 . Fluminense is the only team in the world that holds the IOC 's Olympic Cup ( `` Coupe Olympique '' or `` Taça Olímpica '' ) , a non-competitive award for distinguished service in upholding the ideals of the Olympic Movement and to recognise the particular merits of institutions or associations and their services rendered to sport , conquered in 1949 . The rivalry between these two clubs began in October 1911 , when a group of dissatisfied players from Fluminense left the club , and went to Flamengo , which at the time had no football department . The first Fla -- Flu ever was played the following year , on July 7 , 1912 at Laranjeiras stadium . Fluminense won this match 3-2 , with 800 people in attendance . The Fla -- Flu matches are mentioned in Lamartine Babo 's unofficial , but very popular , Flamengo anthem composed in 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90a86e787a5094297dd9fc7461dcc68d", "text": "Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1abd547bbf44d06facc8b26599c9c600", "text": "Uruguay men's national volleyball team The Uruguay men 's national volleyball team represents Uruguay in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches . In the 1950s the squad twice won a silver medal ( 1951 and 1956 ) at the South American Championship . The dominant forces in men 's volleyball on the South American continent are Brazil and Argentina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873450269d447cb72e45df4c7e1b3dae", "text": "Football in Mexico Mexico 's most popular sport is association football . It is believed by some that football was introduced in Mexico by Cornish miners at the end of the 19th century . By 1902 a five-team league emerged with a strong English influence . Football became a professional sport in 1943 . Since then , Mexico 's top clubs have been América with 12 championships , Guadalajara with 11 , Toluca with 10 and Cruz Azul with 8 . Antonio Carbajal was the first player to appear in five World Cups , and Hugo Sánchez was named best CONCACAF player of the 20th century by IFFHS . Mexico 's biggest stadiums are Estadio Azteca , Estadio Olímpico Universitario and Estadio Jalisco . As of 2006 , it was estimated that there were over 324,000 registered players and 8,155,000 unregistered players in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc50f8c791b7a63beecaacb1313ed5d0", "text": "CONCACAF The Confederation of North , Central America and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF , -LSB- ˈkɒn.kəkæf -RSB- ) is the continental governing body for association football in North America , that includes Central America and the Caribbean regions . Three South American entities -- the independent nations of Guyana and Suriname and the French department of French Guiana -- are also members . CONCACAF 's primary functions are to organize competitions for national teams and clubs , and to conduct Men 's World Cup and Women 's World Cup qualifying tournaments . CONCACAF was founded in its current form on 18 September 1961 in Mexico City , Mexico , with the merger of the NAFC and the CCCF , which made it one of the then five , now six continental confederations affiliated with FIFA . Canada , Costa Rica , Cuba , El Salvador , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao ) , Nicaragua , Panama , Suriname and United States were founding members . CONCACAF is the third-most successful FIFA confederation . Mexico dominated CONCACAF men 's competition early on and has since won the most Gold Cups since the beginning of the tournament in its current format . The Mexican national team is the only CONCACAF team to win an official FIFA tournament by winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . They have also reached the Round of 16 for the past 6 World Cups . While the U.S. is the only country outside of Europe and South America to receive a medal in the World Cup , finishing third in 1930 , they also reached the 2002 World Cup quarterfinals and the 2009 Confederations Cup final . Between them , Mexico and the U.S. have won all but one of the editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup . In recent years Costa Rica has become a power in the region and in 2014 became the 4th CONCACAF country after the United States , Cuba , and Mexico to make the World Cup quarterfinals . The United States has been very successful in the women 's game , being the only CONCACAF member to win all three major worldwide competitions in women 's football -- the World Cup ( 3 ) , the Olympics ( 4 ) , and the Algarve Cup ( 10 ) . Canada is the only other member to win at least one of the major competitions , winning the Algarve Cup in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4817ab368aea98d6f04a56cfe909d1f3", "text": "Germany national football team The Germany national football team ( Die deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft or just Die Mannschaft ) is the men 's football team that has represented Germany in international competition since 1908 . It is governed by the German Football Association ( Deutscher Fußball-Bund ) , founded in 1900 . Ever since the DFB was reinaugurated in 1949 the team has represented the Federal Republic of Germany . Under Allied occupation and division , two other separate national teams were also recognised by FIFA : the Saarland team representing the Saarland ( 1950 -- 1956 ) and the East German team representing the German Democratic Republic ( 1952 -- 1990 ) . Both have been absorbed along with their records by the current national team . The official name and code `` Germany FR ( FRG ) '' was shortened to `` Germany ( GER ) '' following the reunification in 1990 . Germany is one of the most successful national teams in international competitions , having won a total of four World Cups ( 1954 , 1974 , 1990 , 2014 ) and three European Championships ( 1972 , 1980 , 1996 ) . They have also been runners-up three times in the European Championships , four times in the World Cup , and a further four third-place finishes at World Cups . East Germany won Olympic Gold in 1976 . Germany is the only nation to have won both the men 's and women 's World Cups . At the end of the 2014 FIFA World Cup , Germany earned the highest Elo rating of any national football team in history , with a record 2200 points . Germany is also the only European nation that has won a FIFA World Cup in the Americas . The current manager of the national team is Joachim Löw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c1c4875272d249cf29398574019932b", "text": "Senegal at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Senegal 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Senegal have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2002 where they reached the quarter finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64770286547f572a177f1484c14ed475", "text": "List of Intercontinental Cup (football) winners The Intercontinental Cup was an association football club competition contested annually from 1960 to 2004 between the winners of the European Cup and the South American Copa Libertadores . The competition was endorsed by both the Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) and the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol ( CONMEBOL ) and , until 1979 , it was played over two legs . From 1980 , its format was changed to a single match traditionally held in Tokyo , Japan , due to its new sponsorship . The Intercontinental Cup was disbanded in 2004 in favour of the FIFA Club World Cup , which includes the champion clubs from all of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) member confederations . In its first eight editions , the competition 's winner was decided on a points system ; if necessary , a play-off match would be held to determine the outcome in case of a tie . In 1968 , the system was changed so that aggregate score would dictate the winning club . If the tie was level after both legs , the away goals rule was applied . Nacional and Peñarol ( Uruguay ) , Boca Juniors ( Argentina ) , Real Madrid ( Spain ) , and A.C. Milan ( Italy ) hold the record for the most victories , each team having won the competition three times ; Milan and Independiente ( Argentina ) have the most runner-up places ( four ) . Overall , 25 different clubs won the competition during its 45 editions . Argentinian clubs won the most cups , with nine trophies among them ; Italian clubs won the second most ( seven ) , and Brazilian teams are third with six victories . The most successful confederation is CONMEBOL , teams representing the confederation have won the competition 22 times and been runners-up 21 times . Teams representing the European football confederation UEFA have won the competition 21 times and been runners-up 22 times . The last Intercontinental Cup was won by 2004 European champions Porto of Portugal , who beat Colombian side Once Caldas by 8 -- 7 in a penalty shootout , after the match finished 0 -- 0 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81a78bcddd28c7e53bd5207302574209", "text": "1987 Copa América Final The 1987 Copa América Final was the final match of the 1987 Copa América . It was held on July 12 , 1987 , in Buenos Aires . Uruguay won the match against Chile by a 1-0 score . This was the ninth cup for Uruguay and the second final for Chile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68c4daa2f1f5e51c4a5e3c18ab852e9", "text": "Association football culture Association football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football . In many countries , football has ingrained itself into the national culture , and parts of life may revolve around it . Many countries have daily football newspapers , as well as football magazines . Football players , especially in the top levels of the game , have become role models for people . The FIFA World Cup held every four years is the quintessential football event , combining the greatest players in the world and the passion of the fans . Football has a long and glorious history , with which a vast and diverse culture has emerged . The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players , fans and clubs see the sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed99c4a7fd246fdc4f4d563c93aa909a", "text": "Sport in Peru Sports in Peru are popular and widespread .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d0d4ab77d142a296084306aed40f2e05	Transformers: The Last Knight's cast includes Mark Wahlberg.	[ { "docid": "f6e0cd0690836bb4974bf40fc8100854", "text": "Transformers: The Last Knight Transformers : The Last Knight is an upcoming American science fiction action film based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . It is the fifth installment of the live-action Transformers film series and a direct sequel to 2014 's Transformers : Age of Extinction . The film was directed by Michael Bay , with Mark Wahlberg and Stanley Tucci reprising their roles from Age of Extinction alongside Josh Duhamel , Tyrese Gibson , and John Turturro from the first three movies . Bay has stated this film marks his final picture in the franchise . The film is set to be released on June 21 , 2017 by Paramount Pictures in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e6c4fd258513b86b07e6ddbc317b3d04", "text": "Beast Wars II: Super Life-Form Transformers is a 1998 Japanese Transformers anime series , spawning a movie and a toyline . It was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 1998 to January 1999 , and was the first Transformers anime to be produced by Nihon Ad Systems and animated by the studio Ashi Productions . While its position in the Transformers continuity has previously been unknown , the IDW Publishing comic book mini-series Beast Wars : The Gathering and comments from Transformers writer Simon Furman have shown it is part of the Beast Wars continuity . The series was preceded by Beast Wars , and was followed by Super Life-Form Transformers : Beast Wars Neo . Voices are done by Hozumi Gōda and each episode runs for 30 minutes . This anime was succeeded by Beast Wars Neo . The series has a much lighter tone and is aimed more towards children , whereas the more accessible Beast Wars was intended for a wider age range . The series also uses conventional animation rather than CGI . With the exceptions of the faction leaders , all of the characters within the series are either re-molds or re-colors of earlier Beast Wars figures or Generation 2/Machine Wars figures . In addition to the 43 episodes , there is also a 50-minute movie , Beast Wars II : Lio Convoy 's Close Call ! , which takes place sometime between episodes 32 and 38 , and a manga adaptation by Shoji Imaki . The only other country it was published in is Korea , and it was done by Daewon Media . The anime was also released in Korea , and it was broadcast on SBS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8308e801fad44d649bf01fafdaafcb", "text": "The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster . The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8786c3c2047f9f315f2d7c1b692a700b", "text": "War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson , Steve Zahn , Amiah Miller , Karin Konoval and Terry Notary . Principal photography began on October 14 , 2015 , in Vancouver . The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51ef683ea049df764870b3e794fb048f", "text": "Tow-Line Tow-Line is the name of two fictional characters in the various Transformers universes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20e05902ce2f2de46d2e6c0131e45c0f", "text": "Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards . Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08931a3823dd4048a181d7d1130379a", "text": "Kate Winslet filmography Kate Winslet is a British actress and singer who has appeared in numerous films and television series . Her film debut was as Juliet Hulme in the 1994 film Heavenly Creatures . She went on to appear in the later 1990s films Sense and Sensibility as Marianne Dashwood ( 1995 ) , which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , Jude as Sue Bridehead ( 1996 ) , Hamlet as Ophelia ( 1996 ) and Titanic as Rose DeWitt Bukater ( 1997 ) . For her role in Titanic , it earned her Best Actress nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award . In the 2000s , she was cast in Enigma with Dougray Scott ( 2001 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind with Jim Carrey ( 2004 ) , Finding Neverland with Johnny Depp ( 2004 ) , The Holiday with Jack Black ( 2006 ) , The Reader with David Kross ( 2008 ) and Revolutionary Road with Leonardo DiCaprio ( 2008 ) , her second collaboration with him , the first being in Titanic . She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Reader . She also lent her voice to the animated film Flushed Away in 2006 with Hugh Jackman . In 2011 , Winslet starred in the all-star cast films , in Contagion with Marion Cotillard , Matt Damon , Jude Law and Gwyneth Paltrow and in Carnage alongside Jodie Foster , Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly . In 2014 , she played Jeanine Matthews in the first film of the series , Divergent , based on the novel of the same name . She reprised the role in the 2015 sequel Insurgent . In 2015 , she starred in titular role in The Dressmaker and as an ex marketing chief of Apple Joanna Hoffman in a biopic Steve Jobs , earning her seventh Oscar nomination . Her television work includes appearing in several episodes of the series Dark Season in 1991 , and three episodes on Get Back from 1992 to 1993 . In 2005 , she appeared in an episode of Extras as herself and received her first Emmy nomination and went on to win one for her portrayal of Mildred Pierce Beragon in Todd Haynes 's 2011 miniseries Mildred Pierce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33ea65c5c3e02d55b92275c041ebe07", "text": "Transformers: Victory is an anime series produced by Toei Animation . It is a Japanese-produced spin-off of the well-known original Transformers cartoon , and the final complete animated series from the original `` Generation 1 '' era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb686d8df7e411a2ae3827a20748b39", "text": "Saw V Saw is a 2008 Canadian-American horror film directed by David Hackl and written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan and stars Tobin Bell , Costas Mandylor , Scott Patterson , Betsy Russell , Mark Rolston , Julie Benz , Carlo Rota , and Meagan Good . It is the fifth installment of the Saw franchise , and was released on October 23 , 2008 in Australia and October 24 , 2008 in North America . David Hackl , who served as the production designer of Saw , Saw , and Saw IV , and second-unit director for Saw and Saw IV made his directorial debut with Saw . Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan , the writers of the previous film , returned to write the film . Charlie Clouser , who provided the score for all previous Saw films , also returned to compose the score for the film . Saw creators James Wan and Leigh Whannell served as executive producers . The film focuses primarily on the events that led up to Detective Mark Hoffman becoming an apprentice of the Jigsaw Killer , as well as his efforts to prevent anyone else from learning his secret .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e2f0da157657339f6abf18774004d7", "text": "Transformers: Scramble City , sometimes referred to as just is an episode of The Transformers released as an OVA ( Original Video Animation ) in Japan in April 1986 . It was created as a promotional video for the new line of ` Scramble City ' toys and the cassettes were paired with the toy sets . Despite strong belief ( such as that voiced on the 20th Anniversary DVD bonus commentary for the episode ) , it was not meant to introduce Japanese audiences to the new characters from The Transformers : The Movie ( considering Ultra Magnus , Ramhorn , Steeljaw , and Ratbat are the only ones from the film that appear in it ) . Chronologically , it takes place years before the movie during the early stages of construction on Autobot City . But since Trypticon appeared ( and was supposed to debut in Five Faces of Darkness ) , it can be assumed that this video takes place after Alternity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70872fe702b5c1d334559997c24581c7", "text": "James Bachman James Hamilton Bachman ( born 24 February 1972 ) is an English comedian , actor and writer . He has written for and acted in many British television and radio programmes , including That Mitchell and Webb Look , Saxondale , Bleak Expectations and Sorry , I 've Got No Head . In 2014 he co-starred in the film Transformers : Age of Extinction . He is the grandson of the best-selling author M. M. Kaye , and holds both British and American citizenship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dac4d60c90a9e4740428736d3167e0da", "text": "Spike Witwicky Spike Witwicky is a regular character in the Transformers comics and television series . Spike and the rest of the Witwicky family members are the closest human allies of the Autobots . Their motto is `` No sacrifice , no victory '' . They appeared in the original television and comic book series and later in the live action films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8f3dd579236615f15cb5715efba2aed", "text": "Billy Dee Williams William December `` Billy Dee '' Williams Jr. ( born April 6 , 1937 ) is an American actor , artist , singer , and writer . He is best known for his role as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars film franchise , as well as acting in the movies Brian 's Song , Nighthawks , The Last Angry Man , Carter 's Army , and for playing Harvey Dent in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b91773ee1a049d5aca4ecb07a029d264", "text": "Steve Jablonsky Steve Jablonsky ( born October 9 , 1970 ) is an American composer for film , television and video games , best known for his musical scores in the Transformers film series . Some of his frequent collaboration partners include film directors Michael Bay and Peter Berg , and fellow composer Hans Zimmer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b246240eb97d10fe7b69cbcc8cb5d231", "text": "Transformers: Energon Transformers : Energon , known in Japan as , is the 2004 -- 2005 Transformers toyline , animated series , and comic book series , another co-production between Hasbro and Takara and a direct sequel to Transformers : Armada . It is also the first Japanese Transformers show where the Transformers are computer-generated ( CG ) , in a cel-shaded technique similar to the Zoids anime , which was a trend that would continue into the next series , Transformers : Cybertron . Needless to say , Energon had worse production mishaps than Armada . In this series , the Transformers ' primary gimmicks are the Autobots ' ability to combine with partners of the same size , the Decepticons ' ability to use powered up forms , and the addition of Energon weapons and stars that can be placed on any Transformer . Mini-Cons , from the previous line , are still present , but all Mini-Con pegs are `` dead '' , and they do not activate a function on the toy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41f84b51dd5781d6b11047cec25641c4", "text": "The Animatrix is a 2003 American-Japanese anthology anime film based on The Matrix trilogy produced by The Wachowskis , who wrote and directed the trilogy . The film is a compilation of nine animated short films , including four written by the Wachowskis . It details the backstory of the Matrix universe , including the original war between man and machines which led to the creation of the Matrix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9654a789e212ec4f0b6312947421724", "text": "Transformers Decepticons Transformers Decepticons is a video game based on fictional alien robots , Transformers . This version follows an alternate plot of the 2007 live action film Transformers . Most prominently , while the Autobots version has missions in the Arctic , the Decepticons version contain desert missions taking place in a Qatar military base .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f00cd5648ef443fa07d6695e505d35e", "text": "Ethan Van der Ryn Ethan Van der Ryn ( born October 21 , 1962 ) is a sound editor . He won 2 Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing for The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers and King Kong . He earned further Academy Awards nominations for Transformers ( 2007 ) , Transformers : Dark of the Moon ( 2011 ) and Argo ( 2012 ) . He is an alumnus of San Francisco State University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c54869cb3b7833cfbc2cff693fef8bd", "text": "Vic Mignogna Victor Joseph Mignogna ( -LSB- mɪnˈjɑːnə -RSB- ) is an American actor and musician known for his prolific voice-over work in the English dubs of Japanese anime shows , the most notable being Edward Elric from the Fullmetal Alchemist series , for which he earned the American Anime Award for Best Actor in 2007 . Other notable anime roles include Broly from the Dragon Ball Z films , Tamaki Suoh in Ouran High School Host Club , Fai D. Flowright in Tsubasa : Reservoir Chronicle , Dark Mousy in D.N.Angel , Kurz Weber in the Full Metal Panic ! series , Yoshimori Sumimura in Kekkaishi , Zero and Ichiru Kiryu in the Vampire Knight series , Christopher Aonuma in Digimon Fusion , Nagato in Naruto Shippuden , Ikkaku Madarame in Bleach and Koubun Ka in Magi : The Labyrinth of Magic . In video games , he is the voice of E-123 Omega in the Sonic the Hedgehog series and Junpei Iori from Shin Megami Tensei : Persona 3 . He was involved in music production in the Houston area . In live-action work , he has participated in several Star Trek fan productions , including Star Trek Continues where he plays Captain Kirk . He also voices Qrow Branwen in the American web series RWBY .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d5dad1ad424de4f38058f24fe5b99848	Nina Simone went to school in a city.	[ { "docid": "a10e97350c98b8e0ac8ab5b8e2f94c74", "text": "Nina Simone Nina Simone ( -LSB- ˈniːnə_sᵻˈmoʊn -RSB- born Eunice Kathleen Waymon ; February 21 , 1933 -- April 21 , 2003 ) was an American singer , songwriter , pianist , arranger , and activist in the Civil Rights Movement . Simone employed a broad range of musical styles including classical , jazz , blues , folk , R&B , gospel , and pop . Born in North Carolina , the sixth child of a preacher , Waymon aspired to be a concert pianist . With the help of a few supporters in her hometown of Tryon , North Carolina , she enrolled in the Juilliard School of Music in New York . Waymon then applied for a scholarship to study at the prestigious Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia , where she was denied despite a well-received audition . Waymon became fully convinced this rejection had been entirely due to her race , a statement that has been a matter of controversy . Years later , two days before her death , the Curtis Institute of Music bestowed on her an honorary degree . To make a living , Eunice Waymon changed her name to `` Nina Simone '' . The change related to her need to disguise herself from family members , having chosen to play `` the devil 's music '' or `` cocktail piano '' at a nightclub in Atlantic City . She was told in the nightclub that she would have to sing to her own accompaniment , and this effectively launched her career as a jazz vocalist . Simone recorded more than 40 albums , mostly between 1958 , when she made her debut with Little Girl Blue , and 1974 . She had a hit in the United States in 1958 with `` I Loves You , Porgy '' . Simone 's musical style fused gospel and pop with classical music , in particular Johann Sebastian Bach , and accompanied expressive , jazz-like singing in her contralto voice .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cba6947fe35c4558f21f0a6ce8585508", "text": "Hostos Community College Eugenio María de Hostos Community College of The City University of New York is a community college in the City University of New York ( CUNY ) system located in the South Bronx , New York City . Hostos Community College was created by an act of the Board of Higher Education in 1968 in response to demands from the Hispanic/Puerto Rican community , which was urging for the establishment of a college to serve the people of the South Bronx . In 1970 , the college admitted its first class of 623 students at the site of a former tire factory . Several years later , the college moved to a larger site nearby at 149th Street and Grand Concourse . Hostos is the first institution of higher education on the mainland to be named after a Puerto Rican , Eugenio María de Hostos , an educator , writer , and patriot . A large proportion ( approximately 60 percent ) of the student population is Hispanic , thus many of the courses at Hostos are offered in Spanish , and the college also provides extensive English and ESL instruction to students . The Hostos Center for the Arts & Culture is a performing arts center contained within the college campus . It consists of a museum-grade art gallery , a 367-seat Repertory Theater , and a 900-seat Main Theater , presenting artists of national and international renown . It has been showcasing theater , dance and music artists for 33 years , with the mission `` to be a cultural force in the Bronx and throughout the New York metropolitan area . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cee6de857fdca9be35e3819a722b310", "text": "Schoolkids Records Schoolkids Records is a retail indie record store based in the `` Triangle '' region of Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill , North Carolina . Founded in 1974 , Schoolkids is one of the longest running music retail stores in the country and at one point had as many as 7 stores throughout the eastern North Carolina region ( Raleigh ( 2 ) , Durham , Chapel Hill , Cary , Greenville ) and one in Athens , Georgia . As of 2009 the main flagship store in Raleigh , NC ( Across from NC State University ) was the sole location still in business . In October 2013 , the store announced it would relocate to the Mission Valley Shopping Center to make way for a destination hotel that was causing the eviction of several local businesses along Hillsborough Street . The new location would still allow the business to operate close to the university , while expanding space for live music performances and the ability to sell craft beers . The store has often been located close to College and University campus and focuses mostly on selling Alternative , Independent and College music , selling both Vinyl and CDs , with the trend largely going back to more and more Vinyl by 2012 . Schoolkids has been widely known as the main record store for almost 40 years ( until the other locations closed ) around schools such as : North Carolina State University , The University of North Carolina , Duke University , East Carolina University and The University of Georgia . The store has often been the destination and shopping preference for many local and national bands in this area , many of whom either worked at the store or started selling their first albums or 7 '' singles at the store on consignment . Artists to get their start selling records at Schoolkids include : Ryan Adams and Whiskeytown , Superchunk , Archers of Loaf , Ben Folds , The Connells , Polvo , Athenaeum , Squirrel Nut Zippers and many others . The store was also one of the first retail outlets to sell No Depression Magazine and to work with labels such as Merge Records , Mammoth Records and Yep Roc Records . The store saw its highest level of sales in the early 90 's when the independent music sector exploded with the success of Nirvana . Schoolkids has often been confused with some of the other stores in the country with the same name , including `` School Kids Records '' and `` School Kids in Exile '' in Ann Arbor , Michigan as well as other cities like Gainesville , Florida , but the stores were not connected in ownership to the main independent chain in North Carolina . Schoolkids is a founding members of the CIMS Coalition , The first national Coalition of Independent Music Stores and has also been named by both Time Magazine and The Grammys as one of the `` top ten '' record stores in the United States . In 2014 , in their new location at the Mission Valley Shopping Center ( just on the south side of NC State 's main campus ) , Schoolkids obtained an ABC license and started serving craft beers on draft and cans to their customers . The store increased its instore performances from national and local bands and became a store by day and a lounge-style bar/venue by night . Shows end early ( generally start at 8pm ) and are over by 10pm . All shows are free and the store encourages customers to tip the band in a ` pass the Devo energy dome ' event each night . For Record Store Day 2014 , Schoolkids had its best sales day in its 40-year history . In July , they hosted a 40th Anniversary show for free at the Lincoln Theatre and the lineup was : The DeBonzo Brothers , Hank Sinatra , Six String Drag , The Baseball Project ( Featuring Steve Wynn of the Dream Syndicate and his wife Linda Pitmon , Scott McCaughey ( Minus 5 ) , Mike Mills & Peter Buck ( R.E.M. ) and co-headliners , drivin ' n ' cryin ' . The show was a huge success drawing close to 700 people for the 5 -- 6 hour event . The store also saw Rock & Roll Hall of Fame legend , John Densmore , of the Doors visit for a book signing in September that drew over 300 rabid fans of The Doors to the store to enjoy some beers and get a book signed by a rock and roll legend . At year end , Schoolkids had seen its first growth year in almost 10 years and Vinyl sales were now 70 % of the business , with a growth of 57 % from 2013-2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f42eaed9e20b3386e35ba8d6891ed28", "text": "Charleston County School of the Arts Charleston High School is a public magnet school located in North Charleston , South Carolina in the United States . It was created in 1995 by Rose Maree Myers , who also founded the Ashley River Creative Arts Elementary School . SOA serves more than 1,000 students in grades 6 through 12 . Admission to SOA is based upon a competitive audition in one of nine majors : creative writing , dance , instrumental band , piano , string orchestra , theater arts , visual arts , vocal music , and fashion and costume design . In January 2010 , SOA moved from its original campus to its new facility , which features one of the finest theaters in the state , The Rose Maree Myers Theater for the Performing Arts . In August 2010 , SOA was joined on its campus by Academic Magnet High School . Both schools were named Gold Medal schools by US News and World Report in its 2012 rankings . SOA has also been joined with Charleston County 's deaf student population . Deaf students can attend honors , AP , CP , and occupational classes depending on what will be most useful to them . Deaf students go around with the regular students , but with their teachers . Like their AMHS counterpart , SOA seniors can also complete senior thesis , or receive an SOA diploma by taking classes such as Arts and Humanities , completing a senior thesis and earning 80 hours ( 20 per year ) of community service from 9th to 12th grade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eca6b878d58343dd16a6c73a6770a25c", "text": "Simone Egeriis Simone Egeriis ( born January 28 , 1992 ) , better known as simply Simone , is a Danish pop singer . She was born and raised in Slagelse , Denmark . She is known in Denmark for winning the Danish TV talent show Scenen er din ( ` The Stage is Yours ' ) in the category Junior Singing . She has since released three studio albums - her debut was called Vindens Farver or Colours of the Wind , the song from Disney 's Pocahontas , with which she won Scenen er Din . She also plays the violin and the piano .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7132628c3c9a8896009f91c18a54bdf", "text": "City of New Orleans (album) City of New Orleans '' is a 1984 album by country musician Willie Nelson , released by Columbia Records . The title track was written and originally recorded by Steve Goodman ; his version was released in 1971 . The next year , Arlo Guthrie became the first to have a hit with the song . Nelson 's version topped the U.S. country singles chart . Other covers featured on the album include `` Please Come to Boston '' and `` Wind Beneath My Wings '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6a79d5159eee54d336404ababb5be40", "text": "The Harlem School of the Arts Harlem School of the Arts ( HSA ) in Harlem , New York was founded in 1964 by soprano Dorothy Maynor , and offers its programs to students of all ages . Mezzo-soprano Betty Allen succeeded Maynor as President in 1979 when a new 37,000 square foot facility designed by Ulrich Franzen was completed . Other Presidents include Allicia Adams , Camille Akjeu , and Daryl Durham . In August 2015 , new President and CEO , Eric G. Pryor , was named . According to its website , the mission of the Harlem School of the Arts is `` to enrich the lives of children and their families in the Harlem community and beyond , through exposure to and instruction in the arts . '' In 2005 , the school was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $ 20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation , which was made possible through a donation by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg . Harlem School of the Arts was able to weather the financial crisis experienced in 2010 , and stabilize its fiscal position due to a generous gift of 6 million dollars from the Herb Alpert Foundation . Now HSA stands poise to implement sustainable business model , under the leadership of Board Chairman Charles J. Hamilton , Jr. , Esq. , Vice Chair Janice Savin Williams , and newly appointed President , Eric G. Pryor . This notable performing arts institution celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2015 . The school offers courses in four disciplines ; music , theatre , visual arts , and dance . Courses in music include classical , jazz , gospel , R & B , electronic and world music . Dance courses including ballet , modern , ethnic , jazz , and tap dance . In addition to theater classes , the visual art department offers courses which include sculpture , and photography ( digital and film ) . The school 's students are of diverse cultural backgrounds , and tuition is relatively inexpensive in contrast to similar educational institutions in the United States . HSA provides financial aid on a first-come , first-served basis through the generous donations on the Herb Alpert Foundation and other generous benefactors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a4247db146d42e27b0c93e0b9f43cba", "text": "Ruby Bridges (film) Ruby Bridges is a 1998 television film , written by Toni Ann Johnson and based on the true story of Ruby Bridges , the first black student to attend integrated schools in New Orleans , Louisiana , in 1960 . As a six-year-old , Bridges was one of four black first-graders , selected on the basis of test scores , to attend previously all-white public schools in New Orleans . Three students were sent to McDonogh 19 , and Ruby was the only black child to be sent to William Frantz Public School . The film was nominated for several awards , including an NAACP Image award . The writer , Toni Ann Johnson , won the 1998 Humanitas Prize for her teleplay . The film also won The Christopher Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99d6c86f00ff37c262900a410991123f", "text": "Philip Livingston Magnet Academy The former Philip Livingston Magnet Academy is located along Northern Boulevard in the West Hill neighborhood of Albany , New York , United States . It is a large brick building predominantly in the Colonial Revival architectural style , with some Art Deco touches inside , erected during the 1930s . Additions were made in the 1960s . In 2014 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Philip Livingston Junior High School , the only purpose-built public school building in the city so recognized . During most of its existence , it was one of four middle schools operated by the City School District of Albany , later converted into a magnet school for its final years , during which it declined academically and developed a reputation for crime and violence . It was described as the city 's most outstanding school building upon its opening . It also became one of Albany 's architectural landmarks due to its location at the main arrival point for travelers arriving from , or passing by , the city 's north . Since its closure it has been sold to a private developer and converted to senior housing , a decision some members of the school board have come to regret as the district still has overcrowding issues . From its inception the school played a role in developing the community , an early center of African American migration into Albany , beyond its educational function . The Albany Symphony Orchestra played its concerts in the building 's auditorium for many years . Amelia Earhart spoke at the school , and a 1947 concert by Paul Robeson at the school caused a major local controversy when the city government attempted to block it due to the performer 's known sympathies with the Communist Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86efee386a2e713bdf6f470bdd737344", "text": "Pablo Elvira Pablo Elvira ( September 24 , 1937 -- February 5 , 2000 ) was a Puerto Rican baritone . Elvira was born in San Juan , Puerto Rico , and began his musical career playing jazz trumpet there , with his uncle , Rafael Elvira , in his orchestra , he continued in his father 's band and later started his own band who played at the Hotel San Juan . In 1966 , he joined the voice faculty of the Indiana University School of Music ; during his eight years there he performed baritone roles in many of the school 's opera productions . In 1974 , Elvira made his first appearance with the New York City Opera . He debuted at the Metropolitan Opera in 1978 and performed there over 100 times during the next 12 years in works by Rossini , Donizetti , Verdi , Puccini , Berlioz and Leoncavallo . Elvira maintained his primary residence in Bozeman , Montana , and was a strong supporter of opera in that state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25df721ec4cc99fcb2b1e616f45328b2", "text": "Waldorf School of New Orleans Waldorf School of New Orleans is a private , independent school , the only Louisiana affiliate of the Association of Waldorf Schools in North America . Founded as the Hill School in 2000 , Waldorf School of New Orleans ' Grade School is currently housed in a masterfully renovated 19th century bread factory , within view of working wharves along the Mississippi River , in the Irish Channel neighborhood . The Waldorf Early Childhood Center is about two miles away , in a quiet , residential Uptown neighborhood . Waldorf School of New Orleans offers an academically rigorous , arts-integrated , experiential approach to education , in harmony with the physical , emotional , and intellectual development of children from Nursery through 8th grade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9de11cdaf7236f364853cab7de105379", "text": "Fourth Ward School (Virginia City, Nevada) The Fourth Ward School is an historic 4-story mansard-roofed former public school building located at 537 South `` C '' Street in Virginia City , Nevada . Designed in 1876 by architect C. M. Bennett in the Second Empire style of architecture , it originally held over 1000 students in grades 1 though 9 divided into three departments : primary ( grades 1 though 4 ) ; second grammar ( grades 5 though 7 ) and high school ( grades 8 and 9 ) . Grades 10 through 12 were added by 1909 . It graduated its last class in 1936 , after which its students were moved to a new school built by the Works Progress Administration . The building then fell into disrepair and remained closed until 1986 when it was reopened as the Historic Fourth Ward School Museum . The museum features exhibits of city history , 19th century education , Mark Twain 's life , area mining and a letter printing press . The Fourth Ward School is a contributing property in the Virginia City Historic District which was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07afdd9ecd0f371f81a4ab5df8bd07a6", "text": "St. Mary's Academy (New Orleans) St. Mary 's Academy is an all-girls Roman Catholic parochial high school in New Orleans , Louisiana . It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans . Saint Mary 's Academy 's long tradition continues as a private Catholic college preparatory co-educational elementary and a middle / high school for young women . In a family oriented atmosphere , Saint Mary 's is committed to educating the whole person . Students are taught to live Christian values , think critically , give service and act responsibly in a global society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "524f73ce2a9263bddece6478dfd0cb09", "text": "Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science The Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science ( MSMS ) is Mississippi 's only public residential high school for academically gifted students and is located in Columbus , Mississippi on the campus of the Mississippi University for Women . A member of the National Consortium for Secondary STEM Schools ( NCSSS ) , it is a statewide public magnet school . Tenth-grade students are selected to attend through a competitive application process that includes standardized test scores , a written application , and an interview . The school enrolls students in the last two years of high school graduating over 100 students each year . The class of 2016 produced 11 National Merit Semifinalists . While the main academic focus of MSMS is mathematics and science , humanities , particularly history , literature , and art are also emphasized .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b484f5f312b873da07242c9f24c3100", "text": "Bayard Rustin Educational Complex The Bayard Rustin Educational Complex -- also known as the Humanities Educational Complex -- at West 18th Street between Eighth and Ninth Avenues in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City , is a `` vertical campus '' of the New York City Department of Education which contains a number of small public schools , most of them high schools -- grades 9 through 12 -- along with one combined middle and high school -- grades 6 through 12 . The building formerly housed Bayard Rustin High School for the Humanities ( M440 ) , a comprehensive school which graduated its last class in the 2011-2012 school year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7840348630b0171ea1b2bd77b898d2ea", "text": "Charlotte Latin School Charlotte Latin School is an independent , coeducational , non-sectarian , non-partisan , college-preparatory day school , founded in 1970 , serving approximately 1,400 students in transitional kindergarten through twelfth grade and located in Charlotte , North Carolina , United States . In 1977 , Charlotte Latin was the youngest school in the nation to be granted a Cum Laude Society charter , and has been named three times as a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence by the United States Department of Education . The school is jointly accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and the Southern Association of Independent Schools , and the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b04161fffd309136a4a9a120f4c3946b", "text": "Simone Sello Simone Sello ( born July 4 , 1968 ) is an Italian born guitarist , music producer , songwriter and music journalist . He is known for his work with the Sanremo Festival Orchestra , Chicanery , Billy Sheehan , Aaron Carter , Disney , Hannah Montana , Vasco Rossi , Amber Lily , and Warren Cuccurullo , both as a producer and guitarist ; and as a journalist for the magazines Chitarre , Strumenti Musicali , Accordo and Ganzo . He is an owner of music production companies RedRum Productions , Session Recording and MusicDemoProducer.com , with each company oriented towards a distinct clientele . RedRum Productions is geared towards contemporary music production for artists , film and TV ; Session Recording mostly caters to projects outside the Los Angeles area , and MusicDemoProducer.com aims to bring a simplified approach to professional music production to any user , over the web . His musical upbringing is based on classical violin studies , as well as watching and hearing his father play guitar , but he never took a formal guitar lesson , in spite of his career as a guitar player . His influences include major classical and jazz composers and performers , ( Bach , Ravel , Miles Davis , Weather Report ) , pop and rock acts ( The Beatles , David Bowie , Pink Floyd , Metallica , Lucio Battisti ) , and experimental artists ( Luciano Berio , Brian Eno , Terje Rypdal , Klaus Schulze ) . Equally interested in performing , composing and producing music , Simone started getting hired to play guitar for recording sessions and live performances by artists in his hometown Rome when he was 17 years old , and eventually became known on a national level . While building a long list of musical collaborations , he started writing articles for magazines , thus achieving a different kind of exposure , still in the music field . At the age of 29 , he moved to Los Angeles to push his musician and journalist careers , by joining a big international scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf5ba27215a904478f985887f371d0f9", "text": "Nicholls State University Nicholls State University , founded in 1948 , is a public university located in Thibodaux , Louisiana , United States . Nicholls is part of the University of Louisiana System of universities . Originally named Francis T. Nicholls Junior College , the university is named for Francis T. Nicholls , a former governor of Louisiana and member of the Louisiana Supreme Court . The 287 acre campus , once part of historic Acadia Plantation , fronts on Bayou Lafourche , about 50 mi southwest of New Orleans and 60 mi southeast of Baton Rouge . Its oldest structure , Elkins Hall , was completed in 1948 and is on the National Register of Historic Places . Nicholls is located in the Acadiana region . It is also within the geographical bounds of the Mississippi River Delta , and close to the Mississippi River , its distributaries , Louisiana 's wetlands , and the Gulf of Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1160652a8f20be9805a101fa955abe", "text": "Nina Zivancevic Nina Živančević ( born 1957 ) is a Serbian-born poet , playwright , fiction writer , translator , scholar , performer , curator and art critic . She apprenticed as a young poet with Allen Ginsberg and has gone on to work in various capacities as both a writer and scholar of experimental , underground and avant-garde literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ef9f6311fd26153a9f6e084211b7fab", "text": "Nina Simone at Newport Nina Simone at Newport is an album by jazz singer and musician Nina Simone . It was her second live album for Colpix , recorded at the Newport Jazz Festival on June 30 , 1960 . All arrangements were written by Nina Simone , and it was produced by Stu Phillips .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b4b628f663fc9de08a8316c4f86f32e", "text": "New World School of the Arts New World School of the Arts ( NWSA ) is a public magnet high school and college in Downtown Miami , Florida . Its dual-enrollment programs in the visual and performing arts are organized into four strands : visual arts , dance , theatre ( comprising programs in theater and musical theatre ) , and music ( comprising programs in instrumental music and vocal music ) . The New World School of the Arts was a pioneer in dual-enrollment education , arising out of an experiment between Miami Northwestern High School and Dade Community College ( now Miami Dade College ) . NWSA was formally created as an outcome of that experiment by the 1986 New World School of the Arts Act of the Florida State Legislature as `` a center of excellence for the performing and visual art '' , with the stated intention `` that specific attention be given to the needs of artistically talented high school students who are occupationally oriented to the arts . '' The school is jointly administered by Miami-Dade County Public Schools , Miami Dade College , and the University of Florida . The administrative structure includes an executive board with representatives from each of the partners as well as community seats and a foundation board . The school awards an Associate of Arts degree from Miami Dade College , Bachelor of Fine Arts and Bachelor of Music degrees from the University of Florida , and a high school degree from the Miami Dade County schools . Admissions into the high school are through the Miami Dade Visual and Performing Arts Magnet Program , requiring an audition and/or portfolio ( see High School Admissions ) . New World High School is consistently in the top 100 best high schools as rated by US News & World Report . In 2009 , NWSA was 82nd in this ranking . Both the college and the high school are accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b8e78eb45b731e509fa4f0889413c979	Avatar was directed by James Cameron and released in 2009.	[ { "docid": "a1a96cb07a9ba904f9fdfd202f95e5e5", "text": "Avatar (2009 film) Avatar ( marketed as James Cameron 's Avatar ) is a 2009 American epic science fiction film directed , written , produced , and co-edited by James Cameron , and starring Sam Worthington , Zoe Saldana , Stephen Lang , Michelle Rodriguez , and Sigourney Weaver . The film is set in the mid-22nd century , when humans are colonizing Pandora , a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system , in order to mine the mineral unobtanium , a room-temperature superconductor . The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na ` vi -- a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora . The film 's title refers to a genetically engineered Na ` vi body with the mind of a remotely located human that is used to interact with the natives of Pandora . Development of Avatar began in 1994 , when Cameron wrote an 80-page treatment for the film . Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron 's 1997 film Titanic , for a planned release in 1999 , but according to Cameron , the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film . Work on the language of the film 's extraterrestrial beings began in 2005 , and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006 . Avatar was officially budgeted at $ 237 million . Other estimates put the cost between $ 280 million and $ 310 million for production and at $ 150 million for promotion . The film made extensive use of new motion capture filming techniques , and was released for traditional viewing , 3D viewing ( using the RealD 3D , Dolby 3D , XpanD 3D , and IMAX 3D formats ) , and for `` 4D '' experiences in select South Korean theaters . The stereoscopic filmmaking was touted as a breakthrough in cinematic technology . Avatar premiered in London on , 2009 , and was internationally released on and in the United States and Canada on , to positive critical reviews , with critics highly praising its groundbreaking visual effects . During its theatrical run , the film broke several box office records and became the highest-grossing film of all time , as well as in the United States and Canada , surpassing Titanic , which had held those records for twelve years ( and was also directed by Cameron ) . It also became the first film to gross more than and the best-selling film of 2010 in the United States . Avatar was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , and won three , for Best Art Direction , Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects . Following the film 's success , Cameron signed with 20th Century Fox to produce three sequels , making Avatar the first of a planned tetralogy . On April 14 , 2016 , Cameron confirmed that there were now plans for four sequels . Avatar 2 was scheduled for release in December 2018 before being delayed , with the sequels following in December 2020 , 2022 , and 2023 , respectively . The sequels are scheduled for release in 2020 , 2021 , 2024 and 2025 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fed5ac5c00d5d7423e832e03977d525c", "text": "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects The Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association . It was first given out in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e07f944d613aa9e663ef0b9783368e78", "text": "Pandoran biosphere The fictional Pandoran biosphere , from James Cameron 's Avatar , teems with a biodiversity of bioluminescent species ranging from hexapodal animals to other types of exotic fauna and flora . The Pandoran ecology forms a vast neural network spanning the entire lunar surface into which the Naʼvi and other creatures can connect . The strength of this collective consciousness is illustrated when the human invaders are defeated in battle by the Pandoran ecology , after the Naʼvi were nearly defeated . Cameron utilized a team of expert advisors in order to make the various examples of fauna and flora as scientifically feasible as possible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9101bde09b3b59e93eae8bf241f4b7b", "text": "Gamer (film) Gamer is a 2009 American science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor . The film stars Gerard Butler as a participant in an online game in which participants can control human beings as players , and Logan Lerman as the player who controls him . Alongside Butler and Lerman , it also stars Michael C. Hall , Ludacris , Amber Valletta , Terry Crews , Alison Lohman , John Leguizamo , and Zoe Bell . Gamer was released in North America on September 4 , 2009 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics , who found the plot , direction , and script disappointing , though its performances , effects , and action sequences were praised . It received a mixed reception from audiences , and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 42 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 50 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20afcfb3996423f7753723f5f5f2471b", "text": "2009 Toronto International Film Festival The 34th annual Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF ) was held in Toronto , Ontario , Canada between September 10 and September 19 , 2009 . The opening night gala presented the Charles Darwin biography Creation . The Young Victoria , based on the early years of Queen Victoria , closed the festival on September 19 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f477a0e502b7a950c97e8d2e9d639954", "text": "Jimmy Hayward James `` Jimmy '' Hayward ( born September 17 , 1970 ) is a Canadian-American film director , screenwriter and animator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06a631187fc29ea0f04a541f9f00defd", "text": "2009 Independent Spirit Awards The 2009 Independent Spirit Awards can refer to : 24th Independent Spirit Awards , a ceremony held in 2009 , honoring the films of 2008 25th Independent Spirit Awards , a ceremony held in 2010 , honoring the films of 2009 Category : Independent Spirit Awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a90aa1415307d4baa4a3f5a05cd5adf8", "text": "G-Force (film) G-Force is a 2009 American family comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films . Written by Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley and directed by Hoyt Yeatman , the film is the directorial debut of Hoyt Yeatman , whose earlier work includes contributions in the area of visual effects . It was released in the United States on July 24 , 2009 . G-Force is based on a story also by Hoyt Yeatman . The film was shown in competing 3-D technologies like Dolby 3D . This is also Jerry Bruckheimer 's first 3-D film . The movie stars Zach Galifianakis , Bill Nighy , and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell , Tracy Morgan , Penélope Cruz , Nicolas Cage , Steve Buscemi , and Jon Favreau . The film received generally negative reviews , with critics praising its action , but criticizing its plot and character development and it earned $ 292.8 million on a $ 150 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a7e598023e5f5bed0c3a4b9f41485a7", "text": "Gokusen: The Movie is a 2009 Japanese film based on manga series Gokusen . It was directed by Tōya Satō who also directed live-action version of Kaiji . This film is the sequel to the television drama Gokusen season 3 , and the last of the series . This film has action , comedy and drama just like the tv series . It was released on July 11 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1eb189897d5610223002042c6d0fee3", "text": "Titanic II (film) Titanic II ( also entitled Titanic 2 ) is a 2010 low-budget disaster film written , directed by , and starring Shane Van Dyke and distributed by The Asylum . Despite this title , the film is not a sequel to the 1997 film by James Cameron , although movie website Dread Central has suggested the film may be a mockbuster of it . It was released direct-to-TV in Australia on August 7 , 2010 . It premiered on Syfy on Sky in the UK and Ireland on August 9 . It was released on August 25 in the United States . The film is set on a fictional replica Titanic that sets off exactly 100 years after the original ship 's maiden voyage to perform the reverse route , but global warming and the forces of nature cause history to repeat itself on the same night , only on a more disastrous and deadly scale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20e05902ce2f2de46d2e6c0131e45c0f", "text": "Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards . Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95208e443e2759021f858099b13ed21", "text": "List of accolades received by 127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British independent biographical adventure film directed by Danny Boyle . It stars James Franco in the principal role as real-life mountain climber Aron Ralston , whose hand was trapped under a boulder in a Utah ravine for more than five days in April 2003 . Adapted from Ralston 's autobiography Between a Rock and a Hard Place , 127 Hourss screenplay was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy . Distributors Fox Searchlight and Pathé gave the feature limited releases in the United States and United Kingdom on 5 November 2010 and 7 January 2011 , respectively . It grossed # 35.8 million at the box office by the end of its worldwide theatrical run . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator surveyed 215 reviews and judged 93 % to be positive . Additionally , 127 Hours appeared on more than two dozen movie reviewers ' Top Ten lists for the best movies of 2010 . The film has received honors for its direction , music , cinematography and writing , as well as for the lead performance by Franco . At the 68th Golden Globe Awards ceremony , 127 Hours earned three nominations : for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , Best Original Score and Best Screenplay . The picture was nominated in nine Satellite Award categories , including direction , score , sound , original song and visual effects . It also received nine nominations from the Broadcast Film Critics Association . The 64th British Academy Film Awards nominated it for eight of their awards , including Best Director , Best Editing , Best Music and Best Sound . Additionally , 127 Hours was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film , but lost to The King 's Speech . It performed similarly at the 83rd Academy Awards , where it was nominated in six categories : Best Actor , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Film Editing , Best Original Score , Best Original Song ( for `` If I Rise '' ) and Best Picture , but lost respectively in all categories to The King 's Speech , The Social Network , and Toy Story 3 . Franco was named Best Actor by the New York Film Critics Online and 2010 Independent Spirit Awards . He also received recognition from the Screen Actors Guild , at their 17th annual ceremony . Franco 's arm amputation scene towards the end of 127 Hours was nominated at the viewer-voted 2011 MTV Movie Awards . Boyle 's and Beaufoy 's efforts on the movie 's script earned them nominations from the Writers Guild of America and Evening Standard British Film Awards . Along with producer Christian Colson , Boyle garnered another nomination , this time from the Producers Guild of America . The Detroit Film Critics Society honored Boyle as Best Director . Suttirat Larlarb 's input on the movie 's production design earned her one nomination from the Art Directors Guild . The film 's cinematography garnered nominations at the 2010 Houston Film Critics Awards and the 2010 San Diego Film Critics Society Awards . The American Film Institute listed 127 Hours as one of the ten best movies of 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "493d0a316be6a416759a6916fa978952", "text": "Racebending __ NOTOC __ Racebending is a neologism used to describe a process where a character 's perceived race or ethnicity is changed in a narrative by an adapter as it is created in a new media form . The term was coined by one of the founders of the website Racebending.com , which was created to protest the casting of white actors in the 2010 film The Last Airbender , where the originating TV series Avatar : The Last Airbender featured characters of East Asian appearance . The term `` racebending '' was derived from Avatar characters ' ability to manipulate or `` bend '' the classical elements of water , earth , fire , and air . Assistant Professor Kristen J. Warner wrote that the term has `` many definitions and contexts '' , such as being the industrial practice of color-blind casting or writing fan fiction , the latter being `` when writers change the race and cultural specificity of central characters or pull a secondary character of color from the margins , transforming her into the central protagonist . '' In 2010 , Racebending.com and the Media Action Network for Asian Americans ( MANAA ) urged boycotts of The Last Airbender as well as Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time due to their practices of racebending . Prince of Persia was criticized for casting white actors for the principal cast instead of actors of Iranian or Middle Eastern descent . Fan activism over The Last Airbender led to the term becoming prevalent and becoming the name of the activist movement . Activists used the term interchangeably with `` whitewashing '' to describe white actors being cast as non-white characters in adaptations of media . Pastes Abbey White said in 2016 that the term was subsequently adopted to apply to actors of color being cast in traditionally white roles . White said , `` In the last several years , racebending has become a practice used more and more to help networks diversify their ensembles and capture a bigger audience . Not only has it resulted in more racial visibility on the small screen , but in a far more unexpected way , racebending can generate deeper and more significant depictions of characters . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be51bb06c6b36891a33f7e80baf8876a", "text": "Avatar Airbender Avatar Airbender is an Intamin roller coaster themed after the TV series Avatar : The Last Airbender located at Nickelodeon Universe in the Mall of America in Bloomington , Minnesota . Avatar is a halfpipe roller coaster that goes up to 70 ft to the top and back tower while spinning the riders . It reaches the top of both spikes about twelve times during each ride . Located at the center of Nickelodeon Universe , it provides a focal point for the entire park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4858012210bc9e70f1f6b5965d7e13c", "text": "List of accolades received by Enthiran Enthiran ( Robot ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language science fiction film directed by S. Shankar and produced by Kalanithi Maran . Shankar wrote the screenplay and co-wrote the dialogues with Sujatha Rangarajan and Madhan Karky . The film stars Rajinikanth and Aishwarya Rai in the lead roles with Danny Denzongpa , Santhanam , and Karunas playing supporting roles . The musical score was composed by A. R. Rahman while the cinematography , visual effects , editing , and art direction were handled by R. Rathnavelu , V. Srinivas Mohan , Anthony , and Sabu Cyril respectively . The film 's story revolves around a scientist 's struggle to control his creation , an android robot whose software is upgraded to give it the ability to comprehend and generate human emotions . The plan backfires when the robot falls in love with the scientist 's fiancée and is further manipulated by a rival scientist to bring destruction to all who stand in its way . The film was dubbed into Hindi as Robot . Produced on an estimated budget of 1.32 billion , Enthiran was released on 1 October 2010 and yielded a revenue of 1.79 billion according to a report by the Sun TV Network . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories , with particular praise for its cinematography , visual effects , art direction , costume design , and Rajinikanth 's performance . As of 2017 , the film has won 24 awards from 37 nominations . At the 58th National Film Awards ceremony , Enthiran won two awards for Best Special Effects ( Mohan ) and Best Production Design ( Cyril ) . The film was nominated in nine categories at the 58th Filmfare Awards South , winning Best Cinematographer ( Rathnavelu ) , Best Art Director ( Cyril ) , and Best Costume Design ( Manish Malhotra ) . At the 5th Vijay Awards , the film was nominated in fourteen categories and won in seven , including Best Villain and Favourite Hero ( Rajinikanth ) , Favourite Film ( Maran ) , and Favourite Director ( Shankar ) . Enthiran won three awards at the 12th IIFA Awards under the Best Special Effects , Best Art Direction , and Best Makeup categories . Among other wins , the film received three Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards , two Screen Awards and Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards each , one Mirchi Music Award , and a special award at the 24th Tokyo International Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]	fever
edc6f7b39b019b139a2324dd1e5b2c89	The United Kingdom is an industrialized nation.	[ { "docid": "8c1999004b8183f3c7b413ea0bd8a045", "text": "United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland.Although Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state , two of its Overseas Territories also share land borders with other sovereign countries . Gibraltar shares a border with Spain , while the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia share borders with the Republic of Cyprus , the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the UN buffer zone separating the two Cypriot polities . Apart from this land border , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of 242500 km2 , the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe . It is also the 21st-most populous country , with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union ( EU ) . The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 6 February 1952 . The capital of the United Kingdom and its largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million , the fourth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union . Other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the conurbations centred on Birmingham , Leeds , Glasgow , Liverpool and Manchester . The United Kingdom consists of four countries -- England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland . The last three have devolved administrations , each with varying powers , based in their capitals , Edinburgh , Cardiff and Belfast , respectively . The nearby Isle of Man , Bailiwick of Guernsey and Bailiwick of Jersey are not part of the United Kingdom , being Crown dependencies with the British Government responsible for defence and international representation . The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time . Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain , which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922 , leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on 6 December 1921 to resolve the Irish War of Independence . When it took effect one year later , it established the Irish Free State as a separate dominion within the Commonwealth . The UK 's current name was adopted to reflect the change . There are fourteen British Overseas Territories . These are the remnants of the British Empire which , at its height in the 1920s , encompassed almost a quarter of the world 's land mass and was the largest empire in history . British influence can be observed in the language , culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies . The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world 's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest economy by purchasing power parity . The UK is considered to have a high-income economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index , ranking 16th in the world . It was the world 's first industrialised country and the world 's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries . The UK remains a great power with considerable economic , cultural , military , scientific and political influence internationally . It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is seventh in military expenditure in the world . The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 . It has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor , the European Economic Community ( EEC ) , since 1973 . However , on 23 June 2016 , a national referendum on the UK 's membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave , and its exit from the EU is currently being negotiated . The UK is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Council of Europe , the G7 finance ministers , the G7 forum , the G20 , NATO , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , and the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6718fc743993adf56fad4035c184c4f5", "text": "Centre points of the United Kingdom There has long been debate over the exact location of the geographical centre of the United Kingdom , and its constituent countries , due to the complexity and method of the calculation , such as whether to include offshore islands , and the fact that erosion will cause the position to change over time . There are two main methods of calculating this `` centre '' : either as the centroid of the two-dimensional shape made by the country ( projected to the Airy ellipsoid then flattened using the Transverse Mercator projection ) , or as the point farthest from the boundary of the country ( either the sea , or , in the case of constituent countries , a land border ) . These two methods give quite different answers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828", "text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d512412fcd5668d2e33f473438fe519d", "text": "Industrial school In England , the 1857 Industrial Schools Act was intended to solve problems of juvenile vagrancy , by removing poor and neglected children from their home environment to a boarding school . The Act allowed magistrates to send disorderly children to a residential industrial school . An 1876 Act led to non-residential day schools of a similar kind . There were similar arrangements in Scotland , where the Industrial Schools Act came into force in 1866 . The schools cared for neglected children and taught them a trade , with an emphasis on preventing crime . Glasgow Industrial School for Girls is an example formed in 1882 . They were distinct from reformatories set up under the 1854 Youthful Offenders Act ( the Reformatory Schools Act ) which included an element of punishment . Both agreed in 1927 to call themselves approved schools . In Ireland , the Industrial Schools Act of 1868 established industrial schools ( scoileanna saothair ) to care for `` neglected , orphaned and abandoned children '' . By 1884 there were 5,049 children in such institutions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df7b0c124f91bb9d2c823dd917d4e7", "text": "History of journalism in the United Kingdom The history of journalism in the United Kingdom includes the gathering and transmitting of news , spans the growth of technology and trade , marked by the advent of specialized techniques for gathering and disseminating information on a regular basis . In the analysis of historians , it involves the steady increase of the scope of news available to us and the speed with which it is transmitted . Newspapers have always been the primary medium of journalists since 1700 , with magazines added in the 18th century , radio and television in the 20th century , and the Internet in the 21st century . London has always been the main center of British journalism , followed at a distance by Edinburgh , Belfast , Dublin , and regional cities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99d6441a677152fad3a4f608b1eca0d7", "text": "One-nation conservatism One-nation conservatism ( also known as one-nationism , or Tory democracy ) is a form of British political conservatism that views society as organic and values paternalism and pragmatism . The phrase `` One-nation Tory '' originated with Benjamin Disraeli ( 1804 -- 1881 ) , who served as the chief Conservative spokesman and became Prime Minister in February 1868 . He devised it to appeal to working-class men as a solution to worsening divisions in society through introducing factory and health Acts , as well as greater protection for workers . As a political philosophy , one-nation conservatism reflects the belief that societies exist and develop organically , and that members within them have obligations towards each other . There is particular emphasis on the paternalistic obligation of those who are privileged and wealthy to the poorer parts of society . The ideology featured heavily during Disraeli 's terms in government , during which considerable social reforms were passed . Towards the end of the 19th century , the party moved away from paternalism in favour of free market capitalism , but fears of extremism during the interwar period caused the revival of one-nation conservatism . The philosophy continued to be held by the Conservative party throughout the post-war consensus , influencing the decision to maintain Labour government keynesian intervention in the economy , forming a welfare state and National Health Service . Later years saw the rise of the New Right , which attributed the country 's social and economic troubles to one-nation conservatism . David Cameron , former leader of the Conservative Party , named Disraeli as his favourite Conservative and some commentators and MPs have suggested that Cameron 's ideology contains an element of one-nationism . Other commentators have questioned the degree to which Cameron and his coalition have embodied One-Nation Conservatism , instead locating them in the intellectual tradition of Thatcherism . In 2016 , Cameron 's successor , Theresa May , referred to herself as a one-nation conservative in her first speech as prime minister and outlined her focus on social justice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4f3827bd9b297bb086fe126704cb4a5", "text": "Information Age The Information Age ( also known as the Computer Age , Digital Age , or New Media Age ) is a period in human history characterized by the shift from traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through industrialization , to an economy based on information computerization . The onset of the Information Age is associated with the Digital Revolution , just as the Industrial Revolution marked the onset of the Industrial Age . The definition of what digital means ( or what information means ) continues to change over time as new technologies , user devices , methods of interaction with other humans and devices enter the domain of research , development and market launch . During the Information Age , the phenomenon is that the digital industry creates a knowledge-based society surrounded by a high-tech global economy that spans over its influence on how the manufacturing throughout and the service sector operate in an efficient and convenient way . In a commercialized society , the information industry is able to allow individuals to explore their personalized needs , therefore simplifying the procedure of making decisions for transactions and significantly lowering costs for both the producers and buyers . This is accepted overwhelmingly by participants throughout the entire economic activities for efficacy purposes , and new economic incentives would then be indigenously encouraged , such as the knowledge economy . The Information Age formed by capitalizing on computer microminiaturization advances . This evolution of technology in daily life and social organization has led to the fact that the modernization of information and communication processes has become the driving force of social evolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6e8c6bbd8884f9248dbb0048235a30d", "text": "History of education in England The history of education in England can be documented to the Anglo-Saxons ' settlement of England . During the Middle Ages , schools were established to teach Latin grammar to the sons of the aristocracy , as part of preparation also for the entry of some into the clergy and religious orders . The church preserved literacy and learning during this period , and education was closely tied to the religious vocation , in order to read the Bible and related documents . Apprenticeship was the main way for youths to enter practical occupations . Two universities were established in affiliation with the church : the University of Oxford , followed by the University of Cambridge , both related closely to training for clergy . A reformed system of `` free grammar schools '' was established in the reign of Edward VI . The Protestant Reformation had a major influence on education and literacy in England , as it encouraged the reading of the Bible in the vernacular of the people . ( Formerly , the Bible was printed only in Latin , the official language of the Catholic Church . ) Counties in the east of England , which had frequent interaction with the Low Countries , where the Reformation movement had flourished , developed a higher rate of literacy in the early years of the Reformation than did other areas of England . In the 19th century the Church of England sponsored most formal education until the government established free , compulsory education towards the end of that century . University College London was established as the first secular college in England , open to students of all religions ( or none , ) followed by King 's College London ; the two institutions formed the University of London . Durham University was also established in the early nineteenth century . Towards the end of the century , the `` redbrick '' universities , new public universities , were founded . The 1944 Education Act established the Tripartite System of grammar schools and secondary modern schools . The school leaving age was raised to 16 in 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0428ce039db859733a2121c0cc7bad1", "text": "Pax Britannica Pax Britannica ( Latin for `` British Peace '' , modelled after Pax Romana ) was the period of relative peace in Europe ( 1815 -- 1914 ) during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force . Between 1815 and 1914 , a period referred to as Britain 's `` imperial century , '' around 10,000,000 sqmi of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire . Victory over Napoleonic France left the British without any serious international rival , other than perhaps Russia in central Asia . When Russia tried expanding its influence in the Balkans , the British and French defeated it in the Crimean War ( 1854 -- 56 ) , thereby protecting the by-then feeble Ottoman Empire . Britain 's Royal Navy controlled most of the key maritime trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power . Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies , Britain 's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled access to many regions , such as Asia and Latin America . British merchants , shippers and bankers had such an overwhelming advantage over everyone else that in addition to its colonies it had an `` informal empire '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5f5bb5a289506354b26e14cef325c22", "text": "Unionism in England In England , Unionism is a political ideology which favours the continuation of some form of political union between England and the other countries of the United Kingdom ( Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland ) . It is part of the wider British unionist movement and is closely linked to the notion of Britishness . Unionism in England is characterised by both opposition to England 's independence as a separate state and the belief that Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland should continue to be constituent countries of the Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d5d258490bea006ea4e9e4256a1013e", "text": "English independence English independence is a political stance advocating secession of England , the largest and most populous country of the British Isles , from the United Kingdom . Support for secession of England has been influenced by the increasing devolution of political powers to Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , where independence from the United Kingdom is a prominent subject of political debate . English independence is seen by its advocates as a way to resolve the West Lothian question in British politics : Scottish , Welsh and Northern Irish MPs in the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster can vote on matters affecting England , while English MPs do not have the same power over equivalent issues in Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , as these powers are devolved to the Scottish Parliament , Northern Ireland Assembly or the National Assembly for Wales . While some minor political parties have campaigned for English independence , all major UK-wide political parties adhere to the opposing view of British unionism , and oppose altering the constitutional status of England . Scottish demands for independence , rather than English demands , are seen as the most pressing threat to British unity ; Scotland voted against independence at the referendum on 18 September 2014 . and a second vote is proposed in late 2018 or early 2019 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "804db23614d605a8722d95b6e77599c3", "text": "British intelligence agencies The Government of the United Kingdom maintains intelligence agencies within several different government departments . The agencies are responsible for collecting and producing foreign and domestic intelligence , providing military intelligence , performing espionage and counter-espionage . Their intelligence assessments contribute to the conduct of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom , maintaining the national security of the United Kingdom , military planning and law enforcement in the United Kingdom . The three main agencies are the Secret Intelligence Service ( MI6 ) , the Security Service ( MI5 ) , and the Government Communications Headquarters . The history of the organisations goes back to the 19th century . The decryption of the Zimmermann Telegram in 1917 was described as the most significant intelligence triumph for Britain during World War I , and one of the earliest occasions on which a piece of signals intelligence influenced world events . During the Second World War and afterwards , many observers regarded Ultra as immensely valuable to the Allies of World War II . In the post-war period , intelligence cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States became the cornerstone of Western intelligence gathering and the `` Special Relationship '' between the UK and the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca83c2d7b16cc8fb1b88a8d89aa09ef2", "text": "United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with . Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares . Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d89bbb1f9116b51b874173b29cb1d629", "text": "Heath ministry Edward Heath , of the Conservative Party , formed the Heath ministry and became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 19 June 1970 , following the 18 June general election . Heath 's ministry ended after the February 1974 general election , which produced a hung parliament , leading to the formation of a minority government by Harold Wilson of the Labour Party . Heath had been elected leader of the Conservative Party in 1965 to succeed Alec Douglas Home , within a few months of the party 's election defeat after 13 years in government . His first general election as leader the following year ended in defeat as Wilson 's Labour government increased its majority . The Conservatives enjoyed a surge in support over the next two years as the British economy went through a period of fluctuation being growth and contraction , with unemployment rising significantly , but when Harold Wilson called a general election for June 1970 , the opinion polls all pointed towards a third successive Labour victory . It was a major surprise when the Conservatives won with a majority of 30 seats . The government of Edward Heath initially enjoyed a strong economy and relatively low unemployment , and by 1973 Britain had entered the European Economic Community . But then came the 1973 oil crisis , and just before Christmas , Heath declared a `` three day week '' in which the use of offices , factories and most public buildings was reduced to three days a week . He also faced a battle with the unions over pay freezes and restraints , which sparked a rise in strikes . The economy also entered a recession . Heath 's response in February 1974 was to call a general election , urging the voters to decide whether it was the government or the unions which ran Britain . The election on 28 February 1974 resulted in a hung parliament , in which the Tories had the most votes but Labour had the most seats . After talks with the Liberals about forming a coalition government failed , Labour formed a minority government on 4 March . A second general election was widely anticipated later in 1974 , and was called by Harold Wilson for 10 October , in which the Labour Party gained a three-seat majority . This meant that Wilson had now won four of the five general elections he had contested , while Heath had now lost three of his four general elections , and it seemed inevitable that his leadership would soon end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b905ae3bf3c989333a96bd5623366f84", "text": "Post-industrial economy A post-industrial economy refers to a period of growth within an industrialized economy or nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing reduces and that of services , information , and research grows . Such economies are often marked by : A declining manufacturing sector , resulting in deindustrialization , a large service sector , and an increase in the amount of information technology , often leading to an `` information age '' . Information , knowledge , and creativity are the new raw materials of such an economy . The industry aspect of a post-industrial economy is sent into less developed nations which manufacture what is needed at lower costs ( see outsourcing ) . This occurrence is typical of nations that industrialized in the past such as the United States and most Western European countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a0132c80841796f26f0c293293b080", "text": "18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century . The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years . European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment . Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da1667b3653395b3623332156d06d8a3", "text": "New international division of labour In economics , the new international division of labor ( NIDL ) is an outcome of globalization . The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries -- an ongoing geographic reorganization of production , which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor . It is a spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies . Under the `` old '' international division of labor , until around 1970 , underdeveloped areas were incorporated into the world economy principally as suppliers of minerals and agricultural commodities . However , as developing economies are merged into the world economy , more production takes place in these economies . This has led to a trend of transference , or what is also known as the `` global industrial shift '' , in which production processes are relocated from developed countries ( such as the US , European countries , and Japan ) to developing countries in Asia ( such as China , Vietnam , and India ) and Latin America . This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components , so low-cost labor-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower . Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology , as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production . From 1953 to the late 1990s , the industrialized economies ' share of world manufacturing output declined from 95 % to 77 % , and the developing economies ' share more than quadrupled from 5 % to 23 % . The resultant division of labor across continents closely follows the North -- South socio-economic and political divide , wherein the North -- with one quarter of the world population -- controls four fifths of the world income , while the South -- with three quarters of the world population -- has access to one fifth of the world income .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "196750fa372d3c990546068a0fbdf6ab", "text": "Proto-industrialization Proto-industrialization ( also spelled proto-industrialisation ) was a possible phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded , and created conditions for , the establishment of fully industrial societies . Proto-industrialisation is generally referred to the phase before industrialisation . Proto-industrialization was marked by the increasing involvement of agrarian families in market-oriented craft production , mainly through the putting-out system organized by merchant capitalists . It was an effective method of production which was controlled by merchants and had links to developing European consumerism . However , the phase was not observed across Europe , and nor did it always smoothly transition into the Industrial Revolution proper . The term was coined by F. F. Mendels in 1972 , though a UNESCO colloquium on the 10th anniversary of the deaths of Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin and published in 1971 discusses `` the basis for proto-industrialization '' . The applicability of proto-industrialization in Europe has since been challenged . M.J. Daunton , for example , argues that proto-industrialisation `` excludes too much '' to fully explain the expansion of industry : not only do proponents of proto-industrialisation ignore the vital town-based industries in pre-industrial economies , but also ignores `` rural and urban industry based upon non-domestic organisation , '' referring to how mines , mills , forges and furnaces fit into the agrarian economy . Initially using surplus labor available during slow periods of the agricultural seasons , proto-industrialization led to specialization - not only in industrial production but also in commercial agricultural production . This allowed reciprocal trade favored by regional economies of scale . It resulted in accumulation of capital and in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills by merchant capitalists , which facilitated the development of large-scale , and capital-intensive production methods in the full industrialization phase that followed . Proto-industrialization sparked social changes in traditional agrarian societies that would become more marked during full industrialization , such as greater independence of women and children , who gained a means of income separate from the family subsistence farm . During this phase of industrialisation , machines were not used . They were not even invented at that time . People could only use their hands or any hand-made material to produce required goods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e21da5415e4db6432fe54fc5461b3bb", "text": "Politics of Wales Politics in Wales forms a distinctive polity in the wider politics of the United Kingdom , with Wales as one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom ( UK ) . Constitutionally , the United Kingdom is de jure a unitary state with one sovereign parliament and government . However , under a system of devolution ( or home rule ) adopted in the late 1990s three of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland , voted for limited self-government , subject to the ability of the UK Parliament in Westminster , nominally at will , to amend , change , broaden or abolish the national governmental systems . As such the National Assembly for Wales ( Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru ) is not de jure sovereign . Executive power in the United Kingdom is vested in the Queen-in-Council , while legislative power is vested in the Queen-in-Parliament ( the Crown and the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster in London ) . The Government of Wales Act 1998 established devolution in Wales , and certain executive and legislative powers have been constitutionally delegated to the National Assembly for Wales . The scope of these powers was further widened by the Government of Wales Act 2006 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
35609829ec930c943447e26270fda55d	Nina Simone is from North Carolina.	[ { "docid": "a10e97350c98b8e0ac8ab5b8e2f94c74", "text": "Nina Simone Nina Simone ( -LSB- ˈniːnə_sᵻˈmoʊn -RSB- born Eunice Kathleen Waymon ; February 21 , 1933 -- April 21 , 2003 ) was an American singer , songwriter , pianist , arranger , and activist in the Civil Rights Movement . Simone employed a broad range of musical styles including classical , jazz , blues , folk , R&B , gospel , and pop . Born in North Carolina , the sixth child of a preacher , Waymon aspired to be a concert pianist . With the help of a few supporters in her hometown of Tryon , North Carolina , she enrolled in the Juilliard School of Music in New York . Waymon then applied for a scholarship to study at the prestigious Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia , where she was denied despite a well-received audition . Waymon became fully convinced this rejection had been entirely due to her race , a statement that has been a matter of controversy . Years later , two days before her death , the Curtis Institute of Music bestowed on her an honorary degree . To make a living , Eunice Waymon changed her name to `` Nina Simone '' . The change related to her need to disguise herself from family members , having chosen to play `` the devil 's music '' or `` cocktail piano '' at a nightclub in Atlantic City . She was told in the nightclub that she would have to sing to her own accompaniment , and this effectively launched her career as a jazz vocalist . Simone recorded more than 40 albums , mostly between 1958 , when she made her debut with Little Girl Blue , and 1974 . She had a hit in the United States in 1958 with `` I Loves You , Porgy '' . Simone 's musical style fused gospel and pop with classical music , in particular Johann Sebastian Bach , and accompanied expressive , jazz-like singing in her contralto voice .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e9f45fd32ad6ee8e13e09cea6305074d", "text": "Rico Love Richard `` Rico '' Preston Butler , Jr. ( born December 3 , 1982 ) , better known by his stage name Rico Love , is an American songwriter , record producer and singer . He was born in New Orleans , Louisiana , but split his childhood between Milwaukee , Wisconsin and New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . He attended Florida A&M and , while visiting Atlanta , Georgia , worked his way into the music industry through connections with Usher , who would become Love 's mentor . The first song Love ever wrote in his career was `` Throwback '' for which ended up on Usher 's 2004 album `` Confessions . '' Love success continued writing and producing hit records such as Usher 's `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Hey Daddy ( Daddy 's Home ) '' , Nelly 's `` Just a Dream '' and `` Gone '' , as well as Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Sweet Dreams '' . and has contributed to works which have gone on to win Grammys such as Beyoncé 's 2009 Best Contemporary R&B album I Am ... Sasha Fierce , Usher 's 2010 Best Contemporary R&B album Raymond v. Raymond , and Usher 's 2010 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance `` There Goes My Baby '' . In addition Love has written and produced records for Kelly Rowland , Diddy -- Dirty Money , Chris Brown , Alexandra Burke , Keri Hilson , Fergie , and Fantasia . Love is also the CEO of Division1 , a record label which partnered with Interscope Records in 2013 . Love has appeared as a featured artist on records with T.I. , Usher , Jermaine Dupri , Jamie Foxx , Rich Boy , and Fat Joe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "878bf4ac93b79fafb61d2c3692c63056", "text": "Simone Philip Kamel Simone Philip Kamel ( born June 16 , 1966 ) is an Egyptian singer , that throughout the 1990s was famous for her soprano voice . Her most famous songs include '' مش نظرة وابتسامة '' ( Not just a look and a smile ) , '' تاكسي '' ( Taxi ) , '' خاف مني '' ( Be afraid of Me ) , '' مبسوطة '' ( Happy ) , '' تاني تاني '' ( Again again ) , '' مرسي '' ( Thank you ) , '' ساعتى مش مظبوطة '' ( My watch is not accurate ) , '' كازانوفا '' ( Casanova ) , '' بتكلم جد '' ( I 'm talking seriously ) . She also released a Greek/Arabic song called `` Munawar '' for the Greek-Egyptian Friendship Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95c5933c8b7f260d93451c927b24cf09", "text": "WOCN-FM WOCN-FM ( 104.7 FM , `` Ocean 104.7 '' ) is an Adult Contemporary radio station licensed to Orleans , Massachusetts . The station is licensed to Sandab Communications ( doing business as Cape Cod Broadcasting ) and operated locally . WOCN-FM is a sister station to WQRC , WFCC-FM , and WKPE-FM . WOCN-FM is frequently one of the Cape 's most listened to radio stations , especially among adults 45 and older . The current on-air line up includes heritage radio host Dave Read , Donna Credit , Karen Blake & Cat Wilson . Artists that are played on WOCN-FM include the Beatles , Carly Simon , James Taylor , Norah Jones , Fleetwood Mac and others . WOCN-FM continues to serve the Cape Cod community with hourly weather forecasts , news updates and community information . Although previously playing more soft AC , it has shifted to play more current songs ( e.g. Mariah Carey , Sara Barelles , The Band Perry , Sheryl Crow , Cher ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b04161fffd309136a4a9a120f4c3946b", "text": "Simone Sello Simone Sello ( born July 4 , 1968 ) is an Italian born guitarist , music producer , songwriter and music journalist . He is known for his work with the Sanremo Festival Orchestra , Chicanery , Billy Sheehan , Aaron Carter , Disney , Hannah Montana , Vasco Rossi , Amber Lily , and Warren Cuccurullo , both as a producer and guitarist ; and as a journalist for the magazines Chitarre , Strumenti Musicali , Accordo and Ganzo . He is an owner of music production companies RedRum Productions , Session Recording and MusicDemoProducer.com , with each company oriented towards a distinct clientele . RedRum Productions is geared towards contemporary music production for artists , film and TV ; Session Recording mostly caters to projects outside the Los Angeles area , and MusicDemoProducer.com aims to bring a simplified approach to professional music production to any user , over the web . His musical upbringing is based on classical violin studies , as well as watching and hearing his father play guitar , but he never took a formal guitar lesson , in spite of his career as a guitar player . His influences include major classical and jazz composers and performers , ( Bach , Ravel , Miles Davis , Weather Report ) , pop and rock acts ( The Beatles , David Bowie , Pink Floyd , Metallica , Lucio Battisti ) , and experimental artists ( Luciano Berio , Brian Eno , Terje Rypdal , Klaus Schulze ) . Equally interested in performing , composing and producing music , Simone started getting hired to play guitar for recording sessions and live performances by artists in his hometown Rome when he was 17 years old , and eventually became known on a national level . While building a long list of musical collaborations , he started writing articles for magazines , thus achieving a different kind of exposure , still in the music field . At the age of 29 , he moved to Los Angeles to push his musician and journalist careers , by joining a big international scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eca6b878d58343dd16a6c73a6770a25c", "text": "Simone Egeriis Simone Egeriis ( born January 28 , 1992 ) , better known as simply Simone , is a Danish pop singer . She was born and raised in Slagelse , Denmark . She is known in Denmark for winning the Danish TV talent show Scenen er din ( ` The Stage is Yours ' ) in the category Junior Singing . She has since released three studio albums - her debut was called Vindens Farver or Colours of the Wind , the song from Disney 's Pocahontas , with which she won Scenen er Din . She also plays the violin and the piano .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92f5a9cd633c2d502948f45379452cd2", "text": "North Carolina judicial elections, 2014 Four justices of the seven-member North Carolina Supreme Court and four judges of the 15-member North Carolina Court of Appeals were elected by North Carolina voters on November 4 , 2014 , concurrently with other state elections . Terms for seats on each court are eight years . Assessing the election results , Politifact writer Louis Jacobson noted that Supreme Court races in North Carolina and other states yielded `` better-than-average results '' for Democrats , who otherwise suffered heavy defeats across the country . `` In a series of hotly contested North Carolina contests , two Democratic-leaning judges -LSB- Ervin and Hudson -RSB- prevailed , one Democrat -LSB- Beasley -RSB- was leading in a very close race , and one Republican -LSB- Chief Justice Martin -RSB- was re-elected , '' Jacobson wrote . At the Court of Appeals level , two Democrats , Lucy Inman and Mark Davis , and one Republican , John Tyson , were elected in contested races , while another Republican , Donna Stroud , was re-elected without opposition . North Carolina ranked second among all states in total spending on judicial election campaigns in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c78866480302a947575c28ffd0332291", "text": "Niña La Niña ( Spanish for The Girl ) was one of the three Spanish ships used by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in his first voyage to the West Indies in 1492 . As was tradition for Spanish ships of the day , she bore a female saint 's name , Santa Clara . However , she was commonly referred to by her nickname , La Niña , which was probably a pun on the name of her owner , Juan Niño of Moguer . She was a standard caravel-type vessel . The other ships of the Columbus expedition were the caravel-type and the carrack-type . Niña was by far Columbus 's favorite . She was originally lateen sail rigged caravela latina , but she was re-rigged as caravela redonda at Las Palmas , in the Canary Islands , with square sails for better ocean performance . There is no authentic documentation on the specifics of Niñas design , although Michele de Cuneo , who accompanied Columbus on his second voyage , mentioned that Niña was `` about 60 toneladas '' ( 60 tons ) , which may indicate a medium-sized caravel of around 50 ft in length on deck . Often said to have had three masts , there is some evidence she may have had four masts . Niña , like Pinta and Santa María , was a smaller trade ship built to sail the Mediterranean sea , not the open ocean . It was greatly surpassed in size by ships like of the Hanseatic League , built in 1462 , 51 m in length , and the English carrack , built during the period 1420 -- 1439 , 66.4 m in length and weighing between 1,400 tons and 2,750 tons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265e522b29c492fb85a0a5379f0100ba", "text": "Piedmont Crescent The Piedmont Crescent , also known as the Piedmont Urban Crescent , is a large , polycentric urbanized region in the U.S. state of North Carolina that forms the northern section of the rapidly developing Piedmont Atlantic megalopolis ( or `` megaregion '' ) , a conurbation also known as the `` I-85 Boombelt '' , which extends from the Raleigh area ) to Atlanta , Georgia in the southeastern United States . Residents commonly attribute development of the Crescent communities to the Indian Trading Path and related settlements established by indigenous peoples long before European contact . The Trading Path was also used by European traders , and later by settlers entering the backcountry regions of the piedmont of North Carolina , South Carolina and Georgia . Forming the shape of a crescent in North Carolina , the region is located in the central Piedmont area of the state . European-American settlement progressed generally from the east to the west , from what is now metropolitan Raleigh-Durham and the Research Triangle area at its eastern edge , through the Piedmont Triad cities of Greensboro and Winston-Salem at its center , and southwest to metropolitan Charlotte . This region has undergone sustained population and economic growth ( acutely in the Charlotte and Raleigh areas ) since the late 19th century , a trend that has accelerated since the late 20th century . It is notable as the fourth-largest manufacturing region in the country , as well as an international center of banking and finance , textiles , biotech and high technology . The region includes seven of North Carolina 's eight largest cities and encompasses many smaller cities , towns and suburban areas , as well as the metropolitan centers of the Research Triangle , Piedmont Triad , and Charlotte Metropolitan Area . It is home to almost two-thirds of North Carolina 's population . Ten major universities -- Duke , NC State , UNC Chapel Hill , UNC Charlotte , NC Central , Wake Forest , UNC-Greensboro , NC A&T State University , Elon University and High Point University -- and three international airports ( CLT , RDU and GSO ) , as well as the world-renowned Research Triangle Park , also are located in the region . Its three Combined Statistical Areas have a total population of about 6 million people ( Raleigh-Durham , 1.98 million ; Greensboro , High Point , Winston-Salem , 1.66 million ; and Charlotte , 2.62 million ) , together representing over 63 % of the state 's total population . The Piedmont Crescent name is thought to have been coined when the North Carolina Railroad company first laid tracks through the area in 1855-56 . The railway , which was named the `` Piedmont Crescent Railroad '' , brought extensive growth to the communities along its route . These evolved to comprise today 's interlinked urbanized region . Although the freight and passenger rail corridor remains of critical importance , the region 's Interstate 85 and Interstate 40 freeway system serves as its primary transportation link today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ef9f6311fd26153a9f6e084211b7fab", "text": "Nina Simone at Newport Nina Simone at Newport is an album by jazz singer and musician Nina Simone . It was her second live album for Colpix , recorded at the Newport Jazz Festival on June 30 , 1960 . All arrangements were written by Nina Simone , and it was produced by Stu Phillips .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f842e6f53ef3685d4d6d5d8030823c", "text": "Day Dreaming (Nina Sky song) `` Day Dreaming '' is a single by American duo Nina Sky from their third studio album , Nicole and Natalie , released on February 2 , 2012 . It was written by Nicole and Natalie Albino , and produced by Beau Vallis . The music video for the song was released on February 28 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1373159ebc709e03eb1a8dd03dee94c9", "text": "Newport 1958 Newport 1958 is a 1958 album by Duke Ellington , recorded at the Newport Jazz Festival of that year and later in the Columbia recording studio . The original album , Newport 1958 and the French Columbia CD #COL 468436 2 are mostly studio re-recordings of numbers performed at Newport . There is also dubbed in applause and crowd noise from Newport . During this time , Duke was frequently re-recording pieces that were performed live in the studio to be included on `` live '' albums . This was because he felt the live performances were not up to his standards . Only the tracks , `` Just Scratchin ' the Surface '' and `` Prima Bara Dubla '' are from Newport on the original album . The double CD is all the music performed at Newport on July 3 , 1958 . The third CD was issued by Mosaic Records and contains all of the original album , minus the dubbed in crowd noise and applause . It also contains select live tracks from Newport to fill out the CD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c89abcafd5d48ffcd715c3c77219f495", "text": "Unbehagen Unbehagen is the second studio album by Nina Hagen Band released in 1979 by CBS Records . It is the last album released by the band , before Nina Hagen decided to pursue a solo career . The band kept on performing under the name Spliff . The German title means Discomfort but it can be also seen as a pun on the band name . The album produced three singles , `` African Reggae '' , `` Herrmann hiess er '' and `` Auf 'm Rummel '' . `` Herrmann hiess er '' deals with a drug addiction and is believed to be about Hagen 's ex-boyfriend Herman Brood . The accompanying music video was also released . The album also contains a German cover version , `` Wir leben immer ... noch '' , of Lene Lovich 's hit single `` Lucky Number '' . The song `` Wenn ich ein Junge wär '' was recorded live in April 1979 at the Saarbrücken Congress Hall . The album was a chart success and was certified Gold in Germany in 1981 , selling in over 250,000 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0756bffb7ca53b91a94573f7585dd67e", "text": "Arenia Mallory Arenia Conelia Mallory ( December 28 , 1904 -- May 1977 ) was an American educator and teacher in Mississippi , and a national political activist working for African-American education and civil rights . She gained a national reputation as president of Saints Industrial and Literary School , which she developed over 50 years from a few students in 1926 to a private K-12 academic school and junior college on 350 acres . It was affiliated with the Pentecostal Church of God in Christ , in which Mallory had been active since about age 18 . At a time of disenfranchisement of blacks , segregation , and historic underfunding of black education in the South , Mallory contributed to emerging national networks of black women and drew from them and white philanthropists to raise money for the school . Saints was instrumental in black education in Mississippi ; for many years , it was the only accredited high school for blacks in its area . It attracted students from nearly every state and from African nations due to its strong academic reputation ; over the decades , Mallory educated an estimated 20,000 students through Saints . In addition , Mallory became a national leader in the COGIC Women 's Department ; from the 1940s , she helped to create wider civic engagement of church women ; they worked for a `` sanctified world . '' Through the National Council of Negro Women , of which Mallory was a charter member beginning in 1935 and vice-president for many years , she worked for education and civil rights for African Americans . She engaged with national leaders such as Mary McLeod Bethune in the NCNW to raise funds to support her school in Mississippi and to draw women leaders into greater public life . Through Saints and her civic activities , Mallory promoted her advocacy for the mostly black and poor sharecroppers in the county and for the Civil Rights Movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d374e360d176384741b9f642775d7df", "text": "Feels Like Carolina Feels Like Carolina is the major label debut album by American country music group Parmalee . It was released on December 10 , 2013 via Stoney Creek Records . The album features twelve songs , including the singles `` Musta Had a Good Time '' , `` Carolina '' , `` Close Your Eyes '' and `` Already Callin ' You Mine '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2678955a1aaaeeb1350b9647ecfd8622", "text": "Ric Records Ric Records , along with sister label Ron Records , were American record labels formed by Joe Ruffino in 1959 . Although most of Ric 's releases did not rise above regional hits , the label was active during the golden era of New Orleans R&B and was an incubator for many artists who are now recognized as definers of the style . After his first taste of the music industry at A-1 Distributors , Joe Ruffino set out on his own with the Ric and Ron imprints , headquartered at 630 Baronne Street in New Orleans . The labels were named after Joe 's two sons . Ric Records was focused exclusively on releasing local New Orleans talent . Edgar Blanchard was brought in to help with studio arrangements , and supervised all early Ric studio sessions . He was later replaced by Harold Battiste . Mac Rebennack ( later `` Dr. John '' ) was also brought on as label president and helped with writing and producing . Artists released on the label include Eddie Bo , Johnny Adams , Lenny Capello , Al Johnson , Tommy Ridgley and Joe Jones . Joe Jones provided Ric with its only sizeable hit , `` You Talk Too Much '' , which peaked at # 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the fall of 1960 . This record was the cause of some legal issues with New York City-based outfit Roulette Records , with which Joe Jones previously recorded a version of the tune . Sister label Ron Records had a similar focus on local talent . Artists released include Professor Longhair ( local favorite `` Go to the Mardi Gras '' ) , Irma Thomas , Bobby Mitchell , Eddie Lang ( not to be confused with the jazz guitarist Eddie Lang ) and Martha Carter . After being discovered in a local club by Tommy Ridgley , Irma Thomas recorded her first single '' ( You Can Have My Husband but ) Do n't Mess with My Man '' for Ron within a week . She is now recognized as an important American singer , and was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2007 . Ric and Ron folded in 1962 when Joe Ruffino died .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668", "text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3a4849848cbb5d1f7b37467e05b8f1", "text": "List of North Carolina state symbols The state of North Carolina has 42 official state emblems , as well as other designated places and events . The majority are determined by acts of the North Carolina General Assembly and record in Chapters 144 , 145 , and 149 of the North Carolina General Statutes . The state 's nicknames -- `` The Old North State '' and `` The Tar Heel State '' -- are both traditional , but have never been passed into law by the General Assembly . The first symbol was the Seal of North Carolina , which was made official in 1871 . The original seal also contained the future state motto . It served as the state 's only emblem for 14 years until the adoption of the state flag in 1885 . Enacted by law in 2013 , the newest symbols of North Carolina are the state art medium , clay ; the state fossil , the Megalodon teeth ; the state frog , the Pine Barrens tree frog ; the state marsupial , the Virginia opossum ; and the state salamander , the Marbled salamander .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9fb7c11bbe4336da2951820982ef38e", "text": "Charlie Whitehead For the Australian rules footballer , see Charlie Whitehead ( footballer ) . Charlie Whitehead ( September 12 , 1942 -- June 26 , 2015 ) was a soul singer from Franklin , Virginia . Whitehead moved to New York City in 1968 and was subsequently signed to Musicor 's R&B subsidiary , Dynamo Records , by Charlie Foxx . At Dynamo , Whitehead was paired with Jerry Williams , Jr. , and the two wrote songs ( often with Gary U.S. Bonds ) for artists such as Dee Dee Warwick and Doris Duke , including Warwick 's 1970 hit , `` She Did n't Know ( She Kept on Talking ) '' . Releasing only one single on Dynamo , Whitehead followed Williams when he left for Canyon Records . In 1970 , using the name Raw Spitt , Whitehead released a self-titled album , produced and mostly written by Williams . An additional song recorded for , but not included on the album , `` Songs to Sing '' was also released as a single on United Artists . Whitehead released some material under his own name on Williams ' Stone Dogg Records and in 1973 , the album Charlie Whitehead and the Swamp Dogg Band on Williams ' Fungus Records . In 1975 , he made the Billboard R&B chart with `` Love Being Your Fool '' on Island Records . He released one more album , 1977 's Whitehead at Yellowstone before dropping from view . A CD compiling Raw Spitt , Charlie Whitehead and the Swamp Dogg Band , and various non-album tracks -- called Songs to Sing : The Charlie Whitehead Anthology '' -- was released by Ace Records in 2006 . On June 26 , 2015 , Charlie Whitehead died .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7e3f4e690f749cb3d7df0ab4175d4a6", "text": "Nina Bouraoui Yasmina `` Nina '' Bouraoui ( Ar : نينا بو راوي , born 1967 ) is a French novelist and song-writer born in Rennes , Ille-et-Vilaine , of an Algerian father and a French mother . She spent the first fourteen years of her life in Algiers , then Zürich and Abu Dhabi . She now lives in Paris . Her novels are mostly written in the first person and , with the exception of Avant les hommes ( Before the Men ) , have been said by the author to be works of `` auto-fiction '' . This is even the case for Le Bal des Murènes ( The ball of moray eels ) , which , like Avant les hommes , has a male narrator . Since writing her first novel in 1991 , Bouraoui has affirmed the influence of Marguerite Duras in her work , although the life narratives and works many other artists are also to be found in her novels ( and songs ) . This is particularly true of Mes Mauvaises Pensées ( My Bad Thoughts ) which bears the imprint of Hervé Guibert , Annie Ernaux , David Lynch , Eileen Gray , and Violette Leduc amongst others . Questions of identity , desire , memory , writing , childhood and celebrity culture are some of the major themes of her work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f0a403a4e22adea9948f5321f1eb854", "text": "Ratchet (slang) Ratchet is a slang term in hip hop that in the strictest sense refers to an uncouth female , and is a Louisianan regiolect of `` wretched '' . The term has devolved to multiple meanings and connotations and is not bound by race or gender . The term gained popularity in 2012 through music artists and celebrities . It has been used similarly as the word `` ghetto '' . `` Ratchet '' can be used as an adjective , noun , or verb . The word has evolved to have many different meanings , and it can have either a positive or negative connotation . Some African-American women have reappropriated the word and embrace the meaning , whereas others point to how the term reinforces the negative portrayal of African-American women in the media . Numerous music artists have referred to the term `` ratchet '' in their songs . In November 2012 , LL Cool J released a single called `` Ratchet '' . In December 2012 , Beyoncé posted a picture of her wearing earrings that contained the word `` ratchet '' in it . Juicy J , Lil Debbie , Cam ` ron , Future , and Lil ' Boosie are some other artists who have also used the term in their music . Miley Cyrus had been criticized by some as appropriating ratchet culture . The word ratchet first appeared in publication in 1999 , with the song `` Do the Ratchet '' by Anthony Mandigo from Shreveport , Louisiana . Mandigo reportedly learned the term from his grandmother . In 2004 , a new version of the song was recorded . The producer of the song named Earl Williams , also known as Phunk Dawg , wrote the definition in the CD liner notes : `` n. , pron. , v , adv. , 1 . To be ghetto , real , gutter , nasty . 2 . It 's whatever , bout it , etc. . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
d50789cc3d832fd3afa5a53cb1a823a7	Katie Holmes' birthday is December 18.	[ { "docid": "31a04603562e957308e5e64ae404a56a", "text": "Katie Holmes Kate Noelle Holmes ( born December 18 , 1978 ) is an American actress who first achieved fame for her role as Joey Potter on The WB television teen drama Dawson 's Creek from 1998 to 2003 . She appeared in 1998 's Disturbing Behavior , a thriller , which won her an MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance . In 2000 Holmes featured in Wonder Boys which got positive attention from many leading critics . Holmes had a starring role in 2003 's Pieces of April , a gritty comedy about a dysfunctional family on Thanksgiving . In the 2005 film Batman Begins , the highest-grossing film of her career to date , she played Rachel Dawes , Gotham City 's assistant district attorney and Bruce Wayne 's childhood sweetheart . She also appeared in art house films such as The Ice Storm , horror films such as Do n't Be Afraid of the Dark and thrillers including Abandon . She has also played on Broadway in a production of Arthur Miller 's All My Sons and had numerous guest roles on television programs such as How I Met Your Mother . In 2011 , she starred as Jacqueline Kennedy in the The Kennedys miniseries , a role she later reprised in the 2017 miniseries The Kennedys : After Camelot . Her marriage to actor Tom Cruise from 2006 to 2012 led to a great deal of media attention , with the pair being called a supercouple and given the nickname `` TomKat '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1023953aa7a1fb893d3f03f2ae6ebb81", "text": "Katie Holmes (historian) Katie Holmes is a professor of history at La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "883eef472ad3a6b43213907415401203", "text": "Birthday cake A birthday cake is a cake traditionally eaten as part of a birthday celebration in many cultures around the world . Traditions associated with the birthday cake in many Western cultures include singing the Happy Birthday to You song . Candles are often put on the cake and the person whose birthday it is has to blow out the candles . Often , the number of candles on the cake corresponds to the age of the person whose birthday it is ( although the older the person , the less likely it is that this tradition will be upheld ) . Blowing all the candles out at once is thought to bring good luck . Variations of the typical birthday cake include birthday cupcakes , cake pops , pastries , and tarts . While there is not a universal standard regarding taste , birthday cakes are often vanilla , chocolate , or strawberry flavored . They are also baked in a variety of shapes and decorated in one color or multiple colors with icing or fondant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a59c88ed8a34806675b8eb05e7d3531d", "text": "The Scientific Sherlock Holmes: Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics The Scientific Sherlock Holmes : Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics ( ISBN 978-0-199-79496-6 ) is a book written by James O'Brien , which was originally published on 3 December 2012 and then by Oxford University Press , USA on 3 January 2013 . The book later went on to win the Edgar Award for Best Critical / Biographical Work in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de236e6e78b0ebfc6620dd181c0ea03d", "text": "October 18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e61e0bead5d01084137cac71930ec99f", "text": "December 30", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b504239bb7b3f83b9c0744ee000bbb", "text": "Seventeen (Japanese magazine) is a monthly Japanese fashion magazine for female teenagers published by Shueisha . Launched in 1967 as a weekly magazine based on the original American Seventeen , the magazine changed the name to SEVENTEEN in 1987 , and to Seventeen in 2008 . Since the late 1990s , Seventeen has been the highest-selling teenage fashion magazine in Japan , and has featured its exclusive teenage models as ST-Mo ( STモ - Seventeen Model ) . Seventeen is very sought after among models ( teenage models ) because being featured on the magazine especially on its cover and certain pages , strongly helps them to get high-quality endorsements and prestigious contracts . Well-known former Seventeen models include Keiko Kitagawa , Nana Eikura , Rie Miyazawa , Anna Tsuchiya , Hinano Yoshikawa , and Emi Suzuki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "280e9d8c182e405e0a5534c3064c103e", "text": "The Sherlock Holmes The Sherlock Holmes is a Victorian era themed public house in Northumberland Street near Charing Cross railway station and Trafalgar Square which contains a large collection of memorabilia related to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes . The original collection was put together for display in Baker Street in London during the Festival of Britain in 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78c3b314aa040045fcf4b8599c35fd", "text": "List of Sherlock Holmes episodes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ( 1984 -- 1985 ) , The Return of Sherlock Holmes ( 1986 -- 1988 ) , The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes ( 1991 -- 1993 ) and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes ( 1994 ) , collectively known as Sherlock Holmes , are a series of adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes stories which were produced by Granada Television and originally broadcast by ITV in the United Kingdom . The series starred Jeremy Brett as Holmes and David Burke ( in the Adventures series ) and Edward Hardwicke ( Return , Case-Book , Memoirs ) as Dr. Watson . The programme adapted 42 of the original stories in 41 episodes , with 36 running for 50 minutes ( in a one-hour timeslot ) , and five being feature-length specials . Adventures ran for two series totalling 13 episodes , from April to June 1984 and August to September 1985 . Return ran for two series from July to August 1986 and April to August 1988 , as well as the specials `` The Sign of Four '' and `` The Hound of the Baskervilles '' , which aired on 29 December 1987 and 31 August 1988 respectively . Case-Book ran for one series from February to March 1991 and three specials which aired on 2 January 1992 and 27 January and 3 February 1993 . Memoirs ran for one series from March to April 1994 . A short episode was also produced as part of `` The Four Oaks Mystery '' which aired during the ITV Telethon in 1992 . Sherlock Holmes appeared in the first part , with the casts of Van der Valk , Taggart and Inspector Wexford appearing in the second , third and fourth parts respectively . The series has been released on DVD in Regions 1 , 2 and 4 , and has been repeated on ITV3 and BBC Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8168526d535cbe3dc4b75ea5254fe849", "text": "Abbey Holmes Abbey Holmes ( born 7 January 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Adelaide Football Club in the AFL Women 's competition . She was drafted by Adelaide with their thirteenth selection and 103rd overall in the 2016 AFL Women 's draft . She made her debut in the thirty-six point win against at Thebarton Oval in the opening round of the 2017 season . She was a part of Adelaide 's premiership side after the club defeated by six points at Metricon Stadium in the AFL Women 's Grand Final . She played every match in her debut season to finish with eight matches . Adelaide signed Holmes for the 2018 season during the trade period in May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b9d634b1c09fb1eda308173681d04f", "text": "Black Christmas (2006 film) Black Christmas ( abbreviated as Black X-Mas ) is a 2006 American-Canadian slasher film written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Katie Cassidy , Michelle Trachtenberg , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Oliver Hudson , Lacey Chabert , Kristen Cloke , and Andrea Martin . The film takes place several days before Christmas , and tells the story of a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered by the house 's former inhabitants during a winter storm . It is a loose remake of the 1974 film of the same name . The film was produced by Morgan and James Wong through their production company Hard Eight Pictures , along with 2929 Productions and Dimension Films , while Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer distributed the film . In December 2006 , upon anticipation of its premiere , the film garnered some criticism from religious groups due to its graphic content in a holiday setting , as well as the distributor 's decision to release the film on Christmas Day in the United States . The film opened in the United Kingdom on December 15 , 2006 , and , despite backlash from some religious organizations , opened in US theaters on Christmas Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9acfff95c6f6929428f61222c82f363", "text": "December 22", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f2117acb3b7583ad50f2de2ea83a45f", "text": "18... 18 ... is the debut album by Chinese Singer-songwriter G.E.M. released October 2009 on Forward Music Co , Ltd. . The album contains 12 songs and consists the genres of Cantopop , Mandopop , R&B , soul and rock ballad . 18 ... was simultaneously released with the limited edition , 18 Plus , on 27 October 2009 . The 18 USB was initially released for G.E.M. 's 18 Live Concert on 11 November 2009 , however , it was later put on general sale . Due to the popularity of the album , it was republished as the 18 ... ( 3rd Edition ) , it also includes bonus track `` Smoking , Drinking & Swearing '' , Jan Lamb featuring G.E.M. , was added to the disc . Prior to the Taiwanese market , 18 ... ( Taiwanese Edition ) was released on 5 April 2010 , this edition was added three Mandarin tracks ( one is new recorded ' 寫不出的溫柔 ' and other two are previously tracks from her self-titled EP ) . It was also released with a limited edition version , however , this album has a reordered track list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfcfab98b5b363f571c3b71e498304c3", "text": "Key demographic The key demographic is a term in television ratings that refers to the most desirable demographic group to a given advertiser . Key demographics vary by network , time of day , and programming type , but they are generally composed of individuals who are younger and more affluent than the general public : `` Young adult viewers have been TV 's target demographic for decades , because they 're thought to have less brand loyalty and more disposable income . '' Most key demographic groups consist of adults who are somewhere in age between 18 and 54 . For example , the key demographic for reality television is women with disposable income aged 18 to 34 whereas for the WB Television Network it is `` eighteen - to thirty-four-year-old , educated , white , affluent viewers '' Television programming is tailored to members of its key demographics : `` Despite the increase in time-shifting to watch recorded television and shows on the Internet , the use of television as an advertising vehicle is still determined by demographic characteristics or who is watching at what time . '' The subset of ratings that only includes the key demographic of 18 - to 49-year-olds is often referred to as the `` key demo '' . Certain radio formats ( especially those dubbed `` classic '' ) and television outlets may target persons 35 to 64 , especially since the late 2000s recession wiped out many career opportunities for millennials , since the 35 -- 64 demographic has much more disposable income .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37319b4009be45712fe691dd87d43d24", "text": "National Kidney Registry The National Kidney Registry ( NKR ) is the largest paired exchange program in the United States and facilitates over 360 paired exchange transplants annually . The NKR was founded by the Hil family in 2007 after their youngest daughter lost her kidney function at age ten . Both parents were ruled out from donating to their daughter because they were biologically incompatible . Finally , after unsuccessful attempts to find a compatible donor through all of the kidney paired exchange programs in the United States , a compatible donor was found . After their transplant ordeal , the Hil family founded the National Kidney Registry to eliminate the problem of incompatible donors by building a national kidney paired donation program ( KPD ) . Mr. Hil was the first KPD leader to donate one of his kidneys to start a chain . His kidney donation 2015 initiated a swap that facilitated 8 transplants . The success of the NKR has generated significant media coverage including a front page story in the New York Times and nationally televised interviews by Katie Couric with CBS Evening News , Diane Sawyer from ABC News , and Byron Pitts at Nightline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4281e83125f8343bb4b90129936294da", "text": "Go Ask Alice Go Ask Alice is a 1971 fiction book about a teenage girl who develops a drug habit at age 15 , runs away from home , and eventually dies of a drug overdose . Attributed to `` Anonymous '' , the book is in diary form , and was originally presented as being the edited `` real diary '' of the unnamed teenage protagonist . Questions about the book 's authenticity and true authorship began to arise in the late 1970s , and it is now generally viewed as a work of fiction written by Beatrice Sparks , a therapist and author who went on to write numerous other books purporting to be real diaries of troubled teenagers . Some sources have also named Linda Glovach as a co-author of the book . Intended for a young adult audience , Go Ask Alice became a widely popular bestseller . It was initially praised for conveying a powerful message about the dangers of drug abuse , but more recently has been criticized as poorly written anti-drug propaganda and also as a literary hoax . Nevertheless , its popularity has endured , and as of 2014 it had remained continuously in print since its publication over four decades earlier . Go Ask Alice has also ranked among the most frequently challenged books for several decades due to its use of profanity and explicit references to sex and rape , as well as drugs . The book was adapted into the 1973 television film Go Ask Alice , starring Jamie Smith-Jackson and William Shatner . In 1976 , a stage play of the same name , written by Frank Shiras and based on the book , was also published .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "211c764d410fedaff942669a8f2c48f0", "text": "November 18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b7664452237aec9586c72833a1beb9b", "text": "Merry Christmas, Mrs. Moskowitz `` Merry Christmas , Mrs. Moskowitz '' is the tenth episode of Frasier 's sixth season . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 17 , 1998 . In the episode , Frasier , while shopping for Christmas gifts meets a stylish Jewish woman , Helen Moskowitz , who asks him to take her daughter Faye on a blind date . This leads to a deepening relationship between each other . Helen on Christmas Eve makes a stop by Frasier 's apartment , unaware that he is not Jewish and so he and the family must pretend that they are to survive the visit . The episode was directed by Kelsey Grammer and was written by Jay Kogen . Amy Brenneman and Carole Shelley guest stars in the episode as Faye and Helen respectively . Since airing , the episode has received many positive reviews from television critics and fans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fc7a8129c3644211750e69dc0c95da0", "text": "New Year's Eve In the Gregorian calendar , New Year 's Eve ( also known as Old Year 's Day or Saint Sylvester 's Day in many countries ) , the last day of the year , is on December 31 which is the seventh day of the Christmas season . In many countries , New Year 's Eve is celebrated at evening social gatherings , where many people dance , eat , drink alcoholic beverages , and watch or light fireworks to mark the new year . Some Christians attend a watchnight service . The celebrations generally go on past midnight into January 1 ( New Year 's Day ) . Samoa , Tonga and Kiritimati ( Christmas Island ) , part of Kiribati , are the first places to welcome the New Year while American Samoa and Baker Island in the United States of America are among the last .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d36485fa062eb890ce54ded60a694c95", "text": "November 20", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cab97388ec97d63d82d306ade6404916", "text": "Twelve Days of Christmas The Twelve Days of Christmas , also known as Twelvetide , is a festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus Christ . In most Western ecclesiastical traditions , `` Christmas Day '' is considered the `` First Day of Christmas '' and the Twelve Days are 25 December -- 5 January , inclusive . For many Christian denominations ; for example , the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Church , the Twelve Days are identical to Christmastide , but for others , e.g. , the Roman Catholic Church , `` Christmastide '' lasts longer than the Twelve Days of Christmas .", "title": "" } ]	fever
14619ca2fcacdb99889afd78c273bd2e	Formula One car performance is heavily dependent on electric sensors.	[ { "docid": "6f4ee950d445a881b0ffc4fe2e388fad", "text": "Formula One Formula One ( also Formula 1 or F1 and officially the FIA Formula One World Championship ) is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) . The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the premier form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950 , although other Formula One races were regularly held until 1983 . The `` formula '' , designated in the name , refers to a set of rules , to which all participants ' cars must conform . The F1 season consists of a series of races , known as Grands Prix ( from French , meaning grand prizes ) , held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads . The results of each race are evaluated using a points system to determine two annual World Championships , one for drivers , one for constructors . The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences , the highest class of racing licence issued by the FIA . The races are required to be held on tracks graded 1 ( formerly A ) , the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA . Most events are held in rural locations on purpose-built tracks , but there are several events in city centres throughout the world , with the Monaco Grand Prix being the most famous example . Formula One cars are the fastest road course racing cars in the world , owing to very high cornering speeds achieved through the generation of large amounts of aerodynamic downforce . Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 rpm . The cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of six g in corners . The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronicsalthough traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008and on aerodynamics , suspension , and tyres . The formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport . While Europe is the sport 's traditional base , and hosts about half of each year 's races , the sport 's scope has expanded significantly and an increasing number of Grands Prix are held on other continents . F1 had a total global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season . Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular type internationally in the second half of the twentieth century . The Formula One Group is the legal holder of the commercial rights . With the cost of designing and building mid-tier cars being of the order of $ 120 million , Formula One 's economic effect and creation of jobs are significant , and its financial and political battles are widely reported . Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment , which has resulted in great investments from sponsors and budgets in the hundreds of millions for the constructors . Since 2000 the sport 's spiralling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favouring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy . On 8 September 2016 it was announced that Liberty Media Corp. had agreed to buy Delta Topco , the company that controls Formula One , from private equity firm CVC Capital Partners for $ 4.4 billion in cash , stock and convertible debt . On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $ 8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "48fdc50812819c22d313fa68aa4541c3", "text": "Schumacher BTCC The Schumacher BTCC is a race series for radio-controlled cars . It is organised by Schumacher Racing Products in the UK and run to BRCA rules . The series takes place on eight different tracks all over the UK , however it is not to be confused with the BRCA National Championship series . The championship was first started by Schumacher in 1995 solely as a modified touring car support class to the BRCA Pro-10 circuit championship , but within a couple of years , the entries for the touring cars surpassed the Pro-10 's , and Schumacher organised a separate meeting to cater for everyone . It generally features three classes : Stock 27t , Superstock 19t and Modified & Brushless for any make of touring car . 2006 also featured a class for its GTRe on road racer , a three speed electric circuit car . This class took over from Schumacher 's previous Big 6 Lotus class , but was dropped early in 2007 due to lack of entrants . Each BTCC round features three qualifying heats and two finals , with the best 10 final results counting to each drivers score . The qualifying tames place under usual FTD ( fastest time of the day ) rules , with A-Z Finals . The top three in each final get a trophy . These are supplied by the host club , but Schumacher funds end-of-season trophies to the top three overall drivers in each class , and a special Cecil Schumacher Trophy , to the top Modified driver , in recognition of the origin of the championship . Uniquely , Schumacher provides a range of prizes for an end-of-meeting raffle , in which any entrant has an equal chance of winning . The series uses control tyers , which are the Sorex 28R , 32R or 36R , each pre-glued with a Sorex insert and Rev-Lite wheel . For the first time in 2006 tyre warmers were allowed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de34743655c1461a6e9d0dc5a897e433", "text": "Brake-by-wire In the automotive industry , brake-by-wire technology is the ability to control brakes through electrical means . It can be designed to supplement ordinary service brakes or it can be a standalone brake system . This technology is widely used on all hybrid and battery electric vehicles , including the Toyota Prius . Brake-by-wire is also common in the form of the electric park brake which is now widely used on mainstream vehicles . The technology replaces traditional components such as the pumps , hoses , fluids , belts and vacuum servos and master cylinders with electronic sensors and actuators . Drive-by-wire technology in automotive industry replaces the traditional mechanical and hydraulic control systems with electronic control systems using electromechanical actuators and human-machine interfaces such as pedal and steering feel emulators . Some x-by-wire technologies have been already installed on commercial vehicles such as steer-by-wire , and throttle-by-wire . Brake-by-wire technology has been widely commercialized with the introduction of Battery Electric Vehicles and Hybrid Vehicles . The most widely used application by Toyota in the high volume Prius was preceded by the GM EV1 , the Rav4 EV , and other EVs where the technology is required for regenerative braking . Ford , General Motors , and most other manufacturers use the same general design , with the exception of Honda , who designed a notably different design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "061390930ee93bcc986360e84be03675", "text": "Schumacher Menace GTR The Schumacher Menace GTR is a radio-controlled car made by Schumacher Racing Products , powered by a nitro fuel engine . It is essentially a Schumacher Menace made into an on-road car . This is accomplished using lower shock towers , shorter dampers , different tires , wheels and other small adjustments . The end result is an on-road car that is just as fast as the Schumacher Fusion in a straight line speed but that can corner a lot faster due to its wider chassis and more stable nature . Schumacher also produce an electric powered version , the Schumacher GTRe , which is similar in design but with a 540-size electric motor . The GTRe also includes the three-speed gearbox and disc brake system , something which is highly unusual for an electric RC-car of this type -- electric on-road cars usually use motor braking and no gearbox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b9c6ea3a693796359e223fece1a4e9", "text": "Bahrain Grand Prix The Bahrain Grand Prix is a Formula One Championship race in Bahrain sponsored by Gulf Air . The first race took place at the Bahrain International Circuit on 4 April 2004 . It made history as the first Formula One Grand Prix to be held in the Middle East , and was given the award for the `` Best Organised Grand Prix '' by the FIA . The Bahrain Grand Prix has usually been the third race of the Formula One calendar . However , in the 2006 season , Bahrain swapped places with the traditional opener , the Australian Grand Prix , which was pushed back to avoid a clash with the Commonwealth Games . In 2010 , Bahrain staged the opening race of the 2010 season and the cars drove the full 6.299 km `` Endurance Circuit '' to celebrate F1 's ` diamond jubilee ' . The 2011 Grand Prix , due to be held on 13 March , was cancelled on 21 February due to the 2011 Bahraini protests after drivers including Damon Hill and Mark Webber had protested . Human rights activists called for a cancellation of 2012 race due to reports of alleged human rights abuses committed by the Bahraini authorities . Team personnel also voiced concerns about safety , but the race , nonetheless , was held as planned on 22 April 2012 . In 2014 , to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the first staging of the Bahrain Grand Prix , the race was held as a night event under floodlights . In so doing it became the second Formula One night race after the Singapore Grand Prix in 2008 . Bahrain 's inaugural night event was won by Lewis Hamilton . Subsequent races have also been night races . Shortly after the Formula One February 2014 testing , Grand Prix organizers for Bahrain announced a decision to name the first corner of the iconic track after former seven-time champion German driver Michael Schumacher in honour of his achievements and also in support after the driver suffered an almost fatal skiing accident late December 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edf726d15753b352bab9360ac3123a05", "text": "European Formula Two Championship The European Formula Two Championship was a Formula Two motor racing series that was held between 1967 -- 84 . The races were held across Europe , and were contested both by drivers aiming to compete in Formula One in the future as well as current Formula One drivers wishing to practice . The series was sanctioned by the FIA , motorsports world governing body . In order to prevent the series being dominated by Formula One drivers , the grading system was introduced where successful Formula One drivers and recent Formula Two champions were not eligible to score championship points if they competed in a round of the European Formula Two Championship . Towards the end of the series life , the number of entrants diminished and declining interest meant that it was replaced by the Formula 3000 class following the 1984 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "766d61771729377a874ad01dbe3a0f62", "text": "GTR – FIA GT Racing Game GTR -- FIA GT Racing Game is a sports car racing simulator developed by SimBin Studios ( later Sector3 Studios ) for the x86 PC . An Xbox version was announced very early on , but never materialized . In April 2006 , an Xbox 360 version was announced . The Xbox 360 version of the game was to be published by THQ . However , THQ later announced they would no longer be working together with Simbin on the title . Race Pro was released for the Xbox 360 in February 2009 . As a racing simulator , it attempts to recreate real-world physics as accurately as possible , rather than exaggerating speed and handling abilities for the sake of easier gameplay . Some games that compare to the realism featured in GTR include Grand Prix Legends , Live for Speed and F1 Challenge . It has a full license from the FIA for their GT championship , so it features the original FIA GT Series cars and courses . All tracks were constructed from satellite data to improve accuracy , and the developers were helped by many teams in the GT - and NGT-classes . The game engine produces and outputs telemetry data in a format that is usable by the telemetry software i2 by MoTeC -- a software tool used by real racing teams . The game has three modes , one with full realism and the two others with reduced levels of realism for intermediate players and newcomers . The user is provided with a great deal of control over the setup of the car , e.g. dampers , springs , anti-roll bars , gear ratios , wings and brake pressure can be adjusted in detail . Although the user is allowed to map the controls to e.g. a keyboard or joystick/gamepad , a wheel/pedal set is really a requirement for a complete racing experience . GTR fully supports the TrackIR device . StarForce copy protection is used to prevent illegal copies of the game from being produced . Some consider the graphics to be only mediocre whilst others praise the attention to detail in both car modelling and texturing . What is certain is that GTR does lack some effects seen in contemporary games . However , GTR does enable the player to participate in races with over 60 competitors . The game has been criticized numerous times for poor Netcode which often can result in an online game failing during the start . GTR also suffers from virtually no automatic enforcement of rules and regulations , and so `` fair racing '' is only seen by a few on public servers . The open nature of multiplayer sessions makes it easy for a single player to cause disruption for other players , or even to ruin the entire race . Consequently , joining a GTR league or community often proves beneficial for players who wish to participate in clean online racing . GTR 's rating has been suffered by the comparatively long amount of time needed to load a race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7920df1167826b7aa6a75b3408609664", "text": "1972 Formula One season The 1972 Formula One season was the 26th season of the FIA 's Formula One motor racing . It featured the 23rd World Championship of Drivers , the 15th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers and numerous non-championship Formula One races . The World Championship season commenced on 23 January and ended on 8 October after twelve races . For 1972 Team Lotus focused again on the type 72 chassis . Imperial Tobacco continued its sponsorship of the team under its new John Player Special brand . The cars , now often referred to as ` JPS ' , were fielded in a new black and gold livery . Lotus took the championship by surprise in 1972 with 25-year-old Brazilian driver Emerson Fittipaldi who became the youngest world champion at that point . Stewart came second in the championship . This was the first year where all the races were run on circuits with safety features on them , and considerable progress had been made since 1968 , the last year where all races were run on circuits with no safety features . The British Racing Motors ( BRM ) team took its last victory when Jean-Pierre Beltoise won the rain-affected 1972 Monaco Grand Prix in a BRM P160 . The Dutch Grand Prix was cancelled this year because of safety arrangements that were not completed for the race . It was supposed to be held between the Belgian and French Grand Prix 's at the usual location , Zandvoort . Also , a second American motor race called the United States Grand Prix West , originally supposed to be held in April at the Ontario Motor Speedway near Los Angeles , was cancelled . The Mexican Grand Prix was scheduled to be the last race of the season , but it was cancelled after local interest dissipated after the death of Pedro Rodríguez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4d4bb8a28ff34ec62910e15ac8abb9e", "text": "Automobile handling Automobile handling and vehicle handling are descriptions of the way a wheeled vehicle responds and reacts to the inputs of a driver , as well as how it moves along a track or road . It is commonly judged by how a vehicle performs particularly during cornering , acceleration , and braking as well as on the vehicle 's directional stability when moving in steady state condition . In the automotive industry , handling and braking are the major components of a vehicle 's `` active '' safety , as well as its ability to perform in Auto Racing . The maximum lateral acceleration is sometimes discussed separately as `` road holding '' . ( This discussion is directed at road vehicles with at least three wheels , but some of it may apply to other ground vehicles ) . Automobiles driven on public roads whose engineering requirements emphasize handling over comfort and passenger space are named sports cars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09d55bf6a9475192f857e93835c9166f", "text": "1964 Mexican Grand Prix The 1964 Mexican Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Ciudad Deportiva Magdalena Mixhuca in Mexico City on October 25 , 1964 . It was the final round of the 1964 Formula One season . It was perhaps the most dramatic finale in the history of the Formula One World Championship . Championship points could only be scored by the first six place finishers ( 9-6-4-3-2-1 ) . Arriving to the race , three drivers had a chance of winning the title : Graham Hill ( BRM ) with 39 points , John Surtees ( Ferrari ) with 34 points and Jim Clark ( Lotus-Climax ) with 30 points . In order to win the title Clark had to win the race and hope that John Surtees would finish not higher than third and Graham Hill not higher than fourth . Surtees could only win the title by finishing first , in each case , or second , unless Hill finished as high as third . The race began with Clark leading from pole position with Dan Gurney running second in the Brabham-Climax ( Gurney had only ten points going into this race having won the French Grand Prix and scored a sixth place at the Belgian Grand Prix ) . Hill and Lorenzo Bandini , Surtees ' teammate at Ferrari , were duelling for third place with Surtees running a distant fifth , seemingly with no chance at winning the title . Then Bandini ran into the back of Hill 's car causing him to spin and lose a few places . Thereafter Hill 's car ran with a crimped exhaust pipe causing him to lose power . The championship was now firmly in Clark 's grasp . If the positions remained the same , he would be champion with four victories to Hill 's two victories , although they would be tied on points at 39 . But on the penultimate lap , Clark 's engine seized and the positions were now Gurney-Bandini-Surtees . The title was back in Hill 's grasp . Realizing that Surtees could win the title by finishing second , the Ferrari team manager frantically signalled Bandini to slow down as he passed the pits to enter the last lap so as to let Surtees through . Bandini dutifully did so and Surtees finished second , thus winning the World Championship by one point over Hill ( 40 to 39 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f24a52def3f238d47d86a66e9225dcf2", "text": "2014–15 Formula E season The 2014 -- 15 FIA Formula E season was the inaugural season of a new FIA championship for electrically powered cars . It began on 13 September 2014 at Beijing in China and finished on 28 June 2015 in London after eleven races . Nelson Piquet Jr. came first in the overall standings , and so became the first ever Formula E champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cc999fab3a7b437cd9b76cd4877c108", "text": "Lewis Hamilton Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton , MBE ( born 7 January 1985 ) is a British Formula One racing driver from England , currently racing for the Mercedes AMG Petronas team . A three-time Formula One World Champion , he is regarded by fellow and former drivers as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the history of the sport . He won his first title with McLaren in 2008 before moving to Mercedes , where he won back-to-back titles in 2014 and 2015 . In December 1995 , at the age of ten , he approached McLaren team principal Ron Dennis at the Autosport Awards ceremony and told him , `` I want to race for you one day ... I want to race for McLaren . '' Less than three years later McLaren and Mercedes-Benz signed him to their Young Driver Support Programme . After winning the British Formula Renault , Formula Three Euroseries , and GP2 championships on his way up the racing career ladder , he drove for McLaren in 2007 , making his Formula One debut 12 years after his initial encounter with Dennis . Hamilton 's contract for the McLaren driver development program made him the youngest ever driver to secure a contract which later resulted in a Formula One drive . Coming from a mixed background , with a black father and white mother , Hamilton is the first black driver to race in Formula One . Hamilton commented on this , saying `` The way I see it , my colour is an advantage in that it 's something people talk about '' , `` Being the first black man does n't matter much to me personally , but for the sport itself it probably means quite a lot . '' In his first season in Formula One , Hamilton set numerous records while finishing second in the 2007 Formula One Championship , just one point behind Kimi Räikkönen . He won the World Championship the following season in dramatic fashion , becoming the then-youngest Formula One World Champion in history before Sebastian Vettel broke the record two years later . Following his second world title in 2014 , he was named BBC Sports Personality of the Year . In 2015 , he became the first British driver in history to win consecutive F1 titles , and the second British driver to win three titles after Jackie Stewart . He also became the first English driver to reach that milestone . He is the first driver in the history of F1 to have made the podium after starting 20th place or lower at least 3 times . He is the only driver in the history of the sport to have won at least one race in each season he has competed to date , with McLaren from 2007 until 2012 , and with Mercedes since 2013 . He has more race victories than any other British driver in the history of Formula One . His Grand Prix victories is the second highest of all-time having surpassed Alain Prost 's total of 51 at the 2016 Brazilian Grand Prix , behind only Michael Schumacher at 91 . Hamilton also holds the record for most wins in the season without winning the World Championship , after winning 10 times in the 2016 season where he finished runner-up to teammate Nico Rosberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "338f6f7f5560f637ade058a10e1fa622", "text": "2008 German Grand Prix The 2008 German Grand Prix ( formally the LXIX Großer Preis Santander von Deutschland ) was a Formula One motor race held on 20 July 2008 at the Hockenheimring , Hockenheim , Germany . It was the 10th race of the 2008 Formula One season and was contested over 67 laps . It was won by Lewis Hamilton for the McLaren team after starting from pole position . Nelson Piquet Jr. finished second for Renault , with Felipe Massa third for Ferrari . Hamilton maintained his startline advantage and led until he made his first pit stop on lap 18 . As other cars made their pit stops , Hamilton regained the lead on lap 22 . On lap 36 , Timo Glock crashed , and the race was neutralized by the deployment of the safety car . Hamilton , on a two-stop strategy , did not stop to get more fuel during this period , while all the cars around him did . Thus , when he did eventually stop on lap 50 , he rejoined the race in fifth position . In the closing stages of the race , Hamilton first overtook his teammate Heikki Kovalainen , then Massa , and finally Piquet , whilst also gaining a position due to Nick Heidfeld 's late pit stop . This allowed him to take the lead again on lap 60 , which he maintained to win the race . The victory was Hamilton 's second consecutive win , having won the preceding British Grand Prix at Silverstone . The win also put him ahead of his two main rivals in the Drivers ' Championship , Kimi Räikkönen ( who finished sixth ) and Massa , who were on equal points with him before the race . After the race he was four points ahead of Massa , and seven ahead of Räikkönen . In the Constructors ' Championship , McLaren drew closer to the two teams ahead of them , BMW Sauber and Ferrari . Ferrari still led by 15 points from McLaren , and 12 from BMW , whose drivers -- Nick Heidfeld and Robert Kubica -- finished fourth and seventh respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cb50cce83eaeb02e62c05944fd90aa5", "text": "Motor fuel A motor fuel is a fuel that is used to provide power to motor vehicles . Currently , the majority of motor vehicles worldwide are powered by gasoline or diesel . Other energy sources include ethanol , biodiesel , propane , compressed natural gas ( CNG ) , electric batteries charged from an external source , and hydrogen . The use of alternative fuels is increasing , especially in Europe . Before deciding on a particular fuel type , some factors should be considered : The profitability of a solution The workload in relation to one 's own driving performance - if someone drives short distances , he will have very little benefit for himself and the environment The refuelling / charging infrastructure should be sufficiently developed so that one can use its vehicle flexibly and does not have to worry about refuelling / charging", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d285cd4823b02f894aba46722065315", "text": "1998 Italian Grand Prix The 1998 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 13 September 1998 . The race was won by Michael Schumacher . This was also the last win for tyre manufacturer Goodyear in Formula One . It was a dramatic race , Häkkinen got a blinding start pushing his way past Jacques Villeneuve and Michael Schumacher on the front row , at same time it was a dreadful start for Schumacher who fell down to 5th , soon after he passed Villeneuve for 4th then Irvine for 3rd . Häkkinen was struggling with a developing brake issue soon after and he waved his team mate Coulthard through , but soon after Coulthard 's engine blew and seconds later Schumacher , who had caught Häkkinen , passed the Finn when Häkkinen had adjusted his brake bias forwards to cope with the brake problem and ran wide due to the smoke from Coulthard 's engine . Villeneuve running very low downforce soon spun out of the race , and Häkkinen started catching Schumacher again . Häkkinen was just three seconds behind with a handful of laps remaining , but then his rear brakes failed , sending him into a wild spin at the Roggia chicane . He was able to keep his engine running and kept going , but at the beginning of the next lap he went off again at the first Rettifilo chicane , and Irvine reeled him in and took 2nd off him . Soon after Ralf Schumacher caught and over took Häkkinen who was able to limp home in 4th . It was jubliant scenes for the Italian crowd as Michael Schumacher came home first and his Ferrari team mate Eddie Irvine took second with Ralf Schumacher 3rd , meaning the Jordan team had finished on all three podium places in two races . Michael Schumacher was now level on points with Mika Häkkinen going into the Nürburgring , the penultimate round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71c8361d99af7f99037dcfc4acacaea5", "text": "2004 Formula One season The 2004 Formula One season was the 58th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 2004 FIA Formula One World Championship , which was contested over an eighteen event series which ran from 7 March to 24 October 2004 . The championship was dominated by Michael Schumacher and Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro with the German driver winning the Drivers ' Championship for the fifth consecutive year since 2000 and the Italian constructor winning the Constructors ' Championship for the sixth straight season since 1999 . Also notable were the success of BAR and Renault , and the relatively poor performance of Williams and McLaren . Michael Schumacher won 12 of the first 13 races and eventually scored 13 race victories , breaking his own record of 11 race wins in a season , set in 2002 . He also won a record seventh Drivers ' Championship with his teammate Rubens Barrichello winning two of the last four races and finishing second in the title . Jenson Button , though failing to win a grand prix , secured ten podium finishes and one pole position to finish third in the Drivers ' Championship . Along with Japanese teammate Takuma Sato , Button delivered BAR an impressive second place in the Constructors ' Championship behind Ferrari . Four of the ten teams , Ferrari , Renault , Jaguar , and Toyota , were subsidiaries of major car companies and one , BAR , was a division of a tobacco company . Williams and McLaren , both privately owned teams , had engine supply agreements with major car companies , BMW and Mercedes-Benz respectively , and Honda produced engines for BAR . The other three teams , Jordan , Sauber and Minardi , were also privately owned but received little substantial sponsorship , and consequently tended to end up toward the back of the grid . Sauber received Ferrari engines badged under the Petronas name , and also received sponsorship from the Malaysian oil and gas company . This season saw the Minardi team score their first points since 2002 , with Zsolt Baumgartner finishing 8th at the 2004 United States Grand Prix . The 2004 Canadian Grand Prix was a very dramatic race . First , Timo Glock replaced Giorgio Pantano in this race , due to personal circumstances for Pantano . Then , Williams and Toyota were excluded from the race due to an irregularity in the brake ducts . That meant the Jordan team was the main beneficiary of the disqualifications , with Nick Heidfeld and Timo Glock both scoring points , Glock in his debut Formula One race . Immediately before the 2004 Chinese Grand Prix , Giorgio Pantano was dropped by the Jordan team and Timo Glock replaced him for the last 3 races . Ralf Schumacher had a difficult season . He suffered a massive accident during the 2004 United States Grand Prix and was out of action for 6 races . Marc Gené and Antônio Pizzonia replaced him during his absence . Jarno Trulli 's relationship with the Renault team deteriorated after his first victory at the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix . He left the team after the 2004 Italian Grand Prix , which was also Pantano 's last race for the Jordan team . Former world champion Jacques Villeneuve replaced Jarno Trulli at Renault for the final 3 races . Trulli missed the 2004 Chinese Grand Prix , but he returned in the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix and the 2004 Brazilian Grand Prix with the Toyota team . That meant the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix was Jarno Trulli 's first race with the new team . Cristiano da Matta 's string of disappointing results during the season led to his replacement by test driver Ricardo Zonta from Hungary onwards except the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix . Da Matta did not race for Toyota again and in 2005 he returned to Champ Car racing . This was Olivier Panis 's last season as he decided to retire from the race seat after 2004 Japanese Grand Prix . However he stayed with the Toyota team , as the test driver . 2004 was the final season for Jaguar Racing and engine manufacturer Ford , as they both withdrew from Formula One at the end of the year . This season saw all ten teams score at least one World Championship point . From the 2004 season onward , all teams which had not finished in the top four in the previous year 's Constructors ' Championship were allowed to run a third car in the Friday practice session before each grand prix , for testing purposes . Other teams were also permitted to have test drivers , although they were not allowed to compete in Friday practice . Sauber chose not to run its third driver in these sessions because of the added expense .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64a93993b0dbd77a4be5c44d20e2e6b", "text": "Lotus 87 The Lotus 87 was a Formula One racing car used by Team Lotus in the second part of the 1981 Formula One season and in the first race of the 1982 season . The car , driven by Italian Elio de Angelis and future world champion Nigel Mansell , was another step in Lotus ' development of ground effect cars . Its predecessor , the Lotus 81 had proven to suffer from a chassis that was not rigid enough , compared to the dominant Williams FW07 . Lotus therefore introduced a new chassis , built out of carbon fibre and reinforced by kevlar sheets , since the team felt carbon fibre alone would not be sufficient to provide the chassis with the stability needed . As the John Barnard-designed McLaren MP4/1 would prove , this was a miscalculation . The chassis was originally planned for the ambitious twin-chassis Lotus 88 , but after the car was outlawed , it was hastily rebuilt to become the more conservative 87 . The car was not competitive enough to fight for victories , even though the drivers did manage to get some points . When the new turbo charged engines of Renault and Ferrari became more reliable , the car proved to be yet still too heavy and was replaced by a lighter 87B specification for the opening round of 1982 . It was subsequently replaced altogether by the Lotus 91 , which proved more competitive , recording a podium in its first outing in Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640b4225d8d566608bdf3a560092c432", "text": "Dynamic frequency scaling Dynamic frequency scaling ( also known as CPU throttling ) is a technique in computer architecture whereby the frequency of a microprocessor can be automatically adjusted `` on the fly '' , either to conserve power or to reduce the amount of heat generated by the chip . Dynamic frequency scaling is commonly used in laptops and other mobile devices , where energy comes from a battery and thus is limited . It is also used in quiet computing settings to decrease energy and cooling costs for lightly loaded machines . Less heat output , in turn , allows the system cooling fans to be throttled down or turned off , reducing noise levels and further decreasing power consumption . It is also used for reducing heat in insufficiently cooled systems when the temperature reaches a certain threshold , such as in poorly cooled overclocked systems . The dynamic power ( switching power ) dissipated per unit of time by a chip is C · V2 · A · f , where C is the capacitance being switched per clock cycle , V is voltage , A is the Activity Factor indicating the average number of switching events undergone by the transistors in the chip ( as a unitless quantity ) and f is the switching frequency . The voltage required for stable operation is determined by the frequency at which the circuit is clocked , and can be reduced if the frequency is also reduced . Dynamic power does not account for the total power of the chip , however , as there is also static power , which is primarily because of various leakage currents . Due to static power consumption and asymptotic execution time it has been shown that the energy consumption of a piece of software shows convex energy behavior , i.e. , there exists an optimal CPU frequency at which energy consumption is minimal . Leakage current has become more and more important as transistor sizes have become smaller and threshold voltage levels lower . A decade ago , dynamic power accounted for approximately two-thirds of the total chip power . The power loss due to leakage currents in contemporary CPUs and SoCs tend to dominate the total power consumption . In the attempt to control the leakage power high-k metal-gates and power gating have been common methods . Dynamic voltage scaling is another power conservation technique that is often used in conjunction with frequency scaling , as the frequency that a chip may run at is related to the operating voltage . The efficiency of some electrical components , such as voltage regulators , decreases with increasing temperature , so the power usage may increase with temperature . Since increasing power use may increase the temperature , increases in voltage or frequency may increase system power demands even further than the CMOS formula indicates , and vice versa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c981df0c5f658e0374953f0cdcc17863", "text": "Solar car racing Solar car racing refers to competitive races of electric vehicles which are powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the surface of the car ( solar cars ) . The first solar car race was the Tour de Sol in 1985 which led to several similar races in Europe , US and Australia . Such challenges are often entered by universities to develop their students ' engineering and technological skills , but many business corporations have entered competitions in the past . A small number of high school teams participate in solar car races designed exclusively for high school students .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3394ad45d3473c64a6d0da14f2458e74", "text": "Formula One Championship Edition Formula One Championship Edition is a racing video game , developed by SCE Studio Liverpool and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 . The game follows the basic structure of Formula One 06 for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable . The main differences include the updated visuals for the PS3 including a lot more detail , Sixaxis compatibility , real time reflections , car reflections on wet circuits and new wet weather effects . It was announced early in development that the safety car would be included in the game for the first time in an F1 game since Formula One 99 for the PlayStation . However , it was removed before the final release along with the PSP wing mirror integration shown at E3 . The game also boasts dynamic weather , and improved AI . The AI system is called `` Live Action Racing '' where one can pressure the opposition , causing them to make little mistakes such as running wide on corners , causing them to crash into other cars or spin off the road of their own accord . The AI will then try to seek opportunities to pass the player in a realistic manner . The game is based on the early 2006 F1 season . Hence , Yuji Ide drives for Super Aguri when in reality he lost his super licence just 4 races into the '06 season , and Franck Montagny , then later Sakon Yamamoto took his seat . Other minor changes throughout the real 2006 season are also not represented . In the career mode , players begin by running tests for one of three teams ( Toro Rosso , Super Aguri or Midland F1 ) at either the Silverstone , Magny Cours or Catalunya circuits . The tests given vary between the teams . When the player successfully completes the tests , they are given the role of test driver or race driver , depending on how well the player performed in the test . After performing well as a test driver , the player will become the second driver of the team . From there the player can compete in race weekends through many different roles . As a test driver the player will try out different car settings in practice , and as a driver the player will have track position targets to meet to keep the seat . The player 's performances are subject to review at several points during the season . The initial release did not include force-feedback support , which is considered by many to be an important feature for simulation racing games used with driving wheel controllers . A subsequent update in early 2008 added force feedback . The game also lacks support for 1080i or 1080p output resolutions . Per the calendar , the Belgian Grand Prix is not included . The game 's cover in the North America version ( as seen on the right ) features Fernando Alonso ( the defending world champion at that time in 2006 ) who drove for the Renault team , Jenson Button who drove for the Honda team and David Coulthard who drove for the Red Bull Racing team . Like previous games , it featured in-game commentary from then ITV F1 commentators Martin Brundle and James Allen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8ac94962d3433244d591be54492283f", "text": "Fuel cell A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction of positively charged hydrogen ions with oxygen or another oxidizing agent . Fuel cells are different from batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen or air to sustain the chemical reaction , whereas in a battery the chemicals present in the battery react with each other to generate an electromotive force ( emf ) . Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as these inputs are supplied . The first fuel cells were invented in 1838 . The first commercial use of fuel cells came more than a century later in NASA space programs to generate power for satellites and space capsules . Since then , fuel cells have been used in many other applications . Fuel cells are used for primary and backup power for commercial , industrial and residential buildings and in remote or inaccessible areas . They are also used to power fuel cell vehicles , including forklifts , automobiles , buses , boats , motorcycles and submarines . There are many types of fuel cells , but they all consist of an anode , a cathode , and an electrolyte that allows positively charged hydrogen ions ( protons ) to move between the two sides of the fuel cell . The anode and cathode contain catalysts that cause the fuel to undergo oxidation reactions that generate positively charged hydrogen ions and electrons . The hydrogen ions are drawn through the electrolyte after the reaction . At the same time , electrons are drawn from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit , producing direct current electricity . At the cathode , hydrogen ions , electrons , and oxygen react to form water . As the main difference among fuel cell types is the electrolyte , fuel cells are classified by the type of electrolyte they use and by the difference in startup time ranging from 1 second for proton exchange membrane fuel cells ( PEM fuel cells , or PEMFC ) to 10 minutes for solid oxide fuel cells ( SOFC ) . Individual fuel cells produce relatively small electrical potentials , about 0.7 volts , so cells are `` stacked '' , or placed in series , to create sufficient voltage to meet an application 's requirements . In addition to electricity , fuel cells produce water , heat and , depending on the fuel source , very small amounts of nitrogen dioxide and other emissions . The energy efficiency of a fuel cell is generally between 40 -- 60 % , or up to 85 % efficient in cogeneration if waste heat is captured for use . The fuel cell market is growing , and in 2013 Pike Research estimated that the stationary fuel cell market will reach 50 GW by 2020 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
35babca2237fb199201f35a570763315	Jennifer Lawrence's films including The Hunger Games franchise have grossed over $5.5 billion worldwide.	[ { "docid": "d2a80ea08ee6120733a07b0008b2d18c", "text": "Jennifer Lawrence Jennifer Shrader Lawrence ( born August 15 , 1990 ) is an American actress . Since 2015 , Lawrence has been the highest-paid actress in the world , and her films have grossed over $ 5.5 billion worldwide . She appeared in Time 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and Forbes Celebrity 100 the following year and in 2016 . During her childhood , Lawrence performed in church plays and school musicals . When she was 14 , a talent scout spotted her in New York . She then moved to Los Angeles and began her acting career by playing guest roles in television shows . Her first major role came as a main cast member on the sitcom The Bill Engvall Show ( 2007 -- 2009 ) . Lawrence made her film debut with a supporting role in Garden Party ( 2008 ) , and had her breakthrough playing a poverty-stricken teenager in the independent drama Winter 's Bone ( 2010 ) . She achieved wider recognition for playing the mutant Mystique in X-Men : First Class ( 2011 ) , a role she reprised in later installments of the series . Lawrence 's fame continued to grow with her starring role as Katniss Everdeen in the Hunger Games film series ( 2012 -- 2015 ) , which established her as the highest-grossing action heroine of all time . She went on to earn various accolades from her collaborations with director David O. Russell . Her performance as a depressed widow in the romance film Silver Linings Playbook ( 2012 ) received an Academy Award for Best Actress , making her the second youngest Best Actress Oscar winner . Lawrence subsequently won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for playing a troubled wife in the black comedy American Hustle ( 2013 ) . She also received Golden Globe Awards for her roles in both of these films and for playing the eponymous inventor in the biopic Joy ( 2015 ) . Lawrence is known in the media for being a vocal advocate of feminism and gender equality , and is the founder of the Jennifer Lawrence Foundation through which she supports various charitable organizations .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a90aa1415307d4baa4a3f5a05cd5adf8", "text": "G-Force (film) G-Force is a 2009 American family comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films . Written by Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley and directed by Hoyt Yeatman , the film is the directorial debut of Hoyt Yeatman , whose earlier work includes contributions in the area of visual effects . It was released in the United States on July 24 , 2009 . G-Force is based on a story also by Hoyt Yeatman . The film was shown in competing 3-D technologies like Dolby 3D . This is also Jerry Bruckheimer 's first 3-D film . The movie stars Zach Galifianakis , Bill Nighy , and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell , Tracy Morgan , Penélope Cruz , Nicolas Cage , Steve Buscemi , and Jon Favreau . The film received generally negative reviews , with critics praising its action , but criticizing its plot and character development and it earned $ 292.8 million on a $ 150 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907c6b7233e1e24c83843a55d64e7cdf", "text": "Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs . Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1318f23e2e6fabf22ddbe228f6772d7", "text": "Fahrenheit (2005 video game) Fahrenheit ( known as Indigo Prophecy in North America ) is a cinematic interactive drama action-adventure video game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Atari , Inc. for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox . The director 's cut and uncut versions were later released for Microsoft Windows . Fahrenheit has sold over 700,000 units worldwide since it was released in September 2005 and has won several awards . On 4 December 2007 , Atari released the game for Xbox 360 through Xbox Originals . On 8 November 2011 , Quantic Dream released the game uncensored for PC through GOG.com . A remastered version of the game , entitled Fahrenheit : Indigo Prophecy Remastered , was developed and published by Aspyr in January 2015 for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux and iOS . A port for the PlayStation 4 , which was developed by International Software Development Group at Sony Interactive Entertainment , was released on 9 August 2016 via PlayStation Network . In this paranormal thriller , New York City experiences a series of mysterious murders that follow the same pattern ; ordinary people become possessed and kill strangers in public . The main characters of the story must uncover the supernatural forces behind these crimes . Publicity was generated from the developer 's rejection of conventional game genre labeling ; preferring to brand it as the first `` interactive film '' rather than an adventure or third-person action title . The game features motion captured animation as well as branching story lines , split screen cameras and an interface designed to be intuitive and realistic . Event triggers in the game are also mainly time-based , as opposed to the more common player-initiated progression found in most games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e69663488a59e4f0c0e3f146e1f5c4b", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lopez is an American singer , actress , dancer , fashion designer and producer . She began her career as an actress for a minor role in the film My Little Girl . Lopez gained her first regular high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color in 1991 , where she remained for two seasons and remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993 . She received her first leading role in the Selena biopic of the same name in 1997 which made $ 35.5 million at box office . She ventured into the music industry in 1999 , with her debut studio album , On the 6 , preceded by the number-one single `` If You Had My Love '' . In 2001 , she released her second studio album J.Lo which sold over 12 million copies worldwide . she has released eight studio albums overall , as of today . Lopez has sold over 80 million records worldwide . She has won 133 awards from 324 nominations including 3 American Music Awards , 1 BET Awards , 1 Billboard Music Award , 10 Billboard Latin Music Awards , and 2 World Music Awards . In 2014 , she received the prestigious Billboard Icon Award for her contribution in music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6", "text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "285dbf39dd5c4bd071268f6cc787089f", "text": "Lionsgate Home Entertainment Lionsgate Home Entertainment ( formerly Lions Gate Films Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Home Entertainment ) is the home video distribution arm of Lionsgate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3c673983155274d991e48586ab93d5", "text": "List of accolades received by Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher , and produced by Leslie Dixon , Bruna Papandrea , Arnon Milchan , Reese Witherspoon , Ceán Chaffin , and Joshua Donen . The screenplay was adapted by Gillian Flynn from her eponymous 2012 novel . Set in Missouri , United States , the film stars Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne , a writer who becomes the prime suspect in the mysterious disappearance of his wife Amy , played by Rosamund Pike . Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry feature in supporting roles . The score was composed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross . Gone Girl premiered at the New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before 20th Century Fox gave the film a wide release at over 3,000 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 3 . It grossed over $ 368 million on a production budget of $ 61 million . As of June 2016 , Gone Girl is Fincher 's highest-grossing film . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 295 reviews and judged 88 % to be positive . Gone Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , Pike 's lead acting performance , Flynn 's screenplay , and its score . At the 87th Academy Awards , Pike received a nomination for Best Actress . The film received four nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards : Best Director for Fincher , Best Actress in a Drama for Pike , Best Screenplay for Flynn , and Best Original Score . Pike won the Empire Award for Best Actress , and garnered nominations in the same category at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and 68th British Academy Film Awards ( BAFTAs ) . She also received the Breakthrough Performance Award from the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Flynn was nominated at the BAFTAs , as well as the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35885d23808908b2aec855f4172f2398", "text": "The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy . The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels . In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming . Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries . Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee02aaf7cf1eff088ea377a88da6786d", "text": "Romeo + Juliet William Shakespeare 's Romeo + Juliet ( shortened to Romeo + Juliet ) is a 1996 American romantic drama film directed , co-produced and co-written by Baz Luhrmann , co-produced by Gabriella Martinelli and co-written by Craig Pearce , being an adaption and modernization of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Romeo and Juliet . The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles of Romeo and Juliet , who instantly fall in love when Romeo crashes a party and meets her despite them being members of the Montague and Capulet family ; Brian Dennehy , John Leguizamo , Pete Postlethwaite , Paul Sorvino and Diane Venora star in supporting roles . While it retains the original Shakespearean dialogue , the Montagues and the Capulets are represented as warring mafia empires ( with legitimate business fronts ) and swords are replaced with guns ( with brand names such as `` Dagger '' and `` Sword '' ) . Some of the characters ' names are also changed . Lord and Lady Montague and Lord and Lady Capulet are given first names ( as opposed to the Shakespeare original where their first names are never mentioned ) , Friar Lawrence becomes Father Lawrence , and Prince Escalus is renamed Captain Prince . There is also no Friar John , who was in the original play . Also , some characters were switched from one family to the other -- in the original , Gregory and Sampson are Capulets , but in the film , they are Montagues . ( Abram , as Abra , and Petruchio , conversely , are shifted from the Montague to the Capulet family . ) In addition , a few plot details are shifted , most notably near the ending . The film was released on November 1 , 1996 by 20th Century Fox to commercial and generally critical success , grossing over $ 147.5 million over a $ 14.5 million budget and receiving generally positive reviews . At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997 , DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize . Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture . At the 69th Academy Awards , Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9101bde09b3b59e93eae8bf241f4b7b", "text": "Gamer (film) Gamer is a 2009 American science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor . The film stars Gerard Butler as a participant in an online game in which participants can control human beings as players , and Logan Lerman as the player who controls him . Alongside Butler and Lerman , it also stars Michael C. Hall , Ludacris , Amber Valletta , Terry Crews , Alison Lohman , John Leguizamo , and Zoe Bell . Gamer was released in North America on September 4 , 2009 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics , who found the plot , direction , and script disappointing , though its performances , effects , and action sequences were praised . It received a mixed reception from audiences , and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 42 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 50 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" } ]	fever
73f773a3fd71e4445fc992363500214c	Conor McGregor is signed to a company.	[ { "docid": "713d112dfd9f73d27a5491e0049eeb21", "text": "Ultimate Fighting Championship The Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) is an American mixed martial arts-focused company , based in Las Vegas , Nevada , owned and operated by parent company William Morris Endeavor . It is the largest MMA promotion in the world and features the top-ranked fighters of the sport . Based in the United States , the UFC produces events worldwide that showcase ten weight divisions and abide by the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts . As of 2017 , the UFC has held over 300 events . Dana White serves as the president of the UFC . He has held that position since 2001 ; under White 's leadership the UFC has grown into a globally popular multibillion-dollar enterprise . The first event was held on November 12 , 1993 at the McNichols Sports Arena in Denver , Colorado . The purpose of the early Ultimate Fighting Championship competitions was to identify the most effective martial art in a fight , with minimal rules , between competitors of different fighting disciplines , including boxing , Brazilian jiu-jitsu , Sambo , wrestling , Muay Thai , karate , judo , and other styles . In subsequent competitions , fighters began adopting effective techniques from more than one discipline , which indirectly helped create an entirely separate style of fighting known as present-day mixed martial arts . In 2016 , it was sold to William Morris Endeavor ( WME-IMG ) for $ 4 billion . With a TV deal and expansion in Europe , Australia , the Middle East , Asia , and new markets within the United States , the UFC has gained in popularity , along with greater mainstream media coverage . As of 2017 , viewers can access live UFC fights and fight replays on their subscription network UFC Fight Pass at a cost of $ 7.99 -- $ 9.99 USD per month via devices like Apple TV , iPhone , Android , Xbox , Roku , and Google Chromecast as well as on pay-per-view in the U.S. , Brazil , Australia , Canada , New Zealand , and Italy . On network TV , UFC content is available on Fox , Fox Sports 1 , and Fox Sports 2 in the U.S. , on ESPN in the Caribbean , on BT Sport in the United Kingdom and Ireland , as well as in 150 countries and 22 different languages worldwide . MMA journalists and fans have criticized the UFC for putting on too many shows and thus diluting the quality of their product .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d933bbc63f7d052173d6be10ab61234", "text": "Conor McGregor Conor Anthony McGregor ( Irish : Conchúr Antóin Mac Gréagóir ; born 14 July 1988 ) is an Irish professional mixed martial artist who is currently signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) . He is the reigning UFC Lightweight Champion , and former UFC Featherweight Champion . During his career , McGregor has competed as a featherweight , lightweight , and welterweight . In 2008 , McGregor started his mixed martial arts ( MMA ) career and , in 2012 , he won both the Cage Warriors Featherweight and Lightweight Championships , holding both titles concurrently before vacating them to sign with the UFC . In 2015 , at UFC 194 , McGregor defeated José Aldo for the UFC Featherweight Championship via knockout thirteen seconds into the first round . This was the fastest victory in UFC title fight history . Upon defeating Eddie Alvarez for the UFC Lightweight Championship at UFC 205 , McGregor became the first fighter in UFC history to hold titles in two weight divisions simultaneously . He is known for being the biggest pay-per-view draw in MMA history , as well as his extravagant lifestyle and trash talking .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e021673d2bdce72c2659615c041f94c3", "text": "Super Fight League Super Fight League Is a mixed martial arts promotion , based in India The organisation was formed in 2012 by actor Sanjay Dutt and British Indian businessman Raj Kundra . Super Fight League has produced close to 50 live televised events broadcast on Colors , Neo Prime , ESPN Star Sports and on YouTube live worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2abd414c8335a28772f7fd8366d8e426", "text": "Paul Fleming (boxer) Paul Fleming ( born 3 April 1988 ) is an Australian professional boxer from Tully , Queensland who fought at the 2008 Olympics at featherweight . He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder . The tattooed concreter won Bronze at the World Junior Championships in 2006 when he lost to Vyacheslav Shipunov . The 19-year-old Fleming had lost three times to long-time rival Luke Jackson but managed to defeat him and Taga Samueli Faialaga at the Oceanian Championships where he won his berth in the Olympic tournament . He later added the Chemistry Cup in Germany . At the 2008 Summer Olympics he was edged out 9:13 by Frenchman Khedafi Djelkhir . On 29 November 2008 , Paul made his professional debut against veteran Shane Green scoring a 3rd-round TKO victory in the 6 round bout at the Maroochydore Rugby League Club , Queensland . In 2010 , the young Australian relocated to Sydney , to train with one of the countries World Champion trainers Billy Hussein at Bodypunch Boxing Gym . Under the guidance of Hussein , Paul was successful in his 4th professional bout against 25-year-old Kane Buckley scoring a 4th-round KO . Paul has since compiled a professional record of 20 wins from 20 fights . He is promoted by Top Rank , the Las Vegas , USA-based promotion company owned by Bob Arum , and home to many boxing champions including Manny Pacquiao and Miguel Cotto . He is managed by the legendary Cameron Dunkin , and Mike Altamura . He is recognized in the Australian Olympic Committee list of Australian Indigenous Olympians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acb40aadbfa928f3d670da0ea9d2039d", "text": "Super Eight Boxing Tournament Super 8 is a boxing tournament that is held in New Zealand . Super 8 is owned by John McRae , who is the Managing director of VSLive . VS Live was formally known as Sky Arena . Sky ARENA previously owned by SKY Television New Zealand and VADR Media . In 2015 VADR Media acquired 100 % of SKY ARENA shares and relaunched as VS LIVE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1668b6e8b2edecef755604f771b1ba39", "text": "Tapout (clothing brand) Tapout is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures sports clothing , casual apparel , and accessories headquartered in Baltimore , Maryland . It is one of the largest sportswear manufacturers in the United States , and one of the biggest in the world . Tapout was registered in 1997 in San Bernardino County , California , by Charles Lewis , Jr. , Dan Caldwell and Tim Katz . The company was founded after the trio began selling mixed martial arts clothing from the back of their Ford Mustang . Selling the merchandise during a period where MMA solely reached a niche market , Lewis , Caldwell and Katz branded the company around the sport , distributing the merchandise in cities where the sport was prevalent . However , following the growing popularity of mixed martial arts in the United States , and its later nationwide mainstream acceptance , the company became the largest MMA-related merchandise company in the world , accruing revenues of over $ 22.5 million . In March 2015 , the company was relaunched following its joint-ventured acquisition by pro-wrestling company WWE , and development firm Authentic Brands Group . The venture saw the former MMA-related brand transformed into a more general `` lifestyle fitness '' one . The apparel , for men and women , is expected to be released in spring of 2016 . Throughout 2015 , WWE marketed the brand through various products , including beverages , supplements and gyms . WWE will hold a 50 % stake in the brand , and so will advertise it regularly across all its platforms , hoping to give it one billion impressions a month , and attempting to rival sports-clothing giant , Under Armour . All employees and students of the WWE Performance Center will also wear the clothing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cad6d2cee4420ae50056adf1a7cac007", "text": "All Star Wrestling All Star Wrestling is a British Professional wrestling promotion also known as All Star Promotions , Superslam Wrestling and Big Time Wrestling and originally known as Wrestling Enterprises ( of Birkenhead ) , run by Brian Dixon and based in Liverpool , England . Dixon 's promotion tours theatres , leisure centres , town halls and similar venues , many of them old venues for televised wrestling in the UK in the 1950-1980s , as well as holiday camps . It is the oldest active wrestling promotion in the UK , and furthermore the longest-running UK wrestling promotion ever - a record it has held since September 2013 , when it eclipsed the 42 years and 11 months lifespan of Joint Promotions/Ring Wrestling Stars ( March 1952 -- February 1995 ) . All Star contributed to the final two years of ITV 's regular televised wrestling programme in the UK in 1987-1988 and some of their matches were included on VHS and DVD compilations and repeated as part of the World of Sport programming on The Fight Network , formerly The Wrestling Channel , until it stopped transmission in 2008 . These matches are currently being repeated on the Men & Movies channel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef2c83f8d664fcd18d650fc81ec77cdf", "text": "Taka Michinoku ( born October 26 , 1973 ) , better known by his ring name Taka Michinoku ( with his first name usually stylized in all capital letters ) , is a Japanese professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist . Michinoku is known in North America for his work for the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) where he had the first ever WWF Light Heavyweight Championship reign recognized by the North-American promotion . Michinoku is the founder and promoter of Kaientai Dojo , where he also wrestles . He is also a regular for New Japan Pro Wrestling . Having held championship titles in Japan , North America , Mexico and Europe , Yoshida is known for his long title reigns . He held the FMW Independent World Junior Heavyweight Title for a combined duration of more than 15 months , the WWF Light Heavyweight Title for a then record-setting 10 months and the WEW Six-Man Tag Team Title for almost a year . Yoshida has held the World Junior Heavyweight Championship , Michinoku Pro Tohoku Junior Heavyweight Championship and Kaientai Dojo Strongest-K Championship simultaneously for almost 10 months . During his reign , he has defended his titles against both AJPW and independent circuit talent to increase his base of opponents , and thus has increased the reach of the World Junior Heavyweight Championship , which was closed off to outside competition in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daad570bb44299dbee7db5004966461a", "text": "My Combat Channel My Combat Channel is an English-language specialty channel devoted to airing programming related to combat sports including wrestling , boxing , mixed martial arts , and other combatant styles . Along with airing live fighting events My Combat Channel also airs combat related movies , documentaries , television series , news , and fitness related shows . My Combat Channel was founded in late 2011 by Fabiano Iha , a prize-winning Martial Arts champion . On August 22 , 2013 , My Combat Channel was purchased by Anthem Sports & Entertainment . From July 1 , 2011 My Combat Channel commenced broadcasting worldwide on FilmOn 's internet television service . In July , 2012 My Combat Channel announced it would commence broadcasting from September 1 , 2012 on KILM channel 64 in Barstow , California , an independent station programmed at the time by FilmOn ; this would be replaced on November 25 , 2013 with an all-infomercial format , after FilmOn 's contract with KILM was not renewed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed5d5f7382437bb5ff83792c427acd56", "text": "Art Davie Art Davie is a business executive and entrepreneur formerly active in Southern California advertising circles . In 1993 , he created and co-produced the tournament which became the televised Ultimate Fighting Championship . In 1998 , Davie , as vice-president of K-1 USA , brought the successful K-1 kickboxing franchise from Japan to Las Vegas and North American pay-per-view television . In 2003 , Davie was an executive producer with Mandalay Sports Entertainment . In 2006 , he became vice-president of television at Paradigm Entertainment Group . In 2014 , Ascend Books published Davie 's book , Is This Legal ? : The Inside Story of the First UFC from the Man Who Created It . Sean Wheelock assisted in the book 's research and writing . In November 2014 , Davie was inducted into the Legends of MMA Hall of Fame , alongside Big John McCarthy , Pat Miletich , Fedor Emelianenko , and Rickson Gracie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26f8938116e03afe7a06061ce7eb50ee", "text": "Milton McGregor Milton McGregor ( 1939 -- present ) founder of casino Victoryland in Shorter , Alabama . Pro-gambler , McGregor opened up `` The Oasis '' hotel for out of town travelers which also brought about more business . He is the president and CEO of the Jefferson County Racing Association and the Macon County Greyhound Park Victoryland in Shorter , Alabama . McGregor is part owner of nursing homes in Union Springs , Alabama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15cfdc058e59239f9fe83298f11b4d03", "text": "2005 in UFC The year 2005 is the 13th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2005 the UFC held 10 events beginning with , UFC 51 : Super Saturday . The reality TV series The Ultimate Fighter and the UFC Ultimate Fight Night both premiered on Spike TV . The Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale was the first ever live UFC broadcast on non-pay-per-view television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a555543bd4385eb8516cdf76fa407514", "text": "Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8012734b0e047c84bfbcae3026cd39f1", "text": "MuscleTech MuscleTech is a brand of sports nutrition supplements marketed by Iovate Health Sciences Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0839a6dd2217b110836504144a2fc2f", "text": "Joe Silva Joe Silva is a former UFC matchmaker and a 2017 inductee into the UFC Hall of Fame . Joe Silva began working for UFC in 1993 after answering an advertisement for fighters in Black Belt Magazine . During his role as matchmaker , he made each of the fights for the live events of UFC since prior to the purchase of the UFC by the Fertitta brothers in 2000 , under the ownership of SEG . His last official title was Vice-President of Talent Relations . As a part of his job , he both signed new and fired fighters from the UFC . Silva retired in September 2016 following the sale of UFC to WME-IMG , after selling his UFC shares to the new owner . His final event occurred on December 30 , 2016 . During his later career , the USA Today sports website MMA Junkie ran an article series `` Joe Silva 's Shoes '' that speculated on what fights Silva might make for upcoming UFC events . In 2017 , Silva was named an inductee into the UFC Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e4ca4ef80c2d71713352539b53de756", "text": "Anthony Morrison Anthony Morrison ( born March 29 , 1984 ) is an American professional mixed martial artist . Anthony Morrison formerly competed in the Featherweight division of Bellator MMA . A professional competitor since 2004 , Morrison has also formerly competed for the WEC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d0584436dff7367faa4fdb1b10c45bd", "text": "Gfinity Gfinity , founded in 2012 , is a UK based eSports company which operates globally . It is based in London at the UK 's only dedicated eSports Arena and is listed on the London Stock Exchange Alternative Investment Market trading under LON : GFIN . It hosts daily online tournaments from its online tournament platform as well as regular events at its arena that are broadcast online . It also has a free app for Xbox One ; Tournament Builder . In March 2017 the Gfinity Challenger Series launched , as part of the Elite Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a070da65efc6f467678563ca63774ddb", "text": "Team Hammer House Team Hammer House is a mixed martial arts team operating out of Columbus , Ohio , made up of mostly former NCAA wrestlers . While Hammer House focuses on amateur wrestling they do have cross training deals with notable fighters and camps such as Matt Serra , Pat Miletich and Xtreme Couture Mixed Martial Arts . Founded by former UFC champion Mark Coleman , Team Hammer House has attracted such mixed martial arts fighters as Kevin Randleman and Phil Baroni .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd0f24dfa245800eca932f03d62f0bb3", "text": "MP & Silva MP & Silva ( abbreviation for Media Partners & Silva Limited ) is an international sports agency that provides media rights distribution , digital and technology services , and sponsorship consultancy . The company 's portfolio includes international sports content of mainly football , tennis and motor sports TV rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d09f9d100ee95eaff2dd3cd48bb89594", "text": "World Fighting Alliance The World Fighting Alliance was a mixed martial arts organization based in the United States . Owned and organized by MMA legend and trainer John Lewis ( Promoter/Match Maker ) and nightclub operator and `` Club Rubber '' promoter John Huntington ( Producer ) along with Lawyer Louis Palazzo ( Investor ) , the WFA began promoting events after the Nevada State Athletic Commission began sanctioning mixed martial arts . The Las Vegas-based promotion , unlike its cross-town rival , the Ultimate Fighting Championship , featured a nightclub environment and a slogan of `` Where the fight club meets the Night Club '' . Sexy and flashy , its events featured several scantily-clad ring girls between rounds and go-go dancers between fights , and plenty of loud music , including guest performers like Ice-T . However , in an incident at Level 3 which seriously harmed the promotion 's reputation , credentialed photographers were ejected by venue security from their areas and were forced to move to where they could not take acceptable pictures . The inconvenience caused by the ejection was substantial , some writers at the event were forced to track down their photographers and leave their beat , while some offended editors decided to yank coverage of the event altogether . While the difficulties of the last event did not seem to deter the promotion and the promoters promised a Level 4 , Lewis and Huntington did not promote another WFA event since , and the promotion was assumed to be defunct . After a rise of interest in mixed martial arts in the United States in 2005 , the WFA reemerged with new ownership and began an aggressive program to establish itself as a new major mixed martial arts promotion . The owners , Ross Goodman and Louis Palazzo , both attorneys from Las Vegas , began by signing contracts with several of the biggest free agents on the market , including former UFC middleweight contender and Olympic silver medalist Matt Lindland , PRIDE middleweight contender Quinton Jackson , retired UFC and Pancrase champion Bas Rutten , former top-ranked Bantamweight fighter Urijah Faber , and former UFC Heavyweight Champion Ricco Rodriguez . In their recruitment efforts , they also came close to signing Tito Ortiz before he was enticed by an offer from the UFC . The fruits of their acquisitions culminated in WFA : King of the Streets on July 22 , 2006 , a pay-per-view broadcast event at the Forum in Inglewood , California . The card was headed by a main event of Quinton Jackson vs. Matt Lindland , Jackson 's first fight on American soil since becoming a headliner in PRIDE , and featured famed boxing broadcaster Barry Tompkins and wrestling star Bill Goldberg at the announce desk . Despite heavy expectations and an aggressive marketing campaign , including a pre-event special broadcast on Showtime , the event only attracted a crowd of over 5,000 , with only 2,300 tickets sold . Pay-per-view buys were also low , reportedly under 50,000 . Despite the disappointing numbers , and rumors of financial troubles , the WFA announced their next event , WFA : King of the Streets II at Aladdin Resort and Casino in Las Vegas , Nevada scheduled for December 9 , 2006 . However , the event was then postponed until early 2007 for undisclosed reasons . On November 15 , 2006 , the WFA 's CEO , Jeremy Lappen , sued the WFA and its owners for breach of contract , claiming he has not been paid since June 2006 , a few weeks before King of the Streets . Finally on December 11 , 2006 , Zuffa , the parent company of rival promotion UFC , announced it had acquired select assets of the WFA , including the contracts of WFA fighters . The WFA afterward ceased operations per the sale agreement . The WFA brand was revived in THQ 's video game UFC Undisputed 2010 , an update to their wildly popular multi-platform MMA video game UFC 2009 Undisputed . In the game 's career mode , which mimics that of an actual MMA fighter , players start off in the WFA and after a certain amount of success are invited to the UFC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd4a393e78f83187e757288d0deeabc6", "text": "Mayweather Promotions Mayweather Promotions , LLC is a boxing promotional firm founded by five-division world and eleven-time world champion Floyd Mayweather , Jr. in 2007 after a fallout with Bob Arum and Top Rank . Mayweather Promotions also promotes all forms of live entertainment including sporting events , live musical and theatrical events as well as film and television productions . Mayweather Promotions mainly co-promotes with rival firm Golden Boy Promotions . Leonard Ellerbe is the CEO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6afd1aefa405d04d085c5b4a70699836", "text": "Slammiversary Slammiversary is the name given to professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) events produced by the Impact Wrestling promotion in the month of June . It is considered one of Impact 's flagship PPV events along with Lockdown and Bound for Glory ( the biggest show of the year ) . The name of the show is a reference to the anniversary of the first Impact Wrestling ( then TNA ) event , held June 19 , 2002 . The Slammiversary name was first used in June 2005 . Slammiversary was the longtime host of the King of the Mountain match .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e7cc6bbd31eb6a08790b20bf63b288ea	Divergent is on discs.	[ { "docid": "06dc4b5064d9b2a0cc8ffb650e3ec357", "text": "Blu-ray Blu-ray or Blu-ray Disc ( BD ) is a digital optical disc data storage format . It was designed to supersede the DVD format , in that it is capable of storing high-definition ( 720p and 1080p ) and ultra high-definition video resolution ( 2160p ) . The plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick , the same size as DVDs and CDs . Conventional ( pre-BD-XL ) Blu-ray Disc discs contain 25 GB per layer , with dual layer discs ( 50 GB ) being the industry standard for feature-length video discs . Triple-layer discs ( 100 GB ) and quadruple layers ( 128 GB ) are available for BD-XL re-writer drives . The name `` Blu-ray '' refers to the blue laser ( specifically , a violet laser ) used to read the disc , which allows information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs . The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for video material such as feature films and physical distribution of video games for the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , and Xbox One . Besides the hardware specifications , Blu-ray is associated with a set of multimedia formats . High-definition video may be stored on Blu-ray discs with up to 2160p resolution ( 3840 × 2160 pixels ) , at up to 60 frames per second . DVD discs had been limited to a maximum resolution of 480p ( NTSC , 720 × 480 pixels ) or 576p ( PAL , 720 × 576 pixels ) . The BD format was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association , a group representing makers of consumer electronics , computer hardware , and motion pictures . Sony unveiled the first Blu-ray disc prototypes in October 2000 , and the first prototype player was released in April 2003 in Japan . Afterwards , it continued to be developed until its official release in June 2006 . During the high definition optical disc format war , Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVD format . Toshiba , the main company that supported HD DVD , conceded in February 2008 , releasing its own Blu-ray Disc player in late 2009 . According to Media Research , high-definition software sales in the US were slower in the first two years than DVD software sales . Blu-ray faces competition from video on demand and the continued sale of DVDs . As of January 2016 , 44 % of U.S. broadband households had a Blu-ray player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "525c3ce1b03b90ec02b40e2e30e61ef8", "text": "DVD DVD ( an abbreviation of `` digital versatile disc '' or `` digital video disc '' ) is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Panasonic , Philips , Sony and Toshiba in 1995 . The medium can store any kind of digital data and is widely used for software and other computer files as well as video programs watched using DVD players . DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions . Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD . Such discs are a form of DVD-ROM because data can only be read and not written or erased . Blank recordable DVD discs ( DVD-R and DVD+R ) can be recorded once using a DVD recorder and then function as a DVD-ROM . Rewritable DVDs ( DVD-RW , DVD+RW , and DVD-RAM ) can be recorded and erased many times . DVDs are used in DVD-Video consumer digital video format and in DVD-Audio consumer digital audio format as well as for authoring DVD discs written in a special AVCHD format to hold high definition material ( often in conjunction with AVCHD format camcorders ) . DVDs containing other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9d92ed5004545e97e46b343ca198b9b", "text": "Divergent (film) Divergent is a 2014 American science fiction action film directed by Neil Burger , based on the novel of the same name by Veronica Roth . The film is the first installment in The Divergent Series and was produced by Lucy Fisher , Pouya Shabazian , and Douglas Wick , with a screenplay by Evan Daugherty and Vanessa Taylor . It stars Shailene Woodley , Theo James , Ashley Judd , Jai Courtney , Ray Stevenson , Zoë Kravitz , Miles Teller , Tony Goldwyn , Ansel Elgort , Maggie Q and Kate Winslet . The story takes place in a dystopian and post-apocalyptic Chicago where people are divided into distinct factions based on human virtues . Beatrice Prior is warned that she is Divergent and thus will never fit into any one of the factions . She soon learns that a sinister plot is brewing in the seemingly perfect society . Development of Divergent began in March 2011 when Summit Entertainment picked up the film rights to the novel with Douglas Wick and Lucy Fisher 's production company Red Wagon Entertainment . Principal photography began April 16 , 2013 , and concluded on July 16 , 2013 , with reshoots taking place from January 24 -- 26 , 2014 . Production mostly took place in Chicago . Divergent was released on March 21 , 2014 , in the United States . The film received mixed reviews from critics , with praise going towards its concepts and action , and criticism focused on its execution . Reviewers found the film to be generic and unoriginal , comparing it unfavorably to other young adult fiction adaptations . Despite this , the film was a financial success as it reached the # 1 spot at the box office during its opening weekend . After its release , the film earned over US$ 288 million worldwide against its budget of US$ 85 million . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 5 , 2014 . A sequel , Insurgent , was released on March 20 , 2015 in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "32104ab37b447c25fdf335e9eed5c69c", "text": "VinylDisc The VinylDisc is a combination of a digital layer , either in CD or DVD format , and an analog layer , which is a vinyl record , developed by the German company Optimal Media Production . It consists of a silver layer containing CD or DVD and a black polyvinyl chloride layer ( able to hold 3.5 minutes of audio on 33 1/3 rpm ) which can be played on a regular phonograph . Examples of singles already released in the hybrid format are Paramore 's `` Misery Business '' , The Mars Volta 's cover of `` Candy and a Currant Bun '' by Pink Floyd , and Fightstar 's `` Deathcar '' which reportedly had a limited run of 3000 copies . A sample VinylDisc to promote this new format was given to visitors of the 2007 Popkomm , containing music by Jazzanova , where it was presented in September 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6de8d97ad53c7a8c14851505ebceb60", "text": "Burst cutting area In computing , the burst cutting area ( BCA ) or narrow burst cutting area ( NBCA ) refers to the circular area near the center of a DVD , HD DVD or Blu-ray Disc , where a barcode can be written for additional information such as ID codes , manufacturing information , and serial numbers . The BCA can be written during mastering and will be common for all discs from that master or , more usually , will be written using a YAG laser to `` cut '' the barcode into the aluminum reflective layer of the finished disc , potentially adding a unique barcode to each manufactured disc . If a BCA mark is present , it is visible to the naked eye between a radius 22.3 ± 0.4 mm and 23.5 ± 0.5 mm . It should not be confused with the IFPI barcode that is present on all pre-recorded discs . The data stored in the BCA can be from 12 bytes to 188 bytes in steps of 16 bytes . The BCA can be read using the same laser for reading regular data , but requires special circuitry to be decoded . It is not mandatory for DVD players to support reading the BCA , but DVD-ROM drives should , according to the Mt. Fuji specification ( an industry-standard optical drive command set ) . The Burst Cutting Area can not be written without using special equipment , therefore it can be used as a tamper-proof means of identifying individual discs . The DIVX format used BCA to uniquely identify every disc . Information for CPRM is stored in the BCA of a DVD-RAM or DVD-R/RW disc . Nintendo optical discs use a BCA mark to prevent the use of copied discs and homebrew games . On Blu-ray discs a Pre-recorded Media Serial Number ( PMSN ) can be stored in the BCA . CD-RW drive makers did find a way to add them to burned disks making it no longer useful for DRM .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4548dc46eedd7fb3d9bec078005e07da", "text": "List of compact disc player manufacturers This is a list of compact disc player manufacturers . A CD player is an electronic device that plays audio compact discs . CD players are often a part of home stereo systems , car audio systems , and personal computers . They are also manufactured as portable devices . Modern units can play other formats in addition to PCM audio coding used in CDs , such as MP3 , AAC and WMA . DJs often use players with an adjustable playback speed to alter the pitch and tempo of the music . CD playback functionality is also available on CD-ROM/DVD-ROM drive equipped computers as well as on DVD players and CD-ROM/DVD-ROM based game consoles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87a8156b2f99c9cb0d8dc684ba062df0", "text": "Disk algebra In functional and complex analysis , the disk algebra A ( D ) ( also spelled disc algebra ) is the set of holomorphic functions f : D → C , where D is the open unit disk in the complex plane C , f extends to a continuous function on the closure of D . That is , where denotes the Banach space of bounded analytic functions on the unit disc D ( i.e. a Hardy space ) . When endowed with the pointwise addition , ( f + g ) ( z ) = f ( z ) + g ( z ) , and pointwise multiplication , ( fg ) ( z ) = f ( z ) g ( z ) , this set becomes an algebra over C , since if ƒ and g belong to the disk algebra then so do ƒ + g and ƒg . Given the uniform norm , by construction it becomes a uniform algebra and a commutative Banach algebra . By construction the disc algebra is a closed subalgebra of the Hardy space H ∞ . In contrast to the stronger requirement that a continuous extension to the circle exists , it is a lemma of Fatou that a general element of H ∞ can be radially extended to the circle almost everywhere . Category : Functional analysis Category : Complex analysis Category : Banach algebras", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0c62171a750df5a1671750c1ebd33ff", "text": "Divergence theorem In vector calculus , the divergence theorem , also known as Gauss 's theorem or Ostrogradsky 's theorem , is a result that relates the flow ( that is , flux ) of a vector field through a surface to the behavior of the vector field inside the surface . More precisely , the divergence theorem states that the outward flux of a vector field through a closed surface is equal to the volume integral of the divergence over the region inside the surface . Intuitively , it states that the sum of all sources ( with sinks regarded as negative sources ) gives the net flux out of a region . The divergence theorem is an important result for the mathematics of physics and engineering , in particular in electrostatics and fluid dynamics . In physics and engineering , the divergence theorem is usually applied in three dimensions . However , it generalizes to any number of dimensions . In one dimension , it is equivalent to the fundamental theorem of calculus . In two dimensions , it is equivalent to Green 's theorem . The theorem is a special case of the more general Stokes ' theorem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a240fb551eae70cf9ce1bbe882c8480b", "text": "Comparison of high definition optical disc formats This article compares the technical specifications of multiple high definition formats , including HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc ; two mutually incompatible , high definition optical disc formats that , beginning in 2006 , attempted to improve upon and eventually replace the DVD standard . The two formats remained in a format war until February 19 , 2008 when Toshiba , HD DVD 's creator , announced plans to cease development , manufacturing and marketing of HD DVD players and recorders . Other high-definition optical disc formats were attempted , including the multi-layered red-laser Versatile Multilayer Disc and a Chinese made format called EVD . Both appear to have been abandoned by their respective developers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9d5883b8fec15a3a6a804a8354b4f83", "text": "Definity (film recorder) Definity is a digital film recorder for motion picture applications , produced by CCG Digital Image Technology , the successor of Agfa-Gevaert 's film recorder division . Launched at NAB in Las Vegas in 2004 , Definity marked a departure from previous , more analogue technologies of recording digital sequences onto motion picture film as it utilizes a monochrome high-resolution LCD panel . Before Definity 's launch , LCD technology was commonly regarded as unsuitable for film recording purposes , despite its great potential : Main problems were limitations in bit depth , temporary image retention ( TIR ) and insufficiently saturated colors . Definity 's imaging unit exploits the sub-pixel structure of the LCD in order to record anamorphic `` CinemaScope '' material without loss of horizontal image information : When instead of the standard square pixels the device utilizes its native anamorphic pixels ( with an aspect of 3:1 ) , flat widescreen material with a typical aspect ratio of 2.36:1 is horizontal compressed on the LCD , thus arriving at a squeezed , 1.18:1 image required on-film without having to jettison vital image information . Since 2010 CCG launched a new full LED backlight system to increase the contrast and Density range by using 4320 separate RGB LEDs , increasing speed and Contrast ratio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6b4dd648be9167f083d0f60ceb1e523", "text": "Gapless playback Gapless playback is the uninterrupted playback of consecutive audio tracks , such that relative time distances in the original audio source are preserved over track boundaries on playback . For this to be useful , other artifacts ( than timing-related ones ) at track boundaries should not be severed either . Gapless playback is common with compact discs , gramophone records , or tapes , but is not always available with other formats that employ compressed digital audio . The absence of gapless playback is a source of annoyance to listeners of music where tracks are meant to segue into each other , such as some classical music ( opera in particular ) , progressive rock , concept albums , electronic music , and live recordings with audience noise between tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8541388752059e6798a02aaef1fad2c0", "text": "List of Criterion Collection UK releases This is a list of Criterion Collection Blu-ray titles released in U.K. , distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment . The Criterion Collection is a video distribution company which specializes in licensing and selling `` important classic and contemporary films '' in `` editions that offer the highest technical quality and award-winning , original supplements . '' Janus Films and the Voyager Company established The Criterion Collection in 1984 as a privately held company concentrating upon the North American home video market . In March 2016 , Criterion announced that due to a distribution partnership with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment select Criterion Collection titles would be launching in U.K. as Blu-ray editions , starting on April 18 , 2016 . So far all the released titles have been films that have already been released in US by Criterion Collection , or that have received simultaneous releases in the US and U.K. . So far all the released titles have been identical to their US counterparts apart from region coding ( A in the US and B in U.K. ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d06b4a293242f788866eb1d86e6f5b1", "text": "Jagged Live Jagged Live is a live album by English musician Gary Numan . The album was released in 2007 by Mortal Records and is a recording of Numan 's concert of 18 March 2006 at the London Forum . The show was the official launch of the new studio album , Jagged '' , which was released a few days before . The CD is an exclusive fan club release via Townsend Records . A DVD of the concert was also released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53eeb030e466e7982dfb9529c98d3410", "text": "ARccOS protection ARccOS ( Advanced Regional Copy Control Operating Solution ) is a copy-protection system made by Sony that is used on some DVDs . Designed as an additional layer to be used in conjunction with Content Scramble System ( CSS ) , the system deliberately creates corrupted sectors on the DVD , which cause copying software to produce errors ( see bad sector ) . The corrupted sectors are in areas of the disk that most DVD players do not access , but most copying software does . Despite being promoted as `` fully compatible with available DVD players and drives , '' some DVDs with ARccOS can not be played on some DVD players : Sony DVPCX995 , Toshiba SD4700 , Harman Kardon DVD101 , Microsoft Xbox and others . Sony has announced a future firmware update for their players to fix this incompatibility issue . One revision of the ARccOS scheme used by Sony was incompatible with a higher number of players than average . Sony has offered to replace those discs for owners having problems ; the replacement discs will have a newer version of ARccOS coding on them , which Sony claims is more compatible . Some DVD rental companies have warned users that the Sony DVDs in question may not play on their machines . Many DVD rippers have been designed to overcome ARccOS protection ; it is also naturally overcome by using ddrescue , a Linux utility designed to copy images with errors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf49a69fb34b3cc0c27640a3fdaab4c0", "text": "Hybrid DVD Hybrid DVD was the name for discs such as HD DVD and Blu-ray before they were released . This was started when the CEO of Sony called for a `` Hybrid DVD that all DVD players can use and extend to all the beauty and surreal images of a High Definition display . '' Category : DVD", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37e5a4ba32e4b1f051a086060a66f6a5", "text": "Divergence (linguistics) Divergence in linguistics refers to one of the five principles by which you can detect grammaticalisation while it is taking place . The other four are : layering , specialisation , persistence , and de-categorialisation . Divergence names a state of affairs subsequent to some change , namely the result of the process called `` split '' by Heine and Reh . `` When a lexical form undergoes grammaticalization to a clitic or affix , the original form may remain as an autonomous lexical element and undergo the same changes as ordinary lexical items . '' ( Hopper 1991 : 22 ) A possible formal distinction between divergence and split would be that the latter seems to be confined to cases where one and the same source has several targets , whereas the former merely refers to the drifting apart of previously more similar items . The form of a lexical item may undergo different changes from its grammaticalised counterpart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "159f83271547dc3153df07ffc7cc64ed", "text": "MD Data MD Data stands for MiniDisc Data , and is a magneto-optical medium for storing computer data . Sony wanted MD Data to replace floppy disks , but the Zip drive from Iomega ended up filling that market need and , later on , the advent of affordable CD writers and very cheap blank CD media , coupled with the availability of memory sticks and cards proved the final straw for MD Data . The technology provided 140 MB of data storage , but it was slow and expensive . Also , data drives can only read or write audio MDs when set in `` play '' mode , which , however , does not provide computer access to the data . MD Data appeared in products such as an MD still camera and an MD document scanner . MD Data was also used in the late 1990s in 4 - and 8-track multitrack recording decks . Meant as a step up from the popular 4-track cassette-based studios , these recorders enjoyed a brief prominence before they were replaced by relatively affordable -- and far more flexible -- direct-to-hard drive recording on Windows and Macintosh based computers . The format has always been hampered by the lack of an affordable MD Data drive with which to manipulate and back up data using a PC . In 1997 , Sony introduced the MD Data2 format , which could hold 650 MB of data ( as opposed to MD Data 's 140 MB ) . However this format was only used by Sony 's DCM-M1 camcorder ( capable of still images and MPEG-2 video ) , and a few multitrack `` portastudio '' - style audio recorders such as Sony 's MDM-X4 and Tascam 's 564 , among others . The introduction of Hi-MD in 2004 allowed any type of data ( files , music , etc. ) to be stored on a Hi-MD formatted MiniDisc . This allows for storage capacity of around 340MB on a standard MiniDisc and approx . 1GB on a new , higher-density Hi-MD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e2c503f901364f706a5c5a81eb236a", "text": "Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) . Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1683b4dc68f127bed50d7c6bb3fc5577", "text": "Disc (band) Disc is an experimental group formed by Miguel Depedro ( Kid606 ) , Jason Doerck ( J Lesser ) , M. C. Schmidt and Drew Daniel ( Matmos ) . The group was most active between 1997 and 1999 . To produce their sound , digital media ( DATs , CDs ) were etched and painted , or used in broken players to produce new sounds . In Gaijincd4 , a `` bonus '' nonfunctional CD was included to suggest a multimedia disc . The double LP Transfer consisted entirely of locked grooves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c941b3cad485b58a41983cbe6397ab7b", "text": "Golden Discs Golden Discs is an Irish music and entertainment retailer that was founded in July 1962 . They have 12 outlets nationwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "411721dfb761f3e59603f3e890d4057e", "text": "VideoNow The VideoNow is a portable video player produced by Hasbro and released by their subsidiary Tiger Electronics in 2003 . The systems use discs called PVDs ( which stands for Personal Video Disc ) , which can store about 30 minutes ( half an hour ) of video , the length of an average TV show with commercials ( a typical TV episode is about 20 -- 23 minutes without them ) , so each PVD contains only one episode , with trailers at the end to use the leftover time on most PVDs , including Nickelodeon PVDs . Video data is stored on the left audio channel with audio on the right channel , thus making it impossible to achieve stereo sound on the system , which only plays mono . The video plays at about 15 frames per second . Most of the shows were from Nickelodeon , such as SpongeBob SquarePants and The Fairly OddParents . A small handful of movies were also released on the system , but they had to be split into three PVDs , due to the limited space on each PVD . Hasbro also produced editing software for creating custom VideoNow Color PVDs called the VideoNow Media Wizard in 2005 , which came with blank PVD media . A number of unofficial solutions are available for creating the oddly-formatted VideoNow files , including a plug-in for the popular video processing program Virtual Dub . The files can then be burned to a CD-R using standard CD burning software , and the disc cut down to the required size . As the VideoNow Color does not accept standard 8 cm mini-CDs , some creative users have resorted to cutting down standard 12 cm CD-R discs , though not without problems . Hasbro made recordable PVDs available without the Media Wizard from their online store . However , at least one video has been posted on YouTube showing how VideoNow Color players can be easily modified to accept standard-sized CDs with a bit of cutting and gluing . Full-sized CDs can hold roughly 42 minutes of total video , and play with no difference in the modified player . It should also be noted that as VideoNow uses video discs , and that it has very little skip protection , it is more prone to skipping if the PVD is touched .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "111e9b33fcbc91f97a48898c2b3142be", "text": "BFI Flipside BFI Flipside is a series of Dual Format Editions ( DVD and Blu-ray released together ) which was launched in May 2009 and is published by the British Film Institute 's Video label . The series so far features a total of 65 feature and short films , as well as 10 archive interviews with the likes of Spike Milligan , Peter Cook and Richard Lester . The BFI Flipside charts `` the untold history of British film '' , and includes performances by such celebrated actors as John Hurt , Jane Asher , Ian McNeice , Richard O'Brien , Tom Bell , Peter Cook , Barry Evans , Denholm Elliott and Judy Geeson in films directed by the likes of Clive Donner , Richard Lester , Barney Platts-Mills , John Irvin , Stuart Cooper , Guy Hamilton , Peter Watkins and James Hill . Each BFI Flipside edition includes a feature film presentation that is complemented by additional film content ( sometimes a second feature film by the same director , or a selection of short films which are related to the main feature by subject , era , actor or director ) . Each release is packaged in distinctive artwork which carries the volume number on the spine , and with a comprehensive booklet containing informative essays , full cast and credit information , original film reviews and reproductions of original promotional material . The Flipside is dedicated to releasing British film titles which have never been available on any home video format before ( though some exceptions have been noted by the label 's founder and programmer ) , and all films are newly mastered to High Definition from the best available film materials from the BFI National Archive or from the collections of filmmakers . Each title was originally released on both DVD and Blu-ray , but since The Pleasure Girls in a dual format release .", "title": "" } ]	fever
36d6935504f958ec40a149d1c8326b2e	In 1993, Michael Jackson faced an accusation of sexually abusing a child.	[ { "docid": "5e0cb67809f0d6922b858d0287bc43b0", "text": "Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson ( August 29 , 1958 -- June 25 , 2009 ) was an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer , actor , and philanthropist . Called the `` King of Pop '' , his contributions to music , dance , and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades . The eighth child of the Jackson family , Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 . He began his solo career in 1971 . In the early 1980s , Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music . His music videos , including those of `` Beat It '' , `` Billie Jean '' , and `` Thriller '' from his 1982 album Thriller , are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool . The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame . Jackson 's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` I Just Ca n't Stop Loving You '' , `` Bad '' , `` The Way You Make Me Feel '' , `` Man in the Mirror '' , and `` Dirty Diana '' , becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He continued to innovate with videos such as `` Black or White '' and `` Scream '' throughout the 1990s , and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist . Through stage and video performances , Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques , such as the robot and the moonwalk , to which he gave the name . His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres . Thriller is the best-selling album of all time , with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide . Jackson 's other albums , including Off the Wall ( 1979 ) , Bad ( 1987 ) , Dangerous ( 1991 ) , and HIStory ( 1995 ) , also rank among the world 's best-selling albums . He is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records . Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , and was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the only dancer from pop and rock music . His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records , 13 Grammy Awards , the Grammy Legend Award , the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award , 26 American Music Awards -- more than any other artist -- including the `` Artist of the Century '' and `` Artist of the 1980s '' , 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career -- more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era -- and estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide . Jackson won hundreds of awards , making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music . He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when `` Love Never Felt So Good '' reached number nine on May 21 , 2014 . Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism , and , in 2000 , the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities , more than any other entertainer . Aspects of Jackson 's personal life , including his changing appearance , personal relationships , and behavior , generated controversy . In 1993 , he was accused of child sexual abuse , but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought . In 2005 , he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts . While preparing for his comeback concert series , This Is It , Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25 , 2009 , after suffering from cardiac arrest . The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide , and his personal physician , Conrad Murray , was convicted of involuntary manslaughter . Jackson 's death triggered a global outpouring of grief , and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world . Forbes ranks Jackson the top-earning dead celebrity , with earnings of $ 825 million in 2016 , the highest yearly amount ever recorded by the publication .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2c8dcb5c884e5ac088e517f26a0d4987", "text": "Michael Jackson (linebacker) Michael Jackson ( born July 15 , 1957 ) is a former professional American football player who played linebacker in eight NFL seasons for the Seattle Seahawks . Jackson was born in Pasco , Washington . A 1975 graduate of Pasco High School , he has enjoyed greater success and accumulated more career achievements than any other Bulldog . A three-year/three-sport letterman , he was the team captain in both football and baseball while garnering All-State honors and receiving the Denning Award for Outstanding Athlete by the Pasco Jaycees as a senior . At the University of Washington , Jackson earned four varsity letters and was named to their All-Centennial Football Team . He was also selected as the Inland Empire Amateur Athlete of the Year in 1977 , a season in which he helped lead the Huskies to the Rose Bowl . The eyes of the nation were on him during that game as he made a vital end zone interception that helped seal Washington 's victory over the University of Michigan . Jackson holds several defensive school records for the Huskies , including single season ( 210 ) and career ( 569 ) tackles . Among the several honors he received for the U of W include Sports Illustrated Player of the Week ( 11-12-77 ) , Husky Team Captain ( 1978 ) , All Pac-8 & Pac-10 Linebacker ( 1977 -- 78 ) and several All-American selections . In 1979 , he was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the third round of the NFL Draft , where he began an eight-year career as a starting linebacker . One of the team 's all-time defensive greats , he led the Seahawks in tackles for a number of seasons and is among the career leaders in that category . He also earned 21 game balls for his outstanding play and has received numerous other awards including team MVP , Most Improved Player and the Seattle P.I. 's Sports Star of the Year . Jackson is active off the field with charities including the March of Dimes , Special Olympics , and the United Way . He has had 14 movie and television roles and was voted into the Pasco High School Hall of Fame in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a988cb666c7083bb5d169eef1e2558a5", "text": "Free the World `` Free the World '' is a single by American singer La Toya Jackson . Jackson spent six years in seclusion after divorcing her abusive late ex-husband and manager , Jack Gordon , in 1997 . After her years in exile , the September 11th attacks inspired Jackson to write `` Free the World '' . She recorded and performed it for friends , who immediately fell in love with it . This led to the revival of Jackson 's 25-year-old music career . This song led Jackson to begin work on her Startin ' Over album , which included the 2004 Billboard chart hit `` Just Wan na Dance '' as the lead single . `` Free the World '' was released as a follow-up and charted in March 2005 . The single peaked at # 24 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play charts . The song is an appeal to free the world from segregation , discrimination and years of war . VH1 described the ballad as the `` most appropriate song for the world . '' About.com dubbed Jason Randolph 's remix a `` trippily hypnotic treat '' with a `` churning rhythm track and mesmerizing synth . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "defa61efb12976861a4074d827895caa", "text": "Turbulent Indigo Turbulent Indigo is the fifteenth album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell . Released in 1994 , it won a Grammy Award for Pop Album of the Year . John Milward , writing for Rolling Stone , wrote that it was Mitchell 's `` best album since the mid - '70s '' . The album marked her return to Warner Music ( formerly WEA ) distribution after her previous album , Night Ride Home , was distributed by MCA for its then-newly purchased subsidiary Geffen Records ( which , prior to the sale to MCA , had distributed through WEA ) . The album takes inspiration from the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh for Mitchell 's self-portrait on the cover . The song `` Turbulent Indigo '' references Van Gogh , while the song `` Magdalene Laundries '' recounts the sufferings of Irish women once consigned to Magdalen Asylums run by the Roman Catholic Church and made to work in the asylum 's laundries . The song `` Not to Blame '' was rumored to be about Mitchell 's singer-songwriting colleague Jackson Browne who was alleged to have beaten his girlfriend , actress Daryl Hannah ; Mitchell denies this . . The song `` Sex Kills '' referenced a number of late 20th century topical issues , including violence , AIDS , global warming and consumerism . , the album has sold 311,000 copies in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ab41b5b8e9c59807d126f798c9fbccc", "text": "Betty Jefferson Barbara `` Betty '' Jefferson Jackson ( born 1938 ) is the elected assessor of New Orleans ' Fourth Municipal District ; she was first elected on 1998 February 7 and was reelected in 2002 and 2006 . Before her political career in New Orleans she lived for a number of years in Chicago . She is an older sister of convicted felon former U.S. Representative William J. Jefferson . In 2009 Betty Jefferson was a defendant in racketeering charges also involving her brother Mose Jefferson , her daughter Angela Coleman , and Renée Gill Pratt . On 2009 June 5 all the defendants pleaded not guilty . At a hearing before U. S. District Judge Ivan L. R. Lemelle on 2009 June 17 , lawyers for Betty Jefferson and Angela Coleman requested a delay from the 2009 August 3 start date for the racketeering trial ; at the same hearing , however , lawyers for Gill Pratt and Mose Jefferson requested that the racketeering trial begin as scheduled on August 3 . On 2009 July 28 , Lemelle delayed the start of the racketeering trial to 2010 January 25 . If proved , the charges -- raised under provisions of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations ( RICO ) Act -- can result in up to 20 years ' imprisonment , $ 250,000 in fines , and stiff penalties of forfeiture . Some of the charges involved fraudulent use of e-mail . In an article starting on the front page and extending for almost the entirety of another page , Laura Maggi analyzed Betty Jefferson 's imputed connection with William J. Jefferson 's conviction . She died in 2013", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72a3afc328325762718267f60d054fe", "text": "Blue Gangsta `` Blue Gangsta '' is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson . The song is the 7th track of Jackson 's second posthumous album Xscape . the song was originally written , composed and produced by Jackson and Dr. Freeze during the `` Invincible '' album recording session in 1998 . The song was re-tooled by Timbaland and Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon during the recording session in 2013-2014 of the Xscape album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "422104cecade36310f08c36fc2729f66", "text": "Joseph H. Jackson Joseph Harrison Jackson ( 1900 -- August 1990 ) was an American pastor and the longest serving President of the National Baptist Convention , USA , Inc. . The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s was highly controversial in many black churches , where the minister preached spiritual salvation rather than political activism . The National Baptist Convention became deeply split ; Jackson had supported the Montgomery bus boycott of 1956 , but by 1960 he told his denomination they should not become involved in civil rights activism . Jackson was based in Chicago and was a close ally of Mayor Richard J. Daley and the Chicago Democratic machine against the efforts of Martin Luther King , Jr. . In the end , Jackson prevailed . Yet , surprisingly , it was a former son of Olivet -LSB- pastored by J. H. Jackson -RSB- L. Venchael Booth , whom Jackson would later install as pastor of First Baptist Church of Gary in September 1944 , who issued the founding call for what became a rival group , Progressive National Baptist Convention . The PNBC became the `` household of the civil rights movement among Black Baptists , '' and the frontline supporters of the extensive activism of the King 's Southern Christian Leadership Conference . Jackson 's vocal stance for `` civil rights through law and order '' went in direct opposition to the methods of civil disobedience advocated by King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e6313d47017a915bdc913b42decf322", "text": "The Remix Suite The Remix Suite ( digital title : Michael Jackson : The Remix Suite ) is a compilation of remixed hits by Michael Jackson . Although labeled as a Michael Jackson release , the majority of remixes are of hits during his tenure with The Jackson 5 . Starting from August 25 , five remixes each were released digitally as `` suites '' via iTunes , AmazonMP3 and Rhapsody every two weeks . It is the fifth album to be released since Jackson 's death . The first suite leaked online two weeks before its intended digital release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbea0501fdd1379505174d687d49502", "text": "Smooth Criminal `` Smooth Criminal '' is the seventh single from American recording artist Michael Jackson 's 1987 Bad album . The song contains a fast-paced beat intertwined with Jackson 's lyrics about a woman named Annie , who has been violently attacked in her apartment by a `` smooth '' assailant . First broadcast on television as a video in early October , it was released as a single on October 21 , 1988 , and peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was re-released on April 10 , 2006 , as a part of the Visionary : The Video Singles box set . The re-released Visionary single charted at number 19 in the UK . The song is one of Jackson 's signature songs , and has appeared on numerous greatest hits albums , including Number Ones , The Essential Michael Jackson , Michael Jackson : The Ultimate Collection , King of Pop , This Is It , and Immortal . The song serves as the theme song to Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker , and plays as the background soundtrack in a section of the video game Michael Jackson 's Moonwalker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3069a96ae73a386fbac1c316e0b448d7", "text": "Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour Live in Bucharest : The Dangerous Tour is a live concert DVD by American recording artist Michael Jackson released on July 25 , 2005 . The DVD was previously included with The Ultimate Collection box set in 2004 . The concert took place during Jackson 's first leg on his Dangerous World Tour on October 1 , 1992 at the Bucharest National Stadium , with a sold-out attendance of 90,000 . This concert is the first concert by Jackson that has been officially released on DVD in the United States , also released in Asia market on double Video CD . The other official releases by Michael Jackson is a VHS of his HIStory World Tour concert in Seoul , South Korea , and it was released only in South Korea in 1996 , and Live at Wembley July 16 , 1988 , which is the second leg of his Bad World Tour . There are various versions of the footage of the same concert that exist . The first version was broadcast the next day by BBC ; following Jackson 's death , this version was rebroadcast on BNN/Ned3 . All the footage in this version is from the Bucharest concert . The version that appears on the DVD was broadcast on HBO in 1992 , which became the highest audience in the channel 's history for a single broadcast . This version , while mostly having footage of Jackson performing at the Bucharest Concert ( some in alternate camera angles in comparison to the BBC version ) , also consisted of footage from concerts in other locations such as Madrid and London . Also missing were the `` Brace Yourself '' video introduction and the `` We Are the World Interlude , '' which were included in the original BBC Telecast . The crowd screaming and intro before `` Wan na Be Startin ' Somethin' '' is featured in Michael 's 2010 song `` Behind the Mask '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2b5604b2e93c77d0c534a621b7dab42", "text": "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You) `` Son of a Gun ( I Betcha Think This Song Is About You ) '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Janet Jackson with Carly Simon from Jackson 's seventh studio album , All for You ( 2001 ) . It was written and produced by Jackson , Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis , with additional lyrics by Simon . The R&B and hip hop song is built around a sample of 1972 's `` You 're So Vain '' by Simon , who also added some new spoken parts into the song ; it talks about an unidentified man who attempted to extort money from Jackson . An official remix featuring Missy Elliott was released as the third single from the album on December 11 , 2001 by Virgin Records . The album version of `` Son of a Gun ( I Betcha Think This Song Is About You ) '' received mixed reviews from music critics , with some calling it a highlight from the album , while others criticized Simon 's rapping . The remix version also received a mixed reaction from reviewers . The song reached number 28 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Jackson 's lowest-charting single since 1983 , and also reached low positions worldwide . Its accompanying music video directed by Francis Lawrence depicts Jackson stalking a man in a hotel . `` Son of a Gun ( I Betcha Think This Song Is About You ) '' was performed on the 2001 -- 02 All for You Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e8378d8b439f54f15dc09f2d15ca34", "text": "Torture (The Jacksons song) `` Torture '' is the second single released off the album Victory by the band , The Jacksons . Written by Jackie Jackson and fellow Motown veteran Kathy Wakefield , the song is about someone ending a relationship and the torture that a person can receive while trying to end it . Jackie was originally going to sing the song with his brother , Michael , but Jackie 's role instead went to Jermaine Jackson , whose availability for the album was in question until the last minute . The rest of the Jacksons sang the chorus along with Michael and Jermaine . The song received mixed reactions from critics . The video was probably best known for Michael not being available , and the use of a wax dummy in his place throughout the video . Paula Abdul replaced Perri Lister as the video 's choreographer , in which various scenes of torture are displayed with the Jacksons being on the receiving end of most of it . The shoot was an expensive and arduous affair that neither Michael nor Jermaine took part in , and it ultimately bankrupted the production company . The song peaked at # 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , making it the second best selling single on the album , behind `` State of Shock '' . It also peaked at # 26 on the UK charts . This was their last single to reach the US Top 40 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "059b43558003c53d189f8033c901c5d6", "text": "Victory Tour (The Jacksons tour) The Victory Tour was a concert tour of the United States and Canada by Michael Jackson and The Jackson family between July and December 1984 . It was the first and only tour with all six Jackson brothers ( even though Jackie was injured for most of the tour ) . The group performed 55 concerts to an audience of approximately 2 million . Most came to see Michael , whose album Thriller was dominating the popular music world at the time . Many consider it to be his Thriller tour , with most of the songs on the set list coming off of his Off the Wall album and from the Thriller album . The tour reportedly grossed approximately $ 75 million ( US$ in dollars ) and set a new record for the highest grossing tour . It showcased Michael 's single decorated glove , black sequined jacket and moonwalk . Despite its focus on Michael , it was named after the newly released Jacksons ' album Victory although none of the album 's songs were performed . Marlon confirmed this was because Michael refused to rehearse or perform them ; in fact , he had only reluctantly joined his brothers , who needed the income while he himself did not . On the tour , tensions between Michael and his brothers increased to the point that he announced at the final show that it would be the last time they would perform together , ending plans for a European leg . The Jacksons did make money from the tour , along with promoter Don King . Michael donated his share to several charities as he had promised before it , but the rancour between him and his brothers had a deep and lasting effect on the Jacksons as a family , alienating him from them for most of his later life and it effectively ended the Jacksons as a performing group . The tour was also a financial disaster for promoter Chuck Sullivan , who along with his father Billy was eventually forced to sell the New England Patriots football team they owned , along with Foxboro Stadium , the team 's home field , as a result of the losses he incurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c9bd1462a91c4f0ea21d68d7f3a1ca", "text": "Come Back to Me (Janet Jackson song) `` Come Back to Me '' is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her fourth studio album Janet Jackson 's Rhythm Nation 1814 ( 1989 ) . It was written by Jackson , while James Harris III , and Terry Lewis co-wrote and produced the song . The R&B ballad talks about a lover trying to rekindle a romance that faded away a long time ago . It was released as the fifth single from the album in June 18 , 1990 . Jackson also recorded a Spanish version of the song titled `` Vuelve a Mí '' . The song received positive reviews from most music critics , who praised Jackson 's sweet delivery and the song 's instrumentation ; it was also called a sexy and silky ballad . It became a commercial success on the charts , reaching the top three in Canada and the United States , while also reaching the top twenty in the United Kingdom . The music video for the song was directed by Dominic Sena and it was set in Paris . The romantic video features Jackson 's former husband René Elizondo , Jr. . Jackson has performed the track in all of her tours , with the exception of The Velvet Rope Tour ( 1998 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48ffe7d73552286c79b7ee7d31f2098", "text": "Music and Me (Michael Jackson song) `` Music and Me '' is a 1973 single released by Michael Jackson on the Motown label . It was the singer 's second single release from the album Music & Me . It reached number 29 in the Netherlands and number 49 in Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169f1ca77ebdeda1897cd035855b4f20", "text": "Roman Polanski sexual abuse case In March 1977 , film director Roman Polanski was arrested and charged in Los Angeles with five offenses against Samantha Gailey , a 13-year-old girl -- rape by use of drugs , perversion , sodomy , lewd and lascivious act upon a child under 14 , and furnishing a controlled substance to a minor . At his arraignment Polanski pleaded not guilty to all charges , but later accepted a plea bargain whose terms included dismissal of the five initial charges in exchange for a guilty plea to the lesser charge of engaging in unlawful sexual intercourse . Polanski underwent a court-ordered psychiatric evaluation , and a report was submitted to the court recommending probation . However , upon learning that he was likely to face imprisonment and deportation , Polanski fled to France in February 1978 , hours before he was to be formally sentenced . Since then Polanski has mostly lived in France and has avoided visiting countries likely to extradite him to the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f28a16e2add1d4a5a634057a192f6ab", "text": "Cry (Michael Jackson song) `` Cry '' is a song recorded by American recording artist Michael Jackson that features on his tenth and final studio album , Invincible ( 2001 ) . The song was written by R&B singer-songwriter R. Kelly , who had previously written Jackson 's 1995 single `` You Are Not Alone '' . `` Cry '' was produced by Jackson and Kelly . It was released in December 2001 under Epic Records as the second single from Invincible . `` Cry '' is a R&B ballad , with lyrics that highlight problems with the planet . The lyrics also urge people to unite to make the world a better place . The track , thus , recalls previous Jackson songs that promote peace and environmentalism . The song was released with two B-side tracks ; `` Shout '' and `` Streetwalker '' . `` Cry '' received mixed reviews from music critics . The single had a moderate chart performance internationally , with its highest peak being number sixteen in Denmark , and its least successful charting country being Austria . The track was promoted with a music video , which was filmed by Nicholas Brandt . The video does not feature Jackson but shows people holding hands and standing side by side in a variety of settings , including a beach and a forest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9fd9a34827d5bb0dffc18bbcb0a817", "text": "Night and Day (Joe Jackson album) Night and Day is Joe Jackson 's fifth album , released in June 1982 . It reached the Top 5 in both the UK and US , Jackson 's only studio album to do so . It sold over one million copies , earning platinum disc status . The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter ( and indirectly to New York ) . The track `` Real Men '' pointed obliquely to the city 's early 1980s gay culture . `` Steppin ' Out '' earned Grammy nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance , Male . It reached # 6 on both the UK and the US charts . `` Breaking Us in Two '' reached # 18 in the US and # 59 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b84a5a030191dd64e3f3f3164ea99114", "text": "Speechless (Michael Jackson song) `` Speechless '' is a song by the American recording artist Michael Jackson , included on his tenth studio album , Invincible ( 2001 ) . It was only released as a promotional single in South Korea . The singer was inspired to write the ballad after a water balloon fight with children in Germany . Jackson collaborated on the production with musicians such as Jeremy Lubbock , Brad Buxer , Novi Novoq , Stuart Bradley and Bruce Swedien . Andraé Crouch and his gospel choir provided backing vocals . Executives at Jackson 's record label , Epic Records , responded positively to the track when given a preview several months before Invincibles release . `` Speechless '' was issued as a promotional single , receiving mixed reviews from music critics . Commentary focused on the track 's a cappellas , lyrics and music . A clip of Jackson singing `` Speechless '' was included in the 2009 documentary-concert film Michael Jackson 's This Is It .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2f267caa1dad67c83383f4899c9eb64", "text": "Millie Jackson (album) Millie Jackson is the self-titled debut album by singer-songwriter , Millie Jackson . This album is different from all her other album to follow in that this album features some Motown style songs . It includes the R&B hits `` A Child of God ( It 's Hard to Believe ) '' , `` My Man , A Sweet Man '' and `` Ask Me What You Want . '' The album was arranged by Tony Camillo and Bert de Coteaux . In 2006 , Ace Records in the UK digitally remastered this album ( along with four other best-selling Millie Jackson albums ) and released it on CD with bonus tracks and extensive liner notes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bd4dd6352235bcd10ffb95de67f92198	Here Comes the Sun was recorded in London in 1969.	[ { "docid": "e91a4f201684921f6d5d838a46c19509", "text": "Here Comes the Sun `` Here Comes the Sun '' is a song written by George Harrison that was first released on the Beatles ' 1969 album Abbey Road . Along with `` Something '' and `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' , it is one of Harrison 's best-known compositions from the Beatles era . The song was written at the country house of his friend Eric Clapton , where Harrison had chosen to play truant for the day , to avoid attending a meeting at the Beatles ' Apple Corps organisation . The lyrics reflect the composer 's relief at both the arrival of spring and the temporary respite he was experiencing from the band 's business affairs . The Beatles recorded `` Here Comes the Sun '' at London 's EMI Studios in the summer of 1969 . Led by Harrison 's acoustic guitar , the recording also features Moog synthesizer , which he had introduced to the Beatles ' sound after acquiring an early model of the instrument in California . Reflecting the continued influence of Indian classical music on Harrison 's writing , the composition includes a series of unusual time changes . `` Here Comes the Sun '' has received acclaim from music critics . Combined with his other contribution to Abbey Road , `` Something '' , it gained for Harrison the level of recognition as a songwriter that had previously been reserved for his bandmates John Lennon and Paul McCartney . Harrison played the song during many of his relatively rare live performances as a solo artist , including at the Concert for Bangladesh in 1971 and , with Paul Simon , during his appearance on Saturday Night Live in 1976 . Richie Havens and Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel each had hit singles with `` Here Comes the Sun '' in the 1970s . Nina Simone , George Benson , Booker T. & the M.G. 's , Peter Tosh and Joe Brown are among the many other artists who have covered the song .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "899d1c11c372a615727ae69a63a44eb6", "text": "Where Do We Go from Here (Chicago song) `` Where Do We Go from Here '' is a song from the American rock band Chicago 's second studio album , Chicago II ( 1970 ) . It was released as the B-side to the single `` 25 or 6 to 4 '' , one of the leading songs off of the record . With that single , it went to number four on the Pop Singles chart in June 1970 . The song was also the very first musical composition from bassist Peter Cetera , who was by this time contributing more than on the debut album released the year before . The song deals with how life is short , and that if you look around you can see that people need to embrace each other with love all the time , and not just when the country is at an all-time low ( hence the Vietnam War ) . The title line is taken from a TV reporter 's comment during the broadcast of the 1969 moon landing -- a historically positive event in stark contrast to the social upheavel on Earth at the time . A live performance of the song can be found on their 1971 Chicago at Carnegie Hall album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "222ca0acbb4c1b1c1d120d484fd8cc6d", "text": "The Islington The Islington is a live music venue located at 1 Tolpuddle Street , London , England , Prior to new ownership it was called the `` North One '' . It has become a known venue for national and international touring acts . The venue booking schedule has hosted notable performances from Thurston Moore , Jeffrey Lewis -RSB- -RSB- Matthew Caws ( Nada Surf ) -RSB- -RSB- Ethan Johns -RSB- -RSB- Jamie Lawson Sarah Neufeld ( Arcade Fire ) , Ward Thomas The Magic Numbers , Minor Alps , Lisa Mitchell , Whyte Horses , Max Cooke , The High Llamas , Cara Dillon , The Barr Brothers , Jamie Lenman , Ben Taylor and Yasmine Hamdan . The venue has hosted profile book launches from David Hepworth , Paul Morley Hunter Davies , Jon Savage", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c2ce80b5f73bb3e0c33a1c1d7cc3443", "text": "Live from London (Bon Jovi) Live From London is a live concert video from the American rock band Bon Jovi . It was the band 's first concert video and was shot at Wembley Stadium on June 25 , 1995 in front of 72,000 fans on the These Days Tour . Directed by David Mallet and produced by Andy Picheta , the release shows Bon Jovi performing some of their staple live hits , and also some songs from their album These Days . The approximate running time is 90 minutes , as some songs from the concert were cut from this release . For the production , Mallett and Picheta earned a nomination for Best Long Form Music Video at the 39th Annual Grammy Awards . The last track `` These Days '' is a music video featuring concert clips rather than a live performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3bbabc7b0c27cf2362ac892ab1ef0e5", "text": "Live at the Marquee (King Crimson album) Live at the Marquee is a live album by the band King Crimson , released through the King Crimson Collectors ' Club in October 1998 . Tracks 1 -- 8 believed to be recorded at the Marquee Club , London , England , United Kingdom , 6 July 1969 Track 9 recorded at the Fairfield Halls , Croydon , England , United Kingdom , 17 October 1969", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0560c9f4a72200237cdb2549d36aad2a", "text": "The London Rock and Roll Show The London Rock and Roll Show was a concert held at Wembley Stadium in Wembley Park , London , England , on 5 August 1972 . It is often said to have been the first ever concert held at the stadium , but in fact the band Yes had performed in the Stadium on 13 July 1969 . From the late 1960s to the early 1970s , many rock and roll performers from the 1950s experienced major career revivals due to a temporary upswing of interest in their form of music . The Revival was marked by a series of major concerts in the United States , and also spread to Europe where events such as the Wembley concert attracted thousands of fans who came out to see the performers behind the music . The concert included performances by major stars including Bo Diddley , Jerry Lee Lewis , Little Richard , and Bill Haley and His Comets . The concert ended with an extended performance by Chuck Berry , who at the time was enjoying major chart success in Britain and the US with his `` My Ding-a-Ling '' . Originally billed rock and roll era acts The Platters , The Drifters and The Coasters were unable to perform due to work permit issues . The show was opened instead with sets from British rock and rollers The Houseshakers , Joe Brown , Emile Ford & the Checkmates , Screaming Lord Sutch , Heinz ( with Wilko Johnson on guitar ) and Billy Fury ; as well as songs from Jerry Lee Lewis 's sister Linda Gail Lewis . Roy Wood 's new band Wizzard , only formed a few weeks previously , also made their live debut at the show . Garage rockers MC5 were not over-popular with the crowd . Little Richard also got booed when he stopped singing rock and roll and jumped on top of his piano . As did a very new Gary Glitter , with The Glitter Band . Mick Jagger attended the concert , but did not perform . Future Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren can be seen selling T-shirts from a stall in the film . The concert was filmed and released in 1973 as The London Rock and Roll Show , directed by Peter Clifton . Although no soundtrack release occurred at the time the film was made , one was finally issued in the early 2000s ( decade ) , followed by several different releases with different combinations of performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c514014bd4da9b37a0ee56382c1311", "text": "Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s . Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records . In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman . In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr . In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "447feca31ade0b5316cc1100513f83b8", "text": "Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! The Rolling Stones in Concert ` Get Yer Ya-Ya 's Out ! ' : The Rolling Stones in Concert is a live album by the Rolling Stones , released 4 September 1970 on Decca Records in the UK and on London Records in the US . It was recorded in New York City , New York and Baltimore , Maryland in November 1969 , just before the release of Let It Bleed . It is the first live album to reach number 1 in the UK . It was reported to have been issued in response to the well known bootleg Live ' r Than You 'll Ever Be . The album was a critical and commercial success , and is often cited as one of the greatest live albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c23f8c8cd80f3df9ca79620d52da7f3", "text": "Led Zeppelin Japanese Tour 1971 Led Zeppelin 's 1971 Japanese Tour was the first concert tour of Japan by the English rock band . The tour commenced on 23 September and concluded on 29 September 1971 . It was one of the first tours of Japan by a western rock band . One of the concerts from this short tour , at Hiroshima on 27 September , was organised as a benefit show . As an expression of thanks , the city of Hiroshima presented the band with a letter of appreciation and the city medal by the local mayor . During this tour , singer Robert Plant allegedly punched drummer John Bonham before one of the shows . This was not the only turbulent incident which occurred during the tour . As manager Peter Grant explained : The concerts were recorded at the insistence of the Japanese Warner Pioneer label , which was owned by the band 's record company Atlantic Records . However , upon hearing the recordings guitarist Jimmy Page found the audio quality to be so inferior that he decided to wipe over the tapes and use them again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d274ce0861ebf8bce32fcb86260e0d37", "text": "Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act . With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born . By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee7d55cae9af22df65d458199dfeb25", "text": "The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion . The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 . The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2db6beef77f2beb66f0e91da393d97fa", "text": "The Potty Training Years 1988–1992 The Potty Training Years 1988 -- 1992 is a re-release of the Signal Sound Systems Records album The Potty Training Years with some previously unreleased material . It is also the second album to feature a cover of the Beatles hit `` Here Comes the Sun '' ( though it is no different from the other version save for a four-second time difference )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5beb2891c14850078fc2327cd0db2c6", "text": "Two Miles from Heaven Two Miles From Heaven is a compilation album of tracks recorded by British rock band Mott the Hoople during their period with Island Records from 1969 to 1972 . It features the original band line-up of Ian Hunter ( vocals , piano , guitar ) , Mick Ralphs ( guitar , vocals ) , Peter Watts ( bass guitar , vocals ) , Dale Griffin ( drums ) and Verden Allen ( organ ) . Incomplete tracks from original sessions were supplemented by overdubs of vocals , keyboards ( by later Mott the Hoople and Mott member Morgan Fisher ) and guitar ( including contributions from Mott guitarist Ray Majors ) . Of significance to followers of the group were the inclusion of alternative versions of extant Mott the Hoople songs ( a vocal version of `` You Really Got Me '' , the discarded mix of `` Thunderbuck Ram '' and early demo tapes of songs that were later recorded for their All the Young Dudes album once the band had left Island and signed to Columbia Records : `` One of the Boys '' , `` Ride on the Sun '' ( better known as `` Sea Diver '' ) and `` Black Scorpio '' ( Momma 's Little Jewel ) . `` Until I 'm Gone '' was an otherwise unreleased Ralphs track . The initial vinyl release was on Island 's German label ( 202 429-270 ) , in 1980 , but it has subsequently been re-released on Angel Air SJPCD 161 in 2003 with additional bonus tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8920079848b535bfef4cee6afa4d637", "text": "The Sun Rising `` The Sun Rising '' is a hit single by UK band The Beloved . It was their first top 40 hit in the UK , peaking at # 26 in the UK Singles Chart in November 1989 . `` The Sun Rising '' appears on their top 20 album Happiness . The song was re-released in 1997 and reached # 31 in the UK . The female vocal that has been sampled in `` The Sun Rising '' is from a song titled `` O Euchari '' which appears on the album `` A Feather On The Breath Of God '' composed by Abbess Hildegard Of Bingen and sung by Emily Van Evera who was a member of the vocal ensemble Gothic Voices in 1981 when the album `` A Feather On The Breath Of God '' was originally recorded . The `` O Euchari '' sample was not credited on the release of `` The Sun Rising '' single . An out of court settlement was reached between WEA and the `` Gothic Voices '' record label `` Hyperion Records '' for this omission . The song was also used in a commercial for the breakfast cereal Alpen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0db66024ddcf8bc7a58327af2ab1d1", "text": "From Elvis in Memphis From Elvis in Memphis is the fifteenth studio album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley , released on RCA Records . It was recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis in January and February 1969 under the direction of producer Chips Moman and backed by its house band , informally known as `` The Memphis Boys '' . Following the success of Presley 's 1968 Christmas television special and its soundtrack , the album marked Presley 's return to non-soundtrack albums after the completion of his film contract with Paramount Pictures . Presley 's entourage convinced him to leave the RCA studios and record this album at American Sound , a new Memphis studio at the peak of a hit-producing streak . The reason for going to Moman 's studio was for the soul sound of the house band , ` the Memphis Boys ' . The predominance of country songs among those recorded in these sessions gives them the feel of the `` country soul '' style . This impression is emphasized by the frequent use of the dobro in the arrangements . In any case , the Memphis Boys have a solidly southern soul sound . From Elvis in Memphis was released in June 1969 to favorable reviews . The album peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200 , number two on the country charts and number one in the United Kingdom , and its single `` In the Ghetto '' reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1970 . In later years , it garnered further favorable reviews , while it was ranked number 190 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1bb90c6f57bac01abe666000cfa7c87", "text": "Live at the Talk of the Town (Stevie Wonder album) Live at the Talk of the Town is a 1970 live album by Stevie Wonder on the Tamla ( Motown ) label , recorded at the Talk of the Town nightclub in London . The third live collection by the singer-songwriter , this is the follow-up to his preceding live release Stevie Wonder Live . It was originally only released in the UK , then finally released in the US in 2005 via iTunes as part of The Complete Stevie Wonder collection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c702312d0454ae4c3e30b23ffa0f934c", "text": "Adrian Lee Adrian Lee ( born 9 September 1957 , London , England ) is an English musician , known especially for his brass instrumentation work with several well-known acts of the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3bc33bc4fa7d298572ab4d589a23652", "text": "London Philharmonic Orchestra The London Philharmonic Orchestra ( LPO ) is one of five permanent symphony orchestras based in London . It was founded by the conductors Sir Thomas Beecham and Malcolm Sargent in 1932 as a rival to the existing London Symphony and BBC Symphony Orchestras . The founders ' ambition was to build an orchestra the equal of any European or American rival . Between 1932 and the Second World War the LPO was widely judged to have succeeded in this regard . After the outbreak of war the orchestra 's private backers withdrew and the players reconstituted the LPO as a self-governing cooperative . In the post-war years the orchestra faced challenges from two new rivals ; the Philharmonia and the Royal Philharmonic , founded respectively in 1946 and 1947 , achieved a quality of playing not matched by the older orchestras , including the LPO . By the 1960s the LPO had regained its earlier standards , and in 1964 it secured a valuable engagement to play in the Glyndebourne Festival opera house during the summer months . In 1993 it was appointed resident orchestra of the Royal Festival Hall on the south bank of the Thames , one of London 's major concert venues . Since 1995 the residency has been jointly held with the Philharmonia . In addition to its work at the Festival Hall and Glyndebourne , the LPO performs regularly at the Congress Theatre , Eastbourne and the Brighton Dome , and tours nationally and internationally . Since Beecham , the orchestra has had ten principal conductors , including Sir Adrian Boult , Bernard Haitink , Sir Georg Solti , Klaus Tennstedt and Vladimir Jurowski . The orchestra has been active in recording studios since its earliest days , and has played on hundreds of sets made by EMI , Decca and other companies . Since 2005 the LPO has had its own record label , issuing live recordings of concerts . The orchestra has played on numerous film soundtracks , including Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) and the Lord of the Rings trilogy ( 2001 -- 03 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68d7e6c26399be0a00fc280062b9359a", "text": "They Came from the Sun They Came From the Sun is the second and last album by British post-hardcore band Yourcodenameis : Milo . The album was released on 2 April 2007 under V2 Records . The song `` Understand '' was originally called ` Second Mater Responds ' in relation to the song ` First Mater Responds ' which featured on their mini-album `` All Roads to Fault '' . The title was changed to ` Understand ' shortly before the album 's release . Videos were made for the singles , `` Understand '' and `` I 'm Impressed '' . `` Translate '' was released as a free download from the band 's website with downloadable artwork .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1ecfcd375ad756ea4832acf5761f00b", "text": "The Complete Studio Recordings (Led Zeppelin album) The Complete Studio Recordings is a ten compact disc box set by the English rock group Led Zeppelin , released by Atlantic Records on 24 September 1993 . It contains all nine of the original Led Zeppelin studio albums digitally remastered , and an expanded version of Coda . The albums are placed in chronological order with the exception of Presence which appears between Houses of the Holy and Physical Graffiti . The intention was to have the latter in one two-disc-sleeve . The set 's version of Coda included some of the previously unreleased tracks that had surfaced on the box set series : `` Baby Come On Home '' , `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' , `` White Summer/Black Mountain Side '' , and `` Hey , Hey , What Can I Do '' . In 2007 , when the Led Zeppelin catalog was released to digital stores , the expanded track list for Coda was used , but omitted `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' because of its inclusion with BBC Sessions . The set also includes a booklet featuring an extended essay by rock journalist Cameron Crowe and photos of the band . The album cover depicts the inside structure of a zeppelin . This title has been discontinued just prior to the launch of Mothership , and is now superseded by the Definitive Collection Mini LP Replica CD Boxset , which was released in September 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e65ab0155d8891a8ce28d53727bc62e4", "text": "And Then... Along Comes the Association And Then ... Along Comes the Association is the debut studio album by the American sunshine pop band the Association , and was released on Valiant Records , in July 1966 ( see 1966 in music ) . It became one of the top selling LPs in America , peaking at number five , and remains the Association 's most successful album release , with the exception of their Greatest Hits compilation . The album 's success was primarily credited to the inclusion of their two U.S. hits `` Along Comes Mary '' and `` Cherish '' , which peaked at number seven and number one respectively on the Billboard Hot 100 , and were among the most-played songs on AM radio in 1966 . The album was preceded by a few non-LP singles as the Association struggled to establish themselves a commercial presence . Moving from the Jubilee record label to Valiant Records , the group released a cover version of Bob Dylan 's `` One Too Many Mornings '' , which received attention from Curt Boettcher . Boettcher , who had previously worked with the folk rock group The GoldeBriars , and demoed `` Along Comes Mary '' with lead guitarist Jules Alexander , was brought in by the group to steer the Association in a pop rock musical direction . Aside from `` Along Comes Mary '' , the sessions with Boettcher provided the band with the song 's B-side , `` Your Own Love '' , and two other tracks that are featured on the album `` Remember '' and `` I 'll Be Your Man '' . The Association yielded some of the instrumental playing on And Then ... Along Comes the Association to top L.A. session musicians , including guitarist Mike Deasy ( who would continue to play on other Association albums ) , bassist Jerry Scheff , and percussionists Jim Troxel and Toxey French . And Then ... Along Comes the Association saw the group experiment with luscious vocal harmonies that anticipated the musical textures of Bottecher 's later groups the Millennium and Sagittarius . In addition , the album incorporated a wide-assortment of influences , including folk rock , psychedelia , Baroque pop , and remains a cornerstone of sunshine pop . Along with the hit singles `` Along Comes Mary '' and `` Cherish '' , notable tracks on the album include the reflective `` Enter the Young '' and the Addrissi brothers ' `` Do n't Blame It on Me '' . The partnership between the Association and Boettcher -- while innovative and commercially successful -- was cut short after Boettcher began to overreach his authority in the group 's musical direction . For their sophomore effort , Renaissance , the Association recruited Jerry Yester to replace Boettcher as producer .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1be4b2df4c9c6107bd28a69860bdc204	Guinevere is found in medieval Welsh prose.	[ { "docid": "0acbdd775a87a92895b2e775def35a13", "text": "Guinevere Guinevere ( -LSB- ˈɡwɪnᵻvɪər -RSB- Gwenhwyfar Gwenivar ) , often written as Guenevere or Gwenevere , is , in Arthurian legend , the wife of King Arthur . She first appears as Guanhumara ( with many spelling variants in the manuscript tradition ) in Geoffrey of Monmouth 's pseudo-historical chronicle of British history , the Historia Regum Britanniae , written circa 1136 AD . She is also found in medieval Welsh prose , in the mid-late 12th-century tale Culhwch and Olwen , as Arthur 's wife Gwenhwyfar . In medieval romances , one of the most prominent story arcs is Queen Guinevere 's love affair with her husband 's chief knight , Lancelot . This story first appeared in Chrétien de Troyes 's Lancelot , the Knight of the Cart and became a motif in Arthurian literature , starting with the Lancelot-Grail of the early 13th century and carrying through the Post-Vulgate Cycle and Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur . Guinevere and Lancelot 's betrayal of Arthur preceded his eventual defeat at the Battle of Camlann by Mordred .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9682b08912e0fd6b0b01171db01847a9", "text": "Welsh poetry Welsh poetry may refer to poetry in the Welsh language , poetry in English from Wales , or other poetry written in Wales or by Welsh poets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a005376e34382e6caac4b6b2147dc33c", "text": "Kenneth Morris (author) Kenneth Vennor Morris ( 31 July 1879 -- 21 April 1937 ) , sometimes using the Welsh form of his name Cenydd Morus , was a Welsh author and theosophist . Born in South Wales , he moved to London with his family as a child , and was educated at Christ 's Hospital . In 1896 he lived in Dublin for a while , where he became friends with George William Russell . From 1908 to 1930 Morris lived in California as a member of staff of the Theosophical Society headquarters at Point Loma . The last seven years of his life were spent back in his native Wales , during which time he founded seven Welsh theosophical lodges . Morris was a friend of Talbot Mundy , and the two writers often commentated on each other 's work in The Theosophical Path magazine . In the verdict of Ursula K. Le Guin , Morris appears as one of the three master prose stylists of fantasy in the 20th century , together with E. R. Eddison and J. R. R. Tolkien .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fca206e4f3d937a36cd0a1383fc562f3", "text": "Medieval literature Medieval literature is a broad subject , encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages ( that is , the one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca . AD 500 to the beginning of the Florentine Renaissance in the late 15th century ) . The literature of this time was composed of religious writings as well as secular works . Just as in modern literature , it is a complex and rich field of study , from the utterly sacred to the exuberantly profane , touching all points in-between . Works of literature are often grouped by place of origin , language , and genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac1c54d95b5f85e35bc6c7010579092a", "text": "Dafydd Ddu o Hiraddug Dafydd Ddu o Hiraddug ( died 1371 ) , also known as Dafydd Ddu Athro o Hiraddug , was a Welsh language poet , grammarian , and cleric in the diocese of Llanelwy ( St Asaph ) . He was once believed to be the son of a certain Hywel ap Madog of Tremeirchion , but this has now been disproven . Dafydd composed poems on religious themes ; his surviving work includes poems on the Ten Commandments , Salvation , and on the ephemeracy of human life and of God 's judgement to come after death . Dafydd is also thought to be the composer of the `` Gwasanaeth Mair '' ( Mary 's Service ) , a poetical translation of the Latin `` Horae beatae Mariae virginis '' ( a Book of Hours ) into Welsh . Dafydd 's greatest fame lies with his revised edition of the llyfr cerddwriaeth or bardic grammar of Einion Offeiriad . Dafydd was probably buried in Dyserth , north Wales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f3c91aeb340663a8a0ebfe2b765dab", "text": "Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes . Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "004f217ce9ed41f58417f051842b75ed", "text": "Brut y Saeson The Chronicle of the Saxons ( Brut y Saeson ) is a Welsh-language chronicle running from 683 to 1197 . One manuscript attributes it to Caradog of Llancarfan . It appears to consist primarily of passages of the Chronicle of the Princes and the Annals of Winchester , with other minor sources as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3cd21922b8130b04ca28289fe232c44", "text": "Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century . The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history . In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' . Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "add65a62f461d1b4e0213baa051515f8", "text": "Gwenllian Gwenllian ( Welsh , a combination of gwen `` fair , blessed , white '' and llian `` flaxen '' ) was the name of several ladies who lived in medieval Wales . The two best known have , for different reasons , become symbols of Welsh patriotism and/or independence . Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd ( 1097-1136 ) Her patriotic revolt and subsequent death in battle at Kidwelly Castle contributed to the Great Revolt of 1136 Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn ( 1282-1337 ) The only child of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd , the last native Prince of Wales Category : Welsh feminine given names", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9d1445dd0c8fddf6f0c6e1c24044e9f", "text": "Prose Tristan The Prose Tristan is an adaptation of the Tristan and Iseult story into a long prose romance , and the first to tie the subject entirely into the arc of the Arthurian legend . It was also the first major Arthurian prose cycle commenced after the widely popular Lancelot-Grail ( Vulgate Cycle ) , which influenced especially the later portions of the Prose Tristan . According to the prologue , the first part of the book ( i.e. everything before the Grail material ) is attributed to the otherwise unknown Luce de Gat , and were probably begun between 1230 and 1235 . The work was expanded and reworked sometime after 1240 . In the epilogue , a second author names himself as `` Helie de Boron , '' asserting that he is the nephew of the first author of the Arthurian Grail cycles , poet Robert de Boron . Helie de Boron claims , like the so-called authors of the Roman de la Rose , to have picked up the story where Luce left off . Neither the biographies of the two authors , nor the claim that they had been translating the work from a Latin original are taken seriously by scholars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4306f1b4acf777b4cb6b202c62b8e996", "text": "Gwenc'hlan See Gwenc ` hlan Le Scouëzec for the modern author . Gwenc ` hlan is the cognomen of a legendary 6th century Breton druid and bard called Kian , the subject and purported author of a Breton song called `` Diougan Gwenc ` hlan '' ( Gwenc ` hlan 's prophecy ) , published by Hersart de la Villemarqué in his 1839 anthology Barzaz Breiz . In this song , Gwenc ` hlan is imprisoned after having his eyes gouged out for refusing to convert to Christianity , sings out that he is n't afraid to die and makes a prophecy wherein he will be avenged . The motive of the blinded prisoner is reminiscent of the historical fate of Boethius . One Gwenc ` hlan or Guinclaff around 1450 wrote a `` chant royal '' , or `` Dialogue between King Arthur and Gwenc ` hlan '' , quoted by Dom Le Pelletier and Gregory of Rostrenen . The poem was rediscovered in 1924 . The Breton used by this Gwenc ` hlan is already deeply pervaded by French . The legend of the 6th century bard is largely a creation of de la Villemarqué 's , but he may have based his account on the 15th century author , as well as on other traditional Breton tales . He quotes 6th to 12th century Welsh poems attributed to the bards Aneurin , Taliesin and Llywarch Hen as his sources .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de592e967bc6f7d8e29eb17db7435a6d", "text": "Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles . Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "879e3ba42f61878db4bf7dcea8a5361d", "text": "Three Welsh Romances The Three Welsh Romances ( Welsh : Y Tair Rhamant ) are three Middle Welsh tales associated with the Mabinogion . They are versions of Arthurian tales that also appear in the work of Chrétien de Troyes . Critics have debated whether the Welsh Romances are based on Chrétien 's poems or if they derive from a shared original . Though it seems probable the surviving Romances derive , directly or indirectly , from Chrétien , it is probable he in turn based his tales on older , Celtic sources . The Romances survive in the White Book of Rhydderch and the Red Book of Hergest , both from the fourteenth century , though the material is at least as old as Chrétien . The Three Welsh Romances are : Owain , or the Lady of the Fountain ; which corresponds to Chrétien 's Yvain , the Knight of the Lion Geraint and Enid , which corresponds to Chrétien 's Erec and Enide . Peredur , son of Efrawg , which corresponds to Chrétien 's Perceval , the Story of the Grail", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de7a71b4bed27fb7ae61a99659c960e4", "text": "Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English was a 1977 poetry anthology edited by the author and academic Gwyn Jones . It covered both Welsh language poetry , in English translation , and Welsh poets writing in English ( often called Anglo-Welsh poetry ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "220d31a76d69d52c3681ac88edb52c0c", "text": "Dewisland thumb \| 250px \| right \| The cantref of Pebidiog in ancient Dyfed The Hundred of Dewisland ( often written `` Dewsland '' ) was a hundred in the north west of Pembrokeshire , Wales . It was formed by the Act of Union of 1536 and was essentially identical to the pre-Norman cantref of Pebidiog : one of the seven cantrefs of Dyfed . Named after Dewi Sant , the Welsh name for Saint David , Dewisland is in north-western Pembrokeshire , including the city of St David 's and the peninsula on which it stands . Almost all of the hundred was within the Marcher Lordship of the Bishop of St David 's , and St David 's was its civil and ecclesiastical headquarters . It was said to be divided into two commotes : Mynyw ( Latin : Menevia ) and Pencaer . Dewisland boasts of being the only part of Wales never conquered by a foreign invader . The English before the Conquest did not get so far , and the Normans respected Dewisland as a possession of the Church , so that it was spared the fierce fighting which took place everywhere else when they conquered Wales . Nevertheless , it was occupied by the Normans in the 12th century , and made part of the March , but remained exclusively Welsh-speaking , except for small English plantations in the City of St David 's and at Abercastle and Letterston . These were extinct by the time of George Owen , who described the hundred as wholly Welsh-speaking . The Petty Sessions for the hundred were held at Solfach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94c6883fe8ccfb284b6069626d300ea9", "text": "Cadfan Stone Inside St Cadfan 's Church , Tywyn , Gwynedd is an inscribed stone cross called the Cadfan Stone ( or the Tywyn Stone ) . On it are the earliest known inscriptions in the Welsh language , specifically in Old Welsh . Recent scholarship dates the inscriptions to the 9th century . They were previously considered to be older . Ifor Williams dated them to the 8th century , and a late 7th century or early 8th century date was suggested by Kenneth H. Jackson . A date between the 7th century and the 9th century is suggested by Coflein , the website of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales . Originally the stone stood over 2.3 metres tall , but it now measures 2.18 m tall by 0.25 m and 0.2 m. Below is the interpretation given in the most recent study of the stone ( sides A , B , C and D ) by Nancy Edwards . A/D . Tengr ( um ) ui cimalted gu ( reic ) / Adgan / / anterunc du But Marciau ` Tengrumui wedded wife of Adgan ( lies ) fairly near ( or very near ) to Bud ( and ) Marciau ( or But Marciau ) . ' A. m ( ortci ) c ar tr ( i ) ` The mortal remains of the three ' B/C . Cun ben Celen / / tricet nitanam ` Cun woman ( or wife of Celyn ) , a mortal wound remains . ' C. mort/cic pe/tuar ` The mortal remains of four ' Despite its undoubted significance , the Cadfan Stone has been given relatively little attention from Welsh authors and poets . Exceptions include the poems ` Cofebion Tywyn ' by Owain Owain and ' Y boen ' by Myrddin ap Dafydd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff812569bfc5d93e9418b17d3f58a4c7", "text": "Tredegar House Tredegar House ( Welsh : Tŷ Tredegar ) is a 17th-century Charles II-era country house mansion in Coedkernew , at the western edge of the city of Newport , Wales . For over five hundred years it was home to the Morgan family , later Lords Tredegar ; one of the most powerful and influential families in the area . Described as `` The grandest and most exuberant country house '' in Monmouthshire and one of the `` outstanding houses of the Restoration period in the whole of Britain '' , the mansion stands in a reduced landscaped garden of 90 acre ( 0.14 of a square mile ) forming the non-residential part of Tredegar Park . The property became a Grade I listed building on 3 March 1952 and has been under the care of the National Trust since March 2012 . The Welsh name of the house is nowadays `` Tŷ Tredegar '' , but this is somewhat unauthentic and is obviously a translation of `` Tredegar House '' . The name is merely `` Tredegar '' historically , or to cite an earlier form ( 1550 ) `` Tredegyr '' ( the form Tredegar shows the influence of the local Gwentian dialect of Welsh ) . A form more in keeping with Welsh naming practice , instead of tŷ , would be Plas Tredegar or Plas Tredegyr but it does not seem that this was ever in use either . Tredegyr is `` farmstead of Tegyr '' ( tre , a form of tref = farmstead ) + soft mutation ( t > d ) + Tegyr . A Brythonic form * Tecorix ( fair king ) might be supposed , as such a form would have resulted in Welsh `` Tegyr '' following normal processes in the development of Welsh from Brythonic . There is a similar name in Denbighshire -- Botegyr , meaning `` Tegyr 's dwelling '' , < Bod Degyr < ( bod = dwelling ) + ( soft mutation t > d ) + ( Tegyr ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb9ed65daa3e5793029fb832d37bab6b", "text": "William Glynne-Jones ≠ William Glynne-Jones ( 1907 -- 1977 ) was a Welsh author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75916aff69d6af668437222129c16772", "text": "Cyfraith Hywel Cyfraith Hywel ( -LSB- ˈkəvraiθ ˈhəwɛl -RSB- ; Laws of Hywel ) , also known as Welsh law ( Leges Walliæ ) , was the system of law practised in medieval Wales before its final conquest by England . Subsequently , the Welsh law 's criminal codes were superseded by the Statute of Rhuddlan in AD 1284 and its civil codes by Henry VIII 's series of Laws in Wales Acts between 1535 and 1542 . Welsh law was a form of Celtic law with many similarities to the Brehon law of Ireland and particularly the customs and terminology of the Britons of Strathclyde . It was passed down orally by jurists and bards and , according to tradition , only first codified during the reign of Hywel the Good in the mid-10th century . The earliest surviving manuscripts , however , are in Latin , date from the early 13th century , and show marked regional differences . The law is only known to have been revised by a few rulers ( particularly Bleddyn ap Cynfyn , who was credited with revisions retained in the kingdom of Powys ) but was obviously updated by jurists in response to changing jurisdictions and circumstances , so that the surviving manuscripts can not be considered an accurate portrayal of Hywel 's first code . Notable features of Welsh law include the collective responsibility of kindreds ( Welsh : cenedl ) for their members ; the gavelkind inheritance of land among all and only male descendants ; a status-based system of blood money ( galanas ) ; slavery and serfdom ; the inability of foreigners to naturalize earlier than the fourth generation ; and very lax treatment of divorce and legitimacy that scandalized the non-native clergy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0fb33ac1a6998cc46edf37578a96b83", "text": "Brut y Tywysogion Brut y Tywysogion ( Chronicle of the Princes ) , also known as Brut y Tywysogyon , is one of the most important primary sources for Welsh history . It is an annalistic chronicle that serves as a continuation of Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae . Brut y Tywysogion has survived as several Welsh translations of an original Latin version , which has not itself survived . The most important versions are the one in Robert Vaughan 's Peniarth MS. 20 and the slightly less complete one in the Red Book of Hergest . The version entitled Brenhinoedd y Saeson ( Kings of the English ) combines material from the Welsh annals with material from an English source . The Peniarth MS. 20 version begins in 682 with a record of the death of Cadwaladr and ends in 1332 . The entries for the earlier years are brief , usually records of deaths and events such as eclipses , plagues or earthquakes , but later entries give much more detail . The main focus is on the rulers of the kingdoms of Gwynedd , Powys and Deheubarth , but ecclesiastical events are also mentioned , such as the bringing of the date of celebrating Easter in the Welsh church into line with Rome by `` Elbodius '' ( Elfodd ) , Bishop of Bangor , in 768 . Events in England , Ireland , Scotland and sometimes France are also briefly chronicled . The original monastic annals are thought to have been written at Strata Florida Abbey , but may have been kept at the old abbey at Llanbadarn Fawr in the 11th century . Annals from other abbeys were also used in the composition . At least one of the Welsh translations is also thought to have been written at Strata Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7b2f810f81421e2606934b020f4e615", "text": "Lanval Lanval is one of the Lais of Marie de France . Written in Anglo-Norman , it tells the story of Lanval , a knight at King Arthur 's court , who is overlooked by the king , wooed by a fairy lady , given all manner of gifts by her , and subsequently refuses the advances of Queen Guinevere . The plot is complicated by Lanval 's promise not to reveal the identity of his mistress , which he breaks when Guinevere accuses him of having `` no desire for women '' . Before Arthur , Guinevere accuses Lanval of shaming her , and Arthur , in an extended judicial scene , demands that he reveal his mistress . Despite the broken promise , the fairy lover eventually appears to justify Lanval , and to take him with her to Avalon . The tale was popular , and was adapted into English as Sir Landevale , Sir Launfal , and Sir Lambewell .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4c472b19af4873c6afc3030a092830a0	From 1865 to 1909 Leopold II of Belgium was king.	[ { "docid": "581ea1b5cd1486e90a2ae327393bad94", "text": "Leopold II of Belgium Leopold II ( 9 April 1835 -- 17 December 1909 ) reigned as the second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 . He became known for the founding and exploitation of the Congo Free State as a private venture . Born in Brussels as the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of Leopold I and Louise of Orléans , he succeeded his father to the Belgian throne in 1865 and reigned for 44 years until his death - the longest reign of any Belgian monarch . He died without surviving male issue ; the current Belgian king descends from his nephew and successor , Albert I. Leopold became the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State , a private project undertaken on his own behalf . He used explorer Henry Morton Stanley to help him lay claim to the Congo , the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo . At the Berlin Conference of 1884 -- 1885 the colonial nations of Europe authorized his claim by committing the Congo Free State to improving the lives of the native inhabitants . From the beginning , however , Leopold essentially ignored these conditions . He ran the Congo using the mercenary Force Publique for his personal enrichment . He used great sums of the money from this exploitation for public and private construction projects in Belgium during this period . He donated the private buildings to the state before his death , to preserve them for Belgium . Leopold extracted a fortune from the Congo , initially by the collection of ivory , and - after a rise in the price of rubber in the 1890s - by forced labour from the natives to harvest and process rubber . Under his régime millions of the Congolese people died ; modern estimates range from 1 to 15 million , with a consensus growing around 10 million . Human-rights abuses under his régime contributed significantly to these deaths . Reports of deaths and abuse led to a major international scandal in the early 20th century , and the Belgian government ultimately forced Leopold to relinquish control of the colony to Belgian civil administration in 1908 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c6c1b77719a46b2f7d5028a54c5bd468", "text": "Imperial Highness His/Her Imperial Highness ( abbreviation HIH ) is a style used by members of an imperial family to denote imperial -- as opposed to royal -- status to show that the holder in question is descended from an Emperor rather than a King ( compare His/Her Royal Highness ) . The first dynasty to use the style on the generic basis were the Romanovs in the eighteenth century ; the archdukes and archduchess of the House of Habsburg were only styled as Royal Highness given the officially elective nature of the Holy Roman Empire . With the establishment of the Austrian Empire in 1804 their style was changed to that of Imperial and Royal Highness . Today , the style has mainly fallen from use with the exception of the . In the past , the style has been applied to more senior members of imperial dynasties , including the French , Turkish , Russian , and Ethiopian imperial houses , among many others . Archdukes of Austria from the Habsburg dynasty held the style of Imperial and Royal Highness ( Kaiserliche und königliche Hoheit ) , with the `` Royal '' signifying their status as Princes of Hungary and Bohemia . They were also addressed as `` Imperial Highness '' ( Kaiserliche Hoheit ) . Members of the British royal family , theoretically , as the imperial family of India could have used the title , but did not . Category : Styles ( manners of address ) es : Tratamientos protocolares de la monarquía", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f67988575c48a9178c9e3bc1bea08ab", "text": "Histoire de Belgique (book series) The Histoire de Belgique ( `` History of Belgium '' ) is a seven-volume survey of the history of Belgium by the historian Henri Pirenne , written in French language and published between 1900 and 1932 . The series , which traces the emergence of the Belgian nation-state from the Roman era until the start of World War I , is a classic of nationalist historiography and one of Pirenne 's major works . Although Pirenne is today best known as a historian of Medieval Europe , the Histoire de Belgique series was his most respected work during his lifetime and the foundation of his reputation as Belgium 's leading national historian . Unlike much nationalist historiography , Pirenne 's history did not trace the emergence of a Belgian `` Volksgeist '' ( national spirit ) but argued that Belgium had naturally developed as a cosmopolitan society to serve as a mediator between Latin and Germanic Europe . Pirenne did , however , believe in the existence of a distinctly Belgian civilisation ( civilisation belge ) reflecting a unique combination of external influences and which had changed over time without losing its distinctiveness . Publication began in 1900 and ended in 1932 after being disrupted for several years during the German occupation of Belgium ( 1914 -- 18 ) in which Pirenne had been held as a political prisoner . The seventh volume was awarded the Francqui Prize in 1933 . According to modern historians , Pirenne 's 1928 publication La Belgique et la Guerre Mondiale ( Belgium and the World War ) could be considered a chronological sequel , covering the period after the end of volume seven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b2743ccdb33e8dbe41e360cd875ac3b", "text": "Kingdom of Bavaria The Kingdom of Bavaria ( Königreich Bayern ) was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918 . The Bavarian Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1805 as Maximilian I Joseph . The crown would go on being held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom came to an end in 1918 . Most of Bavaria 's present-day borders were established after 1814 with the Treaty of Paris , in which Bavaria ceded Tyrol and Vorarlberg to the Austrian Empire while receiving Aschaffenburg and Würzburg . With the unification of Germany into the German Empire in 1871 , the kingdom became a state of the new Empire and was second in size , power , and wealth only to the leading state , the Kingdom of Prussia . Since the end of the kingdom and the empire in 1918 , Bavaria has remained part of Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68565af946b0b8279ccc7d77f2e5f794", "text": "Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d13b1b69182bcdd7dc71f2a28e221df", "text": "Figurehead In politics , a figurehead is a person who holds de jure ( in name or by law ) an important title or office ( often supremely powerful ) , yet de facto ( in reality ) executes little actual power . The metaphor derives from the carved figurehead at the prow of a sailing ship . Commonly cited figureheads include Queen Elizabeth II , who is Queen of sixteen Commonwealth realms and head of the Commonwealth , but has no power over the nations in which she is not head of state and does not exercise power in her own realms on her own initiative . Other figureheads are the Emperor of Japan , the King of Sweden , or presidents in majority of parliamentary republics , such as the President of India , President of Israel , President of Bangladesh , President of Greece , President of Germany , President of Pakistan , and President of China ( when not simultaneously holding the CPC General Secretary and Chairman of CMC posts ) . During the crisis of the March on Rome in 1922 , King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy , though a figurehead , played a key role in handing power to Benito Mussolini . More than 20 years later , the same King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy played a key role in the dismissal of Benito Mussolini in 1943 . Since the abolition of monarchy in Italy and the establishment of a republic in 1946 , the Italian President assumed most of the ceremonial functions of the previous kings ; however , the Italian President retains large powers in appointing a prime minister of his choice when in parliament there 's no clear majority government , creating a so-called `` president 's cabinet '' ( a technocratic cabinet ) . For example , the former Prime Minister of Italy , Sen Mario Monti , was appointed by the Italian President Giorgio Napolitano as a lifetime-senator and then as Prime Minister of the country , not after a new election . Italian President 's powers and influence are so much stronger is the weaker political parties ' leadership . This system is called `` accordion '' . Conversely , King Juan Carlos I of Spain , also largely considered a figurehead , had in 1981 a key role in defending the newborn Spanish democracy and foiling the attempted coup d'état , known as `` 23-F '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "552f5bf7b5738b7f4ce8e6616769f968", "text": "Empress Elisabeth of Austria Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria ( 24 December 1837 -- 10 September 1898 ) was the wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I , and thus Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary , and many others ( see Grand title of the Empress of Austria ) . Born into the royal Bavarian house of Wittelsbach , Elisabeth ( also called `` Sisi '' ) enjoyed an informal upbringing before marrying Emperor Franz Joseph I at the age of sixteen . The marriage thrust her into the much more formal Habsburg court life , for which she was ill-prepared and which she found uncongenial . Early in the marriage she was at odds with her mother-in-law , Archduchess Sophie , who took over the rearing of Elisabeth 's daughters , one of whom , Sophie , died in infancy . The birth of a male heir , Rudolf , improved her standing at court considerably , but her health suffered under the strain , and she would often visit Hungary for its more relaxed environment . She came to develop a deep kinship with Hungary , and helped to bring about the dual monarchy of Austria -- Hungary in 1867 . The death of her only son Rudolf , and his mistress Mary Vetsera , in a murder -- suicide tragedy at his hunting lodge at Mayerling in 1889 was a blow from which Elisabeth never recovered . She withdrew from court duties and travelled widely , unaccompanied by her family . She was obsessively concerned with maintaining her youthful figure and beauty , which was already legendary during her life . While travelling in Geneva in 1898 , she was stabbed to death by an Italian anarchist named Luigi Lucheni . Elisabeth was the longest serving Empress of Austria , at 44 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "337042ae68a485b3bd4948bc9bae7f90", "text": "Schrecklichkeit Schrecklichkeit ( German `` terror '' or `` frightfulness '' ) is a word used by English speakers to describe an assumed military policy of the German Army towards civilians in World War I. It was the basis of German actions during their march through Belgium in 1914 . Similar policies were followed later in France , the Russian-held area of Poland , and in Russia . Under the traditional `` laws of war '' in Europe , military activity was to be confined to the regular , uniformed armies of each side . Civilians were to take no part in fighting , neither attacking or being attacked . Thus , when the uniformed army troops in a nation or region were all defeated , resistance was supposed to end . In practice , informal resistance by `` partisans '' , `` guerrillas '' , or `` francs-tireurs '' often continued after the `` regular '' troops had given up or withdrawn . These fighters , never officially enrolled in an army , and not wearing uniforms to identify them as combatants , attacked occupying troops by ambushes , surprises , and sniping . Conducting such operations out of uniform was considered perfidy , and those involved could be executed . Occupying armies sometimes responded to such attacks by reprisals against the local population : execution of local inhabitants , whether known to be guerrillas or not , or destruction ( usually by burning ) of homes and other structures . German army doctrine in force at the time called for such reprisals to be performed immediately and severely in any case of civilian resistance . It was argued that such schrecklichkeit would end resistance quickly with relatively little bloodshed , whereas restraint would encourage resistance , leading to greater destruction and death . When Germany invaded Belgium in 1914 , the German high command expected to sweep through the country with negligible opposition . The German army was many times larger and stronger than the Belgian army , and the Germans therefore thought that any resistance by Belgium would be futile . German leaders had even suggested to the Belgian government that in the event of war , the Belgians should just line up along the roads and watch the Germans march through . Belgium 's refusal to accept these German presumptions and its resistance to the German advance came as a surprise , and disrupted the German timetable for advancing into France . This frustration was communicated to the German troops in Belgium . Anything which delayed the German advance was to be crushed mercilessly . The Belgians were viewed as irrational and even treacherous for their opposition . This led to exaggerated suspicions among German commanders of Belgian civilian resistance . It is possible that some Belgian civilians engaged in resistance , though none is documented . It is certain that on several occasions , German commanders declared ( probably in unconscious error ) that such acts had occurred when they had not . The Germans responded to these perceived acts of resistance with harsh measures . In several villages and towns , hundreds of civilians were executed . Many buildings were put to the torch . Priests thought guilty of encouraging the resistance were killed . Violence by German soldiers against Belgians , such as rape , was ignored or not seriously punished . The Belgian city of Leuven was largely destroyed . One German officer later wrote about the town , `` We shall wipe it out ... Not one stone will stand upon another . We will teach them to respect Germany . For generations people will come here and see what we have done '' . These actions , taken in a period of near-panic as the German forces desperately tried to carry out their flanking march before Allied forces could respond , proved to be a propaganda disaster for Germany . The reports of them caused a wave of indignation which aided the Allied cause .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe8329634e7d94a212acc277ce0b392b", "text": "Belgian nobility The Belgian nobility comprises individuals and their families recognized by the Kingdom of Belgium as members of a class of persons officially enjoying hereditary privileges , which distinguishes them from other persons and families .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a899b245c59291b8de29ab9d153fd247", "text": "Schleswig-Holstein Question The Schleswig-Holstein Question ( Schleswig-Holsteinische Frage Spørgsmålet om Sønderjylland og Holsten ) was a complex set of diplomatic and other issues arising in the 19th century from the relations of two duchies , Schleswig ( Sønderjylland / Slesvig ) and Holstein ( Holsten ) , to the Danish crown and to the German Confederation . The British statesman Lord Palmerston is reported to have said : `` Only three people have ever really understood the Schleswig-Holstein business -- the Prince Consort , who is dead -- a German professor , who has gone mad -- and I , who have forgotten all about it . '' Schleswig was a part of Denmark during the Viking Age , and became a Danish duchy in the 12th century . Denmark repeatedly tried to reintegrate the Duchy of Schleswig into the Danish kingdom . On March 27 , 1848 , Frederick VII of Denmark announced to the people of Schleswig the promulgation of a liberal constitution under which the duchy , while preserving its local autonomy , would become an integral part of Denmark . This led to an open uprising by Schleswig-Holstein 's large German majority in support of independence from Denmark and of close association with the German Confederation . The military intervention of the Kingdom of Prussia supported the uprising : the Prussian army drove Denmark 's troops from Schleswig and Holstein in the First Schleswig War of 1848 -- 1851 . The second attempt to reintegrate the Duchy of Schleswig into the Danish kingdom , initiated by the signing by King Christian IX of Denmark of the November Constitution in 1863 , was seen as a violation of the London Protocol and led to the Second Schleswig War of 1864 . Even though Schleswig , Holstein , and Denmark had all had the same hereditary ruler for some centuries , the inheritance rules in the three territories were not quite the same . The Dukedoms of Schleswig and Holstein were inherited under the Salic law which ignored females : the Kingdom of Denmark had a slightly different inheritance law which included male heirs inheriting through the female line . In the 19th century this slight difference in inheritance law meant that when the childless King Frederick VII of Denmark died the Kingdom of Denmark would be separated from the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein because one man would inherit the Kingship and another the Dukedoms , as happened on the death of Frederick in 1863 . The central question was whether the duchy of Schleswig was or was not an integral part of the dominions of the Danish crown , with which it had been associated in the Danish monarchy for centuries or whether Schleswig should , together with Holstein , become an independent part of the German Confederation . Schleswig itself was a fiefdom of Denmark , as the duchy of Holstein had been a fief of the Holy Roman Empire until 1806 , and become a component state of the German Confederation with the Danish king as duke . This involved the question , raised by the death of the last common male heir to both Denmark and the two duchies , as to the proper succession in the duchies , and the constitutional questions arising out of the relations of the duchies to the Danish crown , to each other , and of Holstein to the German Confederation . Much of the history of Schleswig-Holstein has a bearing on this question : see history of Schleswig-Holstein for details . Following the defeat of Germany in World War I , the Danish majority area of Northern Schleswig was finally unified with Denmark after two plebiscites organised by the Allied powers . A small minority of ethnic Germans still lives in Northern Schleswig , while a Danish minority remains in South Schleswig .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6faf21cf7dfb6678b31caf4c9c722cc0", "text": "White settlement in Zimbabwe before 1923 White people first came to the region in southern Africa today called Zimbabwe in the 16th century , when Portuguese colonials ventured inland from Mozambique and attacked the Kingdom of Mutapa , which then controlled an area roughly equivalent to eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique . Portuguese influence over Mutapa endured for about two centuries before fading away during the 1690s and early 1700s ( decade ) . During the 1880s and 1890s , the British South Africa Company initiated colonisation by whites , backed by a royal charter from Britain 's Queen Victoria : company rule over the country began in 1890 , when the Pioneer Column marched to Mashonaland , founded Fort Salisbury and settled in the area . The company domain was named `` Rhodesia '' after its founder , Cecil Rhodes , in 1895 ; the portion south of the Zambezi became officially called Southern Rhodesia in 1898 . Concurrently with the expiry of the company 's charter in 1923 , Southern Rhodesia was granted responsible government by Britain , and became a self-governing colony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb5e330db2ccf59809329e02a534845a", "text": "Caroline Lacroix Blanche Zélia Joséphine Delacroix , better known as Caroline Lacroix ( 13 May 1883 -- 12 February 1948 ) was the most prominent and notorious of Leopold II of Belgium 's mistresses . Delacroix , who was of French origin , met the king in Paris as a young girl , when she was only 16 and he was 65 . At that time , she earned her living as a prostitute . They soon embarked upon a relationship that was to last until his death in 1909 . Leopold lavished upon her large sums of money , estates , gifts , and a noble title , Baroness Vaughan . Because of these presents , Caroline was deeply unpopular both among the Belgian people and internationally , as Leopold became increasingly criticized for his greed-induced actions in the Congo Free State , his own personal colony . As Caroline largely profited off the income from the colony , she became known as La reine du Congo ( `` the Queen of Congo '' ) . She and Leopold married in a religious ceremony five days before his death , though their failure to perform a civil ceremony rendered the marriage void under Belgian law . After the king 's death , it was soon discovered that he had left Caroline numerous properties , items of high material value , Congolese bonds , and other valuable sources of income -- all of which turned her into a multimillionaire . For years the Belgian government and Leopold 's three estranged daughters attempted to recover some of this wealth , with their success varying depending on the case . Caroline died on 12 February 1948 in Cambo-les-Bains , France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61d54c4955a269bbb36e514425fcbd95", "text": "Political parties in Belgium Belgium is a federal state with a multi-party political system , with numerous parties who factually have no chance of gaining power alone , and therefore must work with each other to form coalition governments . Almost all Belgian political parties are divided into linguistic groups , either Dutch-speaking parties ( see also political parties in Flanders ) , Francophone parties or Germanophone parties . The Flemish parties operate in Flanders and in the Brussels-Capital Region . The Francophone parties operate in Wallonia and in the Brussels-Capital Region . There are also parties operating in the comparatively small German-speaking community . No party family has a realistic chance of winning enough seats to govern alone , let alone win an outright majority . Political parties are thus organised along community lines , especially for the three main communities . There are no representative parties active in both communities . Even in Brussels , all parties presenting candidates are either Flemish parties , or French-speaking . As such , the internal organisation of the political parties reflects the fundamentally dual nature of Belgian society . There are no significant parties left who exist , or operate on a national , Belgian level . From the creation of the Belgian state in 1830 and throughout most of the 19th century , two political parties dominated Belgian politics : the Catholic Party ( Church-oriented and conservative ) and the Liberal Party ( anti-clerical and progressive ) . In the late 19th century the Labour Party arose to represent the emerging industrial working class . These three groups still dominate Belgian politics , but they have evolved substantially in character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "610105265c0a67141a2cffcc5ee008ec", "text": "History of Austria The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states , from the early Stone Age to the present state . The name Ostarrîchi ( Austria ) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy ( later archduchy ) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ( Heiliges Römisches Reich 962 -- 1806 ) . Austria was dominated by the House of Habsburg ( Haus Österreich ) from 1273 to 1806 , when the Holy Roman Empire came to an end . Austria then became the Austrian Empire , a part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 , which Austria lost and was subsequently excluded from German affairs . In 1867 Austria formed with Hungary as a dual monarchy the Austro-Hungarian Empire ( 1867 -- 1918 ) . When this empire collapsed after the end of World War I in 1918 , Austria was reduced to the main German speaking areas of the empire ( its current frontiers ) , and adopted the name The Republic of German-Austria , with hope of joining the new German Weimar Republic . However the union and name were forbidden by the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles . This led to the creation of the First Austrian Republic ( 1918-1933 ) . Following the First Republic , Austrofascism tried to keep Austria independent from the German Reich . Engelbert Dollfuss accepted that Austrians were Germans but wanted Austria to remain independent from a Protestant Germany . In 1938 Austrian-born Adolf Hitler annexed Austria to the German Reich with the Anschluss , which was supported by a large majority of the Austrian people . After the Second World War Austria again became an independent republic as the Second Republic in 1955 and joined the European Union in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cedb4667277b97eca9f90546b6f327a5", "text": "Belgium Belgium ( -LSB- ˈbɛldʒəm -RSB- België -LSB- ˈbɛlɣijə -RSB- ; Belgique -LSB- bɛlʒik -RSB- ; Belgien -LSB- ˈbɛlɡi̯ən -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of 30528 km2 and has a population of about 11 million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch-speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the French-speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany . Historically , Belgium , the Netherlands and Luxembourg ( along with parts of Northern France and Western Germany ) were known as the Low Countries ; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states . The region was called Belgica in Latin , after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica . From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century , the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture . From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830 , when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands , the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers , causing it to be dubbed the `` Battlefield of Europe , '' a reputation strengthened by both world wars . Today , Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . It is divided into three regions and three communities , that exist next to each other . Its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia . The Brussels-Capital Region is an officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) enclave within the Flemish Region . A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments . Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and , during the course of the 20th century , possessed a number of colonies in Africa . The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia . This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms , resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993 . Despite the reforms , tensions between the groups have remained , if not increased ; there is significant separatism particularly among the Flemish ; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities ; and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election , a world record . Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union and hosts the official seats of the European Commission , Council of the European Union , and European Council , as well as a seat of the European Parliament in the country 's capital , Brussels . Belgium is also a founding member of the Eurozone , NATO , OECD and WTO , and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union . Its capital , Brussels , hosts several of the EU 's official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO.Belgium is a member of , or affiliated to , many international organizations , including ACCT , AfDB , AsDB , Australia Group , Benelux , BIS , CCC , CE , CERN , EAPC , EBRD , EIB , EMU , ESA , EU , FAO , G-10 , IAEA , IBRD , ICAO , ICC , ICRM , IDA , IDB , IEA , IFAD , IFC , IFRCS , IHO , ILO , IMF , IMO , IMSO , Intelsat , Interpol , IOC , IOM , ISO , ITU , MONUC ( observers ) , NATO , NEA , NSG , OAS ( observer ) , OECD , OPCW , OSCE , PCA , UN , UNCTAD , UNECE , UNESCO , UNHCR , UNIDO , UNMIK , UNMOGIP , UNRWA , UNTSO , UPU , WADB ( non-regional ) , WEU , WHO , WIPO , WMO , WTrO , ZC . Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area . Belgium is a developed country , with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as `` very high '' in the Human Development Index .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8f4ffebc7194a89eca03319b50b852", "text": "1910s The 1910s ( pronounced `` nineteen-tens '' , also abbreviated as the `` teens '' ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1910 , and ended on December 31 , 1919 . The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th century . The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade , as well as the legacy of military alliances , was forever changed by the assassination , on June 28 , 1914 , of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne . The murder triggered a chain of events in which , within 33 days , World War I broke out in Europe on August 1 , 1914 . The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 11 , 1918 , leading to the controversial , one-sided Treaty of Versailles , which was signed on June 28 , 1919 . The war 's end triggered the abdication of various monarchies and the collapse of five of the last modern empires of Russia , Germany , China , Ottoman Turkey and Austria-Hungary , with the latter splintered into Austria , Hungary , southern Poland ( who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia ) , Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia , as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia . However , each of these states ( with the possible exception of Yugoslavia ) had large German and Hungarian minorities , there creating some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades . ( See Dissolution of Austro-Hungarian Empire : Successor States for better description of composition of names of successor countries/states following the splinter . ) The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries . The Mexican Revolution spearheaded the trend in November 1910 , which led to the ousting of dictator Porfirio Diaz , developing into a violent civil war that dragged on until mid-1920 , not long after a new Mexican Constitution was signed and ratified . Russia also had a similar fate , since World War I led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos . This atmosphere encouraged the establishment of Bolshevism , which was later renamed as communism . Like the Mexican Revolution , the Russian Revolution of 1917 , known as the October Revolution , immediately turned to Russian Civil War that dragged until approximately late 1922 . Much of the music in these years was ballroom-themed . Many of the fashionable restaurants were equipped with dance floors . Prohibition in the United States began January 16 , 1919 , with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "841c89e7f52b9a5853e1b671006f5cfa", "text": "Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) The Republic of the Congo ( République du Congo ) was a sovereign state in Central Africa that was created with the independence of the Belgian Congo in 1960 . From 1960-1966 , the country was often known as Congo-Léopoldville ( after its capital ) in order to distinguish it from its north-western neighbour , also called the Republic of the Congo or Congo-Brazzaville . With the renaming of Léopoldville as Kinshasa on 1 June 1966 , it was known as Congo-Kinshasa until 1971 . On 1 August 1964 , the state 's official name was changed to Democratic Republic of the Congo . In 1971 , the state 's name changed to Zaire . The period between 1960 and 1965 is referred to as the First Congolese Republic , and the current Democratic Republic of the Congo is the Third Republic . Unrest and rebellion continued to plague the government until 1965 , when Lieutenant General Joseph Désiré Mobutu , now commander-in-chief of the national army , seized control of the country . Mobutu changed the country 's name to Zaire in 1971 and remained its president until 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8974f8fd56c39b272ff6e5050c38f033", "text": "International African Association The International African Association ( Association internationale africaine ) was a front organization established by the guests at the Brussels Geographic Conference of 1876 , an event hosted by King Leopold II of Belgium . The Association was used by King Leopold ostensibly to further his altruistic and humanitarian projects in the area of Central Africa , the area that was to become Leopold 's privately controlled Congo Free State . King Leopold volunteered space in Brussels for the International African Association 's headquarters , and there were to be national committees of the association set up in all the participating countries , as well as an international committee . Leopold was elected by acclamation as the international committee 's first chairman , but said that he would serve for one year only so that the chairmanship could rotate among people from different countries . The new body was welcomed throughout Europe ( contributions were sent by the Rothschilds and Viscount Ferdinand de Lesseps ) and the national committees were to be headed by grand dukes , princes , and other royals , but most of them never got off the ground . The international committee met once in the following year , reelected Leopold as chairman , despite his earlier pledge not to serve again , and then disintegrated . Nevertheless , thanks to the Association , Leopold succeeded in his goal of convincing the Belgian people and the major powers of Europe that his interest in Africa was purely altruistic and humanitarian-oriented . The Association was succeeded by the short-lived Committee for Studies of the Upper Congo , and the International Association of the Congo , which eventually dissolved when Leopold named his colony the Congo Free State .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c78209fe1aeaa642db3a7d80e83d7a9", "text": "United Nations Operation in the Congo Organisation des Nations Unies au Congo , abbreviated ONUC ( English : United Nations Organization in the Congo ) , was a United Nations peacekeeping force in Congo that was established after United Nations Security Council Resolution 143 of 14 July 1960 . In 1963 the name changed to Opération des Nations Unies au Congo , retaining the same abbreviation . To generalise , the mission was a response to the Congo Crisis . ONUC was the UN 's first peacekeeping mission with a significant military force , but has been described as a `` pyrrhic victory at best . '' Following Security Council actions , the United Nations Organization in the Congo ( ONUC ) was established . To carry out these tasks , the Secretary-General set up a United Nations Force -- at its peak strength numbering nearly 20,000 . The UN Force stayed in the Congo between 1960 and 1964 , and underwent a transition from a peacekeeping presence to a military force . ONUC 's main goals stayed consistent from the first to fifth resolution . It featured the double purpose of withdrawing Belgian military personnel ( later expanding to mercenaries ) and providing military assistance to ensure internal stability . The successive Security Council resolutions added to and elaborated on the initial mandate but did not fundamentally change the operation 's objectives . These were especially significant because Belgium 's invasion violated the norm of sovereignty , and the second objective was set to prevent the country from becoming a Cold War client state . The first troops reached Congo on 15 July 1960 , many airlifted in by the United States Air Force as part of Operation New Tape . Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba , dissatisfied with Dag Hammarskjöld 's refusal to use UN troops to subdue the insurrection in Katanga , decided to attempt an invasion of Katanga on his own and turned to the Soviet Union for help . The invasion attempt never reached Katanga but led to dissension within the Central Government , the collapse of the Central Government , and eventually to Lumumba 's arrest in December and execution in Katanga in February 1961 . Only then did the United Nations Security Council explicitly authorize the use of force for purposes beyond self-defense .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c7516f51cb35d10d943fb62442671b3", "text": "Leo Mechelin Leopold ( Leo ) Henrik Stanislaus Mechelin ( born 24 November 1839 , Hamina , Finland -- 26 January 1914 , Helsinki , Finland ) was a Finnish professor , statesman , senator and liberal reformer . A leading defender of the autonomy of the Grand Duchy of Finland , and of the rights of women and minorities , Mechelin 's 1905 -- 1908 government ( `` Mechelin 's Senate '' ) made Finland the first nation in the world with the universal right to vote and to be elected . During his period in office the freedom of expression , the press , and of assembly were introduced . He also founded the Liberal Party of Finland ( 1880 -- 1885 ) , wrote its program , was one of the founders of the Union Bank of Finland 1862 ( now part of Nordea Bank ) and co-founded the Nokia Company ( 1871 ) with Fredrik Idestam , was the first chairman of the town council of Helsinki ( 1875 -- 1876 and 1892 -- 1899 ) and an internationally respected expert on politology and member of peace movement . Emperor Alexander II ennobled Mechelin 1876 . Mechelin led the passive resistance in Finland during the first period of oppression ( 1899 -- 1905 ) until and even after his banishment ( 1903 ) , from which officials had to let him return as a member of parliament ( House of Nobles ) 1904 , welcomed by a celebrating crowd of 10,000 people . In a secret meeting of the Kagaali , Mechelin had written a petition against the draft of Finns to the Russian army , which collected almost 500,000 signatures . His coalition , the Constitutionals , managed to end the draft through boycott . Born in Hamina in 1839 , the son of Gustaf Johan Mechelin and Amanda Gustava Costiander , Leo Mechelin studied at the University of Helsinki , gaining his Bachelor 's and Master 's degree 's in Philosophy in 1860 , a bachelor 's degree in law in 1864 , and a License and Doctorate in 1873 . As professor of jurisdiction and politology 1874-82 , Mechelin had argued that the tsars were bound by the old constitutional laws from the time of the Swedish rule of Finland ( before 1809 ) , and hence affirmed that Finland was a separate , constitutional state , which the tsar could only rule by law , whereas in Russia he had absolute power . During the periods of oppression , the tsar tried to impose unconstitutional laws , which Mechelin opposed . The unrests in Russia and Finland ( 1905 ) finally compelled the tsar to comply with the November Manifesto written by Mechelin . This allowed Mechelin to form a government ( 1905 -- 1908 ) and to transform Finland into what was in many respects the first liberal democracy ( e.g. , in New Zealand women already had the right to vote but not to be voted ; in Australia only white people had those rights ) in 1906 . In 1907 , the first universal elections to the one-chamber parliament ( `` eduskunta '' ) were held , and 19 of its 200 first members were women . However , the constitutionals of all parties did not obtain the majority of seats , and the tsar realised that he could carry on with the oppression , starting the second period of oppression ( 1908 -- 1917 ) . After Mechelin 's death ( in 1914 ) , the two revolutions in Russia allowed Finland to declare its independence ( 1917 ) and Mechelin 's younger co-workers were able to complete his work . Nokia , once a world-leading mobile phone corporation , was founded by Mechelin and his student days ' roommate Fredrik Idestam as a forestry company . Later Mechelin 's wish to expand into the electricity business were at first thwarted by Idestam 's opposition , but Mechelin managed to convince most shareholders of his plans and became the company chairman ( 1898 -- 1914 ) , thus being able to realise his visions . Mechelin was also active in civil society and President of the current University of Art and Design Helsinki and of the Finnish Art Society . As a politician he was always highly respected among all parties and citizens , although after the dissolution of the Liberal Party ( 1885 ) he never joined any other party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b94de28bf7f6a99d12fe0c57f069e1b", "text": "Spanish Netherlands Spanish Netherlands ( Países Bajos españoles Spaanse Nederlanden ) ; Pays-Bas espagnols ) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries , held in personal union by the Spanish Crown ( also called Habsburg Spain ) from 1581 to 1714 . This region comprised most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg , as well as parts of northern France and western Germany . The capital was Brussels . The Imperial fiefs of the former Burgundian Netherlands had been inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg from the extinct House of Valois-Burgundy upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482 . The Seventeen Provinces formed the core of the Habsburg Netherlands which passed to the Spanish Habsburgs upon the abdication of Emperor Charles V in 1556 . When part of the Netherlands separated to form the autonomous Dutch Republic in 1581 , the remainder of the area stayed under Spanish rule until the War of the Spanish Succession .", "title": "" } ]	fever
925b8823eeefa29b0dfe6ab9caee1367	Planet of the Apes did not earn a lifetime domestic gross of $32.6 million.	[ { "docid": "f8ff89d49a4352fbbaa52d660f14cd3a", "text": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox . The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins . The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million . The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films ( absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius ) , and also in the television series . The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa64471bce2d6d0dbe71865db1e0c8a3", "text": "Going Ape Going Ape is a British Television docu-soap program that is aired on the Animal Planet . The television series first aired on Tuesday 21 November 2006 at the weekly time of 21:00 running a total of thirteen episodes . The series is now in re-runs and has an irregular running format . It follows the story of 50 Chimpanzees , 26 Gorillas , seven Baboons and four Mandrills who have been orphaned by the bush meat trade in Cameroon showing the vital work of the Mefou National Park and the Limbe Wildlife Centre along with Ape Action Africa ( formerly the Cameroon Wildlife Aid Fund ) and `` In Defence of Animals - Africa '' , two charities that are dedicated to saving the primates in the region . Its narrator was Charlotte Uhlenbrook", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2de615d218764aca1039ae71fbcd70db", "text": "20th Satellite Awards The 20th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year 's outstanding performers , films , and television shows , presented by the International Press Academy . It took place on February 21 , 2016 . The nominations were announced on December 1 , 2015 . The film The Martian leads all nominees with nine , including Best Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aef5bac27fc3942eaafaca504a8212b", "text": "List of Planet of the Apes characters The Planet of the Apes franchise features many characters that appear in one or more works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62eeab70dbf5974f29f9e6b603f020f5", "text": "Planet of the Apes (disambiguation) Planet of the Apes is a film and media franchise involving a world where humans and intelligent apes clash for control . Planet of the Apes may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c49ef207a49b304b055726ca09fc70b", "text": "The New Adventures of Tarzan The New Adventures of Tarzan is a 1935 American film serial in 12 chapters starring Herman Brix . The serial is a more authentic version of the character than most other adaptations , with Tarzan as a cultured and well educated gentleman as in the original Edgar Rice Burroughs novels . It was filmed during the same period as the Johnny Weissmuller/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan films . Film exhibitors had the choice of selecting the serial or the episodes edited into two separate films , The New Adventures of Tarzan and Tarzan and the Green Goddess . The serial was filmed in Guatemala , and Tarzan was played by Herman Brix ( known post-war as Bruce Bennett ) . The final screenplay was credited to Charles F. Royal , and from Episode 6 onward , also Basil Dickey . It was produced by Ashton Dearholt , Bennett Cohen and George W. Stout under the corporate name of `` Burroughs-Tarzan Enterprises , Inc. '' ( which also distributed ) and was directed by Edward Kull and Wilbur F. McGaugh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95194b35264b13ce4c641a37cf05894f", "text": "Gladiators of Rome (2012 film) Gladiators of Rome ( Italian : Gladiatori di Roma ) , also known as Not Born to Be Gladiators and referred to in marketing as Gladiators of Rome 3D , is a 2012 Italian computer-animated comedy film produced by Rainbow CGI and released by Medusa Film . It is directed by Iginio Straffi , and was opened in Italy on October 2012 and was later released across Europe and the Americas . Produced on a budget of $ 45 million , it is one of the most expensive Italian films ever made . The film grossed between $ 10 million and $ 50 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "262aa22ba63a1cb8d44fdee0644375e4", "text": "Man vs. Beast Man vs. Beast is a series of sensationalistic television specials aired in the United States by the Fox television network . The shows were produced by Brian Richardson and directed by Bob Levy . They involve a variety of challenges in which people and animals compete against each other . Although the initial special , Man vs. Beast , was heavily panned by critics and animal rights groups , Fox commissioned a sequel , Man vs. Beast 2 , which aired on February 20 , 2004 . In 2003 , ITV commissioned Granada Productions to re-create the American special for British audiences . A six-part series was filmed , hosted by John Fashanu . However , owing to heavy lobbying by animal rights groups , transmission of the series was postponed indefinitely .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8786c3c2047f9f315f2d7c1b692a700b", "text": "War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson , Steve Zahn , Amiah Miller , Karin Konoval and Terry Notary . Principal photography began on October 14 , 2015 , in Vancouver . The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d1a7a38d025df2514840d07c25010e9d	James Mangold is the director of a 2017 American superhero movie.	[ { "docid": "2e695829610928aabff632490b2b61b5", "text": "James Mangold James Mangold ( born December 16 , 1963 ) is an American film and television director , screenwriter and producer . Films he has directed include Walk the Line , which he also co-wrote ; The Wolverine ; Logan ; Cop Land ; Girl , Interrupted ; Knight and Day ; and the 2007 remake 3:10 to Yuma . He also produced and directed pilots for the television series Men in Trees ( which ran from 2006 to 2008 ) NYC 22 ( 2011 -- 2012 ) and Vegas ( 2012 -- 2013 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab8abe4b130d9171a4f33a307c6139b9", "text": "Logan (film) Logan is a 2017 American superhero film featuring the Marvel Comics character Wolverine , produced by Marvel Entertainment , TSG Entertainment , and The Donners ' Company , and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It is the tenth installment in the X-Men film series , as well as the third and final Wolverine solo film following X-Men Origins : Wolverine ( 2009 ) and The Wolverine ( 2013 ) , as well serving as a reboot to the franchise and being set in its own universe . The film takes inspiration from `` Old Man Logan '' by Mark Millar and Steve McNiven , which follows an aged Wolverine undertaking a final adventure in a dystopian future . The film is directed by James Mangold , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scott Frank and Michael Green , from a story by Mangold . Hugh Jackman stars as Logan in his final portrayal of the character after having played the role for 17 years , with Patrick Stewart co-starring as Charles Xavier . Richard E. Grant , Boyd Holbrook , Stephen Merchant , Dafne Keen ( in her first film role ) , Eriq La Salle , Elise Neal and Elizabeth Rodriguez are all featured in supporting roles . Principal photography began in Louisiana on May 2 , 2016 and ended on August 19 , 2016 in New Mexico . The locations used for Logan were mainly Louisiana , New Mexico and Mississippi . Logan premiered at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival on February 17 , 2017 , and was theatrically released in the United States on March 3 , 2017 , in standard and IMAX formats . It received praise from critics and audiences , becoming the best-reviewed film in the X-Men film series and being considered by many as one of the best superhero films of all time , and has grossed $ 607 million worldwide against its $ 97 million budget , making it the fourth highest-grossing film of 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "994ebdcd17f445dfe338f5a4a132150c", "text": "The Extendables The Extendables ( also known as Action Hero ) is a 2014 American parody film directed by Brian Thompson . The film is a parody of The Expendables and similar action movies . The director , Brian Thompson said it contained actual events he had witnessed . The film was released on iTunes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c83d52817cee10fc9beca13595b2372", "text": "Kingsman: The Golden Circle Kingsman : The Golden Circle is an upcoming 2017 British-American action spy comedy-drama film directed by Matthew Vaughn , and is the sequel to 2015 film Kingsman : The Secret Service . The series is based on the comic book The Secret Service , created by Dave Gibbons and Mark Millar . The film stars Colin Firth , Julianne Moore , Taron Egerton , Mark Strong , Halle Berry , Elton John , Channing Tatum and Jeff Bridges , and is scheduled to be released on 22 September 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c97cfb845c1f466d300a36c0b54caa0", "text": "Precious Cargo (film) Precious Cargo is a 2016 Canadian action film directed by Max Adams , co-written by Adams and Paul V. Seetachitt , and starring Mark-Paul Gosselaar and Bruce Willis , alongside a supporting cast featuring Claire Forlani , John Brotherton , Lydia Hull , and Daniel Bernhardt . The film was released on April 22 , 2016 , by Lionsgate Premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8fea44713efced5901aa82aadf13f3", "text": "First Kill (2017 film) First Kill is an upcoming American action thriller film directed by Steven C. Miller and written by Nick Gordon . The film stars Bruce Willis and Hayden Christensen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "976a6897e1515889c559516762604794", "text": "The Atoning The Atoning is a 2017 American supernatural horror independent film . It was written and directed by Michael Williams , his second feature film following 2014 's OzLand and his first horror film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e887c7d720cc21d266e943d9c968ce", "text": "Lethal Weapon (franchise) Lethal Weapon is an American buddy cop action comedy franchise created by Shane Black that focuses on two Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) detectives , Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh . The franchise consists of four films released during the 1980s and 1990s , as well as a television series in 2016 . All four films in the series were directed by Richard Donner and also share many of the same core cast members , while the television series recast the main roles with younger actors instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "478a607f18f102a18f9fd18fb6ca38b9", "text": "Iron Man: Rise of Technovore is a direct-to-video anime film by Madhouse that follows up on the Marvel Anime series . It is directed by Hiroshi Hamasaki , an anime director best known for works like Shigurui : Death Frenzy and Texhnolyze , and based on a story written by Brandon Auman . Matthew Mercer and Norman Reedus voiced Tony Stark and Punisher respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130ff33105dd96a7b9eb7ff322098d45", "text": "Batwing (Marvel Comics) Batwing ( James `` Jimmy '' Santini ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0da34b1823e080554d8fa6cdb92a69b", "text": "Masterpiece (2017 Film) MasterPiece is an Indian Malayalam cinema film Directed by Ajai Vasudev . It is a mass thriller movie . It is the second time Mammootty and Ajai Vasudev joins . It is there second venture after RajadhiRaja . Mammootty is appearing as a college professor in this movie and is a strict professor . The main location of the movie is Kollam . The movie is scripted by Udayakrishna after Pulimurugan . The shooting has started on 17 April 2017 . Stunts are choreographed by Stunt Silva and Anal Arasu", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65ebd0392276574d940e2d2de1ae1fae", "text": "The Hitman's Bodyguard The Hitman 's Bodyguard is an upcoming American action comedy film directed by Patrick Hughes and written by Tom O'Connor . The film stars Ryan Reynolds , Samuel L. Jackson , Gary Oldman , Élodie Yung and Salma Hayek . The plot follows a bodyguard who is hired to protect a hitman who has to testify at the International Court of Justice . It is scheduled to be released in the United States on August 18 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbdf564ca2264907ce793fef0385720d", "text": "The New Avengers (comics) The New Avengers is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The title has been used for four American comic book series . The first two were written by Brian Michael Bendis and depicted a version of Marvel 's premiere superhero team , the Avengers . The third was written by Jonathan Hickman and depicted a group of characters called the Illuminati ( formerly introduced in New Avengers Vol . 1 # 7 -LSB- July 2005 -RSB- ) . The fourth is written by Al Ewing and depicts the former scientific terrorist group A.I.M. , reformed as `` Avengers Idea Mechanics '' , whose field team has appropriated the name `` New Avengers '' for itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d3b270bef52e990563ef23ea24cabce", "text": "Batman: Year One (film) Batman : Year One is a 2011 animated superhero film , based on the four-issue story arc of the same name printed in 1987 . It premiered at Comic-Con on July 22 and was officially released October 18 , 2011 . The film was directed by Lauren Montgomery and Sam Liu . It is the 12th film released under the DC Universe Animated Original Movies banner , and was released on DVD , Blu-ray , and Digital copy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3658695b4536122add44abc790afcf5", "text": "Slither (2006 film) Slither is a 2006 American science fiction-comedy horror film written and directed by James Gunn in his directoral debut , and starring Nathan Fillion , Elizabeth Banks , Gregg Henry , and Michael Rooker . The film was produced by Paul Brooks and Eric Newman . The film has similar themes and concepts as the 1986 B-movie Night of the Creeps . Slither was a box office bomb , but received generally positive reviews from critics and has since become a cult film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fefdfbe184d8640dd5fa6b60d73c2f7", "text": "This Is the End This Is the End is a 2013 American disaster comedy film directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and stars Rogen , James Franco , Jonah Hill , Jay Baruchel , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Michael Cera and Emma Watson . The story features real life actors playing fictionalized versions of themselves in the aftermath of a global biblical apocalypse . The film premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3 , 2013 and was released in the United States on June 14 , 2013 by Columbia Pictures , before being re-released on September 6 , 2013 . The film grossed $ 126 million on a $ 32 million budget . The film makes references to the past movies of the cast , including Spider-Man , Million Dollar Baby , Forrest Gump , Superbad , Pineapple Express , Moneyball , Your Highness , The Green Hornet , 127 Hours and the Harry Potter film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da106573fbb7e2da01294c803954d891", "text": "Allied (film) Allied is a 2016 romantic thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight . It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter and collaborator , who fall in love during a mission in Casablanca . Jared Harris , Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star . Principal photography began in February 2016 in London . The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2016 by Paramount Pictures , receiving mixed reviews from critics , although Pitt and particularly Cotillard 's performances were praised , and grossed $ 119 million worldwide . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c75f70c32ea54b77cbe77e2ae3ad18a", "text": "Captain Marvel (Marvel Comics) Captain Marvel is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Most of these versions exist in Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8dd8efb193f5d8a5c1f550dca106011", "text": "Mother! Mother ! ( stylized as mother ! ) is an upcoming American black comedy psychological thriller film , written and directed by Darren Aronofsky . It stars Jennifer Lawrence , Javier Bardem , Michelle Pfeiffer , Domhnall Gleeson , Ed Harris and Kristen Wiig . Paramount Pictures plans to release the film on October 13 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "680fe540bec39182a0f0eaba1f7b0dfa", "text": "Sleight Sleight is a 2016 American drama film about a street magician in Los Angeles . The film is directed by J.D. Dillard , written by Dillard and Alex Theurer and stars Jacob Latimore , Seychelle Gabriel , Dulé Hill , Storm Reid , Sasheer Zamata and Michael Villar . The film was released on April 28 , 2017 , by WWE Studios and BH Tilt . The film received positive reviews from critics and has grossed $ 3 million worldwide , against its $ 250,000 budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22537c7a86cc33336310f82156fd5d39", "text": "Baby Driver Baby Driver is a 2017 British -- American action comedy film written and directed by Edgar Wright , and starring Ansel Elgort , Kevin Spacey , Lily James , Jon Bernthal , Eiza González , Jon Hamm and Jamie Foxx . The film follows a young getaway driver ( played by Elgort ) who is reluctantly coerced to work for a veteran kingpin ( played by Spacey ) at `` one last job '' in exchange to start a better life . The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 11 , 2017 and is scheduled to be released theatrically on June 28 , 2017 , by TriStar Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e66c4cdd530c3f706f78e31fd8167c0", "text": "Doga Film Project Doga , a famous Indian Superhero appearing in Raj Comics is about to come on bollywood screens . Film director Anurag Kashyap has recently expressed his interest in making such a movie , that will be the first Indian comic book superhero series which will have a big screen adaptation . Kashyap , had previously stated that he wanted to make a film on Doga . Currently the project is in starting process but it has been stated that the ground work will be started very soon . His production company phantom Films and Sony International will take care of the project . Madhu Mantena of Phantom films has recently said that she is happy to back Anurag 's vision of Doga for the film . It has been said that Anurag and Madhu will be working closely with Sanjay Gupta and Manish Gupta of Raj Comics for this project . Internationally the success of Marvel movies such as Iron Man and The Avengers have made this one of the most lucrative genres of film making .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0dcd2406172a77bce093dcd9d596b4f1	Steffi Graf was always last place in the world during her career.	[ { "docid": "628fa842fdfcce181163a1e7eb30c37b", "text": "Steffi Graf Stefanie Maria `` Steffi '' Graf ( -LSB- ˈʃtɛfiː ˈgʁa : f -RSB- ; born 14 June 1969 ) is a German former tennis player , who was ranked world No. 1 during her career . Graf won 22 Grand Slam singles titles . Her 22 singles titles put her second on the list of Major wins by a tennis player ( male or female ) since the introduction of the Open Era in 1968 and is third all-time behind Margaret Court ( 24 ) and Serena Williams ( 23 ) . In 1988 , she became the first and only tennis player ( male or female ) to achieve the Golden Slam by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year . Furthermore , she is the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times . Graf was ranked world No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) for a record 377 total weeks -- the longest period for which any player , male or female , has held the number-one ranking since the WTA and the Association of Tennis Professionals began issuing rankings . She won 107 singles titles , which ranks her third on the WTA 's all-time list after Martina Navratilova ( 167 titles ) and Chris Evert ( 157 titles ) . She and Margaret Court are the only players , male or female , to win three grand slams in a calendar year five times ( 1988 , 1989 , 1993 , 1995 and 1996 ) . Notable features of Graf 's game were her versatility across all playing surfaces , footwork and her powerful forehand drive . Graf won six French Open singles titles ( second to Evert ) , seven Wimbledon singles titles , four Australian Open titles , and five U.S. Open singles titles . She is the only singles player ( male or female ) to have achieved a Grand Slam since hard court was introduced as a surface at the US Open in 1978 . Consequently , Graf 's Grand Slam was achieved on grass , clay , and hard court while the previous five Grand Slams were decided on only grass and clay . Graf reached thirteen consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , from the 1987 French Open through to the 1990 French Open , winning nine of them . She won 5 consecutive Majors ( 1988 Australian Open to 1989 Australian Open ) , and seven Majors out of eight , in two calendar years ( 1988 Australian Open to 1989 US Open , except 1989 French Open ) . She reached a total of 31 Grand Slam singles finals . Graf is regarded by some to be the greatest female tennis player of all time . Navratilova included Graf on her list of great players . In 1999 Billie Jean King said `` Steffi is definitely the greatest women 's tennis player of all time '' . In December 1999 , Graf was named the greatest female tennis player of the 20th century by a panel of experts assembled by the Associated Press . Tennis writer Steve Flink , in his book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century , named her as the best female player of the 20th century . In March 2012 , Tennis Channel picked Graf as the greatest female tennis player ever in their list of 100 greatest tennis players of all time . Graf retired in 1999 while she was ranked World No. 3 . She married former World No. 1 men 's tennis player Andre Agassi in October 2001 . The couple has two children -- Jaden Gil and Jaz Elle . Graf was inducted into the Tennis Hall of Fame in 2004 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7eb2f5b9d14a84827312546480a53d12", "text": "Althea Gibson Althea Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 -- September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and the first black athlete to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first person of color to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Open ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals ( precursor of the U.S. Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including six doubles titles , and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . `` She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , '' said Robert Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . `` Martina could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . '' In the early 1960s she also became the first black player to compete on the women 's professional golf tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . `` Her road to success was a challenging one , '' said Billie Jean King , `` but I never saw her back down . '' `` To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were black , '' said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins . `` I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps , '' wrote Venus Williams . `` Her accomplishments set the stage for my success , and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come , her legacy will live on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7228f95a1b9b80d795a63cc6119cd2be", "text": "Clarisa Fernández Clarisa Fernández ( born 28 August 1981 ) is a retired Argentine tennis player who is best known for her semi-final appearance at the 2002 French Open , the first Argentine since Sabatini in 1992 to reach that stage . Fernández was ranked 87th in the world at the time of her shocking result . She defeated , in order : ( Q ) Lubomira Bacheva , Jelena Kostanić , Kim Clijsters , ( 13 ) Elena Dementieva , Paola Suárez , before losing to second-seeded Venus Williams in straight sets . . Fernández is a crafty left-handed player . She turned professional in 1998 , and did not have much success before her appearance at the French Open . She has six ITF titles to her name , including one in 2006 . Since 2003 , Fernández has been plagued with injuries . She has suffered from tendinitis in her left shoulder , an injury to her left wrist , and to her right knee . Fernández enjoys playing on hard and grass courts . She was coached by Leonardo Lerda . Her tennis inspirations are Pete Sampras and Martina Navratilova . In April 2008 , Fernández announced her retirement from professional tennis after a lengthy battle with knee injuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfb67860924ead9ea6eac0b744fb04f4", "text": "Advanta Championships of Philadelphia The Advanta Championships of Philadelphia ( also long known as the Virginia Slims of Philadelphia ) was a WTA Tour professional tennis tournament for women played from 1971 through 2005 in Philadelphia , United States . The tournament was classified on the WTA Tour as a Tier I event from 1993 through 1995 . It was classified as a Tier II event in 1991 , 1992 , and from 1996 through 2005 . The tournament was played indoors , on carpet from 1991 through 2000 and on hard courts from 1971 through 1979 and from 2003 through 2005 . Past singles champions include Conchita Martínez , Margaret Court , Chris Evert , Monica Seles , Steffi Graf , Martina Hingis , Lindsay Davenport , and Amélie Mauresmo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b10e37a853636308e073c959d372e1b", "text": "List of Olympic medalists in art competitions There were 146 medalists in the art competitions that were part of the Olympic Games from 1912 until 1948 . These art competitions were considered an integral part of the movement by International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) founder Pierre de Coubertin and necessary to recapture the complete essence of the Ancient Olympic Games . Their absence before the 1912 Summer Olympics , according to journalism professor Richard Stanton , stems from Coubertin `` not wanting to fragment the focus of his new and fragile movement '' . Art competitions were originally planned for inclusion in the 1908 Summer Olympics but were delayed after that edition 's change in venue from Rome to London following the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius . By the 1924 Summer Olympics they had grown to be considered internationally relevant and potentially `` a milestone in advancing public awareness of art as a whole '' . During their first three appearances , the art competitions were grouped into five broad categories : architecture , literature , music , painting , and sculpture . The Dutch Organizing Committee for the 1928 Summer Olympics split these into subcategories in the hopes of increasing participation . Although it was a successful strategy , the 1932 Summer Olympics eliminated several of these subcategories , which led to fewer entries in the broader categories . For the 1936 Summer Olympics , the German government proposed the addition of a film contest to the program , which was rejected . Following a final appearance at the 1948 Summer Olympics , art competitions were removed from the Olympic program . Planners of the 1952 Summer Olympics opposed their inclusion on logistical grounds , claiming that the lack of an international association for the event meant that the entire onus of facilitation was placed on the local organizing committee . Concerns were also raised about the professionalism of the event , since only amateurs were allowed to participate in the sporting tournaments , and the growing commercialization of the competitions , as artists had been permitted to sell their submissions during the course of the Games since 1928 . In 1952 an art festival and exhibition was held concurrent with the Games , a tradition that has been maintained in all subsequent Summer Olympics . The IOC does not track medalists in Olympic art competitions in its database and thus the prize winners are only officially recorded in the original Olympic reports . Judges were not required to distribute first , second , and third place awards for every category , and thus certain events lack medalists in these placements . Since participants were allowed multiple submissions , it was also possible for artists to win more than one in a single event , as Alex Diggelmann of Switzerland did in the graphic arts category of the 1948 edition . Diggelmann is tied with Denmark 's Josef Petersen , who won second prize three times in literature , for the amount of medals captured in the art competitions . Luxembourg 's Jean Jacoby is the only individual to win two gold medals , doing so in painting in 1924 and 1928 . Of the 146 medalists , 11 were women and only Finnish author Aale Tynni was awarded gold . Germany was the most successful nation , with eight gold , seven silver , and nine bronze medals , although one was won by Coubertin himself , a Frenchman . He submitted his poem Ode to Sport under the pseudonyms Georges Hohrod and Martin Eschbach , as if it were a joint-entry , and won first prize in the 1912 literature category . The original report credits this medal to Germany . Two individuals , Walter W. Winans and Alfréd Hajós , won medals in both athletic and art competitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60daab7b64cf701a810fa5177e1e018f", "text": "1998 Chase Championships The 1998 Chase Championships was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Madison Square Garden in New York City , New York in the United States . It was the 27th edition of the year-end singles championships , the 23rd edition of the year-end doubles championships , and was part of the 1998 WTA Tour . The tournament was held from November 16 through November 22 , 1998 . Martina Hingis won the singles title and earned $ 500,000 first-prize money . It was the last edition of the tournament to be played in the best-of-five-set format for the final which it had used since 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd6a2735331cfa97028d2bacf0cc43b0", "text": "Elly Hakami Elly Hakami ( born August 25 , 1969 ) was an American professional tennis player from the mid-1980s until 1997 . Hakami is from Tiburon , California near San Francisco and makes her home there today . She was ranked world No. 32 in 1988 . In 1987 , when she was ranked No. 44 , she played in the third round of the US Open and was beaten by Gabriela Sabatini . They had a re-match in 1989 in the Miami Masters , in which Hakami also lost . In 1987 Hakami played against the world 's highest ranking woman player , Martina Navratilova in Manhattan Beach , California . Although Hakami lost the match in straight sets , Navratilova said of Hakami , `` She 's a very good player . She seems to be very bright and she 's a lot better all-court player than I thought she would be . I thought she served well and she comes out tough . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6495f6f4cae128adc35060114155397", "text": "2001 WTA Tour Championships The 2001 WTA Tour Championships , also known by its sponsored name Sanex Championships , was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympiahalle in Munich , Germany . It was the 31st edition of the year-end singles championships , the 26th edition of the year-end doubles championships , and was part of the 2001 WTA Tour . The tournament was held between 30 October and 4 November 2001 . Seventh-seeded Serena Williams won the singles event after Lindsay Davenport defaulted the final due to a knee injury she sustained in her semifinal match . Davenport 's semifinal win ensured her the No. 1 year-end ranking . Williams earned $ 500,000 first-prize money as well as 390 ranking points . Venus Williams and Martina Hingis had qualified for the tournament but withdrew due to injuries while Monica Seles refused to play in Germany , the country where she was stabbed in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "933058697b5999db9f4c3fea7834a2ab", "text": "Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82fd1c24bf8e41c9faa320d19cafeae5", "text": "1997 French Open – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion , but she was knocked out in the quarterfinals by Amanda Coetzer . Iva Majoli won the title , defeating World No. 1 Martina Hingis in the final , 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 2 . This tournament was notable for being the first Grand Slam in which Venus Williams competed in the main draw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf06d4a2244fe323f604ed40d78f50f", "text": "Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games ( Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) is a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years . Unlike the Summer Olympics , the Winter Olympics feature sports practised on snow and ice . The first Winter Olympics , the 1924 Winter Olympics , was held in Chamonix , France . The original five sports ( broken into nine disciplines ) were bobsleigh , curling , ice hockey , Nordic skiing ( consisting of the disciplines military patrol , cross-country skiing , Nordic combined , and ski jumping ) , and skating ( consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating ) . The Games were held every four years from 1924 until 1936 , after which they were interrupted by World War II . The Olympics resumed in 1948 and was again held every four years . Until 1992 , the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years , but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years , the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994 . The Winter Games have evolved since its inception . Sports and disciplines have been added and some of them , such as Alpine skiing , luge , short track speed skating , freestyle skiing , skeleton , and snowboarding , have earned a permanent spot on the Olympic programme . Others ( such as curling and bobsleigh ) have been discontinued and later reintroduced , or have been permanently discontinued ( such as military patrol , though the modern Winter Olympic sport of biathlon is descended from it ) . Still others , such as speed skiing , bandy and skijoring , were demonstration sports but never incorporated as Olympic sports . The rise of television as a global medium for communication enhanced the profile of the Games . It created an income stream , via the sale of broadcast rights and advertising , which has become lucrative for the IOC . This allowed outside interests , such as television companies and corporate sponsors , to exert influence . The IOC has had to address several criticisms , internal scandals , the use of performance-enhancing drugs by Winter Olympians , as well as a political boycott of the Winter Olympics . Nations have used the Winter Games to showcase the claimed superiority of their political systems . The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by eleven different countries . The Games have been held in the United States four times ( 1932 , 1960 , 1980 , 2002 ) ; in France three times ( 1924 , 1968 , 1992 ) ; and in Austria ( 1964 , 1976 ) , Canada ( 1988 , 2010 ) , Japan ( 1972 , 1998 ) , Italy ( 1956 , 2006 ) , Norway ( 1952 , 1994 ) , and Switzerland ( 1928 , 1948 ) twice . Also , the Games have been held in Germany ( 1936 ) , Yugoslavia ( 1984 ) , and Russia ( 2014 ) once . The IOC has selected Pyeongchang , South Korea , to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Beijing , China , to host the 2022 Winter Olympics . No city in the southern hemisphere has hosted or even been an applicant to host the Winter Olympics ; the major challenge preventing one hosting the games is the dependence on winter weather , and the traditional February timing of the games falls in the middle of the southern hemisphere summer . Twelve countries -- Austria , Canada , Finland , France , Great Britain , Hungary , Italy , Norway , Poland , Sweden , Switzerland and the United States -- have sent athletes to every Winter Olympic Games . Six of those -- Austria , Canada , Finland , Norway , Sweden and the United States -- have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games , and only one -- the United States -- has earned gold at each Games . Norway leads in terms of number of gold medals and overall number of medals . Germany and Japan have been banned at times from competing in the Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89f382872e6f1022ee3d2ea0b2e74767", "text": "1987 Italian Open (tennis) The 1987 Italian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome in Italy that was part of the 1987 Nabisco Grand Prix and of 1987 Virginia Slims World Championship Series . The men 's tournament was held from 11 May through 17 May 1987 while the women 's tournament was held from 4 May through 10 May 1987 . Mats Wilander and Steffi Graf won the singles titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f425286a89203fc1607339fec351e72b", "text": "1989 Family Circle Cup – Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Natasha Zvereva . Steffi Graf won in the final 6 -- 1 , 6 -- 1 against Zvereva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca85461144945ef18435ac3e41b78252", "text": "Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling Hildegard `` Hilde '' Krahwinkel Sperling ( -LSB- ˈhɪldəɡaʁt kʀaːvɪŋkl̩ -RSB- née Krahwinkel ; 26 March 1908 -- 7 March 1981 ) was a German tennis player who became a dual-citizen after marrying Dane Svend Sperling in December 1933 . She won three consecutive singles titles at the French Championships from 1935 to 1937 . Krahwinkel Sperling is generally regarded as the second-greatest female German tennis player in history , behind Steffi Graf . Sperling played a counterpunching game , predicated on speed , and wore down opponents . Helen Jacobs once wrote that Sperling was the third-best player she ever played , behind Helen Wills Moody and Suzanne Lenglen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "741a29a323924dac5adae0e73a00c242", "text": "France in the Eurovision Song Contest France has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 60 times since its debut at the very first contest in 1956 . France is one of only seven countries to be present at the first contest , and has been absent from only two contests in its history , missing the 1974 and 1982 contests . France has won the contest five times , and along with Germany , Italy , Spain and the United Kingdom is one of the `` Big Five '' who are automatically allowed to participate in the final because they are the five biggest financial contributors to the European Broadcasting Union ( EBU ) . France first won the contest in 1958 with `` Dors , mon amour '' performed by André Claveau . In the 1960s , they won three times , with `` Tom Pillibi '' performed by Jacqueline Boyer in 1960 , `` Un Premier Amour '' performed by Isabelle Aubret in 1962 and `` Un jour , un enfant '' performed by Frida Boccara , who won in 1969 in a four-way tie with the Netherlands , Spain and the United Kingdom . France 's fifth victory came in 1977 , when Marie Myriam won with the song `` L'oiseau et l'enfant '' . France have also finished second four times , with Paule Desjardins in 1957 , Catherine Ferry in 1976 , Joëlle Ursull in 1990 and Amina in 1991 , who lost out to Sweden 's Carola in a tie-break . After reaching the top five in 24 contests in the 20th century , France has had less success in the 21st century , only making the top five twice , with Natasha St-Pier fourth in and Sandrine François fifth in . France finished last for the first time in , when Twin Twin received only two points . France have failed to reach the top 10 in 13 of the last 15 contests , the exceptions being Patricia Kaas , who was eighth in , and Amir , who was sixth in .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1798dc2162f47190839ddb47d73d19bd", "text": "1988 Family Circle Cup – Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion but did not compete that year . Martina Navratilova won in the final 6 -- 1 , 4 -- 6 , 6 -- 4 against Gabriela Sabatini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42cb622480a01e1c2e147a09a794182", "text": "Women's sports Women 's sports includes amateur as well as women 's professional sports , in all varieties of sports . Female participation and popularity in sports increased dramatically in the twentieth century , especially in the last quarter-century , reflecting changes in modern societies that emphasized gender parity . Although the level of participation and performance still varies greatly by country and by sport , women 's sports are widely accepted throughout the world today . In a few instances , such as figure skating , female athletes rival or exceed their male counterparts in popularity . In many sports women usually do not compete on equal terms against men . Although there is a rise and surge in the participation by women in sports , a large disparity still remains . These disparities are prevalent globally and continue to hinder equality in sports . Many institutions and programs still remain conservative and do not contribute to gender equity in sports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee1abdbc9fcaff9f78cb61d6d4494dd5", "text": "1995 Delray Beach Winter Championships – Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion and won in the final 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 4 against Conchita Martínez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ee977ee4f7b9e8e1da8f7b3e907d657", "text": "Margaret Court career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Australian former tennis player Margaret Court . She won 64 Grand Slam events ( 24 singles , 19 doubles , 21 mixed doubles ) , which is a record for a male or female player . Her 24 Grand Slam singles titles and 21 in mixed doubles are also all-time records for both sexes . She achieved a career Grand Slam in singles , doubles , and mixed doubles . She is one of two women to have achieved the calendar year Grand Slam in singles in the Open Era ( alongside Steffi Graf ) , and is the only woman to have achieved the mixed doubles Grand Slam , which she did twice . Court won more than half of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played ( 24 of 47 ) . She won 192 singles titles before and after the Open Era , an all-time record . Her career singles win-loss record was 1,177-106 , for a winning percentage of 91.74 percent on all surfaces ( hard , clay , grass , carpet ) , is also an all-time record . She won at least 100 singles matches in 1965 ( 113-8 ) , 1968 ( 107-12 ) , 1969 ( 104-6 ) , 1970 ( 110-6 ) , and 1973 ( 108-6 ) . She won more than 80 percent of her singles matches against top 10 players ( 297-73 ) and was the year-end top ranked player seven times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e08b945c5030c8ff4e1d13b2d6fb2893", "text": "Henin–S. Williams rivalry Tennis players Justine Henin from Belgium , former world No. 1 , and Serena Williams from the USA , current World No. 1 , who met 14 times during their careers . When Henin was an active player , their rivalry was one of the most heated and competitive between two female players on the WTA Tour ; their contests were not solely athletic in nature , but interpersonal as well . As of June 30 , 2013 , Williams leads the overall head-to-head series , 8 -- 6 . Henin retired for the second time in January 2011 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
86f81bf639043f9252ac76ea1f603f8e	Bridget Moynahan was featured in The Sum of All Fears.	[ { "docid": "892a7394c9c8ca06e2dd814ac12b38b5", "text": "Bridget Moynahan Bridget Moynahan ( born Kathryn Bridget Moynahan ; April 28 , 1971 ) is an American actress and model . She graduated from Longmeadow High School , in Massachusetts , in 1989 , and began pursuing a career in modeling . She appeared in department-store catalogs and magazines , and after doing television commercials , she began taking acting lessons . Moynahan made her television debut in a guest appearance in the comedy series Sex and the City in 1999 , where she later had a recurring role as Natasha . She made her feature film debut in Coyote Ugly ( 2000 ) . She was cast in a supporting role in Serendipity ( 2001 ) . Moynahan was also featured in the action film The Sum of All Fears ( 2002 ) , spy thriller The Recruit ( 2003 ) , the science-fiction movie I , Robot ( 2004 ) , and the political thriller Lord of War ( 2005 ) . She starred in the ABC television series Six Degrees , which premiered in September 2006 , but was cancelled after one season . Moynahan completed work in Elizabeth Allen 's Ramona and Beezus , which was released in July 2010 , and has starred in the CBS drama Blue Bloods since September 2010 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4d8708b518c378978d93b14e689924da", "text": "Prime Suspect Prime Suspect is a British police procedural television drama series . It stars Helen Mirren as Jane Tennison , one of the first female Detective Chief Inspectors in Greater London 's Metropolitan Police Service , as she rises to rank of Detective Superintendent whilst confronting the institutionalised sexism that exists within her job .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb550bd52387cd18d217fbba8adecf45", "text": "On Expenses On Expenses is a 2010 British television film directed by Simon Cellan Jones and starring Anna Maxwell Martin as Heather Brooke and Brian Cox as Michael Martin . The film documents the true story of American journalist Heather Brooke 's attempt to get expenses claims of Members of Parliament released under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and Speaker Michael Martin 's battle to prevent it . Heather Brooke herself appeared in the production in a non-speaking role playing the part of an unnamed MP sitting on the government benches in a scene where Michael Martin is elected to the position of Speaker of the House of Commons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c7a58ea868a3854c0e73788bb5debf", "text": "The Very Best of Bananarama The Very Best of Bananarama is one of several greatest hits collections by English girl group Bananarama . Released by Warner Music Group , parent company of Bananarama 's label London Records , this set is the `` official '' hits package released to celebrate the group 's twentieth anniversary . Hits included here span their history from 1981 to 1993 . It reached # 43 on the UK Albums Chart . This compilation features the `` single '' versions of the songs . Various tracks had been edited or remixed from their original album versions for their releases as singles and in the case of `` I Want You Back '' and `` Nathan Jones '' , the vocals were re-recorded after original member Siobhan Fahey had left the group and been replaced by Jacquie O'Sullivan . `` Nathan Jones '' was also included on the Rain Man soundtrack as well as their Greatest Hits Collection . A limited edition of The Very Best of Bananarama , released in 2002 , contained a second disc of remixes and replaced the `` Tempus Fugit megamix '' for the Miami mix of `` I Heard a Rumour '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe5c0a41ef054ede74fd2f3bff14bde4", "text": "Chloe Boreham Chloé Boreham is a Franco-Australian Actress ( born August 31 , 1986 ) . She is best known for the leading role as Detective Bridget Anderson on the Channel 7 Telemovie Drama The Killing Field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c122069a46dc816d48ad0ac2e2a72f8b", "text": "Anne of Avonlea (1975 film) Anne of Avonlea is a film made for television 4-part mini-series , developed in the United Kingdom by the BBC . It is based on Anne of Avonlea , the sequel to Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2b0e222722956365c0bd0743493785", "text": "Sins of the Father (2002 film) Sins of the Father is a 2002 American docudrama directed by Robert Dornhelm . The teleplay by John Pielmeier is based on a Texas Monthly article by Pamela Colloff chronicling the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham , Alabama in which four young African American girls were killed while attending Sunday-school . The victims were Addie Mae Collins , 14 yrs old ; Denise McNair , 11 yrs old ; Carole Robertson , 14 yrs old ; and Cynthia Welsley , 14 yrs old . It was believed that there were 5 girls together in the church basement on that fateful day , but only one survived : young Sarah Collins , Addie Mae 's younger sister . The bombing was racially motivated and carried out by members of the Ku Klux Klan . The film was shot in Toronto . The cast includes Tom Sizemore , Richard Jenkins , Ving Rhames , Colm Feore , Jackie Richardson , Connor Price , Aaryn Doyle , Isys McKoy , Jessica Gray Charles , and Funmiola Lawson . Rhames was nominated for the Black Reel Award for Best Actor and the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie , Mini-Series or Dramatic Special . Pielmeier 's teleplay earned him nominations for the Humanitas Prize and the Writers Guild of America Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e01a48d25c2f96d3ca92dfcb8b062a2", "text": "Catastrophe (2015 TV series) Catastrophe is a British sitcom first broadcast on 19 January 2015 on Channel 4 . It stars Sharon Horgan as Sharon Morris and Rob Delaney as Rob Norris , who get together after she becomes pregnant following a brief affair while he is in the UK on business . Carrie Fisher , Ashley Jensen , and Mark Bonnar play supporting characters in the series . The show was renewed for a second series in January 2015 and began broadcasting from 27 October 2015 , having been brought forward from its original schedule of early 2016 . In July 2016 , Catastrophe was renewed for a third and fourth series . The third series , which began broadcasting in the UK on 28 February 2017 , comprises 6 episodes -- which all became available in the Untied States on April 28 , 2017 , hosted by Amazon . The fourth series of the show is scheduled for 2018 . For her performance in the show , Sharon Horgan was nominated for a 2016 British Academy Television Awards for Best Female Comedy Performance in 2016 . Both Horgan and Delaney won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Writer : Comedy . The show was nominated for a Peabody Award . In July 2016 , the show received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Writing For a Comedy Series , going to Horgan and Delaney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b9d634b1c09fb1eda308173681d04f", "text": "Black Christmas (2006 film) Black Christmas ( abbreviated as Black X-Mas ) is a 2006 American-Canadian slasher film written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Katie Cassidy , Michelle Trachtenberg , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Oliver Hudson , Lacey Chabert , Kristen Cloke , and Andrea Martin . The film takes place several days before Christmas , and tells the story of a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered by the house 's former inhabitants during a winter storm . It is a loose remake of the 1974 film of the same name . The film was produced by Morgan and James Wong through their production company Hard Eight Pictures , along with 2929 Productions and Dimension Films , while Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer distributed the film . In December 2006 , upon anticipation of its premiere , the film garnered some criticism from religious groups due to its graphic content in a holiday setting , as well as the distributor 's decision to release the film on Christmas Day in the United States . The film opened in the United Kingdom on December 15 , 2006 , and , despite backlash from some religious organizations , opened in US theaters on Christmas Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daceb32f2205dc5b5802a75a605d55a8", "text": "Gwyneth Powell Gwyneth Powell ( born 5 July 1946 ) is an English actress who is best known for her portrayal of headmistress Bridget McClusky in the BBC television series Grange Hill for eleven series between 1981 and 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e76e91231a6cca0dfe83c5833043eda8", "text": "Bridget Jones Bridget Jones is a franchise based on a fictional character of the same name . British writer Helen Fielding started her Bridget Jones 's Diary column in The Independent in 1995 , while chronicling the life of Jones as a thirtysomething single woman in London as she tries to make sense of life and love with the help of a surrogate `` urban family '' of friends in the 1990s . The column lampooned the obsession of women with women 's magazines such as Cosmopolitan and wider social trends in Britain at the time . Fielding published the novelisation of the column in 1996 , followed by a sequel in 1999 called Bridget Jones : The Edge of Reason . Both novels were adapted for the big screen in 2001 and 2004 , starring Renée Zellweger as Bridget Jones , and Hugh Grant and Colin Firth as the men in her life : Daniel Cleaver and Mark Darcy , respectively . After Fielding had ceased to work for The Daily Telegraph in late 1998 , the feature began again in The Independent on 4 August 2005 and finished in June 2006 . Helen Fielding released a third novel in 2013 , Bridget Jones : Mad About the Boy , which is set 14 years after the events of the second novel . The fictional character `` Bridget Jones '' was named on the 2016 Woman 's Hour Power List as one of seven women judged to have had the biggest impact on women 's lives over the past 70 years , alongside Margaret Thatcher , Barbara Castle , Helen Brook , Germaine Greer , Jayaben Desai and Beyoncé .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88dc23b3231c71b081b2e62da4d43bd9", "text": "The Sum of All Fears (album) The Sum of All Fears is the second album by Italian black metal group Cultus Sanguine , released in 1999 by the French independent label Season of Mist ( who have bands such as Mayhem and Rotting Christ on their roster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7c768c8e79e427a5bcf587e656f746e", "text": "Fortunes of War (novel series) Fortunes of War is the collective name given to six novels by Olivia Manning , consisting of The Balkan Trilogy and The Levant Trilogy . The Balkan Trilogy comprises the books The Great Fortune ( 1960 ) , The Spoilt City ( 1962 ) and Friends And Heroes ( 1965 ) . The Levant Trilogy comprises the books The Danger Tree ( 1977 ) , The Battle Lost And Won ( 1978 ) and The Sum Of Things ( 1980 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed3a4ae003d68db870694b5592a7a89a", "text": "21 Days 21 Days ( a.k.a. 21 Days Together , The First and the Last and Three Weeks Together ) is a 1940 British drama film based on the short play The First and the Last by John Galsworthy . It was directed by Basil Dean and stars Vivien Leigh , Laurence Olivier and Leslie Banks . The film was renamed as 21 Days Together for the US market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8cebf8bb1005ae1128b9e3ca77f9bc0", "text": "Strength and Honour Strength and Honour is a boxing film that was shot in Cork , Ireland . Filming took place in the city and county including Kinsale , Rochestown , Passage West and the un-opened maternity ward of the Cork University Hospital as well as the new airport . The film had its market premiere screening at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2007 , and won the `` Best Picture '' and `` Best Actor '' awards at the Boston Film Festival . It was released on November 20 , 2007 in Ireland and was tested on a limited capacity in the United States on December 7 , 2007 . It was given a 15A rating in Ireland . After the U.S. testing , the film was re-cut taking 13 minutes off it . In 2009 , the Film was selected to screen at the Writers Guild of America and received a review in the Los Angeles Times that described it as ` another Slumdog Millionaire ' . Later the same year , Michael Madsen and Mark Mahon appeared on the TODAY show in New York , as there was such strong word of mouth about the Film . On March 17 , 2010 , Mark Mahon and the film 's main cast were invited by Prince Albert of Monaco to a private Royal screening at the Palace of Monaco . The film 's tagline was : '' Wounds Heal , Scars Fade , Hope is for Everyone '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4", "text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59bb602a90204b0cd18e610499fc92f7", "text": "Summer of Fear (1996 film) Summer of Fear is a 1996 American made-for-television psychological thriller film starring Gregory Harrison , Glynnis O'Connor , Lee Garlington and Corin Nemec which premiered on CBS on April 3 , 1996 . It was written by John Gay and based on the novel Simon Says by Gloria Murphy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4070bd9d6028a4a7930f7b91d359760f", "text": "The Libertine (album) The Libertine : Music for the Film by Laurence Dunmore is the album release of Michael Nyman 's score for the 2004 film The Libertine ( 2004 film ) directed by Laurence Dunmore . It is the third release on Nyman 's own label , MN Records , and the first to receive distribution in the United States , by Inner Knot Records . It is his 50th album release overall . When Naxos Records began distributing MN Records in the United States in 2008 , it was included and began appearing in large quantitites in stores . This is Nyman 's last score for a major motion picture to date , and his last soundtrack release , other than compilation soundtracks . The score includes the song `` If '' ( as `` Rochester 's farewell '' , with partially changed lyrics , removal of the quotes from `` Time Lapse '' from A Zed & Two Noughts , and the addition of a setting of the Kyrie ) performed by Hilary Summers , who originally performed it in the film , The Diary of Anne Frank ( 1995 ) . It also includes an abridgement by Jeffreys of one of Wilmot 's most famous poems , `` Signior Dildo '' , also sung by Ms. Summers . A recurring theme on the album which first appears in `` Upon drinking in a bowl '' for solo viola , became the basis of the Interlude in C for Accent007 ensemble . `` The maimed debauchee '' is a fairly brief piece , but resembles the Interlude at its climax . The theme reappears in a longer version as `` Against constancy '' . The album primarily follows the order of the film , but there are exceptions , including `` My Lord all-pride '' , which immediately follows `` Signior Dildo '' in the film , as Wilmot steps out from curtains painted to resemble female genitalia . Portions of the score appear in all-brass arrangements on the album , Nyman Brass .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3567437307f1c6eb848308e7ed397ba9	Jim Carrey starred in the comedy Mr. Popper's Penguins.	[ { "docid": "0eab0f4b3f65548ed7465b6d50fe950d", "text": "Jim Carrey James Eugene Carrey ( -LSB- ˈkæri -RSB- born January 17 , 1962 ) is a Canadian-American actor , comedian , impressionist , screenwriter , and producer . He is known for his highly energetic slapstick performances . Carrey first gained recognition in 1990 after landing a recurring role in the sketch comedy television series In Living Color . His first leading roles in major productions came with Ace Ventura : Pet Detective ( 1994 ) , Dumb and Dumber ( 1994 ) , The Mask ( 1994 ) , and Ace Ventura : When Nature Calls ( 1995 ) , as well as a supporting role in Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and a lead role in Liar Liar ( 1997 ) . He then starred in The Truman Show ( 1998 ) and Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) , with each garnering him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . In the 2000s , he gained further recognition for his portrayal of the Grinch in How the Grinch Stole Christmas ( 2000 ) , as well as Bruce Almighty ( 2003 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind ( 2004 ) for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events ( 2004 ) , Fun with Dick and Jane ( 2005 ) , Yes Man ( 2008 ) , Horton Hears a Who ! ( 2008 ) and A Christmas Carol ( 2009 ) . In the 2010s , he has starred in Mr. Popper 's Penguins ( 2011 ) and The Incredible Burt Wonderstone ( 2013 ) . In 2013 , he appeared in Kick-Ass 2 as Colonel Stars and Stripes . He retracted support for the film two months prior to its release . He issued a statement via his Twitter account that , in light of the shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary , '' -LSB- N -RSB- ow in all good conscience I can not support that level of violence . '' Carrey reprised his role as Lloyd Christmas in Dumb and Dumber To ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "051229a26863c33aa3e077d050de2181", "text": "Tripper's Day Tripper 's Day is a British television sitcom produced by Thames Television for ITV . The plot involved Leonard Rossiter as Norman Tripper , a northern manager assigned to a London supermarket with a problematic staff . The programme is largely remembered for the negative critical reviews it received , and mainly for the fact that it was Rossiter 's final television work , the actor dying between the broadcast of the second and third episodes . The series was brought back two years later with Bruce Forsyth in the lead role , under the new title Slinger 's Day . In Canada and United States the series had a remake under the title Check it Out ! ( 1985 -- 1988 ) , whilst in Sweden , comical duo Stefan & Krister starred in Full Frys , a TV series largely based on Tripper 's Day and Check it Out ! .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e6de69e394021dad30fca0067f1c0a3", "text": "Randle McMurphy Randle Patrick `` Mac '' McMurphy known as R.P. McMurphy , is the protagonist of Ken Kesey 's novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1962 ) . He appears in the stage and film adaptations of the novel as well . Jack Nicholson portrayed Randle Patrick McMurphy in the film adaption , earning him an Academy Award for Best Actor . He was nominated on the `` Heroes '' list of AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains , but did not make the final list . He was ranked by film magazine Empire as the 61st Greatest Movie Character of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8fd7d6541339cafe476108dc142fe8a", "text": "Count Jim Moriarty Count Jim Moriarty ( also called Count Jim Moriarty of the House of Roland ) is a character from the 1950s BBC Radio comedy The Goon Show . He was voiced by Spike Milligan . In the episode `` The Macreekie Rising of ' 74 '' , Harry Secombe filled-in for the role in Milligan 's absence . Moriarty is an impoverished member of the French aristocracy who has turned to crime to support his lifestyle . Despite having carried out many high-paying cons and robberies during the series , he and his criminal counterpart Hercules Grytpype-Thynne always appear to be permanently destitute . With his thick faux-French accent , he is often found scavenging in dustbins looking for food and uttering nonsensical , half-French curses such as `` Sapristi nabolas ! '' , `` Sapristi nyuckoes ! '' , or `` Sapristi bombpetts ! '' ( incorporating an old-fashioned French expletive that meant originally `` by the body of Christ '' ) and `` Sacre Fred ! '' ( a Milligan coinage from Sacrebleu ) in the episode `` Lurgi Strikes Britain '' . Moriarty travels closely with Grytpype-Thynne , often in the same suit or ( in `` The Jet Propelled Guided NAAFI '' ) by hiding in the lining of Grytpype 's underpants . In `` The Call of the West '' , Grytpype announces that Moriarty is traveling west by fish crate because of the devaluation of the franc . Over the years , Moriarty changed from a suave , debonair and efficient French criminal mastermind and confidence trickster into a cringing sidekick of Grytpype-Thynne , who is often disparaging of his manic behaviour , referring to him as `` you steaming French nit '' , `` my fast disintegrating friend '' , or `` you crutty French schlapper '' . Grytpype often introduces him ( `` and I quote from his death certificate '' ) with a middle name such as `` Thighs '' , `` Knees '' , `` Kidney Wiper '' , etc. , along with an appropriate sound effect ( e.g. rattling bones , swannee whistle ) or Moriarty 's catch-phrase `` Oooowwwwww '' , and descriptions of his prowess in various fields ( `` who has played the male lead in over 50 postcards '' , `` Minister Without Underpants to the Principality of Monte Carlo '' , or `` champion barbed-wire hurdler until his tragic accident '' ) . On one occasion , he is introduced as `` Count ` Serge ' Moriarty '' ; when Seagoon enquires `` Serge ? '' , Grytpype replies , `` Only because he ca n't afford flannels '' . In `` The Missing Battleship '' , Grytpype introduces him enthusiastically as `` Count Jim ` Bilge ! ' Moriarty '' ; however , due to undisclosed problems this was unaccompanied by any sound effect , and was punctuated anti-climatically by an embarrassed `` Oww '' from Moriarty seconds afterward . Although his surname is pronounced ( -LSB- ˌmɔriˈɑrti -RSB- ) , Grytpype-Thynne would pronounce it -LSB- məˈraɪ.əti -RSB- if he was in a bad way or if he thought Milligan was overacting his part . There is also some suggestion that the character is a parody of the Sherlock Holmes villain , Professor Moriarty . In The Hound of the Baskervilles According to Spike Milligan , a preface by Milligan explains that Sherlock `` did not stay dead for long '' , and after chasing him up a mountain did in fact kill Professor Moriarty , but he `` later became a character in The Goon Show '' . Moriarty , Count Jim", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59d80bf24f419c4ef1f4b3c10d900e37", "text": "Jim Turner (comedian) Jim Turner ( born 1952 ) is an American actor and comedian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c726bd58c997d5941debf39a1cae0be2", "text": "Fritz the Cat (film) Fritz the Cat is a 1972 American adult animated comedy film written and directed by Ralph Bakshi . It was Bakshi 's feature film debut and is loosely based on the Fritz the Cat comic strips by Robert Crumb . It was the first animated feature film to receive an X rating in the United States . The film stars Fritz ( voiced by Skip Hinnant ) , an anthropomorphic cat in mid-1960s New York City who explores the ideals of hedonism and sociopolitical consciousness . The film is a satire focusing on American college life of the era , race relations , the free love movement , and left - and right-wing politics . The film had a troubled production history and controversial release . Crumb had disagreements with the filmmakers over the film 's political content . Fritz the Cat was controversial for its rating and content , which many viewers at the time found to be offensive . It was produced on a budget of $ 850,000 and grossed over $ 90 million worldwide . Its success led to a slew of other X-rated animated films and a sequel , The Nine Lives of Fritz the Cat ( 1974 ) , made without Crumb 's or Bakshi 's involvement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3098d8828382e3e5eeca766c19d562a9", "text": "Goodbye Pop 1952–1976 Goodbye Pop 1952 -- 1976 was an American comedy album of song parodies and sketches that was released as a vinyl record in 1975 . It was a spin-off from National Lampoon magazine . Performers include Gilda Radner , Bill Murray , Christopher Guest , Paul Shaffer and Tony Scheuren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14222e30ccffb7baf0984580671701cd", "text": "Garfield: The Movie Garfield : The Movie is a 2004 American family comedy film directed by Peter Hewitt inspired by Jim Davis ' comic strip of the same name . It stars Breckin Meyer as Jon Arbuckle , Jennifer Love Hewitt as Dr. Liz Wilson , and features Bill Murray as the voice of Garfield . Garfield was created with computer animation , though all other animals were real . The film was produced by Davis Entertainment Company and distributed by 20th Century Fox . The film shares several similarities to the 1982 animated special Here Comes Garfield . Garfield : The Movie grossed $ 200 million on a $ 50 million budget . The film was released in the United States on June 11 , 2004 . A sequel , Garfield : A Tail of Two Kitties , was released in June 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81f391750b3a09cad85aa08d0cce18c", "text": "Penguin (biscuit) Penguins are milk chocolate covered biscuit bars filled with chocolate cream . They are produced by United Biscuits ' manufacturing division McVitie 's .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea5e7bd92ef9981648ea421bd06a7082", "text": "The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show is an American animated television program produced by Filmation for MGM Television in 1980 , on CBS for Saturday mornings . The show lasted two seasons ( with season two consisting of reruns ) and the individual episodes were eventually added to syndicated Tom and Jerry packages , and also occasionally appeared on Cartoon Network and Boomerang , as well as , in 2013 , airing on UK satellite channel Pop . Most voices were done by Frank Welker ( mainly Tom and Jerry ) and Filmation head Lou Scheimer provided the voice of Nibbles ( erroneously giving him an adult voice ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c976d65b495d1cfb59ff33ab6802bcdd", "text": "Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver . The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels . Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans . The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9620a86980110914c0fe655cd2ddcf5c", "text": "The People's Choice (TV series) The People 's Choice is an American television sitcom that aired on NBC from 1955 to 1958 . It was primarily sponsored by The Borden Company . It stars Jackie Cooper as Socrates `` Sock '' Miller , who is a former Marine and a young politician living in fictitious New City , California . Sock has a basset hound named `` Cleo '' , whose thoughts ( voiced by Mary Jane Croft ) , baleful observations of Sock 's dilemmas , are recorded on the soundtrack for the viewers ' amusement . The real name of the dog that played Cleo was `` Bernadette '' . Much of Cleo 's dialog consists of wisecracks . The popularity of the basset hound breed increased markedly with the run of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5482baac17a77e26fdd9dc2b8833b3ac", "text": "James Mullinger James Mullinger is an English alternative comedian and finalist in the comedy competition `` Jimmy Carr 's Comedy Idol '' . He now lives in Atlantic Canada and has been nominated for a Canadian Comedy Award for Best Live Solo Show and a Just For Laughs Best Comedy Show Award . He is the star of Bell Aliant 's Blimey ! An Englishman In Atlantic Canada which has been nominated for and won numerous awards . Mullinger is also the co-writer and co-producer of the movie The Comedian 's Guide to Survival , a British and Canadian co-production about Mullinger 's early struggles as a comedian . Mullinger is played in the film by James Buckley and it also stars Jimmy Carr , Omid Djalili , Paul Kaye , Gilbert Gottfried , MyAnna Buring , Kevin Eldon and many more comedians . In 2015 , Mullinger began co-hosting the genre and cult film podcast Field & Mullinger 's Underground Nights , where he has interviewed filmmakers such as Troma Entertainment 's Lloyd Kaufman , Lowell Dean and Joshua Ligairi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80700e82ff7beefe396eedf1ad2f2566", "text": "Jason Alexander Jay Scott Greenspan ( born September 23 , 1959 ) , known by his stage name Jason Alexander , is an American actor , voice actor , comedian and director . Alexander is best known for his prominent role as George Costanza in the television series Seinfeld . Other well-known roles include Phillip Stuckey in the film Pretty Woman ( 1990 ) and the title character in the animated series Duckman ( 1994 -- 1997 ) . Alexander has had an active career on stage , appearing in several Broadway musicals including Jerome Robbins ' Broadway in 1989 , for which he won the Tony Award as Best Leading Actor in a Musical . He appeared in the Los Angeles production of The Producers . He was the Artistic Director of `` Reprise ! Broadway 's Best in Los Angeles '' , where he has directed several musicals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dcb704c51395859852442a4611e6b88", "text": "Time Piece Time Piece is a 1965 experimental short film directed , written , produced by and starring Jim Henson . The film depicts an ordinary man moving in constant motion , in a desperate attempt to escape the passage of time . Time Piece is notable as one of the few live-action projects Jim Henson produced that did not involve any form of puppetry . The short film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70051e28d45718a74173ce1a9c65969a", "text": "Ace Ventura Ace Ventura is a fictional character created by screenwriter Jack Bernstein . Ace was played by Jim Carrey in the films Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , released in 1994 , and Ace Ventura : When Nature Calls , released in 1995 , and was voiced by Michael Daingerfield ( credited as Michael Hall ) in the Ace Ventura : Pet Detective animated series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cef454ba22f51cdaf980cb0862859940", "text": "Prop comedy Prop comedy is a comedy genre in which performers use humorous objects , or conventional objects in humorous ways . The stages and films term `` prop '' , an abbreviation of `` property '' , refers to any object an actor handles in the course of a performance . Though some form of prop comedy has likely existed as long as there have been comedians , the genre reached its zenith in the vaudeville era . The vaudeville team Olsen and Johnson used prop comedy extensively in their long running Broadway revue Hellzapoppin . A prop comic is a comedian who uses prop comedy . Prop comics are sometimes looked down upon by other comedians , and the term is sometimes used derisively . However , some , such as Tommy Cooper , rose to critical acclaim as their props revolved around a gimmick ( such as Cooper 's magic ) and the comedian 's character around that gimmick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ad1f8ac6659baedd980505c7ba5ac61", "text": "The Tomfoolery Show The Tomfoolery Show is an American cartoon comedy television series made and first broadcast in 1970 , based on the works of Edward Lear . The animation was done at the Halas and Batchelor Studios in London and Stroud . Though the works of other writers were also used , notably Lewis Carroll and Ogden Nash , Lear 's works were the main source , and characters like the Yongy-Bonghy-Bo and the Umbrageous Umbrella Maker were all Lear creations . Other regular characters included the Enthusiastic Elephant , the Fizzgiggious Fish , and the Scroobious Snake . Some original material was also written based on characters created by Lear , although much of the material was a straight recital of poems and limericks or songs using Lear 's poems set to music . A recurring joke had a delivery boy running around trying to deliver a large plant and shouting ` Plant for Mrs Discobolus ! ' . Some of the gags were based on Abbott and Costello skits which involved one of the regular characters in troubling situations . A cooking lesson for a silly recipe was presented in each episode . The series was produced by Rankin/Bass , and Videocraft International , who also made the Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and Frosty the Snowman television specials . The series was made in England , featuring the voices of Peter Hawkins , Bernard Spear , and the Maury Laws Singers . The series received mostly mixed and negative reviews for not using original material . The series was not renewed after one year on the air . Original air : September 12 , 1970 - September 4 , 1971", "title": "" } ]	fever
6c2eb66e8fe54cc355fc084a22f8cfe1	Connie Britton played Vivien Harmon.	[ { "docid": "0db02a2b8bc1abcd9cf95fc022115903", "text": "Connie Britton Constance Elaine Britton ( née Womack ; born March 6 , 1967 ) is an American actress , singer and producer . Britton made her feature film debut in the independent comedy-drama film The Brothers McMullen ( 1995 ) , and the following year , she was cast as Nikki Faber on the ABC sitcom Spin City . She later starred in the short-lived sitcoms The Fighting Fitzgeralds ( 2001 ) and Lost at Home ( 2003 ) , and appeared in several films , most notably the sports drama film Friday Night Lights ( 2004 ) and the thriller film The Last Winter ( 2006 ) . Britton received positive reviews from critics for her performance as Tami Taylor on the NBC/DirecTV drama series Friday Night Lights from 2006 to 2011 . For this role she was nominated for two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series . In 2011 , she starred as Vivien Harmon in the first season of FX horror-drama series American Horror Story , for which she was nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie . Britton starred as country singer Rayna Jaymes in the ABC/CMT musical drama series Nashville from 2012 to 2017 , for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Drama in 2012 . In 2014 , Britton was named UNDP Goodwill Ambassador . Britton next starred in the comedy-drama film This Is Where I Leave You ( 2014 ) , the drama film Me and Earl and the Dying Girl ( 2015 ) and the action comedy American Ultra ( 2015 ) . In 2016 , Britton had a recurring role as socialite Faye Resnick in the first season of FX true crime anthology series American Crime Story .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "518fa005a926db6329451c57426bc800", "text": "The Music of Nashville: Season 3, Volume 2 The Music of Nashville : Season 3 , Volume 2 is the sixth soundtrack album for the American musical drama television series Nashville , created by Academy Award winner Callie Khouri and starring Connie Britton as country music superstar Rayna Jaymes and Hayden Panettiere as new star Juliette Barnes . The album was released digitally and ( exclusive to Target stores in North America ) physically on May 12 , 2015 through Big Machine Records . Although guest star Christina Aguilera 's songs `` The Real Thing '' and `` Shotgun '' were released as digital singles , neither track appears on the album due to label rights ( Aguilera is an RCA artist ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff534f34c24d6d732429f33a71cbd0a1", "text": "Clair Huxtable Clair Olivia Huxtable ( née Hanks ) is a fictional character who appears in the American sitcom The Cosby Show . Portrayed by actress Phylicia Rashad , Clair , the wife of Dr. Cliff Huxtable and mother of their five children , is the matriarch of the show 's central Huxtable family . Working as a lawyer , Clair values the importance of maintaining a successful career while running a formidable household . The character debuted alongside most of her family in The Cosby Show 's pilot , `` Theo 's Economic Lesson '' , which premiered on September 20 , 1984 . Created by comedian Bill Cosby , Clair is based on Cosby 's own wife , Camille . Cosby originally intended for the character to be a plumber , but the producers and Camille ultimately convinced him to rewrite her into a lawyer to reflect a family that closer resembled their own . At one point , Clair had also been envisioned as a Dominican housewife who speaks Spanish when frustrated , inspired by Ricky Ricardo from the sitcom I Love Lucy , but this idea was also abandoned . Rashad , originally credited as Phylicia Allers-Allen , won the role by exhibiting a subtlety in her audition that other candidates lacked . After marrying husband Ahmad Rashad and adopting his surname , Rashad became pregnant with their child during the show 's third season , thus requiring her to conceal her pregnancy during tapings . Typically playing straight woman to Cosby 's humorous Cliff , Rashad 's character began to adopt more comedic material during the show 's second season , although she maintains her disciplinarian status within her own household . Since The Cosby Show 's inception , Cosby had always intended for Clair to reflect the ways in which women 's roles have evolved in both the home and workplace . Clair is depicted as a hardworking career woman with strong feminist principles , most evident in the character 's early confrontations with chauvinistic son-in-law Elvin . One particularly memorable interaction , dubbed Clair 's `` feminist rant '' by the media , has become so popular that the scene continues to be heavily circulated on the Internet and social media , 30 years after its initial appearance . Both Clair 's role and Rashad 's performance have garnered significant acclaim ; Clair was the series ' only main character who avoided criticisms that regularly plagued other aspects of The Cosby Show . Rashad was nominated for two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series . Despite the actress ' continued success , Clair remains the role for which Rashad is best known , credited with establishing her as a television icon . A feminist icon , Clair is revered as one of television 's most beloved mothers ; as one of television 's first working mothers , the character 's profound influence on African-American women and female lawyers in television has been dubbed the `` Clair Huxtable effect '' . However , in light of several recent sexual assault allegations made against Cosby , some critics have begun to question the comedian 's intentions behind creating Clair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d55dc98f4a75bff03f6c1919f04a624", "text": "Vivien Oakland Vivien Oakland ( born Vivian Andersen , May 20 , 1895 -- August 1 , 1958 ) , was an American actress best known for her work in comedies in Hollywood in the 1920s and 1930s , most notably with the Hal Roach Studios . Oakland appeared in 142 films between 1915 and 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ac697c0ecd4727f00d8898ccf61967a", "text": "Open House (American Horror Story) `` Open House '' is the seventh episode of the first season of the television series American Horror Story , which premiered on the network FX on November 16 , 2011 . The episode was written by co-creator and executive producer Brad Falchuk and was directed by Tim Hunter . This episode is rated TV-MA ( LSV ) . In this episode , Violet ( Taissa Farmiga ) is confronted by a revelation , while Vivien ( Connie Britton ) learns she is pregnant with twins . In 2012 , this episode was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Art Direction for a Miniseries or Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb", "text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82abbe95acd55d8037ccc9dbfaf2dc34", "text": "White Woman White Woman is a 1933 American pre-Code drama film directed by Stuart Walker and starring Carole Lombard , Charles Laughton , and Charles Bickford . A young widow remarries and accompanies her husband to his remote jungle rubber plantation . The film was based on the Broadway play Hangman 's Whip by Norman Reilly Raine and Frank Butler . One of hundreds of Paramount films held in limbo by Universal Studios . Universal gained ownership of Paramount features produced between 1929 and 1949 . Paramount remade the film in 1939 as Island of Lost Men , with Anna May Wong , J. Carrol Naish and Broderick Crawford in the roles originated by Lombard , Laughton and Bickford . It was directed by Kurt Neumann .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e9345b429f701723dd79f6726a5af6a", "text": "Carole Mathews Carole Mathews ( September 13 , 1920 -- November 6 , 2014 ) was an American actress of film and television . Her longest-running role was as the 37-year-old widow Wilma Fansler in the second season from 1958 to 1959 on the NBC Western television series , The Californians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aae2c52adb209fb53fc36e0adbf38664", "text": "Ponsonby Britt Ponsonby Britt was the credited -- but fictional -- executive producer of the television series The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show , Fractured Flickers , Hoppity Hooper , and George of the Jungle . In 1959 , Jay Ward and Bill Scott invented the name `` Ponsonby Britt , Limited '' as the new title of their corporation . Britt eventually supposedly became an Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) and was retained in the cartoon 's closing credits as an in-joke . Bill Scott was quoted as saying , `` We had no executive producer , so we felt we should make one up . '' Britt even had an `` official '' biography used in press releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8953fc27e68d82cf100a715e1b9fb6da", "text": "Vicki Woolf Vicki Woolf ( born 1945 ) is a British actress known mostly for her roles in television . She appeared in fourteen episodes of Honey Lane during the 1960s . In the 1980 she featured in the sitcom Three Up Two Down . She guest starred on various other shows such as The Saint , The Persuaders ! , Man in a Suitcase , Paul Temple and Minder . She made appearances in several films including two Hammer Horrors and Carry On ... Up the Khyber ( 1968 ) . In 1973 she was in the film version of Never Mind the Quality : Feel the Width . Woolf was often cast as exotic types , sometimes from southern Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4019fa5691760b3393008b80691687d", "text": "Connie Clausen Connie Clausen ( born Constance Clausen on June 11 , 1923 , in Menasha , Wisconsin , and died September 7 , 1997 , in New York City ) was an actress , author , and literary agent . Connie Clausen 's career began in 1942 at the age of 19 when she was approached by John Ringling North on Main Street in Sarasota , Florida ( then the winter quarters for Ringling Brothers Circus ) , who told her that her long hair would make her a perfect `` Alice in Wonderland '' in the following season 's `` fairy tale '' themed grand finale . She joined the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus and performed as an acrobat in an elephant act . Her experiences in the circus later provided material for her memoir I Love You Honey , but the Season 's Over ( Holt , Rinehart & Winston , 1961 ) , in which she discussed , among other issues , the `` significant gap '' between what women did within the circus ring and their treatment outside of it . After leaving the circus , she worked as a magazine and television writer and started with MGM studios in Hollywood as Director of Special Promotions . Encouraged by an MGM studio photographer , she moved to New York City to begin a career as a Conover Model and as a successful Broadway and television actress . She appeared on Broadway in `` The Gambler '' with Alfred Drake and appeared in hundreds of television shows and commercials in the 1950s and 1960s . She was a television spokeswoman for Beech-nut Baby Foods and Westinghouse , and was a regular featured guest on `` The Doctor Spock Show '' with her twin sons . In 1971 Connie Clausen began a new career in publishing . As an assistant Vice President of Macmillan , she helped launch two of the company 's best sellers , `` Watership Down '' and `` Jonathan Livingston Seagull '' . In 1978 she started her own literary agency , Connie Clausen & Associates , which had a series of best sellers , including the beauty books by the photographer Francesco Scavullo , the Pulitzer Prize-winning Jackson Pollock : An American Saga by Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith , `` Eat to Win '' , `` The Rules '' and many others . She was also the long-time American agent for the British author Quentin Crisp . The role of Connie Clausen in the ITV film production of `` An Englishman in New York ( film ) '' ( a sequel to `` The Naked Civil Servant '' ) is played by the actress Swoosie Kurtz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "649cb8e41a418e9d38f10c4174214d0c", "text": "Victoria Vinton Victoria Vinton , born Victoria Velnette Vinton ( August 23 , 1912 -- June 12 , 1980 ) was an early B-movie actress , starring in over thirty films from 1932 into 1940 , mostly in westerns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9906a129d4c931dc7260eff32cdf996", "text": "Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast . In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run . Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy . Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes . It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle . Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a894b0705d32bfaf75922aaa2d1a1ef0", "text": "Linda Henry Linda Valiris , known professionally by her maiden name , Linda Henry ( born 1 January 1963 ) is an English actress , known for her roles as Yvonne Atkins in the ITV television drama Bad Girls ( 1999 -- 2003 ) and Shirley Carter in the BBC soap opera EastEnders , a role she has played since 2006 . She had previously appeared in EastEnders as the original Lorraine Salter , the mother of Mandy Salter ( Nicola Stapleton ) from 1991 to 1992 . Her other TV credits include Cracker ( 1995 ) , Prime Suspect ( 1997 ) and Trial & Retribution ( 1998 ) . She has also appeared in the films Beautiful Thing ( 1996 ) and The Business ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d47913dd9cc78f92d0dbbce1d512471e", "text": "Veronica Doran Veronica Doran ( born 17 May 1948 ) is a British character actress who remains best known for her 18-month stint as Marion Willis in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street . She appeared in the series from 1982 to 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed3a4ae003d68db870694b5592a7a89a", "text": "21 Days 21 Days ( a.k.a. 21 Days Together , The First and the Last and Three Weeks Together ) is a 1940 British drama film based on the short play The First and the Last by John Galsworthy . It was directed by Basil Dean and stars Vivien Leigh , Laurence Olivier and Leslie Banks . The film was renamed as 21 Days Together for the US market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d739fff753155b4966295924a56ddfc", "text": "Connie Kreski Connie Kreski ( September 19 , 1946 , Wyandotte , Michigan -- March 21 , 1995 , Beverly Hills , California ) was an American model and actress . She was Playboy magazine 's Playmate of the Month for January 1968 and Playmate of the Year for 1969 . Kreski was born Constance Kornacki ; she had long taffy-colored hair and blue eyes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c01a8f9ed84f9bf9024a8e79a0df7d87", "text": "Jean Smart Jean Elizabeth Smart ( born September 13 , 1951 ) is an American film , television , and stage actress . After beginning her career in regional theater in the Pacific Northwest , she appeared on Broadway as Marlene Dietrich in Piaf in 1981 . Smart was later cast in a lead role as Charlene Frazier Stillfield on the CBS sitcom Designing Women , which she played from 1986 to 1991 . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the 2000 Broadway revival of The Man Who Came to Dinner , and would go on to win two Emmy Awards for her role as Lana Gardener on the NBC sitcom Frasier ( 2000 -- 01 ) , and a third Emmy in 2008 for her role as Regina Newley on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who ? ( 2007 -- 09 ) . Her film credits include The Brady Bunch Movie ( 1995 ) , Guinevere ( 1999 ) , Sweet Home Alabama ( 2002 ) , I Heart Huckabees ( 2004 ) , and The Accountant ( 2016 ) . Between 2006 and 2007 , she portrayed Martha Logan on the series 24 , and later starred as Floyd Gerhardt on Noah Hawley 's critically acclaimed FX series Fargo ( 2015 ) , which earned her a Critics ' Choice Television Award as well as an Emmy Award nomination . Since 2017 , she stars in the FX series Legion , also by Hawley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4e3da316a8b95ff29f4ec2d6f40a6de", "text": "Fannie Ward Fannie Ward , a.k.a. Fanny Ward ( February 22 , 1872 -- January 27 , 1952 ) was an American actress of stage and screen , known for comedic roles as well as The Cheat , a sexually -- charged 1915 silent film directed by Cecil B. DeMille . Ward 's curiously ageless appearance , however , is what drove her celebrity . An obituary described her as `` an actress who never quite reached the top in her professional ... -LSB- and who -RSB- tirelessly devoted herself to appearing perpetually youthful , an act that made her famous '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c4dbae3f7d1c56290642e19bb0cb8ca", "text": "Smooth Talk Smooth Talk is a 1985 drama film , loosely based on Joyce Carol Oates ' 1966 short story `` Where Are You Going , Where Have You Been ? '' , which was in turn inspired by the Tucson murders committed by Charles Schmid . The protagonist and main character , Connie Wyatt , is played by Laura Dern . The antagonist , Arnold Friend , is played by Treat Williams . The film was produced by American Playhouse and Goldcrest Films , and originally released to movie theaters in 1985 . The original music score was composed by Russ Kunkel and Bill Payne . The movie won the Grand Jury Prize in the Dramatic category at that year 's Sundance Festival .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8de336f8f5364400356b38733e5457f7	The Lion King is a film.	[ { "docid": "4077b9763654b00025c303b172e51b42", "text": "The Lion King The Lion King is a 1994 American animated epic musical film , produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film . The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa and was influenced by William Shakespeare 's Hamlet . The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance . The Lion King was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff , produced by Don Hahn , and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi , Jonathan Roberts , and Linda Woolverton . Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice , and original scores were written by Hans Zimmer . The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick , James Earl Jones , Jeremy Irons , Jonathan Taylor Thomas , Moira Kelly , Nathan Lane , Ernie Sabella , Rowan Atkinson , Robert Guillaume , Madge Sinclair , Whoopi Goldberg , Cheech Marin , and Jim Cummings . The Lion King tells the story of Simba , a young lion who is to succeed his father , Mufasa , as King of the Pride Lands ; however , after Simba 's uncle Scar murders Mufasa , Simba is manipulated into thinking he was responsible and flees into exile . Upon maturation living with two wastrels , Simba is given some valuable perspective from his childhood friend , Nala , and his shaman , Rafiki , before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny and take his place in the Circle of Life as the rightful King . Development of The Lion King began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg , Roy E. Disney , and Peter Schneider while promoting Oliver & Company in Europe . Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment , and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director , being later joined by Allers . Production began in 1991 concurrently with Pocahontas , which wound up attracting most of Disney 's top animators . Some time after the staff traveled to Hell 's Gate National Park in Kenya to research on the film 's setting and animals , Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical and was replaced by Minkoff . When Hahn joined the project , he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten . Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences were produced at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida . Computer animation was also used in several scenes , most notably in the wildebeest stampede sequence . The Lion King was released on June 15 , 1994 , to a positive reaction from critics , who praised the film for its music , story , and animation ; it finished its theatrical run as the highest-grossing release of 1994 and the second highest-grossing film of all time . The Lion King garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy . The film has led to many derived works , such as a Broadway adaptation ; two direct-to-video follow-ups -- the sequel , The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride ( 1998 ) , and the prequel/parallel , The Lion King 1 1/2 ( 2004 ) -- ; two television series , Timon and Pumbaa and The Lion Guard ; and a 3D re-release , in 2011 . In 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A CGI live-action remake of the film is scheduled for a July 19 , 2019 release in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a23820162853d49fc9d52fd9822ca8c", "text": "Cinema of Africa African cinema is film production in Africa . It dates back to the early 20th century , when film reels were the primary cinematic technology in use . The Nigerian film industry is the largest in Africa in terms of value , number of annual films , revenue and popularity . It is also the second and third largest national film industry in the world , based on the number of annual films and revenue respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "285dbf39dd5c4bd071268f6cc787089f", "text": "Lionsgate Home Entertainment Lionsgate Home Entertainment ( formerly Lions Gate Films Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Home Entertainment ) is the home video distribution arm of Lionsgate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12cad832ff42c27ba52f98e9e0ae3aa", "text": "The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1458b37fabc3e9781feefe13a0be8879", "text": "List of people known as the Lion The Lion is an epithet used to describe : Ali Pasha ( 1740-1822 ) , Ottoman pasha of Yanina Henry the Lion ( 1129-1195 ) , Duke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria Louis VIII of France ( 1187-1226 ) , King of France Robert III , Count of Flanders ( 1249-1322 ) , the `` Lion of Flanders '' Umur Beg ( 1309 ? -1348 ) , Emir of Aydin William the Lion ( c. 1143-1214 ) , King of the Scots from 1165 to 1214 Willie `` The Lion '' Smith ( 1893-1973 ) , American jazz pianist `` The Lion '' , a Miami-based American smuggler for the Medellin Cartel , featured in Narcos season 2 , episode 5", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6c96a25612f149b770d1631321153c", "text": "Egyptian Theatre Egyptian-style theatres are based on the traditional and historic design elements of Ancient Egypt . The first Egyptian Theatre to be constructed in the US -- which inspired many of the identically-named theatres that followed it -- was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood , California . For several years , Hollywood developer Charles E. Toberman attempted to convince Sid Grauman to locate in Hollywood . During a meeting , Sid told Mr. Toberman of his desire to build a theatre of Egyptian design . Mr. Toberman then secured a piece of property on Hollywood Boulevard , just east of McCadden Place . The architectural firm of Meyer & Holler were hired to design the theatre . The result was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre with a seating of 1770 . The approach to the theatre was through a courtyard . Inside , the stage was flanked by carved columns and models of the Sphinx . The theatre was opened on October 19 , 1922 with the grand premiere of `` Robin Hood '' starring Douglas Fairbanks . `` In a 1983 article in Hollywood Studio Magazine , Mike Hughes wrote of the Egyptian : `` A survivor of the decay that unfortunately characterizes the Hollywood Boulevard of today , the Egyptian is a reminder of the glamour that once made the Boulevard famous . Perhaps through the dedicated efforts of such citizens as Bruce Torrence , author of Hollywood : The First 100 Years and grandson of Mr. Charles Toberman , who built the Egyptian , the Hollywood Boulevard of yesteryear will reappear some great day in the future . When that happens , the Egyptian Theatre , jewel that it is , will be there to herald in the new age of film town . '' '' United Artists was the last owner of the Egyptian Theatre before it closed in 1992 . The American Cinematheque purchased the theatre from the city for $ 1 with the provision that this historical landmark would be restored to its original grandeur and re-opened as a movie theatre showcasing the organizations celebrated , public programming . '' The Eldorado Theatre located in Eldorado Amusement Park , Weehawken , New Jersey opened in 1891 and featured ` Egypt Through Centuries ' each evening . The creators of the park , Palisades Amusement and Exhibition Company , published a book titled `` Egypt Through the Centuries '' in 1892 . Many of the other theatres that copied Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre were part of the wave of Egyptian revival architecture that occurred after the November 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb by Howard Carter . Unlike the many theatres that followed in its wake , Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre was designed , built , named and opened before the 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb . The news of the tomb 's discovery reached the US a few weeks after the theatre opened . Early in the 20th century , it is estimated that up to 100 of these theatre types were constructed across the US . Many of them no longer exist , but there are many fine examples of this style still in use today . Conrad Schmitt Studios has played a big part in the restoration of these atmospheric theatres , including Egyptian Theatres in Park City , Utah , Ogden , Utah , Boise , Idaho , Delta , Colorado , and DeKalb , Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a810619a1609d18129ebeb1ee6f599f", "text": "Cinema of New Zealand New Zealand cinema can refer to films made by New Zealand-based production companies in New Zealand . However , it may also refer to films made about New Zealand by filmmakers from other countries . In addition , due to the relatively small size of its film industry , many New Zealand-made films are co-productions with companies based in other nations . Film has a long history in New Zealand . The first public screening of a motion picture was in 1896 ; a 1900 documentary is the oldest surviving New Zealand film - and the first feature film made in New Zealand premiered in 1914 . However , although there was a small-scale industry during the 1920s-1960s , it was n't until the 1970s that New Zealand made films were able to attract large-scale audiences . From the 1990s onward , a steady flow on New Zealand made films have had international success , including both those with local funding and themes , and those such as the Lord of the Rings trilogy , made with Hollywood money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226d109cbb076be2d82b7fec858f26dd", "text": "Circle of Life `` Circle of Life '' is a song from Disney 's 1994 animated film The Lion King . Composed by Elton John , with lyrics by Tim Rice , the song was performed by Carmen Twillie ( the deep female lead vocals ) and Lebo M. ( opening Zulu vocals ) as the film 's opening song . In an interview , Rice said he was amazed at the speed with which John composed : `` I gave him the lyrics at the beginning of the session at about two in the afternoon . By half-past three , he 'd finished writing and recording a stunning demo . '' Elton John sang a pop version of the song with the London Community Gospel Choir , which was included in the film 's soundtrack and made into a music video . `` Circle of Life '' was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song in 1994 , along with two other songs from The Lion King : `` Hakuna Matata '' and `` Can You Feel the Love Tonight '' which won the award . The song reached # 11 in the UK and # 18 in the United States and is featured frequently in attractions based on The Lion King , such as Disney theme parks and parades . Michael Crawford sang it as part of a medley for The Disney Album in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf53dbe32833515535890d0abab40104", "text": "Lion dance Lion dance is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture and other Asian countries in which performers mimic a lion 's movements in a lion costume . The lion dance is usually performed during the Chinese New Year and other Chinese traditional , cultural and religious festivals . It may also be performed at important occasions such as business opening events , special celebrations or wedding ceremonies , or may be used to honour special guests by the Chinese communities . The Chinese lion dance is sometimes mistakenly referred to as dragon dance . An easy way to tell the difference is that a lion is normally operated by just two dancers , while a dragon is longer and needs many people . Also , in a lion dance , the performers ' faces are only seen occasionally , since they are inside the lion . In a dragon dance , the performers ' faces can be easily seen since the dragon is held on poles . Chinese lion dance fundamental movements can be found in most Chinese martial arts . There are two main forms of the Chinese lion dance , the Northern Lion and the Southern Lion . Both forms are commonly found in China , but around the world especially in South East Asia , the Southern Lion predominates as it was spread by the Chinese diaspora communities who are historically mostly of Southern Chinese origin . Versions of the lion dance are also found in Japan , Korea , Tibet and Vietnam . Another form of lion dance exists in Indonesian culture , but it may be of a different tradition and may be referred to as Singa Barong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a028122c9a8a8940fb84718c5a81487", "text": "The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure The Lion King : Simba ′ s Mighty Adventure is a video game based on Walt Disney Pictures ′ animated film The Lion King . The title was published by Activision in 2000 , and was released on Game Boy Color and PlayStation . Unlike the previous The Lion King video game , it adhered more closely to the events in the film and the storyline carried on into The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , with Simba having to battle his evil uncle Scar , rescue his daughter Kiara ( the protagonist from The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride ) , and finally battle Zira . This game was the only console-based platform game to involve The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride . All other games based on the title were educational or puzzle games and were released on the PC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d24e8dc9df0f3c69d921b0295c72def", "text": "List of Kimba the White Lion episodes These are the episodes of the anime television series Kimba the White Lion ( Jungle Emperor ) . The series originally ran from October 6 , 1965 , to September 28 , 1966 , in Japan and from September 11 , 1966 , to September 3 , 1967 , in the U.S. There were two English dubs produced for this anime series . The first ( and more widely viewed ) English dub was produced by Titan Productions for NBC Enterprises to license and run in syndication in the United States , with a handful of talented voice actors . Despite that they dubbed all 52 episodes of the series , 49 of them have been aired in a mixed up order , in the United States , due to the NBC catalog order of how they aired them in sequence . On September 30 , 1978 , the license for NBC to hold the rights to the English dub has dropped due to the bankruptcy of Mushi Productions being bankrupt earlier in 1973 . Afterwards , the Titan Productions English dub was no longer available to view at that time . In 1993 , Fumio Suzuki made plans to bring the series to television once more to the English-speaking market . After the legal battles of who was going to gain ownership , a Canadian company from Toronto known as Zaza Sound Productions Ltd. won the rights to produce a second English dub of the anime series with a handful of Canadian voice actors , as well as airing this dub in several English-speaking regions ( Australia , United Kingdom , etc. ) , with CEG Distribution distributing the series . Landmark Entertainment Group Inc. , Susuki Associates and CEG Cinema Partners have also contributed to this dub . Fans have often labeled this as the `` Canadian dub '' . It was said to be a remake of the 1966 U.S. English dub , with a more faithful translation of the original Japanese scripts , but had to create a whole new soundtrack composed by Paul J. Zaza , since they were unable to use the original soundtrack composed by Isao Tomita which was also used in the 1966 U.S. English dub . This version was also more edited including heavy cuts and changes . In 1995 , A low-budget American company known as UAV Corporation released a limited number of episodes of the 1993 Canadian English re-dub on VHS in North America , under the title Kimba the Lion Prince .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5ac1153451460f57677e629c0ee3f4", "text": "Cinema of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cinema encompasses the films made in Sri Lanka . It is a fledgling industry that has struggled to find a footing since its inauguration in 1947 with Kadawunu Poronduwa produced by S.M. Nayagam of Chitra Kala Movietone . Sri Lankan films are usually made in the Sinhalese language , the language of the majority Sinhala people . In the first nine years most films were made in South India and followed the conventions of Indian cinema . Studio shooting was the norm , with Indian style sets erected in film studios . Even though it is popularly held that Rekava , made in 1956 by pioneer director Lester James Peries , was the first Sinhala film to be shot completely out of studio , it was really the film `` Gambada Sundari '' , made in 1950 which was the first film shot outside studios . It was also the first Sri Lankan film where , like in `` Rekawa '' , the dialog was recorded on the spot . This was because the film was shot on 16mm , using an Auricon sound-on-film camera which recorded the sound on the 16mm film optically , unlike in the case of where the sound was recorded on a Kinevox 35mm magnetic recorder . The film was later ` blown-up ' to 35mm and was screened in Colombo in 1950 . Though `` Rekawa '' was acclaimed by local and international critics , the film failed to find an audience in the country and was a box office failure . Films continued to follow formulaic storylines borrowed from India up through the early 1960s despite such efforts as Sandesaya and Kurulu Bedda . In 1964 , Lester James Peries again contributed to the development of Sri Lankan cinema with Gamperaliya which was the first Sinhala film to feature no songs and like Rekava shot completely outside the studio . It garnered massive praise for portraying Sinhala culture in a realistic manner and was hailed by critics and audiences alike . The producer Anton Wicremasinghe was awarded the Silver Peacock at the New Delhi International Film Festival for Gamperaliya . Following this breakthrough , several artistic Sinhala films were made in the late-1960s including Sath Samudura by professor Siri Gunasinghe , ably supported by exquisite cinematography by Dr.D.B . Nihalsinghe . During the 1970s several talents came to the forefront while commercial cinema continued to steal storylines and plots from Indian films . These include Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha with `` Weilkatara '' - Sri Lanka 's first film in Cinemascope ratio wide screen in 1972 ; Vasantha Obeysekera who followed up his well-received debut Ves Gatho with a slew of successful films culminating with Palangetiyo in 1979 . Another major director who stepped forward during this time is Dharmasena Pathiraja who examined the tensions of city youth in such works as Bambaru Awith and Ahas Gauwa . Artist and poet Mahagama Sekera 's sole film Thun Man Handiya is also an important film in Sri Lankan cinema released in 1970 . Sumitra Peries , the wife of Lester James Peries , also struck out during the 1970s with work that looked at the conflicting roles of women in society . Her work include Gehenu Lamai and Ganga Addara . Over the next few decades , artists such as Tissa Abeysekara , Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha , Udayakantha Warnasooriya , H.D.Premaratne , Ashoka Handagama , Prasanna Vithanage and Vimukthi Jayasundara have attempted to breathe new life into the industry . Nihalsingha was an accomplished cinematographer as well as an editor : so his films has an input which was special and brought a viewpoint to all his films , most of which focused on the exploited women . Vithanage 's film Purahanda Kaluwara is widely considered one of the best movies made in Sri Lanka as is Jayasundara 's Sulanga Enu Pinisa which won the coveted Camera d'Or for best first film at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . During Sri Lankan Civil War several films have begun to tackle gritty subjects such as family relationships , abortion and results of the conflict between the military and Tamil Tiger rebels in the north . Director Asoka Handagama especially has drawn criticism for pursuing such material in his work . In the recent years high budget films like Aloko Udapadi , Aba ( film ) and Maharaja Gemunu based on Sinhalese epic historical stories gain huge success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91365466d68218c3a103657dcff5fd87", "text": "Richard the Lionheart (disambiguation) Richard the Lionheart or similar names can refer to : - King Richard I of England Riccardo Primo , opera by Handel , 1727 Richard the Lionheart ( TV series ) , ITV production from around 1960 Richard Coeur de Lion ( play ) , 1876 semi-opera Richard Coeur-de-lion ( opera ) , French opera by André Grétry Richard the Lion-Hearted ( 1923 film ) , starring Wallace Beery Richard the Lionheart ( 2013 film ) , starring Gregory Chandler", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6417cb57932eb77d595a8dbb79eb86d", "text": "Lion mask Lion mask is a motif used from antiquity as an emblem of strength , courage , and majesty . The lion mask holding a ring in its mouth for a handle derives from furniture from ancient Rome and it continues to be popular as doorknocker . Both Venetian and Façon de Venise goblets feature decorative prunts moulded in the lion mask shapes alluding to the symbol of Venice , the Lion of Saint Mark . From the early to mid-18th century , the lion mask enjoyed popularity as a favoured motif for furniture ornament , used as an arm rest support or to decorate a cabriole leg . Occasionally , a lion 's paw or pelt appears alongside the mask . Category : Masks in Europe Category : Lions in art", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3fc8786895e87624acbf774f04f73e", "text": "Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. . Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. . Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3ea11c93d1cf959d1a47439125ebf62a	Grey's Anatomy focuses on the lives of characters.	[ { "docid": "d9f4775a2773c1c0b23c1f7d6cbb4f13", "text": "Grey's Anatomy Grey 's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) as a mid-season replacement on March 27 , 2005 . The series focuses on the fictional lives of surgical interns , residents and attending physicians , as they evolve into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships . The title is a play on Gray 's Anatomy , a human anatomy textbook by Henry Gray . The show 's premise originated with Shonda Rhimes , who serves as an executive producer , along with Betsy Beers , Mark Gordon , Krista Vernoff , Rob Corn , Mark Wilding , and Allan Heinberg . Although it is set in Seattle at the fictional Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital ( formerly Seattle Grace ) it is primarily filmed in Los Angeles , California . The show was originally titled Complications , a reference to the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters . The series was created to be racially diverse , utilizing a color-blind casting technique . It revolves around the title character , Dr. Meredith Grey , played by Ellen Pompeo . The original cast consisted of nine star-billed actors : Pompeo , Sandra Oh , Katherine Heigl , Justin Chambers , T. R. Knight , Chandra Wilson , James Pickens Jr. , Isaiah Washington and Patrick Dempsey . The cast has undergone major changes through the show 's run , with many members leaving and being replaced by others . In its twelfth season , the show had a large ensemble of sixteen actors , including four from the original cast . On February 10 , 2017 , ABC renewed Grey 's Anatomy for a fourteenth season , which will premiere in the fall of 2017 . Grey 's Anatomy , even in its thirteenth season , is ABC 's highest-rated drama ; although its ratings have fallen over the course of its run ( it was once among the overall top 10 shows in the United States ) , it is still one of the highest rated shows among the 18 -- 49 demographic , and the No. 3 drama on all of broadcast television . Grey 's Anatomy has been well received by critics throughout much of its run , and has been included in various critics 's year-end top ten lists . Since its inception , the show has been described by the media outlets as a television `` phenomenon '' or a `` juggernaut , '' owing to its longevity and dominant ratings . It is considered to have had a significant impact on popular culture and has received numerous awards , including the 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama . It has received multiple Emmy nominations , including two for Outstanding Drama Series . In 2012 , Grey 's Anatomy was named the fifth-highest revenue earning show , in terms of advertising per half-hour . It is the longest running scripted primetime show currently airing on ABC , and the second-longest scripted primetime ABC show ever .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d6d54567b1f7337578fad1fa97ff5b4b", "text": "Narrative medicine Narrative medicine is a medical approach that utilizes people 's narratives in clinical practice , research , and education as a way to promote healing . It aims to address the relational and psychological dimensions that occur in tandem with physical illness , with the attempt to treat patients as humans with individual stories , rather than purely based on symptoms . In doing this , narrative medicine aims not only to validate the experience of the patient , but also to encourage creativity and self-reflection in the physician . The value of narrative medicine has been summarized as follows :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "437f4bb7f171df3746202597cf2b251b", "text": "The Night Shift (TV series) The Night Shift is an American medical drama series that premiered on May 27 , 2014 , on NBC . The series was created by Gabe Sachs and Jeff Judah , and follows the lives of the staff who work the late night shift in the emergency room at San Antonio Memorial Hospital . On May 8 , 2015 , NBC renewed The Night Shift for a third season , which ran from June 1 to August 31 , 2016 . On November 17 , 2016 , NBC renewed the series for a fourth season , which will premiere on June 22 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b167a4a161f8066b65d8dbf19ff6a5e7", "text": "Catherine Banfield Catherine `` Cate '' Banfield is a fictional character in the American medical drama ER , portrayed by Angela Bassett . She is an attending physician with a mysterious past with County General . Bassett 's addition into the main cast opening credits was in the 2nd episode of season 15 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "126f2d32b7efeceda76f3e9676965282", "text": "Tim Griffin (actor) Tim Griffin is a film and television actor best known for his roles in Grey 's Anatomy , Prime Suspect , Covert Affairs and Wayward Pines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb969ef0c2d14090bf0aab6fd1527f2", "text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4) The fourth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy , commenced airing in the United States on September 27 , 2007 and concluded on May 22 , 2008 . The season continues the story of a group of surgeons and their mentors in the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital , describing their professional lives and the way they affect the personal background of each character . Season four had twelve series regulars with ten of them returning from the previous season , out of which eight are part of the original cast from the first season . The season aired in the Thursday night timeslot at 9:00 EST. . In addition to the regular seventeen episodes , a clip-show narrated by the editors of People recapped previous events of the show and made the transition from Grey 's Anatomy to Private Practice , a spin-off focusing of Dr. Addison Montgomery and aired on September 19 , 2007 , before the season premiere . The season was officially released on DVD as a five-disc boxset under the title of Grey 's Anatomy : Season Four -- Expanded on September 9 , 2008 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment . For the first time in the show 's history , many cast changes occur , seeing the first departure of two main cast members . Despite garnering several awards and nominations for the cast members and the production team , the season received a mixed response from critics and fans . Show creator Shonda Rhimes heavily contributed to the production of the season , writing five out of the seventeen episodes . The highest-rated episode was the season premiere , which was watched by 20.93 million viewers . The season was interrupted by the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike , which resulted in the production of only seventeen episodes , instead of twenty-three originally planned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "659f36997488e16eadb93d008457befc", "text": "Days of Our Lives characters (1960s) A list of notable characters from the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between November 8 , 1965 , and the end of 1969 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "939d4b20442ea3b1c7e1eccd555eab76", "text": "Dr. Neil Roberts Dr. Neil Roberts is a fictional character on the FOX series , The O.C. , portrayed by Michael Nouri . A plastic surgeon in wealthy Newport Beach , California , Neil is the father of Summer Roberts . He was married to Summer 's mother until his daughter was 13 years old , when Summer 's mother left for unexplained reasons . This was at the time that Luke Ward had his 13th birthday party , which also when Seth had his Bar Mitzvah . Summer had RSVP 'd to Seth that she was going to come to his Bar Mitzvah , but she wanted to go to Luke 's party instead . Summer 's parents would n't let her go to Luke 's event due to her prior engagement , so she locked herself in her room for days , and when she came out her mother had left . No one came to Seth 's Bar Mitzvah as they all went to Luke 's party . Rarely seen during the first two seasons , Neil has an increased presence by the middle of the third season when he develops a relationship with the widowed and newly economically challenged Julie Cooper , as he alludes to an unraveling marriage to Summer 's stepmother . Neil and Julie then get engaged . He proposed to Summer 's mother on a cruise ship after dating for a week , leading Summer to panic when she intercepts his mail and finds a travel brochure for a cruise . But after the death of Marissa , Julie becomes addicted to medication pills , and Neil is seen by Kaitlin Cooper with his ex-wife , whom Summer calls `` stepmonster '' . Neil and Julie break up , and Neil moves to Seattle to work at Seattle Grace Hospital ( home of Grey 's Anatomy ) . He kept a skeleton called `` Uncle Alistair '' , which Summer explains was from his medical school days , in the attic . In a flashforward , his only daughter Summer , marries Seth . However , Dr. Roberts does not appear in the wedding , despite his paternal love for Summer . Subsequently , Summer walks alone down the aisle , but she does not appear to be affected negatively by the absence of her father .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cba7b20f4b31889a3ba7644643c444c7", "text": "George Lotrell Timanus George Lotrell Timanus ( January 31 , 1892 -- June 1981 ) was a physician who performed illegal abortions in the Baltimore/Washington , D.C. area from 1920 to 1951 . Timanus and one other abortion provider performed an estimated 90 % criminal abortions in Baltimore . In 1950 , Timanus used his criminal trial to challenge the abortion laws in the United States , as Aleck Bourne had done in the UK . However , his trial and that of another doctor , Edgar Keemer , were not understood as challenges by the public , and Timanus and Keemer did not recruit other doctors or patients to their cause in a way that might have built a movement or sparked national conversation . He was fined $ 5,000 , sentenced to six months in jail , and barred from further practice of medicine . Timanus participated in the Planned Parenthood Conference on Abortion in America in 1955 . He gave a detailed breakdown of his patients , of whom he kept meticulous records , noting that of 5,200 women on whom he had performed abortions , only two had died . As Garrett Hardin noted , this 0.04 % rate , in the days before antibiotics , was not only far lower than the mortality rate for women carrying to term at the time , but still only half the maternal mortality rate a generation later . At the conference , Timanus also lamented that of the 353 doctors who referred patients to him -- some of them , Timanus claimed , with letters recommending abortion -- none stood up to testify for him when he was arrested . Timanus asked referring doctors to make a written statement that the abortion was necessary because her life would otherwise be jeopardized . The breakdown of Timanus ' patients was as follows : Age 12 - 15 : 17 Age 16 - 20 : 688 Age 21 - 25 : 1,834 Age 26 - 30 : 1,268 Age 31 - 40 : 1,312 Age 41 + : 91 Single : 1,830 Married : 2,773 Widowed/Divorced/Separated : 607 Physicians : 7 Wives of physicians : 58 Nurses : 270 Mary Calderone , then Medical Director of Planned Parenthood Federation of America , noted that Timanus `` certainly seemed to be very competent and professional . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0da6d5cf44437615564c3c2c52924257", "text": "Miami Medical Miami Medical ( formerly titled Miami Trauma ) is a medical drama television series that aired on CBS from April 2 to July 2 , 2010 . It follows the professional and private lives of a team of trauma surgeons . The series was created by Jeffrey Lieber and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer Television and Warner Bros. . Television . On May 18 , 2010 , CBS cancelled the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76f333d3fa2d2ff3c33a9fbaaa5918cf", "text": "Medical scribe A medical scribe is a person , or paraprofessional , who specializes in charting physician-patient encounters in real time , such as during medical examinations . Depending on which area of practice the scribe works in , the position may also be called clinical scribe , ER scribe or ED scribe ( in the emergency department ) , or just scribe ( when the context is implicit ) . A scribe is trained in health information management and the use of health information technology to support it . A scribe can work on-site ( at a hospital or clinic ) or remotely from a HIPAA-secure facility . Medical scribes who work at an off-site location are known as virtual medical scribes and normally work in clinical settings . A medical scribe 's primary duties are to follow a physician through his or her work day and chart patient encounters in real-time using a medical office 's electronic health record ( EHR ) and existing templates . Medical scribes also generate referral letters for physicians , manage and sort medical documents within the EHR system , and assist with e-prescribing . Medical scribes can be thought of as data care managers , enabling physicians , medical assistants , and nurses to focus on patient in-take and care during clinic hours . Medical scribes , by handling data management tasks for physicians in real-time , free the physician to increase patient contact time , give more thought to complex cases , better manage patient flow through the department , and increase productivity to see more patients . The introduction of electronic health records has revolutionized the practice of medicine . However , the complexity of some systems has resulted in providers spending more time documenting the encounter instead of speaking with and examining the patient . A tool which was intended to elevate some problems of clinical documentation has caused many problems for the very people who were supposed to benefit from the technology - the providers . As a result , providers are experiencing burnout and dissatisfaction . An increasing body of research has shown the use of medical scribes is associated with improved overall physician productivity , cost - and time-savings , and patient satisfaction . An in-depth study conducted by The Vancouver Clinic in Vancouver , WA from 2011-2012 found that medical scribes improved the quality of clinical documentation and allowed doctors to see extra patients , while noting the risks associated with scribe turnover and doctors ' unfamiliarity with the scribe concept . Notably , research has recommended that healthcare providers employ medical scribes to reduce time spent performing data entry and other administrative tasks , which can increase physician fatigue and dissatisfaction . There is distinction between a medical scribe and a Certified Medical Scribe Specialist or a Certified Medical Scribe Apprentice , appropriately certified and credentialed through the American College of Medical Scribe Specialists . CMS recognizes appropriately credentialed and certified professionals in Physician/CMSS or Physician/CMSA teams . Personnel entering CEHRT must be certified if not the licensed clinician themselves . CMSS scribes are assisting clinicians in meeting national iniatives and goals , in addition to innovating the healthcare system through full scope of clinical informatics/medical assistive skill sets . All physicians attesting for Meaningful Use , now Advancing Care Information through MACRA , must be certified for clinical documentation audit compliance . Physicians and Mid-Levels for Practice Administration : `` CMS has asked that each clinician/provider/practice retain a copy of the Specialist crosswalk and certification documentation in their files just as they would retain documentation outlining their individual approach and method , as well as staffing protocols for audit purposes . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3901bbb784cbb48369017f6c241fff5d", "text": "Our Children, Ourselves `` Our Children , Ourselves '' is the 12th episode of the second season of the American television comedy series , Modern Family and the 36th overall episode of the series . Executive producers Dan O'Shannon & Bill Wrubel wrote the episode , and Adam Shankman directed it . The episode originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) in the United States on January 12 , 2011 . It featured guest star Mary Lynn Rajskub as Mitchell 's ex-girlfriend . In this episode , the dedication of Alex to learning makes Phil and Claire question themselves . Gloria tries to meet new friends . Mitchell runs into an ex-girlfriend while out with his current boyfriend , Cameron . `` Our Children , Ourselves '' received generally positive reviews from television critics with many praising the `` twist ending '' to Mitchell and Cameron 's storyline . According to the Nielsen Media Research , the episode was viewed by 11.12 million households during its original broadcast , and received a 4.2 rating/10 percent share among viewers in the 18 -- 49 demographic and became the second highest-rated ABC program of the original week it aired after Grey 's Anatomy . Sarah Hyland does not appear in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c965c4336abfaa9e3cadd5e58a5b1edb", "text": "Soap opera rapid aging syndrome Soap opera rapid aging syndrome ( SORAS ) is the practice of accelerating the age of a television or film character ( usually a child or teenager ) in conflict with the timeline of a series and/or the real-world progression of time . This allows for , for instance , storylines around a pregnancy and birth to be relatively quickly followed by storylines around the travails of that child as a teenager or young adult . This is usually accomplished by recasting the actor playing the part , although in some cases the character is not shown onscreen , only mentioned , until after they have been `` rapidly aged '' . The process originated ( and is most commonly used ) in daytime soap operas , though it is also sometimes used in prime time shows . On sitcoms , a newborn infant character is sometimes aged quickly into a kindergartner , for greater comic potential , as was done with the character Chrissy Seaver on Growing Pains in 1990 . The term was coined by Soap Opera Weekly founding editor-in-chief Mimi Torchin in the early days of the magazine , which began publishing in 1989 . It is now widely used in the soap opera media and is sometimes used as a verb as well ( `` the character was SORASed '' ) . Torchin has jokingly called it `` my one greatest contribution to the world of soap operas . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb338cef415fce471641b40c7957409d", "text": "Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis , also known as hypochondria , health anxiety or illness anxiety disorder , refers to worry about having a serious illness . This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition . An individual suffering from hypochondriasis is known as a hypochondriac . Hypochondriacs become unduly alarmed about any physical or psychological symptoms they detect , no matter how minor the symptom may be , and are convinced that they have , or are about to be diagnosed with , a serious illness . Often , hypochondria persists even after a physician has evaluated a person and reassured them that their concerns about symptoms do not have an underlying medical basis or , if there is a medical illness , their concerns are far in excess of what is appropriate for the level of disease . Many hypochondriacs focus on a particular symptom as the catalyst of their worrying , such as gastro-intestinal problems , palpitations , or muscle fatigue . To qualify for the diagnosis of hypochondria the symptoms must have been experienced for at least 6 months . The DSM-IV-TR defines this disorder , `` Hypochondriasis '' , as a somatoform disorder and one study has shown it to affect about 3 % of the visitors to primary care settings . The newly published DSM-5 replaces the diagnosis of hypochondriasis with the diagnoses of `` somatic symptom disorder '' and `` illness anxiety disorder '' . Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily or mental symptoms may indicate a serious illness , constant self-examination and self-diagnosis , and a preoccupation with one 's body . Many individuals with hypochondriasis express doubt and disbelief in the doctors ' diagnosis , and report that doctors ' reassurance about an absence of a serious medical condition is unconvincing , or short-lasting . Additionally , many hypochondriacs experience elevated blood pressure , stress , and anxiety in the presence of doctors or while occupying a medical facility , a condition known as `` white coat syndrome '' . Many hypochondriacs require constant reassurance , either from doctors , family , or friends , and the disorder can become a disabling torment for the individual with hypochondriasis , as well as his or her family and friends . Some hypochondriacal individuals completely avoid any reminder of illness , whereas others frequently visit medical facilities , sometimes obsessively . Some sufferers may never speak about it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4fa67d5fe94bda2a67255bb3ab56896", "text": "List of ER episodes ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Entertainment , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . Over the course of the series , 331 episodes aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1634dc437bfc9fbf4261ee7ab686cdba", "text": "List of family members and friends in ER This partial list of fictional characters in the medical drama ER encompasses the notable family members and friends of the main characters of the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07cd83192e2fa12eba1d135cfbd1198e", "text": "Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill . Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dd7617fc9adbcd50c8f183fba53995c", "text": "Progress note Progress Notes are the part of a medical record where healthcare professionals record details to document a patient 's clinical status or achievements during the course of a hospitalization or over the course of outpatient care . Reassessment data may be recorded in the Progress Notes , Master Treatment Plan ( MTP ) and/or MTP review . Progress notes are written in a variety of formats and detail , depending on the clinical situation at hand and the information the clinician wishes to record . One example is the SOAP note , where the note is organized into Subjective , Objective , Assessment , and Plan sections . Another example is the DART system , organized into Description , Assessment , Response , and Treatment . Documentation of care and treatment is an extremely important part of the treatment process . Progress notes are written by both physicians and nurses to document patient care on a regular interval during a patient 's hospitalization . Progress notes serve as a record of events during a patient 's care , allow clinicians to compare past status to current status , serve to communicate findings , opinions and plans between physicians and other members of the medical care team , and allow retrospective review of case details for a variety of interested parties . They are the repository of medical facts and clinical thinking , and are intended to be a concise vehicle of communication about a patient 's condition to those who access the health record . The majority of the medical record consists of progress notes documenting the care delivered and the clinical events relevant to diagnosis and treatment for a patient . They should be readable , easily understood , complete , accurate , and concise . They must also be flexible enough to logically convey to others what happened during an encounter , e.g. , the chain of events during the visit , as well as guaranteeing full accountability for documented material , e.g. , who recorded the information and when it was recorded . Physicians are generally required to generate at least one progress note for each patient encounter . Physician documentation is then usually included in the patient 's chart and used for medical , legal , and billing purposes . Nurses are required to generate progress notes on a more frequent basis , depending on the level of care and may be required anywhere from several times an hour to several times a day .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5bc3914f7bb1cd85fb27cd6129caaa43	Jordan Knight acts.	[ { "docid": "28d78bf65f4805c9e8432b962ab227f3", "text": "Jordan Knight Jordan Nathaniel Marcel Knight ( born May 17 , 1970 ) is an American singer-songwriter and actor , best known as the lead singer of the boy band New Kids on the Block ( NKOTB ) , who rose to fame in the 1980s and 1990s . He is best known for his distinctive falsetto style of singing , influenced by The Stylistics . After New Kids on the Block split in 1994 , he launched a solo career . Jordan 's first solo album , released in 1999 , and his latest solo album , released in 2011 , reached the Top 50 on the US Billboard 200 . As of 2011 , he released four Top 40 singles ; the most well known being `` Give It to You '' in 1999 . Knight has released three solo albums , one remix album and one EP . On May 31 , 2011 , Knight released the studio album , Unfinished . Knight has sold over 1.5 million records worldwide as a solo artist . In 2015 , Boston City Council declared February 7 `` Jordan Knight Day . ''", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "040d496387d864422a5502613aae749f", "text": "List of Jordanian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Jordan is one of one hundred countries that have submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Their first submission was sent in Fall 2008 . The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 Jordan have submitted three films for Oscar consideration , with one of them being nominated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e250d4a2eb0085b2c29f8950af5fd9", "text": "Royal Film Commission – Jordan The Royal Film Commission of Jordan ( RFC ) was established to develop an internationally competitive Jordanian film industry . Founded in accordance with the Royal Film Commission Law No. 27 in 2003 and approved by Law No. 22 in 2008 , RFC is a financially and administratively autonomous Jordanian government organization led by a Board of Commissioners chaired by His Royal Highness Prince Ali Bin Al-Hussein . Noted Jordanian artist Ali Maher served as the film commissioner of the organization prior to his passing . The RFC is a member of the Association of Film Commissioners International ( AFCI ) . The ( AFCI ) is the official professional and educational organization for film commissions . AFCI Members assist feature , television , commercial , industrial and photography production throughout the world . The Location Managers Guild recognized the RFC with the LMGI Award for Outstanding Film Commission in 2017 for its work on Rogue One : A Star Wars Story , which filmed at Wadi Rum . The RFC had previously been nominated for its work on The Martian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac9b47f5bae389633a818d3a790276b", "text": "The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos . Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker . A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60169983171c49ebef64ae113f492cc2", "text": "Orlando Jordan Orlando Mason Jordan ( born April 21 , 1974 ) is an American-Australian semi-retired professional wrestler . He is best known for his tenure in World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , where he was a one-time United States Champion . He is also known for his stint with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b62d614f216de242d6c0fa7dad99ee2", "text": "Nick & Knight Tour The Nick & Knight Tour is a co-headlining tour by American recording artists Nick Carter and Jordan Knight . The tour supported their collaborative studio album , Nick & Knight . The tour began September 2014 in Nashville , Tennessee and played over 30 shows in the United States and Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b471df8a1a22775d42e86017b59f987", "text": "Christopher and Kevin Graves Christopher Jordan and Kevin Justin Graves are two American child actors ( born May 2 , 1989 in California ) . Their acting career started in 1990 , when they played `` Lucas Stansbury Jones '' on the soap opera General Hospital . During the next 5 years , they had recurring roles on Baby Talk ( as `` Baby Max '' , Feb. 1991 - May 1992 ) , Cheers ( as `` Frederick Crane '' , April 1991 - January 1993 ) , Dangerous Women ( as `` Robbie Walker '' , 1991 ) , Life Goes On ( as `` Baby Nick '' , Sept. 1992 - Feb. 1993 ) , and The Bold and the Beautiful ( as `` C.J. Garrison '' , 1994 -- 1995 ) . Since 1996 , they have only been seen twice on TV : First on ER ( as `` Danny '' and `` Josh '' , May 1996 ) , and then on The X-Files ( as `` Kid '' , February 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d1c3477a0e3f0e1020a858217b74536", "text": "Elliot Knight Elliot Knight is a British actor . He is known for his role as Sinbad in the British television series Sinbad . He portrayed Merlin on the American fantasy television series Once Upon a Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8520fe7539fe6075db1ba0d54265b9d5", "text": "Alex Jordan Alex Jordan ( September 20 , 1963 -- July 2 , 1995 ) was an American pornographic actress . Jordan appeared in 166 adult films from 1991 to 1995 and was named `` Best New Starlet '' by Adult Video News in 1993 . She committed suicide by hanging on July 2 , 1995 , while her husband was in Colorado trying to set up a ski shop so that she could leave the business .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "addb82047c6912ac4e88ed0b5853adcf", "text": "Austin Film Critics Association Awards 2008 4th AFCA Awards Best Film : The Dark Knight The 4th Austin Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in filmmaking for 2008 , were announced on December 16 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecee1e7336726fb3d24ccef2d0033836", "text": "Tom Knight Tom Knight or Thomas Knight may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0d162f00d0b2a7f17c6ba9b046b2088", "text": "Jeremy Jordan (actor born 1984) Jeremy Michael Jordan ( born November 20 , 1984 ) is an American actor , dancer and singer . He has performed on Broadway and in television and film , as well as in other theatrical productions . He is best known for the roles of Jack Kelly in the 2012 musical Newsies and Clyde Barrow in the 2011 musical Bonnie & Clyde . He currently plays Winslow `` Winn '' Schott , Jr. , the son of DC Comics villain character Toyman , on the CBS / CW DC Comics based superhero drama series Supergirl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "372c026cdd1111f825d010d6839beaec", "text": "Arabian Knight (comics) Arabian Knight is a title used by three fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . All three characters are superheroes from Saudi Arabia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c101996a6c3a7a4dc103b64e697c0ae4", "text": "Jordan Christopher Jordan Christopher ( October 23 , 1940 -- January 21 , 1996 ) was an American actor and singer . He was the lead singer of The Wild Ones , who recorded the original version of the rock classic `` Wild Thing '' after Christopher had left the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50f25a593a4473bb25239ccd4f9ba2be", "text": "Peter Jordan (presenter) Peter Jordan ( sometimes known as Rocki Rolletti ) is a Canadian actor and television presenter . He is best known for the work series It 's a Living , which aired on CBC Television from 1989 to 2003 . Peter was also a regular contributor to CBWT 's 24Hours LateNight program in the 1980s . Peter has won two Gemini Awards for Best Host Lifestyle or Performing Arts Program or Series for the It 's a Living series ( 1998 eps . 1 & 5 , and 2000 season ) and was a four-time nominee in the same category . When the full hour of news returned to CBWT in Winnipeg on February 19 , it was announced that Peter would host a new segment called W6 ( Who , What , When , Where , Why , Winnipeg ) . In 2008 , he acted in the romantic comedy New in Town , with Renée Zellweger and Harry Connick Jr. , filmed in Selkirk , MB .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa01a28988dd862190f41d40ce54fe35", "text": "Dirty Dancing (song) `` Dirty Dancing '' is the third overall single from New Kids on the Block 's 2008 album , The Block . It was produced by RedOne . The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bb1e1372c552b1c2d9b5c28dac6989f", "text": "Golden Knight The Golden Knight is a fictional character , a comic book knight published by DC Comics . He first appeared in The Demon vol . 3 , # 20 ( February 1992 ) , and was created by Alan Grant and Val Semeiks . The character is based on the mythical knight Percival as defined by Chrétien de Troyes ' unfinished fifth romance , Perceval , le Conte du Graal ( Perceval , the Story of the Grail ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcea53e4964fc70e623f0de2fbe3b6d2", "text": "JFH: Justice For Hire JFH : Justice For Hire ( also known as JFH , Justice For Hire , and JFH : Justice-For-Hire ) is a mixed martial arts themed entertainment property that encompasses a series of comic books , films , videos , music , and animations . The JFH story follows two sons of a duo of vigilante fathers that get their family 's hero-for-hire business legalized , spawning a worldwide industry of heroes , villains , and mercenaries for hire dubbed the Retribution Industry . Produced and published by Creative Impulse Entertainment , JFH remains one of the first examples of transmedia storytelling in the comic book industry . JFH was created by real-life father/son martial arts champions and comic book writers Jan C. Childress and Jan Lucanus . Lucanus appears as a regular cast member in the live action content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ebd5f3d4b825edb9d3af4f89ac4ab7e", "text": "Gregory Jbara Gregory Jbara ( -LSB- dʒəˈbɑrə -RSB- born September 28 , 1961 ) is an American film , television and stage actor , and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f74347e412126d24b6a9b274b52b3dbd", "text": "Theatrical jousting Coined in the late 20th century by American stunt performer Kent Shelton , the term theatrical jousting refers to a form of live entertainment in which a medieval jousting tournament is recreated in conjunction with a scripted performance . Alternative terms are `` jousting reenactment '' or `` choreographed jousting '' . The Hanlon-Lees Action Theater is credited with developing the theatrical joust format in 1979 ; its first appearance was at the New York Renaissance Faire in Tuxedo , New York . This type of performance has become very popular at various renaissance fairs by the early 2000s . Typically a three-act affair , the theatrical joust consists of a display of skill ; a mock battle which results in a verbal challenge ; an armed joust on horseback , often `` to the death . '' A variety of colorful characters , either villainous or heroic , give the audience ( which is usually divided into sectors based upon the number of `` knights '' ) a particular person to root for or against . As the show must be repeated on a daily or weekly basis , all fights are carefully choreographed and rehearsed . Horses must be trained to withstand such peculiarities as the clatter of steel weaponry , the occurrence of a rider being knocked from the saddle , and the roar of large crowds . Special makeup and/or property effects are often incorporated into the performance to provide the illusion of violent death or shattering equipment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0f2d456825c0a89c597cb1068913397", "text": "The Dark Knight (video game) The Dark Knight is a cancelled action video game loosely based on the film of the same name . The game was unofficially announced in the summer of 2007 to be developed by Pandemic Studios as an open world Batman game . The game was confirmed , albeit unofficially , on July 18 , 2008 by actor Gary Oldman during an interview with G4 's Kristin Adams . In his interview on GameTrailers , Oldman said he knew an awful lot of effort had gone into getting Batman 's gliding abilities to feel suitably smooth and fluid for The Dark Knight game . Oldman , who reprised his role as Lt. Jim Gordon , did not name a developer in the interview but anonymous sources reported that The Dark Knight was a secret project of Pandemic Studios and EA . Despite prior speculation , no further announcements were made regarding production of the game , even upon the DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of the films on December 9 , 2008 in the United States . According to a Newsweek article , the lack of a game at the same time of the movie 's release may have cost an estimated $ 101 million in missed revenue . EA and Pandemic Studios had announced that the game would come out on the PlayStation 3 . Pandemic Brisbane , who were responsible for developing this game , has since been shut down and the project cancelled . In 2009 , Warner Bros. would instead publish Batman : Arkham Asylum with Rocksteady Studios as the developer , which would start the Batman : Arkham series .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a8c38b9afca326538cea85e4f4daee10	On February 5, 2012, Super Bowl XLVI was played.	[ { "docid": "9a8256527ce002349e120b488666c081", "text": "Super Bowl XLVI Super Bowl XLVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2011 season . The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 21 -- 17 . The game was played on February 5 , 2012 , at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis , the first time that the Super Bowl was played in the state of Indiana . In addition to winning their fourth Super Bowl in team history , the Giants set a new record for the lowest regular season record ( 9 -- 7 , win percentage of 56.3 % ) by a Super Bowl champion . The Patriots entered the game with a 13 -- 3 regular season record , and were also seeking their fourth Super Bowl win . The game was also a rematch of Super Bowl XLII , in which New York also won , 17 -- 14 , to spoil New England 's run at a perfect 2007 season in what is now considered to be one of the greatest upsets in sports history . Super Bowl XLVI also marked the third consecutive matchup between teams from divisions with the same cardinal directions , with the Giants/Patriots from the NFC/AFC East , Super Bowl XLV between the Green Bay Packers/Pittsburgh Steelers from the NFC/AFC North , and Super Bowl XLIV between the New Orleans Saints/Indianapolis Colts from the NFC/AFC South . Two years later , the Seattle Seahawks/Denver Broncos , from the NFC/AFC West , would continue this trend when they met each other for Super Bowl XLVIII . The Giants jumped to a 9 -- 0 lead in the first quarter of Super Bowl XLVI before the Patriots scored 17 unanswered points to take a 17 -- 9 lead in the third quarter . But the Giants prevented the Patriots from scoring again , and two consecutive New York field goals chipped away New England 's lead , 17 -- 15 , late in the third quarter . The Giants capped off an 88-yard drive with running back Ahmad Bradshaw 's 6-yard game-winning touchdown with 57 seconds left in the game . Eli Manning , who completed 30 of 40 passes for 296 yards , one touchdown , and no interceptions , was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in his career . He became the third consecutive quarterback to win the award after Aaron Rodgers in Super Bowl XLV and Drew Brees in Super Bowl XLIV . The broadcast of the game on NBC broke the then record for the most-watched program in American television history , previously set during the previous year 's Super Bowl . Super Bowl XLVI was watched by an estimated average audience of 111.3 million US viewers and an estimated total audience of 166.8 million , according to Nielsen , meaning that over half of the American population watched at least some of the initial broadcast . The game also set the record for most tweets per second during a sporting event , with 13.7 million tweets from 3 p.m. to 8 p.m. ( PST ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c4c29e82727724eb6896dfdf6b82f9b3", "text": "List of Baltimore Ravens seasons This is a list of seasons completed by the Baltimore Ravens , a professional American football franchise based in Baltimore , Maryland . The Ravens are a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The team began play in the 1996 season as a result of former Cleveland Browns team owner Art Modell 's decision to move the Browns to Baltimore . Overall , the Ravens have won two Super Bowl championships in franchise history : 2000 , when the team defeated the New York Giants 34 -- 7 in Super Bowl XXXV ; and in 2012 , when the team defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34 -- 31 in Super Bowl XLVII . They are currently the only team to reach the Super Bowl multiple times and never lose an appearance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "534fd679e6e2ba42edfba47ca765a4ca", "text": "Charles Haley Charles Lewis Haley ( born January 6 , 1964 ) is a former American football linebacker and defensive end who played in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the San Francisco 49ers ( 1986 -- 1991 , 1998 -- 1999 ) and the Dallas Cowboys ( 1992 -- 1996 ) . A versatile defensive player , Haley began his career as a specialty outside linebacker , eventually progressing to pass-rusher and finally full-fledged defensive end . He is the first five-time Super Bowl champion , and is one of only two such players , the other being Tom Brady . Haley was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2011 and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e02465a518167f6d75ad2f8d774433", "text": "1969 NFL Championship Game The 1969 NFL Championship Game was the 37th and final championship game prior to the AFL -- NFL merger , played January 4 , 1970 , at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington , Minnesota , a suburb south of Minneapolis . The winner of the game earned a berth in Super Bowl IV in New Orleans against the champion of the American Football League . The Minnesota Vikings of the Western Conference hosted the Cleveland Browns of the Eastern Conference . It was the Vikings ' first appearance in the title game , while the Browns were making their second straight appearance and fourth of the 1960s . Minnesota had a regular season record of 12 -- 2 , including a 51 -- 3 defeat of the Browns eight weeks earlier on November 9 . The Vikings defeated the Los Angeles Rams 23 -- 20 in the Western Conference championship a week earlier at Met Stadium . They were coached by Bud Grant and led on offense by quarterback Joe Kapp and wide receiver Gene Washington . The defense allowed only 133 points ( 9 1/2 per game ) during the regular season and their four defensive linemen were known as the `` Purple People Eaters . '' Cleveland was 10 -- 3 -- 1 during the regular season and had upset the Dallas Cowboys 38 -- 14 at the Cotton Bowl for the Eastern Conference title . The Browns were coached by Blanton Collier ; Bill Nelsen was the starting quarterback and Gary Collins and Paul Warfield were star wide receivers for the team . Although not as severe as the `` Ice Bowl '' of 1967 , the weather conditions were bitterly cold at 8 F , with a sub-zero wind chill factor . Cleveland linebacker Jim Houston suffered frostbite during the game and was hospitalized . Minnesota was favored by nine points to win the title game at home , and they won , 27 -- 7 . Of the four NFL teams that joined the league during the AFL era ( 1960s ) , Minnesota was the sole winner of a pre-merger NFL championship . The Dallas Cowboys entered the league in 1960 and lost two NFL title games to the Green Bay Packers , in 1966 and 1967 . The expansion Atlanta Falcons ( 1966 ) and New Orleans Saints ( 1967 ) did not qualify for the postseason until 1978 and 1987 , respectively . Starting with the season , the NFL champion was determined in the Super Bowl , beginning with Super Bowl V.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "166ebb285e2fa85e9b23d1cc50fe33e7", "text": "1996 NFL season The 1996 NFL season was the 77th regular season of the National Football League and the season was marked by notable controversies from beginning to end . The season ended with Super Bowl XXXI when the Green Bay Packers defeated the New England Patriots 35-21 at the Louisiana Superdome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdd4ffb028dd2b0d89aee1c1bb12c389", "text": "2001–02 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 2001 season began on January 12 , 2002 . The postseason tournament concluded with the New England Patriots defeating the St. Louis Rams in Super Bowl XXXVI , 20 -- 17 , on February 3 , at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . For the first time , the NFL scheduled prime time playoff games for the first two rounds in an attempt to attract more television viewers . Saturday wild card and divisional playoff games were moved from 12:30 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. EST to 4:30 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. , respectively . Thus , the league abandoned its practice of scheduling colder , northern playoff games for daylight hours only ; any stadium , regardless of evening January temperatures , could host prime time playoff games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32df19f653e06be3f086d9fc5d1025e2", "text": "February 5", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7efc92d31b8a8f86d803fb0d214ef638", "text": "NFC East The NFC East is a division of the National Football League ( NFL ) 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) . It currently has four members : the Philadelphia Eagles , the New York Giants , the Dallas Cowboys , and the Washington Redskins . The division was formed in 1967 as the National Football League Capitol Division , keeping with the theme of having all of the league 's divisions starting with the letter `` C. '' The division was so named because it was centered on the capital of the United States , Washington , D.C. . In 1967 and 1969 the teams in the NFL Capitol Division were Dallas , Philadelphia , Washington and the expansion New Orleans Saints , which had been replaced by the New York Giants for the 1968 season . Its most recent Super Bowl champions are the New York Giants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dbcfd22d81df94597e96188599d9857", "text": "2013 Rose Bowl The 2013 Rose Bowl , the 99th edition of the annual game , was a college football bowl game played on Tuesday , January 1 , 2013 , at the same-named stadium in Pasadena , California . The Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association is the organizer of the game . The game matched Big Ten Conference Champions Wisconsin Badgers against the Pac-12 Conference Champions Stanford Cardinal , a rematch of the same two teams in the 2000 Rose Bowl . The Cardinal defeated the Badgers 20 -- 14 for the Rose Bowl Championship . This was Wisconsin 's third consecutive Rose Bowl defeat . Because of sponsorship by Vizio , the first game in the 2013 edition of the Bowl Championship Series was officially titled the Rose Bowl Game presented by VIZIO . The contest was televised on ESPN with a radio broadcast on ESPN Radio and XM Satellite Radio , which began at 1:30 PM ( PST ) with kickoff at 2:10 PM ( PST ) . The Rose Bowl Game , themed `` Oh , the Places You 'll Go ! '' , was a contractual sell-out , with 64,500 tickets allocated to the participating teams and conferences . The remaining tickets went to the Tournament of Roses members , sponsors , City of Pasadena residents , and the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a65c7f1f8e296d4690bf6351809e65", "text": "Mass Transit Super Bowl The Mass Transit Super Bowl was a public transportation plan and marketing strategy conceived for Super Bowl XLVIII and Super Bowl Week , a series of events leading up to the February 2 , 2014 , football game between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks . It was originally projected that over 400,000 people would come to the New York -- New Jersey region for the game and related activities , and that over 80,000 would attend the game itself ; actual patronage of the metropolitan area during that time was projected to be over 500,000 . Metropolitan area transit agencies worked with the National Football League , organizers of the event , and developed special services , schedules , fares , and maps to promote the use of mass transit during the week , which began with the arrival of teams on January 26 . On game day , those traveling by train experienced overcrowding and long delays due to miscalculated estimations and an unanticipated surge of passengers , leading to much criticism of the plan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6691e846e6e08e23c520f3fc5970ff38", "text": "2004 NFL Draft The 2004 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players . It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting . The draft was held April 24 -- 25 , 2004 at the Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City . No teams chose to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year . The draft was shown on ESPN both days and eventually moved to ESPN2 both days . The draft began with the San Diego Chargers selecting Mississippi quarterback Eli Manning with the first overall selection . Manning was later traded to the New York Giants for their first selection , fourth overall pick Philip Rivers of NC State . There were 32 compensatory selections distributed among 16 teams , with the Eagles , Rams , and Jets each receiving 4 compensatory picks . The draft set several records , including the most wide receivers selected in the first round , with seven . Another record set by the draft was the most trades in the first round , with twenty-eight trades . The University of Miami set an NFL record for the most first rounders drafted with 6 . Ohio State set an NFL draft record having 14 total players selected through all rounds . As of 2012 , this draft also has two other records attached to it : it became the draft with the shortest time between having multiple quarterbacks being drafted and starting for Super Bowl winners ( Ben Roethlisberger for the 2005 Steelers , and Manning for the 2007 Giants ) and it has become the first draft ever to have produced two QBs who each won multiple Super Bowls ( with Roethlisberger winning his second in 2008 and Eli his second in 2011 ) . The 255 players chosen in the draft were composed of : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "240774435a545023ba5e7201f76d0f53", "text": "AFL and NFL era competitive college drafts During the first seven years of existence ( 1960 -- 1966 ) of the American Football League ( AFL , 1960 -- 1969 ) , the AFL and the NFL held separate , competing drafts for college football talent . These drafts were conducted differently in each league , with the AFL , as a new league , starting its existence with the 1960 AFL draft that was actually held in December , 1959 and had 33 rounds . Each AFL team had `` territorial rights '' to players from its general region for a `` bonus '' draft selection , so that teams could sign players who were known to their fans . These were not `` picked '' as such , but agreed on by consensus . The 1960 AFL draft proceeded with teams selecting by lot and player position , e.g. , each team selected quarterbacks from the available list , then running backs , etc. . These were not listed in order of selection , but alphabetically in two groups called `` First Selections '' and `` Second Selections '' by each team . Minneapolis-Saint Paul was originally included in the AFL draft on November 22 , 1959 . When the Minneapolis-Saint Paul owners reneged on their agreement to join the AFL and jumped to the NFL , some of the remaining AFL teams signed several players from the deserters ' draft list . To compensate for this , after the Oakland Raiders ' AFL franchise was granted , an allocation draft was held , to permit the Raiders to stock their team with players from the other seven AFL teams . The established NFL held drafts more similar to the present day , in which the team with the worst record from the previous year selected first , and the reigning league champion selected last . Starting in 1961 , the AFL also followed this procedure . Because of the competition between the leagues , unlike today 's drafts , they were held soon after the end of the football season in each league , often before the college bowls were over . Many players , such as LSU 's Billy Cannon signed pro contracts `` under the goalposts '' at bowl games ; and in the College East-West Game and other all-star college bowls , many players wore the helmets of the professional team that they had signed with . The AFL was at a disadvantage in name-recognition with the established NFL , but contrary to common belief , during this period , its franchises signed a significant number of stars away from the older league . These included Cannon , as well as eventual Hall of Famers Lance Alworth , Buck Buchanan , Jim Otto , Billy Shaw , and Nick Buoniconti , and such standouts as Matt Snell , Tom Sestak , Charley Hennigan , Abner Haynes , Johnny Robinson and many others . Category : American Football League draft Category : National Football League Draft", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b502f99f2ee6312d5aa3dd9d6cabd4d6", "text": "American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football . American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "289a93ba0c6f79c331607866ab988cb9", "text": "2012 Victory Bowl The 2012 Victory Bowl was a college football bowl game played on November 17 , 2012 at Francis Field in Greenville , Illinois . It featured the against the . The Panthers won 28-27 in overtime . It was Greenville 's first Victory Bowl win after three previous losses . It was Northwestern 's sixth Victory Bowl appearance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80387cd03bb54a876958aa4b65ff66b3", "text": "History of the New England Patriots The history of the New England Patriots began when Boston business executive William `` Billy '' Sullivan and Sullivan Brother Printers , owned by Joseph Sullivan , were awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League ( AFL ) on November 16 , 1959 . The following winter , locals submitted thousands of ideas for the Boston football team 's official name . On February 20 , 1960 , Sullivan chose `` Boston Patriots '' , which was suggested by 74 fans , among them Larry Kepnes . Immediately thereafter , artist Phil Bissell developed the `` Pat Patriot '' logo . The Patriots ' time in the AFL saw them without a regular home stadium . Nickerson Field , Harvard Stadium , Fenway Park , and Alumni Stadium , all in or near Boston , served as home fields during their time in the American Football League . Early Patriots stars included defensive tackles Jim Lee `` Earthquake '' Hunt and Houston Antwine ; quarterback Vito `` Babe '' Parilli ; and flanker-placekicker Gino `` The Duke '' Cappelletti . Hunt , Parilli and Cappelletti played every year of the existence of the AFL , with Hunt and Cappelletti spending all ten years with the Patriots . Cappelletti was the all-time leading scorer in the AFL . Later the Patriots were joined by such stars as defensive end Larry Eisenhauer , fullback Jim Nance , and middle linebacker and future Hall of Famer Nick Buoniconti . Cappelletti and Nance were AFL Most Valuable Players , Cappelletti in 1964 and Nance in 1966 . Buoniconti and Antwine were later named to the American Football League All-Time Team . The Boston Patriots defeated the Buffalo Bills in an AFL Eastern Division playoff game in 1963 , and played in the 1963 AFL championship game , losing to the San Diego Chargers 51 -- 10 . Although they would not appear again in an AFL or NFL post-season game for another 13 years , in the AFL , the Patriots often challenged the dominant Bills for the Eastern Division title . When the NFL and AFL merged in 1970 , the Patriots were placed in the AFC East division , where they still play today . The following year , the Patriots moved to a new stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , a suburb of Boston , which would serve as their home for 30 years ; the team also changed their name to the New England Patriots to reflect the location change , as well as its following throughout the region as its only NFL team ( though both New York City teams have substantial followings in parts of Connecticut as well ) . During the 1970s , the Patriots had some success , earning a berth to the playoffs in 1976 -- as a wild card-berth -- and in 1978 -- as AFC East champions . They would lose both games . In 1985 , they returned to the playoffs , and made it all the way to Super Bowl XX , which they lost against the Chicago Bears 46 -- 10 . Following their Super Bowl loss , they returned to the playoffs in 1986 , but lost in the first round . The team would not make the playoffs again for eight more years . They changed ownership several times in that period , being purchased from the Sullivan family first by Victor Kiam in 1988 , who sold the team to James Orthwein in 1992 . Orthwein intended to move the team to his native St. Louis , Missouri , but sold the team two years later to current owner , local businessman Robert Kraft in 1994 . Though Orthwein 's period as owner was short and controversial , he did oversee major changes to the team . Former New York Giants coach Bill Parcells was hired in 1993 , and the drastic changes were made the same year to the Patriots uniforms , changing their primary colors from their traditional red and white to blue and silver , and introducing a new logo . Parcells would bring the Patriots to two playoff appearances , including Super Bowl XXXI , which they lost to the Green Bay Packers by a score of 35 -- 21 . Pete Carroll , Parcells ' successor , would also take the team to the playoffs twice . Bill Belichick , current head coach , was hired in 2000 , and a new home field , Gillette Stadium was opened in 2002 . Under Belichick , the team won three Super Bowls in four years , and finished the 2007 regular season with a perfect 16 -- 0 record , becoming only the fourth team in league history to go undefeated , and the only one since the league expanded its regular season schedule to 16 games ; however , they ended that season with an 18-1 record after their loss to the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLII . The Patriots have made the playoffs in 12 of the 15 seasons that Belichick has been coach , missing them only in 2000 ( his first season ) , 2002 , and 2008 . They later faced the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX on February 1 , 2015 , and won by a score of 28-24 . The Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34-28 in Super Bowl LI at NRG Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25159a50468dbc3f32715b68b4e250c6", "text": "1985 New York Giants season The 1985 New York Giants season was the 61st season for the club in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The Giants entered the season looking to improve on their 9 -- 7 record in 1984 , which was enough to qualify the team for the playoffs as the second wild-card team , and to return to the playoffs for the second consecutive year under third-year head coach Bill Parcells . The Giants managed to do both , finishing with 10 victories for the first time since 1963 when the team won 11 games and finishing as the first wild-card team which earned the Giants a home playoff game at Giants Stadium . They defeated the San Francisco 49ers 17 -- 3 in that game , avenging their loss to the 49ers in the previous year 's divisional playoffs . However , it was as far as the Giants could get as they were defeated by the eventual Super Bowl champion Chicago Bears in the divisional round at Soldier Field 21 -- 0 . Bill Parcells stated in `` America 's Game : 1986 Giants '' that the game the Giants played against the Bears in the playoffs that `` an honest evaluation of it , we could have probably beat that team one out of ten times . But that day was one of the days that that could have happened '' , the Giants were ultimately undone by a whiffed punt from legend Sean Landeta , the ball flew out of the air when he went to punt it from a burst of wind coming of Lake Michigan , the Bears recovered the ball for a touchdown from less than 5 yards from the end zone , and ended up winning 21-0 . At the time , the team set a record for most rushing yards in one season by a Giants team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18e5265c7032f671199bf9518a019ddb", "text": "Baltimore Ravens The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore , Maryland . The Ravens compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division . The team plays its home games at M&T Bank Stadium and is headquartered in Owings Mills . The Ravens were established in 1996 , when Art Modell , who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns , announced plans to relocate the franchise from Cleveland to Baltimore . As part of a settlement between the league and the city of Cleveland , Modell was required to leave the Browns ' history and records in Cleveland for a replacement team and replacement personnel that would take control in 1999 . In return , he was allowed to take his own personnel and team to Baltimore , where such personnel would then form an expansion team . The Ravens have been one of the more successful franchises since their inception , having qualified for the NFL playoffs ten times since 2000 , with two Super Bowl victories ( Super Bowl XXXV and Super Bowl XLVII ) , two AFC Championship titles ( 2000 and 2012 ) , 15 playoff victories , four AFC Championship game appearances ( 2000 , 2008 , 2011 and 2012 ) , four AFC North division titles ( 2003 , 2006 , 2011 and 2012 ) , and are currently the only team in the NFL to hold a perfect record in multiple Super Bowl and Thanksgiving Day appearances . The Ravens organization has been led by general manager Ozzie Newsome since 1996 , and has had three head coaches : Ted Marchibroda , Brian Billick , and John Harbaugh . With a record-breaking defensive unit in their 2000 season , the team established a reputation for relying on strong defensive play , led by players like middle linebacker Ray Lewis , who , until his retirement , was considered the `` face of the franchise . '' The team is owned by Steve Bisciotti and valued at $ 1.5 billion , making the Ravens the 24th-most valuable sports franchise in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce80c9c23536473d0d0e1de926c1f54", "text": "1997 NFL season The 1997 NFL season was the 78th regular season of the National Football League . The Oilers relocated from Houston , Texas to Nashville , Tennessee . The newly renamed Tennessee Oilers played their home games during this season at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis , Tennessee while a new stadium in Nashville began construction . Houston would rejoin the NFL with the expansion Texans in 2002 . This was the last season to date that TNT broadcast NFL games , as well as the last for NBC until 2006 . When the TV contracts were renewed near the end of the season , Fox retained the National Football Conference package , CBS took over the American Football Conference package and ESPN won the right to televise all of the Sunday night games . Due to Game 7 of the 1997 World Series , the Chicago Bears -- Miami Dolphins game at Pro Player Stadium was delayed one day to Monday , October 27 . The Denver Broncos and Tampa Bay Buccaneers both changed their uniforms , and the new uniforms for both teams were introduced during this season . The season ended with Super Bowl XXXII when the Denver Broncos defeated the Green Bay Packers 31-24 at the Qualcomm Stadium . This broke the National Football Conference 's streak of 13 consecutive Super Bowl victories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bffd6db9a353fea472f3341633d5b9", "text": "List of Wisconsin Badgers in the NFL Draft The University of Wisconsin -- Madison Badgers have drafted 289 players into the National Football League ( NFL ) since the league began holding drafts in 1936 . The Badgers ' highest draft position was second overall in 1944 , when Pat Harder was selected by Card-Pitt . Wisconsin 's first drafted player in the NFL was Eddie Jankowski , who was the 9th overall pick by the Green Bay Packers in 1937 . Three former Badgers were selected from the latest NFL draft : T. J. Watt , Ryan Ramczyk and Vince Biegel . Each NFL franchise seeks to add new players through the annual NFL Draft . The team with the worst record the previous year picks first , the next-worst team second , and so on . Teams that did not make the playoffs are ordered by their regular-season record , with any remaining ties broken by strength of schedule . Playoff participants are sequenced after non-playoff teams , based on their round of elimination ( wild card , division , conference , and Super Bowl ) . Before the AFL -- NFL merger agreements in 1966 , the American Football League ( AFL ) operated in direct competition with the NFL and held a separate draft . This led to a massive bidding war over top prospects between the two leagues . As part of the merger agreement on June 8 , 1966 , the two leagues would hold a multiple round `` Common Draft '' . Once the AFL officially merged with the NFL in 1970 , the `` Common Draft '' simply became the NFL Draft . This list includes players that have transferred to or from Wisconsin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16e005be83d3bf8e92950ab2389519af", "text": "1978 NFL season The 1978 NFL season was the 59th regular season of the National Football League . The league expanded the regular season from a 14-game schedule to 16 . Furthermore , the playoff format was expanded from 8 teams to 10 teams by adding another wild card from each conference . The wild card teams played each other , with the winner advancing to the playoff round of eight teams . The season ended with Super Bowl XIII when the Pittsburgh Steelers defeated the Dallas Cowboys at the Orange Bowl in Miami . The average salary for a player in 1978 was under $ 62,600 , up 13.2 percent over the previous year . Fran Tarkenton was the highest-paid quarterback at $ 360,000 and running back O. J. Simpson was the highest paid player , at just under $ 733,400 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1563924bf6d2846e4bf0ffcd9dbcce4", "text": "2001 NFL season The 2001 NFL season was the 82nd regular season of the National Football League ( NFL ) . In the wake of the September 11 attacks , the NFL 's week 2 games ( September 16 -- 17 ) were postponed and re-scheduled to the weekend of January 6 -- 7 . In order to retain the full playoff format , all playoff games , including Super Bowl XXXVI , were re-scheduled one week later . The New England Patriots won the Super Bowl , defeating the St. Louis Rams 20 -- 17 at the Louisiana Superdome .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8d0a87d2994f330790b7eec5e74e8e71	Natalie Portman was not involved with the 61st Annual Cannes Film Fesival.	[ { "docid": "95813997c495d22eb3b38a082c35abab", "text": "Natalie Portman Natalie Portman ( born Neta-Lee Hershlag , נטע-לי הרשלג June 9 , 1981 ) is an actress with dual American and Israeli citizenship . Her first role was in the 1994 action thriller Léon : The Professional , opposite Jean Reno . She was later cast as Padmé Amidala in the Star Wars prequel trilogy ( released in 1999 , 2002 and 2005 ) . Born in Jerusalem to an Israeli father and American mother , Portman grew up in the eastern United States from the age of three . She studied dancing and acting in New York , and starred in Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace while still at high school on Long Island . In 1999 , Portman enrolled at Harvard University to study psychology , alongside her work as an actress ; she completed a bachelor 's degree in 2003 . During her studies she starred in a second Star Wars film and opened in New York City 's The Public Theater production of Anton Chekhov 's The Seagull in 2001 . Portman won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Academy Award for starring in the 2004 drama Closer , appeared in Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith the following year , and won a Constellation Award for Best Female Performance and the Saturn Award for Best Actress for her starring role in the political thriller V for Vendetta ( 2006 ) . She played leading roles in the historical dramas Goya 's Ghosts ( 2006 ) and The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , and also appeared in Thor ( 2011 ) and its 2013 sequel . In 2010 , Portman starred in the psychological thriller film Black Swan . Her performance received widespread critical acclaim and she earned her first Academy Award for Best Actress , her second Golden Globe Award , the SAG Award , the BAFTA Award and the BFCA Award in 2011 . In 2016 , she portrayed First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in the biographical drama Jackie . She was nominated for an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award and won the BFCA for Best Actress . In May 2008 , Portman served as the youngest member of the 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival jury . The same year she directed a segment of the collective film New York , I Love You . Her first feature film as a director , A Tale of Love and Darkness , was released in 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "55b2b63b3cb7d0bdd353644a85d7a93b", "text": "Kinemastik Kinemastik is a non governmental , non profit organisation responsible for a year-round cultural programme of screenings , talks , exhibitions , concerts and the Kinemastik International Short Film Festival which was started in 2004 . Kinemastik sees itself as an art collective , founded and based in Malta . Over1 years of its existence , Kinemastik has hosted many filmmakers , musicians , artists and film festival organisers . Kinemastik has hosted a number of film based workshops , guided by various professionals from all over the world . Some of the musicians that played at Kinemastik events were Patti Smith , Bonnie Prince Billy , Owen Pallett , Dark Horses etc. . Kinemastik Film Club holds screenings every Wednesday in Valletta . It was designed as a source for non-mainstream and off-beat movies , a step away from the pervasive and easily available Hollywood mainstream movies . Kinemastik invites various individuals from all sorts of backgrounds to program a month of films for the Kinemastik Film Club . Kinemastik collaborates with many film festivals such as Milano Film Festival , Next Film Festival , Cosmic Zoom , Clermond Ferrand Film Fest , London Short Film Festival and many others . Steph Von Reiswitz and Chris Bianchi from the London-based Le Gun collective oversee Kinemastik 's artwork", "title": "" }, { "docid": "589bb7db540429a0d0dbafc2d0cdab9c", "text": "Potomanto Potomanto ( derived from the French word portmanteau ) is a 2013 Ghanaian Nigerian action thriller film directed by Shirley Frimpong-Manso . It stars Olu Jacobs , Yvonne Okoro and Adjetey Anang . It premiered at Silverbird Cinemas , Accra , Ghana , on 20 December 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30335ddaab944bb2fdd0e3eae455e5ac", "text": "36th César Awards The 36th César Awards ceremony was presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma in Paris , France to honour its selection of the best French films of 2010 on 25 February 2011 . The ceremony was chaired by Jodie Foster and hosted by Antoine de Caunes . The audience gave a standing ovation to Olivia de Havilland , their `` special honored guest '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29c8e2f4a5043af973a44c79b8e6a52e", "text": "1975 Deauville American Film Festival The 1st Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from September 3 to 7 , 1975 . It was created by French writer Lionel Chouchan and French journalist and television producer André Halimi , which they described as '' ( to ) show films that only a few privileged - amazed or astonished -- people had discovered , in New York or Los Angeles , to French audiences , without exclusion , barriers or bias '' . It occurs every year since its creation at the end of the summer . They received funding from French entrepreneur and businessman Lucien Barrière 's group and mayor of Deauville at that time , Michel d'Ornano . The festival was non-competitive in nature and remained so until 1995 . It screened 12 feature films at three different sites , International Centre ( 1,500 seats ) , the Casino ( 700 vehicles ) and the Cinéma Morny ( two rooms of 271 and 99 seats ) . Initially the festival was attended by locals but with passing years its popularity increased and attracted international attention . The festival also highlighted the best of American cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56a3e3ea8cbd9545ee1eaf52a1dfd75f", "text": "Without Pity (2014 film) Without Pity ( Senza nessuna pietà ) is a 2014 Italian crime-thriller film co-written and directed by Michele Alhaique . It was screened in the Horizons section at the 71st Venice International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1dfa9e15601310d179274a72c8768e7", "text": "Marina de Van Marina de Van ( -LSB- də van -RSB- ; born 8 February 1971 ) is a French film director , screenwriter and actress . Her film , Do n't Look Back , was screened out of competition at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4d58209d4cf518d35b541ed512730e5", "text": "Paddington (film) Paddington is a 2014 British-French family comedy film directed by Paul King , written by King and Hamish McColl and produced by David Heyman . Based on Paddington Bear by Michael Bond , the film stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of the title character , along with Hugh Bonneville , Sally Hawkins , Julie Walters , Jim Broadbent , Peter Capaldi and Nicole Kidman in live-action roles . The film was co-produced by the French company StudioCanal and the British company Heyday Films . It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 November 2014 and grossed $ 265.3 million worldwide on a $ 38.5 million budget . Among several honours , King was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and both he and Heyman were nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film . A sequel , Paddington 2 , is scheduled to be released in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43d673ad1502966d07d84c0d332ed129", "text": "73rd Venice International Film Festival The 73rd annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 31 August to 10 September 2016 . English director Sam Mendes was the President of the Jury for the main competition . The opening night film was Damien Chazelle 's musical La La Land . The Golden Lion was awarded to Lav Diaz 's film The Woman Who Left .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ad808d22eadaec9b22f400596e8d51d", "text": "Beauty (2011 film) Beauty ( Skoonheid ) is a 2011 South African film directed by Oliver Hermanus . It premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the South African entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a159c218763c03606af05b96b32b95bb", "text": "1956 Cannes Film Festival The 9th Cannes Film Festival was held from 23 April to 10 May 1956 . The Palme d'Or went to The Silent World by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Louis Malle . The festival opened with Marie-Antoinette reine de France , directed by Jean Delannoy and closed with Il tetto by Vittorio De Sica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10c64458cf4c8fc627baaaa4c2c2bbd9", "text": "1969 Cannes Film Festival The 22nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 8 to 23 May 1969 . At this festival a new non-competitive section called `` Directors ' Fortnight '' is added , in response to the cancellation of the 1968 festival . The Grand Prix du Festival International du Film went to the If ... . by Lindsay Anderson . The festival opened with Sweet Charity , directed by Bob Fosse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4ebb43d594465db79d27de8c46bbfaf", "text": "One Night (2012 film) One Night ( 38 témoins ) , also known as 38 Witnesses , is a 2012 Belgian-French drama film directed by Lucas Belvaux . It was written by Belvaux based on Didier Decoin 's novel Est-ce ainsi que les femmes meurent ? . It premiered on 30 January 2012 , at the International Film Festival Rotterdam . The film was nominated for seven Magritte Awards , winning Best Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5846315912c65df06790496a1076012", "text": "2010 Sundance Film Festival The 26th annual Sundance Film Festival was held from January 21 , 2010 until January 31 , 2010 in Park City , Utah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55bb75ea9ece5a84022e8469601e05f2", "text": "Aquarius (film) Aquarius is a 2016 Brazilian -- French drama film directed by Kleber Mendonça Filho and starring Sonia Braga as Clara , the last resident of Aquarius building , who refuses to sell her apartment to a construction company that intends to replace it with a new edifice . It was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival . The film generated uproar in Brazil due to its political connotations , especially because it was released at the apex of the country 's political crisis . The film 's cast and crew actively positioned itself against what they considered to be a coup d'état in Brazil , showing protest signs at Cannes . A number of controversies has been raised over the film , including its nonselection as the country 's entry to the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards by the Ministry of Culture 's committee , which has been seen as a supposed act of retaliation by Brazil 's new government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11b02416dbc3782198f07931185ab8e9", "text": "Diversicon Diversicon is an annual speculative fiction ( science fiction and fantasy , or SF ) convention held the first weekend of August in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul , Minnesota area . Diversicon provides programming and social opportunities to encourage the multicultural , multimedia exploration and celebration of SF by those within and outside of the traditional SF community . Diversicon includes both live and posthumous guests . It is sponsored by SF Minnesota . Diversicon 24 will be July 29-31 , 2016 in Saint Paul , Minnesota . The guests of honor will be Jessica Amanda Salmonson and Naomi Kritzer . The posthumous honorees will be Orson Welles , Leonard Nimoy , and Shirley Jackson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7441391498199ea31e3d6b7af5268bf", "text": "Rachel Portman Rachel Mary Berkeley Portman , OBE ( born 11 December 1960 ) is an English composer who is best known for scoring films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9739961c2e2b30e4233824b0d49ffbbb", "text": "Natalie Toro Natalie Toro is a New York City-born singer and stage , television , and film actor . She debuted at the Apollo Theater at the age of five . She studied piano and voice at the Manhattan School of Music and the High School of Music and Art until the age of 18 . She attended the Boston Conservatory of Music earning a BFA in Musical Theater . In 1999 , she began a long journey with A Tale of Two Cities , a musical by Jill Santoriello . Toro later left for a Broadway-aimed tour of Evita . The tour 's plans for Broadway were scrapped . In 2002 , she performed the role of Madame Defarge for the concept recording of Tale . In 2004 , she began to tour with Jesus Christ Superstar , both with Sebastian Bach was on the tour and after he left . In 2007 , she was cast in the Broadway musical adaptation of A Tale of Two Cities in Sarasota , Florida at the Asolo Repertory Theatre . She received a 2007 Sarasota Magazine Award for Best Supporting Theatre Actress and received good reviews . In March 2008 , the opening for previews on August 19 , 2008 was set at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre in New York , with an official opening of September 18 . The show closed , after mainly negative critical notices , on November 9 , 2008 . On November 23 , 2008 , Toro released her second solo-CD , which was self-titled `` Natalie Toro '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f13d8108b44d15886f05fa1f65506ea8", "text": "Fantastic Voyage Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 American science fiction film directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Harry Kleiner , based on a story by Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby . The film is about a submarine crew who shrink to microscopic size and venture into the body of an injured scientist to repair the damage to his brain . The original story took place in the 19th century and was meant to be a Jules Verne -- style adventure with a sense of wonder . Kleiner abandoned all but the concept of miniaturization and added a Cold War element . The film starred Stephen Boyd , Raquel Welch , Edmond O'Brien , and Donald Pleasence . Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it . Because the novelization was released six months before the movie , many people mistakenly believed the film was based on Asimov 's book . The movie inspired an animated television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81cbb773b1c4110084d8b19aa050517c", "text": "A Woman's Life (film) A Women 's Life ( Une vie ) is a 2016 French-Belgian drama film directed by Stéphane Brizé . It was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival where it won the FIPRESCI Prize for Best Film in competition . It was awarded the Louis Delluc Prize for Best Film in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d60d1ba67348275f0ddf96b547a9ba1", "text": "Forest Festival The Forest Festival or Festival of the Forests ( Festival des Forêts ) is a music festival created by Bruno Ory-Lavollée in 1992 held every year in June and July in Compiegne , northern France . The Forest Festival offers classical music in the natural scenery of the and the Forest of Compiègne . Four world premieres have been presented at the Festival e.g. Winter 's Night by Nicolas Bacri , who was composer in residence at the Forest Festival 2010-2012 . In 2014 , South Korean businessman Yoo Byung-eun had committed to a sponsorship of the gala concert at Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne on 4 July 2014 , where his photographs were to be projected during the world premiere in its entirety of Nicolas Bacri 's Les Quatre Saisons opus 80 . Following an open letter on 12 June from Korean expatriates in France to , among others , French Minister of Culture Aurélie Filippetti and the president of the Forest Festival , and subsequent talks between the festival and the Ministry of Culture , French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius on 30 June gave written notice to the festival suggesting the projection should be renounced `` out of sensitivity and respect for the Korean people mourning -LSB- following the sinking of Sewol -RSB- , in particular the families of the young victims , and in the interest of the Festival and of France '' ; the projection and the sponsorship was cancelled on 2 July .", "title": "" } ]	fever
659d98f3bd6a01beed25394770a099ee	Kathy Bates won an Academy Award.	[ { "docid": "c71021bc8947154e0c075d1f81fb145c", "text": "Kathy Bates Kathleen Doyle Bates ( born June 28 , 1948 ) is an American actress . Bates began her career on the stage , and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play in 1983 for her performance in ` night , Mother . She rose to prominence with her performance in Misery ( 1990 ) , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress . She followed this with major roles in Fried Green Tomatoes ( 1991 ) and Dolores Claiborne ( 1995 ) , before playing a featured role as Molly Brown in Titanic ( 1997 ) , which was at the time the highest grossing film of all time . Bates ' television work has resulted in 14 Emmy Award nominations , two of which were for her starring role on the television series Harry 's Law , and most recently a win for her highly praised appearance in the third season of FX horror-thriller series American Horror Story , where she portrayed the real life socialite Madame Marie Delphine LaLaurie . She won another Emmy Award in 2012 for her portrayal as the ghost of Charlie Harper on CBS comedy series Two and a Half Men , a role formerly portrayed by Charlie Sheen .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d66b7d0ac2ba1c69e151792742cc51c0", "text": "List of American films of 1999 A list of American films released in 1999 . American Beauty won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27726fe7d561dd1b0bc850d17bba2d94", "text": "California Film Awards The California Film Awards is a film awards ceremony that offers awards in the categories of Best Picture , Actor , Actress , Cinematography , Directing , First-Time Directors , Editing , Screenplay , Animation , Art Design , Music Videos , Short Films , Experimental Films , Student Films , California Films , Foreign Films , Documentaries and Feature Narratives . Only independent films are eligible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5349efb37d6a05cec1e9202ce515c28", "text": "List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations . The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 . On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner . Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcb15007bd77b150cbccfe2a3492d329", "text": "National Board of Review: Top Ten Films The following is a list of the Top 10 Films chosen annually by the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures , beginning in 1929 . From 1968 till 2005 , 29 times the NBR chose the film that would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture as Best Film . Twelve of these times , the film selected was number one on the NBR 's list for that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6620828ce45de69990112f3dcfe31176", "text": "Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture . This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were : 1988 Sir Peter Hall 1989 Dame Ninette de Valois 1990 Sir Michael Tippett 1991 Sir David Lean 1992 Sir John Mills 1993 Sir Peter Ustinov 1994 Sir John Drummond 1995 Sir Peter Wright 1996 Sir Richard Eyre 1997 Dame Judi Dench 1998 Sir Edward Downes 1999 Harold Pinter 2000 Dame Alicia Markova 2001 Paul Scofield 2002 Sir Alfred Brendel 2003 Sir Ian McKellen 2004 Mike Leigh 2005 Alan Bennett 2006 Dame Helen Mirren 2007 Sir Tom Stoppard 2008 Peter Brook 2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn 2010 Ken Loach 2011 Stephen Sondheim 2013 Grayson Perry 2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner 2015 Dame Maggie Smith Category : Performing arts awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "becb852a9a1d129df458f58244030ab3", "text": "Love Liza Love Liza is a 2002 American comedy-drama film directed by Todd Louiso and starring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Kathy Bates , Jack Kehler , Wayne Duvall , Sarah Koskoff and Stephen Tobolowsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55a7d015872d39d71a3ba6e38d4e355e", "text": "Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF . The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans . The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09551e69ac34e60adae141376a84bd37", "text": "List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards . The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" } ]	fever
03ded3f3b4d89815b4bf0d9811b7c6a1	Sue Vertue produced a sitcom that premiered on May 12.	[ { "docid": "bd7aa625c16c97aaef403f3d5f27a7aa", "text": "Sue Vertue Susan `` Sue '' Nicola Vertue ( born 21 September 1960 in Surrey ) is an English television producer , mainly of comedy shows , including Mr. Bean and Coupling . She is the daughter of producer Beryl Vertue . Vertue worked for Tiger Aspect , a production company run by Peter Bennett-Jones , where Jones produced episodes of Mr. Bean , The Vicar of Dibley and Gim me Gim me Gim me . Vertue met writer Steven Moffat at the Edinburgh Television Festival in 1996 . A relationship blossomed and they left their respective production companies to join Hartswood Films , run by Beryl Vertue , Sue 's mother . When Vertue asked Moffat to write a sitcom for Hartswood , he decided to base it around the evolution of their own relationship . The series became Coupling , which was first broadcast on BBC2 in 2000 . The main two characters in the show were even named Steve and Susan , played by Jack Davenport and Sarah Alexander . In 1999 Vertue produced Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death , a two-episode special of Doctor Who , written by Steven Moffat , for the Red Nose Day charity telethon . Her other work includes Carrie and Barry , Supernova , Fear , Stress & Anger , The Cup and Sherlock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f3af77b0aefe741ca69eb2fc8adc2da", "text": "Coupling (UK TV series) Coupling is a British television sitcom written by Steven Moffat that aired on BBC2 from 12 May 2000 to 14 June 2004 . Produced by Hartswood Films for the BBC , the show centres on the dating , sexual adventures , and mishaps of six friends in their late twenties and thirties , often depicting the three women and the three men each talking among themselves about the same events , but in entirely different terms . The series was inspired by Moffat 's relationship with producer Sue Vertue , to the extent that they gave their names to two of the characters . Coupling is an example of the `` group-genre '' , an ensemble show that had proven popular at the time . Critics compared the show to the American sitcoms Friends and Seinfeld . The critical reaction was largely positive , and the show was named `` Best TV Comedy '' at the 2003 British Comedy Awards . The show debuted to unimpressive ratings , but its popularity soon increased and by the end of the third series the show had achieved respectable ratings in the UK . The series began airing on PBS stations and on BBC America in the United States in late 2002 and quickly gained a devoted fanbase there as well . The show is syndicated around the world . Short-lived American and Greek adaptations were briefly produced in 2003 and 2007 respectively . In a 2004 poll to find Britain 's Best Sitcom , Coupling came 54th .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "34b32df42479e1bc201563b1eed96eda", "text": "That '80s Show That '80s Show is an American sitcom that aired from January through May 2002 . Despite having a similar name , show structure , and many of the same writers and production staff , it is not considered a direct-sequel of the more successful That '70s Show . The characters and story lines from both shows never crossed paths . Although the main character , Corey Howard ( Glenn Howerton ) , is designed as Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) cousin , the show itself was a separate decade-based show created because of That '70s Show '' 's popularity at the time . The show was set in 1984 and revolved around the lives of a group of friends living in San Diego , California . It debuted January 23 , 2002 , and the final episode aired May 29 , 2002 . Its regular time slot was on Wednesday nights at 8:00 / 7:00 Central on the Fox Network , although a few shows were aired on different nights . Its main time slot competitors were ABC 's My Wife and Kids , CBS 's 60 Minutes II , and NBC 's Ed '' . All 13 episodes , which were filmed at CBS Studio Center , aired at least once .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f0da59b56a73eca173104ea6ca0a506", "text": "Shameless (season 6) The sixth season of Shameless , an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott , premiered on January 10 , 2016 , concluded April 3 , 2016 . Executive producers are John Wells , Andrew Stearn , Nancy M. Pimental , Davey Holmes , Christopher Chulack , Krista Vernoff and producers Terri Murphy and Princess Nash .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebfa15133a7a150d1e142236eb8ae0d6", "text": "What's Happening!! What 's Happening !! is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from August 5 , 1976 , to April 28 , 1979 . The show premiered as a summer series . With good ratings and reviews , and after the failure of several other shows on the network , What 's Happening !! returned in November 1976 as a weekly series . It remained a regular show until 1979 ; ratings were modest . What 's Happening !! was loosely based on the Eric Monte-penned film Cooley High . From 1985 to 1988 , a sequel series called What 's Happening Now !! aired in first-run syndication , with most of the major cast members reprising their roles . What 's Happening !! was Bud Yorkin 's second series after he ended his partnership with Norman Lear in Tandem Productions . The show was produced by TOY Productions , which was formed by Yorkin , Saul Turtletaub , and Bernie Orenstein after the split .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae6fbeb7d6c9790e4cf7fd462ec87e8", "text": "The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bd8301ae412a918c4bc93dd1b35274e", "text": "Good & Evil Good & Evil is an American sitcom which was broadcast in the United States on ABC from September 25 , 1991 until October 30 , 1991 . The series was created by Susan Harris , and produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01757044222d499fd05350e44fa587f0", "text": "The Looney Tunes Show The Looney Tunes Show is an American animated sitcom that ran from May 3 , 2011 , through August 31 , 2014 , on Cartoon Network . The show consist of two series , each containing 26 episodes , and features characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons updated for the 21st century . It is produced by Warner Bros. . Animation . On July 29 , 2014 , producer Tony Cervone confirmed that the series would not be renewed for a third season in light of Wabbit . Looney Tunes : Rabbits Run is an animated direct-to-video spin-off film released on August 4 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "192676538f9350c2f33470ea6ce65fab", "text": "Husbands (TV series) Husbands is an American web series written and created by Brad Bell and Jane Espenson , which premiered September 13 , 2011 , via super syndication on streaming platforms such as Blip , YouTube and Roku . The series stars Brad Bell and Sean Hemeon as a newly married couple . Billed as the world 's first marriage equality comedy , Husbands is a modern look on the classic premise of the newlywed sitcom . The second season premiered August 15 , 2012 . After producing two seasons independently , it was announced that CW Seed had made a six-episode order for a third season of Husbands , which aired on August 15 , 2013 . No forthcoming seasons have since been announced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39e802faf5a1627b2245133f31c9d0ce", "text": "That's Life (1998 TV series) That 's Life is an American television sitcom that premiered March 10 , 1998 , on ABC . The series is about a blue-collar family living in Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d78af8798b23a8edd83e91db8d51d9", "text": "Girls (TV series) Girls is an American television series that premiered on HBO on April 15 , 2012 . Created by and starring Lena Dunham and executive produced by Judd Apatow , Girls is a comedy-drama following the lives of four young women living in New York City . The show 's premise and major aspects of the main character were drawn from Dunham 's own life . The series has received a positive response from critics and consistent accolades , including the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy . Girls sixth and final season concluded on April 16 , 2017 , with a total of 62 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc2e586313a2ae8bbb85ad421d42b1a3", "text": "List of The Comeback episodes The Comeback is an American television comedy-drama series produced by HBO that stars actress Lisa Kudrow as sitcom actress Valerie Cherish in modern-day Los Angeles . It was created by Kudrow and Michael Patrick King , a former executive producer of Sex and the City . Kudrow and King are also screenwriters and executive producers of the series , with King also serving as the director of some episodes . The series premiered on HBO on June 5 , 2005 and aired for a single , 13-episode season before being canceled . The series was revived nine years later and an eight-episode second season started airing on HBO on November 9 , 2014 . , 21 episodes of The Comeback have aired , concluding its second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bb1c5ee3437ee5a8f515bab7e34b72b", "text": "Mad TV (season 12) The twelfth season of Mad TV , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on the Fox Network between September 16 , 2006 , and May 19 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "850a97d941a2c4e391d8e742d253fbc2", "text": "Huge (TV series) Huge is an American drama series that aired on the ABC Family television network . The series is based on the young adult novel of the same name by Sasha Paley . The hour-long drama series revolves around eight teens sent to a summer weight loss camp called Camp Victory . Winnie Holzman ( creator of My So-Called Life ) and her daughter Savannah Dooley wrote the plot . Casting began in January , with production beginning in April 2010 . The series premiered on June 28 , 2010 at 9 p.m. with 2.53 million viewers . On October 4 , 2010 ABC Family announced that Huge was not getting an extra episode order , therefore canceling the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e639166130d4b4f728c0c8ebd536f265", "text": "Everybody Loves Raymond Everybody Loves Raymond is an American television sitcom starring Ray Romano , Patricia Heaton , Brad Garrett , Doris Roberts , Peter Boyle , Madylin Sweeten , and Monica Horan . It premiered on CBS on September 13 , 1996 , and concluded on May 16 , 2005 after nine seasons . Many of the situations from the show could be inspired by the real-life experiences of Romano , creator/producer Phil Rosenthal , and the show 's writing staff . The main characters on the series might possibly be loosely based on Romano and Rosenthal 's real-life family members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4860961a3b42b40177a2658c5389e08c", "text": "The Carmichael Show The Carmichael Show is an American sitcom television series created by Nicholas Stoller , Jerrod Carmichael , Ari Katcher , and Willie Hunter that premiered on August 26 , 2015 , on NBC . Starring Carmichael , it follows a fictional version of his family . The multi-camera show is set in Charlotte , North Carolina . On May 15 , 2016 , NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode third season , which premiered with back-to-back episodes on May 31 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a593b37966e8485fb146b0df448e3368", "text": "Imaginary Mary Imaginary Mary is an American live-action/CGI-animated fantasy sitcom television series that ran on ABC from March 29 to May 30 , 2017 . . Created and executive produced by Adam F. Goldberg , David Guarascio , and Patrick Osborne , the Sony Pictures Television/Happy Madison Productions/21 Laps Entertainment/ABC Studios co-production was greenlighted to series order on May 12 , 2016 . A first-look-trailer was released on the same day . ABC reduced the number of episodes from thirteen to nine on September 28 , 2016 . On May 11 , 2017 , ABC cancelled the series after one season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dae3442feec28426be40310cd86a962", "text": "In Case of Emergency (TV series) In Case of Emergency is an American half-hour sitcom television series shown on ABC in the United States . The series follows a group of high school acquaintances whose lives have not turned out as they hoped . It premiered on January 3 , 2007 , at 9:30 pm and ended on April 11 , 2007 . The pilot episode was directed by Jon Favreau and the cast included Jonathan Silverman , David Arquette , Lori Loughlin , Kelly Hu , and Greg Germann . ABC gave early renewal notices to several of its series on March 21 , 2007 but In Case of Emergency was not one of them . On April 12 , 2007 , ABC announced that the show had been officially cancelled , leaving one episode unaired , which has since been broadcast internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71b1f9484a94d991f61be1379d43f250", "text": "Back to You Back to You is an American sitcom which aired on Fox from September 19 , 2007 to May 14 , 2008 . The creators and executive producers were Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan , and the director was James Burrows . The series starred Kelsey Grammer and Patricia Heaton as squabbling anchors of a news program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633d2257025108e2ffeae42729650760", "text": "Saturday Night Live (season 12) The twelfth season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between October 11 , 1986 , and May 23 , 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4a60f449f80dade85eee7079ed9d8d7", "text": "The Goldbergs (2013 TV series) The Goldbergs is an American sitcom that premiered on Tuesday , September 24 , 2013 on ABC . The series was created by Adam F. Goldberg and stars Wendi McLendon-Covey , Jeff Garlin , Sean Giambrone , Troy Gentile , Hayley Orrantia and George Segal . The show is produced by Goldberg , Seth Gordon , and Doug Robinson . It is based on Goldberg 's childhood and family in the 1980s , complete with a childhood version of himself . The fourth season premiered on September 21 , 2016 . In May 2017 , ABC renewed the series for a fifth and sixth season .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e3bd47942d2e3492c57efcbf6e0e6785	Caroline, Princess of Hanover is married to an heir.	[ { "docid": "85423e5b17d6b488fef8737f9d809242", "text": "Caroline, Princess of Hanover Caroline , Princess of Hanover ( Caroline Louise Marguerite ; born 23 January 1957 ) , is the eldest child of Rainier III , Prince of Monaco , and American actress Grace Kelly . She is the elder sister of Prince Albert II and Princess Stéphanie . Until the births of her niece and nephew Princess Gabriella and Prince Jacques of Monaco in December 2014 she had been heir presumptive to the throne of Monaco since 2005 , a position which she previously held from 1957 to 1958 . Caroline is married to Ernst August , Prince of Hanover ( born 1954 ) , the heir to the former throne of the Kingdom of Hanover , as well as the heir male of George III of the United Kingdom .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "774d32a9ca141667065272f45aaac608", "text": "Charles, Prince of Wales Charles , Prince of Wales ( Charles Philip Arthur George ; born 14 November 1948 ) is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay , he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history , having held the position since 1952 . He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover ( the heir presumptive to Queen Anne ) , who died in 1714 at the age of 83 . Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun Schools , which his father , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , had attended as a child , as well as the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria , Australia . After earning a bachelor of arts degree from Trinity College , Cambridge , Charles served in the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976 . In 1981 , he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons : Prince William ( born 1982 ) later to become Duke of Cambridge , and Prince Harry ( born 1984 ) . In 1996 , the couple divorced , following well-publicised extramarital affairs . Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year . In 2005 , Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles . Charles 's interests encompass a range of humanitarian and social issues : he founded The Prince 's Trust in 1976 , sponsors The Prince 's Charities , and is patron of numerous other charitable and arts organisations . Charles has long championed organic farming for which he established the Duchy Home Farm , run by the Duchy of Cornwall , which produces ingredients for the Duchy Originals brand which he founded in 1990 . Charles has sought to raise world awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment , such as climate change . As an environmentalist , he has received numerous awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world . His support for alternative medicine , including homeopathy , has been criticised by some in the medical community . He has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings . Subsequently , Charles created Poundbury , an experimental new town based on his theories , in Dorset in 1993 . He has authored a number of books , including A Vision of Britain : A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and the children 's book The Old Man of Lochnagar in 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f7c657aaea89db88a9c84e7dad65ea", "text": "George IV of the United Kingdom George IV ( George Augustus Frederick ; 12 August 1762 -- 26 June 1830 ) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover following the death of his father , George III , on 29 January 1820 , until his own death ten years later . From 1811 until his accession , he served as Prince Regent during his father 's final mental illness . George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era . He was a patron of new forms of leisure , style and taste . He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace , and Sir Jeffry Wyattville to rebuild Windsor Castle . His charm and culture earned him the title `` the first gentleman of England '' , but his poor relationship with both his father and his wife , Caroline of Brunswick , and his dissolute way of life , earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy . He even forbade Caroline to attend his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in a desperate , unsuccessful attempt to divorce her . For most of George 's regency and reign , Lord Liverpool controlled the government as Prime Minister , with little help from George . His ministers found his behaviour selfish , unreliable and irresponsible . At all times he was much under the influence of favourites . Taxpayers were angry at his wasteful spending at a time when Britons were fighting in the Napoleonic Wars . He did not provide national leadership in time of crisis , nor act as a role model for his people . Liverpool 's government presided over Britain 's ultimate victory , negotiated the peace settlement , and attempted to deal with the social and economic malaise that followed . After Liverpool 's retirement , George was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it . His only child , Princess Charlotte , died before him in 1817 and so he was succeeded by his younger brother , William .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ceb227d302255618593723959da7d11", "text": "Maria Anna of Savoy, Duchess of Chablais Maria Anna of Savoy ( Maria Anna Carlota Gabriela ; 17 December 1757 -- 11 October 1824 ) was a Princess of Savoy by birth and Duchess of Chablais by her marriage to her uncle . Born at the Royal Palace of Turin , she was the sixth child of Prince Victor Amadeus , Duke of Savoy and , since 1773 , King of Sardinia , by his wife , Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain , as daughter of Philip V. Maria Anna was the fourth but third surviving daughter of her parents . Her two older sisters were the future `` grand daughters in law '' of Louis XV of France , Princess Maria Giuseppina , who married the future Louis XVIII of France in 1771 and Princess Maria Teresa , who married the future Charles X of France in 1773 . Their younger surviving sister , Maria Carolina , married Anthony of Saxony . Three of her brothers were the last three Kings of Sardinia from the senior line of the House of Savoy : the future Charles Emmanuel IV , Victor Emmanuel I and Charles Felix . After the death of the last one in 1831 without issue , the throne passed to Charles Albert , Prince of Carignano and next legitimate male heir .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fac34f6a0893a382ed5e3021dbeeb22", "text": "Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse Hermann II of Hesse ( 1341 -- 24 May 1413 ) was Landgrave of Hesse from 1376 to 1413 . Hermann II , called `` the Scholar '' , was born in 1345 in Grebenstein castle , the son of Louis the Junker . Louis the Junker was a son of Otto I , Landgrave of Hesse . Hermann studied in Paris and in Prague . After the death of Otto , the son and heir apparent of Henry II , the latter appointed his nephew Hermann as co-ruler and heir in 1367 . Hermann was married twice . The first marriage on 3 February 1377 was to Johanna , countess of Nassau-Weilburg -LSB- -1383 -RSB- but produced no children . The second was on 15 October 1383 to Margaret of Hohenzollern-Nuremberg -LSB- -1406 -RSB- , daughter of Frederick V , Burgrave of Nuremberg . They had the following children : Anna ( 1385 -- 1386 ) Henry ( 1387 -- 1394 ) Elisabeth ( 1388 -- 1394 ) . Margarete ( 1389 -- 1446 ) , married to Henry I of Brunswick-Lüneburg Agnes ( 1391 -- 1471 ) , married to Otto II of Brunswick-Göttingen Hermann ( 1396 -- 1406 ) Frederick ( 1398 -- 1402 ) Louis ( 1402 -- 1458 ) , succeeded as Landgrave of Hesse", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187491c081d51327f5d0148dd5aab3d2", "text": "King in Prussia King in Prussia was a title used by the Electors of Brandenburg from 1701 to 1772 . Subsequently , they used the title King of Prussia . The House of Hohenzollern ruled Brandenburg as Prince-Electors , and were subjects of the Holy Roman Emperor . Since 1618 , the Electors of Brandenburg had also ruled the Duchy of Prussia , which lay outside of the empire , in a personal union . The dual state was known as Brandenburg-Prussia . The Duchy of Prussia was originally a fief that the dukes held of the King of Poland , of whom they were vassals , until the Treaties of Labiau ( 1656 ) and Bromberg ( 1657 ) , with which Frederick William , the Great Elector , had achieved full sovereignty from the Polish Crown . In 1701 Elector Frederick III wanted to show his greatness by adopting the title king . In return for Hohenzollern assistance in the War of the Spanish Succession and support for the Habsburg candidate in the subsequent election , Emperor Leopold I allowed Frederick to crown himself `` King in Prussia '' . Legally , Frederick was only an elector in his domains within the borders of the empire ; he was only king in his former duchy . Even though Brandenburg was still legally part of the empire and ruled in personal union with Prussia , it soon came to be treated as a de facto part of Prussia . On 17 January 1701 , Frederick dedicated the royal coat of arms , the Prussian black eagle with the motto `` suum cuique '' imprinted . On 18 January , he crowned himself and his wife Sophie Charlotte in a baroque ceremony in Königsberg Castle . Even so , Frederick 's move was controversial , and only became widely accepted after the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 . The title `` King of Prussia '' implied lordship over the entire Prussian region , not simply the former Duchy of Prussia , now Kingdom of Prussia , and the assumption of such a title by the Hohenzollern margraves would have threatened neighboring Poland ; because the province of Royal Prussia was part of the Kingdom of Poland , the Kings of Poland titled themselves Kings of Prussia until 1742 . Throughout the 18th century the power of the Kings in Prussia continued to increase . They were victorious over the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy in the three Silesian Wars , greatly increasing their power through the acquisition of Silesia . King Frederick II adopted the title King of Prussia in 1772 , the same year he annexed most of Royal Prussia in the First Partition of Poland . The kings of Prussia continued to be Electors of Brandenburg until the empire 's dissolution in 1806 . Brandenburg was then made a province of the Kingdom of Prussia , Berlin officially gaining the status of capital of the Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66e3e7ea0ffc6bb8db4ab5a22acea54e", "text": "Princess Elizabeth of Sweden Princess Elizabeth of Sweden ( also Elisabet Gustavsdotter Vasa ; 5 April 1549 Kungsör , Sweden - 20 November 1597 Stockholm ) , was a Swedish princess , and a duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Gadebusch by marriage to Christopher , Duke of Mecklenburg-Gadebusch . She was a daughter of King Gustav Vasa of Sweden and his second spouse , Queen Margaret .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d82b4c399e88bbe89f859a87fb5921f", "text": "FitzClarence Fitzclarence or FitzClarence is a pseudo-Anglo-Norman name meaning `` son of Clarence '' -- it usually refers to a bastard son of a Duke of Clarence , or a descendant thereof , and was used by them as a surname . The FitzClarence family was an illegitimate branch of the House of Hanover . Prince William , Duke of Clarence , and future king William IV of the United Kingdom , had at least ten children with his mistress Dorothea Jordan , all of whom took the surname FitzClarence . All of them were also granted by their father the rank of a marquess ' younger sons or daughters . The Duke of Clarence 's eldest surviving illegitimate child , George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) , was created Earl of Munster in 1831 and his male-line was continued until the death of Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster in 2000 . Two of Lord Munster 's brothers , Frederick and Augustus ( a priest ) , had issue that were also part of the family . Five daughters of William IV and Dorothy Jordan were married to nobles or prominent military figures , including William Hay , 18th Earl of Erroll , Lucius Cary , 10th Viscount Falkland , and Admiral Lord John Hallyburton . Only one , Mary , had no children . The 10 children of Prince William , Duke of Clarence , future King of Great Britain and his mistress , Dorothy Jordan , and their descendants : George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) and his grandson : Charles FitzClarence ( 1865 -- 1914 ) Henry FitzClarence ( 1795 -- 1817 ) Sophia FitzClarence ( 1796 -- 1837 ) Mary FitzClarence ( 1798 -- 1864 ) Frederick FitzClarence ( 1799 -- 1854 ) Elizabeth FitzClarence ( 1801 -- 1856 ) Adolphus FitzClarence ( rear admiral ) ( 1802 -- 1856 ) ( no issue ) Augusta FitzClarence ( 1803 -- 1865 ) Augustus FitzClarence ( 1805 -- 1854 ) Amelia FitzClarence ( 1807 -- 1858 ) William FitzClarence , 2nd Earl of Munster ( 1824 -- 1901 ) Geoffrey FitzClarence , 3rd Earl of Munster ( 1859 -- 1902 ) Aubrey FitzClarence , 4th Earl of Munster ( 1862 -- 1928 ) Geoffrey FitzClarence , 5th Earl of Munster ( 1906 -- 1975 ) Edward FitzClarence , 6th Earl of Munster ( 1899 -- 1983 ) Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster ( 1926 -- 2000 ) Category : House of Hanover Category : Noble families of the United Kingdom Category : William IV of the United Kingdom Category : Norman-language surnames !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8841d5f899e069bcaed33d66caaf987", "text": "Dauphin of France The Dauphin of France ( -LSB- pronˈdɔːfᵻn -RSB- , also -LSB- ˈdəufæn -RSB- and -LSB- douˈfæn -RSB- Dauphin de France , -LSB- dofɛ̃ -RSB- ) -- strictly The Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois ) -- was the title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791 and 1824 to 1830 . The word is French for dolphin , as a reference to the depiction of the animal on their coat of arms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e91bfb38c506bea35f8e39a675c5dd26", "text": "Crown Prince of Jordan The Crown Prince of Jordan is the heir to the throne of Jordan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "199e136bed4aea9b9b750033155b4d54", "text": "Prince Christian of Denmark Prince Christian of Denmark , Count of Monpezat ( Christian Valdemar Henri John ; born 15 October 2005 ) is the elder son and eldest child of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary . He is a grandson of Queen Margrethe II and her husband Prince Henrik . He is second in the Danish line of succession , after his father . His sister Isabella is immediately after him in the line of succession .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6c1b77719a46b2f7d5028a54c5bd468", "text": "Imperial Highness His/Her Imperial Highness ( abbreviation HIH ) is a style used by members of an imperial family to denote imperial -- as opposed to royal -- status to show that the holder in question is descended from an Emperor rather than a King ( compare His/Her Royal Highness ) . The first dynasty to use the style on the generic basis were the Romanovs in the eighteenth century ; the archdukes and archduchess of the House of Habsburg were only styled as Royal Highness given the officially elective nature of the Holy Roman Empire . With the establishment of the Austrian Empire in 1804 their style was changed to that of Imperial and Royal Highness . Today , the style has mainly fallen from use with the exception of the . In the past , the style has been applied to more senior members of imperial dynasties , including the French , Turkish , Russian , and Ethiopian imperial houses , among many others . Archdukes of Austria from the Habsburg dynasty held the style of Imperial and Royal Highness ( Kaiserliche und königliche Hoheit ) , with the `` Royal '' signifying their status as Princes of Hungary and Bohemia . They were also addressed as `` Imperial Highness '' ( Kaiserliche Hoheit ) . Members of the British royal family , theoretically , as the imperial family of India could have used the title , but did not . Category : Styles ( manners of address ) es : Tratamientos protocolares de la monarquía", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa1642fff459f734ed163a3ca6b88cd6", "text": "Prince Harald of Schaumburg-Lippe Prince Harald of Schaumburg-Lippe ( Harald Christian Leopold Gustav ; b. 27 March 1948 , in Schloss Hagenburg , Niedersachsen ) is the third son of Prince Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess Feodora of Denmark and the great-grandson of Frederick VIII of Denmark , a member of the Danish Royal Family . He married Petra Wera Kirstein on 22 July 1976 ; they divorced in 1980 . He married Gabrielle Hagermann on 23 September 1988 . Under Danish law he is not in line to inherit the throne , as he is not descended from Christian X . He is however in line of succession to the British throne as a descendant of George II of Great Britain , through his daughter Queen Louisa of Denmark and Norway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b4182a7525b8c515de33bed895515ea", "text": "Anne, Queen of Great Britain Anne ( 6 February 1665 -- 1 August 1714 ) became Queen of England , Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 . On 1 May 1707 , under the Acts of Union , two of her realms , the kingdoms of England and Scotland , united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain . She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death . Anne was born in the reign of her uncle Charles II , who had no legitimate children . Her father , James , was first in line to the throne . His suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England , and on Charles 's instructions Anne was raised as an Anglican . Three years after he succeeded Charles , James was deposed in the `` Glorious Revolution '' of 1688 . Anne 's Dutch Protestant brother-in-law and cousin William III became joint monarch with his wife , Anne 's elder sister Mary II . Although the sisters had been close , disagreements over Anne 's finances , status and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary 's accession and they became estranged . William and Mary had no children . After Mary 's death in 1694 , William continued as sole monarch until he was succeeded by Anne upon his death in 1702 . As queen , Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians , who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents , the Whigs . The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession , until in 1710 Anne dismissed many of them from office . Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough , turned sour as the result of political differences . Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life . From her thirties onwards , she grew increasingly lame and obese . Despite seventeen pregnancies by her husband , Prince George of Denmark , she died without any surviving children and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart . Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 , she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover , who was a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother , Elizabeth , a daughter of James VI and I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dd624bcc2522eeef1ca83c895ca9d4b", "text": "Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ( Antoinette Ernestine Amalie ; 28 August 1779 -- 14 March 1824 ) was a German princess of the House of Wettin . By marriage , she was a Duchess of Württemberg . Through her eldest surviving son , she is the ancestress of today 's ( Catholic ) House of Württemberg . Born in Coburg , she was the second daughter of Francis , Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf . She was also the elder sister of King Leopold I of Belgium and the aunt of both Queen Victoria and her husband , Prince Albert . Her maternal grandparents were Heinrich XXIV , Count Reuß-Ebersdorf and Karoline Ernestine von Erbach-Schönberg , and her paternal grandparents were Ernst Friedrich and Antoinette of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aeca3e0026e180cdbf6f88fcd5e3cfd", "text": "Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau Countess Caroline Amalie of Erbach-Fürstenau ( born : 29 September 1700 at Fürstenau Castle , Michelstadt -- died : 7 May 1758 in Hildburghausen ) , was a countess of Erbach-Furstenau and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen . From 1745 to 1748 , she was also Regent of Saxe-Hildburghausen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbd4d2854857970d15b33046914545b", "text": "List of monarchs of Prussia The monarchs of Prussia were members of the House of Hohenzollern who were the hereditary rulers of the former German state of Prussia from its founding in 1525 as the Duchy of Prussia . The Duchy had evolved out of the Teutonic Order , a Roman Catholic crusader state and theocracy located along the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea . The Teutonic Knights were under the leadership of a Grand Master , the last of whom , Albert , converted to Protestantism and secularized the lands , which then became the Duchy of Prussia . The Duchy was initially a vassal of the Kingdom of Poland , as a result of the terms of the Prussian Homage whereby Albert was granted the Duchy as part of the terms of peace following the Prussian War . When the main line of Prussian Hohenzollerns died out in 1618 , the Duchy passed to a different branch of the family , who also reigned as Electors of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire . While still nominally two different territories , Prussia under the suzerainty of Poland and Brandenburg under the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Empire , the two states are known together historiographically as Brandenburg-Prussia . Following the Second Northern War , a series of treaties freed the Duchy of Prussia from any vassalage to any other state , making it a fully sovereign Duchy in its own right . This complex situation ( where the Hohenzollern ruler of the independent Duchy of Prussia was also a subject of the Holy Roman Emperor as Elector of Brandenburg ) laid the eventual groundwork for the establishment of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 . For diplomatic reasons , the rulers of the state were known as the King in Prussia from 1701 to 1772 ; largely because they still owed fealty to the Emperor as Electors of Brandenburg , the `` King in Prussia '' title ( as opposed to `` King of Prussia '' ) avoided offending the Emperor . As the Prussian state grew through several wars and diplomatic moves throughout the 18th century , it became apparent that Prussia had become a Great Power that did not need to submit meekly to the Holy Roman Empire . By 1772 , the pretense was dropped , and the style `` King of Prussia '' was adopted . Thus it remained until 1871 , when in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War , the King of Prussia Wilhelm I was crowned German Emperor . From that point forward , though the Kingdom of Prussia retained its status as a constituent state of the German Empire , all remaining Kings of Prussia also served as German Emperor , and that title took precedence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d165a4ea0f9dcf497651ed8f83a3ec", "text": "Caroline of Sweden Caroline of Sweden - Swedish : Karolina and Charlotta , also Carola - may refer to : Charlotte , Queen consort of Sweden 1809 Carola of Vasa , Swedish princess ( claimant ) 1833", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38cc9c218f1ae3106393c7fef7a16903", "text": "Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein ( Christian Victor Albert Louis Ernst Anton ; 14 April 1867 -- 29 October 1900 ) was the eldest son of Princess Helena , third daughter of Queen Victoria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d350a818452d08c196d4f4818b9664a9", "text": "Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Homburg Landgravine Christiane Amalie of Hesse-Homburg , full German name : Christiane Amalie , Landgräfin von Hessen-Homburg ( 29 June 1774 , Bad Homburg vor der Höhe , Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg , Holy Roman Empire -- 3 February 1846 , Dessau , Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau ) was a member of the House of Hesse-Homburg and a Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg by birth . Through her marriage to Frederick , Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau , Amalie was also a member of the House of Ascania and Hereditary Princess of Anhalt-Dessau .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "620ac3edb50be5996296810164903366", "text": "Princess Charlotte of Prussia (1831–1855) Princess Frederica Louise Wilhelmina Marianne Charlotte of Prussia ( 21 June 1831 -- 30 March 1855 ) , was by birth a Princess of Prussia and member of the House of Hohenzollern and by marriage Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen . She was the eldest child and daughter of Prince Albert of Prussia ( younger son of Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz ) and his first wife Princess Marianne of the Netherlands ( daughter of William I of the Netherlands and Wilhelmine of Prussia ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ff13497760e78b612309778b79fd059b	The Los Angeles Lakers had the person who played for them, Magic Johnson.	[ { "docid": "da4277598f81ce4dd04f958739997763", "text": "Los Angeles Lakers The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , their last being in 2010 . As of 2015 , the Lakers are the second most valuable franchise in the NBA according to Forbes , having an estimated value of $ 2.7 billion . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers in honor of the state 's nickname , `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America and winning five of the next six BAA and NBA championships in Minneapolis after the NBA formed in 1949 . The team was propelled by center George Mikan , who is described by the NBA 's official website as the league 's `` first superstar '' . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960 -- 61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Boston Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain to play center , and after losing in the Finals in 1969 and 1970 , they won their sixth NBA title -- and first in Los Angeles -- in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired another center , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who had won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed `` Showtime '' due to their Magic Johnson-led fast break-offense , and won five championships in a 9-year span , including their first ever Finals championship against the Celtics in 1985 . This team featured Hall of Famers in Johnson , Abdul-Jabbar , and James Worthy , and a Hall of Fame coach , Pat Riley . After Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson 's retirement , the team struggled in the early 1990s before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996 . Led by O'Neal , Bryant , and another Hall of Fame coach , Phil Jackson , Los Angeles won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002 , securing the franchise its second `` three-peat '' . After losing both the 2004 and 2008 NBA Finals , the Lakers won two more championships by defeating the Orlando Magic in 2009 and Boston in 2010 . The Lakers hold the record for NBA 's longest winning streak , 33 straight games , set during the 1971 -- 72 season . 21 Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles , while four have coached the team . Four Lakers -- Abdul-Jabbar , Johnson , O'Neal , and Bryant -- have won the NBA MVP Award for a total of eight awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "eb6c6a656d8b5d77e5d525f20d009b3b", "text": "2003–04 Sacramento Kings season The 2003 -- 04 NBA season was the Kings ' 55th season in the NBA and 19th in Sacramento . The season was best remembered for the team making a move in the offseason , acquiring Brad Miller from the Indiana Pacers and signing free agent Anthony Peeler . Superstar forward Chris Webber , who spent most of the season recovering from microfracture knee surgery , then serving a suspension due to the Ed Martin scandal , returned for the final 23 games of the season in which they played mediocre basketball the rest of the way . Still , the Kings finished the season second in the Pacific Division with a 55 -- 27 record . In the first round of the playoffs , the Kings got the last laugh as they defeated their archrivals the Dallas Mavericks in five games , before falling to Kevin Garnett and the Minnesota Timberwolves in the second round as Webber missed a potential game-tying 3-pointer in Game 7 . This ended the Kings ' attempt at a championship as their core would be dismantled the following season , which included Vlade Divac re-signing as a free agent with the Los Angeles Lakers , and Gerald Wallace leaving for the 2004 NBA Expansion Draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f13bf342e91797771b2488165dbebdf2", "text": "1963–64 Los Angeles Lakers season The 1963 -- 64 NBA season was the Lakers ' 16th season in the NBA and fourth season in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33b77975b5ce48311a057cbe789fdfdd", "text": "Brian Keefe Brian Keefe is an American basketball coach , currently a player development coach for the Los Angeles Lakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aed77e5a62123590795afa1aab3bf32", "text": "Joe Bryant Joseph Washington `` Jellybean '' Bryant ( born October 19 , 1954 ) is an American retired professional basketball player , current coach , and the father of former Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant . Bryant was the head coach of the WNBA 's Los Angeles Sparks from August 22 , 2005 until April 4 , 2007 . He returned to that position after Jennifer Gillom was fired by the Los Angeles Sparks on July 10 , 2011 . Bryant has also coached in Italy , Japan and Thailand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f84ad9b6d86f4ed66a51351fa174906", "text": "1996–97 Denver Nuggets season The 1996 -- 97 NBA season was the Nuggets ' 21st season in the National Basketball Association , and 30th season as a franchise . In the offseason , the Nuggets acquired Mark Jackson and Ricky Pierce from the Indiana Pacers while signing free agent Ervin Johnson . However , after a 4 -- 9 start to the season , Bernie Bickerstaff was forced out as head coach and replaced with Dick Motta , where the Nuggets then lost ten straight games along the way . Midway through the season , Jackson was traded back to the Indiana Pacers , while Pierce was dealt to the Charlotte Hornets . Meanwhile , the Nuggets signed free agent Kenny Smith , who won championships with the Houston Rockets . As the season drew , the Nuggets still struggled losing 26 of their final 30 games finishing fifth in the Midwest Division with a 21 -- 61 record . Despite playing just 55 games due to injury , LaPhonso Ellis led the team in scoring with a career high of 21.9 points per game . Following the season , second-year star Antonio McDyess was traded to the Phoenix Suns , Dale Ellis was traded back to the Seattle SuperSonics , Johnson was dealt to the Milwaukee Bucks , Tom Hammonds signed as a free agent with the Minnesota Timberwolves , Smith retired and Motta was fired as coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e48427c3eb829098e06ac4376a51684", "text": "1998 NBA Finals The 1998 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1998 playoffs of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the conclusion of the 1997 -- 98 NBA season . The Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls played against the Western Conference champion Utah Jazz , with the Jazz holding home-court advantage with the first 2 games in Salt Lake City . In a repeat of the previous year 's Finals , the Bulls won the series 4 games to 2 for their third consecutive NBA title and their sixth in eight seasons . Michael Jordan was voted the NBA Finals MVP of the series ( he also had won the award the last five times the Bulls won the Finals : 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , and 1997 ) . This would be his sixth NBA championship and sixth Finals MVP award in six full basketball seasons . Until 2014 , it was the last consecutive Finals rematch between two teams . The 1998 Finals garnered the highest Nielsen TV ratings in NBA history at 18.7 , and even surpassed the Nielsen ratings for the 1998 World Series , marking the first time the NBA had a higher rating in its championship round than of Major League Baseball 's championship round . The 1998 NBA season documentary `` Unforgettabulls '' was the first of five narrated by Will Lyman through NBA Entertainment , which recaps the entire Bulls ' season . Rick Telander narrates on the opening credits . Marv Albert narrates the timeline of Michael Jordan 's career with the Bulls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da88433188325537b313875290d1b08b", "text": "Hank Finkel Henry J. Finkel ( born April 20 , 1942 ) is an American basketball player whose professional career lasted from 1966 to 1975 . Selected by the Los Angeles Lakers in Round 2 of the 1966 NBA draft he remained with the team through 1966 -- 67 , then played with the San Diego Rockets from 1967 to 1969 and spent the remaining years with the Boston Celtics , when , during his next to last season , the Celtics won the 1974 NBA Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d474d56ace39853e42908495798a00", "text": "1994–95 Sacramento Kings season The 1994 -- 95 NBA season was the Kings ' 46th season in the National Basketball Association , and 10th season in Sacramento . With the arrivals of rookies Brian Grant and Michael Smith , the Kings had an improved defense which held opponents at 99.2 points per game ( 8th best in the NBA ) . On the offensive side , the Kings were led by Mitch Richmond , who averaged 22.8 points per game while winning the All-Star MVP award in the 1995 NBA All-Star Game . The Kings played above .500 for the first half of the season with a 28 -- 20 record in mid February . However , they struggled with a 7-game losing streak afterwards as they began to slip under .500 . On the final day of the regular season , the Kings faced the Denver Nuggets at McNichols Sports Arena for the eighth and final playoff spot in the Western Conference . The Nuggets would win 102 -- 89 as the Kings went home with a 39 -- 43 record , missing the playoffs for the ninth consecutive season . Grant was selected to the All-Rookie First Team . Following the season , Spud Webb was traded back to the Atlanta Hawks . For the season , the Kings changed their logo and added purple to their uniforms . The jerseys lasted until 2002 , while the logo lasted until 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d945f989791166c585d7edc5fc263a9a", "text": "2004 NBA Finals The 2004 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 2003 -- 04 National Basketball Association season . The Finals were between the Los Angeles Lakers of the Western Conference and the Detroit Pistons of the Eastern Conference ; the Lakers held home court advantage . The series was played under a best-of-seven format , so the first team to collect four game victories would win the series . Although the Lakers were the heavy favorite , the Pistons won the series four games to one to win their first title since 1990 and their fifth overall ( three NBA Championships , two NBL Championships ) . Pistons point guard Chauncey Billups was named as the NBA Finals MVP . The series was noted for the perceived underdog , the Pistons , dominating a Lakers team that had four future Hall of Famers . Pistons owner William Davidson became the first owner in sports history to win two championships in one year . Eight days earlier , the other team that Davidson owned , the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League had won the Stanley Cup in seven games over the Calgary Flames .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b418a1eeddbdc8fa5ab9077945d98a2", "text": "1999–2000 Phoenix Suns season The 1999 -- 2000 NBA season was the 32nd season for the National Basketball Association 's Phoenix Suns . During the offseason , the Suns acquired All-Star guard Anfernee Hardaway from the Orlando Magic , while signing free agent Rodney Rogers and re-signing former Suns center Oliver Miller . Scott Skiles would come on as head coach , replacing Danny Ainge after a 13 -- 7 start to the season . The Suns would finish third in the Pacific Division at 53 -- 29 , and extend the franchise 's record for playoff appearances before losing in the Western Conference semifinals . Clifford Robinson led the team in scoring at 18.5 points per game . Hardaway , Jason Kidd , Rodney Rogers , Tom Gugliotta , and top draft pick Shawn Marion rounded out a list of six Suns players averaging double-digits in points . Kidd led the NBA in assists per game and was tied for fifth in steals , while being selected for the 2000 NBA All-Star Game . Rogers finished the regular season fourth in three-point field goal percentage , and won the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award . Kidd would earn All-NBA First Team and NBA All-Defensive Second Team honors . In March , former Suns guard Kevin Johnson came out of his retirement and played in six games . He would then retire for the second time after the playoffs . The Suns finished with the same regular season record , but did not have home court advantage going into their first round match-up with the San Antonio Spurs . Still , the Suns would advance to their first conference semifinals appearance since the 1994 -- 95 season en route to taking the series three games to one . The Suns lost in the conference semifinals to new league MVP Shaquille O'Neal and the eventual champion Los Angeles Lakers four games to one . Following the season , Rex Chapman retired , Miller was released and Luc Longley was traded to the New York Knicks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0be58a585e4507649d469c217ea3e6f", "text": "2002 NBA Finals The 2002 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's championship series for the 2001 -- 02 season . The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers ( who were also two-time defending NBA champions ) , and the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets . The Lakers swept the Nets four games to none to win the franchise 's 14th NBA championship . The 56th edition of the championship series was played between June 5 and June 12 and was broadcast on NBC -- the ( to date ) last NBA games broadcast on the network . Shaquille O'Neal , who averaged 36 points and 12 rebounds in the Finals , was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . Lakers coach Phil Jackson won his ninth ring , tying him with Red Auerbach for most all-time . During the series , he surpassed Pat Riley for most career playoffs wins with 156 . Will Lyman narrated the season-ending documentary for NBA Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a3e6982930c248dcd209c85b4d26a4", "text": "Ed Johnson (basketball) Ed Lee Johnson ( June 17 , 1945 -- April 5 , 2016 ) was an American professional basketball player . After a collegiate career at Tennessee State University , Johnson was selected in both the 1968 ABA draft and 1968 NBA draft . In a career that spanned 12 seasons , Johnson played in the original American Basketball Association , Continental Basketball Association , and some of the top leagues in Spain and France . He was named the most valuable player of the Eastern Basketball Association in 1972 -- 73 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98caedb3bc6e8e021453b32021c4eb51", "text": "Jim Pollard James Clifford `` Jim '' Pollard ( July 9 , 1922 -- January 22 , 1993 ) was an American basketball player and coach . In college , Pollard played for Stanford and was a key member of Stanford 's 1942 national championship team ( though due to illness , he did not play in the final game ) . During World War II , he starred in Coast Guard teams from Alameda to Honolulu . Following World War II , Pollard played for the San Diego Dons and the Oakland Bittners , making four trips to Denver for AAU playoffs . In the NBA , Pollard was considered one of the best forwards in the 1940s and 1950s , and was known for his leaping ability ( Pollard would occasionally dunk from the free throw line during warmups ) earning him the nickname `` The Kangaroo Kid '' . In 1952 , players who had performed in the NBA since its inception ( after the merging of the NBL and the BAA ) selected Pollard as the best player of the period . Pollard teamed with George Mikan and Vern Mikkelsen for the Minneapolis Lakers , forming one of the best front courts in basketball history . The Lakers won six professional basketball titles : 1948 ( NBL ) , 1949 ( BAA ) , 1950 ( NBA ) , 1952 ( NBA ) , 1953 ( NBA ) , 1954 ( NBA ) . Pollard ended his career after eight seasons , beginning in the NBL in 1947 and ending in the NBA in 1955 . He went on to coach La Salle University men 's basketball for three seasons from 1955 -- 1958 , compiling a record of 48-28 . Pollard coached the Minneapolis Lakers in 1960 , the Chicago Packers in 1961 -- 62 , Minnesota Muskies of the American Basketball Association in 1967 and 1968 . He then coached The Floridians of the same league in 1968 and 1969 followed by two seasons at Florida Atlantic University in Ft. Lauderdale . Pollard was considered an exceptional all-around athlete . During his NBA career , Pollard also played amateur baseball for Jordan , Minnesota 's Town Team baseball club . He was reputed to be `` a good pitcher and a powerful hitter . '' It was there that Pollard famously `` hit a ball that did n't stop until it got to Chicago '' , because it landed in a gondola car in a freight train passing by the ballpark . Pollard was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1978 . He has also been inducted into the Bay Area Hall of Fame , Stanford Hall of Fame , and Pac-12 Hall of Honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69aa3290e3b9cd7058694274721532c0", "text": "1993–94 Atlanta Hawks season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Hawks ' 45th season in the National Basketball Association , and 26th season in Atlanta . In the offseason , Michael Jordan shocked the NBA by announcing his retirement . This meant that various teams in the league had an opportunity to contend for a championship . The Hawks hired Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens as their new head coach . Wilkens was a star guard for the franchise when it was based in St. Louis in the 1960s . Wilkens was quickly moving up the all-time coaching wins list after successful runs with the Seattle SuperSonics and Cleveland Cavaliers . Wilkens employed a defensive system which benefited several members of the team . The team also signed free agents Craig Ehlo and Andrew Lang during the offseason . The Hawks got off to a slow start losing four of their first five games , but then went on a 14-game winning streak as they held a 34 -- 13 record before the All-Star break . Despite being in first place in the East , the Hawks would trade franchise leading scorer Dominique Wilkins to the Los Angeles Clippers for All-Star forward Danny Manning on February 24 . By the end of the season , the Hawks finished first overall in the Eastern Conference with a record of 57 wins and 25 losses . Guards Stacey Augmon and Mookie Blaylock were both named to the NBA All-Defensive team . Blaylock was also selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game along with Wilkins , and Coach of The Year , Lenny Wilkens coaching the Eastern Conference . In the playoffs , the Hawks defeated the Miami Heat in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals in five games after trailing 2 -- 1 , but lost to the 5th-seeded Indiana Pacers four games to two in the semifinals . Following the season , Manning signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Phoenix Suns , Duane Ferrell signed with the Indiana Pacers , and second-year forward Adam Keefe was traded to the Utah Jazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3595c130561f434444ee9b18a37df3d5", "text": "Jerry Grote (basketball) Jerry C. Grote ( born December 28 , 1940 ) is a retired American basketball player . He played one season for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4ee2a6febc9b0067998b1e58828db9", "text": "2001–02 Los Angeles Lakers season The 2001 -- 02 NBA season was the Lakers ' 54th season in the National Basketball Association , and 42nd in the city of Los Angeles . During the offseason , the Lakers signed All-Star guard Mitch Richmond and free agent Samaki Walker , while acquiring Lindsey Hunter from the Milwaukee Bucks . The team got off to a fast start winning 16 of their first 17 games , and finished second in the Pacific Division with a 58 -- 24 record . Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal were both selected for the 2002 NBA All-Star Game in which Bryant won MVP honors , but O'Neal did not participate in the All-Star game due to an injury . After sweeping the Portland Trail Blazers 3 -- 0 in the first round of the playoffs , then defeating the San Antonio Spurs 4 -- 1 in the semifinals , the Lakers where pushed to the brink once more in the Western Conference Finals by their archrivals the Sacramento Kings , who they narrowly defeated in a deciding seventh game . They then went on to win the NBA Finals , defeating and sweeping the New Jersey Nets in four straight games for their second three-peat in franchise history , the first since 1952 -- 54 . Following the season , Richmond retired and Hunter was traded to the Toronto Raptors . This would be the third and final consecutive NBA Championship the Lakers won in the early 2000s , as in the next season , their quest for a fourth consecutive NBA Championship ended with a playoff elimination by the San Antonio Spurs in six games in the semifinals , who would then go on to win the NBA Finals that season and their second NBA Championship . Although the Lakers returned to the Finals in 2004 , the Lakers would lose to the Detroit Pistons in five games , despite being the heavy favorites to win and having former All-Stars and veterans Gary Payton and Karl Malone , leading to O'Neal 's departure from the Lakers amidst boiling points between the Lakers staff and management and Kobe Bryant , culminating in his trade to the Miami Heat , ending the early 2000s Lakers dynasty . The Lakers would not win another title until 2009 , in which they defeated the Orlando Magic in five games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b9151ff1fe3a44ced19d1c8779d2329", "text": "List of career achievements by Magic Johnson This page details the career achievements of Basketball Hall of Famer Magic Johnson . He is a member of NBA 's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team and is widely considered to be the greatest point guard of all-time with", "title": "" }, { "docid": "688b65b80a5e1dee124ca4b90582600c", "text": "Shaqtin' a Fool Shaqtin ' a Fool is a weekly segment from the television show Inside the NBA , the postgame show of NBA on TNT following the conclusion of National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games airing on cable TV channel TNT . It first aired during the 2011 -- 12 NBA season , when retired NBA All-Star Shaquille O'Neal voiced it upon joining the show and was created by Turner Sports producer Mike Goldfarb . It highlights humorous and uncommon basketball plays that have occurred during NBA games in the past week . O'Neal is the host and presenter , while the other analysts in studio react and provide commentary . Most often , those have been fellow Inside regulars Ernie Johnson , Kenny Smith , and Charles Barkley , but other Inside hosts have also participated , including Chris Webber , Grant Hill , Steve Smith and Matt Winer . The segment regularly features NBA players and also includes , but is not limited to , referees , fans , mascots , and other arena employees . Sometimes they also air clips from other international basketball leagues . On special occasions , the segment features plays which had occurred during the past , including several entire `` retro '' editions . Each episode tends to have 5 entries from the past week , with each entry typically involving a single play ( although there are some times where a collection of similar bad plays , such as travels and air ball free throws , are highlighted ) . Multiple plays may include the same player , and a single play may highlight more than one player . Only 3 players have the Shaqtin `` Golden Ticket , '' which is lifetime immunity from being included in the segment : Larry Nance Jr. ( 2015 winner ) , PJ Tucker ( 2016 winner ) , and JaVale McGee ( after his long feud with O'Neal escalated in early 2017 , see more in MVP section ) . At the conclusion of the NBA postseason , a Shaqtin ' a Fool special airs on NBA TV . During the special , Shaquille O'Neal is joined by Jared Greenberg and Dennis Scott , and the top Shaqtin ' a Fool plays of the season are shown . On the 2013 special , 34 plays were shown to honor O'Neal 's jersey retirement of # 34 during his tenure with the Los Angeles Lakers . On the 2014 special , only 20 plays were shown . For the 2015 special , the number of plays increased to 30 . Since the beginning of the 2013 -- 14 NBA season , fans are able to tweet suggestions for Shaqtin ' a Fool . Also , ahead of the 2015 -- 16 season , Hotels.com sponsored Shaqtin ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "039fbf8df831732ffe94e31df7bd4c76", "text": "1991 NBA Playoffs The 1991 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1990 -- 91 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . Michael Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP . After the Pistons had ended their season the last three years , the Bulls got revenge in the Eastern Conference Finals by sweeping the two-time defending NBA champions . It was the first time the Bulls won a playoff series over the Pistons since 1974 , when both teams were still part of the Western Conference . Game 4 ended with some of the Pistons walking off the court before time expired , refusing to shake the Bulls ' hands . In the 1989 NBA Finals , the Pistons themselves had swept the two-time defending champion Lakers . Detroit did not reach the conference finals again until 2003 . The seventh seeded Golden State Warriors stunned the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs , defeating them 3 games to 1 . It would be Golden State 's last playoff series win until 2007 . The 76ers and the Bucks met in the first round of the playoffs where the 76ers swept the series . It would be both teams last playoff appearance until 1999 . Game 4 of the Blazers -- Jazz series was the last game ever played at the Salt Palace . This was the first year that NBC aired the NBA Playoffs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0da1d6f44fb06fd2f2aa02b0c1d80860", "text": "Gary Payton Gary Dwayne Payton ( born July 23 , 1968 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He started at the point guard position . He is best known for his 13-year tenure with the Seattle SuperSonics , and holds Seattle franchise records in points , assists , and steals . He also played with the Milwaukee Bucks , Los Angeles Lakers , Boston Celtics and Miami Heat , the last with whom he won an NBA championship . He was nicknamed `` The Glove '' for his excellent defensive ability . He was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame on September 8 , 2013 . Payton is widely considered one of the best point guards of all time and is the only point guard that has won the NBA Defensive Player of the Year award . He was selected to the NBA All-Defensive First Team nine times , an NBA record he shares with Michael Jordan , Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant . He was also a nine-time NBA All-Star and a nine-time All-NBA Team member . Considered the `` NBA 's reigning high scorer among point guards '' in his prime , Payton is referred to as `` probably as complete a guard as there ever was '' by Basketball Hall of Famer Gail Goodrich .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b01b70d592f333cd2f5b149cd0a7a909	London was founded by the Greeks.	[ { "docid": "82cd78e9f4458ea0cde53e9c118698db", "text": "London London -LSB- ˈlʌndən -RSB- is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . It was founded by the Romans , who named it Londinium . London 's ancient core , the City of London , largely retains its 1.12 sqmi medieval boundaries . Since at least the 19th century , `` London '' has also referred to the metropolis around this core , historically split between Middlesex , Essex , Surrey , Kent , and Hertfordshire , which today largely makes up Greater London , See also : Independent city § National capitals . governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.The London Mayor is not to be confused with the Lord Mayor of London who heads the City of London Corporation , which administers the City of London . London is a leading global city in the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism , and transportation . It is crowned as the world 's largest financial centre and has the fifth - or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.Rankings of cities by metropolitan area GDP can vary as a result of differences in the definition of the boundaries and population sizes of the areas compared , exchange rate fluctuations and the method used to calculate output . London and Paris are of broadly similar size in terms of total economic output which can result in third party sources varying as to which is the fifth-largest city GDP in the world . A report by the McKinsey Global Institute published in 2012 estimated that London had a city GDP of US$ 751.8 billion in 2010 , compared to US$ 764.2 billion for Paris , making them respectively the sixth - and fifth-largest in the world . A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers published in November 2009 estimated that London had a city GDP measured in purchasing power parity of US$ 565 billion in 2008 , compared to US$ 564 billion for Paris , making them respectively the fifth - and sixth-largest in the world . The McKinsey Global Institute study used a metropolitan area with a population of 14.9 million for London compared to 11.8 million for Paris , whilst the PricewaterhouseCoopers study used a metropolitan area with a population of 8.59 million for London compared to 9.92 million for Paris . London is a world cultural capital . It is the world 's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world 's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic . London is the world 's leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city . London 's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe . In 2012 , London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times . London has a diverse range of people and cultures , and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region . Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population ( corresponding to Greater London ) was 8,673,713 , the largest of any city in the European Union , and accounting for 12.5 % of the UK population . London 's urban area is the second most populous in the EU , after Paris , with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census . The city 's metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants , while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region ( covering a large part of the south east ) as 22.7 million . London was the world 's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925 . London contains four World Heritage Sites : the Tower of London ; Kew Gardens ; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster , Westminster Abbey , and St Margaret 's Church ; and the historic settlement of Greenwich ( in which the Royal Observatory , Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian , 0 ° longitude , and GMT ) . Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace , the London Eye , Piccadilly Circus , St Paul 's Cathedral , Tower Bridge , Trafalgar Square , and The Shard . London is home to numerous museums , galleries , libraries , sporting events , and other cultural institutions , including the British Museum , National Gallery , Natural History Museum , Tate Modern , British Library , and West End theatres . The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3a143fbb2daf2deee65aa089be59cc23", "text": "Fresh Wharf Fresh Wharf was a wharf located in the City of London close to London Bridge , on the north bank of the River Thames . The site was used as a quay in Roman times and later as an unloading place for Anglo-Saxon boats . A wharf was constructed there at some point in the medieval period and appears to have acquired its name from its customary usage as a landing place for fresh fish . In the 16th century , Fresh Wharf was made a `` Legal Quay '' authorised for the import of certain goods during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England . It expanded as London 's river-borne trade grew in the 18th and 19th centuries , with large warehouses being established immediately behind the wharf . In the 20th century , the wharf 's owners took over the adjoining wharves immediately upstream and downstream , built a new ten-storey warehouse and renamed the site New Fresh Wharf . By the end of the 1960s , however , London 's docks had fallen into disuse with the advent of containerization , for which they were not suited , and the wharf was closed down in 1970 . An office block was built on the site of the warehouse in 1977 and the former quayside is now part of a public footpath along the Thames .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2c7bd99483ee751c6a7675c708c5a63", "text": "St Paul's Cathedral St Paul 's Cathedral , London , is an Anglican cathedral , the seat of the Bishop of London and the mother church of the Diocese of London . It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade 1 listed building . Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site , founded in AD 604 . The present cathedral , dating from the late 17th century , was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren . Its construction , completed in Wren 's lifetime , was part of a major rebuilding programme in the City after the Great Fire of London . The cathedral is one of the most famous and most recognisable sights of London . Its dome , framed by the spires of Wren 's City churches , dominated the skyline for 300 years . At 365 ft high , it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1967 . The dome is among the highest in the world . St Paul 's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom after Liverpool Cathedral . St Paul 's Cathedral occupies a significant place in the national identity . It is the central subject of much promotional material , as well as of images of the dome surrounded by the smoke and fire of the Blitz . Services held at St Paul 's have included the funerals of Lord Nelson , the Duke of Wellington , Sir Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher ; jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria ; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars ; the wedding of Charles , Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer ; the launch of the Festival of Britain ; and the thanksgiving services for the Silver , Golden and Diamond Jubilees and the 80th and 90th birthdays of Elizabeth II . St Paul 's Cathedral is a working church with hourly prayer and daily services . The tourist entry fee at the door is # 18 for adults ( March 2017 , cheaper online ) , but no charge is made to worshippers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a979caf100f9368eb96d37ba5b294b44", "text": "London (novel) London is a historical novel by Edward Rutherfurd published in 1997 , which charts the history of London from 54 B.C. to 1997 . The novel begins with the birth of the River Thames and moves to 54 B.C. , detailing the life of Segovax , a curious character with slightly webbed hands and a flash of white hair . Seqovax becomes the ancestor of the Ducket and Dogget families , prominent fictional families woven into the novel . Historical figures , such as Julius Caesar , Geoffrey Chaucer , William Shakespeare , and Pocahontas , make appearances alongside fictional characters and historical kings and queens of England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5491eafda07901342616a24e647bbb2", "text": "Greek Cypriot diaspora The Greek-Cypriot diaspora refers to the Greek Cypriot population of Cyprus , or people who are of Greek Cypriot origins , who live abroad because of either economic reasons , or were part of the Greek population that was uprooted from their homes in Northern Cyprus by the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus when the island was divided , into the Greek-Cypriot controlled southern two-thirds and the Turkish-controlled northern one-third in 1974 . Many Greek Cypriots migrated to the UK in the 1950s and 1960s for economic reasons , but many also fled , leaving their island country behind after the Turkish invasion of 1974 . Today , the majority of Greek Cypriots living abroad are in the United Kingdom , and in particular North London , many around the Southgate neighbourhood but thousands more have also relocated to Australia , Canada , South Africa , the United States and other European countries . Many do often return to Cyprus and are a major force in advocating Cypriot issues around the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65a0c26a7ec76836cd1ce00c82dd24ad", "text": "Croydon Croydon is a large town in south London , England , 9.5 mi south of Charing Cross . The principal settlement in the London Borough of Croydon , it is one of the largest commercial districts outside Central London , with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy . Its population of 52,104 at the 2011 census includes the wards of Addiscombe , Broad Green and Fairfield . Historically part of the hundred of Wallington in the county of Surrey , at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church , a mill , and around 365 inhabitants , as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 . Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production , leather tanning and brewing . The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world 's first public railway . Later nineteenth century railway building facilitated Croydon 's growth as a commuter town for London . By the early 20th century , Croydon was an important industrial area , known for car manufacture , metal working and Croydon Airport . In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and the service economy , brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre , the largest shopping centre in London until 2008 . Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965 . Croydon lies on a transport corridor between central London and the south coast of England , to the north of two gaps in the North Downs , one followed by the A23 Brighton Road through Purley and Merstham and the main railway line and the other by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange . Road traffic is diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre , mostly consisting of the North End . East Croydon is a major hub of the national railway transport system , with frequent fast services to central London , Brighton and the south coast . The town is unique in Greater London for its Tramlink light rail transport system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d26367cefdfb9ee520da092e072b94", "text": "Festival of Britain The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition and fair that reached millions of visitors throughout the United Kingdom in the summer of 1951 . Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says the Festival was a `` triumphant success '' as people : flocked to the South Bank site , to wander around the Dome of Discovery , gaze at the Skylon , and generally enjoy a festival of national celebration . Up and down the land , lesser festivals enlisted much civic and voluntary enthusiasm . A people curbed by years of total war and half-crushed by austerity and gloom , showed that it had not lost the capacity for enjoying itself ... Above all , the Festival made a spectacular setting as a showpiece for the inventiveness and genius of British scientists and technologists . Labour cabinet member Herbert Morrison was the prime mover ; in 1947 he started with the original plan to celebrate the centennial of the Great Exhibition of 1851 . However it was not to be another World Fair , for international themes were absent , as was the British Commonwealth . Instead the 1951 festival focused entirely on Britain and its achievements ; it was funded chiefly by the government , with a budget of # 12 million . The Labour government was losing support and so the implicit goal of the festival was to give the people a feeling of successful recovery from the war 's devastation , as well as promoting British science , technology , industrial design , architecture and the arts . The Festival 's centrepiece was in London on the South Bank of the Thames . There were events in Poplar ( Architecture ) , Battersea ( The Festival Pleasure Gardens ) , South Kensington ( Science ) and Glasgow ( Industrial Power ) . Festival celebrations took place in Cardiff , Stratford-upon-Avon , Bath , Perth , Bournemouth , York , Aldeburgh , Inverness , Cheltenham , Oxford , Norwich , Canterbury and elsewhere and there were touring exhibitions by land and sea . The Festival became a `` beacon for change '' that proved immensely popular with thousands of elite visitors and millions of popular ones . It helped reshape British arts , crafts , designs and sports for a generation . Journalist Harry Hopkins highlights the widespread impact of the `` Festival style '' . They called it `` Contemporary '' . It was : clean , bright and new ... . It caught hold quickly and spread first across London and then across England ... In an island hitherto largely given up to gravy browns and dull greens , `` Contemporary '' boldly espoused strong primary colors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6504006b2ff4c483ac3a08b0d71ba8e2", "text": "The Greeks (book) The Greeks is a 1951 non-fiction book on classical Greece by University of Bristol professor and translator H. D. F. Kitto . The book was first published in hardback by Penguin Books , but has been republished in several formats since its initial publication . The Greeks serves as an introduction to the whole range of life in ancient Greece and established Kitto as one of the foremost Grecian scholars of his time . Kitto begins the book :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828", "text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7bb5722c3ba59362ad8f4405ed117f2", "text": "Paddington Street Paddington Street is a street in the City of Westminster in London that runs from the junction of Crawford Street and Baker Street in the east to Marylebone High Street in the west . Sherlock Mews , Chiltern Street , Luxborough Street , and Nottingham Place join Paddington Street on its north side . On the south side , Kenrick Place , Chiltern Street , and Ashland Place adjoin Paddington Street . The Hellenic Centre is located at 16-18 Paddington Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bb076286dcc78f7e82efd02a2f1dad1", "text": "Hellenization Hellenization or Hellenisation is the historical spread of ancient Greek culture and , to a lesser extent , language , over foreign peoples conquered by Greeks or brought into their sphere of influence , particularly during the Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC . The result of Hellenization was that elements of Greek origin combined in various forms and degrees with local elements ; these Greek influences spread from the Mediterranean basin as far east as modern-day Pakistan . In modern times , Hellenization has been associated with the adoption of modern Greek culture and the ethnic and cultural homogenization of Greece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d02e5fee5891f3a0dc62441138bed49f", "text": "London Institution The London Institution was an educational institution founded in London in 1806 ( not to be confused with the British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom founded the previous year , with which it shared some founders ) . It preceded the University of London in making scientific education widely available in the capital to people such as the Dissenters who adhered to non-orthodox religious beliefs and were consequently barred from attending Oxford University or Cambridge University . The Institution moved into premises at Finsbury Circus in 1815 and was particularly noted for the teaching of chemistry . It closed in 1912 and the buildings were used for the University of London until their demolition in 1936 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ed402caded13735e63858a506a3883e", "text": "List of ancient Greek tribes The ancient Greek tribes were groups of Greek-speaking populations living in Greece , Cyprus , and the various Greek colonies . They were primarily divided by geographic , dialectal , political , and cultural criteria , as well as distinct traditions in mythology and religion . Some groups were of mixed origin , forming a syncretic culture through absorption and assimilation of previous and neighboring populations into the Greek language and customs . With the dominion of land passing on from one tribe to the other , cultural exchange through art and trade , and frequent alliances toward common goals , the ethnic character of the different tribes had become primarily political by the dawn of the Hellenistic period . The Roman conquest of Greece , the subsequent division of the Roman Empire into Greek East and Latin West , as well as the advent of Christianity , molded the common ethnic and political Greek identity once and for all to the subjects of the Greek world by the 3rd century AD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff53d21d94c66f3b5e84939b18b2fc1", "text": "London Wall London Wall was the defensive wall first built by the Romans around Londinium , their strategically important port town on the River Thames in what is now London , England , and subsequently maintained until the 18th century . It is now the name of a road in the City of London running along part of the course of the old wall between Wormwood Street and the Rotunda junction where St. Martin 's Le Grand meets Aldersgate Street . Until the later Middle Ages the wall defined the boundaries of the City of London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "841b2ac3d3ddeee20b4926ae48b23380", "text": "Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove There are 70 Grade II * listed buildings in the city of Brighton and Hove , England . The city , on the English Channel coast approximately 52 mi south of London , was formed as a unitary authority in 1997 by the merger of the neighbouring towns of Brighton and Hove . Queen Elizabeth II granted city status in 2000 . In England , a building or structure is defined as `` listed '' when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of `` special architectural or historic interest '' by the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport , a Government department , in accordance with the Planning ( Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas ) Act 1990 . English Heritage , a non-departmental public body , acts as an agency of this department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues . There are three grades of listing status . Grade I , the highest , is defined as being of `` exceptional interest '' ; Grade II * is used for `` particularly important buildings of more than special interest '' ; and Grade II , the lowest , is used for buildings of `` special interest '' . Brighton was founded on top of the sea-facing cliffs where the South Downs meet the English Channel . A series of valleys allowed transport routes to develop towards Lewes , London and other important settlements . Although Neolithic settlement has been confirmed , the Anglo-Saxons were the first permanent settlers ; the population was about 400 by the time of the Domesday survey in 1086 . Its neighbour Hove , on flatter , more fertile land to the west , developed concurrently but independently : its existence was recorded in 1288 , and two separate prebends ( similar to benefices ) existed by 1291 . Fishing , farming and smuggling drove the economy , but decline set in during the Middle Ages and persisted until the 19th century . Coastal flooding destroyed buildings on many occasions , the parish church fell into ruins , and the population -- almost all poor -- numbered about 100 in 1801 . Brighton became fashionable as a holiday destination and health resort in the mid-18th century , and royal patronage ( particularly by the flamboyant Prince Regent ) increased its popularity with high society and the upper classes . Day-trippers and longer-term visitors from other social classes soon followed , and by the early 19th century the town was Britain 's foremost seaside resort . Developments such as Royal Crescent , Regency Square , Oriental Place and Park Crescent characterised the bold architectural vision of the town 's new residents ; the design triumvirate of Amon Wilds , Amon Henry Wilds and Charles Busby were instrumental in realising these plans . Hove 's fortunes improved in line with Brighton 's success , and developments such as Palmeira Mansions and Sir Isaac Goldsmid 's Adelaide Crescent covered the fields between the ancient village of Hove and Brighton 's continuous westward expansion . The Vicar of Brighton , Rev. Henry Michell Wagner -- a wealthy , progressive clergyman with strong Anglo-Catholic views and an interest in architecture -- and his son and successor Rev. Arthur Wagner were responsible for an array of new churches throughout Brighton and Hove ( especially in poorer residential areas ) ; many are listed at Grade I , and the Grade II * - listed examples of St Martin 's and St Paul 's merely add to a stock of Victorian places of worship which has been described as one of the best outside London . Elsewhere during the Victorian era , the former parish churches of both Brighton and Hove were rebuilt ; an elaborate synagogue was provided for the Jewish population ; Roman Catholic worship became established at the Classical-style St John the Baptist 's Church ; a new parish church was established in the form of Charles Barry 's St Peter 's ; and several other churches were established . Both towns were incorporated as boroughs : Brighton in 1854 , Hove in 1898 . Expansion in the 20th century , as the urban area became a large regional centre , resulted in ancient villages being absorbed into the boroughs . Hangleton , West Blatchington , Ovingdean , Rottingdean and others had historic buildings and long-established churches of their own ; by 1928 , Acts of Parliament had brought them into `` Greater Brighton and Hove '' . In 1997 , the towns were officially united as a unitary authority ; three years later , city status was secured . Some listings include contributory fixtures such as surrounding walls or railings in front of the building . These are summarised by notes alongside the building name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95e4f96dfe4f2da67c28e55ef8f7c7e8", "text": "Coat of arms of the City of London The coat of arms of the City of London is the official coat of arms of the City of London , which is one of a number of cities and boroughs in Greater London . The Corporation of the City of London has a full achievement of armorial bearings consisting of a shield on which the arms are displayed , a crest displayed on a helmet above the shield , supporters on either side and a motto displayed on a scroll beneath the arms . The blazon of the arms is as follows : Arms : Argent a cross gules , in the first quarter a sword in pale point upwards of the last . Crest : On a wreath argent and gules a dragon 's sinister wing argent charged on the underside with a cross throughout gules . Supporters : On either side a dragon argent charged on the undersides of the wings with a cross throughout gules . The coat of arms is `` anciently recorded '' at the College of Arms . It was in use in 1381 , forming part of the design of a new mayoralty seal taken into use on 17 April of that year . The arms consist of a silver shield bearing a red cross with a red upright sword in the first quarter . They combine the emblems of the patron saints of England and London : the Cross of St George with the symbol of the martyrdom of Saint Paul . The 1381 arms replaced an earlier shield , found on a charter of 1319 , that depicted St Paul holding a sword . The sword is often erroneously supposed to commemorate the killing of Peasants ' Revolt leader Wat Tyler by Lord Mayor of London William Walworth . However the arms were in use some months before Tyler 's death , and the tradition that Walworth 's dagger is depicted may date from the late 17th century . The crest and supporters came into use in the 17th century , but were used without authority until 30 April 1957 , when they were confirmed and granted by letters patent from the College of Arms . The crest is a dragon 's wing bearing the cross of St George , borne upon a peer 's helmet . A primitive form of the crest first appeared in 1539 on the reverse of a new common seal . This showed a fan-like object bearing a cross . Over time this evolved into a dragon 's wing , and was shown as such in 1633 when it appeared above the city 's coat of arms in the frontispiece to the fourth edition of John Stow 's Survey of London . The wing is specified as a dragon 's left wing , i.e. its proper left wing ( which can be compared to heraldic left ) . It has been speculated that the use of a peer 's helmet ( rather than that of a gentleman , in other civic arms ) relates to the use of the honorific prefix `` The Right Honourable '' by the Lord Mayor . The helm was confirmed in 1957 . However , there are various representations of the arms being surmounted by a ` Muscovy Hat ' as worn by the City Swordbearer over the Stuart and Georgian period most notably as carved on the George Dance Porch of the Guildhall . On the seal of 1381 two lions were shown supporting the arms . However , by 1609 the present supporters , two silver dragons bearing red crosses upon their wings , had been adopted . The dragons were probably suggested by the legend of Saint George and the Dragon . The Latin motto of the City is `` Domine dirige nos '' , which translates as `` Lord , direct ( guide ) us '' . It appears to have been adopted in the 17th Century , as the earliest record of it is in 1633 . A banner of the arms ( the design on the shield ) is flown as a flag of the City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "017d4528849ee78476d6188f4a833ede", "text": "London Borough of Croydon The London Borough of Croydon is a London borough in south London , England and is part of Outer London . It covers an area of 87 km2 and is the largest London borough by population . It is the southernmost borough of London . At its centre is the historic town of Croydon from which the borough takes its name . Croydon is mentioned in Domesday Book , and from a small market town has expanded into one of the most populous areas on the fringe of London . Croydon is the civic centre of the borough . The borough is now one of London 's leading business , financial and cultural centres , and its influence in entertainment and the arts contribute to its status as a major metropolitan centre . Formed in 1965 from the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District and the County Borough of Croydon , the local authority Croydon London Borough Council , is now part of the local government association for Greater London , London Councils . The economic strength of Croydon dates back mainly to Croydon Airport which was a major factor in the development of Croydon as a business centre . Once London 's main airport for all international flights to and from the capital , it was closed on 30 September 1959 due to the lack of expansion space needed for an airport to serve the growing city . It is now a Grade II listed building and tourist attraction . Croydon Council and its predecessor Croydon Corporation unsuccessfully applied for city status in 1954 , 2000 , 2002 and 2012 . The area is currently going through a large regeneration project called Croydon Vision 2020 which is predicted to attract more businesses and tourists to the area as well as backing Croydon 's bid to become London 's Third City ( after ` The City ' and Westminster ) . Croydon is mostly urban , though there are large suburban and rural uplands in the south . Since 2003 Croydon has been certified as a Fairtrade borough by the Fairtrade Foundation . It was the first London Borough to have Fairtrade status which is awarded on certain criteria . The area is one of the hearts of culture in London and the South East of England . Institutions such as the major arts and entertainment centre Fairfield Halls add to the vibrancy of the borough . However , its famous fringe theatre `` the Warehouse Theatre '' was put under administration in 2012 when the council withdrew its funding and the building itself was demolished in 2013 . The Croydon Clocktower was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 as an arts venue featuring a library , the independent David Lean Cinema ( closed by the council in 2011 after 16 years of operating , but now partially reopened on a part-time and volunteers basis ) and museum . From 2000 to 2010 , Croydon staged an annual summer festival celebrating the area 's black and Indian cultural diversity , with audiences reaching over 50,000 people . An internet radio station , Croydon Radio , is run by local people for the area . The borough is also home to its own local TV station , Croydon TV . Premier League football club Crystal Palace F.C. play at Selhurst Park in South Norwood , a stadium they have been based in since 1924 . Other landmarks in the borough include Addington Palace , an 18th-century mansion which became the official second residence of six archbishops , Shirley Windmill , one of the few surviving large windmills in Greater London built in the 1850s , and the BRIT School , a creative arts institute run by the BRIT Trust which has produced artists such as Adele , Amy Winehouse and Leona Lewis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6763234d0f74973d64bd3323600567d0", "text": "Greek National Awakening The concept and term `` National Awakening '' ( in Greek Εθνική αφύπνιση ) is used by many historians , intellectuals and lay authors to refer to the revival of the Greek national self-conscious , or modern Greek nationalism , which paved the way to the Greek Revolution of 1821 . Whereas most authors do not define the exact time-frame of this period , it is generally agreed that this awakening ( or revival ) occurred in the 18th century . According to the Greek historian Nikos Svoronos ( 1911-1989 ) , the period of the Greek National Awakening is 1715-1821 . The periodization of exhibits in the National Historical Museum of Athens sets the beginning of the Awakening era at 1670 . Other authors put the onset of this period in the mid 18th century . For example , a series of historical presentations by academic historians in the Greek State Television ( ERT ) , defined as `` National Awakening '' period the years 1750-1821 . The Greek -- as well as other Balkan nations ' -- awakening was generated by internal and external forces . Opposition to the Ottomans was the main internal impetus . The main external factor was the assistance from Russia , on the ground of the common religion and long historical bonds . Since the fall of Constantinople to the Turks , the Greek national aspirations for liberation were expressed in the form of popular oracle and prophecies , some of them alleging to the intervention of fair-haired people ( xanthon genos ) to help Greeks . In 1656 a prominent Greek clergyman interpreted the `` fair-haired people '' as the Russians . With the emergence of Russia as a big power in Eastern Europe , the Greek-Russian ties assumed a military and political dimension . Beginning with the 1711 Pruth Campaign , Peter the Great called for the cooperation of all Orthodox people under the Russian leadership , to fight for `` the belief and the fatherland '' . After this campaign , the sultan appointed Greek Phanariots as governors of the Ottoman vassal territories of Wallachia and Moldavia . The Phanariots introduced an enlighted reform in their principalities , and produced a line of educated Greek and Balkan scholars who contributed to the national awakening of their respective countries . The Greek communities in Russia , as well as in the Western and Central Europe , were also a key factor to the Greek awakening . After the Treaty of Kutchuk-Kainardji ( 1774 ) Russia assumed the role of protector of the Orthodox people subjects of the Ottoman Empire . After Peter the Great , Catherine II envisaged a `` Greek Project '' which involved a revival of a Greek state with Constantinople as capital , to be ruled by her grandson Constantine . The Russian expansionist policy greatly facilitated the modern Greek awakening , catalyzing key components such as military resistance , political activism , commercial growth , educational and cultural progress . Russia 's wars against the Ottoman Empire in 18th early 19th century ( 1711 , 1737 -- 39 , 1768 -- 74 , 1787 -- 92 , 1806 -- 12 ) , as well as the short-lived Russian occupation of the Ionian islands after the Napoleonic wars , nourished the Greek tradition of armed resistance to the Ottomans and helped Greeks to receive fighting experience . The most important Russian influenced revolutionary activities of the Greeks in 18th c. were the failed Orlov expedition in 1769-1770 and the Lambros Katsonis ' flotilla raids against the Turks in 1778-1792 . Other independence movements of the 18th century , were those of the Souli and Souliotes . Counter to the `` national awakening '' historiographic view is the one that emphasizes the importance of the French Revolution and Napoleon in the Greek and other Balkan national movements . Among the eminent works of this school in the 20th century are those of the Romanian historian N. Iorga ( 1934 ) and the Greeks A. Daskalakis ( 1937 ) , N. Moschopoulos ( 1939 ) and other subsequent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba507ec6911eb5fb3cf6845ca1ea721b", "text": "Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (33–717) This is a timeline of the presence of Orthodoxy in Greece . The history of Greece traditionally encompasses the study of the Greek people , the areas they ruled historically , as well as the territory now composing the modern state of Greece . Christianity was first brought to the geographical area corresponding to modern Greece by the Apostle Paul , although the church 's apostolicity also rests upon St. Andrew who preached the gospel in Greece and suffered martyrdom in Patras , Titus , Paul 's companion who preached the gospel in Crete where he became bishop , Philip who , according to the tradition , visited and preached in Athens , Luke the Evangelist who was martyred in Thebes , Lazarus of Bethany , Bishop of Kition in Cyprus , and John the Theologian who was exiled on the island of Patmos where he received the Revelation recorded in the last book of the New Testament . In addition , the Theotokos is regarded as having visited the Holy Mountain in 49 AD according to tradition . Thus Greece became the first European area to accept the gospel of Christ . Towards the end of the 2nd century the early apostolic bishoprics had developed into metropolitan sees in the most important cities . Such were the sees of Thessaloniki , Corinth , Nicopolis , Philippi and Athens . By the 4th century almost the entire Balkan peninsula constituted the Exarchate of Illyricum which was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome . Illyricum was assigned to the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople by the emperor in 732 . From then on the Church in Greece remained under Constantinople till the fall of the Byzantine empire to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 . As an integral part of the Ecumenical Patriarchate , the church remained under its jurisdiction until Greek independence . Under Ottoman rule , up to `` 6,000 Greek clergymen , ca. 100 Bishops , and 11 Patriarchs knew the Ottoman sword '' . The Greek War of Independence of 1821 -- 28 created an independent southern Greece , but created anomalies in ecclesiastical relations since the Ecumenical Patriarch remained under Ottoman tutelage , and in 1850 the Endemousa Synod in Constantinople declared the Church of Greece autocephalous . The cultural roots of both Byzantine and modern Greece can not be separated from Orthodoxy . Therefore , it was natural that in all Greek Constitutions the Orthodox Church was accorded the status of the prevailing religion . In the 20th century , during much of the period of communism , the Church of Greece saw itself as a guardian of Orthodoxy . It cherishes its place as the cradle of the primitive church and the Greek clergy are still present in the historic places of Istanbul and Jerusalem , and Cyprus . The autocephalous Church of Greece is organised into 81 dioceses , however 35 of these -- known as the Metropolises of the New Lands -- are nominally under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople but are administered as part of the Church of Greece ; although the dioceses of Crete , the Dodecanese , and Mount Athos are under the direct jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople . `` Codified in the 1928 Patriarchal and Synodical Act , the `` New Lands '' were entrusted to the temporary stewardship of the Church of Greece , provided that the Church respected the terms of the Act . The Act subsequently has been incorporated into several pieces of Greek legislation ( Laws 3615/1928 , 5438/1932 , 599/1977 , and Article 3 , paragraph 1 of the current Greek Constitution ) , thereby recognizing the ecclesiastical agreement between the two sides . '' The Archbishop of Athens and All Greece presides over both a standing synod of twelve metropolitans ( six from the new territories and six from southern Greece ) , who participate in the synod in rotation and on an annual basis , and a synod of the hierarchy ( in which all ruling metropolitans participate ) , which meets once a year . The government observes several religious holidays as national holidays including Epiphany , Clean Monday ( the start of Great Lent ) , Good Friday , Easter Sunday , Easter Monday , Holy Spirit Day , the Dormition of the Theotokos and Christmas . Among the current concerns of the Church of Greece are the Christian response to globalization , to interreligious dialogue , and a common Christian voice within the framework of the European Union . The population of Greece is 11.4 million ( 2011 ) , of which 95 % to 98 % are Greek Orthodox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d052265c5261b9731342cddf3531bf0", "text": "Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : ελληνικά -LSB- eliniˈka -RSB- , elliniká , `` Greek '' , ελληνική γλώσσα -LSB- eliniˈci ˈɣlosa -RSB- , ellinikí glóssa , `` Greek language '' ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages , native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any living language , spanning 34 centuries of written records . Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history ; other systems , such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary , were used previously . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Armenian , Coptic , Gothic and many other writing systems . The Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world and Christianity ; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes seminal works in the Western canon such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science , especially astronomy , mathematics and logic , and Western philosophy , such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle , are composed ; the New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koiné Greek . Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics . During antiquity , Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and many places beyond . It would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire and develop into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , the Greek language is the official language in two countries , Greece and Cyprus , a recognised minority language in seven other countries , and is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . The language is spoken by at least 13.2 million people today in Greece , Cyprus , Italy , Albania , Turkey , and the Greek diaspora . Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages ; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "407b50dc3215fe1bd66eaafcd3c8dbbe", "text": "City of London (disambiguation) The City of London is the historic centre and main financial district of London , England . City of London may also refer to : London , the capital city of England London , Ontario , Canada City of London Corporation , the governing body of the City of London , England", "title": "" } ]	fever
bf628ad78339392ffb004985dd714096	Toy Story was released by Walt Disney Pictures in 1995.	[ { "docid": "b81a407bff682f4ea1b7ac02aa4a16a2", "text": "Toy Story Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated buddy comedy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The directorial debut of John Lasseter , Toy Story was the first feature-length computer-animated film and the first theatrical film produced by Pixar . Taking place in a world where anthropomorphic toys pretend to be lifeless whenever humans are present , the film 's plot focuses on the relationship between Woody , an old-fashioned pullstring cowboy doll ( voiced by Tom Hanks ) , and Buzz Lightyear , an astronaut action figure ( voiced by Tim Allen ) , as they evolve from rivals competing for the affections of Andy , their owner , to friends who work together to be reunited with Andy as his family prepares to move to a new home . The screenplay was written by Joss Whedon , Andrew Stanton , Joel Cohen and Alec Sokolow , based on a story by Lasseter , Pete Docter , Stanton and Joe Ranft . The film features music by Randy Newman , and was executive-produced by Steve Jobs and Edwin Catmull . Pixar , which produced short animated films to promote their computers , was approached by Disney to produce a computer-animated feature after the success of their short film Tin Toy ( 1988 ) , which is told from a small toy 's perspective . Lasseter , Stanton and Docter wrote early story treatments which were thrown out by Disney , as they wanted the film to be edgier . After disastrous story reels , production was halted and the script was re-written , better reflecting the tone and theme Pixar desired : that `` toys deeply want children to play with them , and that this desire drives their hopes , fears , and actions '' . The studio , then consisting of a relatively small number of employees , produced the film under minor financial constraints . Released in theaters on November 22 , 1995 , Toy Story was the highest-grossing film on its opening weekend and earned over $ 373 million worldwide . The film was widely acclaimed by critics , who praised the animation 's technical innovation , the wit and thematic sophistication of the screenplay , and the performances of Hanks and Allen . It is now considered by many critics to be one of the best animated films ever made . The film received three Academy Award nominations , including Best Original Screenplay , Best Original Score , and Best Original Song for `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' , as well as winning a Special Achievement Academy Award . It was inducted into the National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' in 2005 , its first year of eligibility . In addition to home media releases and theatrical re-releases , Toy Story-inspired material has run the gamut from toys , video games , theme park attractions , spin-offs , merchandise , and two sequels -- Toy Story 2 ( 1999 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) -- both of which also garnered massive commercial success and critical acclaim , with a third sequel , Toy Story 4 , slated for a 2019 release .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a6b488482fc1c647517b934e73bcc7d1", "text": "Whisker Haven Whisker Haven Tales with the Palace Pets ( also abbreviated as Whisker Haven Tales or simply Whisker Haven ) is an American animated short series animated and produced by Ghostbot Studios and Disney Publishing , created and developed by Thomas the Tank Engine creator Britt Allcroft . It is based on Disney 's Palace Pets toyline , which in turn , is a spinoff of the Disney Princess Franchise . The series is directed by Alan Lau and written by Shea Fontana . The series launched on the Disney Junior Watch App and then aired on Disney Junior . The animated shorts are now available through the accompanying app , `` Palace Pets in Whisker Haven '' which also includes activities and games featuring the Palace Pets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3784c925aa837a7d67f0ea5fe566b192", "text": "Pixar Play Parade Pixar Play Parade was a parade at Disney California Adventure . The parade features floats and characters based on Disney · Pixar films such as Monsters , Inc. , The Incredibles , and Toy Story . In a first for Disney California Adventure , the floats feature small water jets that shoot water into the crowd of spectators ( this parade effect was first introduced in 1993 for `` Aladdin 's Royal Caravan '' at Disneyland . The music used in the parade is derived from Hong Kong Disneyland 's Mickey 's WaterWorks Parade , both having the same tunes with changes in lyrics . Due to the large construction phase in the park , the parade went on hiatus starting on January 4 , 2011 . It was originally set to return in November , however it did not as construction was still ongoing . During the hiatus , it was replaced by `` Pixar Pals '' , an interactive show that only featured characters from Monsters , Inc. and The Incredibles . Pixar Pals concluded in May 2012 and Pixar Play Parade returned on June 15 , 2012 to coincide with the grand reopening of Disney California Adventure . During the 2016 Disney California Adventure Food & Wine Festival , the parade was put on hiatus and Pixar pals temporarily return to the park with `` The Incredibles '' , but `` The Monsters Inc '' float did not return this time . The parade later returned when the food and wine festival ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96d42ed8ccd874933cefa5514d70630", "text": "National Toy Hall of Fame The National Toy Hall of Fame is an American hall of fame that recognizes the contributions of toys and games that have sustained their popularity for many years . Criteria for induction include : icon status ( the toy is widely recognized , respected , and remembered ) ; longevity ( more than a passing fad ) ; discovery ( fosters learning , creativity , or discovery ) ; and innovation ( profoundly changed play or toy design ) . Established in 1998 under the direction of Ed Sobey , the National Toy Hall of Fame was originally housed at A. C. Gilbert 's Discovery Village in Salem , Oregon , United States , but was moved to the Strong National Museum of Play ( now The Strong ) in Rochester , New York , in 2002 after it outgrew its original home . Sixty-three toys have been enshrined in the National Toy Hall of Fame :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69d5dff6683a5fe51daa0188e62199c0", "text": "Innoventions (Epcot) Innoventions is a museum at Epcot in Walt Disney World , Florida . It focuses on technological advancements and their practical applications in everyday life . Innoventions is a portmanteau of the words `` innovation '' and `` invention '' . Innoventions first opened in 1994 which prominently displayed Sega Genesis , Sega Game Gear , Sega 32X , Sega CD , and Sega Pico games in an arcade style . There were some `` virtual reality '' displays ( which was basically more advanced video games at the time ) . Innoventions in Epcot replaced the original tenant of its two semi-circular buildings , CommuniCore . Epcot 's version is divided into two buildings known as Innoventions East and Innoventions West . In 1999 , Innoventions had a major renovation for the park 's Millennium Celebration , and added the subtitle `` The Road to Tomorrow '' . In 2007-2008 Innoventions underwent another major renovation , dropped the subtitle `` Road to Tomorrow , '' and changed its general aesthetic again while also launching the companion website innoventions.disney.com .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b844bec44aeabc6995140ef255427985", "text": "Warner Bros. Studio Store The Warner Bros. . Studio Store was a chain of retail stores selling Looney Tunes and other merchandise based on Warner Bros. films , similar in style to The Disney Store . They first opened in 1991 . In 1996 , Warner Bros. owner Time Warner merged with Turner Broadcasting , which owned Hanna-Barbera and the pre-1986 MGM library , and merchandise based on Turner properties were added to the product lines . In 2001 , all Warner Bros. . Studio Stores went out of business . In 2006 , Warner Bros. . Consumer Products partnered with PMW Retail and reopened the stores in China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af698f1b85f198b52b94a6334e099da6", "text": "Kid Albums Kid Albums ( formerly known as Top Kid Audio ) is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine which ranks the top selling children 's music albums in the United States . The chart debuted on the issue dated September 9 , 1995 . It originally began as a 15-position chart , but has now been expanded to 25 . Rankings are compiled by point-of-purchase sales obtained by Nielsen Soundscan data and from legal digital downloads from an all music digital retailers . The Kid Albums chart features full-length albums that are geared towards children or teenage audiences . Some of the genres can extend from baby music , like lullabies , to soundtracks for films that are targeted to children of the age 5-9 to pop , teen pop and other subdivisions of it . Studio albums , EPs , compilation albums and soundtracks are also eligible for the chart . The first number-one title on the Top Kid Audio chart was a compilation album from Walt Disney Records titled , Classic Disney , Vol . 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d44167e769effc4acf259f32ad36a4f0", "text": "John Morris (actor) John Charles Morris ( born October 2 , 1984 ) is an American voice actor . He is best known for his role as Andy Davis in the Toy Story film trilogy . When auditioning for the role of Andy , he brought some of his X-Men action figures and made voices for them , the Pixar staff loved it and gave him the part . Morris was brought back on to Toy Story 3 by the request of the director Lee Unkrich . Unkrich described the process by which he went to get Morris on the Toy Story 3 Blu-ray/DVD detailing how he called him to ask him to reprise his role as Andy ( from the original Toy Story ) and after hearing Morris ' voicemail greeting , Unkrich knew immediately that Morris would again be playing Andy . He also has minor fame for voicing `` Pepper '' in the 1997 video game Lego Island . A 2007 graduate from the University of California-Los Angeles School of Theater , Film & Television , he currently resides in Northern California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ce5a89f0dec1c57606255e58859b6bc", "text": "Willy McBean and his Magic Machine Willy McBean and his Magic Machine is a 1965 full-length stop-motion puppet animation film produced by Rankin/Bass Productions in the United States and Dentsu Motion Pictures in Japan . It was distributed by Magna Pictures Distribution Corporation , and released in movie theaters on June 23 , 1965 . Its main theme is time travel . The film was also the first stop-motion animated feature produced in the United States since Hansel and Gretel : An Opera Fantasy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fa144f5dda662a5f87333db37830be4", "text": "Sheriff Woody Sheriff Woody Pride is a fictional character in the Toy Story franchise . He is voiced by Tom Hanks in all of the feature-length and short films and by Jim Hanks in video games and shorts . He is a stuffed cowboy character that leads the other toys in adventures in the movies . His facial features are based on Tone Thyne , an animator for Disney at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47f57b31c1a71a8f286028806197e7fe", "text": "Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians Disney 's Animated Storybook : 101 Dalmatians is the sixth entry in the Disney 's Animated Storybook point-and-click adventure interactive storybook PC game series , based on theatrical and home video releases . This game was based on the Disney franchise of One Hundred and One Dalmatians , which began with the 1961 film of the same name . Like that movie , the plot of the game sees villain and fashionista Cruella de Vil steal a series of dalmatian puppies from married couple Roger and Anita and their pets Pongo and Perdita , who then attempt to rescue them back . The game was developed by Media Station and published by Disney Interactive . It was released on March 18 , 1997 . The game is the only Animated Storybook title based on a Walt Disney Animation Studios film that was made before the Disney Renaissance ( ignoring the two Winnie the Pooh-based titles ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8a75d85a4f1a8662762915dc433393a", "text": "Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress Walt Disney 's Carousel of Progress is an attraction located at the Magic Kingdom park at the Walt Disney World Resort . Created by both Walt Disney and WED Enterprises as the prime feature of the General Electric ( GE ) Pavilion for the 1964 New York World 's Fair , the attraction was moved to Tomorrowland at Disneyland in Anaheim , California as Carousel of Progress , remaining there from 1967 until 1973 . It was replaced in Disneyland by America Sings in 1974 , and reopened in its present home in Walt Disney World Resort 's Magic Kingdom in 1975 . Steeped in both nostalgia and ( In the past ) futurism , the attraction 's premise is an exploration of the joys of living through the advent of electricity and other technological advances during the 20th century via a `` typical '' American family . To keep it up with the times , the attraction has been updated five times ( in 1967 , 1975 , 1981 , 1985 , and 1993 ) and has had two different theme songs , both written by the Sherman Brothers ( Disney 's Academy Award-winning songwriting team ) . Various sources say Walt Disney himself proclaimed that the Carousel of Progress was his favorite attraction and that it should never cease operation . This can be somewhat supported by family and friends , who knew of his constant work on the attraction . Of all the attractions he presented at the 1964 -- 1965 New York World 's Fair , Disney seemed especially devoted to the Carousel of Progress . The Carousel of Progress holds the record as the longest-running stage show , with the most performances , in the history of American theater . It is one of the oldest attractions in the whole Walt Disney World Resort . It is also one of the only attractions at Walt Disney World to have been touched by Walt Disney himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f61088ede95a8a8469584a97f1235362", "text": "Beanie Babies Beanie Babies are a line of stuffed animals , made by Ty Warner Inc. , which was later renamed as Ty Inc. in November 1991 . Each toy is stuffed with plastic pellets ( or `` beans '' ) rather than conventional stuffing ( see PVC and PE ) , giving Beanie Babies a flexible feel . In a rare interview Warner said `` The whole idea was it looked real because it moved . '' During the later half of the 1990s the toy emerged as a major fad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bd95ee377d47b14e614034ea9b73f3", "text": "Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation Tiny Toon Adventures : How I Spent My Vacation is a 1992 American direct-to-video animated comedy film from Warner Bros. . Animation and Amblin Entertainment . Featuring the regular characters from the animated program Tiny Toon Adventures , the film follows them during their summer vacation from school , mainly focused on Babs and Buster going downriver , Plucky and Hamton going to a world-famous amusement park , and Fifi in search of her favorite movie star . Steven Spielberg was the executive producer of the film , which was written by Paul Dini , Nicholas Hollander , Tom Ruegger , and Sherri Stoner . Japanese studio Tokyo Movie Shinsha produced the animation . How I Spent My Vacation was released on VHS and LaserDisc formats on March 11 , 1992 . It was the first animated film to be released direct-to-video in the United States . The film was later aired on television as four separate Tiny Toon Adventures episodes . The film was one of the highest selling videos in the United States , listing on Billboard magazine 's 40 `` Top Video Sales '' for 16 weeks as of July 1992 . Points of praise by critics included the film 's jokes and celebrity caricatures , while points of criticism included the segmented plot . Themes of the film included parodies of pop culture and summer vacations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6af3622f6e927e46fd06972be0940eac", "text": "Toy2R Toy2R ( abbreviation of Toy to Raymond ) is a designer toy company based in Hong Kong that was founded by Prof. Raymond Choy M.H.in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2144185d8a05f6645bbf4cd82420a541", "text": "Ash Brannon Ash Brannon ( born 1969 in Columbus , Georgia ) is an American animator , writer and director . He was a story artist and directing animator on Toy Story and co-director on Toy Story 2 . Besides working at Pixar he has also worked with DreamWorks Animation on Over the Hedge and Sony Pictures Animation on Surf 's Up . Brannon studied visual arts at Douglas Anderson School of the Arts in Jacksonville , Florida for high school and went on to CalArts for further education . Studying in CalArts Character Animation program , Brannon likewise practiced his skills in animation as a trainee for Disney Animation 's 1989 film The Little Mermaid . From 1990-92 . In the meantime , Brannon served as an animator for such projects as Nike 's Hare Jordan Super Bowl ad in 1992 and the television series That 's Warner Bros. ! . He won an Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production and Outstanding Individual Achievement for Writing in an Animated Feature Production on Toy Story 2 . He was also nominated for an Oscar in 2007 on Surf 's Up . According to the Toy Story 2 DVD audio commentary , Al McWhiggin 's license plate `` LZTYBRN , '' is Brannon 's actual license plate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56dd45dd64d8893b21101e84c346b9d8", "text": "Dollhouse A dollhouse or doll 's house is a toy home made in miniature . For the last century , dollhouses have primarily been the domain of children but their collection and crafting is also a hobby for many adults . The term dollhouse is used commonly in the United States and Canada . In the UK ( United Kingdom ) the term dolls ' house or dollshouse is used . Today 's dollhouses trace their history back about four hundred years to the baby house display cases of Europe , which showed idealized interiors . Smaller dollhouses with more realistic exteriors appeared in Europe in the 18th century . Early dollhouses were all handmade , but following the Industrial Revolution and World War II , they were increasingly mass-produced and became more standardized and affordable . Dollhouses can range from simple boxes stacked together used as rooms for play , up to multimillion-dollar structures displayed in museums . Contemporary children 's play dollhouses are mostly in 1:18 ( or 2/3 '' ) scale , while 1:12 ( or 1 '' ) scale is common for dollhouses made for adult collectors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f40af53f9ad0525f42fad0151633b648", "text": "Toy store A toy store , or toy shop , is a retail business specializing in selling toys . No longer held to the limitations of a physical outlet , many toy stores now transact business over the Internet in addition to shops on the street . Many department stores also have toy sections . Among the most widely known toy retailers are Toys `` R '' Us and FAO Schwarz . The flagship store of Hamleys in London is the world 's largest toy shop .", "title": "" } ]	fever
913e15f9ce1dd4bf7a43c0c1dc462742	Monica Seles retired in 2008.	[ { "docid": "dcd8ea0b63ab8c0cb8236bb6c31c7e8e", "text": "Monica Seles Monica Seles ( -LSB- ˈsɛləs -RSB- Szeles Mónika , Моника Селеш , Monika Seleš , -LSB- ˈsɛlɛʃ -RSB- , born December 2 , 1973 ) is a former Yugoslav world no. 1 professional tennis player and a member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame . An ethnic Hungarian , she was born and raised in Novi Sad , SFR Yugoslavia . She became a naturalized American citizen in 1994 and also received Hungarian citizenship in June 2007 . She won nine Grand Slam singles titles , eight of them while a citizen of Yugoslavia and the final as a citizen of the United States of America . In 1990 , Seles became the youngest-ever French Open champion at the age of 16 . She went on to win eight Grand Slam singles titles before her 20th birthday and was the year-end world no. 1 in 1991 and 1992 . However , on April 30 , 1993 , she was the victim of an on-court attack , when a man stabbed her in the back with a 9 in long knife ; Seles did not return to tennis for over two years . Though she enjoyed some success after rejoining the tour in 1995 , including a fourth Australian Open title in 1996 , she was unable to consistently reproduce her best form . She played her last professional match at the 2003 French Open , but did not officially retire until February 2008 . Regarded by many in the sport as one of the greatest tennis players of all time , Seles was named one of the `` 30 Legends of Women 's Tennis : Past , Present and Future '' by Time .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4e36ae5e1f746ed208ea1a6f3b5bc7d7", "text": "2008 U.S. Women's Open Golf Championship The 2008 U.S. Women 's Open Golf Championship was the 63rd U.S. Women 's Open , held June 26 -- 29 at Interlachen Country Club in Edina , Minnesota , a suburb southwest of Minneapolis . It was the first U.S. Women 's Open played at the course , which hosted the Solheim Cup in 2002 . The winner was 19-year-old Inbee Park , four strokes ahead of runner-up Helen Alfredsson . The tournament was televised by ESPN and NBC Sports . The course hosted the U.S. Open in 1930 , part of the grand slam of Bobby Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e310c08c9272d5d0b1c91f34dbc62dc", "text": "Colorado Amendment 58 Amendment 58 was a proposed initiative on the Colorado ballot of 2008 regarding Colorado 's severance tax . It was turned down by 57.9 % of the voters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b93cda97198ae0e2cdcb9496cab52c29", "text": "Self Employed Women's Association Self-Employed Women 's Association ( SEWA ) , meaning `` service '' in several Indian languages , is a trade union based in Ahmedabad , India that promotes the rights of low-income , independently-employed female workers . With over 2 million participating women , SEWA is the largest organization of informal workers in the world and largest non-profit in India ( Chen et . al. 2015 ) . Self-employed women are defined as those who do not receive a salary like that of formally-employed workers and therefore have a more precarious income and life . SEWA is framed around the goal of full employment in which a women secures for her family : income , food , health care , child care , and shelter . The principles behind accomplishing these goals are struggle and development , meaning negotiating with stakeholders and providing services , respectively . SEWA was founded in 1972 by Gandhian and civil rights leader Ela Bhatt as a branch of Textile Labour Association ( TLA ) , a labour union founded by Gandhi in 1918 . The organization grew very quickly , with 30,000 members in 1996 , to 318,527 in 2000 , to 1,919,676 in 2013 . Contemporaneous with this uptick in members is a change in India 's economy and society . Liberalizing the economy to foreign trade in 1991 caused a huge migration of rural inhabitants to Indian cities that then forced urban dwellers into informal occupations . Since the financial crisis of 2008 , over 90 % of India 's working population is in the informal sector ( Shakuntala 2015 ) ; yet 94 % of working women in 2009 worked in the informal sector ( Bhatt 2009 ) . India 's history and modern culture of female subjugation also contributes to this disparity because traditional gender roles exclude women from regular , secure forms of labour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99b399cc638cee43484238fdd8a4ff6d", "text": "Monica Rutherford Monica Kathleen Rutherford ( born 29 March 1944 ) is a retired artistic gymnast from England . She competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in all artistic gymnastics events with the best ranking of 59th on the vault . After marrying Brian Phelps , an Olympic diver , she changed her last name to Phelps . Following her career as a gymnast , Rutherford successfully coached for many years at the OLGA club in Poole , Dorset . She has since retired and , now resides in France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22cf618f156cf38da197f436c2a4ad99", "text": "Paola Suárez Paola Suárez ( born 23 June 1976 ) is a retired professional tennis player from Argentina . She was one of the most prominent women 's doubles players throughout the early and mid-2000s , winning eight Grand Slam titles , all of them with Virginia Ruano Pascual , and holding the No. 1 doubles ranking for 87 non-consecutive weeks . She was also a singles semifinalist at the 2004 French Open .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b2c40692436e546306846747fcd36f", "text": "2008 Pilot Pen Tennis The 2008 Pilot Pen Tennis was a combined men 's and women 's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 40th edition of the Pilot Pen Tennis , and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour , and of the Tier II Series of the 2008 WTA Tour . It took place at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven , United States , from August 15 through August 23 , 2008 . The men 's field was headlined by ATP No. 13 , Nottingham runner-up and Umag champion Fernando Verdasco , Cincinnati Masters semifinalist and Nottingham titlist Ivo Karlović , and winner of back-to-back titles in Stuttgart , Kitzbühel , Los Angeles and Washington Juan Martín del Potro . Other top seeds are Gstaad and Umag finalist Igor Andreev , Viña del Mar and Pörtschach runner-up Juan Mónaco , Marin Čilić , Andreas Seppi and Mardy Fish . The women 's draw was led by WTA No. 10 , Rome Tier I semifinalist and Paris champion Anna Chakvetadze , Australian Open semifinalist and Indian Wells Tier I quarterfinalist Daniela Hantuchová , and Paris , Eastbourne and Montreal semifinalist , Standford finalist Marion Bartoli . Also competing are Paris finalist Ágnes Szávay , Bangalore runner-up Patty Schnyder , Flavia Pennetta , Alizé Cornet and Dominika Cibulková .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "006173153758254672974532ab70623b", "text": "Silvia Süller Silvia del Carmen Süller ( born 10 February 1958 ) is an Argentine media and television personality , bombshell , occasional singer and ex glamour model . She 's the elder sister of television personality Guido Süller and ex soccer player Marcelo Süller , they both also well known in Argentina . Her first appearance on Argentine TV was on 30 March 1986 , in Silvio Soldán 's show Grandes Valores del Tango . She fell in love with the TV host and married him a few months later , having a baby , Christian Silvio , in 1991 . In 1987 , she had her first cosmetic surgery , a breast implant , which would help her in her future showgirl career . When she and Soldán split up in 1992 , she started her high-profile career , working as a showgirl in many theater shows with Argentine comedians such as Jorge Corona , Beto César , José Luis Gioia , Carlos Sánchez and Tristán , among others , throughout the 1990s and the early 2000s ( decade ) . She had a very successful showgirl career , though she defines herself as a `` show-woman '' . In 1997 she recorded a music album called Sullermanía . In 2007 , she took part in Bailando por un sueño ( literally `` Dancing for a dream '' ) a TV show very similar to Dancing with the Stars , being the first eliminated . Her life has been largely exposed in the media and the tabloids , so that the public could see her involved in a lot of scandals , including her ex-husband , ex mother-in-law , her parents , her brothers , her sister Norma and national celebrities such as Moria Casán o Jorge Rial . She has stated several times that she is a personal admirer of American star Marilyn Monroe ( she named her daughter after Monroe ) and Susana Giménez . On April 8 , 2011 , Süller was compared to British celebrity Katie Price in The Sun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84efcff80de15e59773a9ae9467c1a30", "text": "Simona Dobrá Simona Dobrá ( born 24 June 1987 ) is a retired Czech tennis player . Dobrá won two singles and 21 doubles titles on the ITF tour in her career . On 15 September 2008 , she reached her best singles ranking of world number 514 . On 8 June 2009 , she peaked at world number 241 in the doubles rankings . In June 2008 , partnering Tereza Hladíková , Dobrá won the $ 75,000 ITF tournament in Zlín , defeating Lucie Hradecká and Renata Voráčová in the final . Dobrá retired from tennis 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d60e86e0eae8d4e3f628b4a86b28b7c", "text": "Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy On December 7 , 2006 , the George W. Bush administration 's Department of Justice ordered the unprecedented midterm dismissal of seven United States Attorneys . Congressional investigations focused on whether the Department of Justice and the White House were using the U.S. Attorney positions for political advantage . Allegations were that some of the attorneys were targeted for dismissal to impede investigations of Republican politicians or that some were targeted for their failure to initiate investigations that would damage Democratic politicians or hamper Democratic-leaning voters . The U.S. attorneys were replaced with interim appointees , under provisions in the 2005 USA PATRIOT Act reauthorization . A subsequent report by the Justice Department Inspector General in October 2008 found that the process used to fire the first seven attorneys and two others dismissed around the same time was `` arbitrary '' , `` fundamentally flawed '' , and `` raised doubts about the integrity of Department prosecution decisions '' . In July 2010 , the Department of Justice prosecutors closed the two-year investigation without filing charges after determining that the firing was inappropriately political , but not criminal , saying `` Evidence did not demonstrate that any prosecutable criminal offense was committed with regard to the removal of David Iglesias . The investigative team also determined that the evidence did not warrant expanding the scope of the investigation beyond the removal of Iglesias . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31df731805e1a15d7de2b56cd0b74d98", "text": "Denisse López Denisse López Sing ( born December 8 , 1976 , Mexicali , Baja California ) is a retired Mexican gymnast . She was the first gymnast from Mexico ever to qualify for an event final at the World Gymnastics Championships and the Olympic Games . Lopez began gymnastics at the age of seven in 1984 . By 1987 , she was competing in international meets as a junior , including the 1987 Puerto Rico Cup , where she won a bronze medal on the floor exercise . In 1990 , Lopez nearly swept the Mexican national championships , placing second in the all-around and winning the titles on the balance beam , floor exercise and vault . She represented Mexico at the 1991 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships , but placed well out of the medals on every event . Although Mexico did not qualify a full team for the 1992 Olympics , Lopez was able to compete as an individual . In the preliminary round of competition , she finished 80th in the all-around . Following a five year hiatus from the sport , Lopez made a highly successful return to competition in 1997 , winning the all-around and vault titles at the '97 Pan American Championships . Over the next three years she would become known as a vault specialist , winning gold medals on the event at the 1997 World University Games , the 1999 Gymnix International , the 2000 Pacific Alliance Championships , the 2000 Cottbus Cup and the Copa Gimnastica . Even when she did not medal , she never finished lower than sixth on vault in any competition she entered . At the 1999 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Tianjin , Lopez placed 50th in the all-around during the preliminary competition ; however , she was also ranked third on the vault , qualifying for the event finals . Her eventual sixth-place finish was the highest ever for a Mexican gymnast in a major international competition , and still stands as a record today . Lopez attended her second Olympics in 2000 in Sydney . She competed only on vault , qualifying for the event finals and finishing in eighth place ( she later moved up to seventh after Dong Fangxiao of China was disqualified for being underage ) . Lopez competed in a few meets in 2001 , including the Cottbus Cup and the French Telecom International , but was beset by injuries . She retired and , in 2002 , graduated from University with a degree in psychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18e67f79d25620c7d7ec7f0a5769b1da", "text": "Mark Foley scandal The Mark Foley scandal , which broke in late September 2006 , centers on soliciting e-mails and sexually suggestive instant messages sent by Mark Foley , a Republican Congressman from Florida , to teenaged boys who had formerly served as congressional pages . Investigation was closed by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement ( FDLE ) on September 19 , 2008 citing insufficient evidence to pursue criminal charges as both `` Congress and Mr. Foley denied us access to critical data '' , said FDLE Commissioner Gerald Bailey . The scandal grew to encompass the response of Republican congressional leaders to previous complaints about Foley 's contacts with the pages and inconsistencies in the leaders ' public statements . There were also allegations that a second Republican Congressman , Jim Kolbe , had improper conduct with at least two youths , a 16-year-old page and a recently graduated page . The scandal led to Foley 's resignation from Congress on September 29 , 2006 . In some quarters , the scandal is believed to have contributed to the Republican Party 's loss of control over Congress in the November 7 , 2006 election , as well as the end of House Speaker Dennis Hastert 's leadership of the House Republicans . Kirk Fordham , chief of staff to Rep. Tom Reynolds and former chief of staff for Foley , also resigned as a result of the scandal . Newsweek 's June 7 , 2010 , issue 's BACK STORY listed Foley , among others , as a prominent conservative politician who had a record of anti-gay legislation and was later caught in a gay sex scandal . The questionable conversations , which took place between 1995 and 2005 , were investigated by the FBI for possible criminal violations . In September 2008 , Florida officials investigating Foley decided not to charge him , citing a lack of evidence and the expiration of the statute of limitations . The House Ethics Committee investigated the response of the House Republican leadership and their staff to earlier warnings about Foley 's conduct . In early October 2006 , two news organizations anonymously quoted former pages who said that they had sexual liaisons with Foley after turning 18 and 21 . Foley was chairman of the House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children , which introduced legislation targeting sexual predators and created stricter guidelines for tracking them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c87e3e9747e15d0d4d85e9095a083f16", "text": "1992 US Open – Women's Singles Monica Seles was the defending champion , and she successfully defended her title without losing a set , defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 3 . By reaching the final , Monica became the sixth woman , after Maureen Connolly , Margaret Court , Chris Evert , Martina Navratilova , Steffi Graf , to reach all four Grand Slam finals in a calendar year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7228f95a1b9b80d795a63cc6119cd2be", "text": "Clarisa Fernández Clarisa Fernández ( born 28 August 1981 ) is a retired Argentine tennis player who is best known for her semi-final appearance at the 2002 French Open , the first Argentine since Sabatini in 1992 to reach that stage . Fernández was ranked 87th in the world at the time of her shocking result . She defeated , in order : ( Q ) Lubomira Bacheva , Jelena Kostanić , Kim Clijsters , ( 13 ) Elena Dementieva , Paola Suárez , before losing to second-seeded Venus Williams in straight sets . . Fernández is a crafty left-handed player . She turned professional in 1998 , and did not have much success before her appearance at the French Open . She has six ITF titles to her name , including one in 2006 . Since 2003 , Fernández has been plagued with injuries . She has suffered from tendinitis in her left shoulder , an injury to her left wrist , and to her right knee . Fernández enjoys playing on hard and grass courts . She was coached by Leonardo Lerda . Her tennis inspirations are Pete Sampras and Martina Navratilova . In April 2008 , Fernández announced her retirement from professional tennis after a lengthy battle with knee injuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38bcbaf1b9edd28f723226e243be16bd", "text": "Bud Selig Allan Huber `` Bud '' Selig ( -LSB- ˈsiːlᵻɡ -RSB- born July 30 , 1934 ) is an American baseball executive who currently serves as the Commissioner Emeritus of Baseball . Previously , he served as the ninth Commissioner of Baseball . He initially served as the acting commissioner beginning in 1992 before being named the official commissioner in 1998 . Selig oversaw baseball through the 1994 strike , the introduction of the wild card , interleague play , and the merging of the National and American Leagues under the Office of the Commissioner . He was instrumental in organizing the World Baseball Classic in 2006 . Selig also introduced revenue sharing . He is credited for the financial turnaround of baseball during his tenure with a 400 percent increase in the revenue of MLB and annual record breaking attendance . Selig enjoys a high level of support from baseball owners . Jerome Holtzman , MLB 's official historian from 1999 until his death in 2008 , believed Selig to be the best commissioner in baseball history . During Selig 's term of service , the use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs became a public issue . The Mitchell Report , commissioned by Selig , concluded that the MLB commissioners , club officials , the Players Association , and the players all share `` to some extent in the responsibility for the steroid era . '' Following the release of the Mitchell Report , Congressman Cliff Stearns called publicly for Selig to step down as commissioner , citing his `` glacial response '' to the `` growing stain on baseball . '' Selig has pledged on numerous occasions to rid baseball of performance-enhancing drugs , and has overseen and instituted many rule changes and penalties to that end . Selig was previously the team owner and team president of the Milwaukee Brewers . As a Milwaukee native , he is credited for keeping baseball in Milwaukee . In 1970 , he purchased the Seattle Pilots in bankruptcy court and renamed them the Milwaukee Brewers after the minor league team of the same name he had watched in his youth , which existed until the arrival of the Braves in Milwaukee in 1953 . The Brewers went to the 1982 World Series and won seven organization of the year awards during his tenure . Selig remains a resident of Milwaukee . On January 17 , 2008 , Selig 's contract was extended through 2012 , after which he planned to retire , but he then decided to stay as commissioner until the end of the 2014 season , a move approved by the owners on January 12 , 2012 , which would take his leadership past his 80th birthday . Selig made $ 14.5 million in the 12-month period ending October 31 , 2005 . Selig announced on September 26 , 2013 , that he would retire in January 2015 . On January 22 , 2015 , MLB announced that Selig would formally step down from the office when his current term expired on January 24 , 2015 . On December 4 , 2016 it was announced Selig was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "785dc81010af8bcc9a9866b1609455cc", "text": "Mónica Rosa Mónica Rosa ( born 5 May 1978 in Torres Vedras ) is a Portuguese runner who specializes in the longer track distances as well as cross-country running and half marathon . At the 2001 World Championships in Athletics she ran for Portugal in the 5000 metres but did not make the final . She was the 2002 winner of the Cross Internacional de Itálica . She suffered a serious injury in early 2006 and her future as an elite performer seemed in doubt . However , she came back strongly and won the 2007 Oeiras International Cross Country , beating reigning Portuguese champion Jessica Augusto to the finish line . She and Augusto led the Portuguese women to the team bronze medal at the 2007 European Cross Country Championships later that year . She made her debut over the marathon at the 2010 Paris Marathon and completed the race in a time of 2:37:09 . She represented Portugal in the event at the 2010 European Athletics Championships , but did not manage to finish the race . Rosa returned to cross country and won at the Cross de la Constitución in December .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d09d623e6975aae82ac8aae69a2667c", "text": "2008 State of the Union Address The 2008 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on January 28 , 2008 , at 9:00 p.m. EST to a joint session of Congress . It was the last State of the Union Address of Bush 's presidency . The speech was delivered in the United States House of Representatives in the United States Capitol . Sitting behind the president were the presiding officers of the United States Senate , Vice President Dick Cheney , and the United States House of Representatives , House Speaker Nancy Pelosi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ae29398064b712abdc06a5980dac3d", "text": "Robert Magnus Robert Magnus ( born April 28 , 1947 ) , is a retired United States Marine Corps general who served as the 30th Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps from September 8 , 2005 to July 2 , 2008 . He retired from active duty on July 17 , 2008 after 38 years of total service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f16279ae6f24269170cde05ff1260e91", "text": "Síle de Valera Síle de Valera ( -LSB- ˈʃiːlʲə ˌdɛvəˈlɛrə -RSB- ) ( born 17 December 1954 ) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician . She was first elected a Teachta Dála ( TD ) in 1977 serving as a member of Dáil Éireann until 1981 , and then again from 1987 to 2007 , as well as being a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) for Dublin from 1979 to 1984 . She served as Minister for Arts , Heritage , Gaeltacht and the Islands from 1997 to 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef58f168b56ce579eb5ff54c781a715a", "text": "Diana Franco Diana Franco was born in Cali , Colombia and in 1982 moved to New York City , where she lived and studied . In 1988 , in a nationwide televised competition , Franco was crowned Miss Colombia USA . Franco became a TV commercial and editorial model and in December 1990 appeared on her first cover of Cosmopolitan en Español . In Peru , La Modelo Latina Pageant 1991 awarded her La Silueta Diet-Coke title . In 1992 , Franco was approached to participate in Buscando Estrellas Con Budweiser , the Spanish-version of Star Search , where - once again -- won first place . Later that same year , Cover Girl Make-Up chose her to be one of the faces for their TV campaigns for the Hispanic market alongside of Barbara Palacios ( Miss Universe 1986 ) . After traveling and working around the world , including places such as Taipei , Istanbul and Hong Kong , Franco decided to stay in the U.S. to pursue her acting career in her native language.In 1992 Salvese Quien Pueda ( SQP ) , a weekly comedy show that aired on the Telemundo Network made her part of their regular cast . In SQP she developed and often played Vicky Bikini , a girl who always did her errands wearing only a bikini , high hills and a handbag so she would never have to make a line . Vicky Bikini soon became one of the shows most requested characters . In 1995 , Univision Network hired Franco as the female VJ for Caliente , one of its most widely seen weekend TV shows . Caliente gave Franco the opportunity to interact with her young Latino audience while traveling to exotic beaches around the world . Two years later , Franco was asked to be part of Edición Especial ( Telemundo Network ) , which earned her the anchor star status in the Spanish market . She was also in charged of hosting most of Telemundo 's specials for the network . In 1998 she landed the role of Sylvia La Rosen in Safe Harbor ( Aaron Spelling ) which aired in WB Network . Glamour en Español magazine recognized her with the Most Glamorous Woman Award 1998 and in 1999 People en Español places Franco as one of the `` 25 Most Beautiful People '' along with faces such as Salma Hayek and Ricky Martin . In 2002 , Franco traveled back to her native Colombia to portray Sandra , a cocaine manufacturer in the soap opera El Precio del Silencio ( Telefutura Network ) . In October 2006 , Franco had the opportunity to be part of the very-selected cast of the short film : Marrying God ( AFI ) where she played Maricela , the single mother of Lola played by Ashlyn Sanchez ( Crash ) and Ivy played by Alexa Vega ( Spy Kids ) . Franco has also developed the `` Life Style Specialist '' title , and is often featured in US Spanish TV station across the nation . In Pecados Ajenos , a Telemundo Studios production , Franco played Lola , the cellmate of Natalia - played by Lorena Rojas - and later , Oficial Joyer , in El Rostro de Analía alongside of Elizabeth Gutiérrez . At the end of 2009 , Franco was called to play Berta , a lonely bitter architect designer in the new version of Perro Amor , but due to a skiing accident , where she suffered several fractures , her role was eventually withdrawn . It took her several months to recuperate from her injuries . In 2010 , Franco became part of the selected cast of the new version of the Chilean soap opera , Alguien Te Mira ( 2010 ) , produced this time by Telemundo Television Studios in the USA . Franco portrays Dolores `` Lola '' Morandé , a housewife that has everything under control , except a couple of pounds of over weight , until she meets a very troubled woman that is determined to make her life miserable and hopes one day to take her place as the wife of her perfect husband .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6550c75b612de5aa860f376e061727a", "text": "Premio Lo Nuestro 2003 Premio Lo Nuestro 2003 was the 15th anniversary of the awards . the show was hosted by Mexican presenters Marco Antonio Regil and Adal Ramones . Juanes , Thalía , Marc Anthony , Pilar Montenegro , Sin Bandera , Banda el Recodo and other Latin music greats gave electrifying performances . In the show , there was 36 awards winners with 135 nominations . In Pop genre , Awards was given for : Album of the Year , Best Male Artist , Best Female Artist , Best Group or duo , Best New Artist and Song of the Year . In Rock Genre : Best Rock Album and Best rock Performer of the Year . In Tropical genre : Best Tropical Album of the Year , Best Tropical Male Artist , Best Tropical Female Artist , Best Tropical Group or Duo of the Year , Best Tropical New Artist , Tropical Song of the Year , Best Merengue Performance , Best Salsa Performance and Best Traditional Performance . Juanes was the biggest winner of night , took home four awards Best Pop Male Artist , Best Music Video , Best Rock Performance , and Pop Song of the Year . In the Regional Mexican , Pilar Montenegro took three awards for Regional Mexican Song of the Year , Pop Song of the Year ( `` Quitame Ese Hombre '' ) , and for Best Regional Mexican Female Artist . In the tropical genre , Celia Cruz took home with four great awards of the night for Best Salsa Performance , Best Tropical Female Artist , Best Tropical Song of the year and Tropical Album of the Year . At the night , the greatest performance was a medley of top Latin hits from the last 15 years , performed by the artists that made them famous , including Vikki Carr , Son by Four , Los Ilegales , La Mafia , Luis Enrique , Wilfrido Vargas and Olga Tañón . There was a great tribute to Celia Cruz by the world-famous salsa group `` Fania All-Stars '' , of which Cruz was a member during the 1970s , reunited for an exclusive performance that rocked the house .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4dd655ccbbcda3a361490b960fa10910	Haitian Creole is the only book.	[ { "docid": "407c293dc0df90935dc968c74a323b44", "text": "Haitian Creole Haitian Creole ( -LSB- ˈheɪʃən_ˈkriːoʊl -RSB- -LSB- kreyòl ayisyen , links = no -RSB- , -LSB- kɣejɔl -RSB- ; créole haïtien ) is a French-based creole language spoken by 9.6 -- 12million people worldwide , and the only language of most Haitians . It is a creole language based largely on 18th century French with influences from Portuguese , Spanish , English , Taíno , and West African languages . Haitian Creole emerged from contact between French settlers and African slaves during the Atlantic slave trade in the French colony of Saint-Domingue ( now Haiti ) . Haitians are the largest creole-speaking community in the world . The usage and education in Haitian Creole -- which is not mutually intelligible with French -- has been contentious since at least the 19thcentury : where Haitians saw French as a sign of colonialism , Creole was maligned by francophone elites as a miseducated or poor person 's French . Until the late 20thcentury , Haitian presidents spoke only French to their fellow citizens , and until the 2000s , all instruction at Haitian elementary schools was in French , a foreign language to most of the students .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "74c6ccd2f7c123b4b3120369624df4d6", "text": "Bocas del Toro Creole Bocas del Toro Patois , or Panamanian Patois English , is a dialect of Jamaican Patois spoken in Bocas del Toro Province , Panama . Bocas del Toro Patois is a dialect of Jamaican Patois similar to Central American varieties such as Limón Coastal Patois . It does not have the status of an official language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28667d9f676c444b23a7856068f8b0b5", "text": "Loa Loa ( also spelled lwa ) are the spirits of Haitian Vodou and Louisiana Voodoo . They are also referred to as `` mystères '' and `` the invisibles '' and are intermediaries between Bondye ( French : Bon Dieu , meaning `` good God '' ) -- the Supreme Creator , who is distant from the world -- and humanity . Unlike saints or angels , however , they are not simply prayed to , they are served . They are each distinct beings with their own personal likes and dislikes , distinct sacred rhythms , songs , dances , ritual symbols , and special modes of service . Contrary to popular belief , the loa are not deities in and of themselves ; they are intermediaries for , and dependent on , a distant Bondye .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24c74b6244e6a6a9ff45a34f7227d335", "text": "Jamaican Americans Jamaican Americans are Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry . The largest proportion of Jamaicans live in New York City , which has various other Caribbean cultural elements such as food and music . There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Philadelphia , Boston , South Florida , Tampa , Los Angeles , Orlando , Baltimore , Washington , D.C. , Atlanta , Cleveland , Western New York , Connecticut , and New Jersey . After 1838 , European colonies in the Caribbean with expanding sugar industries imported large numbers of immigrants to meet their acute labor shortage . Large numbers of Jamaicans were recruited to work in Panama and Costa Rica in the 1850s . After slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 , American planters imported temporary workers , called `` swallow migrants '' , to harvest crops on an annual basis . These workers , many of them Jamaicans , returned to their countries after harvest . Between 1881 and the beginning of World War I , the United States recruited over 250,000 workers from the Caribbean , 90,000 of whom were Jamaicans , to work on the Panama Canal . During both world wars , the United States again recruited Jamaican men for service on various American bases in the region . The vast majority of Jamaican American are of black Afro-Caribbean descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd43d30f73f1f1e2caae0ce42d996a02", "text": "Barrel children Barrel children are children who are abandoned or `` left behind '' by their parents who are seeking a better life abroad . Dr. Claudette Crawford-Brown , the University of the West Indies academic who first described the phenomenon of barrel children , defines `` barrel children '' as those children who , while waiting in the Caribbean to migrate to their parents in the metropoles of North America and the United Kingdom , receive material resources in the form of food and clothing in lieu of direct care . Dr. Crawford-Brown , in her publication Who will save our children : The plight of the Jamaican child in the nineties , showed that these children have surrogate parents who are often unable to give them the emotional support and nurturance that they need , most of these children may be instead raised by grandparents or close relatives . The impact on these children of this type of neglect includes a range of emotional and behavioural problems including run-away behaviour , withdrawal , depression , and , in some cases , acting-out behaviour . The Trinidad and Tobago News said that for `` barrel children the psychological scars have been great and have been troubling factors unto the second , third and fourth generations . '' The Wellcome Trust discussed barrel children in an article focusing on violence in the Caribbean while it was the title and subject of a short film by Cara Elmslie Weir about a Trinidadian family split by migration , the parents `` sending barrels full of material goods '' from the U.S.A. to their children in Trinidad . UNICEF in Jamaica agreed that `` Migration of parents who seek more lucrative employment abroad has had a negative impact on Jamaican children . Some children are left in the care of strangers , neighbours or even older siblings who are still children . These so-called `` barrel children '' are left without parental guidance or adult supervision and with access to significant material resources in the form of cash remittances and barrels of clothing and toys sent by absentee parents . '' It has also been discussed in Caribbean Studies Journals , conferences on the Caribbean , the Trinidad Guardian and Trinidad Newsday . Discussing absent parents The Trinidad Guardian noted that `` At holiday time , they ship their barrels of love , disguised as brand-name sneakers and clothing , believing that these would make their children happy and make up for them being not around . But the fact remains that children are deprived of the real love of their parents . '' An article published in Newsweek by Brook Larmar entitled the `` Barrel Children '' dramatised the problem in its effects on one particular family . `` The cardboard barrel has been sitting empty in Marsha Flowers 's backyard for more than a month now , but the Jamaican teenager hangs onto it as though it were a sacred totem . And in a way , it is . Five years after her mother immigrated to the United States , leaving Marsha and two sisters to fend for themselves in a Kingston slum , the barrel is one of the few tangible signs of her mother 's love - and of her own frustrated desires . '' Blogs also exist highlighting the experiences of barrel children . Memories of a Caribbean Barrel Child was created by Dr. Anthony Salandy ( a native of Trinidad and Tobago ) to shed light of the experiences and outcomes associated with being a barrel child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef793e492309a4d59a576db45ee3c44b", "text": "Trinidadian English Trinidadian English ( TE ) or Trinidad and Tobago Standard English is a dialect of English used in Trinidad and Tobago . TE co-exists with both non-standard varieties of English as well as other dialects , namely Trinidadian Creole in Trinidad and Tobagonian Creole in Tobago . Both islands as one consider the dialect as Trinbagonian Creole . Trinidadian English was originally based on a standard of British English . Located in the Americas , TE now uses many Americanisms , including apartment and trunk ( of a car ) . It is understandable by speakers of international standard English , although it uses a number of terms that are unique to it ( perhaps coming from Trinidadian Creole ) , such as `` to lime '' , meaning `` to hang out '' . Speech in Trinidad ( and , to some degree , in Tobago ) may vary by location and circumstance and is often remarked for its `` sing-song '' ( i.e. a rising and falling inflection ) intonation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e751cad55a4e430782e75664c0b83b5", "text": "Governor General's Award for French-language fiction The Governor General 's Award for French-language fiction is a Canadian literary award that annually recognizes one Canadian writer for a fiction book written in French . It is one of fourteen Governor General 's Awards for Literary Merit , seven each for creators of English - and French-language books . The Governor General 's Awards program is administered by the Canada Council for the Arts . The program was created and inaugurated in 1937 , for 1936 publications in two categories , conventionally called the 1936 awards . French-language works were first recognized by the 1959 Governor General 's Awards . The winners alone were announced until 1979 , when Canada Council released in advance a shortlist of three nominees . Since then , the advance shortlist has numbered three to six ; from 2002 , always five .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e32603fb4cf0e42f1b3fa52193b38d6a", "text": "Oh Canada! Oh Quebec! Oh Canada ! Oh Quebec ! Requiem for a Divided Country is a book by Canadian novelist Mordecai Richler . Published in 1992 , it parodied the evolution of language policy in Quebec , and spoofed the Canadian province of Quebec 's language laws that restrict the use of the English language . The book , a best-seller , grew out of a long article published in a September 1991 issue of The New Yorker . According to the book cover : With a sure satirical eye , Richler takes a look at what he calls `` the western world 's goofiest and most unnecessary political crisis . English-speaking Quebecers endure Draconian language laws prohibiting English or bilingual signs in Montreal because they are seen as an affront to the city 's visage linguistique .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ca477ba907cd572a95c4e2147d42cb4", "text": "Ancient Egyptian literature Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt 's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination . It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature . Along with Sumerian literature , it is considered the world 's earliest literature . Writing in ancient Egypt -- both hieroglyphic and hieratic -- first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt . By the Old Kingdom ( 26th century BC to 22nd century BC ) , literary works included funerary texts , epistles and letters , hymns and poems , and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials . It was not until the early Middle Kingdom ( 21st century BC to 17th century BC ) that a narrative Egyptian literature was created . This was a `` media revolution '' which , according to Richard B. Parkinson , was the result of the rise of an intellectual class of scribes , new cultural sensibilities about individuality , unprecedented levels of literacy , and mainstream access to written materials . However , it is possible that the overall literacy rate was less than one percent of the entire population . The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise , monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the ruling pharaoh . However , there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancient Egyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts . Middle Egyptian , the spoken language of the Middle Kingdom , became a classical language during the New Kingdom ( 16th century BC to 11th century BC ) , when the vernacular language known as Late Egyptian first appeared in writing . Scribes of the New Kingdom canonized and copied many literary texts written in Middle Egyptian , which remained the language used for oral readings of sacred hieroglyphic texts . Some genres of Middle Kingdom literature , such as `` teachings '' and fictional tales , remained popular in the New Kingdom , although the genre of prophetic texts was not revived until the Ptolemaic period ( 4th century BC to 1st century BC ) . Popular tales included the Story of Sinuhe and The Eloquent Peasant , while important teaching texts include the Instructions of Amenemhat and The Loyalist Teaching . By the New Kingdom period , the writing of commemorative graffiti on sacred temple and tomb walls flourished as a unique genre of literature , yet it employed formulaic phrases similar to other genres . The acknowledgment of rightful authorship remained important only in a few genres , while texts of the `` teaching '' genre were pseudonymous and falsely attributed to prominent historical figures . Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media . This includes papyrus scrolls and packets , limestone or ceramic ostraca , wooden writing boards , monumental stone edifices and coffins . Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material . The area of the floodplain of the Nile is under-represented because the moist environment is unsuitable for the preservation of papyri and ink inscriptions . On the other hand , hidden caches of literature , buried for thousands of years , have been discovered in settlements on the dry desert margins of Egyptian civilization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18c8ed311b4e08c1dbde784be615dbee", "text": "Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness . In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained : `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' . When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers . There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere . Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues . What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . '' Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad . The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana . The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance . The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7623a474b7b8a3c0b4c7522ecb207717", "text": "Pan Hai-tian Pan Haitian is a Chinese science fiction author . He was born in 1975 and is part of the `` third generation '' of Chinese sci-fi writers . His books include Run , Dajiao , Run about a boy in search of medicine and City of Clones which deals with human nature . Lauren Hilgers of Wired called him `` one of China 's most thoughtful - and cynically funny - sci-fi writers . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f78248733be40a1ca2a0a3ab63d50afa", "text": "Language on Vacation Language on Vacation : An Olio of Orthographical Oddities is a 1965 book written by Dmitri Borgmann .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db1f75c4789294bbf6537c0ded2fc845", "text": "Histoire des Miao Histoire des Miao ( `` History of the Miao '' ) is a 1924 ethnographic book of the Hmong people by François Marie Savina , published by the Société des Missions-Etrangères de Paris . As of 2006 , of Savina 's writings , it is the most well-known and the most often cited . The book includes Savina 's theories and views of the Hmong . Savina argued that the Hmong had non-Asian origins because their legends had similarities to European stories . Jean Michaud , author of Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif , described the book as `` highly original yet controversial work of applied ethnography and largely conjectural history '' . Mark Pfeifer of the Hmong Cultural and Resource Center wrote that the book is `` Not supported by any available empirical evidence , not given credence by contemporary scholars '' . A statement Michaud , in a biography of Savina included to his ` Incidental ' Ethnographers . French Catholic Missions on the Tonkin-Yunnan Frontier , 1880-1930 , contributes to refine by showing the staggering extent of Savina 's field experience and proficiency in several vernacular languages , including Hmong/Miao . Analyzing critically Histoire des Miao ( pp. 186 -- 203 ) , Michaud shows that it is not so much Savina 's ethnography that is lacking , but his critical sense as visible in unwarranted historical assumptions rendered partial by his Catholic faith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4082bdfb9f5ef5757fbb08ff9a6ee94", "text": "Barzakh Editions Barzakh Editions is an independent publishing house in Algeria . It publishes work of a new generation of Algerian writers . Barzakh within islam is the period between someone 's death and his resurrection at the Last Judgment and the stay in the akhirah afterwards . Barzakh was founded by Selma Hellal and Sofiane Hadjadj in the year of 2000 , during the last years of the Algerian Civil War . In these years the conflicts in the country were greatly isolated form the world outside . According to the jury of the Prince Claus Awards in 2010 , the foundation of this publishing house was elemental for opening the door again between Algeria and the rest of the world . Initially it had been the purpose to publish work of writers of Algerian soil only . Hellal and Hadjadj noticed though , that the civil war had caused that a great number of writers had fled abroad . For this reason the focus changed to publish work of authors that lived in exile as well as giving a chance to authors who otherwise probably would n't have had a chance . An important mainspring for the founders was the passion for books and the trust that freedom of thought and of expression are essential for development . Up to 2010 the house had published more than 110 books , varying mainly between novels and poetry . Furthermore , books have been published in areas like philosophy , photography , drama , politics , art , and more . As from the start the house has been dependent from mainly European sponsors , because the circumstances and the nature of the publications caused that the publisher was n't viable on itself . For instance the French embassy in Algiers had mercy on the cost for establishing copyrights for the books . Furthermore , the Swiss government and a number of funds offered financial support to the publisher . In 2010 Barzakh Editions was honored with the Principal Prince Claus Award from the Netherlands . The jury praised it among other things for '' giving concrete form to Algeria 's voices , for opening up a much needed space for critical reflection on Algerian realities , for building a bridge connecting different languages and cultures , and for creatively breaking through the threatening cultural isolation of the country . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "465fcba5fc1b8ea93a6b688f587791da", "text": "Bible translations into creole languages The creole languages include Dutch-based creole languages , English-based creole languages and French-based creole languages . Major Bible translations into creole languages include :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adddd8856e8871cc1e65d94c14a583fd", "text": "Haitian Cuban A Haitian Cuban ( Haitiano-Cubano , Haïtien Cubain , Ayisyen Kiben ) is a Cuban citizen of full or partial Haitian ancestry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "898a706e8d1055d20c2c60e4ccdc91e2", "text": "List of populated places affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake This is a list of populated places and structures affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake , a magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake which occurred on 12 January 2010 , with an epicentre approximately 25 km west of Port-au-Prince , Haiti , and affected an estimated three million people . The Haitian government estimated that 230,000 people died , 300,000 were injured and 1,000,000 made homeless by the quake . The earthquake caused extensive damage to infrastructure in southwestern Haiti -- in February , Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged . The deputy mayor of Léogâne , at the epicentre of the earthquake , reported that 90 percent of buildings in the city were destroyed and Léogâne had `` to be totally rebuilt . '' As much as 90 percent of Grand-Goâve was devastated , including all public buildings . In Gressier , 40 -- 50 percent of buildings were destroyed ; the same in the worst-affected areas of Carrefour . Jacmel , the capital of Sud-Est Department , also was heavily affected ; 70 percent of homes in the city were damaged according to the mayor of Jacmel , as well as the airport , hospital and city hall building . Many landmark buildings were damaged or destroyed , including the Presidential Palace , the National Assembly building ( Palais Législatif ) , the Supreme Court building ( Palais de Justice ) and the Holy Trinity and Port-au-Prince Cathedrals . Port-au-Prince 's main port and airport , the Port international de Port-au-Prince and Toussaint Louverture International Airport also suffered severe damage , as did Killick , the Haitian Coast Guard 's base in the capital city . The Ciné Institute , Haiti 's only film school , `` lost two buildings '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8bd7744e48b25d7f45e9644587d8a54", "text": "The Last Days of Louisiana Red The Last Days of Louisiana Red ( 1974 ) is a novel written by Ishmael Reed . It is considered a model novel of the Black Arts Movement and contains many elements of postmodernism . It continues the story of the character Papa LaBas introduced in Reed 's previous novel , 1972 's Mumbo Jumbo . The book revolves heavily around voodoo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab7e0c5f70c917331801520dbd1462a5", "text": "Pompée Valentin Vastey Pompée Valentin Vastey ( 1781 - 1820 ) , or Pompée Valentin , Baron de Vastey , was a Haitian writer , educator , and politician . Vastey was what people at the time called a `` mulatto , '' because he was born to a white French father and a black Haitian mother . He served as secretary to King Henri Christophe and tutor to Christophe 's son , Victor Henri . Vastey also claimed to have fought in Toussaint 's army and is said to have been the second cousin of the French novelist and playwright Alexandre Dumas ( Daut 56 ; see also , Griggs 181 ) . Vastey is best known for his essays on the history and contemporary circumstances of Haiti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b93595e90f6abad3e354d4863f6aa025", "text": "Mauritian literature The island of Mauritius is home to many languages , and Mauritian literature exists in French , English , Creole and Indian languages . Major themes in Mauritian literature include exoticism , multiracialism and miscegenation , racial and social conflicts , indianocéanisme , and -- more recently -- post-modernism and post-structuralism currents , such as coolitude . After independence in 1968 writers like Dev Virahsawmy reactivated creole language , then considered as a `` patois , '' and wrote literature , especially drama . The new generation of writers has expressed persistent concern with structure and more global themes . While Kreol Morisyen is the most spoken language on in Mauritius , most of the literature is written in French , although many authors write in English , Bhojpuri , and Morisyen . Mauritius 's renowned playwright Dev Virahsawmy writes exclusively in Morisyen . Important authors include Malcolm de Chazal , Ananda Devi , Raymond Chasle , and Edouard Maunick . Lindsey Collen has been able to carve out a meeting of imaginaries in the unique social setup of this multi-faceted country . Other younger writers like Shenaz Patel , Natacha Appanah , Sabah Carrim , Alain Gordon-Gentil and Carl de Souza explore the issues of ethnicity , superstition and politics in the novel . Poet and critic Khal Torabully has put forward the concept of `` coolitude , '' a poetics that results from the blend of Indian and Mauritian cultural diversity . Other poets include Hassam Wachill , Edouard Maunick , Sedley Assone , Yusuf Kadel and Umar Timol . J. M. G. Le Clézio , who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2008 , is of Mauritian heritage and holds dual French-Mauritian citizenship . The island plays host to the Le Prince Maurice Prize , a literary award celebrating and recognizing ` writers of the heart ' . The award is designed to highlight the literary love story in all its forms rather than for pure Romantic Fiction . In keeping with the island 's literary culture the prize alternates on a yearly basis between English-speaking and French-speaking writers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8ac590de976af464d578c5caba51f0", "text": "Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination . With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks . Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a056dd9ecaec3952f1440ef3f2a1ce9e	Cristiano Ronaldo has won the European Golden Shoe awards four times.	[ { "docid": "4031f48e3656ccb21ac0584ec12fc06a", "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro , ( -LSB- kɾiʃ ` tjɐnu ʁuˈnaɫdu -RSB- , born 5 February 1985 ) is a Portuguese professional footballer for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team . He primarily plays as a forward , but has also been deployed as a winger and serves as captain for Portugal . In 2008 , he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards . Ronaldo then won the FIFA Ballon d'Or in 2013 and 2014 . In 2016 , he received his fourth Ballon d'Or , the most for a European player in the history of the award , and the inaugural Best FIFA Men 's Player . In 2015 , Ronaldo scored his 500th senior career goal for club and country . Two years later , he surpassed Jimmy Greaves as the all-time top-scorer in the top five European leagues . Often ranked the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest of all time , Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation , during its 100th anniversary celebrations in 2015 . He was the first player to win four European Golden Shoe awards . One of the most marketable athletes in sport , in 2016 Forbes named Ronaldo the world 's best paid athlete . ESPN ranked him the world 's most famous athlete in 2016 and 2017 . Ronaldo began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP , before signing with Manchester United at age 18 in 2003 . After winning his first trophy , the FA Cup , during his first season in England , he helped United win three successive Premier League titles , a UEFA Champions League title , and a FIFA Club World Cup . By age 23 , he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations . He was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in 2009 in a transfer worth $ 94 million ( $ 132 million ) . In Spain , he has won two La Liga titles , two Copas del Rey , two Champions League titles , and two Club World Cups . Ronaldo holds the record for most goals scored in a single UEFA Champions League season , having scored 17 goals in the 2013 -- 14 season . In 2014 , Ronaldo became the fastest player to score 200 goals in La Liga , which he achieved in his 178th La Liga game . He is the only player in the history of football to score more than 50 goals in a season on six consecutive occasions . In 2015 , Ronaldo became the all-time top goalscorer in the UEFA Champions League , and he also became Real Madrid 's all-time leading goalscorer . In 2017 , he became the first player to reach 100 goals in European club competitions , as well as in the UEFA Champions League . He is the second highest goalscorer in La Liga history behind Lionel Messi , his perceived career rival . Ronaldo made his international debut for Portugal in August 2003 , at the age of 18 . He is Portugal 's most capped player of all time with over 130 caps , and has participated in seven major tournaments : four UEFA European Championships ( 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 ) and three FIFA World Cups ( 2006 , 2010 and 2014 ) . He is the first Portuguese player to reach 50 international goals , making him Portugal 's all-time top goalscorer . He scored his first international goal in Euro 2004 and helped Portugal reach the final . He took over full captaincy in July 2008 , and he led Portugal to the semi-finals at Euro 2012 , finishing the competition as joint-top scorer . In November 2014 , Ronaldo became the all-time top scorer in the UEFA European Championship ( including qualifying ) with 23 goals . At Euro 2016 , he became the most capped player of all-time in the tournament , the first player to score at four consecutive European Championship finals , and also equalled Michel Platini 's all-time record for most goals scored in the competition . Ronaldo lifted the trophy after Portugal defeated France in the final , and he received the Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer of the tournament .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "66f5988c291b03f91c07e85a5cda031a", "text": "Trofeo EFE Trofeo EFE is an annual football award given by the EFE news agency since the 1990 -- 91 season to the best Latin-American player in La Liga . Recipients are selected based on assessments from the agency 's sports editors . The inaugural winner was Rommel Fernández and the most recent recipient is Luis Suárez . Iván Zamorano and Brazilian Ronaldo have won the award twice . Fernando Redondo received a special distinction as the best player of the 1990s decade . Cristiano Ronaldo is strangely the only player not hailing from Ibero-America that somehow managed to win the trophy in 2013 . Lionel Messi has dominated the award having won it a record five times , more than any other player in trophy 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03d95af458c65c806c6c52e979da77af", "text": "European association football club records This article details professional association football club records in Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cf4c4200fe460985c76c934099a11ad", "text": "1984 European Cup Winners' Cup Final The 1984 European Cup Winners ' Cup Final was a football match contested between Juventus of Italy and Porto of Portugal . it was the final match of the 1983 -- 84 European Cup Winners ' Cup and the 24th European Cup Winners ' Cup Final . It was held at St. Jakob Stadium in Basel , Switzerland . Juventus won the match 2 -- 1 due to goals by Beniamino Vignola and Zbigniew Boniek . It was the fourth year in succession that the final had been settled by a 2 -- 1 scoreline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b76782c3f3c06aca283bb6da71ee0dfc", "text": "UEFA Euro 2012 The 2012 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012 , was the 14th European Championship for men 's national football teams organised by UEFA . The final tournament , held between 8 June and 1 July 2012 , was co-hosted for the first time by Poland and Ukraine , and was won by Spain , who beat Italy 4 -- 0 in the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy in Kiev , Ukraine . Poland and Ukraine 's bid was chosen by UEFA 's Executive Committee on 18 April 2007 . The two host teams qualified automatically while the remaining 14 finalists were decided through a qualifying competition , featuring 51 teams , from August 2010 to November 2011 . This was the last European Championship to employ the 16-team finals format in use since 1996 ; from Euro 2016 onward , it was expanded to 24 finalists . Euro 2012 was played at eight venues , four in each host country . Five new stadiums were built for the tournament , and the hosts invested heavily in improving infrastructure such as railways and roads at UEFA 's request . Euro 2012 set attendance records for the 16-team format , for the highest aggregate attendance ( 1,440,896 ) and average per game ( 46,481 ) . Spain became the first team to win two consecutive European Championships , and also three straight major tournaments ( Euro 2008 , 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012 ) . Spain had already gained entry to the 2013 Confederations Cup by winning the 2010 World Cup , so runners-up Italy qualified instead . As at Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland , both 2012 host nations were eliminated in the group stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aa9922a3577598172bdd9695b22121d", "text": "Jordi Cruyff Johan Jordi Cruijff ( -LSB- ˈjoːɦɑn ˈjɔrdi krœyf -RSB- , anglicised to Cruyff ; born 9 February 1974 ) is a Dutch former footballer . Cruyff is currently Maccabi Tel Aviv 's sports director , a position he previously held at AEK Larnaca . He is the son of Dutch former player and manager Johan Cruyff . Cruyff was also Maccabi Tel Aviv 's interim manager between January and February 2017 . Under his stewardship as Maccabi Tel Aviv 's sports director , the club has enjoyed a successful period , becoming a dominant force in Israeli football . The team won consecutive league titles from 2012-2015 , as well as regularly qualifying for the Europa League and Champions League . As a footballer , he played from 1992 through to 2010 , his list of clubs include Barcelona and Manchester United . He earned nine caps for the Netherlands national football team , playing at UEFA Euro 1996 . Jordi played mainly as an attacking midfielder , although he could also perform as a second striker . In his later years , notably with Metalurh Donetsk , he also played as a centre back . After starting his career with Barcelona and playing for the Netherlands aged 22 , Cruyff 's career stalled while at Manchester United , as he appeared just 36 times in the league over four years due largely to injuries . His most successful period was arguably with Deportivo Alavés , whom he led to the 2001 UEFA Cup Final . He also played for Celta Vigo , RCD Espanyol and finished his playing career with Valletta in the Maltese Premier League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ec279811d630f32dab56562617bdb9f", "text": "Alessandro Del Piero Alessandro `` Alex '' Del Piero ( -LSB- alesˈsandro del ˈpjɛːro -RSB- ) Ufficiale OMRI ( born 9 November 1974 ) is an Italian former professional footballer who mainly played as a deep-lying forward , although he was capable of playing in several offensive positions . In 2015 , he worked as a pundit for Sky Sport Italia . A technically gifted , and creative supporting forward , who was also a free-kick specialist , Del Piero is widely regarded by players , pundits , and managers as one of the greatest players of his generation , and as one of the best Italian players of all time , winning the Serie A Italian Footballer of the Year award in 1998 and 2008 . A prolific goal-scorer , he is currently the second highest all-time Italian top-scorer in all competitions , with 346 goals , behind only Silvio Piola , with 390 goals ; he is also the joint ninth highest goalscorer in Serie A history , with 188 goals , alongside Giuseppe Signori and Alberto Gilardino . After beginning his career with Italian club Padova in Serie B in 1991 , he moved to Juventus F.C. in 1993 , where he played for 19 seasons ( 11 as captain ) , and holds the club records for most goals ( 290 ) and appearances ( 705 ) . During his time at the club , he won six Serie A titles , the Coppa Italia , four Supercoppa Italiana titles , the UEFA Champions League , the UEFA Super Cup , the UEFA Intertoto Cup , and the Intercontinental Cup . After leaving the club in 2012 , he also spent two seasons with Australian side Sydney FC ; he retired after a season with Delhi Dynamos FC in the Indian Super League , in 2014 . Del Piero has scored in every competition in which he has participated . In 2004 , he was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the 125 greatest living footballers selected by Pelé as a part of FIFA 's centenary celebrations . In the same year , he was also voted into the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll , a list of the 50 best European players of the past 50 years . Along with six awards in Italy for gentlemanly conduct , he has also won the Golden Foot award , which pertains to personality as well as playing ability . At international level , Del Piero has also represented the Italian national team at three FIFA World Cups and four UEFA European Football Championships , most notably winning the 2006 FIFA World Cup , and reaching the final of UEFA Euro 2000 with Italy . He is the joint fourth highest scorer for the Italian national team , with 27 goals , alongside Roberto Baggio , and behind only Silvio Piola with 30 goals , Giuseppe Meazza with 33 goals , and Luigi Riva with 35 goals ; with 91 appearances for Italy between 1995 and 2008 , he is also his nation 's ninth-most capped player of all-time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1598b12f3b15fcf962e25a8c7d804da2", "text": "2006 FIFA World Player of the Year The 2006 FIFA World Player of the Year prize was awarded to the Italian Fabio Cannavaro for the first time . He finished ahead of the retired Midfielder Zinédine Zidane , who won the Golden Ball at the World Cup and the winner of the last FIFA World Player of the Year Ronaldinho in the final round of voting . The female FIFA soccer player of the year was Marta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4817ab368aea98d6f04a56cfe909d1f3", "text": "Germany national football team The Germany national football team ( Die deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft or just Die Mannschaft ) is the men 's football team that has represented Germany in international competition since 1908 . It is governed by the German Football Association ( Deutscher Fußball-Bund ) , founded in 1900 . Ever since the DFB was reinaugurated in 1949 the team has represented the Federal Republic of Germany . Under Allied occupation and division , two other separate national teams were also recognised by FIFA : the Saarland team representing the Saarland ( 1950 -- 1956 ) and the East German team representing the German Democratic Republic ( 1952 -- 1990 ) . Both have been absorbed along with their records by the current national team . The official name and code `` Germany FR ( FRG ) '' was shortened to `` Germany ( GER ) '' following the reunification in 1990 . Germany is one of the most successful national teams in international competitions , having won a total of four World Cups ( 1954 , 1974 , 1990 , 2014 ) and three European Championships ( 1972 , 1980 , 1996 ) . They have also been runners-up three times in the European Championships , four times in the World Cup , and a further four third-place finishes at World Cups . East Germany won Olympic Gold in 1976 . Germany is the only nation to have won both the men 's and women 's World Cups . At the end of the 2014 FIFA World Cup , Germany earned the highest Elo rating of any national football team in history , with a record 2200 points . Germany is also the only European nation that has won a FIFA World Cup in the Americas . The current manager of the national team is Joachim Löw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a08e419660f68da03b48ab852af1c81c", "text": "2001–02 Bayer 04 Leverkusen season Bayer Leverkusen became the first club ever to finish runner-up in both the Champions League and domestic league and cup competitions in the same season , with a potential treble unravelling in the final couple of weeks of the season , resulting in no trophies won at all , plus the defections of stars Michael Ballack and Zé Roberto to Bayern Munich . It dominated the second half of the Champions League final against Real Madrid , but lost 2 -- 1 due to a volley from Zinedine Zidane in the latter stages of the first interval .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2782892ee4874da6a17caf087fb2eccf", "text": "Jupp Heynckes Josef `` Jupp '' Heynckes ( -LSB- jʊp haɪnkəs -RSB- ; born 9 May 1945 ) is a German retired professional footballer and manager . As a player , he spent the majority of his career as a striker for Borussia Mönchengladbach in its golden era of the 1960s and '70s , where he won many national championships and the DFB-Pokal , as well as the UEFA Cup . During this period , the team also played in its only European Cup final in 1977 , losing to Liverpool . He is the third-highest goalscorer in the history of the Bundesliga , with 220 goals . He was a member of the West Germany national team that won the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup in the first half of the 1970s . As manager , Heynckes won three Bundesliga titles with Bayern Munich and two UEFA Champions Leagues ; with Real Madrid in 1997 -- 98 and Bayern in 2012 -- 13 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fabe14197a2b8d5a0db7cda1b70d6f85", "text": "Diego Forlán Diego Forlán Corazzo ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo forˈlan -RSB- ; born 19 May 1979 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Mumbai City FC . He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe , and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup . He is regarded as one of the greatest Uruguayan players of all time . Forlán joined Argentine club Independiente after rising through their youth team , and after a successful four-year spell , he signed for Manchester United of England . His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente , although he won the Premier League in 2002 -- 03 and the FA Cup in 2003 -- 04 . In the summer of 2004 , he moved on to Spanish side Villarreal . In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal , Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy . After two more successful seasons with Villarreal , Forlán joined Atlético Madrid , where he once again became the league 's top scorer , and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in the 2003 -- 04 season . Forlán scored in Atlético 's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham . In 2011 , he joined Inter Milan of Italy before moving to Internacional in 2012 . Forlán also had a successful international career , scoring 36 times for his country since his 2002 debut , including one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times as Uruguay came fourth at the 2010 World Cup , being recognised with the Golden Ball award for the best player at the tournament . On 12 July 2011 , at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina , Forlán earned his 79th international cap , against Mexico , breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodríguez since 1986 . On 20 June 2013 , in a match against Nigeria at the 2013 Confederations Cup , he became the first Uruguayan to win 100 caps . With 36 goals , Forlán was Uruguay 's all-time leading top scorer from 2011 until Luis Suárez overtook him two years later . He retired from international football on 11 March 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d593a747b39bb52791c2b3126e0cacd7", "text": "UEFA Euro 2004 Final The UEFA Euro 2004 Final was a football match played on 4 July 2004 at the Estádio da Luz in Lisbon , Portugal to determine the winner of UEFA Euro 2004 . The match featured tournament hosts Portugal , who went into the match as favourites , and Greece , playing in only their second European Championship . It was the first time in a major international tournament where both finalists had also played in the opening game of the tournament . Both teams had qualified for the knockout stage from Group A of the tournament 's group stage , with Greece winning 2 -- 1 in the teams ' earlier meeting . Greece won the final 1 -- 0 , defying odds of 80 -- 1 from the beginning of the tournament , with Angelos Charisteas scoring the winning goal in the 57th minute . While the dedication of the side and the victory were celebrated by their nation , Greece were dubbed by Barry Glendenning of The Guardian as `` the only underdogs in history that everyone wants to see get beaten '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541825701184e307bcd9d093cd461a2", "text": "2014 UEFA Europa League Final The 2014 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2013 -- 14 UEFA Europa League , the 43rd season of Europe 's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the fifth season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the Juventus Stadium in Turin , Italy on 14 May 2014 , between Spanish side Sevilla and Portuguese side Benfica . Sevilla won the match 4 -- 2 on penalties , following a 0 -- 0 draw after extra time . Sevilla secured their third title in eight years , after winning the competition in 2006 and 2007 . With this triumph , they joined Juventus ( 1977 , 1990 , 1993 ) , Internazionale ( 1991 , 1994 , 1998 ) and Liverpool ( 1973 , 1976 , 2001 ) as the teams with the most wins . Benfica lost their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final , following their defeat against Chelsea in the 2013 final . Including their runner-up finish in 1983 , Benfica are the team with the most lost finals in the competition . As the winners , Sevilla earned the right to play against 2013 -- 14 UEFA Champions League winners Real Madrid in the 2014 UEFA Super Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd39b835a7cc46c202878eed7dd64f10", "text": "Belgian Golden Shoe In association football , the Belgian Golden Shoe ( Gouden Schoen , Soulier d'Or ) is an award given in Belgium at the beginning of each civil year to the best footballer of the Belgian First Division for the past year . The trophy is sponsored by the Belgian newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws . The voters are a selection of Belgian press specialists and football personalities . They are invited to vote for the best player of the competition for both half seasons ( previous season second half and current season first half ) . As a result , a player can receive all of his votes in one half season ( e.g. if he joined the championship from abroad during summer ) , or he can receive votes for matches with two ( or more ) different teams , as with Philippe Albert in 1992 and Mbark Boussoufa in 2006 . Paul Van Himst has collected 4 Belgian Golden Shoes which is the current record . Jan Ceulemans and Wilfried Van Moer have both won the trophy three times . The first foreigner to win the trophy was the Dutchman Johan Boskamp , especially for his excellence during the second half of the 1974-75 season , when his club , RWDM ( currently defunct ) , won its first and only championship title . The only foreigners who have won the award more than once are the Swede Pär Zetterberg and the Moroccan Mbark Boussoufa . In 2011 , Argentinian Matías Suárez became the first South American to be awarded the Golden Shoe . In 2016 , Tessa Wullaert was awarded the first ever Golden Shoe for women football players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5890119b4621cbf2ea951c20960dd655", "text": "2010–11 La Liga The 2010 -- 11 La Liga season ( known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons ) was the 80th since its establishment . The campaign began on 28 August 2010 and ended on 21 May 2011 . A total of 20 teams contested the league , 17 of which already contested in the 2009 -- 10 season and three of which were promoted from the Segunda División . In addition , a new match ball -- the Nike Total 90 Tracer -- served as the official ball for all matches . Defending champions Barcelona secured their third-consecutive and 21st La Liga title after a 1 -- 1 tie with Levante on 11 May 2011 . The result gave Barcelona a 6-point lead with two matches remaining which , combined with their better head-to-head record with Real Madrid , ensured that they finished top of the table . Barcelona led the table since defeating Madrid 5 -- 0 on 23 November 2010 . Since then , they lost only one match en route to winning the title . It was the third straight title for Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola . Lionel Messi won the LFP Award for Best Player , which marked his third consecutive win . The season was again dominated by Barcelona and Real Madrid , with second-place Madrid 21 points ahead of third-place Valencia . Having encountered each other in the Champions League semifinals and the Copa del Rey final , the top two teams met 4 times in 17 days , for a total of 5 times this season . The most significant managerial change prior to the start of the season was two-time Champions League-winning José Mourinho taking over at Real Madrid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a10e4935627159ff1fc8dc850df59bb4", "text": "Celtic F.C. in European football Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Glasgow , which has regularly taken part in European competitions since its first appearance in the 1962 -- 63 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup . Since then , the club has competed in every UEFA organised competition , with the exception of the now defunct Intertoto Cup . The club became the first British team and only Scottish team to win the European Cup , by beating Inter Milan in the 1967 final . The team that defeated Inter at the final held at the Estádio Nacional in Lisbon have since become known as `` The Lisbon Lions '' . During the 1960s , Celtic also twice reached the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners ' Cup before reaching a further European Cup final in 1970 where they lost 2 -- 1 to Feyenoord after extra-time , and then two further European Cup semi-finals in 1972 and 1974 . In more recent years , Celtic reached the 2003 UEFA Cup Final in Seville , which they lost 3 -- 2 after extra time to Porto , and also reached the last 16 of the Champions League on three occasions in the 2006 -- 07 , 2007 -- 08 and 2012 -- 13 seasons . The 2016 -- 17 season competing in the Champions League saw Celtic participating in its 53rd European campaign . Scott Brown , Celtic 's current captain , holds the club record for the most appearances , playing in 75 matches . Henrik Larsson , who scored twice in the 2003 UEFA Cup Final , is the club 's record goalscorer , with 35 goals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "138957308352c741ba74b3105666eeac", "text": "2009–10 UEFA Champions League The 2009 -- 10 UEFA Champions League was the 55th season of Europe 's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the 18th under the current UEFA Champions League format . The final was played on 22 May 2010 , at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , home ground of Real Madrid , in Madrid , Spain . The final was won by Italian club Internazionale , who beat German side Bayern Munich 2 -- 0 . Internazionale went on to represent Europe in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup , beating Congolese side TP Mazembe 3 -- 0 in the final , and played in the 2010 UEFA Super Cup against Europa League winners Atlético Madrid , losing 2 -- 0 . Barcelona were the defending champions , but were eliminated by eventual winners Internazionale in the semi-finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67b0e5f28044d0497a80b189f66b5412", "text": "2009 FIFA Club World Cup The 2009 FIFA Club World Cup ( officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons ) was a football tournament played from 9 December to 19 December 2009 . It was the sixth FIFA Club World Cup and was played in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . Australia , Japan and Portugal also placed bids to host the tournament , but Portugal later withdrew from the process . The final was played on 19 December 2009 and was won by European champions Barcelona , who came from behind to defeat the South American entrants , Estudiantes , 2 -- 1 after extra time . Mauro Boselli put Estudiantes ahead in the 37th minute , but Pedro equalised with one minute left in normal time before Lionel Messi scored the winning goal five minutes into the second half of extra time . This made Barcelona the first Spanish side to win the FIFA Club World Cup , and it also meant that they had won a total of six competitions in the 2009 calendar year , beating Liverpool 's record five trophies won in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90a86e787a5094297dd9fc7461dcc68d", "text": "Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d232f392c0fe37d31573f396226b6de9", "text": "UEFA Euro 2016 The 2016 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 or simply Euro 2016 , was the 15th UEFA European Championship , the quadrennial international men 's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA . It was held in France from 10 June to 10 July 2016 . Spain were the two-time defending champions , having won the 2008 and 2012 tournaments , but were eliminated in the round of 16 by Italy . Portugal won the tournament for the first time , following a 1 -- 0 victory after extra time over the host team , France , in the final played at the Stade de France . For the first time , the European Championship final tournament was contested by 24 teams , having been expanded from the 16-team format used since 1996 . Under the new format , the finalists contested a group stage consisting of six groups of four teams , followed by a knockout phase including three rounds and the final . Nineteen teams -- the top two from each of the nine qualifying groups and the best third-placed team -- joined France in the final tournament , who qualified automatically as hosts ; a series of two-legged play-off ties between the remaining third-placed teams in November 2015 decided the last four finalist spots . France was chosen as the host nation on 28 May 2010 , after a bidding process in which they beat Italy and Turkey for the right to host the 2016 finals . The matches were played in ten stadiums in ten cities : Bordeaux , Lens , Lille Métropole , Décines-Charpieu , Marseille , Nice , Paris , Saint-Denis , Saint-Étienne , and Toulouse . It was the third time that France hosted the finals , after the inaugural tournament in 1960 and the 1984 finals . As the winners , Portugal earned the right to compete at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia .", "title": "" } ]	fever
271ae18ccac40a0b625825ba64d7b766	Shawn Michaels serves as an ambassador.	[ { "docid": "6c8a2ad0043c33bc934fa7be0850f0ef", "text": "Shawn Michaels Michael Shawn Hickenbottom ( born July 22 , 1965 ) , better known by his ring name Shawn Michaels , is an American actor , professional wrestling personality , television presenter and retired professional wrestler . He is currently signed to WWE , as an ambassador and trainer , since December 2010 . Michaels wrestled consistently for WWE , formerly the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) , from 1988 until his first retirement in 1998 . He held non-wrestling roles from 1998 to 2000 and resumed wrestling in 2002 until retiring ceremoniously in 2010 . In the WWF/E , Michaels headlined major pay-per-view events between 1989 and 2010 , closing the company 's flagship annual event , WrestleMania , five times . He was the co-founder and original leader of the successful stable , D-Generation X . He also wrestled in the American Wrestling Association ( AWA ) , where he founded The Midnight Rockers with Marty Jannetty in 1985 . After winning the AWA Tag Team Championship twice , the team continued to the WWF as The Rockers , and had a high-profile breakup in January 1992 . Within the year , Michaels would twice challenge for the WWF Championship and win his first WWF Intercontinental Championship , heralding his arrival as one of the industry 's premier singles stars . He would go on to be widely regarded as its finest performer in the 1990s and 2000s , winning the Pro Wrestling Illustrated `` Match of the Year '' reader vote a record eleven times . Michaels was voted the greatest professional wrestler of all time in a 2011 poll of the WWE roster . Michaels is a four-time world champion , having held the WWF Championship three times and WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship once . He is also a two-time Royal Rumble winner , the first WWF Grand Slam Champion and the fourth WWF Triple Crown Champion , as well as a 2011 WWE Hall of Fame inductee .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "93a315b9acd96bba8f80922403e05d97", "text": "Phoenix Championship Wrestling Phoenix Championship Wrestling was a short-lived American independent professional wrestling promotion based in Toms River , New Jersey . It was founded by twin brothers Don and Mike Bucci in 2001 and promoted by Don Bucci until its close two years later . The promotion enjoyed a high degree of success during its existence and was home to many independent wrestlers in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region later signed to both Total Non-Stop Action and World Wrestling Entertainment . Stars from both promotions made appearances for PCW such as TNA 's Alexis Laree , Frankie Kazarian , Amazing Red and The S.A.T. ( Jose and Joel Maximo ) . The Wall and the Harris Brothers were also signed to TNA while competing for the promotion . From the World Wrestling Federation included former and then current superstars such as Jimmy Snuka , Gillberg , Gangrel , Eddie Guerrero and Three Minute Warning ( Rosey and Jamal ) . A number of WWE developmental wrestlers from Ohio Valley Wrestling spent time in the promotion including Kara Drew , Charlie Haas , Mike Kruel , Tank Toland and The Basham Brothers ( Doug and Danny Basham ) . Mike Bucci , a mainstay of Extreme Championship Wrestling , was also able to bring in many of its stars prior to and following the promotion 's close in 2001 . Among these included Prodigy , Chris Chetti , Little Guido , Jerry Lynn , Crowbar , Steve Corino , Julio Dinero , Chris Hamrick , Tommy Dreamer , Raven , Joey Matthews & Christian York and the `` heel '' stable Triple Threat ( `` Franchise '' Shane Douglas , Chris Candido and Bam Bam Bigelow ) . Both Bucci and Prodigy would win titles in the promotion , Prodigy being the first PCW Television Champion . Despite the fierce competitive environment among independent Mid-Atlantic promotions , the smaller PCW had working relationships with several of its rivals allowing appearances by Nicky Benz and Ric Blade from Combat Zone Wrestling , and Michael Shane , `` Fallen Angel '' Christopher Daniels and Samoa Joe from Ring of Honor . PCW also featured many established independent wrestlers , not only in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region , but from throughout the United States and Canada . The mix of wrestlers would occasionally result in unofficial interpromotional matches that would not normally be seen in mainstream companies . The promotion also had a weekly Public-access television cable TV series , Fire Bird TV , and many of its supercards and televised events were later released on VHS/DVD by Smart Mark Video and RF Video .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d365e483a9d809fc9e1137e306a40f9f", "text": "Goodwill Games The Goodwill Games was an international sports competition created by Ted Turner in reaction to the political troubles surrounding the Olympic Games of the 1980s . In 1979 , the invasion of Afghanistan caused the United States and other Western countries to boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow , an act reciprocated when the Soviet and other Eastern Bloc countries ( with the exception of Romania ) boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles . Like the Olympics , the Goodwill Games were held every four years ( with the exception of the final Games ) , and had a summer and winter component . The Summer Goodwill Games occurred five times , between 1986 and 2001 , while the Winter Goodwill Games occurred only once , in 2000 . They were cancelled by Time Warner , which had bought ownership of them in 1996 , due to low television ratings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7b3bc61bc9195af3e53cf9a7cb33ef0", "text": "WrestleMania 33 WrestleMania 33 was the thirty-third annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE . In addition to standard PPV outlets , it was broadcast simultaneously on the WWE Network . It took place on April 2 , 2017 at Camping World Stadium in Orlando , Florida . WrestleMania 33 was a joint-promotion event for the Raw and SmackDown brands , the first since WrestleMania XXVII in 2011 as the brand split ended that year , but was reintroduced in July 2016 . Thirteen matches were contested at the event , including three on the pre-show . For the first time since WrestleMania 29 in 2013 , two world championships were contested : Raw 's Universal Championship and SmackDown 's WWE Championship ; it marked the first time that the Universal Championship , SmackDown Women 's Championship , and new Cruiserweight Championship were defended at WrestleMania . In the main event , Roman Reigns defeated The Undertaker in a No Holds Barred match , giving Undertaker his second loss at WrestleMania . It was Undertaker 's unannounced retirement match , ending his 27-year in-ring career in the WWE . In addition , Brock Lesnar defeated Goldberg to become the new Universal Champion and Randy Orton defeated Bray Wyatt to win his ninth WWE Championship . The event also marked the surprise return of The Hardy Boyz , who won the Raw Tag Team Championship . It was also the first WrestleMania to be on the air past midnight Eastern time . WWE claimed an attendance of 75,245 for WrestleMania 33 . This number has been disputed , as The A.V. Club wrote that it was `` almost certainly a fake number '' as WWE `` has had a reputation for wildly inflating the attendance figure -- as Vince McMahon once said on an investor 's call , the fake number is for entertainment purposes '' , while wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer described it as `` a total worked number even more than usual '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2420d286c40c04f356ae7bc84861f95f", "text": "Hernandez (wrestler) Shawn Hernandez ( born February 11 , 1973 ) is an American professional wrestler , best known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) under the ring name Hernandez . He is an eight-time World Tag Team Champion , having held the TNA World Tag Team Championship five times , the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice and the IWA World Tag Team Championship once . Hernandez is also the co-promoter of the Houston , Texas-based promotion Latino Wrestling Entertainment ( LWE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7509f4e711e5191e647cfae879fcbc12", "text": "Bret \"Hit Man\" Hart: The Best There Is, the Best There Was, the Best There Ever Will Be Bret `` Hit Man '' Hart : The Best There Is , The Best There Was , The Best There Ever Will Be also known as The Bret Hart Story : The Best There Is , The Best There Was , The Best There Ever Will Be is a best selling DVD documentary film released as part of a three-DVD set on November 15 , 2005 , by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . The documentary chronicles the career of popular WWE wrestler Bret Hart . Hart collaborated with WWE to make the documentary , contributing hours of interview content to the film . This collaboration marked the first time Hart had worked in an on camera capacity with WWE since the Montreal Screwjob , which was Hart 's last in-ring appearance with the company until his return on January 4 , 2010 . The documentary chronicles Bret Hart 's wrestling career , from how he broke into the business as a member of the Hart family to his run in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) . Highlights of matches from his days in his father 's Stampede Wrestling promotion , as well as his time in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) and WCW are shown while insight is provided from Hart about what went on behind the scenes . This is the second documentary about Bret Hart , the first being Hitman Hart : Wrestling with Shadows ( which was produced with cooperation by the WWF , but not released by WWF/E Home Video ) which chronicles Hart 's last days wrestling in the WWF and talks about his relationship with his brother Owen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0183aabef60a2264726875d450666e25", "text": "In Your House In Your House was a pay-per-view ( PPV ) series created by the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) that aired from May 1995 to April 1999 . The original concept was that , in months when the WWF was not holding one of its major PPV events ( WrestleMania , King of the Ring , SummerSlam , Survivor Series , and Royal Rumble , which at the time ran for three hours and retailed for $ 29.95 ) , they would offer a two-hour PPV , priced at US$ 14.95 . The price was raised to $ 19.95 starting in December 1995 with In Your House 5 . The WWF did this in response to a move by competitor World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) to increase their annual pay-per-view events ( in 1995 , WCW held 9 PPV events ; in 1996 , 10 and finally started airing monthly events in 1997 ) . Notwithstanding the addition of more WWF events , WCW 's events regularly ran between 2.5 -- 3 hours . Starting in September 1997 , the WWF expanded all of its In Your House events to three hours , thus matching the runtime of its major PPV events . The WWF retired the In Your House branding for its monthly pay-per-views following April 1999 's Backlash : In Your House event , as the company moved to install permanent names for each of its monthly events . The similar branding of this series was then used for the NXT TakeOver series in 2014 . The WWF Championship would never change hands at any event in the In Your House series . A new champion was crowned only once , in a four corners elimination match for the vacant title at February 1997 's In Your House 13 : Final Four ; Shawn Michaels was forced to relinquish the championship due to injury three days earlier , turning what was originally a number one contender 's match into a title match .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f76f0d838d762d02ad86e580082e06be", "text": "WrestleMania VII WrestleMania VII was the seventh annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . It took place on March 24 , 1991 , at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena in Los Angeles , California . The main event saw Hulk Hogan defeat Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship as part of a controversial storyline in which Sgt. Slaughter portrayed an Iraqi sympathizer during the United States ' involvement in the Gulf War . Significant events on the undercard included The Undertaker 's WrestleMania debut and the beginning of his renowned winning streak , a retirement match between Randy Savage and The Ultimate Warrior leading to the former 's reuniting with estranged love Miss Elizabeth , as well as the final match of the original Hart Foundation , after which Bret Hart became primarily a singles wrestler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1604c93555b9dbbad60a98c82e7b829", "text": "Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . '' Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations . Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation . In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues . `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35f0667d311dcea5c56eeeecfad79d8c", "text": "Sports Action Team Sports Action Team was a half-hour comedy television series that ran for two seasons in 2006-2007 . It was aired by some affiliates of the NBC network and the high definition channel HDNet . It was a semi-improvisational mockumentary depicting the production of a fictional sports news show of the same name . Originally intended as a sport-related program to fill air time after Sunday football games on the west coast , the first season eventually expanded to most major NBC markets around the country ( including all NBC Owned and Operated stations ) . The show 's second season is shot in high definition , and is distributed by MGM . It is produced by Chicago-based Towers Productions , Inc. . The regular cast was Al Samuels , Kevin Fleming , Steven Fleming , Antoine McKay , Katie Nahnsen , and Niki Lindgren , who have a background in Chicago area improvisational theater and play characters with the same first names . It also regularly features appearances by professional athletes . Athletes that made appearances on the show include Dwyane Wade of the Miami Heat , Rudi Johnson of the Cincinnati Bengals , former Chicago Bears coach Mike Ditka , Randy Moss of the New England Patriots , Patrick Willis of the San Francisco 49ers , and IndyCar racer Danica Patrick . Several non-athletes have made appearances , such as The Tonight Show host Conan O'Brien and former Access Hollywood host Nancy O'Dell . Each show includes several appearances by athletes who are included in the shows plot lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f55ea291eaa43f22718251f2ac2a95", "text": "Mic (media company) Mic is an American media company that caters to millennials . The company reaches 19 million unique monthly visitors and has a higher composition of 18 - to 34-year-old readers than any other millennial-focused news site , including BuzzFeed and Vice . Mic received early attention for its on-the-ground coverage during the revolution in Tunisia ; The Hollywood Reporter remarked that Mic features `` stories that intelligently cover serious issues important to young people '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b78b6f8131cf303be0457c4a602eaf23", "text": "World Gospel Mission World Gospel Mission ( WGM ) is an interdenominational Christian holiness missionary agency headquartered in Marion , Indiana , United States . From its inception , WGM has been aligned with the Wesleyan Holiness tradition of Protestantism . It was organized on 10 July 1910 at University Park , Iowa as the Missionary Department of the National Association for the Promotion of Holiness , and from 1926 as the National Holiness Missionary Society . In April 1981 it became a separate legal entity from the National Holiness Association ( now Christian Holiness Partnership ) . Although WGM has not been controlled by the Christian Holiness Association for many years , WGM remains solidly committed to the proclamation of scriptural holiness . The agency 's website says `` World Gospel Mission is interdenominational in organization , evangelistic in method , Wesleyan in doctrine , cooperative with other evangelical agencies , and backed by an organized prayer network . '' The WGM uses the faith mission approach . Therefore , all missionaries ( short-term or career ) and volunteers with WGM are responsible for raising their own financial support with the help of the organization 's Church Ministries Department . Missionaries raise the funds needed to pay for salaries and housing , provide medical and life insurance , fund children 's educations , and provision for retirement . More than twenty Christian denominations , as well as non-denominational groups are represented among their missionaries . Its trans-denominational base has been strengthened in recent decades by the decisions of several smaller denominations to designate the WGM as their official agent for sending foreign missionaries to the field . These include the Churches of Christ in Christian Union , the Evangelical Methodist Church , the Congregational Methodist Church , and the Methodist Protestant Church . ( Jones 241 ) WGM is affiliated to the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability ( ECFA ) , the Evangelical Fellowship of Missions Agencies ( EFMA ) , and Standards of Excellence in Short-Term Mission . The mission 's largest ministries are in Kenya , Honduras , and Bolivia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ea0d7171a7622f4f0864efc17b76ec", "text": "USA Wrestling USA Wrestling ( formerly known as the United States Wrestling Federation and as the United States Wrestling Association ) is the organization that currently governs freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling in the United States . USA Wrestling is also the official representative to the United States Olympic Committee ( USOC ) and to United World Wrestling ( UWW ) and is considered the national governing body of the sport at the amateur level . Their mission statement is , `` USA Wrestling , guided by the Olympic Spirit , provides quality opportunities for its members to achieve their full human and athletic potential . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b2b993a806dffbff63b10dc40aa5fb1", "text": "Bad Blood (2003) Bad Blood ( 2003 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and presented by Maxim Hair Color , which took place on June 15 , 2003 , at the Compaq Center in Houston , Texas . It was the second event produced under the Bad Blood name and starred wrestlers from the Raw brand . This event marked the beginning of worldwide pay-per-views ( with the exception of the older and more significant Royal Rumble , WrestleMania , SummerSlam and Survivor Series pay-per-views ) being brand exclusive ( UK-only pay-per-views had been brand exclusive since Insurrextion 2002 ) . The main event was a Hell in a Cell match , featuring wrestlers fighting in a ring surrounded by a steel structure . In this match , World Heavyweight Champion Triple H defeated Kevin Nash to retain his title . Two predominant bouts were featured on the undercard ; in respective singles matches , Ric Flair defeated Shawn Michaels and Goldberg defeated Chris Jericho . The event marked the second time the Hell in a Cell format was used by WWE in a Bad Blood event ; the first was at In Your House : Badd Blood in 1997 . The 2003 Bad Blood event grossed over $ 500,000 ticket sales from an attendance of 10,000 and received about 285,000 pay-per-view buys , which was more than the following year 's event . This event helped WWE increase its yearly pay-per-view revenue by $ 6.2 million from the previous year . When the event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d56ca373faae6138d0b013455112428a", "text": "Stone Cold Steve Austin Steve Austin ( born Steven James Anderson on December 18 , 1964 , later Steven James Williams ) , better known by the ring name `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin , is an American actor , media personality , producer , and retired professional wrestler who is signed to a Legends contract with WWE . Veteran pro wrestling journalist Wade Keller remarked that Austin is `` in every conversation for the greatest wrestling act of all time '' , as well as for `` the most profitable and the most influential '' . He enjoyed a successful mid card career as `` Stunning '' Steve Austin in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and a stint as a main event performer in Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) during the early and mid 1990s , before signing with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) in 1995 as The Ringmaster . Rebranded `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin the following year , he gained significant mainstream popularity as a disrespectful , beer-drinking antihero who routinely defied the establishment and his boss , company chairman Vince McMahon . This persona of Austin 's became the `` poster boy '' of the Attitude Era , a boom period in WWF business in the latter 1990s and early 2000s . He also devised the long-standing `` What ? '' chant in pro wrestling . Several prominent industry figures , including McMahon , have declared Austin to be the biggest star in WWF/E history , while stressing that he surpassed the popularity of Hulk Hogan . Austin held 19 championships throughout his wrestling career ; he is a six-time WWF Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , and a four-time WWF Tag Team Champion , thus making him the fifth Triple Crown Champion in WWE history , while also being a two-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WCW World Television Champion , a one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion , and a one-time NWA World Tag Team Champion in WCW . He was also the winner of the 1996 King of the Ring tournament , as well as the 1997 , 1998 , and 2001 Royal Rumbles , making him the only three-time winner of the event . Furthermore , he was awarded the unsanctioned Million Dollar Championship by Ted DiBiase . Austin has headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , including three WrestleManias ( XIV , XV , and X-Seven ) . He was forced to retire from in-ring competition in 2003 due to a series of knee injuries and a serious neck injury . Throughout the rest of 2003 and 2004 , he was featured as the Co-General Manager and `` Sheriff '' of Raw . Since 2005 , he has continued to make occasional appearances , and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2009 by Vince McMahon . In 2011 , Austin returned to WWE to host the reboot of the reality series Tough Enough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383acea5b52bc712a707b819a5128508", "text": "Special Olympics Bharat Special Olympics Bharat is an officially recognised programme of Special Olympics International which operates in India . It was founded in 1987 as Special Olympics India , and changed its name to Special Olympics Bharat in 2001 . it is recognized by the government of India as a National Sports Federation for the development of sports opportunity for the people with intellectual disabilities . The special Olympics Bharat programme has so far drawn a number of coaches to work with 850875 athletes across the country . Special Olympics Bharat is a National Sports Federation also registered under the Indian Trust Act 1882 in 2001 and is accredited by Special Olympics International to conduct Special Olympics Programs in India . It is recognized by the Government of India as a National Sports Federation in the Priority Category , for development of Sports for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities , and is a designated Nodal Agency for all disabilities on account of its national presence and experience , especially in rural areas which account for nearly 75 per cent of the disabled population in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df49a0db1cf400b179ce7a3f28dd5aa9", "text": "Shawnee Mission Northwest High School Shawnee Mission Northwest High School is a fully accredited public high school located in Shawnee , Kansas , United States , serving students in grades 9-12 . The current principal is Lisa Grumann . Shawnee Mission Northwest is one of many schools located within Shawnee , Kansas and surrounding areas . The school colors are orange , black , and white . The school population is approximately 1,850 students . Shawnee Mission Northwest was founded in 1969 in order to help educate the increasing number of students due to the emerging population of Shawnee Mission . The school launched the International Baccalaureate program at the start of the 2008-2009 school year . Shawnee Mission Northwest is a member of the Kansas State High School Activities Association and offers a variety of sports programs . Athletic teams compete in the 6A division and are known as the `` Cougars '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bea0e2850cccac584981b16e7a2af189", "text": "Shawn Chrystopher Shawn Chrystopher Garrett , II ( born July 22 , 1986 ) better known by his stage name Shawn Chrystopher , is an American rapper and music producer . He first gained major attention with the release of his debut mixtape `` I.W.G. : I Wear Glasses '' in 2008 , which was sponsored by urban-clothing powerhouse LRG . Chrystopher also worked with artist Timbaland , Yelawolf , MANN , XV , Mike Posner , Big Sean , N.O.R.E. , Owl City , Dom Kennedy and many other artists spanning a handful of different genres . Shawn released three albums in 2014 ; the first one , Summerlove , was released for free on LiveMixtapes on August 12 , 2014 . For the new music , Shawn worked with GRAMMY Award winning producer Timbaland , who executive produced his debut commercial album `` The Lovestory LP '' that dropped on July 23 , 2013 via Shawn 's label Honour ROLE Music , LLC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bbb2fa6490eab538b7a0495e4cbcb7a", "text": "Shane Stanley Shane Stanley ( born June 15 , 1971 in Los Angeles ) is a multi-Emmy Award-winning filmmaker and founder of Visual Arts Entertainment , a film and television production company based in Los Angeles . Best known for executive producing Gridiron Gang starring Dwayne `` The Rock '' Johnson for Sony Pictures and directing Bret Michaels music videos supporting the hit show Rock of Love . Stanley , a four-time nominee , was the youngest to ever win a production Emmy Award , winning his first at sixteen and his second at nineteen for his work on The Desperate Passage Series . Stanley made his directorial debut helming his own screenplay A Sight for Sore Eyes which starred Academy Award nominee Gary Busey . Besides being honored with dozens of prestigious awards and film festival honors , the film was invited to screen at the Cannes Film Festival in 2005 and won Best Drama at the International Family Film Festival in 2006 . Also a commercial and music video director , Stanley 's most recognized work includes campaigns for Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , Sony PlayStation , Morongo Casino , Resort & Spa , Kimberly-Clark , San Manuel Indian Bingo & Casino as well as PSA 's for the American Diabetes Association . His most known music videos include StorySide : B 's `` Miracle '' and Bret Michaels 's Go That Far which reached # 1 and remained on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown for over three months . The video is ranked on the network 's list of 100 Best Music Videos . As of 2010 , five of Stanley 's music videos have been on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown , ( two simultaneously ) . Shane co-wrote Bret Michaels 's autobiography , `` Roses & Thorns '' for Simon & Schuster and most recently produced the late Zalman King 's , Pleasure or Pain which will release in 2014 . Pleasure or Pain would be Golden Globe Nominee , King 's final film before his passing in 2012 . In 2015 , Shane directed The Untold Story starring Barry Van Dyke , Nia Peeples , Jason Connery , and Ellen Greene a film he co-wrote with his father , Lee Stanley . This would be their first collaboration since Gridiron Gang in 2005 . Shane began 2016 helming Mistrust which he co-wrote with Tiffany Johnson . The film stars two-time Golden Globes winner , Jane Seymour ( actress ) , Parker Stevenson , Patrick Bristow , William Shockley ( actor ) , and Nia Peeples .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88bd52762d3a933a5c1dd49c6f4bf43d", "text": "Mia Michaels Mia Michaels ( born February 23 , 1966 ) is an American choreographer best known as a judge and for her contemporary choreography on the TV show So You Think You Can Dance ( SYTYCD ) . She has worked with musical artists such as Celine Dion , Madonna , Tom Cruise , Catherine Zeta-Jones , Ricky Martin , Gloria Estefan , and Prince . In 2005 she choreographed Cirque du Soleil 's world tour , `` Delirium '' as well as Celine Dion 's Las Vegas show `` A New Day ... '' for which she was later nominated for Emmy . In 2007 she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography for her `` Calling You '' routine on season 2 of So You Think You Can Dance '' ; she won again in 2010 for her work on season 5 . She was a main judge of So You Think You Can Dance together with Adam Shankman and Nigel Lythgoe for season 7 . She choreographed the dance sequence of `` Get Happy '' in Season 7 Episode 15 of the `` House '' episode `` Bombshells '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1f94e85a3e29e2ec62e0c9dcb396f65e	The iPhone 5C has only ever been designed by Microsoft.	[ { "docid": "99e2e21ae25d28b10d05d059802c9fa4", "text": "IPhone 5C The iPhone 5C ( marketed with a stylized lowercase ` c ' as iPhone 5c ) is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . The device was part of the iPhone series and was unveiled on September 10 , 2013 , and released on September 20 , 2013 , along with its higher-end counterpart , the iPhone 5S . The iPhone 5C is a variant of the iPhone 5 , with similar hardware specifications but a hard-coated polycarbonate shell instead of the aluminium of the original iPhone 5 . The iPhone 5C was available in several color options , and shipped with iOS 7 . The iPhone 5C was sold at a discounted price point in comparison to the 5S : unlike Apple 's prior practice of lowering the price of the previous model upon release of a new version , the iPhone 5 was explicitly discontinued and replaced by the 5C . On September 9 , 2014 , the 16 and 32 GB iPhone 5C models were replaced by the 8 GB model with the announcement of the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus . On September 9 , 2015 , the 8 GB version was discontinued upon the announcement of the iPhone 6S .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9d73a4ecae85432177fd9aa17c0e909a", "text": "Apple A5X The Apple A5X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip ( SoC ) designed by Apple Inc. , introduced at the launch of the third generation iPad on March 7 , 2012 . It is a high performance variant of the Apple A5 ; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5 . It was superseded in the iPhone 5 and 5C by the A6 chip and the fourth generation iPad by the A6X chip .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "906cb6d49bbefc5d5493c92786a944b1", "text": "P535 The Asus P535 is a high performance Pocket PC ( PPC ) that was designed for business managers . It was launched by ASUSTeK Computer Inc. in November , 2006 . At first , the Asus P535 ran with Microsoft ( R ) Window Mobile 5.0 . However , it is upgradable to Microsoft ( R ) Windows mobile 6.5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac9a5dde11fe57c14d3aec06cb6ffd1e", "text": "Portable Media Center Portable Media Center ( PMC ) is a defunct hard drive-based portable media player ( PMP ) platform developed by Microsoft . Announced at the 2003 Consumer Electronics Show ( CES ) , and released in early 2004 , it was originally positioned as a competitor to Apple 's iPod . The platform was conceived in line with Microsoft 's Windows Media Center strategy , where the idea was to have a single media management interface that would be used on both PCs and in consumer devices , including televisions and handhelds . The strategy was developed by Microsoft 's Windows Embedded group in partnership with the eHome Division , which formed in February 2001 and started partnerships with companies like Samsung with the goal to `` develop new technologies so consumers can enjoy whole-home entertainment , communications and control experiences where , when and however they want them '' and `` develop an entire ecosystem of PCs , digital devices , intelligent home appliances and services that will easily and cost-effectively transform average households into next-generation digital homes . '' The Windows Media Center name was created with the release of a Windows XP product edition , Windows XP Media Center Edition , geared towards this ecosystem . Codenamed Media2Go , it was later rebranded as Windows Mobile software for Portable Media Centers , before being named Portable Media Center . Its operating system was a specialized version of Windows CE , . In 2007 , Microsoft discontinued licensing the platform . The first Portable Media Center product released was the Creative 's Zen Portable Media Center . All PMCs are able to play audio files in MP3 and display images in JPEG . Also , they support Microsoft 's proprietary formats : Windows Media Audio ( WMA ) and Windows Media Video ( WMV ) . Other video formats will either be supported by each individual PMC , or transcoded though Windows Media Player . Media Transfer Protocol ( MTP ) is used for transferring data . All players use a graphical user interface ( GUI ) modeled after Media Center , a software portal bundled with Windows XP Media Center Edition . Manufacturers include Creative , Philips , iriver , Samsung , and Toshiba . The Portable Media Center was succeeded by Zune , and served as the basis for its software . Zune had similar aims to provide a unifying media platform across PCs , devices , and televisions ( 3-screen strategy ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e370efcfc82b02b09018c95cc1c9bf6f", "text": "Samsung Galaxy S5 The Samsung Galaxy S5 is an Android smartphone produced by Samsung Electronics . Unveiled on 24 February 2014 at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona , Spain , it was released on 11 April 2014 in 150 countries as the immediate successor to the Galaxy S4 . As with the S4 , the S5 is an evolution of the prior year 's model , placing a particular emphasis on an improved build with a textured rear cover and IP67 certification for dust and water resistance , a more refined user experience , new security features such as a fingerprint reader and private mode , expanded health features ( such as a built-in heart rate monitor ) , and an updated camera . The Galaxy S5 received mostly positive reviews ; The phone was praised for its display , hardware , camera and battery life but it was criticized for its plastic design , bloated software and the inconsistent fingerprint scanner featured on the phone . In August 2015 , following the release of its latest flagship , the Galaxy S6 , Samsung released an updated version called the `` Galaxy S5 Neo '' which has a Exynos 7 Octa ( 7580 ) processor clocked at 1.6 GHz . It has 2 GB of RAM , 16 GB of internal storage and comes with Android 5.1.1 `` Lollipop '' or Android 4.3 `` Jelly Bean '' depending on carrier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca41d2a3e3c751fd48065270ac29547d", "text": "Virtual Audio Cable Virtual Audio Cable is a WDM multimedia driver that allows a user to transfer audio streams from one application to another . Any application is able to send an audio stream to the input side of a `` virtual cable '' while a corresponding application can receive this stream from the output side . Since all transfers are made digitally , there is no loss in sound quality . VAC is the audio equivalent of a MIDI loopback device such as MultiMid or Hubi . The latest package , VAC 4 , includes 32-bit and 64-bit Windows Vista-compatible versions along with the previous Windows 2000/XP/2003 . VAC is written entirely in object-oriented C++ and has no external dependencies . Windows 98/ME/2000 / XP versions consist of user-mode and kernel-mode components which are compiled from a single source file set . If more than one application is sending audio through an output virtual cable , VAC is able to mix all of the streams together or create separate corresponding virtual input cables . Similarly , more than one application is able to receive audio from an input cable , whether it 's sharing the same audio data with another target or receiving its own personal audio stream . VAC is useful for recording an application 's audio output in almost real time or transferring a sound stream to another application so it may process it . A person could use two or more software audio generators , synthesizers or sequencers to produce audio streams and send them to a VAC output cable and record the mixed stream from the VAC input cable using any type of recording software . Because VAC routes audio streams in almost real time , it is able to be utilized in various manners . A person is capable of using VAC to record an output audio stream from an application that normally does not allow saving the audio to files . A user could also manipulate VAC into recording conversations through Voice Over IP ( VoIP ) or Internet telephony applications such as Skype .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71692a8990011a7be6d703c1b8599355", "text": "Microsoft Azure Microsoft Azure -LSB- ˈæʒər -RSB- is a cloud computing service created by Microsoft for building , deploying , and managing applications and services through a global network of Microsoft-managed data centers . It provides software as a service , platform as a service and infrastructure as a service and supports many different programming languages , tools and frameworks , including both Microsoft-specific and third-party software and systems . Azure was announced in October 2008 and released on February 1 , 2010 as Windows Azure , before being renamed to Microsoft Azure on March 25 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "140ffe0df733c6349b165277c1e0ad91", "text": "Nokia Lumia 928 Nokia Lumia 928 is a high-end smartphone developed by Nokia that runs Microsoft 's Windows Phone 8 operating system . It was announced on May 10 , 2013 , as a Verizon-exclusive variant of the Nokia Lumia 920 . It became available on May 16 , 2013 , on a two-year contract for $ 99.99 in the United States . It is exclusive to the U.S. and Canadian markets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e927f4473c1a69bda19eaa32e61cbb2b", "text": "Simca 5 The Simca 5 is a small Franco-Italian passenger car designed , by Fiat engineers at Turin . It was produced and sold in France by Simca . It was virtually identical to the Fiat 500 Topolino on which it was based , but was first presented , at the company 's new Nanterre plant , three months ahead of the Fiat equivalent on 10 March 1936 . Production was delayed , however , by a wave of strikes , that accompanied the June 1936 electoral victory of Léon Blum 's Popular Front government . The manufacturer boasted at the time of its launch of being ahead of the `` plans across the Rhine '' : this was a reference to the already rumoured launch of the Volkswagen Beetle which would appear only in 1938 . Advanced features included independent front suspension , a four speed gear box , hydraulically controlled drum brakes on all four wheels and a twelve volt electrical system . The Simca 5 also offered exceptional fuel economy ( in a test it managed to travel 110 kilometers on just 5 litres of fuel ) . The car was originally intended for sale on the domestic market for less than 10,000 French Francs , an aspiration soon overtaken by a decline in the currency 's value that gathered pace in the second half of the 1930s . By the time of the 32nd Paris Motor Show in October 1938 , the manufacturer 's listed price even for the base `` standard '' bodied car , was 13,980 francs . With an engine size that corresponded with the 3CV car tax band the Simca 5 , along with its Fiat sibling , could be presented as the `` smallest volume production car in the world '' . Production of the Simca 5 was slowed down ( but did not ever cease entirely ) by the war and the period of German occupation in the early 1940s , but resumed in 1946 . 46,472 of the cars had been produced by the time the car was delisted by Simca in 1949 . By now it had been replaced on the company 's production lines by the similar but partially reskinned and slightly more powerful Simca 6 . This entry is based on a translation of the French Wikipedia corresponding entry", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b8cc58bd7a094585b586c23bb1d4e99", "text": "Xbox One Controller Xbox One Wireless Controller is the primary controller for the Microsoft Xbox One console . The controller maintains the overall layout found in the Xbox 360 controller , but with various tweaks to its design , such as a revised shape , redesigned analog sticks , shoulder buttons , and triggers , along with new vibrators within the triggers to allow for directional haptic feedback . It has had three revisions with several changes to the controller 's design and functionality . Microsoft also markets the Elite Wireless Controller , a premium version geared towards professional gamers , including interchangeable parts and programmability features . In turn , each of the aforementioned variations has been offered in various color schemes , some featuring special designs tying into specific games . Per a partnership between Microsoft and Oculus VR , Xbox One controllers are bundled with the Oculus Rift virtual reality headset .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea1d3667b745296500552792e8283043", "text": "IPod Touch The iPod Touch ( stylized and marketed as iPod touch ) is an iOS-based all-purpose handheld PC designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a user interface that is touchscreen-based . It can be used as a music and video player , digital camera , handheld game device , and personal digital assistant ( PDA ) . It connects to the Internet only through Wi-Fi base stations , does not use cellular network data , and is therefore not a smartphone , though it has a similar design to the iPhone and is often referred to as the `` iPhone without a phone '' . Furthermore , it does not fit in Apple 's iPhone accessories such as their leather cases . As of May 2013 , 100 million iPod Touch units had been sold . It is also the most popular iPod model . iPod touch models are sold by storage space and color , with all models of the same generation typically offering otherwise identical features , processors , and performance , in addition to available operating system upgrades ; an exception was the fifth generation , as the low-end ( 16 GB ) model was initially sold without a rear-facing camera . The current iPod touch is the sixth-generation model , released on July 15 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba7cb49752852dd0a2889ea12dcd247", "text": "Nokia Lumia 735 The Nokia Lumia 735 is a Windows Phone 8.1 smartphone developed by Nokia . Unveiled on 4 September 2014 at IFA Berlin , the device is a smartphone with a particular emphasis on `` selfies '' -- aided by a 5-megapixel , wide-angle front-facing camera . The phone will be released in certain markets in a 3G-only dual SIM version , branded as the Lumia 730 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49edc0e25c4d6f1b4445da248df86afe", "text": "Corporate design A corporate design ( CD ) is the official graphical design of the logo and name of a company or institution used on letterheads , envelopes , forms , folders , brochures , etc. . The house style is created in such a way that all the elements are arranged in a distinctive design and pattern . This includes dictating what ink pantones should be used in the coloring , and what typefaces . Governments may have corporate designs as well . On June 2 , 1999 , the German federal cabinet introduced a corporate design for the flag of Germany . The term ` corporate design ' is not the name of a specific design profession . Corporations do have special design needs based on their behaviors . They communicate their mission , objectives , needs , and product information -- with users , clients , or members ; with suppliers , distributors , service providers ; with the surrounding community and the media ; with financial institutions and other corporations , and with the state . They create , acquire , modify , organize and distribute large amounts of information and raw data , as well as goods and services . ( Sometimes the goods or services are themselves information . For example , The Yellow Pages , or The New York Times . ) A designer whose client is a corporation will include the logo and other elements of the corporate brand as a way to standardize and unify all communication between company and audience , whether in print or online . Scenarios that includes human-computer interactions take place through software and hardware user interfaces that are also branded and designed with the corporate culture in mind . ( Examples of user scenarios : update the Web site , transfer funds , document procedures , control security , operate machinery , plan projects , conduct virtual meetings , check inventory , fill an order , or ship a product . ) These interactions are increasingly taking place through Web sites , through mobile devices and at dedicated terminals , and may include sound , video , animation and user feedback mechanisms . A savvy designer will create designs that can be adapted to all of these applications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eed25df1c08448a486cd71de3ed57bbc", "text": "Australian International Design Awards The Australian International Design Awards is an industry body established by the Industrial Design Council of Australia ( IDCA ) , founded in 1958 . The awards are Australia 's only national design awards for industrial design . Since 1991 , the Australian International Design Awards has been a division of Standards Australia . In 2007 the Australian Design Awards expanded its entry criteria to include all professionally designed products on the Australian market , including products designed in Australia . From 2007 , the Australian Design Awards became known as the Australian International Design Awards to reflect the global nature of the awards . The Australian International Design Awards has been recognised by the Commonwealth Government and the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design as a promotional body for the Australian design industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96577e15c9bb10d8708666db0720016d", "text": "App Installer The App Installer is a software component of Windows 10 , introduced in the 2016 Anniversary Update , used for the installation and maintenance of applications packaged in . appx or . appxbundle installation packages , loosely relational databases with an XML app manifest . The . appx and . appxbundle files contain either a Win32 or a Universal Windows Platform `` EXE file '' , icons for the Start menu and taskbar , a virtualized version of any registry keys needed , and any other assets needed for the installed app to function . It is possible to install . appx and . appxbundle files on Windows 10 without either the installer or the Windows Store by using a command line . However , this requires Developer Mode to be turned on and most users were unaware of this capability . The app installer provides a more user-friendly interface that is opened by clicking on the installation package . The design for the App Installer is similar to the one for the classic Windows Installer , which installs stand-alone MSI and EXE files . It shows the user the app name , the developer , the app 's Start menu tile , and a set of capabilities enabled by the app manifest . If the user clicks the Install button at the bottom right corner , the App Installer checks the app 's signature . Unlike the standalone installer , the App Installer will refuse to install an app without a valid signature . If the signature is valid , the app displays a blue installation progress bar and shows the user a button to launch the app once it is fully installed . The App Installer is physically more flexible than Windows Installer . It can be resized and viewed in full-screen mode and the background changes based on the system-wide light or dark mode . Apps installed with the App Installer can be updated through the Windows Store . It is also possible to update a pre-installed app or app installed through the Windows , so long as version being installed with the App Installer has a higher version number than the one installed on the user 's computer . Since APPX installations are sandboxed , unlike traditional installs , it is possible to run multiple installations at once . It is currently unknown whether themes in an . appx package can be installed with the installer ; currently , all available . appx packages with themes are distributed by Microsoft through the Windows Store .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "deac5a18003369653687aa3ea61310e8", "text": "Sigma Designs Sigma Designs is an American public corporation that designs and builds high-performance system-on-a-chip semiconductor technologies for Internet-based set-top boxes , DVD players/recorders , high-definition televisions , media processors , digital media adapters , portable media players and home connectivity products . In addition to platform processing and home network hardware , Sigma Designs also offers engineering support services and customized integrated circuit development . The company develops products for the following connected media platforms : IPTV ( video over IP ) set-top boxes , TV media players ( such as Blu-ray ) , HDTVs , multimedia players , digital media adapters , portable media players , and home networking products , such as HomePlug AV , HomePNA and G.hn . Sigma Designs owns the intellectual property and is one of two chip makers for the Z-Wave home control technology . Sigma has alliances with other technology companies , including Microsoft , and their products are found in stand-alone full HD multimedia players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df54d47feb1518d7e6685de8d653e45d", "text": "FonePlus FonePlus is a smartphone device that connects to a TV for basic productivity and Internet operations . It was demonstrated on 18 July 2006 by Hugh Teegan , a Mobile Devices architect at Microsoft focusing on emerging markets , and at Microsoft 's Financial Analyst Meeting on 27 July 2006 , by Chief Research and Strategy Officer Craig Mundie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f4fc45f5358f0752026587801c118de", "text": "Scott Oki Scott D. Oki ( born October 5 , 1948 in Seattle , Washington ) is a former senior vice-president of sales and marketing for Microsoft who conceived and built Microsoft 's international operations . Oki also played a crucial role in Microsoft 's rapid domestic growth during the 1980s . Born to a Japanese-American family , Oki attended the University of Washington , but left after 18 months to join the Air Force . While in the service he took courses at the University of Colorado . After he left the service in 1974 , he went on to receive a BA in accounting and information systems and earned an MBA the following year . After holding several computer-related jobs , Oki went to work for Microsoft in 1982 . Oki built Microsoft 's international operations , and within two years it was more profitable than Microsoft 's domestic operation . Bill Gates then made him Vice President of Domestic Operation , and within five years , the company 's sales rose from $ 100 million to $ 1 billion . One of Oki 's major contributions to Microsoft 's success during that time was convincing Bill Gates and the board of directors to center product development and marketing efforts on Windows instead of OS/2 . By the time he retired Oki was overseeing 3,000 employees . When Oki retired in 1992 , he reportedly cashed in stock options estimated at $ 100 million . He now runs the non-profit Oki Foundation , owns several golf courses , and serves on dozens of advisory boards and boards of directors for both for-profit and non-profit companies . Oki is the Co-Chair of the United Way of King County Campaign Board and Co-Chair of the Million Dollar Roundtable , Founder and Chairman of the Japanese American Chamber of Commerce , Founder and Co-President of the Chief Seattle Council Boy Scout Foundation , Co-Founder of Sounders For Kids , Co-Founder of America 's Foundation for Chess , Co-Founder of SeeYourImpact.org and Co-Founder of Social Venture Partners . He is a past-President of the Board of Regents for the University of Washington and a past Chair of Seattle Children 's Hospital Foundation . Scott also serves on the national boards for United Way of America , Boys & Girls Clubs of America , Japanese American National Museum , and the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Team Foundation . Scott Oki is a member of the National Executive Board of the Boy Scouts of America , the organization 's governing body . Oki Golf In 1994 , Scott Oki purchased The Golf Club at Echo Falls in Snohomish , Washington . This initial acquisition was the preliminary step toward building what eventually became a unique portfolio of golf properties known collectively as Oki Golf . This collection has grown to include nine properties comprising eleven championship golf courses , both public and private , spread throughout the Puget Sound . In addition to The Golf Club at Echo Falls , the Oki Golf portfolio also includes Indian Summer Golf & Country Club in Olympia , Washington ( private ) , The Plateau Club in Sammamish , Washington ( private ) , and The Woodlands and The Links courses ( formerly Meriwood and Vicwood -- both public ) at The Golf Club at Hawks Prairie in Lacey , Washington . The flagship courses in Oki Golf 's celebrated collection are located at The Golf Club at Newcastle in Newcastle , WA . Two additional golf properties were added to the group in December 2005 . Washington National Golf Club ( public ) in Auburn , WA , and Trophy Lake Golf & Casting ( public ) in Port Orchard , WA . ( source : okigolf.com ) In the winter of 2007 , Oki Golf added Harbour Pointe ( public ) in Mukilteo , Washington . An additional property - Trilogy Golf Course ( public ) - was purchased in 2008 and has since been renamed to The Golf Club at Redmond Ridge . During October , 2016 , Oki sold eight of his golf courses for $ 137 million dollars to Chinese based HNA Holdings . Ownership of commercial real property by foreign businesses is prohibited in China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a8a9cefe507f9f791b0a82df55cdcbc", "text": "Western Digital Western Digital Corporation ( commonly referred to as Western Digital and often abbreviated as WDC or WD ) is an American computer data storage company and one of the largest computer hard disk drive manufacturers in the world , along with Seagate Technology . Western Digital Corporation has a long history in the electronics industry as an integrated circuit maker and a storage products company . Western Digital was founded on April 23 , 1970 , by Alvin B. Phillips , a Motorola employee , as General Digital , initially ( and briefly ) a manufacturer of MOS test equipment . It rapidly became a speciality semiconductor maker , with start-up capital provided by several individual investors and industrial giant Emerson Electric . Around July 1971 , it adopted its current name and soon introduced its first product , the WD1402A UART .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a84d1b93de50bf2bfb589e540545789", "text": "Innovative Communications Alliance The Innovative Communications Alliance ( ICA ) is a telecommunications alliance between Microsoft and Nortel , created in July 2006 , to co-develop , integrate , market , sell , and support unified communications products . The goal of the alliance is to make integrated hardware and software solutions that join together voice , video , and data communications without requiring gateways or middleware . Microsoft and Nortel share developing technologies and patents for unified communications products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26a061e8a2bf08e09f601bd34e29e52d", "text": "High5Collective The High5Collective , often abbreviated H5C , is a group of independent visual artists based in Los Angeles , California . As a production team , they began releasing videos in May 2011 . The collective gained exposure mainly through the Indy blogosphere , but also received some support from larger websites such as Pitchfork , Rolling Stone , and The Huffington Post . In November 2011 they got signed to Partizan , an award-winning production company . H5C 's website provides the following information : `` We make art for artists that inspire us . New videos every couple weeks . Enjoy the art , bitches . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
c24d6c77c7e46940760b159832ffcae1	The Incredibles was pitched by Brad Bird.	[ { "docid": "60da3e3301f0b0fa27ad746aa66d563b", "text": "The Incredibles The Incredibles is a 2004 American computer-animated superhero film written and directed by Brad Bird , produced by Pixar Animation Studios , and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The film follows a family of superheroes who are forced to hide their powers and live a quiet suburban life . Mr. Incredible 's desire to help people draws the entire family into a battle with his longtime enemy -- Syndrome , who was once his fan and now plots to wipe out every single superhuman being on Earth with his killer robot . Bird , who was Pixar 's first outside director , developed the film as an extension of 1960s comic books and spy films from his boyhood and personal family life . He pitched the film to Pixar after the box office disappointment of his first feature , The Iron Giant ( 1999 ) , and carried over much of its staff to develop The Incredibles . The animation team was tasked with animating an all-human cast , which required creating new technology to animate detailed human anatomy , clothing and realistic skin and hair . Michael Giacchino composed the film 's orchestral score . The film premiered on October 27 , 2004 , at the BFI London Film Festival and had its general release in the United States on November 5 , 2004 . The film performed well at the box office , grossing $ 633 million worldwide during its original theatrical run . The Incredibles was met with high critical acclaim , garnering high marks from professional critics , and provoking commentary on its themes . The film received the 2004 Annie Award for Best Animated Feature , along with two Academy Awards . It became the first entirely animated film to win the prestigious Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation . A sequel , The Incredibles 2 , is scheduled for release on June 15 , 2018 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f13d8108b44d15886f05fa1f65506ea8", "text": "Fantastic Voyage Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 American science fiction film directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Harry Kleiner , based on a story by Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby . The film is about a submarine crew who shrink to microscopic size and venture into the body of an injured scientist to repair the damage to his brain . The original story took place in the 19th century and was meant to be a Jules Verne -- style adventure with a sense of wonder . Kleiner abandoned all but the concept of miniaturization and added a Cold War element . The film starred Stephen Boyd , Raquel Welch , Edmond O'Brien , and Donald Pleasence . Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it . Because the novelization was released six months before the movie , many people mistakenly believed the film was based on Asimov 's book . The movie inspired an animated television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "004eeaf81d0c5bf964a00fb1f91a404c", "text": "Eclipse Park Eclipse Park was the name of three successive baseball grounds in Louisville , Kentucky in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . They were the home of the Louisville baseball team first known as the Louisville Eclipse and later as the Louisville Colonels . Semi-pro baseball had been played at the first Eclipse Park as early as 1874 . The Louisville Eclipse played there from 1882 to 1884 . The team was then renamed the Louisville Colonels and continued to play under that name from 1885 to 1893 . The team was a member of the American Association until 1891 when it joined the National League when the American Association folded . The original park was located at 28th and Elliott streets in west Louisville . The second Eclipse Park was built across the street from the original at 28th and Broadway . The Louisville Colonels played there from 1893 to 1899 . This is the ground at which Hall of Famer Honus Wagner made his Major League debut on July 19 , 1897 . The unusual name for these ballparks derived from the original name of the Association club , the Eclipse . The more local name `` Colonels '' eventually won out . Nonetheless , `` Eclipse '' was among the early team names to be a singular word , despite sounding like a plural . A destructive fire in 1899 contributed significantly to the once-strong Louisville club being contracted after the end of the season . Team owner Barney Dreyfuss moved on to acquire the Pittsburgh Pirates . Instead of being scattered to the wind , the best players from the Louisville team roster were brought onto the Pittsburgh payroll , including Wagner , third baseman Tommy Leach , outfielder-manager Fred Clarke , and ace right-hander Deacon Phillippe . This `` hybrid vigor '' effect soon turned the perennial cellar-dwelling Pirates into a three-peat pennant winner , and a participant in the first modern World Series . The third and last Eclipse Park was located at the corner of 7th and Kentucky streets in the Limerick neighborhood of Louisville . This ballpark was built by George `` White Wings '' Tebeau as the home for the American Association minor league Louisville Colonels who played there from 1902 through 1922 . All three Eclipse Park locations were destroyed by fire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec681dca20cecebf70bb5cb65c683a49", "text": "Ace (baseball) In baseball , an ace is the best starting pitcher on a team and nearly always the first pitcher in the team 's starting rotation . Barring injury or exceptional circumstances , an ace typically starts on Opening Day . In addition , aces are usually preferred to start crucial playoff games , sometimes on three days rest . The term may be a derivation of the nickname of Asa Brainard , ( real first name : `` Asahel '' ) , a 19th-century star pitcher , who was sometimes referred to as `` Ace '' . In the early days of baseball , the term `` ace '' was used to refer to a run . A lot of modern baseball analysts and fans have started using the term `` ace '' to refer to the elite pitchers in the game , not necessarily to the best starting pitcher on each team . For example , the April 27 , 1981 Sports Illustrated cover was captioned `` The Amazing A 's and Their Five Aces '' to describe the starting rotation of the 1981 Oakland Athletics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2883d909cfb975b728029f3858aa3b30", "text": "Survival of the Fittest (The Spectacular Spider-Man) `` Survival of the Fittest '' is the pilot episode of the animated television series The Spectacular Spider-Man , which is based on the comic book character Spider-Man , created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko . The episode was written and directed by the series developers , Greg Weisman and Victor Cook . In the episode , Spider-Man ( Josh Keaton ) faces the evil Vulture ( Robert Englund ) as he begins his junior year in high school . Sony Entertainment originally conceived The Spectacular Spider-Man as a series of four DVDs , and asked Weisman and Cook to develop it . The central idea was to follow Spider-Man in his younger years in the comics ; Weisman and Cook wanted to incorporate the styles of the early comic publications by Lee and Ditko . Reviewers have cited other influences in the themes , such as the live action film series and the Ultimate Spider-Man '' continuity . `` Survival of the Fittest '' originally aired on March 8 , 2008 , on the Kids ' WB block on The CW . It had previously been shown to a large audience at the 2008 WonderCon . The episode was the highest rated program of the Kids WB ! 2007-2008 combined with the second episode `` Interactions '' and alone received a Nielsen rating of 1.2 / 3 . It was well received by critics , IGN calling it `` a Spider-Man story that feels like classic Spider-Man , and that 's a good thing . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7b9bfb74e4433865289ed457437dfc6", "text": "Amazing (Aerosmith song) `` Amazing '' is a power ballad performed by the American hard rock band Aerosmith . Don Henley lends his vocals shadowing lead singer Steven Tyler in parts of this song . It was written by Tyler and a longtime band friend and collaborator Richie Supa . It peaked at # 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 , # 3 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , and # 9 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart , and # 57 in the UK . On the album Get a Grip , as soon as the song ends , a radio is heard being tuned into a recording of `` Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well '' , recorded by Lucky Millinder . Tyler says , `` So from all of us at Aerosmith to all of you out there , wherever you are , remember : the light at the end of the tunnel may be you . Good night . '' Millinder 's orchestra plays as the music fades out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1fb19dc6cf7273706e92ea62b484868", "text": "Gerry Anderson Gerry Anderson , MBE ( born Gerald Alexander Abrahams ; 14 April 1929 -- 26 December 2012 ) was an English television and film producer , director , writer and occasional voice artist . He remains famous for his futuristic television programmes , especially his 1960s productions filmed with `` Supermarionation '' ( marionette puppets containing electric moving parts ) . Anderson 's first television production was the 1957 Roberta Leigh children 's series The Adventures of Twizzle . Supercar ( 1961 -- 62 ) and Fireball XL5 ( 1962 ) followed later , both series breaking into the US television market in the early 1960s . In the mid-1960s Anderson produced his most successful series , Thunderbirds . Other television productions of the 1960s include Stingray and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons . Anderson also wrote and produced several feature films whose box office performance was unexceptional . Following a shift towards live action productions in the 1970s , he had a long and successful association with media impresario Lew Grade and Grade 's company ITC , continuing until the second series of Space : 1999 . After a career lull when a number of new series concepts failed to get off the ground , his career began a new phase in the early 1980s when audience nostalgia for his earlier Supermarionation series ( prompted by Saturday morning re-runs in Britain and Australia ) led to new Anderson productions being commissioned . Later projects include a 2005 CGI remake of Captain Scarlet entitled Gerry Anderson 's New Captain Scarlet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b6cdd4d90b8ec5e20c17ad88e0628c8", "text": "Springfield (IL) Cardinals The Springfield Cardinals were a minor league baseball team located in Springfield , Illinois . The team played in the Midwest League from 1982 to 1993 and were an affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals . The team played in Lanphier Park on the northside of Springfield . Affectionately known as the `` Baby Birds '' , their chief rival was the Peoria Chiefs , then an affiliate of the Cubs . The declining condition of Lanphier Park , last renovated in 1978 , led to the relocation of the franchise to Madison , Wisconsin for the 1994 season , where they were known as the Madison Hatters . The Hatters , in turn , moved to Battle Creek , Michigan to become the Michigan Battle Cats . While playing in Battle Creek , the franchise became the Battle Creek Yankees and the Southwest Michigan Devil Rays before moving to Midland , Michigan where they now play as the Great Lakes Loons . The Cardinals were generally successful , finishing with a winning record in nine of their 12 seasons . In post-season play they were less successful , as they lost four times in the first round of the league 's two-round , four-team playoffs and lost in the championship round in their other four appearances . The league 's records , however , recognize both the winner of the post-season playoffs and the team with the highest overall season record as champions , and the Cardinals led the league in regular season play twice , in 1986 and 1987 . Their overall record during their 12 seasons in Springfield was 917 -- 743 , for a .552 winning percentage . The team also helped develop more than 50 players who advanced to Major League Baseball . Among the young Springfield players who went on to successful major league careers were Bernard Gilkey , Ray Lankford , Jeff Fassero , Dmitri Young , and Todd Zeile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c81dc7d7806ee1a4a0ed2b184c367ab1", "text": "1967 St. Louis Cardinals season The 1967 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team 's 86th season in St. Louis , Missouri , its 76th season in the National League , and its first full season at Busch Memorial Stadium . Gussie Busch hired former outfielder Stan Musial as general manager before the season . Featuring four future Hall of Famers in Lou Brock , Bob Gibson , Steve Carlton and Orlando Cepeda , `` El Birdos '' went 101 -- 60 during the season and won the NL pennant by 10 1/2 games over the San Francisco Giants . They went on to win the 1967 World Series in seven games over the Boston Red Sox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db5443e04ee56d851b08e5d766e8298e", "text": "George Pipgras George William Pipgras ( December 20 , 1899 -- October 19 , 1986 ) was an American right-handed starting pitcher and umpire in Major League Baseball . Known as `` The Danish Viking '' , he spent most of his playing career with the New York Yankees , breaking in as a rookie in 1923 . He spent the 1925 and 1926 seasons in the minor leagues , and became a starter in the rotation for the first time with the legendary team . Pipgras lead the American League in wins with a 24 -- 13 , 3.38 ERA record for the following year 's 1928 repeat champions . After ending his 11-year career with the Boston Red Sox , he became an AL umpire from 1938 to 1946 . He was the umpire behind the plate in one of baseball 's most dramatic wins ever : on September 30 , 1945 , at St. Louis ' Sportsman 's Park , when Hank Greenberg hit a ninth inning Grand Slam , after Pipgras suggested to Greenberg that the game should be called on account of darkness . Greenberg convinced him that he could still see the ball , so the game proceeded . The next pitch was hit over the fence and the Tigers won the pennant , and eventually the 1945 World Series . His younger brother Ed pitched briefly for the 1932 Brooklyn Dodgers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c02c07776f5e6cfb18d156c9d333181c", "text": "Chuck Stobbs Charles Klein Stobbs ( July 2 , 1929 -- July 11 , 2008 ) was a Major League Baseball pitcher for the Boston Red Sox ( 1947 -- 51 ) , Chicago White Sox ( 1952 ) , Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins ( 1953 -- 58 and 1959 -- 61 ) and St. Louis Cardinals ( 1958 ) . He led the American League in walks per nine innings pitched ( 2.03 ) in 1956 and led the American League in losses ( 20 ) and earned runs allowed ( 126 ) in . Stobbs is best remembered as the pitcher who gave up an estimated 565 feet home run to Mickey Mantle that flew entirely out of Griffith Stadium in 1953 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08a6964726a42a6af059ab5d2209959d", "text": "The Early Bird Dood It! The Early Bird Dood It ! is a 1942 MGM cartoon directed by Tex Avery and produced by Fred Quimby . Composer of cartoon was Scott Bradley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f17e06a926de79a1ea38b53fd43c2e02", "text": "Brad J. Lamb Brad J. Lamb is a Canadian real estate broker and condominium developer . He had a reality television show named Big City Broker on the HGTV network for several years . The show focused on the workings of his real estate brokerage , `` Brad J. Lamb Realty Inc. . '' Lamb was born in Vancouver , BC , Canada . His father was an Air Canada pilot and his mother a registered nurse . In 1967 , the family moved to Montreal , where they settled in the Beaconsfield neighbourhood . Lamb attended Queen 's University , where he obtained a degree in engineering . Lamb purchased his first property in London , Ontario in 1984 . Early on , Lamb noted how much his real estate agent was earning on his property deals . A few years after his graduation , bored with his engineering sales position , he obtained his real estate license . Lamb went to work for Harry Stinson 's real estate company in 1988 and became a specialist in selling condominiums in central Toronto . He quickly became Stinson 's top agent , making $ 250,000 in his first year . In 1995 , he left Stinson to start his own firm , Brad J. Lamb Realty . In 2001 , Lamb founded Lamb Development Corporation . It specializes in high style condominium projects , such as Flatiron Lofts , Worklofts , Glas , Parc , King Charlotte , Gotham Ottawa , The Harlowe , Theatre Park and Brant Park . The company has spread beyond Toronto to build and develop structures in Ottawa , Montreal , Calgary , Edmonton and Hamilton . Despite the boutique-style size , his agency became one of the most prominent sellers of condominiums in Toronto . In 2007 , at the height of the property boom , his company 's agents sold some 2,000 condos worth over $ 800 million . When the market slowed in 2008 , the firm still moved about $ 525 million in real estate . According to Lamb 's website , his agents have sold over 22,000 condominiums for over $ 8 billion as of 2016 . Lamb is known for his billboards , particularly a 2007 series of ads that depicted a lamb with Lamb 's head and the slogan `` This Lamb Sells Condos . '' He has become `` a household name in Toronto '' and is often featured in the media as a real estate expert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86261b8a65cc50f2f8f37aae340f3605", "text": "The Twelfth Man The Twelfth Man ( also known as The 12th Man ) is the name for a series of comedy productions by Australian satirist Billy Birmingham . Birmingham , a skilled impersonator , is generally known for parodying Australian sports commentators ' voices . As befits the name ( a reference to the non-playing reserve in an eleven-player cricket side ) , Birmingham particularly focuses on cricket commentators such as Richie Benaud , Bill Lawry and Tony Greig . This is also because many of Australia 's cricket commentators have distinctive and easily identifiable voices and accents . The parodies , released periodically on CD , are designed as a comical look `` behind the scenes '' of the Nine Network 's cricket commentary . Birmingham traditionally plays all the roles ( with the exception of Ken Sutcliffe , who played himself ; and some minor female characters , such as Richie Benaud 's secretary ) . Benaud himself sent a critique of each CD to Birmingham and was known to have a mixed opinion of the recordings , due predominantly to Birmingham 's use of profanity . All albums were produced and engineered by David Frogatt . The 12th Man 's most popular song is `` Marvellous ! '' featuring all the main three commentators . It was first recorded as a single in 1991 , with backing vocals by Jimmy Barnes , John Farnham , Diesel and Glenn Shorrock among others . An updated version , with some of the commentators changed , was featured on Still the 12th Man . He has since released an updated version of the song entitled `` Marvellous 2006 '' on his latest album Boned ! . It can be heard at the 12th Man 's MySpace . In an article in the Sydney Morning Herald on 22 November 2009 , Birmingham announced that Boned ! would be his last studio album as The Twelfth Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "981c14638f27478e0ae858b1970910a8", "text": "Miracle of Flight Miracle of Flight is a 1974 short animated comedy film written and directed by Terry Gilliam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e207e0f6c75e299c69ad4bf99c748865", "text": "Herschel Lynn Greer Herschel Lynn Greer ( 1906 -- March 19 , 1976 ) was a prominent businessman and the first president of Vols , Inc. , an ownership group organized in 1959 for the purpose of keeping the Nashville Vols minor league baseball franchise in Nashville , Tennessee . Greer worked in the financial sector , co-organizing Guaranty Mortgage Company in 1940 . He served as its President and Chairman of the Board until 1969 . In January 1959 , Greer and thirteen other Nashville businessmen , including country music star Eddy Arnold , formed Vols , Inc. . The company sold 4,876 shares of stock at $ 5 each . Vols , Inc. was successful in keeping the Nashville Vols in the city from 1959 to 1961 . The Southern Association , of which the Vols were members , collapsed in 1961 , and as a result the team did not play in 1962 . In 1963 , the Vols played one final season in the South Atlantic League . The team had a debt of $ 22,000 that could not be paid , forcing the ownership group to surrender their franchise to the league . This was the last year that professional baseball was played at Sulphur Dell ballpark , the home of the Vols , before it was demolished in 1969 . Greer died in 1976 . Two years later , in 1978 , Larry Schmittou brought the Nashville Sounds , an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League , to Nashville . The Greer family donated $ 25,000 for construction of the team 's new stadium . The ballpark was named `` Herschel Greer Stadium '' in his honor . Greer Stadium served as the home of the Sounds from 1978 through 2014 , after which they left the stadium for a new ballpark , First Tennessee Park , built on the same site as Sulphur Dell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d87afdbf68bd9d3235aa48e5e4b068d8", "text": "Sarah Bird Sarah Bird is an American novelist , screenwriter , and journalist . She was born in 1949 in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Her father was an officer in the US Air Force , and her family ( a `` Catholic family of eight '' ) , including her mother , Colista Bird , travelled with him around the US and the world during her childhood . Sarah 's mother recognized signs of her daughter 's creative storytelling talent as young as kindergarten . She attended the University of New Mexico , earning a BA there in 1973 . Moving to the University of Texas at Austin , she went on to receive an MA in journalism there in 1976 . She is married to George Jones , and has one son , Gabriel Bird-Jones , born in 1989 . The family lives in Austin , Texas . During the mid-eighties , Bird was a founding contributing-editor to Austin 's Third Coast Magazine , for which she wrote numerous feature and humor articles . Bird 's first published novel was Do Evil Cheerfully , a mystery ( as Sarah McCabe Bird ) . In 1986 , her comic novel Alamo House was published based on her experience as a graduate student at the University of Texas . Bird wrote the screenplay for the movie Do n't Tell Her It 's Me ( 1990 , starring Shelley Long and Steve Guttenberg ) , adapting the Boyfriend School novel . The Boyfriend School and The Mommy Club , published by Ballantine in 1989 and 1991 , respectively , were both humorous novels drawing on Bird 's life experiences . In addition to novels , Bird has written screenplays for television and magazine articles for national women 's magazines . She writes a column for Texas Monthly . Virgin of the Rodeo was published in 1999 . Bird was named Austin 's best author in 2001 by the Austin Chronicle , the year she also published The Yokota Officers Club , a novel that draws on her experiences as military brat . She has also written screenplays for the National Geographic Channel and Hallmark , as well as the CBS movie Yesterday 's Children . Another novel , The Flamenco Academy , came out in 2006 . A new novel , How Perfect Is That , was published by Knopf in June 2008 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2e493d840ec7c99523eb17bf5a169b91	Jimmy Wales is from America.	[ { "docid": "688ee00a8c34274f1d5ae0580a53fb6a", "text": "Jimmy Wales Jimmy Donal `` Jimbo '' Wales ( -LSB- 'd ʒɪmi_ˈdoʊnəl_ˈweɪlz -RSB- born August 7 , 1966 in Huntsville , Alabama ) is an American Internet entrepreneur . He is the co-founder of Wikipedia , the online non-profit encyclopedia , and the for-profit web hosting company Wikia . Wales was born in Huntsville , Alabama , where he attended Randolph School , a university-preparatory school . Later , he earned bachelor 's and master 's degrees in Finance from Auburn University and the University of Alabama , respectively . While in graduate school , Wales taught at two universities ; however , he departed before completing a PhD to take a job in finance , and later worked as the Research Director of a Chicago , Illinois , futures and options firm . In 1996 , he and two partners founded Bomis , an adult web portal featuring entertainment and adult content . The company would provide the initial funding for the peer-reviewed free encyclopedia , Nupedia ( 2000 -- 03 ) , and its successor , Wikipedia . On January 15 , 2001 , with Larry Sanger and others , Wales launched Wikipedia -- a free , open content encyclopedia that enjoyed rapid growth and popularity ; as Wikipedia 's public profile grew , he became the project 's promoter and spokesman . He is historically cited as a co-founder of Wikipedia , though he has disputed the `` co - '' designation , declaring himself the sole founder . Wales serves on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees , the non-profit charitable organization that he helped establish to operate Wikipedia , holding its board-appointed `` community founder '' seat . In 2004 , he co-founded Wikia , a for-profit wiki hosting service . His role in creating Wikipedia , which has become the world 's largest encyclopedia , prompted Time Magazine to name him in their 2006 list of `` The 100 Most Influential People in the World '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "87df27017f21862baf2a82e7dc453a3e", "text": "Jimmy's Winning Matches `` Jimmy 's Winning Matches '' , originally called `` Jimmy Selling Watches '' , is a song performed by Rory and the Island -- and the anthem of Donegal 's march towards the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final . Considered an Internet and YouTube sensation , `` Jimmy 's Winning Matches '' hit number one on the iTunes chart . With the title referring to Donegal manager Jim McGuinness , the song has been compared both to the legendary sports anthem `` Put 'Em Under Pressure '' as well as the iconic song `` Give It a Lash Jack '' . Morning Ireland , normally a conservative public service programme on RTÉ Radio 1 dealing with formal issues such as politics , played the song on consecutive days after Donegal won the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final . Numerous alternative versions have emerged on YouTube , including one by a `` four-year old kid '' and one from an `` accordion-wielding band '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16b92f4b39ffe263e00b499b03fa6a45", "text": "The Barry Horns The Barry Horns are an eleven-piece brass band , made up of fans of the Welsh national football team . Formed in 2011 , the band 's name is a homage to retired Welsh footballer Barry Horne . The band has a five-point mission statement called the Barryfesto , which notes that the band exists in order to unite Welsh football with the power of horns to put tunes on the terraces to bring hope where there is mathematical impossibility to replace plastic hooters with brass ones to win at life when we ca n't win at football . Musically the band play a variety of songs , many of which are associated with Wales and/or football , including `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' , `` Just Ca n't Get Enough '' and `` Pick Up the Pieces '' . The Barry Horns ' first public appearance was outside the Wales v England World Cup Qualifying match in Cardiff on 26 March 2011 . They also appeared at the Welsh Cup Final in the same year , which was broadcast on S4C . Their other media appearances include performing on BBC1 's flagship football programme Football Focus , BBC Radio Five Live and in a short promotional campaign for BBC Wales ' coverage of Welsh national football . In December 2011 , they were the house band on the Jamie and Louise programme on BBC Radio Wales , playing a variety of Christmas related songs including an interpretation of East 17 's ` Stay Another Day ' . In February 2012 , The Barry Horns released a video for their version of the Rocky theme , which they recorded as the anthem for Wales 's World Cup 2014 qualifying campaign . The video featured members of the band in various training scenarios as a parody of the training montage from the film . In December 2013 , the band released a cover of the song `` Only You '' , 30 years after the cover by The Flying Pickets had earned a Christmas Number 1 . The recording failed to make the UK charts but proceeds were donated to the charity Prostate Cymru , with a dedication made to the Flying Pickets ' lead vocalist , Brian Hibbard , who died of prostate cancer in 2012 . A music video released on YouTube paid homage to the original Pickets video from 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61206b764e1fe69db4c006e2524750cf", "text": "The Ireland That We Dreamed Of `` On Language & the Irish Nation '' , was the title of a radio address made by Éamon de Valera , then Taoiseach of Ireland , on Raidió Éireann on St. Patrick 's Day ( 17 March ) 1943 . It is often called The Ireland that we dreamed of , a phrase which is used within it , or the `` comely maidens '' ' speech , a misquotation . The speech marked the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Gaelic League ( Conradh na Gaeilge ) , a group promoting Irish culture and the Irish language . In the most frequently quoted passage of the speech , de Valera set out his vision of an ideal Ireland : De Valera had made an annual radio speech on St Patrick 's Day since coming to power after the 1932 election . At the time the 1943 speech was made , the Second World War was raging and the threat of German invasion ( Operation Green ) or British re-occupation ( Plan W ) was very real . The 1943 speech in later years has been critiqued and often derided as archetypal of de Valera 's traditionalist view of an isolationist , agricultural land where women held a traditional role . The phrase most commonly cited in this regard is the misquotation `` comely maidens dancing at the crossroads '' . The speech in fact made no mention of crossroads dances , a rural tradition then dying out . Although de Valera actually said `` happy maidens '' in the broadcast , the phrase was `` comely maidens '' in the prepared text sent in advance to the newspapers , printed in the following day 's Irish Press , and reprinted in Maurice Moynihan 's 1980 anthology . It was a double LP record of speeches from the RTÉ archives , released in 1982 on the centenary of his birth , which brought the correct wording back to public notice . In 2007 , J. J. Lee and Diarmaid Ferriter argued for a reappraisal of the speech in the light of the Celtic Tiger consumption bubble and the Moriarty Tribunal revelations of corruption by 1980s Taoiseach Charles Haughey . Lee suggested de Valera 's `` Victorian language '' gave his vision an antiquated tone that hid the continuing relevance of much of its vision . Ferriter called it `` the most famous broadcast by any Irish politician of the twentieth century '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96f80f367ce2935502004757f7013e37", "text": "John Jeffery James John Jeffery ( born 26 February 1945 ) is a former Wales rugby union international .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9344b0bc0fe5043605caf1486fde048", "text": "Together Stronger (C'mon Wales) `` Together Stronger ( C'mon Wales ) '' is a song by Manic Street Preachers , released as a single in May 2016 . This song is the official song for the Wales national team ahead of UEFA Euro 2016 . All profits from the song will go to the Princes Gate Trust and Tenovus Cancer Care . On the week of its release the single failed to make the UK top 100 singles yet managed to chart at No. 1 on the physical singles releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "569426694078c84da9cacc4dfe6a3f0b", "text": "Jimmy Rollins James Calvin Rollins ( born November 27 , 1978 ) , nicknamed `` J-Roll '' , is an American professional baseball shortstop who is currently a free agent . In past years he played for the Philadelphia Phillies from 2000 to 2014 , the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2015 , and the Chicago White Sox in 2016 . After growing up in Alameda , California , and attending Encinal High School , Rollins was drafted by the Phillies in the second round of the 1996 MLB draft , spending most of five seasons with Phillies minor league teams before earning a promotion to the MLB team . In Philadelphia , Rollins earned a reputation as an excellent defensive shortstop . In July 2001 , Rollins became the Phillies ' leadoff hitter , a role he retained for almost ten years . He made three All-Star Game appearances early in his career . While a Phillie , Rollins compiled a 38-game hitting streak , which spanned the end of the 2005 season and the start of the 2006 season , the longest in team history . Rollins was named the National League Most Valuable Player in 2007 , as the Phillies won their division in the first of five consecutive seasons . He was also a key component of the 2008 World Series champion team . In his final season with the Phillies , he became the franchise 's all-time leader in hits . During the offseason , he was traded to the Dodgers for the 2015 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62b1cb8a1bc607296787c01610a012b0", "text": "The Girlfriends The Girlfriends were an American girl group who scored one hit in the United States in 1964 , `` My One and Only Jimmy Boy '' . The group was founded as a result of the splintering of the Los Angeles-based studio group The Blossoms . The four members of the Blossoms - Gloria Jones , Nanette Williams , Fanita James , and Darlene Wright - first sang together in 1957 . In 1962 , Phil Spector created the group Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans with James and Wright ; Jones and Williams then formed their own group , The Girlfriends , with Carolyn Willis ( formerly of The Ikettes ) . They released one single , `` My One and Only Jimmy Boy '' , on Colpix Records in 1963 , written and produced by David Gates . The record peaked at # 49 in 1964 . The Girlfriends never released another record . Willis later joined Honey Cone and both she and Jones sang in one of the nostalgia-circuit groups performing as The Shirelles in the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efafb3c206b68d37dfa336a0331c7a64", "text": "Jimmywork Jimmywork is a 2004 mockumentary film written and directed by Simon Sauvé and produced by Atopia . On the eve of his 50th birthday Jimmy W finds himself at the cross roads of his existence . For him it 's now or never . The time has come to become rich and maybe even famous . Pretending to be an American Producer , he offers his services to the St-Tite Rodeo to develop an ad campaign to attract American tourists . Charmed as much by his demeanor as well as by his proposition , the Rodeo organizers call him in for a meeting to present his project . The meeting turns out to be a complete fiasco . Suspicious about Jimmy , they politely turn him down . Jimmy returns home furious and determined to get his revenge . Operating from his kitchen , he plans an elaborate scheme to extort the beer stock from the Rodeo valued at a quarter of million dollars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "386ba043ad8a35b266a74e43624cf033", "text": "Jimmy Jones Jimmy Jones may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "809debc50290939b0a441d22a591fe44", "text": "Non-Hispanic whites Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin or `` Anglo '' '' ' , '' are people in the United States who , as defined by the Census Bureau , are considered racially white and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity . Non-Hispanic whites are a subcategory of white Americans , the other being white Hispanic and Latino Americans . Although generally all nations in Europe have contributed to the white population through emigration to Northern America in the last few centuries , the majority of non-Hispanic whites trace their origins to Northwestern Europe while other major sources originate in Southern and Eastern Europe ; German , Irish , and English ancestries are the most common . In the United States , this population was first derived from English ( and , to a lesser degree , French ) settlement of the Americas , as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century ( see History of the United States ) . Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries , especially Germany , Ireland , England , Spain , Greece , Sweden and Norway , as well as Poland , Russia , and many more countries . In 2011 , for the first time in U.S. history , non-Hispanic whites accounted for under half of the births in the country , with 49.6 % of total births . At 197.2 million in 2012 , non-Hispanic whites comprise 62.8 % of the total U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f27f79ec55e2ae1106f52e2a8ea32d3", "text": "Jimmy Dean Jimmy Ray Dean ( August 10 , 1928 -- June 13 , 2010 ) was an American country music singer , television host , actor , and businessman , best known today as the creator of the Jimmy Dean sausage brand . He became a national television personality starting on CBS in 1957 . He rose to fame for his 1961 country crossover hit `` Big Bad John '' and his 1963 ABC television series , The Jimmy Dean Show , which also gave puppeteer Jim Henson his first national media exposure . His acting career included a supporting role as Willard Whyte in the James Bond movie , Diamonds Are Forever ( 1971 ) . He lived near Richmond , Virginia , and was nominated for the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2010 , although he was formally inducted posthumously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7567682f62a85b100f96bdf73ba41d31", "text": "1968 Wales rugby union tour of Argentina The 1968 Wales rugby union tour of Argentina was a collection of friendly rugby union games undertaken by the Wales national rugby union team to Argentina . The tour also took in five matches against Argentine regional and invitational teams with one test against South Africa . This was the first official Wales tour to the southern hemisphere . It was the first Welsh tour in Argentina : before only South Africa , Ireland and France national teams , visited Argentina and South America . Despite the fact that the Welsh Rugby Union did n't considered them as official , the two matches against Argentina national team were official test matches for Argentina . It was a big surprise that the `` Pumas '' won the series with a victory and a draw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ffc98b2a1e3faf8dc6f62b0ef502ee", "text": "The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 . The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles . The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago . The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) . The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 . Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . '' Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) . The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0247dd46883061e2d8bbeb71f8fb0fd", "text": "Seven Nations (band) Seven Nations is a Celtic rock band that formed in New York City in 1993 . The name comes from the seven Celtic nations , including Scotland , Ireland , Wales , Brittany , Cornwall , the Isle of Man , and Galicia . The band tours extensively and has played in many diverse venues , from small bars to concert halls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a48ced9e02dcd564baeb69f3b7623ae", "text": "Jane Wales Jane Wales ( born 1948 ) is an American executive who has served on the boards of directors of many institutions . In 2015 , she is the CEO of the Global Philanthropy Forum , President and CEO of the World Affairs Council and Vice President of Philanthropy and Society at the Aspen Institute . Wales is Board Chair of FSG and a member of the board of Center for a New American Security . She also hosts the NPR interview show `` World Affairs '' , produced through KQED-FM .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6023dd5eed0d265552aa5239e35a4aad", "text": "J. C. Banks Jimmy `` J. C. '' Banks ( born August 24 , 1989 in Milwaukee , Wisconsin ) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Jacksonville Armada FC in the North American Soccer League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "603ea87c399b145c470d439527e45894", "text": "Jimmy Jump Jaume Marquet i Cot ( -LSB- ˈʒawmə mərˈkɛt i kɔt -RSB- ) , more popularly known as Jimmy Jump , born on 14 March 1976 , is a Spanish streaker from Sabadell , Catalonia , Spain , known for interfering in several major entertainment and sporting events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41c3d9adfc48b2ef53a0f443f336f130", "text": "Wales House Wales House may refer to : in Belgium Wales House ( Brussels ) , the National Assembly of Wales ' office in Belgium in the United States Mary Anne Wales House , Dublin , New Hampshire , listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) Wales House ( Hyde Park , New York ) , NRHP-listed Wales ( Petersburg , Virginia ) , a historic house and plantation , NRHP-listed North Wales ( Warrenton , Virginia ) , a historic house and plantation , NRHP-listed", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37cd3b6130df4e9e9e360d1ef3a327e4", "text": "Josey Wales Josey Wales , born Joseph Winston Sterling in St. Mary , Jamaica is an influential Jamaican dancehall deejay . He was considered , along with Brigadier Jerry , Yellowman and sound system partner Charlie Chaplin , one of the best deejays of the 1980s . Wales is named after the 1976 Western movie character from The Outlaw Josey Wales , played by Clint Eastwood , and subsequently nicknamed `` The Outlaw '' . His career began in the late 1970s performing over U-Roy-owned King Sturgav sound system , and he gained even more popularity in the early 1980s performing over Henry `` Junjo '' Lawes 's Volcano sound system , and recording singles such as `` Bobo Dread '' and `` Leggo Mi Hand '' for Lawes ' label of the same name as well as later hits for George Phang 's Power House label , most noticeably `` Undercover Lover '' . He was shot and robbed in 1997 , an incident that he dealt with in the hit `` Bushwacked '' . He appeared in Shaggy 's `` Bad Man Do n't Cry '' video , and by 2014 had begun recording new material .", "title": "" } ]	fever
650b61151acc33135fcc4373ebebabbc	The Strain premiered on July 13th, 2014 on FX.	[ { "docid": "79e1a8e695ada060fc2996e0327d15dd", "text": "The Strain (TV series) The Strain is an American horror drama television series that premiered on FX on July 13 , 2014 . It was created by Guillermo del Toro and Chuck Hogan , based on their novel trilogy of the same name . Carlton Cuse serves as executive producer and showrunner . Del Toro and Hogan wrote the pilot episode , `` Night Zero '' , which del Toro directed . A thirteen-episode first season was ordered on November 19 , 2013 . The pilot episode premiered at the ATX Television Festival in Austin , Texas , in early June 2014 . On August 6 , 2014 , FX renewed The Strain for a 13-episode second season which premiered on July 12 , 2015 . On August 7 , 2015 , FX renewed The Strain for a 10-episode third season which premiered on August 28 , 2016 . FX renewed the series for a fourth and final season on September 27 , 2016 , which is scheduled to premiere on July 16 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cae6fbeb7d6c9790e4cf7fd462ec87e8", "text": "The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec0890c02243a1e93d13b5f3ebfe05a0", "text": "List of The Fosters episodes The Fosters is an American drama series on Freeform ( then known as ABC Family ) that premiered on June 3 , 2013 . The series follows the lives of Lena Adams ( Sherri Saum ) and Stef Foster ( Teri Polo ) , the Fosters , who are an interracial , lesbian couple living in the Mission Bay area of San Diego , raising Stef 's biological son , Brandon ( David Lambert ) , along with adopted twins , Jesus ( Jake T. Austin/Noah Centineo ) and Mariana ( Cierra Ramirez ) . Lena is a charter school vice principal and Stef is a police officer . Lena decides to take in `` troubled '' teenager Callie ( Maia Mitchell ) and her younger brother Jude ( Hayden Byerly ) , who have endured a series of abusive foster homes . The show resumed its second season on January 19 , 2015 . The series was renewed for a third season on January 13 . The third season began on June 8 , 2015 , with the second half premiering on January 25 , 2016 on Freeform . On November 30 , 2015 , Freeform announced that the series was renewed for a fourth season , which premiered on June 20 , 2016 . The second half of the fourth season premiered on January 31 , 2017 , replacing the timeslot for Pretty Little Liars . On January 10 , 2017 , Freeform announced that the series was renewed for a fifth season , which will start airing on July 11 , 2017 . As of April 11 , 2017 , 82 episodes of The Fosters have aired , concluding the fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03b4bad4fec8fb9d4cc74fb90e9fb9a7", "text": "A (The Walking Dead) `` A '' is the sixteenth and final episode of the fourth season , and 51st episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead , which aired on AMC on March 30 , 2014 . The episode was written by Scott M. Gimple and Angela Kang , and directed by Michelle MacLaren . As multiple paths collide on each group 's travels , Rick ( Andrew Lincoln ) remembers the past and comes face to face with sheer brutality . As the so-called sanctuary , `` Terminus '' , begins to reveal its true face , the group struggles to survive . Themes explored in this episode include preparedness and the extremities of living in a lawless world . The latter is explored through Rick 's guilt and trauma after being forced to brutally murder two men to protect his son , Carl ( Chandler Riggs ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e721f22d480367b47760e1003b404cbf", "text": "Pilot (Bones) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the television series Bones , which premiered on the FOX network on September 13 , 2005 . It is written by series creator Hart Hanson and directed by Greg Yaitanes . It introduces the two main characters of the series , Dr. Temperance Brennan ( played by Emily Deschanel ) and FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth ( played by David Boreanaz ) , and their partnership in solving cases involving unidentified human remains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8a2191b378c2abcc88a6e862d562bce", "text": "The Clock (The Americans) `` The Clock '' is the second episode of the first season of the period drama television series The Americans . It originally aired on FX in the United States on February 6 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eb6548b4b51f776e4702cf79e2a062e", "text": "Parenthood (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series Parenthood premiered on September 26 , 2013 and concluded on April 17 , 2014 . It consisted of 22 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4140e705522adbb6520bc4d344626205", "text": "Degrassi (season 14) The fourteenth and final season of Degrassi , a Canadian serial teen drama television series , premiered on October 28 , 2014 . Although only four school years have passed in the story timeline since season six , season fourteen is set during the final weeks of the spring semester in the years it aired . Writers have been able to use a semi-floating timeline , so that the issues depicted are modern for their viewers . This season again depicts the lives of a group of high school freshmen , sophomores , juniors , seniors and graduates as they deal with some of the challenges and issues that teenagers face such as teenage pregnancy , dysfunctional families , sexism , arson , sexting , sexual identity , miscarriages , anxiety disorders , drug use , child abuse , abstinence , and gang violence . The fourteenth season was announced on November 13 , 2013 . However , MTV Canada and TeenNick did not announce picking up the season until a month before the first episode was scheduled to air . Filming for the season commenced on April 11 , 2014 at Epitome Studios in Toronto . Filming continued into August , with a break before filming the final four episodes of the season in order to give Epitome the opportunity to start filming episodes for the first season of their new series . Filming for this season completed on October 6 , 2014 . On June 4 , 2015 , it was announced that Degrassi would no longer air on TeenNick or MTV Canada following the fourteenth season . However , on June 9 , 2015 , it was announced that Family Channel and Netflix had picked up the series and will air 20 new episodes in 2016 , renaming the show Degrassi : Next Class . This season featured the telenovela/soap opera format used in previous seasons , airing new episodes five days a week for the last two weeks of the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e2009864f88dbfac890092e4543178", "text": "Cold Blooded (Grimm) `` Cold Blooded '' is the 7th episode of the supernatural drama television series Grimm of season 3 and the 51st overall , which premiered on December 13 , 2013 , on the cable network NBC . The episode was written by Thomas Ian Griffith , and was directed by Terrence O'Hara . The episode aired alongside the next episode , Twelve Days of Krampus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "176eeaf14fb040ac041bf8d991e831ca", "text": "The Blacklist (season 1) The first season of the American crime thriller television series The Blacklist premiered on NBC on September 23 , 2013 . The season was produced by Davis Entertainment , Universal Television , and Sony Pictures Television , and the executive producers are Jon Bokenkamp , John Davis , John Eisendrath , John Fox , and Joe Carnahan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "299bad5811cbdb45eda402522eea5e15", "text": "Dexter (season 1) The first season of Dexter is an adaptation of Jeff Lindsay 's first novel in the Dexter series , Darkly Dreaming Dexter . Subsequent seasons have featured original storylines . This season aired from October 1 , 2006 to December 17 , 2006 , and follows Dexter 's investigation of `` The Ice Truck Killer '' . Introduced in the first episode , `` Dexter '' , this serial killer targets prostitutes and leaves their bodies severed and bloodless . At the same time , Dexter 's foster sister , Debra Morgan ( Jennifer Carpenter ) , a vice squad officer , aspires to work in the homicide department , and Dexter 's girlfriend , Rita Bennett ( Julie Benz ) , wants their relationship to be more intimate . Christian Camargo appears as Rudy Cooper and is a recurring character until the end of the season . The show 's first season received generally favorable reviews from critics ; it was praised as `` bold , different and exciting , with a central character and performance that take your breath away '' by the New York Daily News . The Wall Street Journal saw `` the grotesqueries of Dexter '' as `` not something that can easily be dismissed with the old '' ` you do n't have to watch ' line '' , and concluded that `` We do have to live among the viewers who will be desensitized , or aroused , by this show '' . The aggregate site Metacritic scored the show 's first season at 77 out of 100 based on 27 critics reviews . The season received high ratings for Showtime ; the pilot episode attracted more than a million viewers , giving the channel its highest ratings in nearly two years , while the finale `` Born Free '' drew an audience of 1.1 million viewers in the U.S. On average , the season was watched by two million viewers per episode during its original run when factoring in DVR viewers . Due to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild strike and encouraged by the show 's critical success and high ratings on Showtime , CBS , a national terrestrial broadcast network , announced in December 2007 that it was considering airing an edited version of the first season of Dexter for free-to-air broadcast . It began to broadcast it on February 17 , 2008 , and thus , Dexter became the first program in 20 years to air on a broadcast network after being shown on a premium cable channel . During the show 's rerun on the CBS network in 2008 , the ratings were much higher , reaching 8.2 million viewers during its premiere February , giving the network its best rating in the 10 p.m. timeslot since December the previous year . During its 12-week run , it dropped to 7.1 million in early April , and to 6.6 million during the season 's finale on May 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a097cfb667cadff31174ff04e98b0f5d", "text": "Birthright (The Outer Limits) `` Birthright '' is an episode of The Outer Limits television show . It first aired on 13 August 1995 , during the first season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9304371daeb89b3b82108d9f50a3e550", "text": "Shadowhunters Shadowhunters ( also known as Shadowhunters : The Mortal Instruments ) is an American fantasy television series that is loosely based on The Mortal Instruments by Cassandra Clare , and developed for television by Ed Decter . It is the second adaptation of the novel series , after the 2013 film The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones , which like Shadowhunters was produced by Constantin Film . The show received a straight-to-series order on March 30 , 2015 , and premiered on January 12 , 2016 on Freeform . In March 2016 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season of 20 episodes , which premiered on January 2 , 2017 . In April 2017 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a third season of 20 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6310ffdddd2cd3dd4fd0b00e8e6d9e74", "text": "Testees Testees is a Canadian television series , created by Kenny Hotz ( of Kenny vs. Spenny ) and written and produced by Kenny Hotz and Derek Harvie ( of The Tom Green Show ) . Testees originally aired on Thursdays at 10:30 PM EST on FX and ran from October 9 , 2008 , to December 18 , 2008 . and debuted on October 14 , 2008 , on Showcase in Canada . The show is filmed in Toronto and Hamilton , Ontario . Testees is now showing on FX in the UK , I.Sat in Brazil and Comedy Central in Germany , Austria and the Netherlands . After one season , Testees was not renewed by FX .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1ea72fda934274082c1a510b1d75dd", "text": "Eve of Destruction (Grimm) `` Eve of Destruction '' is the 7th episode and midseason premiere of season 5 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm and the 95th episode overall , which premiered on January 29 , 2016 , on the cable network NBC . The episode was written by Thomas Ian Griffith and was directed by John Behring . In the episode , Nick demands to know about Juliette 's return and seeks Trubel and Meisner 's help in it while also going after the previous case that involves Monroe and Rosalee . The episode received positive reviews from critics , who praised the writing and the tone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d016f32b88883325641b151862ad4673", "text": "Justified (season 4) The fourth season of the American television drama series Justified premiered on January 8 , 2013 , on FX , and concluded on April 2 , 2013 , consisting of 13 episodes . The series was developed by Graham Yost based on Elmore Leonard 's novels Pronto and Riding the Rap and his short story `` Fire in the Hole '' . Its main character is Raylan Givens , a deputy U.S. Marshal . Timothy Olyphant portrays Givens , a tough federal lawman , enforcing his own brand of justice in his Kentucky hometown . The series is set in the city of Lexington , Kentucky , and the hill country of eastern Kentucky , specifically in and around Harlan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad511207d14bf63d9a7cf8c5596b89d0", "text": "The Bastard Executioner The Bastard Executioner is an American historical fiction drama television series , created by Kurt Sutter and aired on FX from September 15 , 2015 to November 17 , 2015 . On November 18 , 2015 , Sutter announced that FX had cancelled the series after one season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ea97addb49c4b3716e26b125f769da2", "text": "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 , with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history . It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards , including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award , and received 124 Emmy nominations , which makes it the most nominated drama program in history . ER won 116 awards in total , including the Peabody Award , while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6b5afd9f17488ff9bdbc4040e586acf", "text": "Headache (Grimm) `` Headache '' is the 21st episode of season 4 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm and the 87th episode overall , which premiered on May 8 , 2015 , on the cable network NBC . The episode was written by series creators David Greenwalt and Jim Kouf and was directed by Kouf , making his directional debut in the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130b8c7d67768a7a7e04ed98d6992cae", "text": "List of Jane the Virgin episodes Jane the Virgin is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW on October 13 , 2014 . The series follows Jane Villanueva , a hard-working , religious young Latina woman whose family tradition and a vow to save her virginity until marriage is shattered when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup . To make matters worse , the biological donor is a married man , a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works , but was also her former teenage crush . On October 21 , 2014 , the show was given a full season order . On January 11 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a second season , On March 11 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a third season . On January 8 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa5e897e2bf019862b6e2003fa037475", "text": "Pilot (The Shield) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the FX crime drama television series The Shield . It was written by series creator Shawn Ryan , directed by Clark Johnson , and originally aired on March 12 , 2002 . The episode received Emmy Award nominations for both its writing and directing .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a500c4dc001b5bd3b291909d91af7398	Dog Day Afternoon stars Penelope Allen.	[ { "docid": "96cc187ff5da59024df2583886ba3e58", "text": "Dog Day Afternoon Dog Day Afternoon is a 1975 American crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet , written by Frank Pierson and produced by Martin Bregman and Martin Elfand . The film stars Al Pacino , John Cazale , Charles Durning , Chris Sarandon , Penelope Allen , James Broderick , Lance Henriksen and Carol Kane . The title refers to the sultry `` dog days '' of summer . The film was inspired by P. F. Kluge 's article `` The Boys in the Bank '' , which tells a story of a similar robbery of a Brooklyn bank by John Wojtowicz and Salvatore Naturale on August 22 , 1972 . This article was published in Life in 1972 . The film received critical acclaim upon its September 1975 release by Warner Bros. , some of which referred to its anti-establishment tone . Dog Day Afternoon was nominated for several Academy Awards and Golden Globe awards , and won one Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . In 2009 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8267feaa9e7289d9d7bf1f3ae7d4d6fd", "text": "Siân Phillips Dame Jane Elizabeth Ailwên Phillips , DBE ( born 14 May 1933 ) , known professionally as Siân Phillips ( -LSB- ˈʃɑːn -RSB- ) , is a Welsh actress , author and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "102ecdb916d863d7684cd586a7290725", "text": "Wolf Dog Wolf Dog is a 1958 Northwestern movie , directed and produced by Sam Newfield and released by Regal Films . In August 1957 , Newfield and a camera crew filmed the movie in and around Markdale , Ontario , near Owen Sound , Ontario , Canada . The movie co-starred Hollywood actors Jim Davis , Allison Hayes and John Hart along with Canadian actors Austin Willis and Tony Brown . Several locals were offered a chance to be unpaid `` extras '' . Among those were Paul Hutton , Jerry Bartley , Constable Clarence Bowins , David Jackson , Officer Jack Johnston , Ron Wyvill , Don Wyvill . While not an artistic or commercial success , the film is noteworthy in that it was created almost 40 years before Telefilm Canada and federal government subsidies enabled big-name movies to be filmed in Canadian locales . Markdale residents were delighted to have Hollywood make a film in their town . It was hoped a film set in `` The Great North Country '' would be a crossover hit in the U.S. and the Commonwealth , both lucrative movie markets . For reasons unknown , the film disappeared from the public eye for almost 50 years . One interesting , though unsubstantiated , rumor suggested one of the main actors wanted all traces of the film destroyed . The only known copies of the movie are an incomplete version stored at the National Archives of Canada and a complete version at the U.S. Library of Congress . Copies of the movie can be found at the Markdale Public Library , Ontario , Canada , donated by the creator of the fan site , Jeff Wilson . He , along with actors from the film , Ron Wyvill and Paul Hutton , appeared in a short documentary made by Rogers Television , Owen Sound . Wilson and Wyvill also organized several screenings in the town of Markdale , Ontario , where the film was originally shot . There is also a link to a radio interview with Ron Wyvill on YouTube which can be found under the channel Toonguy85 , belonging to Wilson . All distribution copyrights belong to 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5372682db4fa75f2cbab0cc4766b39e2", "text": "Bryce Gheisar Bryce Gheisar is a an American actor who is known in A Dog 's Purpose . He went to school at Lovejoy elementary in Allen , Texas . He did Gymnastics and acting classes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85b4cd50b7d21be77c8d001d406333d1", "text": "Penelope Tree Penelope Tree ( born 2 December 1949 ) is an English former fashion model prominent in swinging sixties London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90da8d74d8f47288bebf343e4efe8a56", "text": "Every Woman Every Woman is a syndicated television series produced by Entertainment Studios and created by Byron Allen . The series has aired since 2000 . Heidi Klum made a guest appearance on the show in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564dd2dbbf2b5c8bdf10b5ebcf47cd16", "text": "Allen Wolf Allen Wolf ( born October 29 , 1970 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , film producer , novelist , and board game creator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c72c4cff7bdca743a56901b3400ef84", "text": "Wishbone (TV series) Wishbone is a half-hour live-action children 's television show that was produced from 1995 to 1998 and broadcast on PBS Kids . The show 's title character is a Jack Russell Terrier . Wishbone lives with his owner Joe Talbot in the fictional town of Oakdale , Texas . He daydreams about being the lead character of stories from classic literature . He was known as `` the little dog with a big imagination '' . Only the viewers and the characters in his daydreams can hear Wishbone speak . The characters from his daydreams see Wishbone as whichever famous character he is currently portraying and not as a dog . The show won four Daytime Emmys , a Peabody Award , and honors from the Television Critics Association . Wishbone '' 's exterior shots were filmed on the backlot of Lyrick Studios 's teen division Big Feats ! Entertainment in Allen , Texas , and its interior shots were filmed on a sound stage in a 50,000 square foot warehouse in Plano , Texas . Additional scenes were filmed in Grapevine , Texas . This show garnered particular praise for refusing to bowdlerize many of the sadder or more unpleasant aspects of the source works , which usually enjoyed a fairly faithful retelling in the fantasy sequences . The show also inspired several book series . Altogether , there are more than fifty books featuring Wishbone , which were published even after the TV series ended production . Reruns of the show continued to air on some PBS affiliates until early 2008 . In 2006 , when a PBS Kids Go ! digital channel was announced , PBS planned to air Wishbone on the channel . However , when the digital channel was canceled , Wishbone returned in reruns on the PBS national program service . Wishbone clips came to the PBS Kids Go ! website . The return to PBS lasted a short time , though some PBS affiliates continued to air Wishbone '' until their license to do so ran out . The show continued to air in reruns until August 31 , 2001 . The Show was replaced on the PBS Kids schedule on September 3 , 2001 by Sagwa The Chinese Siamese Cat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7899a121f96ccf6eece719359f47af8", "text": "The Great American Beauty Contest __ NOTOC __ The Great American Beauty Contest is a 1973 American satirical comedy-drama TV film , starring JoAnna Cameron and featuring Eleanor Parker , Robert Cummings , Louis Jourdan and Farrah Fawcett in an early film appearance . It was directed by Robert Day and was originally shown on the ABC TV network in the United States on February 13 , 1973 . Allmovie characterizes the film as `` An unsubtle but effective TV-movie satire of the ` Miss America ' syndrome '' , and calls the belly dance performed by Farrah Fawcett `` endearingly ridiculous . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144d5e0975cd672df008e41729603e95", "text": "Zoo (2017 film) Zoo is an upcoming British historical war drama film directed and written by Colin McIvor . The film stars Art Parkinson , Penelope Wilton , Toby Jones , Ian O'Reilly , Ian McElhinney , Amy Huberman , and Damian O'Hare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bdf9e80f1f58bf13240b2d35eb42534", "text": "Pam Potillo Pamela `` Pam '' Potillo ( born April 30 , 1974 in Trenton , New Jersey ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fc4838e71a7c35f07d3ca1fd1ab734e", "text": "One-Trick Pony (film) One-Trick Pony is a 1980 feature film written by and starring Paul Simon and directed by Robert M. Young . It also stars Blair Brown , Rip Torn , Joan Hackett , Michael Pearlman , and Allen Garfield ( credited under his birth name , Allen Goorwitz ) . The song `` Late in the Evening , '' from the film 's soundtrack , hit # 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , while the title song peaked at # 40 . After years of being available only on videocassette and laserdisc , One-Trick Pony was released by Warner Bros. on DVD in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec883076d2831ff5369b7687f5071b61", "text": "List of frequent Tim Burton collaborators Tim Burton ( born August 25 , 1958 ) is an American film director , film producer , writer and artist who often works with certain actors and crew members in multiple feature film directing projects . The actors who collaborated with Burton the most frequently are Johnny Depp , Helena Bonham Carter and Christopher Lee , who all appeared in eight , seven and six films , respectively . Film composer Danny Elfman composed the music for all of Burton 's feature films with the exception of Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) and Miss Peregrine 's Home for Peculiar Children ( 2016 ) . He also composed the music for The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) , a stop-motion animated film Burton co-wrote and produced . Other actors that Burton has worked with include Danny DeVito , Conchata Ferrell , Albert Finney , Carmen Filpi , Michael Gough , Eva Green , Pat Hingle , Jan Hooks , Rance Howard , Jeffrey Jones , O-Lan Jones , Michael Keaton , Martin Landau , Lisa Marie , Catherine O'Hara , Michelle Pfeiffer , Missi Pyle , Paul Reubens , Alan Rickman , Deep Roy , Winona Ryder , Diane Salinger , Glenn Shadix , Martin Short , Timothy Spall , Sylvia Sidney , Christopher Walken , Frank Welker , Terence Stamp and Paul Whitehouse . Catherine O'Hara , Paul Reubens , and Glenn Shadix also starred in The Nightmare Before Christmas . Actor Jason Hervey appeared in the short film Frankenweenie ( 1984 ) , before appearing in Burton 's feature film directing debut Pee-wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) . Actor Vincent Price worked with Burton on three projects , hosting the television film Hansel and Gretel ( 1982 ) , narrating the short film Vincent ( 1982 ) and appearing in the feature film Edward Scissorhands ( 1990 ) . Actresses Ada and Arlene Tai worked with Burton as extras in Ed Wood before going on to be cast in Big Fish ( 2003 ) . In addition to starring in Beetlejuice , Edward Scissorhands and Frankenweenie , Winona Ryder appeared in the Burton-directed music video for The Killers ' `` Here with Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ce99729c8e667c439e2e07bb358178e", "text": "Amazing Animal Videos Amazing Animal Videos ( 20012002 ) is an American television program about animals getting into unusual situations or just being themselves . It was hosted by Aileen Avery . It is shown on the channel Animal Planet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eec3b68babf0a2181cb8a19f587f82e6", "text": "Jack the Dog Jack the Dog is a 2001 American comedy-drama film , written and directed by Bobby Roth and starring Nestor Carbonell , Barbara Williams , Barry Newman , and Anthony LaPaglia . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , 2001 , and was released on DVD in the United States by Rivercoast Films on August 12 , 2008 . A sequel , Manhood , was released in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3527aeb914fbe4e9bd4f9f10d032c304", "text": "Lucky and Squash Lucky and Squash is an 2012 American children 's book written by Jeanne Birdsall and illustrated with watercolor paintings by Jane Dyer published by Harper . The two eponymous characters are dogs based on Birdsall 's and Dyer 's actual dogs , Cagney and Scuppers , a Boston Terrier and a Tibetan Terrier respectively . Lucky and Squash received generally positive reviews . A School Library Journal article praises Birdsall 's writing , describing the story as funny , sweet , heartwarming , and suspenseful . A Publishers Weekly review refers to Lucky and Squash as almost being `` Emma meets Ferris Bueller 's Day Off with wagging tails '' and states that Birdsall 's `` genial , intimate storytelling instantly establishes a bond with readers '' . A Booklist reviewer compares the story 's dog characters to Pyramus and Thisbe , lovers in Ovid 's Metamorphoses who , frustrated by being separated by a wall , conspire to run away together . An article in Kirkus Reviews calls the illustrations charming and says that they `` have all the clever details that are Dyer 's signature touch '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a92092bf00ca7d0cd9cd93f919782cc8", "text": "Bark! Bark ! is a 2002 film written by Heather Morgan , directed by Katarzyna Adamik ( the daughter of director Agnieszka Holland ) and starring Morgan , Lee Tergesen , and Lisa Kudrow . The film debuted at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival , where it was nominated for a Grand Jury Prize . The `` extremely low-budget '' film , which had its origins in a 90-second comedy sketch , is about Lucy , a professional dogwalker ( played by Morgan ) , who gradually assumes the identity of a dog . Tergesen plays Peter , her embarrassed husband , and Kudrow plays their veterinarian . Variety , reviewing the film after its Sundance screening , said it `` seems to be a throwback to the craziness-as-higher-expression-of-individuality school that was in vogue between The King of Hearts and Harold and Maude , noting `` Lucy 's withdrawal does n't seem to spring from anything -- unless urban life 's everyday rudeness and an overbearingly suburban-banal family background count -- and scene by scene , Bark ! builds no discernible rhythm , viewpoint or mood apart from a faint , rudderless , shaggy-joke tenor . The film was screened at several film festivals , including the Moscow International Film Festival , the Munich Film Festival , the Warsaw International Film Festival , and the Cleveland International Film Festival , but never received a theatrical release . The film was eventually released on DVD in 2003 by TVA International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5770703cfdadc6504efad8918d7372f", "text": "The Santa Clause (film series) The Santa Clause is a series of comedy films starring Tim Allen . The film series began with The Santa Clause ( 1994 ) . It was followed by The Santa Clause 2 ( 2002 ) and The Santa Clause 3 : The Escape Clause ( 2006 ) . The series experienced a diminishing critical reception with each subsequent film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75eb1ff6ce1f40eb3be1e1f73caad078", "text": "Gene Allen (art director) Eugene `` Gene '' Allen ( June 17 , 1918 -- October 7 , 2015 ) was an American art director . He followed his father and became a Los Angeles Police officer after he was laid off from his first job as a sketch artist . After serving in the United States Navy during World War II , Allen went to art school to pursue his career . He won an Academy Award in 1965 for Best Art Direction for My Fair Lady , and was nominated for A Star Is Born in 1955 and for Les Girls in 1958 . He served as President of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences from 1983 to 1985 and received a Special Achievement Award from the Art Directors Guild in 1997 . Allen died on October 7 , 2015 at the age of 97 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee7129bebf47ad9f401ee2fa20ca0bf2", "text": "John Wojtowicz John Stanley Wojtowicz ( March 9 , 1945January 2 , 2006 ) was an American bank robber whose story inspired the 1975 film Dog Day Afternoon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e9814ffc7613d8b996589b9ca45c7a1", "text": "Penelope Hobhouse Penelope Hobhouse MBE ( born 20 November 1929 ) , née Chichester-Clark , is a British garden writer , designer , lecturer and television presenter .", "title": "" } ]	fever
07ec33cc1ab3290b091640efcbbe2b85	Kris Wu starred in box office hits.	[ { "docid": "39733add192123641eacb5118bd891ad", "text": "Kris Wu Wu Yifan ( , pronounced -LSB- - cmnu2-i4fan4 -RSB- , ; born November 6 , 1990 ) , professionally known as Kris Wu or Kris , is a Chinese-born Canadian actor , singer , and model . He is active as a solo artist and actor in China and has starred in several # 1 box office hits including Mr. Six and Journey to the West : The Demons Strike Back , which are among the highest-grossing Chinese films of all time in China . He made his Hollywood debut in xXx : Return of Xander Cage ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4b398f5cf9dd496361d6e7587de09cb3", "text": "The Spy Dad The Spy Dad is a 2003 Hong Kong comedy film produced , written and directed by Wong Jing and starring Tony Leung as the titular protagonist , Jones Bon , an action film star with obvious homage to James Bond 007 films while with also references to martial arts films by Bruce Lee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70c0ce5d1d8fadca84aa03087ed5d86b", "text": "Cat vs Rat Cat vs. Rat is a Shaw Brothers martial arts-comedy film directed by Lau Kar Leung , starring Alexander Fu , Adam Cheng , Kara Hui and Hsiao Ho . The plot is loosely based on the 19th century wuxia classic novel The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0ed3882f9f88b95fdd3a18d9c1a3b6f", "text": "Kim Tae-woo (actor) Kim Tae-woo ( born 15 April 1971 ) is a South Korean actor . After his breakthrough in blockbuster war film Joint Security Area , Kim became best known for his leading roles in arthouse films , such as those directed by Hong Sang-soo , namely Woman Is the Future of Man , Woman on the Beach , and Like You Know It All .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f0406c0344c2fc25d95d99b6014e6d7", "text": "Headlines (film) Headlines is a 2001 Hong Kong comedy-drama film directed by Leo Heung and starring Emil Chau , Maggie Cheung , Daniel Wu , Grace Yip and Wayne Lai . This film revolves around the Hong Kong press .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a4ca2f50bb0722755e5f14dba64246c", "text": "Golden Brother Golden Brother is a 2014 Hong Kong-Chinese romance comedy drama film directed by Shu Kai Chung . It was released in Hong Kong on September 18 and in China on December 24 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1810e20c47ffb43c81cbaf37e93688", "text": "Love Don't Cost a Thing (film) Love Do n't Cost a Thing ( stylized as Love Do n't Co $ t a Thing ) is a 2003 American teen comedy film written and directed by Troy Beyer and starring Nick Cannon and Christina Milian . It also stars Steve Harvey , Kenan Thompson and Kal Penn. . The film is a remake of the 1987 film Ca n't Buy Me Love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a424a33983d084eb46bf8639ecb53b1", "text": "Cook Up a Storm Cook Up a Storm is a 2017 Hong Kong-Chinese comedy film directed by Raymond Yip and starring Nicholas Tse , Jung Yong-hwa , Ge You and Tiffany Tang . It was released in China on February 10 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d0973985349bc2812e5cdc5e61723b9", "text": "The Gua Sha Treatment The Gua Sha Treatment is a Chinese movie released in 2001 starring Tony Leung Ka-Fai , Zhu Xu , and Jiang Wenli . It is a story about cultural conflicts experienced by a Chinese family in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42449c833739d97bae71f252dc11c379", "text": "Wudang Rules Wudang Rules ( ; literally `` Wudang Worship '' ) is a 2015 Hong Kong martial arts , action themed television drama created and produced by TVB , starring Chin Siu-ho , Tavia Yeung , Yuen Qiu , Timmy Hung , Derek Kok and Toby Leung as the main cast . Filming took place from August till October 2014 . The drama began airing on Hong Kong 's Jade and HD Jade channels from May 25 till June 19 , 2015 every Monday through Friday during its 8:30 -9:30 pm timeslot with a total of 20 episodes . Wudang Rules is Chin Siu-ho 's first drama with TVB in twenty years . He last starred in TVB 's 1996 drama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5873e6f95565031197bd64784523af07", "text": "2002 (film) 2002 is a Hong Kong science fiction action film directed by Wilson Yip and starring Nicholas Tse and Stephen Fung", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf1805fff30d49801725005aec80f240", "text": "So I Married an Anti-fan So I Married an Anti-fan ( also known as : No One 's Life Is Easy ) is a Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Kim Jae-young and starring Park Chanyeol , Yuan Shanshan , Seo Ju-hyun and Jiang Chao . It is based on the manhwa So I Married An Anti-fan ( by Jiwan . The film was released in China by Bona Film Group on June 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73e3a0eac5ff72a0f9a62a4bb369887f", "text": "Better and Better (film) Better and Better is a 2013 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Zhang Yibai and Xie Dongshen and written by Xu Zhengchao , starring Aaron Kwok , Wang Baoqiang , Tong Dawei , Xu Jinglei , Jing Tian , and Sandra Ng . The film premiered in China on 10 February 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f092311c21ad6d6f161aea55bac2bfbc", "text": "The Big Swindle The Big Swindle is a 2004 heist film written and directed by Choi Dong-hoon . It follows a group of four con men , one con woman , and one forger in a complex set of plots and counterplots against individual marks , against the Bank of Korea , against the police , and against each other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51851f492de377bcc00518f990c46721", "text": "It's a Wonderful Life (1994 film) It 's a Wonderful Life is a 1994 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Clifton Ko , featuring an ensemble cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf5992384550990afd35f214d2b7ec3", "text": "City Hero City Hero is a 1985 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Dennis Yu and starring Dean Shek , Mark Cheng , Bennett Pang , Anthony Tang , Billy Lau and Michael Wong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6045da5333f1ce3522136bc7c3497b07", "text": "Felix Wong Felix Wong Yat-wah ( born September 4 , 1961 ) is a Hong Kong actor best known for his performances in many wuxia television series produced by TVB , such as The Legend of the Condor Heroes ( 1983 ) , in which he played the protagonist Kwok Ching . He is considered to be one of the most popular teen idols of the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85387b8b95be8f010e22beb96830c824", "text": "Adventure in Paradise Adventure in Paradise or Tian tang qi yu is a 1970 Hong Kong adventure film directed by Jingbo Chen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76dbd964739fb5a5888a78ed062cb392", "text": "One Stone and Two Birds One Stone and Two Birds ( Pinyin : Yi Shi Er Niao ) is a 2005 Taiwanese film directed by Kevin Chu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "190cd43386fd3ac7fcad0f2dc8a8c115", "text": "Teamwork Motion Pictures Teamwork Motion Pictures Ltd. ( Traditional Chinese : 天幕製作有限公司 ) is a former Hong Kong film production company . The company was established by Cantopop star , actor and film producer Andy Lau , serving as a producer for film in which Lau appeared as an actor . Following an intense lawsuit in 2002 with producing partner Clement Mak , Lau renamed the company to Focus Group Holdings Limited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e96eab7621df517c275a3636021e4480", "text": "If You Are the One If You Are the One is a 2008 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Feng Xiaogang and starring Ge You and Shu Qi . The film has been very successful at the Chinese box office , and has become one of Feng 's top grossing films to date , earning over ¥ 364 million ( US$ 53.7 million ) at the box office .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d0fb22f91e278d828ee6d3fdcb2edf70	Pierrot is renowned for Naruto.	[ { "docid": "27453ee782bb2c23873872e504ffe194", "text": "Pierrot (company) is a Japanese animation studio , founded in 1979 by former employees of Tatsunoko Production and Mushi Production . Its headquarters is located in Mitaka , Tokyo . Studio Pierrot is renowned for several worldwide popular anime series , such as Naruto , Bleach , Yu Yu Hakusho , Tokyo Ghoul , Beelzebub , Great Teacher Onizuka and several others . The company has a simple logo of the face of a clown . `` Piero '' is a Japanese loanword for clown , adopted from the classical character of Pierrot . Yu Yu Hakusho and Saiyuki , two of the company 's anime series , won the Animage Anime Grand Prix Award in 1994 and 1995 , and 2000 , respectively .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c1d3286efca6a9e1103f36e7b78d6039", "text": "Yasuji Murata was a pioneering animator who helped develop the art of anime in Japan . Studying the animation techniques of Sanae Yamamoto , Murata produced dozens of mostly educational films at the Yokohama Cinema studio featuring such characters as Momotarō and Norakuro . Along with Noburō Ōfuji , he was renowned as a master of cutout animation . Among his students were such animators as Yoshitarō Kataoka .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5c55f8d41402762598f59c1499ef9c2", "text": "Arigatō (manga) is a manga by Naoki Yamamoto . It was adapted into a live-action film directed by Masaaki Odagiri in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f9d9b55bad822abdc7a1af6407cdea6", "text": "Ippudo Ippudo , also known as in Japan , is a Japanese ramen restaurant chain . Ippudo is well-known for its tonkotsu ramen , and has been described as `` the most famous tonkotsu ramen shop in the country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c463e793f0955a3daab4393a31dcfef", "text": "Contemporary dance in Japan Contemporary Japanese dance draws on various traditional styles and Western classical and avant-garde forms , interpreted with the standards of Japanese schools . Many famous dance studios grew from training centers for Kabuki actor-dancers or derived from famous Kabuki families . Women dancers drawing their art from butoh were trained by the Hanayagi school , whose top dancers performed internationally . Ichinohe Sachiko choreographed and performed traditional dances in Heian court costumes , characterized by the slow , formal , and elegant motions of this classical age of Japanese culture . Western schools covered classical ballet , jazz-dance , and modern dance and influenced the butoh avant-garde dance movement . Ballet was said to have replaced traditional Japanese arts , such as flower arrangement and the tea ceremony , in the hearts of young girls . Prima ballerina Morishita Yoko sat on the jury for the Prix de Lausanne Ballet Competition in 1989 , held for the first time in Tokyo , marking the arrival of Japanese classical ballet in the international community . Horiuchi Gen , a 1980 Prix de Lausanne winner , became a major soloist with the New York City Ballet , and Japanese performers noted for their superb technique were members of many major international companies . Modern dance was performed early after World War II and was later taught by such famous dancers as Eguchi Takaya . The Tokyo Modern Dance School and the Ozawa Hisako Modern Dance Company also promoted avant-garde modern dance . A wide experimental range within modern dance occurred from which choreographer Teshigawara Saburo skillfully drew to create multifaceted works for his KARAS Company . The vital avant-garde butoh dance was a major development after the war : at least five major schools performed in the 1985 Butoh Festival , and there were numerous creative offshoots . Hijikata Tatsumi was a charismatic dancer who experimented with different kinds of creative dance to capture expressive motions he considered expressly suited to the Japanese physiognomy and psyche . He combined eroticism , social criticism , and avant-garde theater ideas , and he considered the body to be a repository for `` stored memories '' , which could be metamorphosed into dance forms . His theories and choreography were carried on by a number of famous dancers , who eventually formed their own major companies , which were strong in the 1980s and toured abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b30af50ac5da2a352020e4b9a462c0b3", "text": "Naruto: Shippuden (season 19) The episodes from the nineteenth season of the anime series Naruto : Shippuden are based on Part II for Masashi Kishimoto 's manga series . The anime only season focuses on the Chūnin Exams occurring after Part I . The episodes are directed by Hayato Date , and produced by Studio Pierrot and TV Tokyo . The nineteenth season aired from January to May 2015 . The season 's collection in DVD started on September 2 , 2015 under the title of . The season contains four musical themes : two openings and endings . The first opening theme , by KANA-BOON , is used from episode 394 to 405 . The second opening theme , by Yamazaru , is used from episode 406 to 413 . The first ending theme , by Diana Garnet , is used from episode 394 to 405 . The second ending theme , by sana , is used from episode 406 to 413 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66375a74f9f323f4e30f4ffa2dbaf098", "text": "NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan ( formerly known as Geneon Universal Entertainment and previously Pioneer LDC -- Pioneer LaserDisc Company , a former subsidiary of Pioneer Corporation ) is a Japanese music , anime and home entertainment production and distribution enterprise headquartered in Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . From its days as Geneon Universal Entertainment , Geneon has been involved in the production and distribution of several anime in Japan . Geneon 's North American branch ( founded as Pioneer Entertainment ) specialized in translating and distributing anime and related merchandise , such as soundtracks across the region . Geneon is a portmanteau of the English words , generate and eon . On February 1 , 2009 , Geneon merged with Universal Pictures Japan into Geneon Universal Entertainment . On December 9 , 2013 , the company changed its name to the current NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan . Outside Japan , the majority of NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan 's anime titles are distributed in the Oceanic region by Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a99507b196500b357a728d42030d2656", "text": "Rintaro is the pseudonym of , a well-known director of anime . He works frequently with the animation studio Madhouse ( which he co-founded ) , though he is a freelance director not employed directly by any one studio . He began working in the animation industry -- at age 17 -- as an in-between animator on the 1958 film Hakujaden . His works have won and been nominated for multiple awards , including a nomination for Best Film ( Metropolis ) at the 2001 Festival de Cine de Sitges . Rintaro is a fan of science fiction , and has been influenced by American westerns , gangster films , film noir , and French films . Additionally , he was influenced by Osamu Tezuka , and worked with him on Kimba the White Lion and Astro Boy . He said that when he was making Metropolis , which was based on Tezuka 's manga of the same name , he `` wanted to communicate Tezuka 's spirit '' . Rintaro personally introduced the film at the Big Apple Anime Fest in 2001 , where it was screened before its theatrical release by TriStar Pictures . Rintaro has also worked under the name Kuruma Hino , in addition to his best known pseudonym and his birth name . His pseudonym is sometimes miswritten as Rin Taro or Taro Rin . He is a founding member of the Japanese Animation Creators Association ( JAniCA ) labor group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3709fd9a2c3a4281515dbf1b456c63cf", "text": "David Production is a Japanese animation studio known for the anime television series adaptation for the long-running manga series JoJo 's Bizarre Adventure . The company was founded by former Gonzo president and producer Kōji Kajita and fellow producer Taito Okiura in September 2007 upon having left Gonzo . The company 's first work was as an animation subcontractor , but in 2009 David Production undertook their first full animation production as a primary contractor with Ristorante Paradiso . Fuji Television acquired the studio on August 1 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60196dbc777a3ac83c3c1a3807311883", "text": "Manga Sarutobi Sasuke is a 24-episode anime series about the young Sarutobi Sasuke , a legendary ninja . It was first aired from October 9 , 1979 , to April 29 , 1980 on Tokyo 12 Channel ( now TV Tokyo ) , and was later dubbed in several languages . The whole 24-episode run was aired in many European and Arabic countries . It is best known to the American fans as Ninja , The Wonder Boy : a highly edited , highly condensed feature-length version of this series . This version , dubbed in English , was produced by Jim Terry Productions of Force Five fame . The names of several characters were changed , with Sarutobi Sasuke becoming `` Duke Hayakawa '' , his female companion Sakura being changed to `` Blossom '' , and the villain Devilman became `` Dragon . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d24e8dc9df0f3c69d921b0295c72def", "text": "List of Kimba the White Lion episodes These are the episodes of the anime television series Kimba the White Lion ( Jungle Emperor ) . The series originally ran from October 6 , 1965 , to September 28 , 1966 , in Japan and from September 11 , 1966 , to September 3 , 1967 , in the U.S. There were two English dubs produced for this anime series . The first ( and more widely viewed ) English dub was produced by Titan Productions for NBC Enterprises to license and run in syndication in the United States , with a handful of talented voice actors . Despite that they dubbed all 52 episodes of the series , 49 of them have been aired in a mixed up order , in the United States , due to the NBC catalog order of how they aired them in sequence . On September 30 , 1978 , the license for NBC to hold the rights to the English dub has dropped due to the bankruptcy of Mushi Productions being bankrupt earlier in 1973 . Afterwards , the Titan Productions English dub was no longer available to view at that time . In 1993 , Fumio Suzuki made plans to bring the series to television once more to the English-speaking market . After the legal battles of who was going to gain ownership , a Canadian company from Toronto known as Zaza Sound Productions Ltd. won the rights to produce a second English dub of the anime series with a handful of Canadian voice actors , as well as airing this dub in several English-speaking regions ( Australia , United Kingdom , etc. ) , with CEG Distribution distributing the series . Landmark Entertainment Group Inc. , Susuki Associates and CEG Cinema Partners have also contributed to this dub . Fans have often labeled this as the `` Canadian dub '' . It was said to be a remake of the 1966 U.S. English dub , with a more faithful translation of the original Japanese scripts , but had to create a whole new soundtrack composed by Paul J. Zaza , since they were unable to use the original soundtrack composed by Isao Tomita which was also used in the 1966 U.S. English dub . This version was also more edited including heavy cuts and changes . In 1995 , A low-budget American company known as UAV Corporation released a limited number of episodes of the 1993 Canadian English re-dub on VHS in North America , under the title Kimba the Lion Prince .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42d7b429367f8d79e3f16625c3b667fd", "text": "The Swiss Family Robinson: Flone of the Mysterious Island is an anime series produced by Nippon Animation . The story is loosely based on the novel Swiss Family Robinson by Swiss author Johann David Wyss . As such it exhibits the same geographically impossible array flora and fauna . The character of Flone is not present in the original novel , in which the Robinson family consists of only a father , a mother , and four sons ( no daughters ) . It is likely that Flone was introduced by Nippon Animation as a new character for the anime version in order to attract more girls as viewers . Also in the anime version , the oldest of the Robinson children , Fritz , is named `` Franz '' ( though his name is changed back to Fritz in the English dub ) , and the character of Jack is a three-year-old rather than a ten-year-old . Very popular in Europe , this anime is one of the few World Masterpiece Theater series to have been dubbed into the English language for the American market . An English dub by PMT , Ltd , titled simply Swiss Family Robinson , aired on The Family Channel cable network in the U.S. in 1989 . This dub renames Flone `` Becca '' as well as her older brother Franz `` Fritz '' . It can currently be seen on the Smile of a Child network and .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e72528dcfcc125aeecb3fa61899afde", "text": "List of Fate/Zero episodes Fate/Zero is a 2011 -- 2012 action , thriller , fantasy anime based on the prequel light novels to Type-Moon 's visual novel , Fate/stay night . The novels are written by Gen Urobuchi , who is also known as the writer for the anime Puella Magi Madoka Magica , and illustrated by Takashi Takeuchi , co-founder and main artist of Type-Moon . Set ten years before the events of Fate/stay night , the anime tells the story of the Fourth Holy Grail War , a secret magical tournament held in Fuyuki City , Japan where seven magicians known as Masters summon Servants , reincarnations of legendary souls and heroes from all across time , where they fight in a deadly battle royale where the winner obtains the Holy Grail , a magical legendary chalice capable of granting wishes . Its characters include both younger versions of characters in Fate/stay night , their parents and relatives , and original characters . Fate/Zeros main protagonist , Kiritsugu Emiya , the foster father of Fate/stay nights protagonist , Shirō Emiya , is known as a merciless mage killer who joins the tournament on behalf of his wife 's family , the Einzberns . The anime is jointly produced by Aniplex , Nitroplus , Notes , Seikaisha , and Ufotable . It is also directed by Ei Aoki ; produced by Atsuhiro Iwakami ; music by Yuki Kajiura ; character design by Atsushi Ikariya and Tomonori Sudou ; and art , 3D , and photography directions by Koji Eto , Kōjirō Shishido , and Yuichi Terao respectively . The anime premiered on Tokyo MX , Tochigi TV , and Gunma TV , with the first season airing from October 1 to December 24 , 2011 and later dates on TVS , TVA , MBS , CTC , tvk , TVh , TVQ , BS11 , and Kids Station . The second season aired from April 7 to June 23 , 2012 . In the first season , the opening theme song was `` Oath Sign '' by LiSA and the ending theme was `` Memoria '' by Eir Aoi . In the second season , the opening theme song was `` to the beginning '' by Kalafina and the ending theme is by Luna Haruna . The song by Kalafina was used as a special ending theme song in episodes 18 and 19 . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50fa173e9658edf145b7b1d5494abb41", "text": "List of Ranma ½ episodes is a Japanese anime series adapted from the manga of the same name by Rumiko Takahashi . It was created by Studio Deen and aired weekly between April 15 , 1989 and September 16 , 1989 on Fuji TV before being canceled after 18 episodes due to low ratings . Shortly after , the series was reworked by most of the same staff , retitled and launched in a different time slot , running between October 20 , 1989 and September 25 , 1992 for 143 episodes . Three movies were produced , The Battle of Nekonron , China ! A Battle to Defy the Rules ! on November 2 , 1991 ; Battle at Togenkyo ! Get Back the Brides on August 1 , 1992 ; and Super Indiscriminate Decisive Battle ! Team Ranma vs. the Legendary Phoenix on August 20 , 1994 . The first two movies are feature length , but the third was originally aired in theaters with two other movies : Ghost Sweeper Mikami and Heisei Dog Stories : Bow . Following the ending of the TV series , 12 OVA episodes were released directly to home video , the earliest on December 7 , 1993 and the twelfth on October 20 , 2010 . In celebration of Rumiko Takahashi 's 35th anniversary as a manga artist , the TV series was released on Blu-ray for the first time in three box sets between May 24 , 2013 and January 24 , 2014 . Viz Media licensed both anime , the films and the first 11 OVAs for English dubs in North America . They labeled both anime as one series and first released it on subtitled and dubbed VHS , later combining it into seven DVD collections they call `` seasons '' . Besides changing the ordering of many of the anime episodes , Viz also added the third film to their set of the OVAs . They began re-releasing the show on Blu-ray and DVD in 2014 . Madman Entertainment released part of the anime series and the first two movies in Australasia , before their license expired , and MVM Films released the first two movies in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e6cbbf1315caad72f0be463348c7ff9", "text": "Clannad (film) is a 2007 Japanese anime fantasy-drama film directed by Osamu Dezaki and based on the visual novel of the same name developed by Key . Toei Animation announced at the Tokyo Anime Fair on March 23 , 2006 that an animated film would be produced , and was released in Japanese theaters on September 15 , 2007 . The film is a reinterpretation of the Clannad storyline which centers on the story arc of the female lead Nagisa Furukawa . It was the final film directed by Dezaki before his death in April 2011 . A promotional campaign took to the streets of Akihabara on March 10 , 2007 transported in a large black bus with the words painted on the sides . A group of young women cosplaying in the female high school uniform from Clannad emerged from the bus to hand out flyers and pink and white colored thundersticks to passersby to promote the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d8ef1f5277400c541457281f8f90dae", "text": "Jiraiya (Naruto) is a fictional character in the Naruto anime and manga series created by Masashi Kishimoto . Introduced in the first half of the series , he was a student of Hiruzen Sarutobi and one of the `` Legendary Sannin '' ; along with Orochimaru and Lady Tsunade . Jiraiya appears as a perverted old man who occasionally returns to the village , reporting the activities of Orochimaru and Akatsuki . Referred to as the `` Toad Sage '' and `` Pervy Sage '' , he mentored Minato Namikaze , the Fourth Hokage , and later became a godfather to Minato 's son Naruto . Jiraiya is a playable character in most of the video games from the series and various merchandises have been released based on him . The character received positive reception and is considered to be one of the strongest in the series ; critics praised Jiraiya 's introduction in the series as well as his relation with Naruto as his mentor . Of all the student-teacher relationships in Naruto , Jiraiya and Naruto 's is the one Kishimoto likes the most .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a5726af2a2b54a15602e34e6c524069", "text": "Toho is a Japanese film , theater production , and distribution company . It has its headquarters in Yūrakuchō , Chiyoda , Tokyo , and is one of the core companies of the Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group . Outside Japan , it is best known as the producer and distributor of many kaiju and tokusatsu films , the Chouseishin tokusatsu superhero television franchise , the films of Akira Kurosawa , and the anime films of Studio Ghibli . Other famous directors , including Yasujirō Ozu , Kenji Mizoguchi , Masaki Kobayashi , and Mikio Naruse , also directed films for Toho . Toho 's most famous creation is Godzilla , who features in 29 of the company 's films . Godzilla , Rodan , Mothra , King Ghidorah and Mechagodzilla are described as Toho 's Big Five because of the monsters ' numerous appearances in all three eras of the franchise , as well as spin-offs . Toho has also been involved in the production of numerous anime titles . Its subdivisions are Toho-Towa Distribution , Toho Pictures Incorporated , Toho International Company Limited , Toho E. B. Company Limited , and Toho Music Corporation & Toho Costume Company Limited . The company is the largest shareholder ( 7.96 % ) of Fuji Media Holdings Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "190a2133a98a54c54e4d88f10f9fa824", "text": "Front Wing is a Japanese visual novel studio that specializes in the production of adult visual novels . Its main office is located in Taito City , Tokyo . The representative producer and president is Ryūichirō Yamakawa . `` Frontwing '' is the company 's main brand , but it has also released games under affiliated brands `` Survive '' , `` Hotchkiss '' , and `` b-wing '' . These brands have all since merged to become `` Frontwing '' . Frontwing 's games cover a diverse range of genres , from school love life stories to hardcore adult games , and also games that utilize 3D computer graphics . The 3D content production team , Polygon Mura , is closely involved in the games ' production by seeking ways to incorporate 3D graphics into essentially 2D projects . Several of their games , originally produced for PC , have been ported to consoles . The development of the ported versions is generally done in-house . The company is also active in many other fields , including the development of the dance 3D software Dance X Mixer , taking part in the bi-annual Comic Market , and Niconico live broadcasts . Since the company 's founding in 1999 as a bishōjo games developer and the release of Frontwing 's first title , Canary ( Canaria : Kono Omoi o Uta ni Nosete ) in August 2000 , it has published over 20 titles in the visual novel genre . The studio 's flagship games include the Netherworld Angel Djibril series , and the Grisaia trilogy which spawned an animated series in 2015 . In regards to the Djibril series , writer Naoki Miyamoto , author of the book `` Adult Games : Introduction to Cultural Studies '' , has pointed out why there is a big demand for such works : `` If the one to fight is a beautiful heroine , the risks she takes stimulate people 's erotic imagination . '' In 2011 , the first installment of the Grisaia Series , The Fruit of Grisaia , won first place in the Moe Game Award . The second installment , The Labyrinth of Grisaia , won second place in 2012 . Frontwing marked its first venture into the overseas market May 29 , 2015 , with the English release of The Fruit of Grisaia on Steam . The company has since established its own in-house translation team , which made its debut with the English release of The Leisure of Grisaia on May 18 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fb8602c4011c93c506f0cea59029875", "text": "List of The Prince of Tennis chapters The chapters of The Prince of Tennis manga series are written and illustrated by Takeshi Konomi , and were serialized in Japan 's manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from July 1999 to March 2008 . A sequel to the series entitled New Prince of Tennis began serialization in Japan in the monthly magazine Jump Square on March 4 , 2009 . The story centers around a cocky tennis prodigy named Ryoma Echizen , who , upon his father 's urging , enrolls in a private middle school called Seishun Academy ( `` Seigaku '' for short ) , which , besides being famous for its strong tennis team , is his father 's alma mater . The storyline of the first manga series revolves around Seigaku striving to become the National middle school tennis champions , while the sequel takes place several months after their National victory . The Prince of Tennis manga spans a total of 379 chapters ( 380 if chapter `` 0 '' is included ) , which have been collected into 42 tankōbon volumes . Shueisha distributed these volumes in Japan , with the first volume being released on January 7 , 2000 , and the last on June 4 , 2008 . Each of the chapters are referred to as a `` Genius '' , with the exception of chapters 245 to 247 which are primarily referred to as the `` Wild '' chapters since they are told from a different character 's point of view . The sequel 's chapters are each referred to as a `` Golden Age '' . Three official fan books were also released by Shueisha , as well as one illustration book . Kenichi Sakura created a short tribute manga entitled The Prince of Afterschool , which began serialization in Jump Square in November 2008 . The series has been adapted into several forms of other media including an 178 episode anime series directed by Takayuki Hamana that aired from October 2001 to March 2005 , and a series of subsequent OVAs released onto several DVDs . The anime , combined with the OVAs , roughly covers the storyline of the first manga series . It also spawned an ongoing series of musicals , as well as two featured films : one original animated film and the other being a live-action which loosely follows the events of the first eighteen volumes . Viz Media licensed the series and distributes an English version of the manga in North America under the Shonen Jump imprint . The first English language volume was released on May 19 , 2004 , and as of May 5 , 2009 , Viz has released a total of thirty-one volumes , with the next expected to be released in July . The English anime adaptation debuted in North America as streaming media on Toonami Jetstream on July 14 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a2057a134ca03dc5d9958df0f2844ee", "text": "Onnagata Onnagata or oyama ( Japanese : 女形・女方 , `` woman-role '' ) , are male actors who played women 's roles in Japanese Kabuki theatre . The modern all-male kabuki was originally known as yarō kabuki ( `` man kabuki '' ) to distinguish it from earlier forms . In the early 17th century , shortly after the emergence of the genre , many kabuki theaters had an all-female cast ( onna kabuki ) , with women playing men 's roles as necessary . Wakashū kabuki ( `` adolescent-boy kabuki '' ) , with a cast composed entirely of attractive young men playing both male and female roles , and frequently dealing in erotic themes , originated circa 1612 . Both onnagata and wakashū ( or wakashū-gata ) , actors specializing in adolescent male roles ( and usually adolescents themselves ) , were the subject of much appreciation by both male and female patrons , and were often prostitutes . All-male casts became the norm after 1629 , when women were banned from appearing in kabuki due to the prevalent prostitution of actresses and violent quarrels among patrons for the actresses ' favors . This ban failed to stop the problems , however , since the young male ( wakashū ) actors were also fervently pursued by patrons . In 1642 , onnagata roles were forbidden , resulting in plays that featured only male characters . These plays continued to have erotic content and generally featured many wakashū roles , often dealing in themes of nanshoku ( male homosexuality ) ; officials responded by banning wakashū roles as well . The ban on onnagata was lifted in 1644 , and on wakashū in 1652 , on the condition that all actors , regardless of role , adopted the adult male hairstyle with shaved pate . Onnagata and wakashū actors soon began wearing a small purple headscarf ( murasaki bōshi or katsura ) to cover the shaved portion , which became iconic signifiers of their roles and eventually became invested with erotic significance as a result . After authorities rescinded a ban on wig-wearing by onnagata and wakashū actors , the murasaki bōshi was replaced by a wig and now survives in a few older plays and as a ceremonial accessory . After film was introduced in Japan at the end of the 19th century , the oyama continued to portray females in movies until the early 1920s . At that time , however , using real female actresses was coming into fashion with the introduction of realist shingeki films . The oyama staged a protest at Nikkatsu in 1922 in backlash against the lack of work because of this . Kabuki , however , remains all-male even today . Oyama continue to appear in Kabuki today , though the term onnagata has come to be used much more commonly . Every Kabuki actor is expected to have facility with onnagata techniques ; and while is it tempting for Western opinion to equate onnagata with mere cross-dressing , or female impersonation , no kabuki actor 's training is complete without mastery of what constitutes the techniques the Kabuki onnagata . The phenomenon is best identified with the kangi , 女形 , for there is no English equivalent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a8f30b1fc46084ecada0de5842c4804", "text": "Nobody's Boy: Remi is a Japanese anime series by Tokyo Movie Shinsha . The story is based upon French author Hector Malot 's novel Sans Famille in France . The anime is well known in Hong Kong , Taiwan , Latin America , Quebec , France , Italy , the Arab world , Indonesia and Philippines . A movie version by the same studio and director was released in 1980 . In the Philippines , the anime was originally shown between 1979 and 1980 . However , like the other contemporary anime broadcast in the same period ( Ron-ron , Candy Candy , Heidi , etc. ) , the full story was not shown . It was only after nearly twenty years that it was shown in full , under the title `` Remi '' on ABS-CBN , this time in Tagalog . ImaginAsian attempted to make the show available in America through on-demand DVD , but with no success . However , it is still available in streaming format on Hulu . In 1996 , a new adaptation of this story was aired in Japan . was created by Nippon Animation as part of their famous World Masterpiece Theater series .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e42aeaf2f64d3531a60514cd0cf075d5	Hayley Atwell is an actress who appeared in several films.	[ { "docid": "5bff8df02c2c27e703751207186b78c7", "text": "Hayley Atwell Hayley Elizabeth Atwell ( born 5 April 1982 ) is a British-American actress , She is known for her work in stage productions such as A View from the Bridge , and onscreen , she is often cast in period pieces , such as the 2007 thriller Cassandra 's Dream , the 2008 drama The Duchess , the 2010 historical drama miniseries The Pillars of the Earth . She is best known for her portrayal of Peggy Carter in various films and television series set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , including the ABC action-adventure series Agent Carter .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d2c66f1c082f697bc1912594f663416f", "text": "List of British actors and actresses This list of notable actors and actresses from the United Kingdom includes performers in film , radio , stage and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5703e53967fd8dbe59fff1b249d3e9da", "text": "I, Anna I , Anna is a 2012 noir thriller film written and directed by Barnaby Southcombe and based on Elsa Lewin 's novel of the same name . The film stars Southcombe 's mother Charlotte Rampling alongside Gabriel Byrne and Hayley Atwell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732915530a1544994c1ef80ccf8f1b31", "text": "Helen Haye Helen Haye ( 28 August 1874 -- 1 September 1957 ) was a British stage and film actress . Born Helen Hay , she began acting on the stage in 1898 and debuted in London in 1911 as Gertrude in Hamlet . Her film career began in 1917 . She often worked with director Alexander Korda . She made her final film appearance in Laurence Olivier 's Richard III ( 1955 ) , as the Duchess of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08931a3823dd4048a181d7d1130379a", "text": "Kate Winslet filmography Kate Winslet is a British actress and singer who has appeared in numerous films and television series . Her film debut was as Juliet Hulme in the 1994 film Heavenly Creatures . She went on to appear in the later 1990s films Sense and Sensibility as Marianne Dashwood ( 1995 ) , which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , Jude as Sue Bridehead ( 1996 ) , Hamlet as Ophelia ( 1996 ) and Titanic as Rose DeWitt Bukater ( 1997 ) . For her role in Titanic , it earned her Best Actress nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award . In the 2000s , she was cast in Enigma with Dougray Scott ( 2001 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind with Jim Carrey ( 2004 ) , Finding Neverland with Johnny Depp ( 2004 ) , The Holiday with Jack Black ( 2006 ) , The Reader with David Kross ( 2008 ) and Revolutionary Road with Leonardo DiCaprio ( 2008 ) , her second collaboration with him , the first being in Titanic . She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Reader . She also lent her voice to the animated film Flushed Away in 2006 with Hugh Jackman . In 2011 , Winslet starred in the all-star cast films , in Contagion with Marion Cotillard , Matt Damon , Jude Law and Gwyneth Paltrow and in Carnage alongside Jodie Foster , Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly . In 2014 , she played Jeanine Matthews in the first film of the series , Divergent , based on the novel of the same name . She reprised the role in the 2015 sequel Insurgent . In 2015 , she starred in titular role in The Dressmaker and as an ex marketing chief of Apple Joanna Hoffman in a biopic Steve Jobs , earning her seventh Oscar nomination . Her television work includes appearing in several episodes of the series Dark Season in 1991 , and three episodes on Get Back from 1992 to 1993 . In 2005 , she appeared in an episode of Extras as herself and received her first Emmy nomination and went on to win one for her portrayal of Mildred Pierce Beragon in Todd Haynes 's 2011 miniseries Mildred Pierce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a9e3ceaed6e2f9ae739afd5b4df510b", "text": "Animal Farm (1999 film) Animal Farm is a made-for-TV film released in 1999 by Hallmark Films and broadcast on the American cable channel TNT . It is an adaptation of the 1945 George Orwell novel of the same name . The film tells the story of farm animals successfully revolting against their human owner , only to slide into a more brutal tyranny among themselves . The film received mixed reviews when it was broadcast , with much criticism directed at its ending .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db549dde7a43244528c0ecc48a4f4c9b", "text": "Once a Crook Once a Crook is a 1941 British crime film directed by Herbert Mason , produced by Edward Black for 20th Century Fox and featuring Gordon Harker , Sydney Howard , Bernard Lee , Kathleen Harrison , and Raymond Huntley . It is an adaptation to the big screen from a stage play by Evadne Price and Ken Attiwell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72ff52b0de40ec8b27c13de38742efa6", "text": "Amy Hall Amy Hall is an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcb3a64abd376ab35e4be4782d8eb705", "text": "Anne One Hundred Anne One Hundred is a 1933 British drama film directed by Henry Edwards and starring Betty Stockfeld , Gyles Isham and Dennis Wyndham . It was based on the play Anne One Hundred Percent by Sewell Collins . It was made at Elstree Studios as a quota quickie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb73ba9fb5061e1db26aed4055727110", "text": "The Manchester Man (film) The Manchester Man is a 1920 British silent drama film directed by Bert Wynne and starring Hayford Hobbs , Aileen Bagot and Joan Hestor . It was an adaptation of the 1876 novel The Manchester Man by Isabella Banks . It follows the lifetime of a Manchester resident Jabez Clegg during the turbulent 19th century . The plot has been summarized by Denis Gifford as `` Lancashire , 1800 . Clerk loves merchant 's daughter who elopes with crook . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adb3ddc1d98afb3666dd5c9b752a763b", "text": "The Frightened Lady The Frightened Lady may refer to : The Frightened Lady ( 1932 film ) , known in the US as Criminal at Large , a 1932 British film directed by T. Hayes Hunter The Case of the Frightened Lady ( film ) ( aka The Frightened Lady ) , a 1940 British film directed by George King", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c317ff34b10fdfbc791b24ab4d27496", "text": "Fettered (film) Fettered is a 1919 British silent drama film directed by Arrigo Bocchi and starring Manora Thew , Hayford Hobbs and Fred Morgan . The film is based on a novel by Joan Sutherland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "965859e53a36af2c4950b91929079448", "text": "Hay Festival The Hay Festival of Literature & Arts is an annual literature festival held in Hay-on-Wye , Powys , Wales , for ten days from May to June . Devised by Norman and Peter Florence in 1988 , the festival was described by Bill Clinton in 2001 as `` The Woodstock of the mind '' . Tony Benn said : `` In my mind it 's replaced Christmas '' . Florence continues to be director of the Festival . Hay-on-Wye was already well known for its many bookshops before the festival was launched . Richard Booth opened his first shop there in 1962 , and by the 1970s Hay had gained the nickname `` The Town of Books '' . From its inception , the festival was held at a variety of venues around Hay , including the local Primary School , until 2005 when it moved to a unified location just south of the town . The Guardian was the main sponsor of the festival from 2002 to 2010 , succeeding The Sunday Times . The Daily Telegraph and its associated brands in Telegraph Media Group had two terms as 3-year sponsors , starting with the 2011 festival . From 2017 , the Tata Group and Baillie Gifford are amongst the principal sponsors , along with the BBC and many non-media companies such as the Arts Council of Wales and the British Council . The festival has expanded over the years to include musical performances and film previews . A children 's festival , `` Hay Fever '' , runs alongside the main festival . It has also expanded internationally and sister festivals take place in Arequipa , Nairobi , Dhaka , Zacatecas , The Maldives , Kerala at Thiruvananthapuram , Beirut , Belfast , Cartagena , the Alhambra Palace , Parc Prison in Bridgend and Segovia . In 2009 Hay Festival also took on the ailing Brecon Jazz Festival . It is run by a not-for-profit company , and entrance is free to students . The Hay Festival was one of 11 Welsh winners of The Queen 's Awards for Enterprise for 2009 . The 2009 festival included writers Carol Ann Duffy , David Simon , Stephen Fry , David Nicholls , Jenny Valentine and Melvyn Bragg , scientists Martin Rees and Sabine Bahn , economists Anthony Giddens , Nicholas Stern , Howard Davies and Danny Quah , comedians Dylan Moran , Dara Ó Briain and Sandi Toksvig , and general speakers David Frost , Desmond Tutu , Rowan Williams and Rhodri Morgan . The 2012 festival included writers Martin Amis , Jung Chang , Louis de Bernières , Mark Haddon , Mario Vargas Llosa , Hilary Mantel , Ian McEwan , Michael Morpurgo , Ben Okri , Ian Rankin , Salman Rushdie , Owen Sheers , Jeanette Winterson , comedians Bill Bailey , Rob Brydon , Julian Clary , Jack Dee , Tim Minchin , politicians Peter Hain and Boris Johnson , scientists John D. Barrow , Martin Rees , Simon Singh , and general speakers Harry Belafonte , William Dalrymple , Stephen Fry , A.C. Grayling , Germaine Greer , Michael Ignatieff , and David Starkey . Sessions at the Hay Festival have been recorded for television and radio programmes such as The Readers ' and Writers ' Roadshow and The One Show . All the BBC 's national radio channels apart from Radio One have been involved in broadcasting from the festival , and Sky Arts showed highlights of the festival from 2010 until 2013 , handing over the main coverage to the BBC for the 2014 event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "021e41c472bc90a5826767c1aa7e065f", "text": "Vivien Leigh Vivien Leigh ( born Vivian Mary Hartley , and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947 ; 5 November 19138 July 1967 ) was a British stage and film actress . She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , a role she had also played on stage in London 's West End in 1949 . She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich ( 1963 ) . After her drama school education , Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England ( 1937 ) . Lauded for her beauty , Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress . Despite her fame as a screen actress , Leigh was primarily a stage performer . During her 30-year career , she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia , Cleopatra , Juliet , and Lady Macbeth . Later in life , she performed as a character actress in a few films . At the time , the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband Laurence Olivier , who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960 . Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions , with Olivier often directing , and in three films . She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with , and for much of her adult life she suffered from bipolar disorder as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis , which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately claimed her life at the age of 53 . Although her career had periods of inactivity , in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dbfd1cea9ace7721909ada2d6207b8", "text": "List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 . Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "599d35912f1ecee057ba3ddcc10423a6", "text": "Athene Seyler Athene Seyler , CBE ( 31 May 188912 September 1990 ) was an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19c8e26b76020c308d8818864da813de", "text": "What the Butler Saw (1950 film) What the Butler Saw is a 1950 British comedy film directed by Godfrey Grayson and starring Edward Rigby , Henry Mollison and Mercy Haystead . It was made by Hammer Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f211e4b2fa60d68b14be3f3c813a7402", "text": "Haworth Pictures Corporation Haworth Pictures Corporation was a film studio established by American actor Sessue Hayakawa in March 1918 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82b8280873cc65ca6f621ffba6906fdc", "text": "Separate Tables (film) Separate Tables is a 1958 American drama film starring Rita Hayworth , Deborah Kerr , David Niven , Burt Lancaster , and Wendy Hiller , based on two one-act plays by Terence Rattigan that were collectively known by this name . Niven and Hiller won Academy Awards for their performances . The picture was directed by Delbert Mann and adapted for the screen by Rattigan , John Gay and an uncredited John Michael Hayes . Mary Grant and Edith Head designed the film 's costumes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d6da85bc73aac268908b511ee8a9a040	Jerry Lewis is an American.	[ { "docid": "7a7d896d62aa694f7c5ad31c68c1552f", "text": "Jerry Lewis Jerry Lewis ( born Joseph Levitch ; March 16 , 1926 ) is an American actor , comedian , singer , film producer , film director , screenwriter and humanitarian . He is known for his slapstick humor in film , television , stage and radio . He and Dean Martin were partners as the hit popular comedy duo of Martin and Lewis . Following that success , he was a solo star in motion pictures , nightclubs , television shows , concerts , album recordings and musicals . Lewis served as national chairman of the Muscular Dystrophy Association and hosted the live Labor Day broadcast of the Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon for 44 years . Lewis has received several awards for lifetime achievements from the American Comedy Awards , Los Angeles Film Critics Association , Venice Film Festival , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and been honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "96cd4d6963273939b1b6214f6e68df7a", "text": "Touching Home (album) Touching Home is an album by Jerry Lee Lewis that was released on Mercury Records in 1971 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "100f26f3d1e070b72697a67d9303c412", "text": "John Lewis (civil rights leader) John Robert Lewis ( born February 21 , 1940 ) is an American politician and civil rights leader . He is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1987 , and is the dean of the Georgia congressional delegation . His district includes three quarters of Atlanta . Lewis , who as chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ( SNCC ) was one of the `` Big Six '' leaders of groups who organized the 1963 March on Washington , played many key roles in the Civil Rights Movement and its actions to end legalized racial segregation in the United States . A member of the Democratic Party , Lewis is a member of the Democratic leadership of the U.S. House of Representatives and has served as a Chief Deputy Whip since 1991 and Senior Chief Deputy Whip since 2003 . Lewis has been awarded many honorary degrees and is the recipient of numerous awards from eminent national and international institutions , including the highest civilian honor , the Presidential Medal of Freedom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b069f5970d9c8f67de4a7fadf7abd69b", "text": "Dee Caruso Dee Caruso ( April 7 , 1929 -- May 27 , 2012 ) was an American television and film screenwriter and television producer , whose credits included Get Smart , The Monkees and The Smothers Brothers Show . Caruso and his longtime writing partner , Gerald Gardner , frequently collaborated on projects . The writing duo were the head writers for the 1960s television comedy series , Get Smart . Caruso began his career by writing for stand-up comedians at nightclubs , including Don Adams and Allen & Rossi , the comedy team of Marty Allen and Steve Rossi . Caruso and writing partner , Gerald Gardner , were head writers for Get Smart . They duo continued to collaborate on projects throughout their career . Caruso and Gardner wrote 22 episodes of The Monkees , which aired from 1966 to 1968 . In 1965 , Caruso and Gardner were part of the writing staff which won an Emmy for their work on David Frost 's That Was The Week That Was . They co-produced The Red Skelton Show . Together , they wrote other episodes of The Smothers Brothers Show , What 's Happening !! , The Ghost & Mrs. Muir , Happy Days and The Bill Cosby Show . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote a 1966 episode of Gilligan 's Island , `` The Producer , '' which guest starred Phil Silvers . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote television specials for Jerry Lewis , Bill Cosby , Robin Williams , Debbie Reynolds , Don Rickles and Jack Benny . Additionally , the pair wrote several television films , including Break Up , which starred Bernadette Peters in 1973 ; and How to Break Up a Happy Divorce , a 1976 NBC television movie starring Barbara Eden , which the duo also produced . Dee Caruso and Gardner also worked on several feature film projects . They co-wrote Which Way to the Front ? , a 1970 satirical war flick starring Jerry Lewis ; The World 's Greatest Athlete , a 1973 Walt Disney production starring John Amos and Jan-Michael Vincent ; and Doin ' Time , a 1985 Warner Brothers film . Caruso and his wife , Sandra Caruso , co-taught a class , called `` What 's Funny , What 's Not , '' for ten years at the UCLA Extension Writers ' Program . Caruso then became a screenwriting professor at the UCLA School of Theater , Film and Television , where he taught for more than twenty years . Dee Caruso died of pneumonia at his home in Brentwood , Los Angeles , on May 27 , 2012 , at the age of 83 . He was survived by his wife of 47 years , Sandra Caruso . His memorial service was held at the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1616fcb130d8406ef1190cdfa3f7a2d", "text": "Hollywood or Bust Hollywood or Bust is a 1956 film comedy starring the team of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis . The picture was filmed from April 16 to June 19 , 1956 and released on December 6 , 1956 by Paramount Pictures , almost five months after the Martin and Lewis partnership split up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36eeb61ed5ece44dc296e3567f43676b", "text": "Jerry (film) Jerry is a 2006 Indian comedy film . The film was earlier titled Idhuthan Kadhal Enbathaa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f3c604629489aff888b90ca2766b37c", "text": "Jerry Sanders Jerry Sanders may refer to : Jerry Sanders ( businessman ) ( born 1936 ) , co-founder and CEO of American semiconductor manufacturer Advanced Micro Devices Jerry Don Sanders ( born 1948 ) , American football player and coach Jerry Sanders ( politician ) ( born 1950 ) , American politician in California", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca2447009fae744625f2dcb33a537854", "text": "Jerry Raymond Jerry Raymond was an American football coach in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dca17170fa4be7c6833af32ed9c363db", "text": "Herman Lewis Herman Lewis was an American sound engineer . He was nominated for three Academy Awards in the category Best Sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7f926a0b954b9f180726d1e6d2fb49f", "text": "Jerry Ellis (author) Jerry Ellis ( born 1947 ) is an American author of fiction and non-fiction works best known for the book Walking the Trail written after he walked the 900 mile route of the Cherokee Trail of Tears . Ellis has been profiled and his books reviewed in several national and regional publications and on public television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d70a45128725e1352a54eac11daa40e", "text": "Edwin Lewis Edwin Lewis ( 1881 -- 1959 ) was an American Methodist theologian primarily associated with Drew University in New Jersey . Born in Great Britain , Lewis traveled to Canada as a missionary before continuing his education in the United States . He eventually became a professor of theology at Drew . Lewis ' early work demonstrates the influence of Boston personalism , a school of Protestant liberal theology widespread among Methodists during the first half of the 20th century , and British idealism . His book Jesus Christ and the Human Quest is an example of his early perspective . In the book , Lewis argues that the Christian faith has its foundation in the nature of persons and personhood . In 1929 he was named editor of the Abingdon Bible Commentary . While preparing the massive reference work , Lewis claimed to have `` rediscovered the Bible '' for himself . He reacted strongly to the 1931 Laymen 's Missionary Report , which he believed hampered the Christian missionary effort , in his article `` The Re-thought Theology of the Re-thinking of Missions '' which appeared in the Christian Century . Growing more suspicious of the subjective theological liberalism of the day , he published A Christian Manifesto in 1934 . In the book , Lewis railed against liberal theology ( which he referred to as modernism ) , reasserting classical Christian themes such as the transcendence of God , the sinfulness of humankind , the divinity of Christ , and the objective work of the atonement . Lewis wrote : `` No statement of Christian belief which does not include a supernatural reference ... is a true statement . `` 1 He followed A Christian Manifesto with A Philosophy of Christian Revelation and The Creator and the Adversary , both of which continued his reclamation of Christian orthodoxy from an Arminian perspective . Lewis argued that God triumphs over evil by outsuffering and outloving his adversary .2 Lewis ' work proved influential to an entire generation of Methodist theologians , notably Carl Michalson and Albert C. Outler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc5f68388f93db9e87cfe12bb95bda91", "text": "Jerry London (wrestler) Jerry Linden ( 1929 -- 20 August 1970 ) , or Jerry Atkins , better known by the ring name Jerry London , was a Canadian professional wrestler and former world champion , most notably holding the NWA World Middleweight Championship in 1966 . A journeyman wrestler , he wrestled throughout the world for various wrestling promotions : Atlantic Grand Prix Wrestling , Capitol Wrestling Corporation , Empresa Mexicana de la Lucha Libre , Florida Championship Wrestling , Georgia Championship Wrestling , Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling , Japan Wrestling Association , Jim Crockett Promotions , Maple Leaf Wrestling , NWA Mid-Pacific Promotions , NWA San Francisco , and NWA Tri-State . Linden committed suicide on August 20 , 1970 , hours after losing a bout at the Cow Palace in San Francisco , California . His suicide was one of several deaths to occur during the `` Golden Age of Wrestling '' along with Yukon Eric , George Drake and Skull Murphy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e63184c7dd1f1531d94798984c3ac3ea", "text": "Jerry Garcia Jerome John Garcia ( August 1 , 1942 -- August 9 , 1995 ) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist , best known for his work as the lead guitarist and as a vocalist with the band the Grateful Dead , which came to prominence during the counterculture era in the 1960s . Although he disavowed the role , Garcia was viewed by many as the leader or `` spokesman '' of the group . One of its founders , Garcia performed with the Grateful Dead for their entire thirty-year career ( 1965 -- 1995 ) . Garcia also founded and participated in a variety of side projects , including the Saunders -- Garcia Band ( with longtime friend Merl Saunders ) , the Jerry Garcia Band , Old and in the Way , the Garcia/Grisman acoustic duo , Legion of Mary , and the New Riders of the Purple Sage ( which Garcia co-founded with John Dawson and David Nelson ) . He also released several solo albums , and contributed to a number of albums by other artists over the years as a session musician . He was well known for his distinctive guitar playing and was ranked 13th in Rolling Stone 's `` 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' cover story . Later in life , Garcia was sometimes ill because of his diabetes , and in 1986 went into a diabetic coma that nearly cost him his life . Although his overall health improved somewhat after that , he also struggled with heroin and cocaine addictions , and was staying in a California drug rehabilitation facility when he died of a heart attack in August 1995 at the age of 53 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36961bc07e7951a855db3e243ab4049a", "text": "Jerry Williams (singer) Jerry Williams ( born Sven Erik Fernström ; 15 April 1942 ) , a Swedish rock and roll singer and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a935357ad1dd4d5729209051f6c72d7", "text": "Eliot Lewis Eliot Lewis ( born March 10 , 1962 ) is an American rock , R&B and soul singer , keyboardist , guitarist , bassist , drummer , songwriter , and producer . He is best known for his work with Average White Band ( 1989-2002 ) and Hall & Oates ( 2003-present ) . Lewis is also an integral part of Live From Daryl 's House , a monthly Internet-based show hosted by Daryl Hall that is now carried by several television and cable networks across the United States . In addition , Lewis maintains his own work and solo career as a multi-instrumentalist and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8365a24d7b35f4506554729747e3389e", "text": "Mark Lewis (storyteller) Mark Lewis ( February 16 , 1954 -- December 7 , 2014 ) was an American storyteller , actor , and teacher . He began his storytelling career while a student at John Muir High School in Pasadena , California , winning regional drama competitions with his telling of `` How the Grinch Stole Christmas '' and `` Jabberwocky '' , two pieces that became staples of his professional storytelling repertory . In 1971 , he formed a performing partnership with singer-songwriter-actor Craig Coulter , and together , as Coulter & Lewis , they developed an enthusiastic local following performing songs ( some original ) , poetry , children 's stories , and skits . This was the beginning of Lewis 's professional career . Among their earliest engagements were regular appearances at the comedy club `` The Ice House '' in Pasadena . In the early 1980s , in the final seasons of the Coulter & Lewis partnership , the duo performed shows at the Smothers Theater at Pepperdine University and was engaged by the Los Angeles Music Center to perform in Los Angeles area schools with the `` Music Center on Tour '' program . Lewis was part of the Renaissance Pleasure Faires that took place in Agoura , California in the 1970s - 1990s , serving first as the black-hooded and silent Executioner . He later took on speaking roles that allowed him to share his storytelling gifts with Faire-goers . Lewis received two Emmy Awards for his show `` Word Pictures '' on WTTW in Chicago , and he had a syndicated radio show . He appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and his voice can still be heard on the Pirates of the Caribbean ride in Disneyland . He was a featured performer on the TV series Northern Exposure on CBS and Leverage on TNT ( as Santa/Jack in `` The Ho Ho Ho Job '' , 2012 ) . Lewis was an illustrator and he wrote four books , among them Kaliban 's Christmas : A Special Tale of Magic ( Puffin Books , 1987 ) , The Secret of the Quilt ( Book One of The Counterpane Collection ) with illustrations by Laura Kelly ( Laughing Moon Productions , 1992 ) , and the ibook Anna and the Sun ( Lulu.com , 2011 ) . He performed in several films and commercials for national audiences and worked as a Creative Content Provider for Microsoft , Disney Imagineering , Universal Studios , and Silicon Gaming Inc. . He was a real magician as a storyteller . Lewis organized storytelling workshops , and he was a member of the faculty at Unitarian Universalist Camp de Benneville Pines Family Camp and Camp Bravo , a summer theater camp for teens , teaching storytelling and stagecraft . He was a part-time college professor of Presentation Skills in the University of Oregon School of Journalism and Communication in Eugene . He also volunteered for the Oregon chapter of the International Thespian Society . Lewis died on December 7 , 2014 , of medical complications following foot surgery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c82a33cc3f086305bc86852c9cfe9850", "text": "Joe Lewis Joe Lewis may refer to : Joe E. Lewis ( 1902 -- 1971 ) , American comedian Joe Lewis ( British businessman ) ( born 1937 ) , British currency trader and businessman Joe Lewis ( martial artist ) ( 1944 -- 2012 ) , American martial artist Joe Lewis ( footballer ) ( born 1987 ) , English footballer Joe Lewis ( born 1953 ) , American visual artist and educator", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddfd8eb4a424353ef83937d694155431", "text": "Nick Tosches Nick Tosches ( -LSB- ˈtɑːʃəs -RSB- born October 17 or 23 , 1949 ) is an American journalist , novelist , biographer , and poet . His 1982 biography of Jerry Lee Lewis , Hellfire , was praised by Rolling Stone magazine as `` the best rock and roll biography ever written . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e48938e7bdeb1b8d93145a4ade3b1b31", "text": "Jerry Rice Award The Jerry Rice Award is awarded annually in the United States to the most outstanding freshman player in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) of college football as chosen by a nationwide panel of media and college sports information directors . The trophy is named in honor of Jerry Rice the National Football League ( NFL ) hall of fame wide receiver , who starred at Mississippi Valley State University .", "title": "" } ]	fever
aca955c0ed1c575e89ba2fe508092b49	Amy Ryan stars in Bridge of Spies.	[ { "docid": "1a6a8ff8d154fd4c395aa5cdf5ac480f", "text": "Bridge of Spies (film) Bridge of Spies is a 2015 historical drama legal thriller film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg , written by Matt Charman , Ethan and Joel Coen and stars Tom Hanks , Mark Rylance , Amy Ryan and Alan Alda . Set during the Cold War , the film tells the story of lawyer James B. Donovan , who is entrusted with negotiating the release of Francis Gary Powers -- a U.S. Air Force pilot whose U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960 -- in exchange for Rudolf Abel , a convicted Soviet KGB spy held under the custody of the United States , whom he represented at trial . The name of the film refers to the Glienicke Bridge , which connects Potsdam with Berlin , where the prisoner exchange took place . The film was an international co-production of the United States and Germany . Bridge of Spies was shot under the working title of St. James Place . Principal photography began on September 8 , 2014 , in Brooklyn , New York City , and the production proceeded at Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam . The film was released by Touchstone Pictures on October 16 , 2015 , in the United States and distributed by 20th Century Fox in other territories . It was a box office success , grossing $ 165 million worldwide , and received positive reviews , garnering praise for its direction , screenplay , acting , score , and production merits . The film received six Academy Award nominations including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay , and won Best Supporting Actor for Rylance .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8b5d577203e88f321854b107302a65c4", "text": "Totally Spies! Totally Spies ! is a French-Canadian animated spy comedy television series created by Vincent Chalvon-Demersay and David Michel and produced by Marathon Media Group and Image Entertainment Corporation . The show was made to resemble anime styles and was originally based on the concept of a girl band . It focuses on three teenage girls in Beverly Hills , California , United States , who work as undercover super agents . Totally Spies ! was first seen on November 3 , 2001 on ABC Family in the United States . It premiered on TF1 in France on April 3 , 2002 , and on Teletoon in Canada on September 2 , 2002 . Since the series ' debut , 156 episodes have been broadcast , completing its sixth season to date . This includes several specials and a theatrical movie production , made and released between the fourth and fifth season . It has been broadcast in over 150 territories internationally . Several products tied to the series have been released , which include a series of comic books and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33e7422334fa6e7fe069b3f611299dfd", "text": "Chloe Bennet Chloe Bennet ( born Chloé Wang , April 18 , 1992 ) is an American actress and singer . She is commonly known for her role as Daisy Johnson ( formerly known as Skye ) in the ABC spy-fi series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b65a5279b0c4c64ce53a5d0bcd9b6b8d", "text": "Tony Van Bridge Valentine Anthony Neil `` Tony Van '' Bridge CM ( 28 May 1917 -- 20 December 2004 ) was a British television and theatre actor and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed22f600625bc3087458232163898b6", "text": "Amber Marshall Amber Marshall ( born June 2 , 1988 ) is a Canadian actress , singer and equestrian best known for playing Amy Fleming on the CBC series Heartland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb9bf5f64b9b730f535a1d31b616387c", "text": "London Bridges London Bridges is the tenth novel by James Patterson featuring the former Washington , D.C. homicide detective and forensic psychiatrist and current FBI agent Alex Cross .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae78d1f1e95186f3c56f7f8d518e193e", "text": "Abby (Doctor Who) Abby , originally named Amy , is a fictional character played by Ciara Janson in a series of audio plays produced by Big Finish Productions based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . A human `` tracer '' , a device designed to track down the segments of the Key to Time , she is a companion of the Fifth Doctor . After her travels with the Doctor , Abby , alongside her sister Zara , would return in their own audio series , Graceless .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecb464d56c98565df910289306b9d9ed", "text": "Von Ryan's Express Von Ryan 's Express is a World War II adventure film , released in 1965 , about a group of Allied prisoners of war who conduct a daring escape by hijacking a freight train and fleeing through German-occupied Italy to Switzerland . It stars Frank Sinatra and Trevor Howard , and is based on the novel by David Westheimer . It was directed by Mark Robson . The film changes several aspects of the novel , most notably the ending , which is considerably more upbeat in the book . It became one of Frank Sinatra 's most successful films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6ee6abd0424ff57bbb7ca83e9e63e12", "text": "Hawkeye Collins and Amy Adams Christopher `` Hawkeye '' Collins and Amy ( Amanda ) Adams are a pair of 12-year-old fictional detectives , the main characters in a series of children 's novels titled Can You Solve The Mystery ? , credited to M. Masters ( a pseudonym used by different writers ) , originally published from 1983 -- 1985 , by Meadowbrook Press . The series was republished in 1992 , 2006-2007 by Spotlight ( ABDO Publishing Company ) and most recently in 2013 by Meadowbrook Press as Can You Solve The Mystery ? .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b71c8c83c61262e8d02731d77934f6a6", "text": "Amy Barnes Amy Knight ( also Barnes ) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks , played by Ashley Slanina-Davies . She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 14 November 2005 . Amy was created by executive producer David Hanson and Slanina-Davies was offered the role whilst looking for work as an extra . In 2009 , Slanina-Davies stated that she would be lost without the role and confirmed her loyalty to the serial . In July 2010 , it was announced that Slanina-Davies would be leaving the show . However it was revealed that she was back filming and staying in the serial in 2011 . Amy 's storylines have included underage pregnancy which resulted in the birth of daughter Leah Barnes and the subject of domestic abuse in her relationship with Ste Hay , portrayed by Kieron Richardson respectively . Whilst filming the storyline Slanina-Davies cut her long hair off for charity and this was scripted into the storyline . Amy has also been part of a storyline which saw her pretending her daughter was suffering from leukaemia to scam money out of the community , off-screen this prompted Slanina-Davies to campaign for leukaemia and cancer charity CLIC Sargent and Women 's Aid . The issue of post-natal depression has been portrayed following the birth of her second child Lucas Hay . Slanina-Davies has also revealed that she has conducted extensive research into all of her issue-lead storylines . In 2012 , it was announced that Slanina-Davies would be written out of the serial . Amy departed on 8 August 2012 . Amy has returned for guest appearances in 2013 , 2014 and returned to the show on a permanent basis in August 2016 . In January 2017 , it was revealed that Amy would be departing later in the year in a `` whodunit '' storyline which would see the character killed-off , making the second Barnes character to be killed off since her sister Sarah in 2009 . She made her final appearance as a corpse on 29 March 2017 , however continued to appear in flashback appearances throughout the storyline . Amy 's funeral was held on 25 April 2017 , with characters such as her mother , Kathy ( Sarah Jane Buckley ) , and Zoe Carpenter ( Zoë Lister ) , returning for her funeral .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3435b76a83277a7d6f10a26e780206ed", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2) The second season of The Secret Life of the American Teenager , an American television series created by Brenda Hampton , debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday , June 22 , 2009 at 8:00 PM . Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley , India Eisley , Daren Kagasoff , Francia Raisa , Kenny Baumann , Molly Ringwald , Mark Derwin , Megan Park , and Greg Finley II . Following the first season , Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars . Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character 's storyline and eventually departed the series after its January return . Following the success of its first season , ABC Family announced on January 31 , 2009 , plans to renew Secret Life , following the cancellation of its hit sci-fi TV show , Kyle XY . The official press release was released on February 9 with ABC Family ordering 24 episodes for season two . Season 2 began with 12 episodes broadcast starting June 22 , 2009 . Though marketed as the season finale , the mid season finale aired on September 7 , 2009 , with the second half of the season returning on January 4 , 2010 . The second 12 episodes finished their run on March 22 , 2010 . The season premiere of Secret Life brought in the largest audience for the show so far , with a record breaking 4.68 million viewers . It brought in the second largest audience in adults 18-34 with 1.40 million viewers , behind season one 's mid-season finale . 2.10 million adults 18-49 watched `` The Big One '' along with 1.60 million females between the ages 18 -- 34 . The season premiere remains the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 in Adults 18-34 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 with more than three million viewers watching . The mid-season premiere also brought in the show 's second largest audience in total viewers , with more than 4.55 million people watching . This season , Amy Juergens must deal with juggling motherhood and high school , while her family and friends experience relationship challenges of their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c54f418778287f4b8f66f525226687", "text": "Playing It Cool Playing It Cool ( formerly known as A Many Splintered Thing ) is an American romantic comedy film directed by Justin Reardon and written by Chris Shafer and Paul Vicknair . The film stars Chris Evans , Michelle Monaghan , Anthony Mackie , Aubrey Plaza , Patrick Warburton , Ashley Tisdale , Ioan Gruffudd , and Topher Grace . The film was released on video on demand starting on March 31 , 2015 before a limited release on May 8 , 2015 by Vertical Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76cb3ae74bd8fec94154c78c8b82bfe2", "text": "Harriet the Spy (film) Harriet the Spy is a 1996 American family comedy film based on the 1964 novel of the same name by Louise Fitzhugh . The film stars Michelle Trachtenberg in her film debut , and is the directorial debut of Bronwen Hughes . Produced by Paramount Pictures , Nickelodeon Movies and Rastar , it was the first film produced under the Nickelodeon Movies banner and the first of two film adaptations of the Harriet the Spy books . In theaters , the remade pilot episode of Hey Arnold ! was shown before the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc1886fa0d33354562352977fa751563", "text": "Across the Bridge of Hope Across the Bridge of Hope is a compilation album created and recorded in support of victims of the Omagh bombings , by Tim Hegarty and Ross Graham . The album was released on July 13 , 1999 by White Records . The album included various songs by Irish artists , as well as two poem recitations by actor Liam Neeson . The album draws its name from the second of these two poems , written by twelve-year-old Sean McLaughlin , who wrote it shortly before he was killed in the bombing . The first track features a recitation of Seamus Heaney 's poem `` A Cure at Troy '' by Liam Neeson . The second track is a Sinéad O'Connor cover of `` Chiquitita '' . Van Morrison recorded an acoustic version of `` The Healing Game '' for this album . Also included were `` Please '' sung by the group U2 , `` The Island '' , by Paul Brady , and a version of `` Silent Night '' , sung by Enya . The money raised by the sales from the album were donated to the Omagh Fund , which supported the victims of the bombing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf0a9a882080305129c61fdf3d592d7d", "text": "Adrianne Palicki Adrianne Lee Palicki ( born May 6 , 1983 ) is an American actress best known for her roles as Tyra Collette in the television series Friday Night Lights ( 2006 -- 2011 ) and supporting roles in the films Legion ( 2010 ) , Red Dawn ( 2012 ) , G.I. Joe : Retaliation ( 2013 ) , and John Wick ( 2014 ) . She played Barbara `` Bobbi '' Morse on the ABC series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2014 -- 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce970c0ad6e1be546fed019e28e4a0b", "text": "Amy Carlson Amy Lynn Carlson ( born July 7 , 1968 ) is an American television actress , known for her roles as Linda Reagan in the CBS police procedural Blue Bloods , as Alex Taylor on the NBC drama Third Watch , and Josie Watts in the NBC daytime soap opera Another World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0deb899fc8632753abdf1e3215ce9ca5", "text": "Les Amants du Pont-Neuf Les Amants du Pont-Neuf ( -LSB- lez ‿ amɑ̃ dy pɔ̃ nœf -RSB- ) is a 1991 French film directed by Leos Carax , starring Juliette Binoche and Denis Lavant . The title refers to the Pont Neuf bridge in Paris . The North American title of the film is The Lovers on the Bridge , and , in a mistranslation of the original title , the Australian title is Lovers on the Ninth Bridge ( instead of `` Lovers on the New Bridge '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50b9e14e2c17e8f7f05eea8f0feefd65", "text": "Meredith Hagner Meredith Hagner ( born May 31 , 1987 ) is an American actress , best known for roles as Liberty Ciccone in the CBS daytime soap opera As the World Turns ( 2008 -- 2010 ) , and as Amy Jordan in the TBS sitcom Men at Work ( 2012 -- 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23e0511983eec73d7b2969f1a82de339", "text": "Ryan Gallagher Ryan Gallagher is a Scottish investigative journalist . He writes for The Intercept about security and civil liberties , reporting on classified documents leaked by former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden . He has previously worked for The Guardian , Slate , and the Financial Times . In August 2014 , Gallagher revealed the existence of ICREACH , an NSA search engine that he alleged is `` the largest system for internally sharing secret surveillance records in the United States . '' In March 2014 , with Glenn Greenwald , he revealed a joint NSA and British Government Communications Headquarters program to infect millions of computers with malware , a report that prompted Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg to personally call U.S. President Barack Obama to complain . In 2013 , Gallagher was threatened by a private security contractor while working on a story exposing the use of facial recognition technology at the Statue of Liberty in New York . He is listed on the New America Foundation 's website as a Future Tense Fellow under a program that seeks `` to bring exceptionally promising new voices and ideas into the nation 's public discourse . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "565cf7253df6b3f13c52074269b39a38", "text": "Daniel Ryan (actor) Daniel Ryan ( born 1968 as Daniel O'Brien ) is an English actor and writer . He is known for starring as Darren Alexander in the BBC drama comedy Linda Green , Andrew Gilligan in The Government Inspector , Andy Coulson in Steel River Blues and Kenny Reed in The Whistleblowers . His stage credits include Macbeth , A Midsummer Night 's Dream and Richard III . He also appeared as a man who was severely brain-damaged after drink and driving , in part of the COI 's Drinking And Driving Wrecks Lives campaign . In 2008 he appeared in Gethsemane , a new play by David Hare at the National Theatre . He also took over the role of Harry ( Sandy 's husband ) in the special reunion episodes of BBC sitcom As Time Goes By alongside Judi Dench and Geoffrey Palmer , the first actor to portray the part being David Michaels . Ryan also appeared in the 2008 Doctor Who episode `` Midnight '' . In 2010 he was very well received for his performance in Posh by Laura Wade at the Royal Court Theatre in London . As a writer , his work has been performed by the RSC and at the Edinburgh Festival . He appeared on the Teen Drama Skins as the father of the third generation character Rich Hardbeck in 2011 and 2012 . In 2014 , he appeared in Salting the Battlefield as Bill Catcheside . He is also known for playing the role of Dan in the Sky Living comedy-drama , Mount Pleasant since 2011 . In 2015 he appeared as Colonel Anthony Forbes-Leith in the BBC TV series Father Brown episode 3.9 `` The Truth in the Wine '' . He has played Welsh butcher Bryn Brindsley in the ITV war-time drama Home Fires from 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "170e89547c9069d604f6ac3e748b2b18", "text": "Secrets and Lies (U.S. TV series) Secrets and Lies is an American mystery anthology television series that aired on ABC from March 1 , 2015 to December 4 , 2016 . The series is based on the Australian television series of the same name , and developed for American television by Barbie Kligman . The series follows Detective Andrea Cornell ( Juliette Lewis ) as she investigates homicide cases . In the first season , Ben Crawford ( Ryan Phillippe ) becomes the prime suspect in the death of a young boy who lived in his neighborhood . In the second season , Cornell investigates Eric Warner ( Michael Ealy ) , a newly married heir to his family 's private equity firm , when his wife Kate is murdered . The series was renewed for a second season on May 7 , 2015 , which premiered on September 25 , 2016 and concluded on December 4 , 2016 . On May 11 , 2017 , ABC cancelled the series after two seasons .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f34dd5c2ee2a1233ca89f37f30e8bc18	Fred Trump's father was American.	[ { "docid": "154e29deaa028354e48dcb96c35ebef4", "text": "Fred Trump Frederick Christ Trump ( October 11 , 1905 -- June 25 , 1999 ) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist , primarily in New York City , and father of Donald Trump , the 45th President of the United States , and Maryanne Trump Barry , a United States Court of Appeals judge . Trump 's father , Frederick , died when Trump was 13 years old . By 15 , in partnership with his mother , Elizabeth Christ Trump , and non-family investors , Trump had begun a career in home construction and sales . The development company was incorporated as E. Trump & Son in 1927 , and grew to build and manage single-family houses in Queens , barracks and garden apartments for U.S. Navy personnel near major shipyards along the East Coast , and more than 27,000 apartments in New York City . Trump was investigated by a U.S. Senate committee for wartime profiteering ( 1954 ) , and by the U.S. Justice Department 's Civil Rights Division for civil rights violations ( 1973 ) . According to The New York Times and The Washington Post , the latter incident inspired a song by tenant and folk singer , Woody Guthrie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9f2786120c3ed9987a6d8fadceda803", "text": "Frederick Trump Frederick Trump ( born Friedrich Trump ; March 14 , 1869 -- May 27 , 1918 ) was a German American businessman . Born in Kallstadt , in the Kingdom of Bavaria ( now in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany ) , he emigrated to the United States at the age of 16 and started working as a barber . Several years later in 1891 , he moved to the Northwest . He made his fortune operating boom-town restaurants and boarding houses in Seattle and a mining town to the north , and in the Klondike Gold Rush . He later returned to Germany and married . When authorities found that he had emigrated when young to avoid fulfilling his military service , he lost his Bavarian citizenship ; he and his family returned to the United States . He worked as a barber and hotel manager , and began to acquire real estate in Queens . He was the father of Fred and John G. Trump , and grandfather of Donald Trump , the 45th President of the United States .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "40f8ca77f636d59959931794809f20d0", "text": "The Visionary The Visionary ( or The Entrepreneur ) is a 1989 painting of the American businessman and politician Donald Trump by the American artist Ralph Wolfe Cowan . It hangs in Trump 's Palm Beach , Florida , residence of Mar-a-Lago .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb96387913027e53a8aac94e41142fe5", "text": "Fred J. Rath Fred J. Rath ( October 15 , 1888 -- April 9 , 1968 ) was an American businessman and politician from New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2749004499ff1207df892929eb4010bc", "text": "Luis Quiñonez Luis Quiñonez is a Guatemalan-born American Vietnam War veteran and business executive . He serves as the chief executive officer of IQ Management Services , a mental health defense contractor . In December 2016 , he was interviewed by president-elect Donald Trump for the position of Secretary of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs . He serves as the president of the United States-Central American Chamber of Commerce , and he is a co-founder of the Hispanic College Fund .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4588971882de93c82511859ff7799781", "text": "Frederic Cameron Church, Jr. Frederic Cameron `` Fred '' Church , Jr. was an American businessman . His father founded Fred C. Church Insurance company in 1865 as a sole proprietorship in Lowell , Massachusetts . Fred . C. Church , Inc. currently has around 130 employees , with branch offices in Andover , MA , Dracut , MA , Haverhill , MA , Tewksbury , MA , Westford , MA , and Portsmouth , NH .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f2105a103031eaf84084aeb6c7926", "text": "Trump Vodka Trump Vodka was an American brand of vodka produced by The Trump Organization at the behest of its owner Donald Trump . The brand was launched in the United States in 2005 , but ceased production under the Trump name in 2011 when it failed to meet the required threshold for distribution . However , it is still sold in Israel , especially around the Jewish holiday of Passover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3e2b5cc5337bd41556da2ef1f53b7a8", "text": "Trump Home Trump Home is a brand of furniture and home items marketed by American businessman and now President of the United States Donald Trump and owned by Trump 's company , The Trump Organization . Trump Home was launched in July 2007 , with two furniture lines manufactured by Lexington Home Brands . A third furniture line was made available in 2008 , at which point the brand was available in more than 18 international territories . A year later , the company partnered with Serta to produce mattresses under the Trump Home name . A line of Trump-branded tabletop crystal , manufactured by a Slovenian company , was launched in 2010 . Trump Home has also sold light fixtures , rugs , bath and bedding collections , and a candle and fragrance diffuser collection . In 2011 , Lexington chose not to renew its licensing agreement with Trump Home . Two years later , Trump Home entered a partnership with furniture company Dorya International to manufacture Trump-branded furniture . Serta ended its affiliation with Trump Home after Donald Trump described Mexican immigrants as `` rapists '' while announcing his 2016 presidential campaign . Lifestyle , a Dubai-based retailer of Trump Home products , also ended their affiliation with the company in 2015 , after Trump announced his plan to ban all Muslims from entering the United States . Other retailers have discontinued sales of Trump Home products since Trump was elected in November 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4eb60cc7b4e8c3203a2c23268a217e5", "text": "Fred Brown (Alaska politician) Frederic Emil `` Fred '' Brown ( July 9 , 1943 -- June 27 , 2014 ) was an American attorney , electrical engineer , and politician . Fred Brown was born in Anchorage , Alaska on July 9 , 1943 . He moved with his family to Fairbanks , Alaska while still an infant , where he resided for the remainder of his life . Brown graduated from Lathrop High School . He then received his bachelor 's degree from the University of Alaska and his master 's degree from Stanford University , both in electrical engineering . In 1969 , Brown received his law degree from Columbia University School of Law and practiced law in Fairbanks , Alaska . Brown served in the Alaska House of Representatives from 1975 to 1983 as a Democrat . He was married to Helen , a Certified Public Accountant . He died in Fairbanks at age 70 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9c87a22d5ecf8b62977b67c1230f1cd", "text": "Freddie Roman Freddie Roman ( born Fred Kirschenbaum 1937 in Jamaica , Queens , New York ) is a Jewish-American stand-up comedian , best known for his frequent appearances at `` Borscht Belt '' hotels . Dubbed `` king of one liners '' , he is currently the Dean of the New York Friars ' Club . Roman currently resides in Fort Lee , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39f7fe2b113b658cbfbc4300bee42c02", "text": "Donald L. Trump Donald Lynn `` Skip '' Trump ( born July 31 , 1945 , in Greencastle , Indiana ) is an American oncologist who has been the director of the Inova Schar Cancer Institute in Falls Church , Virginia since January 2015 . He is not related to U.S. President Donald Trump .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53c2e445af384baa6345feb74bda367f", "text": "Humayun Khan (soldier) Humayun Saqib Muazzam Khan ( September 9 , 1976June 8 , 2004 ) was an American soldier . Born in the United Arab Emirates to Pakistani parents , he moved to the U.S. with his family as a young boy . He attended the University of Virginia , where he was a member of the Army Reserve Officers ' Training Corps . Upon graduating in 2000 , Khan was commissioned an officer in the United States Army and was deployed as a captain to Iraq during the Iraq War . In 2004 he was killed in a suicide attack near Baqubah , Iraq , and was posthumously awarded a Purple Heart and Bronze Star . Khan 's name came to national attention during the 2016 presidential campaign as an example of Muslim Americans serving in the military . At the 2016 Democratic National Convention , his father Khizr Khan , standing at the podium with his wife ( and Humayun 's mother ) Ghazala , delivered a speech condemning U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump 's statements on Muslims .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57cd58eeadbdcea49fdd99caa427baf0", "text": "John G. Trump John George Trump ( August 21 , 1907 -- February 21 , 1985 ) was an American electrical engineer , inventor , and physicist . He was a recipient of U.S. President Ronald Reagan 's National Medal of Science , and a member of the National Academy of Engineering . John Trump was noted for developing rotational radiation therapy . Together with Robert J. Van de Graaff , he developed one of the first million-volt X-ray generators . He was the paternal uncle of Donald Trump .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d9c84c526693ebc259596462c5a86d6", "text": "Frederick Dent Grant Frederick Dent Grant ( May 30 , 1850 -- April 12 , 1912 ) was a soldier and United States minister to Austria-Hungary . Grant was the first son of General of the Army and President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant and Julia Grant . He was named after his uncle , Frederick Tracy Dent . The Grant family came from a line of Scottish and Irish heritage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b6cb0f264a7e1eab33dee8bee1c8bc6", "text": "Fred Wertheimer Fredric Michael `` Fred '' Wertheimer ( born January 9 , 1939 ) is an American attorney , lobbyist , and activist notable for his work on campaign finance reform and other government integrity , transparency , and accountability issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef8557629a491a8d16dbcd9bea8dd739", "text": "Donald Fisher Donald George Fisher ( September 3 , 1928 -- September 27 , 2009 ) was an American businessman and philanthropist . He co-founded The Gap clothing stores with his wife Doris F. Fisher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65c5e76a8a4e9d243f49b747249a050b", "text": "Wendell Willkie Wendell Lewis Willkie ( born Lewis Wendell Willkie ; February 18 , 1892 -- October 8 , 1944 ) was an American lawyer and corporate executive , and the 1940 Republican nominee for President . Willkie appealed to many convention delegates as the Republican field 's only interventionist : although the U.S. remained neutral prior to Pearl Harbor , he favored greater U.S. involvement in World War II to support Britain and other Allies . His Democratic opponent , incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt , won the 1940 election with about 55 % of the popular vote and took the electoral college vote by a wide margin . Willkie was born in Indiana in 1892 ; both his parents were lawyers , and he also became one . He served in World War I but was not sent to France until the final days of the war , and saw no action . Willkie settled in Akron , Ohio , where he was initially employed by Firestone , but left for a law firm , becoming one of the leaders of the Akron bar . Much of his work was representing electric utilities , and in 1929 Willkie accepted a job in New York City as counsel for Commonwealth & Southern Corporation ( C&S ) , a utility holding company . He was rapidly promoted , and became corporate president in 1933 . Roosevelt was sworn in as U.S. president soon after Willkie became head of C&S , and announced plans for a Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) that would supply power in competition with C&S . Between 1933 and 1939 , Willkie fought against the TVA before Congress , in the courts , and before the public . He was ultimately unsuccessful , but sold C&S 's property for a good price , and gained public esteem . A longtime Democratic activist , Willkie changed his party registration to Republican in late 1939 . He did not run in the 1940 presidential primaries , but positioned himself as an acceptable choice for a deadlocked convention . He sought backing from uncommitted delegates , while his supporters -- many youthful -- enthusiastically promoted his candidacy . As German forces under Hitler rampaged through western Europe in 1940 , many Republicans did not wish to nominate an isolationist like Thomas E. Dewey , and turned to Willkie , who was nominated on the sixth ballot over Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft . Willkie 's support for aid to Britain removed it as a major factor in his race against Roosevelt , and Willkie also backed the president on a peacetime draft . Both men took more isolationist positions towards the end of the race . Roosevelt won an unprecedented third term , taking 38 of the 48 states . After the election , Willkie made two wartime foreign trips as Roosevelt 's informal envoy , and as nominal leader of the Republican Party gave the president his full support . This angered many conservatives , especially as Willkie increasingly advocated liberal or internationalist causes . Willkie ran for the Republican nomination in 1944 , but bowed out after a disastrous showing in the Wisconsin primary in April . He and Roosevelt discussed the possibility of forming , after the war , a liberal political party , but Willkie died in October 1944 before the idea could bear fruit . Willkie is remembered for giving Roosevelt vital political assistance in 1940 , which allowed the president to aid Britain in its time of crisis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6aa754c4a7b8a9dee25c7f08d4a51fc1", "text": "Louis R. Cappelli Louis R. Cappelli ( born c. 1951 ) is an American businessman . He is an active real estate developer , mostly in Westchester County , New York . Cappelli has constructed , designed and developed more than twenty million square feet of mixed use , retail , residential , office , medical and parking facilities throughout the northeast , with a portfolio value exceeding $ 3 billion . His firm , Cappelli Enterprises , operates out of Valhalla , New York . Cappelli graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering in 1973 from Notre Dame University . Cappelli has had an integral role in reviving the downtown districts of New Rochelle and White Plains with his targeted large scale mixed-use developments . Between 2001 and 2008 , Cappelli developed White Plains City Center , Trump Plaza New Rochelle , The Ritz-Carlton Hotel in White Plains , The Residences at The Ritz-Carlton , Westchester , The Lofts at New Roc , Trump Parc Stamford , and Trump Park Residences in Yorktown . Cappelli Enterprises has also received approvals for The Ritz Carlton Hotel and Residences in Stamford , Connecticut as well for River Park Center , a 4000000 sqft mixed use development in the heart of downtown Yonkers . Cappelli 's father , Luca Cappelli , founded the company 's predecessor real estate and development businesses from scratch ( portions of which were sold to Reckson Properties ) . Cappelli 's son is a vice president within his organization . Cappelli is the second largest stockholder in Empire Resorts which operates the Monticello Racetrack and racino . Cappelli is also currently in the process of building a casino with Mohegan Sun on the site of the Concord Resort Hotel ( estimated cost between $ 600 million and $ 700 million in Phase I , and over $ 1 billion in total ) . It is slated to be one of the largest development projects in the history of upstate New York . Cappelli is married to actress Kylie Travis . Not to be confused with Louis J. Cappelli ( born 1931 ) , chairman of Sterling Bancorp. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4632449f40f6a53886bf781a358b9a7", "text": "Fred Reed Fred Reed ( born 1945 in Crumpler , West Virginia ) is a writer and former technology columnist for The Washington Times . He has also written for The American Conservative and LewRockwell.com . Additionally , he has spoken at one American Renaissance conference and currently writes for Taki 's Magazine . A former Marine and Vietnam War veteran , Reed is a police writer and an occasional war correspondent . Reed writes weekly columns for the website Fred on Everything . Reed 's output includes attacks on feminism , George W. Bush , Israel and evolution . Reed lives in Ajijic , Jalisco , Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f1c6a09be447d549ff88abe4573d428", "text": "Anthony Martin Sinatra Anthony Martin Sinatra ( born Saverio Antonino Martino Sinatra , ; May 4 , 1892 -- January 24 , 1969 ) was an Italian-American Hoboken city fireman , professional boxer , bar owner , and father of singer and actor Frank Sinatra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b53333990f2a7778bd985ada5e10b30", "text": "United States presidential election, 2016 The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 8 , 2016 . The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine . Trump took office as the 45th President , and Pence as the 48th Vice President , on January 20 , 2017 . Concurrent with the presidential election , Senate , House , and many gubernatorial and state and local elections were also held on November 8 . Voters selected members of the Electoral College in each state , in most cases by `` winner-takes-all '' plurality ; those state electors in turn voted for a new president and vice president on December 19 , 2016 . While Clinton received about million more votes nationwide , a margin of % , Trump won 30 states worth a total of 306 electors , or 57 % of the 538 available . He won the perennial swing states of Florida , North Carolina , Ohio , and Iowa , as well as Clinton 's `` blue wall '' states of Michigan , Pennsylvania and Wisconsin , which had been Democratic strongholds in presidential elections for decades . Leading up to the election , a Trump victory was considered unlikely by almost all media forecasts . In the Electoral College vote on December 19 , seven electors voted against their pledged candidates : two against Trump and five against Clinton . A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again . Ultimately , Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227 , while Colin Powell won three , and John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one . Trump is the fifth person in U.S. history to become president while losing the nationwide popular vote . He is the first president without any prior experience in public service or the military , as well as the wealthiest and the oldest at inauguration , while Clinton was the first woman to be the presidential nominee of a major party and the first woman to win the popular vote . This was the first time since the 1984 re-election of Ronald Reagan that Wisconsin voted for a Republican , and the first time since 1988 that the Republican nominee won the states of Pennsylvania and Michigan , as well as Maine 's second congressional district . It was also the first time since the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson that an electoral vote split occurred in Maine . On January 6 , 2017 , the United States government 's intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections . A joint U.S. intelligence review stated with high confidence that `` Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election . Russia 's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process , denigrate Secretary Clinton , and harm her electability and potential presidency . '' Investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the FBI , the Senate Intelligence Committee and the House Intelligence Committee . Donald Trump has criticized these conclusions by citing a lack of evidence , calling it a `` hoax '' and `` fake news , '' stating in a tweet : `` The Russia-Trump collusion story is a total hoax , when will this taxpayer funded charade end ? ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f28697e9bc6b6284434938661266b258", "text": "Fred Rosen (businessman) Fredric `` Fred '' D. Rosen is an American attorney , business executive , and philanthropist . He served as the president and chief executive officer of Ticketmaster from 1982 to 1998 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
11655cbfbb0a2a771527d6023f8ed338	Jim Carrey starred in The Incredible Burt Wonderstone.	[ { "docid": "0eab0f4b3f65548ed7465b6d50fe950d", "text": "Jim Carrey James Eugene Carrey ( -LSB- ˈkæri -RSB- born January 17 , 1962 ) is a Canadian-American actor , comedian , impressionist , screenwriter , and producer . He is known for his highly energetic slapstick performances . Carrey first gained recognition in 1990 after landing a recurring role in the sketch comedy television series In Living Color . His first leading roles in major productions came with Ace Ventura : Pet Detective ( 1994 ) , Dumb and Dumber ( 1994 ) , The Mask ( 1994 ) , and Ace Ventura : When Nature Calls ( 1995 ) , as well as a supporting role in Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and a lead role in Liar Liar ( 1997 ) . He then starred in The Truman Show ( 1998 ) and Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) , with each garnering him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . In the 2000s , he gained further recognition for his portrayal of the Grinch in How the Grinch Stole Christmas ( 2000 ) , as well as Bruce Almighty ( 2003 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind ( 2004 ) for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events ( 2004 ) , Fun with Dick and Jane ( 2005 ) , Yes Man ( 2008 ) , Horton Hears a Who ! ( 2008 ) and A Christmas Carol ( 2009 ) . In the 2010s , he has starred in Mr. Popper 's Penguins ( 2011 ) and The Incredible Burt Wonderstone ( 2013 ) . In 2013 , he appeared in Kick-Ass 2 as Colonel Stars and Stripes . He retracted support for the film two months prior to its release . He issued a statement via his Twitter account that , in light of the shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary , '' -LSB- N -RSB- ow in all good conscience I can not support that level of violence . '' Carrey reprised his role as Lloyd Christmas in Dumb and Dumber To ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8fd70f1296652a885808b8e0f02161", "text": "Indestructible Man Indestructible Man is a 1956 American crime horror science fiction film , an original screenplay by Vy Russell and Sue Dwiggins for producer-director Jack Pollexfen and starring Lon Chaney , Jr. , Ross Elliott and Robert Shayne . The picture was produced independently by C.G.K. Productions , and distributed in the United States by Allied Artists Pictures Corporation . The film was distributed theatrically in 1956 on a double bill with World Without End '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6429c60ba0f17cfd80df8c0e6781f752", "text": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (soundtrack) Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events is the soundtrack , on the Sony Classical label , of the 2004 Academy Award-winning film Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events starring Jim Carrey , Meryl Streep , Catherine O'Hara , Billy Connolly , Liam Aiken and Emily Browning . The original score was composed by Thomas Newman . The album was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score . Many of the tracks from the soundtrack were used in the 2007 documentary Sicko .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9906a129d4c931dc7260eff32cdf996", "text": "Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast . In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run . Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy . Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes . It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle . Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5080049e8ea5518cf12fd0944e132b55", "text": "Paul Blart: Mall Cop Paul Blart : Mall Cop is a 2009 American action comedy film directed by Steve Carr and co-written by Kevin James , who stars as the title character , Paul Blart . Filming began in February 2008 with most of the shooting taking place at the Burlington Mall in Burlington , Massachusetts . The film opened in the United States on January 16 , 2009 , distributed by Columbia Pictures . Against a budget of $ 26 million , it grossed $ 31.8 million in its opening weekend and finished with a gross of more than $ 146 million in North America and a worldwide total exceeded $ 183 million . Paul Blart : Mall Cop was released on DVD , Blu-ray , and UMD on May 19 , 2009 . A sequel , Paul Blart : Mall Cop 2 , was released on April 17 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70051e28d45718a74173ce1a9c65969a", "text": "Ace Ventura Ace Ventura is a fictional character created by screenwriter Jack Bernstein . Ace was played by Jim Carrey in the films Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , released in 1994 , and Ace Ventura : When Nature Calls , released in 1995 , and was voiced by Michael Daingerfield ( credited as Michael Hall ) in the Ace Ventura : Pet Detective animated series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e790c3e3e9c6a35cb12e61b684bd69", "text": "Rocky Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen and both written by and starring Sylvester Stallone . It tells the rags to riches American Dream story of Rocky Balboa , an uneducated but kind-hearted working class Italian-American boxer working in a meat warehouse and as a debt collector for a loan shark in the slums of Philadelphia . Rocky starts out as a small-time club fighter , and later gets a shot at the world heavyweight championship . The film also stars Talia Shire as Adrian , Burt Young as Adrian 's brother Paulie , Burgess Meredith as Rocky 's trainer Mickey Goldmill , and Carl Weathers as the champion , Apollo Creed . The film , made on a budget of just over $ 1 million and shot in 28 days , was a sleeper hit ; it earned $ 225 million in global box office receipts , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1976 , and went on to win three Oscars , including Best Picture . The film received many positive reviews and turned Stallone into a major star . In 2006 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' . Rocky is considered to be one of the greatest sports films ever made and was ranked as the second-best in the genre , after Raging Bull , by the American Film Institute in 2008 . The film has spawned six sequels : Rocky II ( 1979 ) , Rocky III ( 1982 ) , Rocky IV ( 1985 ) , Rocky V ( 1990 ) , Rocky Balboa ( 2006 ) and Creed ( 2015 ) . Stallone portrays Rocky in all six sequels , wrote the first five , and directed four ( Avildsen returned to direct Rocky V and Ryan Coogler directed Creed ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a40abc67ae81f75e66ebb254b857f9b6", "text": "James Goldstone James Goldstone ( born June 8 , 1931 in Los Angeles , California ; died November 5 , 1999 in Shaftsbury , Vermont ) was an American film and television director whose career spanned over thirty years . Goldstone was noted for the momentum and `` fifteen-minute cliffhangers '' that he brought to TV pilots such as Star Trek ( `` Where No Man Has Gone Before '' , 1966 ) , Ironside , and The Bold Ones : The Senator . His later career helped pioneer the concept of `` thirty-second attention span '' pacing over detailed content in his dramatizations of Rita Hayworth , Calamity Jane , and the Kent State shootings for which he won the Emmy . During his Hollywood career , he directed Paul Newman , Robert De Niro , Robert Shaw , James Garner , Richard Dreyfuss and Sidney Poitier and collaborated with composer and musician , Lalo Schifrin . He `` discovered '' Tiny Tim . In addition to his work in film and television , Goldstone was a longtime leader in the Director 's and Writers Guilds . In his later life , he taught both at Bennington College and in the masters program at Columbia University . During the 1990s he directed a number of theatrical productions in New England . He was also central in the establishment of National Public Radio presence in Vermont and was the moving force behind the creation of the Vermont Arts Council which named its award for new talent the James Goldstone Award . Goldstone was the son of Hollywood agent and early television producer , Jules Goldstone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dcb704c51395859852442a4611e6b88", "text": "Time Piece Time Piece is a 1965 experimental short film directed , written , produced by and starring Jim Henson . The film depicts an ordinary man moving in constant motion , in a desperate attempt to escape the passage of time . Time Piece is notable as one of the few live-action projects Jim Henson produced that did not involve any form of puppetry . The short film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29eaff47c8c3619f50e5f15591e73562", "text": "Jim Koplik Jim Koplik is an American concert promoter who has produced shows by The Rolling Stones , Paul McCartney , Bruce Springsteen , REO Speedwagon , Madonna , Billy Joel and Elton John , among others . A resident of Stamford , Connecticut , Koplik works through Jim Koplik Presents , his Wallingford , Connecticut-based company . He owns the Comcast Theater in Hartford , Connecticut . Born in New Rochelle , New York , Koplik launched his career in the late 1960s when he was a student at Ohio State University and promoted a show for the band Steppenwolf . Before that he had worked at Ohio State on the 1968 presidential campaign of Robert F. Kennedy . In 1981 Koplik moved from Westchester County , New York to Stamford . Jim Koplik Presents produces 150 concerts a year , many for the Toyota Presents Oakdale Theatre in Wallingford , the Comcast Theater and for the Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville . Koplik is a board member of Connecticut Special Olympics , the National Kidney Foundation of Connecticut , the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Connecticut and the Jewish Community Center of Stamford . He is a former member of the boards of the Connecticut Children 's Medical Center , Riverfront Recapture and the Connecticut Commission on the Arts . Jim Koplik ( along with Shelly Finkel ) were co-promoters of the `` Summer Jam at Watkins Glen '' ( rock concert in Watkins Glen ) in New York in July 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "610ad039bb8ef92dcf40c23041d29529", "text": "Movietone Records Movietone Records was a budget records subsidiary of 20th Century Fox 's record division , which issued 29 albums starting in 1965 and ending in 1967 . Most or all of these were reissues of albums that had appeared earlier on the 20th Century Fox label . Artists featured on these albums included Shirley Temple , Al Martino , Lena Horne , Art Tatum , Marilyn Monroe , and Sylvia Sims . The name `` Movietone '' had been used by Fox Film Corporation since 1926 , when it was coined by William Fox to name the process he had bought for putting sound on film for `` talkies '' . By the time the 1965 incarnation of the record label came along , Fox had issued some 78s on the Fox Movietone label decades earlier , but these were not commercial issues , as far as is known . `` Movietone '' was also the name Fox gave to its TV and newsreel coverage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66fd77940fc849d349659da9f98c63e1", "text": "Patricia McQueeney Patricia Noonan McQueeney ( born Bridgeport , Connecticut , September 16 , 1927 ; died Santa Monica , California September 4 , 2005 ) was an American actress , television personality , and talent agent perhaps best known as Harrison Ford 's manager . At the age of seventeen , she married fellow Bridgeport native and actor Robert McQueeney , and they had three children together . Their marriage was annulled in the mid-1950s , and Robert later became a Roman Catholic priest ; he died in 2002 . Patricia never remarried . After early work as a model and actress in television commercials under the name `` Patricia Scott '' , McQueeney was hired for The Today Show by first host Dave Garroway and appeared frequently on the show until 1964 . In 1970 , McQueeney met Harrison Ford and began to work for him , first as his agent and later also as his personal manager . In 1973 , she launched her own agency , which represented many rising Hollywood stars , including Teri Garr , Mackenzie Phillips , Cindy Williams , and Candy Clark . She continued to represent Ford until her death in 2005 . She served on a California state commission tasked with recommending changes in the laws governing talent representation . She has been memorialized by the Talent Manager 's Association with a service award in her name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "947f4d8da8f984aa41cff6e0b343d1ab", "text": "Deliverance Deliverance is a 1972 American rural horror film produced and directed by John Boorman , and starring Jon Voight , Burt Reynolds , Ned Beatty and Ronny Cox , with the latter two making their feature film debuts . The film is based on the 1970 novel of the same name by American author James Dickey , who has a small role in the film as the Sheriff . The screenplay was written by Dickey and an uncredited Boorman . It was a critical success , earning three Academy Award nominations and five Golden Globe nominations . Widely acclaimed as a landmark picture , the film is noted both for the music scene near the beginning , with one of the city men playing `` Dueling Banjos '' on guitar with a banjo-playing country boy , that sets the tone for what lies ahead -- a trip into unknown and potentially dangerous wilderness -- and for its visceral and notorious male rape scene . In 2008 , Deliverance was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8408ce7380d6e3843acfba7b40ae4eab", "text": "Smokey and the Bandit II Smokey and the Bandit II is a 1980 American action comedy film directed by Hal Needham , and stars Burt Reynolds , Sally Field , Jerry Reed , Jackie Gleason and Dom DeLuise . The film is the sequel to the 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit . The film was originally released in the United Kingdom , New Zealand , Australia and several other , mainly Commonwealth countries as Smokey and the Bandit Ride Again . Early video releases and TV broadcasts also used this title , but in more recent years have reverted to the original U.S. title . It was followed by a sequel three years later , Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 ( 1983 ) , in which Reynolds appeared only in a brief cameo appearance , and Sally Field was absent completely . The plot centers on Bo `` Bandit '' Darville ( Burt Reynolds ) and Cledus `` Snowman '' Snow ( Jerry Reed ) , transporting an elephant to the GOP National Convention , with Sheriff Buford T. Justice ( Jackie Gleason ) in hot pursuit once again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fefdfbe184d8640dd5fa6b60d73c2f7", "text": "This Is the End This Is the End is a 2013 American disaster comedy film directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and stars Rogen , James Franco , Jonah Hill , Jay Baruchel , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Michael Cera and Emma Watson . The story features real life actors playing fictionalized versions of themselves in the aftermath of a global biblical apocalypse . The film premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3 , 2013 and was released in the United States on June 14 , 2013 by Columbia Pictures , before being re-released on September 6 , 2013 . The film grossed $ 126 million on a $ 32 million budget . The film makes references to the past movies of the cast , including Spider-Man , Million Dollar Baby , Forrest Gump , Superbad , Pineapple Express , Moneyball , Your Highness , The Green Hornet , 127 Hours and the Harry Potter film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acc0bf83e3534d39bc38c86329c204ca", "text": "Malone (film) Malone is a 1987 American film adaptation of William P. Wingate 's novel , written by Christopher Frank , directed by Harley Cokeliss , and stars Burt Reynolds , Cliff Robertson and Lauren Hutton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d9fd13f2205a1f1aa33326d48d2edc", "text": "Coppertone (sunscreen) Coppertone is the brand name for an American sunscreen , owned by Bayer , formerly Merck & Co. , Inc. , formerly Schering-Plough . Coppertone is the sister brand to Bain de Soleil , which is targeted to adult women . The name originated from its marketing of suntan lotion . It dates to 1944 , when pharmacist Benjamin Green invented a lotion to darken tans . The company became famous in 1959 when it introduced the Coppertone girl , an advertisement showing a young blond girl in pigtails staring in surprise as a Boykin Spaniel sneaks up behind her and pulls down her blue swimsuit bottom , revealing her buttocks to have a lighter tone than the rest of her body . Accompanying the ads was the impish slogan , `` Do n't be a paleface ! '' The original Coppertone logo was the profile of an Indian chief . In 1953 Tally Embry Advertising in Florida was hired , and their ad men created the concept of the little girl and the pup . An artist named Joyce Ballantyne Brand re-drew the little girl in 1959 when her original artwork was destroyed in a fire . She was then working for Grant Advertising in New York . She purportedly used her daughter , Cheri , as her model , and her drawing closely resembled her original artwork . A series of mechanical billboards was constructed across the United States , whereon the motorized dog and swimsuit bottoms rocked up and down perpetually . Though most of them are long since gone or have stopped moving , one such billboard of the then Coppertone Girl still stands in Miami Beach -- dog , pigtails , swimsuit , and all . Sometime around 1965 , Jodie Foster made her acting debut as the Coppertone girl in a television commercial , when she was three years old . In 1993 , to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the sunscreen , a contest was held at Disney 's Polynesian Hotel in Orlando Florida to find `` The Coppertone Girl '' , since Cheri Brand had grown up by then . The contest was hosted by Regis Philbin along with Cheri as one of the judges . The winner was picked based on the contestant 's maturity , congeniality , eloquence , confidence , and how well she resembled the cartoon . The winner was four-year-old Alexis Durgee . She was chosen out of over 100,000 models and twenty remaining finalists . Afterwards she appeared on Sally Jessy Raphael Show with Cheri Brand and Dalton Orband , the winning Coppertone Boy . Alexis went on to model for Coppertone and Water Babies advertisements through the following year and was shot in several Coppertone commercials . At the turn of the 21st century , Coppertone revised drawings of the Coppertone Girl so that they would be less revealing and show no tan lines . Some recent versions show only the girl 's lower back , as opposed to her buttocks , or wearing a T-shirt , a hat , and holding a bottle of Coppertone while the puppy is shown pulling on her shorts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2661b4ea8a322cc0bc8b87689ecb711d", "text": "His Majesty O'Keefe His Majesty O'Keefe is a 1954 adventure film directed by Byron Haskin and starring Burt Lancaster . The cast also included Joan Rice , André Morell , Abraham Sofaer , Archie Savage , and Benson Fong . The screenplay by Borden Chase and James Hill was based on the novel of the same name by Laurence Klingman and Gerald Green ( 1952 ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d08d5f0a65c9e35eb58d19ca94ce9729	Christopher Lloyd voiced a character in a show other than Cyberchase.	[ { "docid": "862356f748b9a34cbd0f3742c15bc7cf", "text": "Christopher Lloyd Christopher Allen Lloyd ( born October 22 , 1938 ) is an American actor , voice actor and comedian best known for his roles as Emmett `` Doc '' Brown in the Back to the Future trilogy , Judge Doom in Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , Merlock the Magician in DuckTales the Movie : Treasure of the Lost Lamp ( 1990 ) , Uncle Fester in The Addams Family ( 1991 ) and its sequel Addams Family Values ( 1993 ) , and Grigori Rasputin in Anastasia ( 1997 ) . Lloyd has an equally prominent television profile , having won two Primetime Emmy Awards for playing Jim Ignatowski on the comedy series Taxi ( 1978 -- 1983 ) . He earned a third Emmy for his 1992 guest appearance on Road to Avonlea . He has also done extensive voiceover work for animated programs , most notably voicing The Hacker on the PBS Kids series Cyberchase ( 2002 -- 2015 ) . The role earned him two Daytime Emmy Award nominations .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3310d85a971ae00b88a2b1bc785719e1", "text": "Alex Doduk Alex Doduk ( born as Alexander Doduk ) is an American voice actor who is well known for his roles in the films : Barbie in the Nutcracker ( 2001 ) , Scary Godmother ( 2003 ) , The incredible Elephant ( 1998 ) and in the Animated series Brain Powered . He was the first voice of Lan Hikari for 14 episodes ( 1-5 , 9-17 ) on the English version of Megaman NT Warrior before Brad Swaile became the voice for Lan . Doduk has voiced in other English dubs of anime , such as InuYasha and the Ocean dub of Escaflowne . He was also José on Cybersix . He provided the voice of Vega Obscura in the English version of Zoids : New Century Zero . In 2000 , Doduk voiced Jake Spankenheimer in Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e6c48918f97c77f271d874d79e443d1", "text": "Christine Steel Christine Steel is an actress who played the role of Jenny Andrews on the TV series Team Knight Rider , as well as the Tiberium Mutant Umagon in Command & Conquer : Tiberian Sun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa41503e851031a65253930a17ade8de", "text": "K. C. Collins For the actor with a similar name , see Christopher Collins . K.C. Collins , also known as Chris Collins , is a Canadian film , voice and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "186d743fac8eb6752077371f385e2f6d", "text": "Cucumber (Canadian TV series) Cucumber was a TV show produced by TVOntario in the 1970s , and repeated in the 1980s during TVOntario 's daytime kids ' programming . The show 's title was an acronym for Children 's Underground Club of United Moose and Beaver for Enthusiastic Reporters . It featured a human-sized moose ( played in costume by Alex Laurier ) and beaver ( Nikki Tilroe ) living in a treehouse , and acting as amateur journalists as they present various educational segments on topics such as science or history . By sending in a story or some artwork to the show ( the mailing address was in Toronto ) , one could become a member of the Cucumber Club . Some notable people appeared on the show : A young John Candy guest starred as a character named Weatherman A young Martin Short guest starred as a character named Smokey the Hare An interview featured a nine-year-old Jeff Healey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eae34f2e2b18c4dd22ad5745c70118b9", "text": "List of My Little Pony characters animated in the 2000s The list of characters from the 2003-2009 My Little Pony animated films and shorts . The third incarnation of the My Little Pony franchise began in 2003 , and is commonly referred to as `` G3 '' , as classified by collectors , following earlier lines and television show tie-ins in the 1980s and 1990s . During the early years of the `` G3 '' Toyline , several direct-to-video specials were released , bundled with the toys of the `` G3 '' line . This later gained its first feature length DTV movie titled My Little Pony : A Very Minty Christmas in 2005 . This third toy line ended in 2009 with My Little Pony : Twinkle Wish Adventure . The characters were portrayed in the specials as adults , while also having childlike personalities . Usually , all the ponies in the specials like to play ; though some have `` jobs '' and businesses to run .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6373ca8d3a050bea228dbffd730f025a", "text": "Chris Johnson (presenter) Christopher David Johnson ( often credited as Chris Johnson ) ( born 25 January 1991 ) is a British voice actor & television presenter . He began presenting on the CBBC Channel in January 2010 , and continued until April 2016 . His first television appearance was for BBC Three , introducing Family Guy . Chris also makes content on YouTube under the user name OfficialCDJ . He voiced Dennis the Menace for the 2013 series Dennis the Menace and Gnasher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb0790390b44cbd1f9bc942ebb88d5f", "text": "Cyberman The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs who are among the most persistent enemies of the Doctor in the British science fiction television programme , Doctor Who . Within the context of the series , the Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth 's twin planet Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies as a means of self-preservation . This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating , with every emotion deleted from their minds . They were created by Dr. Kit Pedler ( the unofficial scientific advisor to the show ) and story editor Gerry Davis in 1966 , first appearing in the serial The Tenth Planet . They were featured numerous times , up until the show 's cancellation . Following the 2005 revival of the show , the Cybermen returned with a new origin story in a parallel universe , in the 2006 series ' two-parter `` Rise of the Cybermen '' and `` The Age of Steel '' , and have been recurring villains again ever since . A further redesign took place in the 2013 episode `` Nightmare in Silver '' , showing technologically advanced Cybermen , the result of a merge between the Mondasian and Parallel universe Cybermen , depicted as being able to instantly upgrade themselves to fix flaws and weaknesses . The species also appeared in the Doctor Who spin-off Torchwood in its fourth episode , `` Cyberwoman '' ( 2006 ) . Cybermen have also appeared in installments of the 2010 Doctor Who video game series The Adventure Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f7495330da11bc38d4ddb67339cb3d3", "text": "The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show is an American animated web television series that is produced by DreamWorks Animation and Jay Ward Productions . The series is based on the 1960s segments , called `` Peabody 's Improbable History '' , that aired as part of The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show , and the 2014 film , Mr. Peabody & Sherman , which was also produced by DreamWorks Animation . The series premiered on October 9 , 2015 , on Netflix . The second season was released on March 18 , 2016 . The third season was released on October 21 , 2016 . The fourth season was released on April 21 , 2017 . The series is digitally hand-drawn , with the Vancouver-based DHX Media providing the animation . Mr. Peabody is voiced by Chris Parnell , while Max Charles reprises his role as Sherman from the film . According to The Animation Guild , I.A.T.S.E. Local 839 , 78 episodes of the television series have been ordered .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be352d4edf0dee4df37f1be40e732c4c", "text": "C. Thomas Howell Christopher Thomas Howell ( born December 7 , 1966 ) , known as C. Thomas Howell , is an American actor and director . He starred in the films The Outsiders , as Ponyboy Curtis , and The Hitcher , as Jim Halsey . He also starred in Grandview U.S.A. , Red Dawn as Robert , Secret Admirer as Michael , and Soul Man , and appeared in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , The Amazing Spider-Man , and Justice League : The Flashpoint Paradox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f09fe77eb27d306611331d45fdcb4bc5", "text": "Cálico Electrónico Cálico Electrónico : La Serie Flash was a series of Flash animations created by Nikodemo Animation in 2004 . Set in ` Electronic City ' , its protagonist is a superhero far from the ` classic ' hero profile : a short , chubby and not-powered Spanish man ( ` aspañol ' as is called in the series ) . He risks his life time and again to save the city , using gadgets picked up at the Electronicaweb store . A chapter usually develops this way : a monster or a criminal attacks the city , Cálico tries to stop it ( always unsuccessfully ) , goes to Electronicaweb , gets a new gadget and saves the day . Some `` bloopers '' are displayed during the credits , at the end of the episode . Although the series displays many humorous events , the episodes include much Spanish foul language , so viewer discretion is advised . Even though Cálico is the main character , many side series have run with it , featuring many characters from the original series . On June 4 , 2009 Nikodemo Animation was shut down completely by its owners due to bankruptcy , which meant the cancellation of all in-progress Cálico Electrónico series ' related content , including , but not limited to Rumbarola and animation series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eabc08bcbe4c688ced4d151dcda5f529", "text": "Disney's CyberStar Disney 's CyberStar was a children 's television programme that aired on The Disney Channel in the UK in 1996 . It showed cartoons such as Disney 's Gargoyles . It had numerous human hosts , as well as two alien characters called Creech and Finder . The show was not successful and only ran for a short time . Mark Heap ( later of Spaced and Green Wing ) starred as ` Billy ' one of the human hosts . It also featured Mancunian stand-up comedian Lewis `` Big Lou '' Jones as the hotel manager . Category : Disney Channel shows Category :1996 British television programme debuts Category :1996 British television programme endings Category :1990 s British television series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58a915170d1b6c2a02b6c064cdccd400", "text": "Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series) Inspector Gadget is a French-Canadian-American animated comic science fiction television series that revolves around the adventures of a clumsy , dim-witted detective named Inspector Gadget -- a human being with various bionic gadgets built into his body . Gadget 's nemesis is Dr. Claw , the leader of an evil organization known as `` M.A.D. '' The series launched the Inspector Gadget franchise . This is the first syndicated cartoon show from DIC Entertainment , as well as the first from the company to be created specifically for US viewers , along with The Littles . It originally ran from 1983 to 1986 and remained in syndication into the late 1990s . It was shown on ABC in Australia from 26 July 1984 to 8 February 1991 . Created by Andy Heyward , Bruno Bianchi , and DiC 's founder Jean Chalopin , the series was a co-production between DiC Entertainment ( at the time named DiC Enterprices ) and the Canadian studio Nelvana , which DiC outsourced the pre-production to . The animation work was outsourced to Asian studios Tokyo Movie Shinsha in Japan and Cuckoo 's Nest Studio in Taiwan . It was the first animated television series to be presented in stereo sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "786d9d4aef87737c45107a1522d95592", "text": "Michael Stark Michael Stark ( born April 6 , 1955 , in New Westminster , British Columbia ) is a Canadian voice actor . He was born Michael Williams and now works under the name of Michael Williams-Stark . He has worked as a voice talent for DIC Entertainment which included The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3 , Super Mario World and Hammerman . Other roles included Superboy ( his only live-action role ) , Onimusha : Warlords ( for PlayStation 2 ) , Rupert , Beetlejuice , Little Shop ( the cartoon series based on the film and musical of the same name ) and Noddy ( his last voice role for television in which he voiced several characters such as Mr. Sparks , Mr. Wobbly Man , Sammy Sailor and Mr. Jumbo in the American dubbed version of the British TV series ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451", "text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0db5e98be904d9a2f169d3f5ea8d1c37", "text": "Christopher McDonald Christopher McDonald is an American actor . He is known for his roles as Darryl Dickinson in Thelma & Louise ( 1991 ) , Shooter McGavin in Happy Gilmore ( 1996 ) , Ward Cleaver in the film adaptation of Leave It to Beaver ( 1997 ) , Kent Mansley in The Iron Giant ( 1999 ) , Tappy Tibbons in Requiem for a Dream ( 2000 ) , and Mel Allen in the HBO film 61 * ( 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c09c1696ef1e8b95b619cc6938128d17", "text": "Mark Christopher Lawrence Mark Christopher Lawrence ( born May 22 , 1964 ) is an American character actor , stand-up comedian and voice-over artist . He is known for his role as esoteric D.J. , Tone Def , in the 1994 satirical rap mockumentary , Fear of a Black Hat . He has co-starred in popular films such as Terminator 2 : Judgment Day , Tales From the Hood , Planet of the Apes , Lost Treasure and The Pursuit of Happyness . Lawrence is best known for his role as Big Mike on the NBC series Chuck . He has made guest appearances on many television programs , most notably Heroes , My Name Is Earl , Crossing Jordan , Dharma & Greg , Malcolm in the Middle , Touched by an Angel , Malcolm & Eddie , Men Behaving Badly , Seinfeld , Murphy Brown , Good Luck Charlie and Martin . He is also featured on the Radio Series Adventures in Odyssey as `` Ed Washington '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47304acb20d34e43d39ecf7a18dd13f8", "text": "List of A Different World characters A Different World is a spin-off from the American television sitcom The Cosby Show . It aired on NBC for six seasons , from 1987 to 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2316efc56122a709f5f94a049af04fe0", "text": "Britain Simons Britain Simons is an American actor known for his appearance on Disney 's Descendants : School of Secrets and the Lifetime original film Online Abduction ( aka Cyber Case ) distributed by MarVista Entertainment . He began doing commercials in 2014 with his first appearance in a spot for Pappa Rollo 's Pizza produced by Time Warner Cable while still attending university . He has continued his professional career in Hollywood , CA by starring in independent films such as Surgey , television appearances on Disney Channel , Lifetime Television and Investigation Discovery , and commercials for Honda and Walmart . Simons made a transition from regional theater to film in 2014 . Simons earned his a B.F.A. in Theatre Studies from Baylor University ( 2014 ) as a Daniels Fund Scholar . In the spring of 2013 , he studied with the National Theater Institute ( NTI ) at the The Eugene O'Neill Theater Center in Waterford , Connecticut . He also appeared in the music video `` 90s by Nature '' by Showtek with over 4.5 million views and the music video for Calum Scott 's hit single `` Dancing on My Own '' with over 41 million views ! In 2015 and 2016 , Britain performed the leading voiceover role of Daichi in the American English language version of Tsuburaya Productions feature film Ultraman X The Movie , the special 50th Ultra Series Anniversary theatrical feature film of Ultraman X.", "title": "" } ]	fever
3ab1eab549f94557ba9426c61cb0662c	Ken Russell only directed the film Shrek Forever After.	[ { "docid": "25d2cfe23359158bfbac9467baa76e00", "text": "Elgar (film) Elgar is a drama documentary made in 1962 by the British director Ken Russell . Made for BBC Television 's long-running Monitor programme , it dramatised in vigorous style the life of the archetypically English composer Sir Edward Elgar . The film established Russell as a directorial talent , and spawned a series of dramatised biographies of composers by Russell , both for cinema and television . Elgar helped to revive the reputation of the composer 's work . The film was narrated by Huw Wheldon . The British Film Institute selected it as one of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63200f10928b0415da06e894be297782", "text": "Ken Russell Henry Kenneth Alfred `` Ken '' Russell ( 3 July 1927 -- 27 November 2011 ) was an English film director , known for his pioneering work in television and film and for his flamboyant and controversial style . Critics have accused him of being obsessed with sexuality and the Roman Catholic Church . His films in the main were liberal adaptations of existing texts , or biographies , notably of composers of the Romantic era . Russell began directing for the BBC , where he made creative adaptations of composers ' lives which were unusual for the time . He also directed many feature films independently and for studios . He is best known for his Oscar-winning films Women in Love ( 1969 ) , The Devils ( 1971 ) , The Who 's Tommy ( 1975 ) , and the science fiction film Altered States ( 1980 ) . Russell also directed several films based on the lives of classical music composers , such as Elgar , Delius , Tchaikovsky , Mahler , and Liszt . Film critic Mark Kermode , speaking in 2006 , and attempting to sum up the director 's achievement , called Russell , `` somebody who proved that British cinema did n't have to be about kitchen-sink realism -- it could be every bit as flamboyant as Fellini . Later in his life he turned to making low-budget experimental films such as Lion 's Mouth and Revenge of the Elephant Man , and they are as edgy and ` out there ' as ever '' . Ken Russell died of natural causes on 27 November 2011 at the age of 84 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bc7bfeca6209accd29dca11c1751a0ac", "text": "Russell Barnes Russell Barnes ( born 1968 ) is a British television producer and director , known primarily for documentaries about science and contemporary history . He was educated at Bedford Modern School and studied history at Christ 's College , Cambridge . Russell Barnes worked as a researcher on cult youth programmes A Stab in the Dark and The Word , and also Channel 4 's television review show , Right to Reply . In 2002 , he directed Empire , a revisionist account of British colonial history presented by the Harvard historian Niall Ferguson . A sequel about US power , American Colossus , followed in 2004 . In 2004 Russell Barnes produced Churchill 's Forgotten Years , written and presented by the Cambridge University historian David Reynolds . Barnes and Reynolds went on to collaborate on a series of further feature-length history documentaries for the BBC , including The Improbable Mr Attlee , Summits and Armistice , which charted the final month of the First World War from the German perspective and received special commendation from the jury at the 2009 Grierson Awards ceremony . In 2011 , they produced World War Two : 1941 and the Man of Steel , a new profile of Josef Stalin , which was shortlisted in the Best Historical Documentary category of the 2012 Grierson Awards . This was followed in 2012 by World War Two : 1942 and Hitler 's Soft Underbelly which argued that the war in the Mediterranean became a dark obsession for Winston Churchill , and in 2015 , World War Two : 1945 and the Wheelchair President , examined the impact of Franklin Rooselvelt 's failing health and marriage on his war leadership . Long Shadow , which explored the legacy and meaning of the First World War as part of the BBC 's centenary season of programming , was broadcast on BBC2 in 2014 . The series , which explored the legacy and meaning of the First World War as part of the BBC 's centenary season of programming , received widespread and favourable press coverage and reviews . Russell Barnes started working with the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in 2005 , directing the series The Root of All Evil ? and The Enemies of Reason , which attracted controversy for their robust advocacy of atheism and rationalist principles . Barnes and Dawkins ' next series The Genius of Charles Darwin , marking the 150th anniversary of On the Origin of Species in 2008 , won Best Documentary series at the 2009 Broadcast Awards . Russell Barnes has produced several films that explore the history of communications technology including , in 2000 , How the Victorians Wired the World and Hackers in Wonderland . In 2009 he was series producer of The Virtual Revolution , a BBC2 history of the World Wide Web presented by Aleks Krotoski . The series won the 2010 International Digital Emmy Award and the 2010 BAFTA New Media Award . In 2010 Barnes founded the independent production company ClearStory Ltd with Molly Milton , where he has produced projects including Richard Dawkins series Sex , Death and the Meaning of Life , the award-winning observational documentary Gypsy Blood and the controversial studio format Sex Box for Channel 4 . Russell Barnes is active in Directors UK , sitting on the organisation 's distribution committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c413181ad891379e5a5c3229392ff550", "text": "Ken Loach Kenneth Charles `` Ken '' Loach ( born 17 June 1936 ) is an English director of television and independent film . He is known for his socially critical directing style and for his socialist ideals , which are evident in his film treatment of social issues such as poverty , homelessness ( Cathy Come Home , 1966 ) and labour rights ( Riff-Raff , 1991 , and The Navigators , 2001 ) . Loach 's film Kes ( 1969 ) was voted the seventh greatest British film of the 20th century in a poll by the British Film Institute . Two of his films , The Wind That Shakes the Barley ( 2006 ) and I , Daniel Blake ( 2016 ) received the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival , making him the ninth filmmaker to win the award twice . Loach , a social campaigner for most of his career , believes the current criteria for claiming benefits in the UK are `` a Kafka-esque , Catch 22 situation designed to frustrate and humiliate the claimant to such an extent that they drop out of the system and stop pursuing their right to ask for support if necessary '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dfae28aeff71bab7e1e11d0c69a72fa", "text": "Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is a 2005 British stop-motion animated comedy action film produced by Aardman Animations in partnership with DreamWorks Animation . United International Pictures distributed the film in the United Kingdom , and it was the last DreamWorks animated film to be distributed by DreamWorks Pictures in the United States . It was directed by Nick Park and Steve Box as the second feature-length film by Aardman after Chicken Run ( 2000 ) . The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is based on the Wallace and Gromit short film series , created by Park . The film follows eccentric inventor Wallace ( voiced by Peter Sallis ) and his mute and intelligent dog , Gromit , as they come to the rescue of the residents of a village which is being plagued by a mutant rabbit before an annual vegetable competition . The film introduces a number of new characters , and features a voice cast including Helena Bonham Carter and Ralph Fiennes . It was a critical and commercial success , and won a number of film awards including the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , making it the second film from DreamWorks Animation to win ( after Shrek ) , as well as both the second non American animated film and second non computer animated film to have received this achievement ( after Spirited Away ) . It is also the only stop motion film to win the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd49880c234fcf951b2608fa203ae2af", "text": "The Green Promise The Green Promise is a 1948 American film directed by William D. Russell . The film was co-produced by Houston oilman Glenn McCarthy and leading man Robert Paige to display the concept and meaning of the 4-H Club and highlight farming issues such as soil erosion , government programs , and individual enterprise . The title refers to a scene where the local preacher gives a sermon on a story from the Book of Exodus of God 's `` green promise '' to lead Moses into a land of milk and honey . The preacher reminds his congregation that the fulfillment of the promise requires faith , difficult journeys and open-mindedness . It is currently in the public domain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980192d6fa3366e4f0d2e64e3d4c0cb6", "text": "Kenneth Kokin Kenneth Kokin has been a producer for many first time feature directors . He is also a sworn deputy in state of Georgia . The debut feature film he produced for Bryan Singer , Public Access won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize . Ken Kokin and Singer developed a script with writer Christopher McQuarrie to produce the multi-Academy Award winning film The Usual Suspects which Kokin directed the substantial second-unit and co-produced . This achievement landed Kokin on the cover of Fade In Magazine as one of `` The 100 People to Know in Hollywood '' . Kokin spent the next several years dividing his time between working with new film makers and developing a screenplay on the life of Alexander the Great , written with Peter Buchman and McQuarrie , for Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio . ( Scorsese and DiCaprio chose to do The Aviator first , making way for Oliver Stone to produce his version of Alexander . ) Next , he produced and directed second-unit on McQuarrie 's directorial first feature , The Way of the Gun starring Juliette Lewis , Ryan Phillippe , James Caan and Oscar winner Benicio del Toro . The 2008 Sundance Film Festival marks Kenneth Kokin 's next statements in cinema with Captain Abu Raed the Audience Award Winner in festival 's World Dramatic Competition . This is not only the first independent film produced in Kingdom of Jordan but it 's the fist feature film from recent AFI graduate Amin Matalqa . 2008 is also the year where For Tomorrow the documentary that Kokin produced and directed in Argentina which was an official selection for the Tribeca Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival where he won the Humanitarian Vision Award . This groundbreaking documentary premiered in 10 film festivals and won many other awards and created awareness about cause of Toms shoes assisting the company in achieve recognition as the fastest growing shoe company in the world . Kenneth Kokin 's dedication to directing started at 14 when he started making his own films with a borrowed Super-8 camera . In high school , he directed several claymation , live action shorts and documentaries on 16mm . His most ambitious teenage endeavor was a re-creation of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run where he combined animated clay figures and actors to win the Newbridge Reel Award for Best Picture . Upon graduating from University of Southern California Cinema , Kokin joined the Editor 's Guild and worked at both NBC and Amblin Entertainment . CBS hired Kokin to shoot , edit and direct the behind the scenes for the longest-running annual special , Circus of the Stars where he worked with lions , tigers , motorcycle , stunts , high-wire and trapeze acts . Having a passion for all elements of filmmaking from pre-production through production and post-production , Kokin chose producing and directing because they are the only jobs where he has the opportunity to participate in all areas of the process . Recently , Kokin has produced a Chinese-America co-production in Chengdu , China starring John Robinson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1440281/ and Xiaolu Li http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523735/ . Back in two thousand and eight , he traveled South America , Haiti and Africa directing documentaries about the pandemic of poverty and HIV facing children in those regions . Staying true to his roots in the crime genre Kenneth Kokin wrote the feature about the famous mobster , James `` Whitey '' Bulger . The Los Angeles Time piece June 26 , 2012 quoted Kokin to say , `` Finding out that Whitey Bulger was living in Santa Monica just three blocks away from me was a little like looking frantically for your sunglasses only to find out they were on your head the whole time . '' Kokin 's passion for documentaries continues as he is currently working on a feature about sea mammals as well as working as a producer in reality television . link title http://about.me/kenkokin", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dea715a1bd1eecb7a565ddf9af81824", "text": "Never Never Land (film) Never Never Land is a 1980 British drama film directed by Paul Annett and starring Petula Clark , Cathleen Nesbitt , John Castle , and Anne Seymour . It is named after Neverland , the magical setting of the classic children 's tales of Peter Pan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e2d6e749b95a93b5e20f1588e043bc8", "text": "Rebel Penfold-Russell Rebel Penfold-Russell is an Australian film producer and occasional actress . She was the executive producer of movies such as Frauds , The Adventures of Priscilla , Queen of the Desert and Paws . She owns her own production company , Rebelstudio , which was formerly called Latent Image . She has had a number of small roles in various television series and films , such as Shoestring , Prisoner , Emerald City and Easy Virtue . In 2009 , she was awarded the O.A.M. ( Order of Australia Medal ) in the Queen 's New Years Honours List for her services to the community , particularly through philanthropic support for the arts and a range of charitable organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4d58209d4cf518d35b541ed512730e5", "text": "Paddington (film) Paddington is a 2014 British-French family comedy film directed by Paul King , written by King and Hamish McColl and produced by David Heyman . Based on Paddington Bear by Michael Bond , the film stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of the title character , along with Hugh Bonneville , Sally Hawkins , Julie Walters , Jim Broadbent , Peter Capaldi and Nicole Kidman in live-action roles . The film was co-produced by the French company StudioCanal and the British company Heyday Films . It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 November 2014 and grossed $ 265.3 million worldwide on a $ 38.5 million budget . Among several honours , King was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and both he and Heyman were nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film . A sequel , Paddington 2 , is scheduled to be released in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd2dfdaa0d5399bafb656c0453673a86", "text": "Jack Russell (cricketer, born 1963) Robert Charles `` Jack '' Russell , MBE , ( born 15 August 1963 ) is a retired English international cricketer , now known for his abilities as an artist , as a cricket wicketkeeping coach , and a football goalkeeping coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62af8f799649205188d2a460ede223d7", "text": "Rough Magic Rough Magic is a 1995 comedy film directed by Clare Peploe , starring Bridget Fonda and Russell Crowe . It was based on a novel by James Hadley Chase called Miss Shumway Waves a Wand , with the screenplay written by Robert Mundi , William Brookfield , and Clare Peploe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94ded29f9d269a47fe61b513697e62be", "text": "Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) . He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company . He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) . He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 . * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a64e74127f1eab4383b5c5dd705164e", "text": "Rob Minkoff Robert R. `` Rob '' Minkoff ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American filmmaker . He is known for directing the double Academy Award -- winning animated feature The Lion King ( along with Roger Allers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc1b23d08eb12f3ac3934dcd080dac82", "text": "The Gal Who Took the West The Gal Who Took the West is a 1949 American Technicolor Western film directed by Frederick de Cordova starring Yvonne De Carlo , Charles Coburn , Scott Brady and John Russell . It was nominated for an award by the Writers Guild of America 1950 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f5623e1d8658c0d7ee27b346dab43c", "text": "A Troll in Central Park A Troll in Central Park ( released in some countries as Stanley 's Magic Garden ) is a 1994 American animated musical fantasy-comedy film directed by Don Bluth and Gary Goldman , creators of Rock-A-Doodle , The Land Before Time , All Dogs Go to Heaven , The Secret of NIMH and An American Tail . It was released on October 7 , 1994 , by Warner Bros. . Family Entertainment . The film grossed $ 71,368 at the North American box office . The film features the voice talents of Dom DeLuise as Stanley , Cloris Leachman as Queen Gnorga , Charles Nelson Reilly as King Llort , Phillip Glasser as Gus , Tawny Sunshine Glover as Rosie , Hayley Mills as Hilary and Jonathan Pryce as Alan . It is the last Don Bluth film to star Dom DeLuise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff3afb9cc207bc396c07c1ecb151bab", "text": "3rd Empire Awards The 3rd Empire Awards ceremony , presented by the British film magazine Empire , honored the best films of 1997 and took place in 1998 . During the ceremony , Empire presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as one honorary award . The awards were sponsored by Stella Artois for the first time . All of the winners this year won one award each . The Full Monty won the award for Best British Film , while Men in Black won the award for Best Film . Other winners included A Life Less Ordinary , Hamlet , Jerry Maguire , L.A. Confidential , Nil by Mouth , The Crucible and The English Patient . Dennis Hopper received the Lifetime Achievement Award .", "title": "" } ]	fever
07f808804f1e222689ec4f4f167fffdb	Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character.	[ { "docid": "e8b2ab75ff77cdb6e8e5bee5860a723d", "text": "Joffrey Baratheon Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Joffrey is the eldest son of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) and A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) . Joffrey is portrayed by Irish actor Jack Gleeson in the HBO television adaptation . In 2016 , Rolling Stone ranked the character # 4 in their list of the `` 40 Greatest TV Villains of All Time '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e30377a59905c07535604649bdcf0846", "text": "Costard Costard is a comic figure in the play Love 's Labour 's Lost by William Shakespeare . A country bumpkin , he is arrested in the first scene for flouting the king 's proclamation that all men of the court avoid the company of women for three years . While in custody , the men of the court use him to further their own romantic endeavors . By sending love notes to the wrong women and blurting out secrets ( including that of an unplanned pregnancy ) , Costard makes fools of the royal court . Along with Moth the page and Jaquenetta , a country wench , Costard pokes fun at the upper-class . While mocking a pedantic schoolmaster , Costard uses the word honorificabilitudinitatibus , the longest word by far from any of Shakespeare 's works . Costard makes many clever puns , and is used as a tool by Shakespeare to explain new words such as remuneration . He is sometimes considered one of the smartest characters in the play due to his wit and wordplay . Costard 's name is an archaic term for apple , or metaphorically a man 's head . Shakespeare uses the word in this sense in Richard III .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c6b75d232d605a21d273483bbab25a", "text": "Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation . Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1cc11de53cad36a4f1acf7abed7afcc", "text": "Eunuchs in popular culture Eunuchs have appeared many times in popular culture . The Eunuch , a comedy by Roman playwright Terence . In The Country Wife , the main character , Mr. Horner , pretends to be a man turned eunuch by impotence caused by syphilis in order to gain access to the bedrooms of married women . Being proud of not being a eunuch is the subject of the song `` At Least You 're Not a Eunuch '' in the play Life and Death in Jaffna ( The Musical ! ) '' by Edward Cress Eunuchs appear often as villains in Hong Kong kung fu and wuxia films set in ancient China . For example , the films `` Dragon Inn ( Xin long men ke zhan ) '' , `` Butterfly and Sword ( Xin liu xing hu die jian ) '' , and `` A Touch of Zen ( Hsia nu ) '' all feature a eunuch or a group of eunuchs as the main villain . A popular eunuch villain used in ancient China stories is Eunuch Wei , who is based on a historical figure named Wei Zhongxian . Eunuch villains are usually in charge of powerful political posts , such as being the leader of the East Chamber . The Queen Salmissra , in David Eddings ' The Belgariad and The Malloreon , is only allowed to be served by eunuchs . Her Chief Eunuch Sadi becomes a principal character in The Malloreon , and is referred to in `` The Prophecy '' as `` The Man who is no Man . '' The character and narrator Taita in Wilbur Smith 's `` Egyptian '' ( 1991 - ) series of novels is a eunuch ( performed as a punishment while a slave ) . Bagoas was the eunuch favorite of Alexander the Great ( referenced above ) . Bagoas is the main character and narrator of The Persian Boy , a 1972 historical novel by Mary Renault . Punk rock band the Descendents wrote a song about a eunuch called `` Eunuch Boy '' , which was on their 1996 comeback album Everything Sucks . Eunuchs feature prominently in Montesquieu 's 1722 novel Lettres persanes , supposedly about Persian visitors to eighteenth-century France . Varys , a character in George R. R. Martin 's series A Song of Ice and Fire , later made into the HBO series Game of Thrones , is a eunuch by castration . A historical mystery series written by Mary Reed and Eric Mayer , beginning in 1999 , details investigations carried out by John , the eunuch Lord Chamberlain to Emperor Justinian I , in and around the sixth-century imperial court in Constantinople . In the 2006 film One Night With the King , Hadassah 's ( Esther 's ) would-be boyfriend , Jesse , is captured by the Persian empire and castrated . The 2002 historical science fiction novel The Years of Rice and Salt features many eunuchs in its opening section , including the character Kyu and the historical Chinese admiral Zheng He . Three best-selling novels by Jason Goodwin , The Janissary Tree , The Snake Stone and The Bellini Card , chronicle the investigations of Yashim Togalu , a Turkish eunuch detective to the Sultan 's royal court , in the Ottoman Empire of the 1830s . The historical novel Memoirs of a Byzantine Eunuch , by Christopher Harris ( 2002 Dedalus Books , ISBN 1-903517-03-6 ) The Japanese novel ( and later anime series ) Ai no Kusabi has within their caste system `` Furniture '' , or eunuchs who act as servants to the highest social class . The character Katze was once Furniture , but now works on the black market . In the Japanese anime Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion ( R2 ) the de facto rulers of the communist Chinese Federation are a group of eight eunuchs called `` High Eunuchs . '' The character Naboo the Enigma from the British comedy act and television series The Mighty Boosh is a eunuch . For the greater part of Iain Banks 's 1984 novel The Wasp Factory , the 16-year-old narrator Frank Cauldhame claims to be a eunuch , the result of being savaged by a dog when he was an infant . At the novels climax , Frank discovers that she was in fact born female . In the TV show Major Dad , a eunuch was in charge of the Security wives of Emir of Katodd . One of the characters that Voltaire 's Candide meets on his adventures is a eunuch . The Vampire Eli in John Ajvide Lindqvist 's novel Let The Right One In is a eunuch . However , this detail is not made abundantly clear in the book 's 2008 Film adaptation of the same title . The Yellow Bastard of the Sin City franchise . In the Red Dwarf episode `` Quarantine '' , Rimmer is said to have been Alexander the Great 's chief eunuch in a past life . In the manga `` Red River ( manga ) '' one of the main villains , Urhi , is a eunuch . The eunuch Manan is a major character in The Tombs of Atuan , the second book from Ursula K. Le Guin 's Earthsea series . The story largely takes place in a large convent where no men are allowed , so a number of other eunuchs are mentioned . In Robert E. Howard 's short story The Scarlet Citadel , the main antagonist has a eunuch prison guard named Shukeli . It is stated that in him , normal human passions have been replaced by extreme sadism . In William Shakespeare 's play `` Twelfth Night '' , Viola initially decides to disguise herself as a eunuch named Cesario in order to serve Duke Orsino . In the 2015 video game The Witcher 3 : Wild Hunt , the loyal servant and bookie of head Redanian Intelligence Sigismund Dijkstra is a eunuch , called Happen the Eunuch . He takes care of the Bathhouse in Novigrad , which is open to both sexes . Category : Topics in popular culture", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c35cd37b4b3c413cdc7048e7c4be18", "text": "Cultural depictions of Richard III of England Richard III of England has been depicted in literature and popular culture many times . In the Tudor period he was invariably portrayed as a villain , most famously in Shakespeare 's play Richard III , but also in other literature of the period . Richard 's life was not much depicted again until the 20th century when the `` Ricardian '' movement sought to restore his reputation . Much of more recent creative literature has portrayed him in a positive light . However his reputation as a hunchbacked villain has remained a familiar historical cliché within popular culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b034fdced639b53971ec5f9c98772c56", "text": "The Notion Club Papers The Notion Club Papers is the title of an abandoned novel by J. R. R. Tolkien , written during 1945 and published posthumously in Sauron Defeated , the 9th volume of The History of Middle-earth . It is a space/time/dream travel story , written at the same time as The Lord of the Rings was being developed . The story itself revolves around the meetings of an Oxford arts discussion group called the Notion Club , a fictionalization of ( and a play on words on the name of ) Tolkien 's own such club , The Inklings . During these meetings , Alwin Arundel Lowdham discusses his lucid dreams about Númenor ; through these dreams , he `` discovers '' much about the Númenor story and the languages of Middle-earth ( notably Quenya , Sindarin , and Adûnaic -- the last being the sole source of most of the material on Adûnaic ) . While not finished , at the end of the given story it becomes clear Lowdham himself is a reincarnation of sorts of Elendil . ( Alwin is a modernization of the name Ælfwine , Old English for Elf-friend , or Elendil in Quenya . ) Other members of the Club also mention their vivid dreams of other times and places . Tolkien not only created fictional meetings for these papers but also created a fictional history for the manuscript of the papers . According to the papers , the meetings occurred in the 1980s ; they even mention events that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s . About one-quarter of the papers were found among sacks of waste paper in 2012 at Oxford by a Mr. Green . Mr. Green published a first edition containing excerpts from these papers , indicating that they were written during the 1980s by one of the participants . Two scholars read the first edition , asked to examine the manuscripts , and then submitted a full report . The `` Notes to the Second Edition '' mentions the contradictory evidence in dating the manuscripts , and an alternative date is presented : they may have been written in the 1940s . These papers , which make a number of comments on Lewis ' Space Trilogy , are similar to C. S. Lewis ' commentary to Tolkien 's poem The Lay of Leithian , in which Lewis created a fictional history of scholarship of the poem and even referred to other manuscript tradition to recommend changes to the poem . The Notion Club Papers may be seen as an attempt to re-write The Lost Road , published and discussed in The Lost Road and Other Writings , as being another attempt to tie the Númenórean legend in with a more modern tale . There is , however , no direct connection between the modern settings of the two stories within the fictional frame . Jane Stanford links The Notion Club Papers to The Johnson Club Papers in her biography of John O'Connor Power , That Irishman . The two books have a similar title page . The Johnson Club was a ` Public House School ' and met in taverns like the Inklings . The purpose was ` Fellowship and free Exchange of Mind . ' The two clubs presented papers ` which were read before the members and discussed ' . Samuel Johnson , like Tolkien , had a strong connection with Pembroke College , Oxford . Stanley Unwin , Tolkien 's publisher , was a nephew of Fisher Unwin , the founding member of The Johnson Club . According to Christopher Tolkien , had his father continued The Notion Club Papers , he would have linked the real world of Alwin Lowdham with his eponymous ancestor Ælfwine of England ( who compiled the Lost Tales ) and with Atlantis . One of the members of the Notion Club , one Michael George Ramer , combines lucid dreams with time-travel and experiences the tsunami that sank Númenor . He ca n't tell if its history , or fantasy , or something in between . The Notion Club Papers mentions a great storm occurring during 1987 in England , on 12 June . This can be seen as an odd coincidence , since the actual Great Storm of 1987 occurred in October of that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a979caf100f9368eb96d37ba5b294b44", "text": "London (novel) London is a historical novel by Edward Rutherfurd published in 1997 , which charts the history of London from 54 B.C. to 1997 . The novel begins with the birth of the River Thames and moves to 54 B.C. , detailing the life of Segovax , a curious character with slightly webbed hands and a flash of white hair . Seqovax becomes the ancestor of the Ducket and Dogget families , prominent fictional families woven into the novel . Historical figures , such as Julius Caesar , Geoffrey Chaucer , William Shakespeare , and Pocahontas , make appearances alongside fictional characters and historical kings and queens of England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fa33a329dbd8508ffeaaca0939ea38b", "text": "Cormac Fitzgeoffrey Cormac Fitzgeoffrey is a fictional character created by Robert E. Howard . He is a half-Norman , half-Gael taking part in the Third Crusade . Howard wrote two short stories featuring the character and a synopsis that was later completed by another author . Although Howard was most famous for his fantasy fiction , especially Conan the Barbarian , the Cormac stories have a purely historical setting , albeit one with a heroic theme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db71500e06f203cc8fcd279a14356c83", "text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries . After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France . Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent . Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0", "text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88ffd9ff0fe412761331451d78f58240", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 24 , 2016 , and concluded on June 26 , 2016 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 50 -- 60 minutes , largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series . Some material is adapted from the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter and the fourth and fifth novels , A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons . The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the fifth season , which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland , Spain , Croatia , Iceland and Canada . Each episode cost over $ 10 million . The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne . The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle , and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North . Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe . At King 's Landing , the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras , but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow , who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen . At her trial , Cersei burns the Great Sept , killing her rivals , while Tommen kills himself . Unopposed , Cersei is crowned Queen of Westeros . Ellaria Sand and three of Oberyn Martell 's daughters kill Doran and Trystane Martell and seize control of Dorne , and Olenna discusses an alliance with Ellaria . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen is captured by Khal Moro who takes her before the khals ; she burns them alive and takes command of the Dothraki . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced new cast members , including Max von Sydow , Pilou Asbæk and James Faulkner . Critics praised its production values , writing , plot development , and cast . Game of Thrones received most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards , with 23 nominations , and won twelve , including that for Outstanding Drama Series for the second year in a row . U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season , and by approximately 13 % over its course , from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e14d17d163e64ddc9d15578820c0c38", "text": "Rhûn In the fictional world of Middle-earth created by J. R. R. Tolkien , Rhûn ( -LSB- r̥uːːn -RSB- ) was a large region of eastern Middle-earth . Rhûn ( which is also the Elvish word for `` east '' ) was the name used for all lands lying east of Wilderland , around and beyond the inland Sea of Rhûn , from where came many attacks on Gondor and its allies during the Third Age of Middle-earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28563a7ec5e6d1ac78e1f62a5336c54c", "text": "Legal fiction A legal fiction is a fact assumed or created by courts which is then used in order to apply a legal rule . Typically , a legal fiction allows the court to ignore a fact that would prevent it from exercising its jurisdiction , by simply assuming that the fact is different . This is the case with the Bill of Middlesex where the Court of King 's Bench could only exercise jurisdiction over cases which took place in the historic English county of Middlesex . To allow the Court , which was the central court of the land , to take jurisdiction over other cases , parties began to plead that , along with the other facts , there had also been a trespass which occurred in Middlesex . This allowed the King 's Bench to rule on the whole of the case . Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved , such as the presumption of legitimacy . They are different from hypothetical examples , such as the ` reasonable person ' which serve as tools for the court to express its reasoning . They are also different from legal principles which create a legal state of affairs that is different from the underlying facts , such as corporate personhood although these are sometimes wrongly called legal fictions . The term `` legal fiction '' is not usually used in a pejorative way , and has been likened to scaffolding around a building under construction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdb8048a12b2db319c910f79c7aae0f4", "text": "The History of Middle-earth The History of Middle-earth is a 12-volume series of books published between 1983 and 1996 that collect and analyse material relating to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien , compiled and edited by his son , Christopher Tolkien . The series shows the development over time of Tolkien 's conception of Middle-earth as a fictional place with its own peoples , languages , and history , from his earliest notions of a `` mythology for England '' through to the development of the stories that make up The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings . It is not a `` history of Middle-earth '' in the sense of being a chronicle of events in Middle-earth written from an in-universe perspective . In 2000 -- 01 , the twelve volumes were republished in three limited edition omnibus volumes . Non-deluxe editions of the three volumes were published in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f3c91aeb340663a8a0ebfe2b765dab", "text": "Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes . Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3824ff501c2e55a4fe6f325380607fce", "text": "Éowyn Éowyn is a fictional character in Tolkien 's legendarium who appears in his most famous work , The Lord of the Rings . She is a noblewoman of Rohan who is described as a shieldmaiden .", "title": "" } ]	fever
26dcf985a77c407277fe6dbad270c171	Shingles is more common among older people.	[ { "docid": "671dd143dd7e1bc2259257ad9b31023f", "text": "Shingles Shingles , also known as herpes zoster , is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area . Typically the rash occurs in a single stripe either on the left or right of the body or face . Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain in the area . Otherwise there are typically few symptoms . The rash usually heals within two to four weeks ; however , some people develop ongoing nerve pain which can last for months or years , a condition called postherpetic neuralgia . In those with poor immune function the rash may occur widely . If the rash involves the eye , vision loss may occur . Shingles is due to a reactivation of varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) within a person 's body . Chickenpox is due to an initial infection with VZV . Once chickenpox has resolved , the virus may remain inactive in nerve cells . When it reactivates it travels from the nerve body to the endings in the skin producing blisters . Risk factors for reactivation include old age , poor immune function , and having had chickenpox before 18 months of age . How the virus remains in the body or subsequently re-activates is not well understood . Exposure to the virus in the blisters can cause chickenpox in someone who has not had it before but will not trigger shingles . Diagnosis is typically based on a person 's signs and symptoms . Varicella zoster virus is not the same as herpes simplex virus ; however , they belong to the same family of viruses . The shingles vaccine decreases the chance of shingles by about half in those between the ages of 50 and 80 . It also decreases rates of postherpetic neuralgia , and if an outbreak occurs , its severity . After 80 the vaccine is still effective , just less so . It contains the same material as the varicella vaccine , just at a higher dose . If shingles develops , antiviral medications such as aciclovir can reduce the severity and duration of disease if started within 72 hours of the appearance of the rash . Evidence does not show a significant effect of antivirals or steroids on rates of postherpetic neuralgia . Paracetamol , NSAIDs , or opioids may be used to help with the acute pain . It is estimated that about a third of people develop shingles at some point in their life . While more common among older people , children may also get the disease . The number of new cases per year ranges from 1.2 -- 3.4 per 1,000 among healthy individuals to 3.9 -- 11.8 per 1,000 among those older than 65 years of age . About half of those living to age 85 will have at least one attack , and less than 5 % will have more than one attack . The disease has been recognized since ancient times .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2faff3cfd503a8eb48eef754242772c2", "text": "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) is variable and uncertain , and the condition is primarily managed rather than cured . Only two treatments , cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy , have demonstrated reproducible evidence for their efficacy people with CFS who are walking . There are no Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) approved medications for ME/CFS treatment , although medications are used without approval for the illness ( off-label ) . Drugs have been used in experimental studies of the illness that have n't been approved for market for any condition in the United States ( for example , isoprinosine and rintatolimod ) . Other proposed treatments include medical treatments and alternative medicine . Even when treated , the prognosis of CFS is often poor . In one study , poor early management was reported to be a main risk factor for severe CFS ( delayed diagnosis , poor response to analgesics , physiotherapy , or alternative medicine ) , with associated variables including a poor relationship with the GP before and after diagnosis , and the involvement of a psychiatrist in initial treatment . CFS management techniques include behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT , a form of psychological therapy ) , and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) . Based on evidence from multiple randomized clinical trials ( RCTs ) , a systematic review published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ( October 2006 ) stated that CBT and GET interventions showed promising results , appearing to reduce symptoms and improve function . The review stated that the evidence of effectiveness was inconclusive for most other interventions , with some reporting significant adverse effects . The wide variety of outcome measures used in CFS research was found to be a `` fundamental problem '' for assessing the effectiveness of interventions in general , and no intervention has proven to be effective in restoring the ability to work . Recovery is `` rare '' even after a comprehensive rehabilitation programme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c4b7f594a0dda3270ae22ff08594975", "text": "Glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss . The most common type is open-angle glaucoma with less common types including closed-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma . Open-angle glaucoma develops slowly over time and there is no pain . Side vision may begin to decrease followed by central vision resulting in blindness if not treated . Closed-angle glaucoma can present gradually or suddenly . The sudden presentation may involve severe eye pain , blurred vision , mid-dilated pupil , redness of the eye , and nausea . Vision loss from glaucoma , once it has occurred , is permanent . Risk factors for glaucoma include increased pressure in the eye , a family history of the condition , migraines , high blood pressure , and obesity . For eye pressures a value of greater than 21 mmHg is often used with higher pressures leading to a greater risk . However , some may have high eye pressure for years and never develop damage . Conversely , optic nerve damage may occur with normal pressure , known as normal-tension glaucoma . The mechanism of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be slow exit of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork while in closed-angle glaucoma the iris blocks the trabecular meshwork . Diagnosis is by a dilated eye examination . Often the optic nerve shows an abnormal amount of cupping . If treated early it is possible to slow or stop the progression of disease with medication , laser treatment , or surgery . The goal of these treatments is to decrease eye pressure . A number of different classes of glaucoma medication are available . Laser treatments may be effective in both open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma . A number of types of glaucoma surgeries may be used in people who do not respond sufficiently to other measures . Treatment of closed-angle glaucoma is a medical emergency . About 6 to 67 million people have glaucoma globally . The disease affects about 2 million people in the United States . It occurs more commonly among older people . Closed-angle glaucoma is more common in women . Glaucoma has been called the `` silent thief of sight '' because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time . Worldwide , glaucoma is the second-leading cause of blindness after cataracts . The word `` glaucoma '' is from ancient Greek glaukos which means blue , green , or gray . In English , the word was used as early as 1587 but did not become commonly used until after 1850 , when the development of the ophthalmoscope allowed people to see the optic nerve damage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "391dca37ebdd8b0b52996c1e921eb1c2", "text": "Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis , often called polio or infantile paralysis , is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus . In about 0.5 percent of cases there is muscle weakness resulting in an inability to move . This can occur over a few hours to a few days . The weakness most often involves the legs but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head , neck and diaphragm . Many but not all people fully recover . In those with muscle weakness about 2 to 5 percent of children and 15 to 30 percent of adults die . Another 25 percent of people have minor symptoms such as fever and a sore throat and up to 5 percent have headache , neck stiffness and pains in the arms and legs . These people are usually back to normal within one or two weeks . In up to 70 percent of infections there are no symptoms . Years after recovery post-polio syndrome may occur , with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to that which the person had during the initial infection . Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected fecal matter entering the mouth . It may also be spread by food or water containing human feces and less commonly from infected saliva . Those who are infected may spread the disease for up to six weeks even if no symptoms are present . The disease may be diagnosed by finding the virus in the feces or detecting antibodies against it in the blood . The disease only occurs naturally in humans . The disease is preventable with the polio vaccine ; however , a number of doses are required for it to be effective . The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends polio vaccination boosters for travelers and those who live in countries where the disease is occurring . Once infected there is no specific treatment . In 2016 , polio affected 42 people , while there were about 350,000 cases in 1988 . In 2014 the disease was only spreading between people in Afghanistan , Nigeria , and Pakistan . In 2015 Nigeria had stopped the spread of wild poliovirus but it reoccurred in 2016 . Poliomyelitis has existed for thousands of years , with depictions of the disease in ancient art . The disease was first recognized as a distinct condition by Michael Underwood in 1789 and the virus that causes it was first identified in 1908 by Karl Landsteiner . Major outbreaks started to occur in the late 19th century in Europe and the United States . In the 20th century it became one of the most worrying childhood diseases in these areas . The first polio vaccine was developed in the 1950s by Jonas Salk . It is hoped that vaccination efforts and early detection of cases will result in global eradication of the disease by 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87202e209b238f54608e3f8ee7331c12", "text": "Acrochordon An acrochordon ( plural acrochorda ; also known as a skin tag or fibroepithelial polyp ) is a small benign tumor that forms primarily in areas where the skin forms creases , such as the neck , armpit , and groin . They may also occur on the face , usually on the eyelids . Acrochorda are harmless , are typically painless and usually do not grow or change over time . Though tags up to a half-inch long have been seen , they are typically the size of a grain of rice . The surface of an acrochordon may be smooth or irregular in appearance and is often raised from the surface of the skin on a fleshy stalk called a peduncle . Microscopically , an acrochordon consists of a fibrovascular core , sometimes also with fat cells , covered by an unremarkable epidermis . However , tags may become irritated by shaving , clothing , jewellery , or eczema . Skin tags are thought to occur from skin rubbing up against skin , since they are so often found in skin creases and folds . Studies have shown existence of low-risk HPV 6 and 11 in skin tags , hinting at a possible role in its pathogenesis . Acrochorda have been reported to have a prevalence of 46 % in the general population . A causal genetic component is thought to exist . They also are more common in women than in men . Rarely , they can be associated with the Birt -- Hogg -- Dubé syndrome , acromegaly , and polycystic ovary syndrome . Skin tags may serve as a marker for those people whose carbohydrate metabolism is impaired and for those who may be at risk for diabetes mellitus type 2 , although such a link has not been shown . Elevated blood sugar and insulin increase the incidence of skin tags through an unknown mechanism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faa4ab2a14454da4f21f2e7f116e7778", "text": "Epidemiology of syphilis Syphilis is believed to have infected people in 1999 with greater than 90 % of cases in the developing world . It affects between 700,000 and 1.6 million pregnancies a year resulting in spontaneous abortions , stillbirths , and congenital syphilis . In Sub-Saharan Africa syphilis contributes to approximately 20 % of perinatal deaths . In the developed world , syphilis infections were in decline until the 1980s and 1990s due to widespread use of antibiotics . Since the year 2000 , rates of syphilis have been increasing in the US , UK , Australia , and Europe primarily among men who have sex with men . This is attributed to unsafe sexual practices . Increased rates among heterosexuals have occurred in China and Russia since the 1990s . Syphilis increases the risk of HIV transmission by two to five times and co-infection is common ( 30 -- 60 % in a number of urban centers ) . Untreated it has a mortality of 8 % to 58 % with a greater death rate in males . The symptoms of syphilis have become less severe over the 19th and 20th century in part due to widespread availability of effective treatment and partly due to decreasing virulence of the spirochete . With early treatment few complications result .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b54cfd6ab69f2fd509a8281ab05254", "text": "Parkinson's disease Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA ( levodopa ) , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day ( on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April ) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b639f4c7e6317c4abb31563ab7f4f66f", "text": "Human pathogen A human pathogen is a pathogen ( microbe or microorganism such as a virus , bacterium , prion , or fungus ) that causes disease in humans . The human physiological defense against common pathogens ( such as Pneumocystis ) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body 's normal flora and fauna . However , if the immune system or `` good '' microbiota are damaged in any way ( such as by chemotherapy , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , or antibiotics being taken to kill other pathogens ) , pathogenic bacteria that were being held at bay can proliferate and cause harm to the host . Such cases are called opportunistic infections . Some pathogens ( such as the bacterium Yersinia pestis , which may have caused the Black Plague , the Variola virus , and the malaria protozoa ) have been responsible for massive numbers of casualties and have had numerous effects on afflicted groups . Of particular note in modern times is HIV , which is known to have infected several million humans globally , along with the influenza virus . Today , while many medical advances have been made to safeguard against infection by pathogens , through the use of vaccination , antibiotics , and fungicide , pathogens continue to threaten human life . Social advances such as food safety , hygiene , and water treatment have reduced the threat from some pathogens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c504f837194a91391b1390a15ab2201f", "text": "Stroke in China Recent epidemiologic studies confirm that stroke is the most frequent cause of death in the People 's Republic of China , with an incidence more than fivefold that of myocardial infarction . Intracerebral hemorrhage causes about one third of all strokes , nearly three times the frequency in North American stroke registries . A marked regional variation in stroke incidence exists , with a threefold higher stroke incidence in northern than in southern Chinese cities , suggesting important environmental or dietary influences . Stroke treatment often involves a combination of modern and traditional herbal medicine ; the latter may modify platelet aggregation and blood viscosity . Stroke , particularly intracerebral hemorrhage , is the most frequent and important vascular disorder in China . China reports more patients with stroke than anywhere else in the world . While there is still a great deal of unknown information , stroke research has been making great progress in recent years , such as in the areas of clinical research , population and genetic epidemiology , brain ischemia/reperfusion exploring , leukoencephalopathy ( CADASIL ) , neural stem cell and stroke , neuroprotective treatment for stroke , clinical therapy test in stroke , rehabilitation and prevention . Cities and towns in China have integrated systems for registering and investigating strokes . Chinese researchers have followed closely the international level of stroke treatment with a forward position in neural stem cell . Traditional Chinese drugs have featured effects on neuroprotective treatment for stroke which has also been investigated . Chinese scientists have suggested a new way of dividing neuroprotectors in stroke . The clinical therapy test with urokinase and defibrase for cerebral infarction in China is effective and relatively safe , yet the original papers published by Chinese researchers and clinical effects for patient treatment still need to be improved and updated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1117a13077159a5b49db9e03dc40821", "text": "Hand, foot, and mouth disease Hand , foot and mouth disease ( HFMD ) is a common infection caused by a group of viruses . It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell . This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister , on the hands , feet , and mouth , and occasionally buttocks and groin . Signs and symptoms normally appear 3 -- 6 days after exposure to the virus . The rash generally goes away on its own in about a week . Fingernail and toenail loss may occur a few weeks later and these then regrow . The viruses that cause HFMD are spread through close personal contact , through the air from coughing , and the feces of an infected person . Contaminated objects can also spread the disease . Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause and Enterovirus 71 is the second-most common cause . Other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also be responsible . Some people may carry and pass on the virus despite having no symptoms of disease . Other animals are not involved . Diagnosis can often be made based on symptoms . Occasionally throat or stool sample may be tested for the virus . Handwashing may prevent spread and those infected should not go to work , daycare , or school . No antiviral medication or vaccine is available , but development efforts are underway . Most cases require no specific treatment . Simple pain medication such as ibuprofen or numbing mouth gel may be used . Occasionally intravenous fluids are given to children who are unable to drink enough . Rarely viral meningitis or encephalitis may complicate the disease . HFMD occurs in all areas of the world . It often occurs in small outbreaks in nursery schools or kindergartens . Large outbreaks have been occurring in Asia since 1997 . It usually occurs during the spring , summer , and fall months . Typically it occurs in children less than five years old , but can occasionally occur in adults . HFMD should not be confused with foot-and-mouth disease ( also known as hoof-and-mouth disease ) which mostly affects livestock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6b61856fbd0c10b73c77432f00e7790", "text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis Dermatitis herpetiformis ( DH ) , or Duhring 's disease , Freedberg , et al. ( 2003 ) . Fitzpatrick 's Dermatology in General Medicine . ( 6th ed . ) . McGraw-Hill . ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . is a chronic blistering skin condition , characterised by blisters filled with a watery fluid . Despite its name , DH is neither related to nor caused by herpes virus : the name means that it is a skin inflammation having an appearance similar to herpes . DH was first described by Louis Adolphus Duhring in 1884 . A connection between DH and celiac disease was recognised in 1967 , although the exact causal mechanism is not known . DH is a specific manifestation of celiac disease . The age of onset is usually about 15-40 , but DH can also affect children and the elderly . Men and women are equally affected . Estimates of DH prevalence vary from 1 in 400 to 1 in 10,000 . It is most common in patients of northern European/northern Indian ancestry , and is associated with the HLA-DQ2 haplotype along with coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05fca1bf1ab87cc4fd9f31d9546b713d", "text": "Home care Home care ( also referred to as domiciliary care , social care , or in-home care ) is supportive care provided in the home . Care may be provided by licensed healthcare professionals who provide medical treatment needs or by professional caregivers who provide daily assistance to ensure the activities of daily living ( ADLs ) are met . In-home medical care is often and more accurately referred to as `` home health care '' or formal care . Often , the term home health care is used to distinguish it from non-medical care , custodial care , or private-duty care which refers to assistance and services provided by persons who are not nurses , doctors , or other licensed medical personnel . For terminally ill patients , home care may include hospice care . For patients recovering from surgery or illness , home care may include rehabilitative therapies . Home health services help adults , seniors , and pediatric clients who are recovering after a hospital or facility stay , or need additional support to remain safely at home and avoid unnecessary hospitalization . These Medicare-certified services may include short-term nursing , rehabilitative , therapeutic , and assistive home health care . This care is provided by registered nurses ( RNs ) , licensed practical nurses ( LPN 's ) , physical therapists ( PTs ) , occupational therapists ( OTs ) , speech language pathologists ( SLPs ) , home health aides ( HHAs ) and medical social workers ( MSWs ) as a limited number of up to one hour visits , addressed primarily through the Medicare Home Health benefit . The largest segment of home care consists of licensed and unlicensed non-medical personnel , including caregivers who assist the individual . Care assistants may help the individual with daily tasks such as bathing , eating , cleaning the home and preparing meals . Caregivers work to support the needs of individuals who require such assistance . These services help the client to stay at home versus living in a facility . Non-medical home care is paid for by the individual or family . The term `` private-duty '' refers to the private pay nature of these relationships . Home care ( non-medical ) has traditionally been privately funded as opposed to home health care which is task-based and government or insurance funded . These traditional differences in home care services are changing as the average age of the population has risen . Individuals typically desire to remain independent and use home care services to maintain their existing lifestyle . Government and Insurance providers are beginning to fund this level of care as an alternative to facility care . In-Home Care is often a lower cost solution to long-term care facilities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdeed849f43790c82cf0e2365ebc43ff", "text": "Yellow fever vaccine Yellow fever vaccine is a vaccine that protects against yellow fever . Yellow fever is a viral infection that occurs in Africa and South America . Most people begin to develop immunity within ten days and 99 % are protected within one month of vaccination and this appears to be lifelong . The vaccine can be used to control outbreaks of disease . It is given either by injection into a muscle or just under the skin . The World Health Organization ( WHO ) recommends routine immunization in all countries where the disease is common . This should typically occur between nine and twelve months of age . Those travelling to areas where the disease occurs should also be immunized . Additional doses after the first are generally not needed . Yellow fever vaccine is generally safe . This includes in those with HIV infection but without symptoms . Mild side effects may include headache , muscle pains , pain at the injection site , fever , and rash . Severe allergies occur in about eight per million doses , serious neurological problems occur in about four per million doses , and organ failure occurs in about three per million doses . It is likely safe in pregnancy and therefore recommended among those who will be potentially exposed . It should not be given to those with very poor immune function . Yellow fever vaccine came into use in 1938 . It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . The wholesale price in the developing world is between US$ 4.30 and US$ 21.30 per dose as of 2014 . In the United States it costs between US$ 50 and US$ 100 . The vaccine is made from weakened yellow fever virus . Some countries require a yellow fever vaccination certificate before entry from a country where the disease is common .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8217e589f383a384aa1b866edec72068", "text": "Hypnodermatology Hypnodermatology is an informal label for the use of hypnosis in treating the skin conditions that fall between conventional medical dermatology and the mental health disciplines . The use of hypnosis to provide relief for some skin conditions is based on observations that the severity of the disease may correlate with emotional issues . In addition , hypnotherapy has been used to suggest improvement on dermatological symptoms , such as chronic psoriasis , eczema , ichthyosis , warts and alopecia areata . Philip D. Shenefelt , a research dermatologist at the University of South Florida School of Medicine , has identified two dozen dermatologic conditions that have shown response to hypnosis in the literature , with varying degrees of evidence . These include successful results in controlled trials on verruca vulgaris , psoriasis , and atopic dermatitis . A 2005 review in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings stated that , `` A review of the use of hypnosis in dermatology supports its value for many skin conditions not believed to be under conscious control '' . The most comprehensively studied skin conditions in relation to hypnotherapy are psoriasis and warts . Hypnosis may have positive effects on dermatological conditions in both adults and children . Hypnotherapy may contribute towards reducing itching and discomfort brought on by the presence of warts and improves and possibly decreasing lesions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10b15e981728d207fa20108a79af335d", "text": "Pertussis Pertussis ( also known as whooping cough or 100-day cough ) is a highly contagious bacterial disease . Initially , symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose , fever , and mild cough . This is then followed by weeks of severe coughing fits . Following a fit of coughing , a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in . The coughing may last for 10 or more weeks , hence the phrase `` 100-day cough '' . A person may cough so hard that they vomit , break ribs , or become very tired from the effort . Children less than one year old may have little or no cough and instead have periods where they do not breathe . The time between infection and the onset of symptoms is usually seven to ten days . Disease may occur in those who have been vaccinated , but symptoms are typically milder . Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis . It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person . People are infectious to others from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits . Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days . Diagnosis is by collecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat . This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction . Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine . Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age , with four doses to be given in the first two years of life . The vaccine becomes less effective over time , with additional doses often recommended for older children and adults . Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease . In those with the disease , antibiotics are useful if started within three weeks of the initial symptoms , but otherwise have little effect in most people . In children less than one year old and among those who are pregnant , they are recommended within six weeks of symptom onset . Antibiotics used include erythromycin , azithromycin , clarithromycin , or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole . Evidence to support interventions , other than antibiotics , for the cough is poor . Many children less than a year of age require hospitalization . An estimated 16.3 million people worldwide were infected in 2015 . Most cases occur in the developing world , and people of all ages may be affected . In 2015 , it resulted in 58,700 deaths -- down from 138,000 deaths in 1990 . Nearly 0.5 % of infected children less than one year of age die . Outbreaks of the disease were first described in the 16th century . The bacterium that causes the infection was discovered in 1906 . The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ff662871d345e07a42f43a6ae2eefdf", "text": "Schnitzler syndrome Schnitzler syndrome is a rare disease characterised by chronic hives ( urticaria ) and periodic fever , bone pain and joint pain ( sometimes with joint inflammation ) , weight loss , malaise , fatigue , swollen lymph glands and enlarged spleen and liver . The urticarial rash is non-itching in more than half of cases , which is unusual for hives . It is most prominent on the trunk , arms and legs , sparing the palms , soles , head and neck . Associated angioedema has been reported in a few patients . A review of 94 cases found a mean age at onset of 51 years , and only four patients developed symptoms before the age of 35 . The cause and disease mechanism of Schnitzler syndrome remain largely unknown . Schnitzler syndrome is considered an autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorder . Chronic hives and a monoclonal gammopathy have been proposed as the major criteria , while the others represent minor criteria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b08c0f8d6499fedab241f4d7294219e9", "text": "Irritable bowel syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) is a group of symptoms -- including abdominal pain and changes in the pattern of bowel movements without any evidence of underlying damage . These symptoms occur over a long time , often years . It has been classified into four main types depending on if diarrhea is common , constipation is common , both are common , or neither occurs very often ( IBS-D , IBS-C , IBS-M , or IBS-U respectively ) . IBS negatively affects quality of life and may result in missed school or work . Disorders such as anxiety , major depression , and chronic fatigue syndrome are common among people with IBS . The causes of IBS are not clear . Theories include gut -- brain axis problems , small intestinal bacterial overgrowth , genetic factors , food sensitivity , and gut motility problems . Onset may be triggered by an intestinal infection , or stressful life event . IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder . Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in the absence of worrisome features . Worrisome features include onset at greater than 50 years of age , weight loss , blood in the stool , or a family history of inflammatory bowel disease . Other conditions that may present similarly include celiac disease , microscopic colitis , inflammatory bowel disease , bile acid malabsorption , and colon cancer . There is no cure for IBS . Treatment is carried out to improve symptoms . This may include dietary changes , medication , probiotics , and counseling . Dietary measures include increasing soluble fiber intake , a gluten free diet , or a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides , disaccharides , monosaccharides , and polyols ( FODMAP ) . The medication loperamide may be used to help with diarrhea while laxatives may be used to help with constipation . Antidepressants may improve overall symptoms and pain . Patient education and a good doctor -- patient relationship are an important part of care . About 10 to 15 % of people in the developed world are believed to be affected by IBS . It is more common in South America and less common in Southeast Asia . It is twice as common in women as men and typically occurs before age 45 . The condition appears to become less common with age . IBS does not affect life expectancy or lead to other serious diseases . The first description of the condition was in 1820 while the current term `` irritable bowel syndrome '' came into use in 1944 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb338cef415fce471641b40c7957409d", "text": "Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis , also known as hypochondria , health anxiety or illness anxiety disorder , refers to worry about having a serious illness . This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition . An individual suffering from hypochondriasis is known as a hypochondriac . Hypochondriacs become unduly alarmed about any physical or psychological symptoms they detect , no matter how minor the symptom may be , and are convinced that they have , or are about to be diagnosed with , a serious illness . Often , hypochondria persists even after a physician has evaluated a person and reassured them that their concerns about symptoms do not have an underlying medical basis or , if there is a medical illness , their concerns are far in excess of what is appropriate for the level of disease . Many hypochondriacs focus on a particular symptom as the catalyst of their worrying , such as gastro-intestinal problems , palpitations , or muscle fatigue . To qualify for the diagnosis of hypochondria the symptoms must have been experienced for at least 6 months . The DSM-IV-TR defines this disorder , `` Hypochondriasis '' , as a somatoform disorder and one study has shown it to affect about 3 % of the visitors to primary care settings . The newly published DSM-5 replaces the diagnosis of hypochondriasis with the diagnoses of `` somatic symptom disorder '' and `` illness anxiety disorder '' . Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily or mental symptoms may indicate a serious illness , constant self-examination and self-diagnosis , and a preoccupation with one 's body . Many individuals with hypochondriasis express doubt and disbelief in the doctors ' diagnosis , and report that doctors ' reassurance about an absence of a serious medical condition is unconvincing , or short-lasting . Additionally , many hypochondriacs experience elevated blood pressure , stress , and anxiety in the presence of doctors or while occupying a medical facility , a condition known as `` white coat syndrome '' . Many hypochondriacs require constant reassurance , either from doctors , family , or friends , and the disorder can become a disabling torment for the individual with hypochondriasis , as well as his or her family and friends . Some hypochondriacal individuals completely avoid any reminder of illness , whereas others frequently visit medical facilities , sometimes obsessively . Some sufferers may never speak about it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecb543c259e0b0f5b3469faef6a76a44", "text": "Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi 's sarcoma or Kaposi sarcoma ( -LSB- ˈkæpəʃi_sɑrˈkoʊmə -RSB- KS ) is a tumor caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8 ( HHV8 ) , also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) or KS agent . It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi , a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872 . It became more widely known as one of the AIDS-defining illnesses in the 1980s . The viral cause for this cancer was discovered in 1994 . Although KS is now well-established to be caused by a viral infection , there is widespread lack of awareness of this even among persons at risk for KSHV/HHV -8 infection . Kaposi sarcoma ( KS ) is a systemic disease that can present with cutaneous lesions with or without internal involvement . Four subtypes have been described : Classic KS , affecting middle aged men of Mediterranean descent ; African endemic KS ; KS in iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients ; and AIDS-related KS . The erythematous to violaceous cutaneous lesions seen in KS have several morphologies : macular , patch , plaque , nodular , and exophytic . The cutaneous lesions can be solitary , localized or disseminated . KS can involve the oral cavity , lymph nodes , and viscera . Classic KS tends to be indolent , presenting with erythematous or violaceous patches on the lower extremities . African endemic KS and AIDS-related KS tend to be more aggressive . The AIDS-related KS lesions often rapidly progress to plaques and nodules affecting the upper trunk , face , and oral mucosa . The diagnosis can be made with a tissue biopsy and , if clinically indicated , internal imaging should be done . Once the diagnosis of KS has been made , treatment is based on the subtype and the presence of localized versus systemic disease . Localized cutaneous disease can be treated with cryotherapy , intralesional injections of vinblastine , alitretinoin gel , radiotherapy , topical immunotherapy ( Imiquimod ) , or surgical excision . Extensive cutaneous disease or internal disease may require intravenous chemotherapy and immunotherapy . Discontinuation or reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is recommended when KS arises in the setting of iatrogenic immunosuppression . However , with AIDS-related KS , highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) has been shown to prevent , or induce regression of , KS . Some AIDS patients have complete resolution of the lesions and prolonged remission while continuing the therapy . Therefore , HAART should be considered first-line treatment for these patients , though they may require other treatments at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eeef80bd0f3a78474337f5510c8a5e3d", "text": "Erythema chronicum migrans Erythema chronicum migrans ( New Latin , literally , `` chronic migrating redness '' ) refers to the rash often ( though not always ) seen in the early stage of Lyme disease . It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite . This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite , but rather an actual skin infection with the Lyme bacteria , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato . `` Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation . '' It is a pathognomonic sign : a physician-identified rash warrants an instant diagnosis of Lyme disease and immediate treatment without further testing , even by the strict criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Such target lesions ( bull 's - eye rashes ) are characteristic of Borrelia infections , and no other pathogens are known that cause this form of rash . A similar condition called Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness ( STARI ) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller . The associated infectious agent has not been determined . Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly . This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans or EM . However , a less common meaning of the term `` erythema migrans '' is a mucosal condition of the tongue , also called geographic tongue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37dec348992cf46ceef7b01f00c308e3", "text": "Pressure ulcer Pressure ulcers , also known as pressure sores , bedsores and decubitus ulcers , are localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of pressure , or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction . The most common sites are the skin overlying the sacrum , coccyx , heels or the hips , but other sites such as the elbows , knees , ankles , back of shoulders , or the back of the cranium can be affected . Pressure ulcers occur due to pressure applied to soft tissue resulting in completely or partially obstructed blood flow to the soft tissue . Shear is also a cause , as it can pull on blood vessels that feed the skin . Pressure ulcers most commonly develop in individuals who are not moving about , such as those being bedridden or confined to a wheelchair . It is widely believed that other factors can influence the tolerance of skin for pressure and shear , thereby increasing the risk of pressure ulcer development . These factors are protein-calorie malnutrition , microclimate ( skin wetness caused by sweating or incontinence ) , diseases that reduce blood flow to the skin , such as arteriosclerosis , or diseases that reduce the sensation in the skin , such as paralysis or neuropathy . The healing of pressure ulcers may be slowed by the age of the person , medical conditions ( such as arteriosclerosis , diabetes or infection ) , smoking or medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs . Although often prevented and treatable if detected early , pressure ulcers can be very difficult to prevent in critically ill people , frail elders , individuals with impaired mobility such as wheelchair users ( especially where spinal injury is involved ) . Primary prevention is to redistribute pressure by regularly turning the person . The benefit of turning to avoid further sores is well documented since at least the 19th century . In addition to turning and re-positioning the person in the bed or wheelchair , eating a balanced diet with adequate protein and keeping the skin free from exposure to urine and stool is very important . The rate of pressure ulcers in hospital settings is high ; the prevalence in European hospitals ranges from 8.3 % to 23 % and 26 % in Canadian healthcare settings . In 2013 , there were 29,000 documented deaths globally , up from 14,000 deaths in 1990 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
fb1cc16aefd1e7c62f571fe411f6c7f0	Windsor, Ontario is outside North America.	[ { "docid": "d81fbeef96454cd032bff89a4d0b13b4", "text": "Canada Canada ( -LSB- ˈkænədə -RSB- -LSB- kanadɑ -RSB- ) is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 e6km2 , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area . Canada 's border with the United States is the world 's longest binational land border . The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly areas are warm in summer . Canada is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains . It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , many near the southern border . One third of the population lives in the three largest cities : Toronto , Montreal and Vancouver . Its capital is Ottawa , and other major urban areas include Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , Winnipeg and Hamilton . Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French claims were made on the area , with the colony of Canada first being established by the French in 1535 during Jacques Cartier 's second voyage to New France . As a consequence of various conflicts , Great Britain gained and lost territories within British North America until it was left , in the late 18th century , with what mostly geographically comprises Canada today . Pursuant to the British North America Act , on July 1 , 1867 , the colonies of Canada , New Brunswick , and Nova Scotia joined to form the semi-autonomous federal Dominion of Canada . This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada . In 1931 , Canada achieved near total independence from the United Kingdom with the Statute of Westminster 1931 , but at the time , Canada decided to allow the British Parliament to temporarily retain the power to amend Canada 's constitution , on request from the Parliament of Canada . With the Constitution Act 1982 , Canada took over that authority ( as the conclusion of Patriation ) , removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom , giving the country full sovereignty . Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state . The country is officially bilingual at the federal level . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries . Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world , relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks . Canada 's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture . Canada is a developed country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index . It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency , civil liberties , quality of life , economic freedom , and education . Canada is a Commonwealth realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations , a member of the Francophonie , and part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , the G8 , the Group of Ten , the G20 , the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fc4348de13d58b9b90e108641eac4fc", "text": "Ontario Ontario ( -LSB- ɒnˈtɛərioʊ -RSB- -LSB- ɔ̃taʁjo -RSB- ) , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2700 km border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the west at Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These are the Rainy River , the Pigeon River , Lake Superior , the St. Marys River , Lake Huron , the St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , the Detroit River , Lake Erie , the Niagara River , Lake Ontario and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km of land border made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is located in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "203de64849a849f1b7518ceb44f4e230", "text": "Windsor, Ontario Windsor ( -LSB- ˈwɪnzər -RSB- ) is a city in Ontario and the southernmost city in Canada . It is located on the southern shore of the Detroit River , directly across the river from Detroit , Michigan . Windsor is a major contributor to Canada 's automotive industry and has a storied history and a diverse culture . Windsor is among the best places to retire in Ontario , according to Comfort Life , a publication for seniors , partly because of the low cost of living . According to this source , the Globe and Mail also makes this recommendation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09b5a80e469e6c30923c07b4f0f21304", "text": "Detroit River The Detroit River flows for 24 nmi from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie as a strait in the Great Lakes system and forms part of the border between Canada and the United States . The river divides the metropolitan areas of Detroit , Michigan and Windsor , Ontario - an area referred to as Detroit -- Windsor . The two cities are connected by the Ambassador Bridge , the Detroit -- Windsor Tunnel and the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel . The river 's name comes from the French Rivière Détroit , meaning River of the Strait . The Detroit River has served an important role in the history of Detroit and is one of the busiest waterways in the world . The river travels west and south from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie , and the whole river is coterminous with the border between Canada and the United States . The river serves as an important transportation route connecting Lake Michigan , Huron , and Superior to the St. Lawrence Seaway and Erie Canal . When Detroit underwent rapid industrialization at the turn of the 20th century , the Detroit River became notoriously polluted and toxic . In recent years , however , the ecological importance of the river has warranted a vast restoration effort , and the river today has a wide variety of economical and recreational uses . There are numerous islands in the Detroit River , and much of the lower portion of the river is incorporated into the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge . The portion of the river in the city of Detroit has been organized into the Detroit International Riverfront and the William G. Milliken State Park and Harbor . The Detroit River is designated an American Heritage River and a Canadian Heritage River -- the only river to have this dual designation .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9aa2ed6cd6ea98fbd5fa3aa4cfe7c293", "text": "Windsor Hotel (Cairo) The Windsor Hotel ( فندق وندسور in Arabic , Hôtel Windsor in French ) is an historic hotel in downtown Cairo , Egypt . Constructed in 1893 , it is located near Opera Square and across Alfi Bey Street from the site of the former Shepheard 's Hotel , of which it once served as an annex . During the First World War , it served as a British Officers Club , and much of its interior and furnishings date to this period . It has been called `` an unrestored ode to the days of British colonial travel . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abfb041b3aec4a50b80e24ad72241878", "text": "United States v. Windsor United States v. Windsor , ( Docket No . ) , is a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of `` marriage '' and `` spouse '' to apply only to opposite-sex unions , by Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) , is unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment ; Justice Kennedy wrote : `` The federal statute is invalid , for no legitimate purpose overcomes the purpose and effect to disparage and to injure those whom the State , by its marriage laws , sought to protect in personhood and dignity . '' Edith Windsor ( born 1929 ) and Thea Spyer ( October 8 , 1931 -- February 5 , 2009 ) , a same-sex couple residing in New York , were lawfully married in Toronto , Canada , in 2007 . Later in 2008 , New York recognized their marriage following a court decision . Spyer died at the age of 77 in 2009 , leaving her entire estate to Windsor . Windsor sought to claim the federal estate tax exemption for surviving spouses . She was barred from doing so by Section 3 of DOMA ( codified at ) , which provided that the term `` spouse '' only applied to marriages between a man and woman . The Internal Revenue Service found that the exemption did not apply to same-sex marriages , denied Windsor 's claim , and compelled her to pay $ 363,053 in estate taxes . On November 9 , 2010 , Windsor sued the federal government in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York , seeking a refund because DOMA singled out legally married same-sex couples for `` differential treatment compared to other similarly situated couples without justification . '' On February 23 , 2011 , U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Department of Justice would not defend the constitutionality of Section 3 in Windsor . On April 18 , 2011 , Paul Clement , representing the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group ( BLAG ) , intervened to defend the law . On June 6 , 2012 , Judge Barbara S. Jones ruled that Section 3 of DOMA was unconstitutional under the due process guarantees of the Fifth Amendment and ordered the federal government to issue the tax refund , including interest . The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit , in a 2 -- 1 decision , affirmed the district court 's judgment on October 18 , 2012 . BLAG petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to review the decision , and the Court issued a writ of certiorari in December 2012 . On March 27 , 2013 , the court heard oral arguments . On June 26 , 2013 , the U.S. Supreme Court issued a 5 -- 4 decision declaring Section 3 of DOMA to be unconstitutional `` as a deprivation of the liberty of the person protected by the Fifth Amendment . '' On the same day , the court also issued a separate 5 -- 4 decision in Hollingsworth v. Perry -- a case related to California 's constitutional amendment initiative barring same-sex marriage . The decision effectively allowed same-sex marriages in that state to resume after the court ruled that the proponents of the initiative lacked Article III standing to appeal in federal court based on its established interpretation of the case or controversy clause .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76ff57ae1800d14c6d53d6a1e4e3ff0f", "text": "Metro Toronto Convention Centre Metro Toronto Convention Centre ( originally and still colloquially Metro Convention Centre , and sometimes MTCC ) , is a convention complex located in Toronto , Ontario , Canada along Front Street West in the former Railway Lands in Downtown Toronto . The property is today owned by Oxford Properties . The centre is operated by the Metropolitan Toronto Convention Centre Corporation , an independent agency of the Government of Ontario .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6f44817665013608a501571d610b2d1", "text": "Old Windsor Old Windsor is a large village and civil parish adjoining the River Thames , in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead , in Berkshire , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fa3c4e60f9307dba519705dd9fd0c2", "text": "First Church of Windsor The First Church in Windsor , Connecticut is the oldest Congregational church in Connecticut . Its origin can be traced back to 1630 , when 140 men and women sailed out of Plymouth , England on the Mary & John . This was the first of 17 ships in the so-called Winthrop Fleet , bound for the Massachusetts Bay Colony . When they heard from the Indians about the fertile land along the Connecticut River in what is now called the Connecticut River Valley , a small contingent of settlers travelled southwest and established the first settlement in Connecticut at Windsor in 1633 . Word soon spread that Windsor was a good place in which to settle : in 1635 , the congregation of the First Church departed from their homes in Dorchester , Massachusetts to relocate to Connecticut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64eba73474f407c7b2ae678d79673537", "text": "Ontario, New York Ontario is a town in the northwest corner of Wayne County , New York , United States . The population was 9,778 at the 2000 census , and 10,136 at the 2010 census . The town is named after the Great Lake on its northern border . The town has a hamlet ( and census-designated place ) , also called Ontario . Government offices for the town are located there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af36f00cc6ee7068d63d475798da7772", "text": "Windsor Station (Montreal) Windsor Station ( Gare Windsor ) is a former railway station in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It used to be the city 's Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) station , and served as the headquarters of CPR from 1889 to 1996 . It is bordered by Avenue des Canadiens-de-Montréal to the north , Peel Street to the east , Saint Antoine Street to the south and the Bell Centre to the west . Windsor Station was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1975 , and was designated a Heritage Railway Station in 1990 , and a provincial historic monument in 2009 . The walls are gray limestone from a quarry in Montreal . Outside , the columns reach up to 7 ft wide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48e28bb4a16833b13df3a4e9cdaac655", "text": "Queen's Park (Toronto) Queen 's Park is an urban park in Downtown Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Opened in 1860 by Edward , Prince of Wales , it was named in honour of Queen Victoria . The park is the site of the Ontario Legislative Building , which houses the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , and the phrase `` Queen 's Park '' is regularly used as a metonym for the Government of Ontario . The park is nearly an enclave of the University of Toronto , which occupies most of the surrounding lands . In 1854 , the land was leased by the University of Toronto to the City of Toronto for a 999-year term . In 1880 , a `` portion of the Queen 's Park -LSB- was -RSB- selected -LSB- and given to -RSB- the Government of Ontario , as a site for the erection of new Legislative and Departmental buildings '' . The land that is occupied by Legislative Assembly of Ontario is owned by the Government of Ontario . The north park is owned by the University of Toronto and leased to the city . Ministry buildings of the Ontario government occupy other properties to the east of the park , in an area between Wellesley Street and Grosvenor Street . While not adjacent to the park , the Royal Ontario Museum and the Gardiner Museum are located nearby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9abfb02faaa4366bb7b0ccc8bde66f4a", "text": "Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority The Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority ( WDBA ; Autorité du pont Windsor-Détroit ) is the Canadian federal Crown corporation responsible for administering the construction and management of the Gordie Howe International Bridge . Once the bridge is complete , the WDBA will also set and collect the bridge tolls . Lisa Raitt , then-Minister of Transport , appointed Michael Cautillo , Mark R. McQueen , William Graham , and Caroline Mulroney Lapham as the first board of directors of the WDBA . Of the board members , Cautillo was appointed the authority 's president and CEO and McQueen was appointed chairman of the board . While recognizing that the individuals first appointed to the body on July 30 , 2014 , all had strong financial expertise , the Windsor Star noted that none of them had local ties to the Windsor region . Tom Mulcair , New Democratic Party leader and then-Leader of the Official Opposition in the Canadian Parliament , noted that three of the first four appointees were donors to the Conservative Party of Canada . On January 1 , 2016 , retired Provincial Liberal Minister Dwight Duncan was appointed to be the interim chair of the Board . On December 14 , 2016 , he was appointed to a five year term as the Board 's permanent chair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd5ee307ed1527d1bcc61020703d1608", "text": "County of Brant For the provincial electoral district known as `` Brant County '' , see Brant ( provincial electoral district ) . The County of Brant ( 2016 population 36,707 ) is a single-tier municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario . Despite its name , it is no longer a county by definition , as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government . The county has service offices in Burford , Paris and St. George . It is a predominantly rural municipality in Southern Ontario . The largest population centre ( 2016 population , 12,310 ) is Paris . The County is bordered by the Region of Waterloo , the City of Hamilton , Haldimand County , Norfolk County , and Oxford County . The County abuts the provincially-mandated Greenbelt ( Golden Horseshoe ) . Although the city of Brantford appears geographically to be located in the County , it is a fully independent city with its own municipal government . The Brant census division , which includes Brantford and the Six Nations and New Credit reserves , along with the County of Brant , had a population of 134,808 in the 2016 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f77702e4cf1d60f5c4540ff98e165b04", "text": "United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry The United Counties of Stormont , Dundas and Glengarry is an upper-tier municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario that comprises three historical counties and excludes the City of Cornwall and the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne . However , both Cornwall and Akwesasne form part of a larger census division named for the United Counties of Stormont , Dundas and Glengarry . The municipality 's administrative office is located within Cornwall . The united counties border Quebec to the east and New York in the United States to the south . The sovereign Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne straddles both borders , thus including territory partly within the united counties , Quebec and New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc9c28f94dd921b1740236db04d600c2", "text": "Mount Royal, Quebec Mount Royal ( officially , Town of Mount Royal , abbreviated TMR ) is an affluent on-island suburban town located on the northwest side of the eponymous Mount Royal , north of Downtown Montreal , on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . It is completely surrounded by Montreal . The population was 19,503 as of the Canada 2011 Census . In 2008 , most of the Town of Mount Royal was designated a National Historic Site of Canada , as a '' -LSB- remarkable -RSB- synthesis of urban renewal movements of the early 20th century , reflecting the influence of the City Beautiful , Garden City and Garden Suburb movements '' . The town celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5039d70c01fe2e32e39bfd17f55d5575", "text": "Windsor School, Chile Windsor School is a private cooperative school founded in 1959 , in Valdivia , Chile . Once bilingual , the school however promotes the study of English language with international exchange programs and an English laboratory . The Windsor School has also football , basketball , hockey , volleyball and rugby teams , and participates in the ELSA games arranged by Southern Chile 's English schools .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b952fe519f84bfc685a0d09b8d48e18", "text": "Doors Open Ottawa Doors Open Ottawa is an annual event held in the City of Ottawa , Ontario , Canada , that gives the public access to many of the city 's unique and historically significant buildings . Among the buildings included are government offices , museums , radio stations , places of worship , embassies , and historical landmarks . It is the second-oldest Doors Open event in North America ; after Doors Open Toronto . Admission is free of charge . Doors Open Ottawa has recorded nearly 850,000 visits since it began in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4461698c4f7cf0e7956b71abdca929ba", "text": "Windsor Way (Vancouver) Windsor Way is a special community street that links four parks and three elementary schools as well as a bike path in East Vancouver , Canada , which was identified as a local Greenway in the Kensington-Cedar Cottage Visioning process . As there was no funding available to turn the many blocks of this street into a local Greenway , the local community worked with the City of Vancouver planning department to implement a demonstration project called `` Blooming Boulevards '' . This demonstration project allowed residents to garden the frontages of their yards between the street and the sidewalk . This section of street contains the wires and ducts of the city , and this was the first time that gardening on these city owned frontages was allowed . The program was so successful that Blooming Boulevards are now city policy and boulevards are now gardened throughout the city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b92acea91b607e4eb5333ded9631610", "text": "Grand River (Ontario) The Grand River ( Grande-Riviere in French and O : se Kenhionhata : tie in Mohawk ) is a large river in Southwestern Ontario , Canada . It also lies along the western fringe of the Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario which overlaps the eastern portion of southwestern Ontario along the length of this river . From its source near Wareham , Ontario , it flows south through Grand Valley , Fergus , Elora , Waterloo , Kitchener , Cambridge , Paris , Brantford , Caledonia , and Cayuga before emptying into the north shore of Lake Erie south of Dunnville at Port Maitland . One of the scenic and spectacular features of the river is the falls and Gorge at Elora . The Grand River is the largest river that is entirely within southern Ontario 's boundaries . The river owes its size to the unusual fact that its source is relatively close to the base of the Bruce Peninsula , yet it flows southwards to Lake Erie , rather than to central Lake Huron or Georgian Bay ( most southern Ontario rivers flow into the nearest Great Lake , which is why most of them are small ) , thus giving it more distance to take in more water from tributaries . The river 's rural character , ease of access and lack of portages make it a desirable canoeing location , especially the stretch between West Montrose and Paris . A number of conservation areas have been established along the river , and are managed by the Grand River Conservation Authority . The Grand Valley Trail stretches 275 km along the river 's valley between the town of Dundalk and Lake Erie . The Mohawk name for the Grand River , O : se Kenhionhata : tie means `` Willow River , '' for the many willows in the watershed . During the 18th century , the French colonists named it Grande-Rivière . It was later renamed as Ouse River by John Graves Simcoe for the River Great Ouse near his childhood home in Lincolnshire on the east coast of England . The anglicized form of the French name has remained in common use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c0e5ac85986a1d51a0227077f5e5a62", "text": "Ojibway Prairie Complex The Ojibway Prairie Complex is a 350-hectare complex of parks and nature reserves on the west side of Windsor , Ontario , Canada . It comprises Ojibway Park , Tallgrass Prairie Heritage Park , Black Oak Heritage Park , Ojibway Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve , and the Spring Garden Natural Area . The complex should not be confused with Ojibway Provincial Park , some 1100 km away in northwestern Ontario . The Ojibway Prairie Complex includes the Ojibway Nature Centre , which administers the Ojibway Park Tallgrass , and Black Oak Heritage Park , and also offers free exhibits , public education , and summer programmes for children . Habitats at the Ojibway Prairie Complex include forests , ponds , and prairie . Ojibway is home to a wide variety of wildlife , including many species of turtles , lizards , snakes , toads , frogs , salamanders , opossums , shrews , and bats . A great variety of birds can also be seen . The complex is popular with a wide variety of visitors , particularly birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a800b618bc150c4fb12f3109748efcb4", "text": "Sault Ste. Marie Sault Ste. Marie is a cross-border region in Canada and the United States . Formerly a single settlement from 1668 to 1817 , it was subsequently divided by the establishment of the Canada -- US border in the area . The name may refer to : Sault Ste. Marie , Ontario ( pop . 74,948 ) , a city in Canada Sault Ste. Marie Canal Sault Ste. Marie ( electoral district ) , a federal electoral district in Ontario , Canada Sault Ste. Marie ( provincial electoral district ) , a provincial electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario Sault Ste. Marie , Michigan ( population 16,542 ) , a city in the United States HMCS Sault Ste. Marie ( J334 ) , a Royal Canadian Navy minesweeper during World War II", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba33a2ea31da87a42a778f736fa74561", "text": "Windsor Park, Edmonton Windsor Park is a south central neighbourhood in the City of Edmonton , Alberta , Canada . It is located immediately to the west of the University of Alberta north campus and overlooking the North Saskatchewan River valley to the north , west , and south west . It shares a short boundary with the neighbourhood of Belgravia to the south . One of the benefits to residents comes from the neighbourhood 's central location with easy access to other parts of the city provided by roads and by LRT stations located on the University of Alberta campus . Groat Road leads into the river valley and to Hawrelak Park and Emily Murphy Park , both located in the river valley immediately below the neighbourhood . Groat Road and Groat Bridge give residents access to destinations on the north side , including downtown Edmonton , Westmount Centre , and Telus World of Science . University Avenue and 87 Avenue both take residents to Whyte Avenue , and Old Strathcona . The main artery south from the university area , 114 Street , gives access to Southgate Centre and Whitemud Drive . Whitemud Drive gives residents another way to reach the north side , with this one providing good access to West Edmonton Mall . The University LRT Station and Health Sciences LRT Station , both located on the adjoining university campus , give residents another option for getting to the downtown core , as well as access to destinations in north east Edmonton , including Northlands , the Coliseum , and Commonwealth Stadium . If this were n't enough , residents live almost right on the doorstep of the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium and the medical facilities provided through the University of Alberta Hospitals .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d1f3f5c9e3cb4b45a45b75afe353b98a	Joan Cusack worked with Wilford Brimley.	[ { "docid": "8c50ce3fdba9879525e819e7d1f48e2f", "text": "In & Out (film) In & Out is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Oz and starring Kevin Kline , Tom Selleck , Joan Cusack , Matt Dillon , Debbie Reynolds , and Wilford Brimley . It is an original story by screenwriter Paul Rudnick . Joan Cusack was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance . The film was inspired by Tom Hanks 's tearful speech when he accepted his 1994 Oscar ( for his role in Philadelphia ) , in which he mentioned his high-school drama coach Rawley Farnsworth , and his former classmate John Gilkerson , `` two of the finest gay Americans , two wonderful men that I had the good fortune to be associated with . '' The film became one of mainstream Hollywood 's few attempts at a comedic `` gay movie '' of its era , and was widely noted at the time for a 12-second kiss between Kevin Kline and Tom Selleck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed77ab6d14c5b391225e50f7a25768e", "text": "Joan Cusack Joan Cusack ( -LSB- ˈkjuːsæk -RSB- , born October 11 , 1962 ) is an American actress . She received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress for her roles in the romantic comedy-drama Working Girl ( 1988 ) and the romantic comedy In & Out ( 1997 ) , as well as one Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the latter . She is also known as the voice of Jessie in the Toy Story franchise . Cusack was a cast member on the comedy sketch show Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1986 . She starred on the Showtime hit drama/comedy Shameless as Sheila Gallagher ( née Jackson ) , a role for which she has received five consecutive Emmy Award nominations , winning for the first time in 2015 . She is the sister of actress Ann and actor John Cusack .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d5ca80ac8f89c0da3ee8dfa187d59aef", "text": "Dust (1985 film) Dust is a 1985 film directed by Marion Hänsel based on the J. M. Coetzee novel In the Heart of the Country . The film was shot in Spain and is a French-Belgian production . The film was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . It won the Silver Lion prize , awarded to the best first or second major work by a director , at the 1985 Venice Film Festival . The jury recognised Jane Birkin 's performance as amongst the best of the year , but decided not to award a best actress prize because all of the actresses they judged to have made the best performances were in films that won major awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7f8d63408b5af40b579b010e6282272", "text": "Joan Gerber Joan Gerber ( July 29 , 1935 -- August 22 , 2011 ) was an American voice actress who provided voices for a variety of cartoons . Her most challenging voice role was `` all the children in a Japanese train wreck '' for a Godzilla television episode . She voiced Freddy the Flute for H.R. Pufnstuf , which she identified as a favorite role . She also voiced the Queen of Oz in the animated cartoon Dorothy in the Land of Oz . She was described as talented and possessing a `` golden throat '' and a `` splendid singing voice '' . She had one daughter from her marriage to Frank Dowse . Gerber died on August 22 , 2011 , at the age of 76 . < ref name = SAG > Profile , Screen Actor 's Guild Magazine '' , Vol . 52 , No. 3 , pg . 76 ( Fall 2011 ) . </ref>", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e225048399f034d939dc257ee6cd8a9", "text": "Heat and Dust (film) Heat and Dust is a 1983 romantic drama film with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala based upon her novel , Heat and Dust . It was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant . It stars Greta Scacchi , Shashi Kapoor and Julie Christie . The plot of Heat and Dust follows two intertwined stories . The first is set in the 1920s and deals with an illicit affair between Olivia , the beautiful young wife of a British colonial official , and an Indian Nawab . The second , set in 1982 , deals with Anne , Olivia 's great-niece , who travels to India hoping to find out about her great-aunt 's life , and while there also has an affair with an Indian man . Heat and Dust forms part of a cycle of film and television productions which emerged during the first half of the 1980s , reflecting Britain 's growing interest in the British Raj . In addition to Heat and Dust , this cycle included Gandhi ( 1982 ) , The Jewel in the Crown ( 1984 ) , The Far Pavilions ( 1984 ) and A Passage to India ( 1984 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1790ca68cb6c1739b913b8aa027390e2", "text": "Piven Theatre Workshop The Piven Theatre Workshop is located in Evanston , Illinois and was founded by Joyce and Byrne Piven . For over 30 years , it has existed both as a professional theatre company and a training center for children and adults . Famous alumni to come out of the program include Jeremy Piven , John Cusack , Joan Cusack , Ann Cusack , Aidan Quinn , Laurel Holloman , Lili Taylor , and Kate Walsh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12cc611327782c36039a4f00a2b6c0a4", "text": "Cul-de-sac (1966 film) Cul-de-sac is a 1966 British psychological comic thriller directed by the Polish director Roman Polanski . It was his second film in English , written by Polanski and Gérard Brach . The cast includes Donald Pleasence , Françoise Dorléac , Lionel Stander , Jack MacGowran , Iain Quarrier , Geoffrey Sumner , Renée Houston , William Franklyn , Trevor Delaney , Marie Kean . It also features Jacqueline Bisset ( credited as Jackie Bisset ) in a small role , in her second film appearance . The black and white cinematography is by Gil Taylor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "888677d77638c770bbe89cdcc6bb3470", "text": "The Woman in the Hall The Woman in the Hall is a 1947 British drama film , directed by Jack Lee , with a screenplay by Jack Lee , Ian Dalrymple and Gladys Bronwyn Stern , from Stern 's novel . It was released in 1947 . `` A studio bound melodrama , it seems atypical of Lee 's later films , but the struggles of an individual to achieve a goal and through that struggle develop into a better person was a recurrent theme . '' The film features the screen debut of future television star Susan Hampshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701b18b285d7a3993a4bb2a1f4dda514", "text": "Joan Woodbury Joan Woodbury ( December 17 , 1915 -- February 22 , 1989 ) was an American actress beginning in the 1930s and continuing well into the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a57ea1268e3d2c48932327e27bbadb57", "text": "Pick a Peck of Plumbers Pick a Peck of Plumbers is an American comedy short produced and directed by Jules White . Released by Columbia Pictures on July 23 , 1944 , it stars El Brendel and Shemp Howard , both of whom receive top-billing in the short .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466fbccda7a9741e692ad134f7876912", "text": "Our Betters Our Betters is a 1933 American Pre-Code satirical comedy film directed by George Cukor . The screenplay by Jane Murfin and Harry Wagstaff Gribble is based on the 1923 play of the same title by W. Somerset Maugham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b31305df864419575b5fd70f08701414", "text": "Better Off Dead (film) Better Off Dead is a 1985 American teen romantic comedy film starring John Cusack and written and directed by Savage Steve Holland . It tells the story of high school student Lane Myer who is suicidal after his girlfriend breaks up with him shortly before Christmas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f129e8f0db049e66604e7f77b3b1648", "text": "Cush Jumbo Cush Jumbo ( born 23 September 1985 ) is an English actress and writer . She wrote and starred in a one-woman show , Josephine and I . In 2011 , she won the Ian Charleson Award for young actors as Rosalind in As You Like It and received an Olivier nomination in 2012 as Mark Antony in an all-female cast of Julius Caesar . She played attorney Lucca Quinn in the seventh season of the U.S. drama series The Good Wife on CBS and its spinoff The Good Fight on CBS All Access .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "843552c465d6a076a5db266c4b3c37c7", "text": "The Naked Truth (1957 film) The Naked Truth is a 1957 British film comedy starring Terry-Thomas , Peter Sellers and Dennis Price . Peggy Mount , Shirley Eaton and Joan Sims also appear . It was produced and directed by Mario Zampi and written by Michael Pertwee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db549dde7a43244528c0ecc48a4f4c9b", "text": "Once a Crook Once a Crook is a 1941 British crime film directed by Herbert Mason , produced by Edward Black for 20th Century Fox and featuring Gordon Harker , Sydney Howard , Bernard Lee , Kathleen Harrison , and Raymond Huntley . It is an adaptation to the big screen from a stage play by Evadne Price and Ken Attiwell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb73ba9fb5061e1db26aed4055727110", "text": "The Manchester Man (film) The Manchester Man is a 1920 British silent drama film directed by Bert Wynne and starring Hayford Hobbs , Aileen Bagot and Joan Hestor . It was an adaptation of the 1876 novel The Manchester Man by Isabella Banks . It follows the lifetime of a Manchester resident Jabez Clegg during the turbulent 19th century . The plot has been summarized by Denis Gifford as `` Lancashire , 1800 . Clerk loves merchant 's daughter who elopes with crook . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93747b05a73ba5f6d411e22d57d96047", "text": "Joan Blackham Joan Blackham ( born 1946 in Wolverhampton , Staffordshire , England ) is a prolific British actress with a long stage , film and television career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ef7f0328d26f06e121954b2b19a18f4", "text": "Saint Joan of the Stockyards Saint Joan of the Stockyards ( -LSB- Die Heilige Johanna der Schlachthöfe , links = no -RSB- ) is a play written by the German modernist playwright Bertolt Brecht between 1929 and 1931 , after the success of his musical The Threepenny Opera and during the period of his radical experimental work with the Lehrstücke . It is based on the musical that he co-authored with Elisabeth Hauptmann , Happy End ( 1929 ) . In this version of the story of Joan of Arc , Brecht transforms her into `` Joan Dark '' , a member of the `` Black Straw Hats '' ( a Salvation Army-like group ) in 20th-century Chicago . The play charts Joan 's battle with Pierpont Mauler , the unctuous owner of a meat-packing plant . Like her predecessor , Joan is a doomed woman , a martyr and ( initially , at least ) an innocent in a world of strike-breakers , fat cats , and penniless workers . Like many of Brecht 's plays it is laced with humor and songs as part of its epic dramaturgical structure and deals with the theme of emancipation from material suffering and exploitation . The play was broadcast on Berlin Radio on the 11 April 1932 , with Carola Neher as Joan and Fritz Kortner as Mauler . The cast also included Helene Weigel , Ernst Busch , Peter Lorre , Paul Bildt and Friedrich Gnass . The play did not receive its first theatrical production until the 30 April 1959 , at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg , after Brecht 's death . Brecht had asked Gustaf Gründgens to direct , with scenic design by Caspar Neher and music by Siegfried Franz . Brecht 's daughter Hanne Hiob played Joan . Brecht wrote two other versions of the Joan of Arc story : The Visions of Simone Machard ( 1942 ) and The Trial of Joan of Arc of Proven , 1431 ( 1952 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c16c5980c606fe537f0c496205e3108a", "text": "Going Straight (1933 film) Going Straight is a 1933 British comedy film directed by John Rawlins and starring Moira Lynd , Helen Ferrers and Joan Marion . It was made at Teddington Studios as a quota quickie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb67483c6884fd7f5db4fd4c8a21015e", "text": "Lolita (1962 film) Lolita is a 1962 British-American black comedy-drama film directed by Stanley Kubrick . Based on his novel of the same title , Vladimir Nabokov also wrote the screenplay . It follows a middle-aged literature lecturer who becomes obsessed with an adolescent girl . The film stars James Mason as Humbert Humbert , Sue Lyon as Dolores Haze ( Lolita ) , and Shelley Winters as Charlotte Haze , with Peter Sellers as Clare Quilty . Owing to the MPAA 's restrictions at the time , the film toned down the more provocative aspects of the novel , sometimes leaving much to the audience 's imagination . The actress who played Lolita , Sue Lyon , was 14 at the time of filming . Lolita polarized contemporary critics , but is well-received today . Kubrick later commented , however , that if he had realized how severe the censorship limitations were going to be , he probably would never have made the film .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5f204083ab023e9ce196b17c151f1963	David Jones (video game developer) founded a company.	[ { "docid": "4ee1e2967de879b93acd47a31c4e3090", "text": "David Jones (video game developer) David Scott Jones ( born October 1965 ) is a Scottish games programmer and entrepreneur who founded computer game companies DMA Design in 1987 ( which became Rockstar North in 2002 ) and Realtime Worlds in 2002 . Jones created Lemmings and Grand Theft Auto , which both spawned many successful sequels . He also created the Crackdown franchise for the Xbox 360 and Xbox One consoles , and the open-ended massively multiplayer online game , APB : All Points Bulletin .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0a6ffbcf6d85e17149884918ff17b424", "text": "The 3DO Company The 3DO Company ( formerly THDO on the NASDAQ stock exchange ) , also known as 3DO , was an American video game company . It was founded in 1991 by Electronic Arts founder Trip Hawkins , in a partnership with seven companies including LG , Matsushita ( now Panasonic ) , AT&T Corporation , MCA , Time Warner , and Electronic Arts itself . After 3DO 's flagship video game console , the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer , failed in the marketplace , the company exited the hardware business and became a third-party video game developer . It went bankrupt in 2003 due to poor sales of its games . Its headquarters were in Redwood City , California in the San Francisco Bay Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9234fd1164200cc25582860657536ec8", "text": "International Games System International Games System ( IGS ; ) is a company based in Taiwan which develops video game software for arcade cabinets and home computers . It was founded in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaae1e701c147de343115c1c88cbf2f6", "text": "Indiana Jones in the Lost Kingdom Indiana Jones in the Lost Kingdom is a puzzle video game developed by Michael J. Hanson and published by Mindscape for the Commodore 64 . The game is based on the Indiana Jones series , and was released in North America around January 1985 , while a U.K. version was released in March 1985 . Gameplay requires the player to think like fictional archaeologist Indiana Jones to solve the puzzles of each level , as the game does not provide the player with any rules or gameplay information ; the game 's cover advertised , `` Nobody told Indiana Jones the rules . And no one will tell you . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda834e11e674511e38eefb6d130099c", "text": "Big Huge Games Big Huge Games is a video game developer located in Timonium , Maryland . The company was founded in February 2000 by four veteran game industry developers : Tim Train , David Inscore , Jason Coleman and Brian Reynolds ( lead designer of Alpha Centauri , et al. ) . Their first game , Rise of Nations , was a critical and commercial hit . The original studio became defunct in May 2012 , but the name `` Big Huge Games '' was later reacquired by Reynolds and Train for their new venture ( previously known as SecretNewCo ) . The revived studio released the mobile game DomiNations on Android and iOS in April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "962c9b88e49c08992949f061b5e86e3d", "text": "Cloud Imperium Games Cloud Imperium Games Corporation is an American video game company , founded in 2010 by Chris Roberts and Ortwin Freyermuth , with offices in Los Angeles , California , Austin , Texas , Manchester , Derby and Frankfurt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56d25c1c822c46e3633200eed6402f62", "text": "Revolution Software Revolution Software Ltd is a British video game developer , based in York , United Kingdom . The company was founded in 1990 by Charles Cecil , Tony Warriner , David Sykes and Noirin Carmody . Until 6 December 1990 , the company was named Turnvale Limited after the location in their first game Lure of the Temptress . The company 's speciality would be for writing adventure games , including Beneath a Steel Sky , and the Broken Sword series which have sold over 4 million copies worldwide and have earned # 100 million . The company was started with a view to creating Lure of the Temptress -- which incorporated the Virtual Theatre Engine . This virtual engine was subsequently used to develop the first two games in the Broken Sword series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4342315377fe41fca65e8d4a29ab68f5", "text": "Ritual Entertainment Ritual Entertainment was a video game developer established in 1996 by Robert Atkins , Mark Dochtermann , Jim Dosé , Richard ` Levelord ' Gray , Michael Hadwin , Harry Miller , and Tom Mustaine . Based in Dallas , Texas , Ritual Entertainment was formerly known as Hipnotic Interactive , during which period they began development of their signature video game SiN . Members of the Ritual Entertainment development team have contributed game assets to other titles such as American McGee 's Alice , Medal of Honor : Airborne , Tomb Raider : Legend , and 25 to Life , and are also the creators of '' Übertools '' for id Tech 3 , which has been licensed for a number of other games . On January 24 , 2007 , developer MumboJumbo announced the acquisition of Ritual Entertainment . With this acquisition , Ritual 's focus on traditional action-oriented games was changed to casual games , essentially `` stalling '' Ritual 's latest game series , SiN Episodes , after releasing only one episode out of a planned nine . The purchase followed months of departures of several key employees including chief executive officer Steve Nix who became director of business development at id Software , vice president and co-founder Tom Mustaine who left to found Escalation Studios . Several months after the acquisition , community relations manager Steve Hessel left the company to join Splash Damage . Prior to the announcement , on December 6 , 2006 , Ritual announced the appointment of Ken Harward as the company 's new studio director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "478d5bcc1c0d29a3a747eb1d31f4babc", "text": "Chair Entertainment Chair Entertainment Group , LLC ( commonly referred to as Chair Entertainment , stylized as ChAIR ) is an American video game developer based in Salt Lake City , Utah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3709fd9a2c3a4281515dbf1b456c63cf", "text": "David Production is a Japanese animation studio known for the anime television series adaptation for the long-running manga series JoJo 's Bizarre Adventure . The company was founded by former Gonzo president and producer Kōji Kajita and fellow producer Taito Okiura in September 2007 upon having left Gonzo . The company 's first work was as an animation subcontractor , but in 2009 David Production undertook their first full animation production as a primary contractor with Ristorante Paradiso . Fuji Television acquired the studio on August 1 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "842e4f30bd7280fb83a82d8eb32694c6", "text": "Valcon Games Valcon Games is a developer and publisher of video games based in Bellevue , Washington , United States . The company was founded in 2005 by Colin Gordon and Glen Halseth , both former members of Kemco . Valcon publishes games that are overlooked for the US market and also localizes games from other territories . They have not released any new products since 2011 and their web site current redirects to Google . It is possible the company is no longer in operation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdc4498aaaa40c8ecde686cf99cfe22b", "text": "David Jones (programmer) David Jones is a former freelance computer game programmer who was prolific in the mid-to-late 1980s . He is best known for the creation of the cult computer game character Magic Knight in his 1985 game Finders Keepers for the Mastertronic budget label and released on the ZX Spectrum , Amstrad CPC , MSX and Commodore 64 . Finders Keepers spawned three cult sequels : Spellbound ( 1985 ) , Knight Tyme ( 1986 ) and Stormbringer ( 1987 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00580fb664d3dcad79535d0d8e73692d", "text": "Game (retailer) Game Digital plc is the parent company of Game Retail Limited , a British video game company that trades under the Game brand , stylised as GAME . The company 's origins lie in the founding of the Rhino Group by Terry Norris and Bev Ripley in 1991 . A number of mergers and acquisitions followed during the 1990s , and in 1999 , the company was purchased by Electronics Boutique Limited , which rebranded itself as The Game Group . The company continued to expand during the 2000s , purchasing several retailers including Gameswizards in Australia . In March 2012 , several suppliers , including Nintendo , Electronic Arts and Capcom refused to supply their latest products due to concerns over Game 's creditworthiness . Game subsequently entered administration on 26 March 2012 , and was purchased by OpCapita the following week . Baker Acquisitions was subsequently renamed Game Retail Ltd. . The company operated in the United Kingdom under the Game and Gamestation brands from the acquisition of the latter in May 2007 until late-2012 , when it was announced that the business would focus solely on the Game brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ba2756bffa6bc8c10eb1c6e55079ce4", "text": "Hexage Hexage is a video game developer , based in the Czech Republic but registered in the United Kingdom . The company has produced multiple titles for mobile devices . A few of studio 's games have surpassed a million downloads . The most successful title is Reaper : Tale of a Pale Swordsman . The company was founded in 2009 . It originally focused on mobile devices but in 2013 the company released its games for Windows . Reaper : Tale of a Pale Swordsman even became available on Steam as it succeeded on Steam Greenlight . The company also tried to release Radiant Defense on Steam before , and it got released as well . Even though the company is based in the Czech Republic , it built an image of British company , since in 2009 it was impossible to release video games from the Czech Republic on Google Play . The company develops its games with its own devices . The soundtracks for all the games are by Kubatko", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5ac8606ca4eb57640a1cbcd465c6a3c", "text": "Silicon Studio Silicon Studio is a Japanese computer graphics technology company and video game developer based in Tokyo . As a technology company , Silicon Studio has produced several products in the 3D computer graphics field , including middleware software , such as a post-processing visual effects library called YEBIS , as well as general real-time graphics engines and game development engines , such as OROCHI and Mizuchi , a physically based rendering engine . As a video game developer , Silicon Studio has worked on different titles for several gaming platforms , most notably , the action-adventure game 3D Dot Game Heroes on the PlayStation 3 , the role-playing video game Bravely Default on the Nintendo 3DS , and Fantasica on the iOS and Android mobile platforms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eabc0fdd70071efa1733f4f5b71e2763", "text": "Bruce Davis (video game industry) Bruce L. Davis ( born 1952 ) is an American businessman , currently CEO and chairman of Digimarc . Formerly the head of both Imagic and Activision , he is known for his role in the development of the video game industry . A native of New York , Davis earned a B.S. in accounting and psychology and an M.A. in criminal justice from University at Albany , SUNY , and a law degree from Columbia University . He began his professional career by establishing the intellectual property practice at the firm of Orrick , Herrington & Sutcliffe in San Francisco , California . He assumed leadership of Imagic as it was going out of business in the North American video game crash of 1983 . From 1987 to 1991 , Davis was first chief operating officer , then chairman and CEO of Activision . The board of directors promoted him from senior vice president to replace Jim Levy shortly after the acquisition of Infocom , in the hopes of stemming the continuing financial damage from the crash . He had opposed the merger , and many Infocom employees believed he was deliberately working against them , changing processes that had made the game business successful . Activision co-founder and programmer David Crane was also critical of Davis : `` Bruce Davis ' biggest mistake was treating video games as commodities , rather than creative products . '' Nevertheless , Davis 's leadership of Activision began well . He led the company to a profit in his first year at the helm on strong sales growth , following 16 consecutive quarters of multimillion-dollar losses . The turnaround effort was stymied after a huge damages award for infringement of Magnavox 's original home video game patents was upheld on appeal in 1988 . That year Activision changed its name to Mediagenic , as Davis sought to expand the company 's product lines to non-gaming software . In February 1991 , Robert Kotick , backed by Steve Wynn of Mirage Resorts , staged a successful hostile takeover . Kotick and his team then filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy in cooperation with Magnavox parent company Philips in a leveraged recapitalization of Activision , as it was renamed in 1992 . Kotick replaced Davis in this restructuring . Starting in 1992 , Davis founded and served as president of TV Guide on Screen , a joint venture of News Corporation and TCI that supplied electronic guides and navigational software for the cable television market . The company later merged with Prevue Networks , then with TV Guide . TV Guide later merged with Gemstar International . The resulting Gemstar-TV Guide International was acquired in 2008 by Macrovision . Davis is chairman and CEO of Digimarc . He led Digimarc from start up in 1997 to a more than US$ 100 million public company supplying digital watermarking technologies to national and state governments and to the media industry . He has been chairman of the board since 2002 . A prolific inventor , Davis has been awarded more than 50 patents on television user interface improvements and other innovations in media management and security . In 2003 , Mr. Davis was named Ernst & Young 's Pacific Northwest Entrepreneur Of The Year for the technology category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4cf10d869c146320b858d46f3e7d966", "text": "TimeGate Studios TimeGate Studios was an American video game developer based in Sugar Land , Texas . The company , which was founded in 1998 , released eight titles before closing in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2526e691fa0bbcc84d9e87571285731f", "text": "Oxygen Studios Oxygen Studios was a video game development studio set up by Oxygen Games in 2007 . The studio 's primary focus is on producing mainstream titles on Wii and Nintendo DS . It also collaborates with third parties to bring their titles to PlayStation 2 and PC . In June 2008 , Oxygen Studios were nominated for the Develop Industry Excellence Awards 2008 in the category of Best New UK/European Studio alongside FinBlade , Konami Paris , Rockstar London and Doublesix . In January 2009 , it was announced that the studio had been put up for sale by its parent company , Oxygen Games , as they looked to move back to an external development business model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "268d687158643160696e0174a00a0794", "text": "MercurySteam MercurySteam Entertainment , S.L. is a game developer based in San Sebastián de los Reyes , Spain . The company makes titles for the major platforms , including PC , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . The company was founded by former members of Rebel Act Studios , who previously developed Severance : Blade of Darkness in 2001 . Dave Cox is a producer at Konami who has helped out MercurySteam during the Castlevania : Lords of Shadow trilogy . In 2015 , Nintendo Life reported that MercurySteam had worked on a Metroid prototype for Wii U and 3DS , that was later turned down and possibly retrofitted into a different project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50b22b07c25c1f4ca5b396a5e9228f30", "text": "Firaxis Games Firaxis Games , Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1996 by Sid Meier , Jeff Briggs , and Brian Reynolds upon leaving MicroProse . Now a wholly owned subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive , the company is best known for its Civilization series of games , though it has had notable success with other titles as well . Firaxis is based in Sparks , Maryland ; Sid Meier continues to lead creative efforts there . The focus of the company has been on strategy and simulation games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8bc278153a6681177bb661602b8f840", "text": "WorkJam WorkJam Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社ワークジャム Work Jam Co. , Ltd. ) is a Japanese video game and software development company . The company 's social game business was purchased by CommSeed and Cykan Holdings . Its main headquarters was located in Chiyoda , Tokyo .", "title": "" } ]	fever
afa532ca6db9ec58aafd12046224fcad	Al Gore was born in 1948.	[ { "docid": "a48ef4d65f7319b7e1ea5dbc9cc1b807", "text": "Al Gore Albert Arnold Gore Jr. ( born March 31 , 1948 ) is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton . He was Clinton 's running mate in their successful campaign in 1992 , and was re-elected in 1996 . At the end of Clinton 's second term , Gore was picked as the Democratic nominee for the 2000 presidential election . After leaving office , Gore remained prominent as an author and environmental activist , whose work in climate change activism earned him ( jointly with the IPCC ) the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 . Gore was an elected official for 24 years . He was a Congressman from Tennessee ( 1977 -- 85 ) and from 1985 to 1993 served as one of the state 's Senators . He served as Vice President during the Clinton administration from 1993 to 2001 . In the 2000 presidential election , in what was one of the closest presidential races in history , Gore won the popular vote but lost in the Electoral College to Republican George W. Bush . A controversial election dispute over a vote recount in Florida was settled by the U.S. Supreme Court , which ruled 5 -- 4 in favor of Bush . Gore is the founder and current chair of the Alliance for Climate Protection , the co-founder and chair of Generation Investment Management and the now-defunct Current TV network , a member of the Board of Directors of Apple Inc. , and a senior adviser to Google . Gore is also a partner in the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers , heading its climate change solutions group . He has served as a visiting professor at Middle Tennessee State University , Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism , Fisk University , and the University of California , Los Angeles . He served on the Board of Directors of World Resources Institute . Gore has received a number of awards including the Nobel Peace Prize ( joint award with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2007 ) , a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album ( 2009 ) for his book An Inconvenient Truth , a Primetime Emmy Award for Current TV ( 2007 ) , and a Webby Award ( 2005 ) . Gore was also the subject of the Academy Award-winning ( 2007 ) documentary An Inconvenient Truth in 2006 . In 2007 , he was named a runner-up for Time 2007 Person of the Year .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "656532428ab2618478df98d5633606f7", "text": "Allan Alcorn Allan Alcorn ( born January 1 , 1948 in San Francisco ) is an American pioneering engineer and computer scientist . He grew up in San Francisco , California , and attended the University of California , Berkeley , graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences in 1971 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450175a5b06212b950573b3c87b7c084", "text": "Gary Neat Gary Francis Neat ( born 27 October 1948 ) is an Australian business leader and company director . He is a former journalist and senior political figure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab01eaea2955f2e600602fdd8032ec52", "text": "Comedy Central's Indecision 2000 Comedy Central 's Indecision 2000 was a series of special episodes featured on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart spoofing the 2000 Presidential Election . This series covered the primaries leading up to the general election between George W. Bush and Al Gore . The series featured `` correspondents '' at the Democratic National Convention as well as the Republican National Convention . At the conventions , the correspondents interviewed many politicians in the comedic style that has made The Daily Show famous . On the first episode after election night , Jon Stewart said that the name was a joke and he had not expected people to take it seriously , referring to the debacle in Florida . This edition of Indecision also included a separate series called Lewis Black 's World of Politics , aired during the Republican and Democratic national conventions and featuring Lewis Black . It was included on Black 's DVD releases Lewis Black - Unleashed in 2003 . In 2000 , Indecision 2000 won a Peabody Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba7415e4b170e3e25800b03bd594eb0d", "text": "First inauguration of Bill Clinton The first inauguration of Bill Clinton as the 42nd President of the United States was held on January 20 , 1993 on the West Front of the United States Capitol Building in Washington , D.C. . The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Bill Clinton as President and Al Gore as Vice President . At of age time of his first inauguration , Clinton was the third-youngest person to become president , and the first from the Baby Boomer generation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "334023e806946ea13029bda3fed2a3ae", "text": "The Selling of the President 1968 The Selling of the President 1968 is a non-fiction book written by American author Joe McGinniss and published by Trident Press in October , 1969 . The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign . It has been described as `` a classic of political journalism '' and a `` classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater . '' It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President . McGinniss became an overnight success when the book , his first , landed on The New York Times bestseller list . He was 26 years old , making him the youngest living writer with that achievement . The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970 . The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously : -LSB- He -RSB- stumbled across his book 's topic while taking a train to New York . A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that ` in six weeks we 'll have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln . ' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphrey 's campaign first , but they turned him down . So he called up Nixon 's , and they said yes . '' . The book was very well received by both critics and the public . It `` spent more than six months on best-sellers lists , and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television , appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin , David Frost and Dick Cavett , among others . '' Conservative writer William F. Buckley `` assumed McGinniss had relied on ` an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters . ' But even Buckley liked the book . '' In 1972 , the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23926556ef5ffa1249bf3605679f8f5", "text": "United States presidential election in Louisiana, 2000 The 2000 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 7 , 2000 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2000 United States presidential election . Voters chose 9 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Louisiana was won by Governor George W. Bush , a dramatic swing from the statewide results in 1996 when Democrat President Bill Clinton carried the state with 52 % of the vote and with a double digit margin of victory . Bush was the first Republican to carry the state since 1988 . Bush won most of the counties and congressional districts in the state . Bush dominated among the rural areas of the state . The only congressional district Gore won was the second district , which represents the very urban area of New Orleans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7d691c174d728789a65964921047db", "text": "Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party . This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes . A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c044dc7488d47c59c2e0fc9bb558b5ac", "text": "United States presidential election in New Mexico, 1996 The 1996 United States presidential election in New Mexico took place on November 5 , 1996 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1996 United States presidential election . New Mexico voters chose 5 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . New Mexico was won by incumbent United States President Bill Clinton of Arkansas , who was running against Kansas Senator Bob Dole . Clinton ran a second time with former Tennessee Senator Al Gore as Vice President , and Dole ran with former New York Congressman Jack Kemp . New Mexico weighed in for this election as 1 % more Republican than the national average .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efab0b3238a407405c443b4b8c671331", "text": "United States presidential election in North Carolina, 1968 The 1968 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 5 , 1968 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 1968 United States presidential election . Voters chose 13 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . The vote in North Carolina was split three ways , between Republican nominee Richard Nixon , Democratic nominee Hubert Humphrey , and American Independent Party nominee George Wallace . Nixon won the state , with 39.5 % of the vote , while Wallace 's 31.3 % pushed Humphrey into third on 29.2 % . Nixon won twelve of the state 's electoral votes , while one faithless elector that had been pledged to Nixon voted instead for Wallace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60f6e66a9147a315313e41b077285689", "text": "Dan Quayle James Danforth `` Dan '' Quayle ( born February 4 , 1947 ) is an American politician and lawyer . He was the 44th Vice President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 under President George H. W. Bush . He was also a U.S. Representative ( 1977 -- 81 ) and U.S. Senator ( 1981 -- 89 ) from the state of Indiana . A native of Indianapolis , Indiana , Quayle spent most of his childhood living in Paradise Valley , Arizona , a suburb of Phoenix . He married Marilyn Tucker in 1972 and obtained his J.D. from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in 1974 . He practiced law in Huntington , Indiana , with his wife before his election to the United States House of Representatives in 1976 , aged 29 . In 1980 Quayle won election to the Senate . In 1988 , Vice President George H. W. Bush , the Republican Party nominee for the presidency , chose Quayle as his vice presidential running mate . The Bush/Quayle ticket won the 1988 election over Democrats Michael Dukakis and Lloyd Bentsen . As vice president , Quayle made official visits to 47 countries and was appointed chairman of the National Space Council . He secured re-nomination for vice-president in 1992 , but Democrat Bill Clinton and his vice presidential running mate , Al Gore , defeated the Bush/Quayle ticket . In 1994 , Quayle published his memoir entitled Standing Firm but declined to run for public office in this time period because he was suffering from phlebitis . He sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2000 , but withdrew and supported George W. Bush . In 2016 , he endorsed Jeb Bush and after that he supported Donald Trump for president . Quayle and his wife reside in Paradise Valley , Arizona . Quayle is the chairman of global investments at Cerberus Capital Management .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd49880c234fcf951b2608fa203ae2af", "text": "The Green Promise The Green Promise is a 1948 American film directed by William D. Russell . The film was co-produced by Houston oilman Glenn McCarthy and leading man Robert Paige to display the concept and meaning of the 4-H Club and highlight farming issues such as soil erosion , government programs , and individual enterprise . The title refers to a scene where the local preacher gives a sermon on a story from the Book of Exodus of God 's `` green promise '' to lead Moses into a land of milk and honey . The preacher reminds his congregation that the fulfillment of the promise requires faith , difficult journeys and open-mindedness . It is currently in the public domain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c798ee8225f79ab7b53d30338c4c95ad", "text": "United States presidential election, 1992 The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election . It was held on Tuesday , November 3 , 1992 . There were three major candidates : Incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush , Democratic Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton , and independent Texas businessman Ross Perot . Bush had alienated much of his conservative base by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes . The economy was in recession and Bush 's perceived greatest strength , foreign policy , was regarded as much less important following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War . Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote , and a wide Electoral College margin . The election was a significant realigning election after three consecutive Republican landslides . Northeastern , Upper Midwest , and West Coast states which had previously been competitive began voting reliably Democratic . As of 2016 , this is the most recent election in which an incumbent president was unseated , the previous one having been the 1980 election in which Ronald Reagan unseated then-incumbent Jimmy Carter . Perot 's campaign took 18.9 % of the vote , finishing second in Maine and Utah . This was noted for being the highest vote share of a third-party candidate since 1912 , though he did not obtain any electoral votes . As of 2017 , this is the last time Georgia and Montana voted for the Democratic candidate , and the last time the state of Florida was on the losing end of the presidential election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fd1d2b95b7b72772787c5dfd13d7211", "text": "Janet De Gore Janet De Gore ( age , place of birth , and other personal information unknown ) is a former actress best known for her supporting roles on the ABC television series , The Law and Mr. Jones , in which she portrayed the legal secretary , Marsha Spear , to attorney Abraham Lincoln Jones , played by James Whitmore ( 1921 -- 2009 ) . A second costar , Conlan Carter ( born 1934 ) , portrayed the legal assistant , C.E. Carruthers . Carter later joined the cast of ABC 's Combat ! . Thereafter , De Gore played the young widow Louise Howard , the attractive romantic interest of Richard Crenna ( 1927 -- 2003 ) in his revised role as the recently widowed Luke McCoy on CBS ' The Real McCoys . The situation comedy starring Walter Brennan had premiered on ABC in 1957 but switched networks and nights from Thursday to Sunday opposite Bonanza on NBC for its final year . Kathleen Nolan , who played Crenna 's on-screen wife , Kate McCoy , left the series after five years ; it was announced that Nolan 's character had died . Butch Patrick , later of CBS 's The Munsters , played Greg Howard , Louise 's 9-year-old son , in the revised The McCoys . Most of De Gore 's acting occurred between 1952 and 1966 . Her early roles were in dramatic anthologies , including Hallmark Hall of Fame , the Philco Television Playhouse , and Kraft Television Theatre . In 1960-1961 , as she joined Four Star 's The Law and Mr. Jones cast , she also appeared in episodes of two Warner Brothers series , Will Hutchins ' western Sugarfoot and Efrem Zimbalist , Jr. 's detective series , 77 Sunset Strip , both on ABC . In 1964 , she appeared as a flight attendant in the episode `` Second Chance '' of the ABC science fiction series The Outer Limits . In 1965 , she appeared on Chuck Connors ' short-lived NBC western Branded . In 1966 , her last year of television credits , De Gore appeared on The Farmer 's Daughter ( ABC ) with Inger Stevens , Perry Mason ( CBS ) with Raymond Burr , and NBC 's powerhouse western Bonanza , which had destroyed The McCoys in the 1962-1963 ratings . Her Bonanza role on the episode entitled `` Tommy '' was that of Allie Miller . She is believed to reside in the Greater Los Angeles Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22e88287686edf3a9e26cfe78d757c21", "text": "United States presidential election in Arizona, 2000 The 2000 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 7 , 2000 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2000 United States presidential election . Voters chose 8 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Arizona was won by Governor George W. Bush by a 6.3 % margin of victory . Ralph Nader received 3 % , as all of the other candidates received a combined 1 % . Pre-election polling showed that Bush had a solid lead of Gore . Bush won all the congressional districts , except Arizona 's 2nd congressional district . The key for Bush 's victory was Maricopa County , which has by far the highest population in the state . Bush made history by winning Greenlee County . This thinly populated working class county , which has been dependent on copper mining as the basis for its economy , had voted Democratic in every election since Arizona achieved statehood from 1912 to 1996 , and now is a Republican stronghold in the 21st century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7714cfce008f837b00f0e4d17c9b42d2", "text": "James C. Kennedy James Cox Kennedy ( born 1948 ) is an American media executive and the current chair of Cox Enterprises , the media conglomerate founded by his grandfather , James M. Cox . According to the Forbes 400 list in 2008 , he is the 49th richest person in the United States , through his $ 6.5 billion stake in the company . He was featured in a Forbes article entitled `` This Billionaire Knows The Secret To Saving A Family Business '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ab80231dad6602ea3fa0a85da046849", "text": "Al Smith Alfred Emanuel `` Al '' Smith ( December 30 , 1873 -- October 4 , 1944 ) was an American statesman who was elected Governor of New York four times and was the Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928 . Smith was the foremost urban leader of the Efficiency Movement in the United States and was noted for achieving a wide range of reforms as governor in the 1920s . The son of an Irish-American mother and a Civil War veteran father , he was raised in the Lower East Side of Manhattan near the Brooklyn Bridge , where resided for his entire life . Like many other New York politicians of his era , he was also linked to the notorious Tammany Hall political machine that controlled New York City 's politics , although he remained personally untarnished by corruption . Smith was a strong opponent of Prohibition , which he did not think could be enforced , and viewed it as an over-extension of the government 's constitutional power . He was also the first Catholic nominee for President . His candidacy mobilized Catholic votes , especially from women , who had only recently received federal suffrage . It also brought out the anti-Catholic vote , which was especially strong among white conservative Democrats in the South , although Smith was still successful within the states of the traditional Deep South . As a committed `` wet , '' or anti-Prohibition , candidate , Smith attracted not only drinkers but also voters angered by the corruption and lawlessness that developed alongside prohibition . Many Protestants feared his candidacy , including German Lutherans and Southern Baptists , believing that the Catholic Church and the Pope would dictate his policies . Most importantly , this was a time of national prosperity under a Republican White House . Smith lost in a landslide to Republican Herbert Hoover , who gained electoral support from six southern states . Four years later Smith sought the 1932 nomination but was defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt , his former ally and successor as Governor of New York . Smith entered business in New York City and became an increasingly vocal opponent of Roosevelt 's New Deal , believing that its true agenda was to make the American people less `` self-reliant and independent . '' He ultimately went on to support Republican nominees Alf Landon in the 1936 presidential election and Wendell Willkie in the 1940 presidential election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eed46ea14171c465fab86cab3d2a67d", "text": "Al Duerr Alfred Herman `` Al '' Duerr ( born January 29 , 1951 ) is a Canadian former politician who served as the 34th Mayor of Calgary , Alberta from 1989 to 2001 , and a city alderman from 1983 to 1989 . He is the Chief Executive Officer of Emergo Projects International , and serves on the board of directors for two other companies in Calgary . He is a member of the Community and Partners Advisory Committee of the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta . Duerr attended the University of Saskatchewan and graduated with a degree in Urban Geography and Regional Urban Development and holds a Masters of Business Administration degree from Haskayne School of the University of Calgary . He served two terms as an Alderman in Calgary before being elected mayor in 1989 . Duerr served for four terms as Calgary 's mayor , leaving office in 2001 , and was one of the most popular mayors in the city 's history . His conciliatory , managerial style and likeable personality made him well respected . Duerr is married to Kit Chan , and has two children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62447dc25a7adbab835c15ffa277138b", "text": "Abdelmalek Sellal Abdelmalek Sellal ( عبد الملك سلال ` Abd al-Malik Sallāl ; born 1 August 1948 ) is an Algerian politician who was Prime Minister of Algeria from 3 September 2012 to 13 March 2014 and again from April 2014 to May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3f0e7b8a043a182a00d8589979e4cfb", "text": "Dayo Gore Dayo Gore ( Dayo F. Gore ) is an African-American feminist scholar , former fellow of Harvard 's Warren Center for North American History , formerly employed as Assistant Professor of History and of Women 's Studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst , Gore is currently Associate Professor in the Department of Ethnic Studies at University of California , San Diego . Gore is one of a new generation of young scholars active in preserving and exploring the infrequently chronicled history of 20th-century black women 's radicalism , in the US and beyond . Along with Jeanne Theoharis and Komozi Woodard , Gore edited a collection of essays Want to Start A Revolution ? Radical Women In The Black Freedom Struggle ( NYU Press , 2009 ) , to which she contributed the chapter `` From Communist Politics to Black Power : The Visionary Politics and Transnational Solidarities of Victoria Ama Garvin '' . Ernesto Aguilar in Political Media Review summed up the importance of Want to Start A Revolution ? and similar work in forging connections between radical and progressive scholars and activism : Feminist Review found the anthology also illuminating about the history of intersectionality as more than merely an academic method of analysis but as the theoretical and existential core of a radical praxis : Gore 's book Radicalism at the Crossroads : African American Women Activists in the Cold War , was published by NYU Press in 2011 . It expands the author 's project to recuperate the voices and histories of radical black women in the US in the early Cold War era , and their militancy which produced the pre-history of the better-remembered civil rights and feminist/women 's movements . Vicki Garvin is again highlighted alongside other unjustly forgotten women such as Thelma Dale , Beah Richards , and the communist leader Claudia Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdc7373056d1f939fca901d9c05e9d5e", "text": "Winthrop Paul Rockefeller Winthrop Paul `` Win '' Rockefeller ( September 17 , 1948 -- July 16 , 2006 ) was a Republican politician who served as the 13th Lieutenant Governor of the US state of Arkansas from 1996 until his death in 2006 . He was also a member of the Rockefeller family .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0f1ef30ea473f24370ef3ced2a7ee491	Overwatch is acclaimed.	[ { "docid": "8c315ca88aee004acf8909bc798e6339", "text": "Overwatch (video game) Overwatch is a team-based online multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment . It was released in May 2016 for Windows , PlayStation 4 , and Xbox One . Overwatch assigns players into two teams of six , with each player selecting one of 24 pre-defined characters , called heroes , each with unique movement , attributes , and abilities , whose roles are divided into four categories : Offense , Defense , Tank , and Support . Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time . Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay , such as character skins and victory poses , as they play the game . The game was initially launched with casual play , with a competitive ranked mode , various ` arcade ' game modes , and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release . Additionally , Blizzard has developed and added new characters , maps , and game modes post-release , while stating that all Overwatch updates will remain free , with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards . Overwatch is Blizzard 's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game Titan . A portion of the Titan team came up with the concept of Overwatch , based on the success of team-based first-person shooters like Team Fortress 2 and the growing popularity of multiplayer online battle arenas , creating a hero-based shooter that emphasized teamwork . Some elements of Overwatch borrow assets and concepts from the canceled Titan project . After establishing the narrative of an optimistic near-future Earth setting after a global crisis , the developers aimed to create a diverse cast of heroes that spanned genders and ethnicities as part of this setting . Significant time was spent adjusting the balance of the characters , making sure that new players would still be able to have fun while skilled players would present each other with a challenge . Overwatch was unveiled at BlizzCon 2014 in a fully playable state and was in a closed beta from late 2015 through early 2016 . An open beta in May 2016 drew in more than 9.7 million players . The release of the game was promoted with short animated videos to introduce the game 's narrative and each of the characters . Upon official release , Overwatch received universal acclaim from critics , who praised the game for its accessibility , diverse appeal of its hero characters , bright cartoonish art style , and enjoyable gameplay . Considered one of the best games released in 2016 , the game received numerous accolades , including being awarded Game of the Year at The Game Awards , D.I.C.E. Awards , and Game Developers Choice Awards , as well as from numerous publications . Since its release , Overwatch has become recognized as an eSport , where in addition to sponsoring tournaments , Blizzard has announced plans to help support professional league play starting in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d1734984b38b86289cfc6e30f44edadb", "text": "King of Glory King of Glory is a multiplayer online battle arena published by Tencent Games . The game received a beta release for iOS and Android platforms on November 26 , 2015 . In addition to a PVE adventure mode , the game features PVP multiplayer battles . The game features many similarities to League of Legends which is produced by Riot Games , a company owned by Tencent . In November 2016 , King of Glory topped the 2016 China pan entertainment festival `` China IP index value list - game list top10 '' . The game requires either a Tencent QQ account or a WeChat account . However the servers are n't completely in sync , that is , if using same account type on different platform , multiplayer with your WeChat friend is possible however many of games function is disabled ( daily gifting , profile viewing and clan inviting ) . Different account type can not access the other 's matchmaking queue , even on the same platform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b97ea2d2e46a1714fa41f08975d97ba", "text": "Go ranks and ratings Skill in the traditional board game Go is measured by a number of different national , regional and online ranking and rating systems . Traditionally , go rankings have been measured using a system of dan and kyu ranks . Especially in amateur play , these ranks facilitate the handicapping system , with a difference of one rank roughly corresponding to one free move at the beginning of the game . This system is also commonly used in many oriental martial arts , where it often corresponds with a belt color . With the ready availability of calculators and computers , rating systems have been introduced . In such systems , a rating is rigorously calculated on the basis of game results .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2462242ea5488b020086fee68ff2bccf", "text": "Professional Warcraft III competition The expansion to the computer game Warcraft III : Reign of Chaos , known as The Frozen Throne , had an active professional competition scene , particularly in China , Germany , and South Korea . The game was featured at eSports festivals including the World Cyber Games , the Electronic Sports World Cup , the World e-Sports Games , the World Series of Video Games and the International E-Sports Festival . Outside of the professional circuit , the game had many active competitive circuits , with users at Battle.net ranging between the 70,000 and 100,000 at any given moment . In China , in which Warcraft III was extremely popular due to it being easily available through piracy , fans and users often used an alternative client due to the country 's poor internet connections to the outside world . Around 3,000,000 copies of the game were sold in the country . 500,000 Chinese competed in the Chinese qualifiers for the 2006 World Cyber Games . The amount of prize money through the years has been significant with top players winning hundreds of thousands of dollars . As usual in competitive gaming , income for Warcraft 3 professional players flowed from various sources like team salaries from pro-gaming teams and sponsorships usually computer technology related . A famous example was Danish gaming organization known as Meet Your Makers which boasted of paying their players 300,000 on an annual basis . Similar to older games with huge competitive scenes like Starcraft : Brood War and Counter-Strike 1.6 , the popularity of Warcraft 3 steadily declined and towards the end of the previous decade almost all tournaments and players were Chinese . After 2010 , with Starcraft 2 , League of Legends , and Dota 2 being released and becoming popular , Warcraft 3 gave up its position as one of the prime eSports titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a2079b0b44e245effbe1b6f948c6ba", "text": "Machinima Machinima ( -LSB- məˈʃiːnᵻmə -RSB- or -LSB- məˈʃɪnᵻmə -RSB- ) is the use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production . Most often video games are used to generate the computer animation . Machinima-based artists , sometimes called machinimists or machinimators , are often fan laborers , by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials ( see below ) . Machinima offers to provide an archive of gaming performance and access to the look and feel of software and hardware that may already have become unavailable or even obsolete ; for game studies , `` Machinima 's gestures grant access to gaming 's historical conditions of possibility and how machinima offers links to a comparative horizon that informs , changes , and fully participates in videogame culture . '' The practice of using graphics engines from video games arose from the animated software introductions of the 1980s demoscene , Disney Interactive Studios ' 1992 video game Stunt Island , and 1990s recordings of gameplay in first-person shooter ( FPS ) video games , such as id Software 's Doom and Quake . Originally , these recordings documented speedruns -- attempts to complete a level as quickly as possible -- and multiplayer matches . The addition of storylines to these films created `` Quake movies '' . The more general term machinima , a portmanteau of machine cinema , arose when the concept spread beyond the Quake series to other games and software . After this generalization , machinima appeared in mainstream media , including television series and advertisements . Machinima has advantages and disadvantages when compared to other styles of filmmaking . Its relative simplicity over traditional frame-based animation limits control and range of expression . Its real-time nature favors speed , cost saving , and flexibility over the higher quality of pre-rendered computer animation . Virtual acting is less expensive , dangerous , and physically restricted than live action . Machinima can be filmed by relying on in-game artificial intelligence ( AI ) or by controlling characters and cameras through digital puppetry . Scenes can be precisely scripted , and can be manipulated during post-production using video editing techniques . Editing , custom software , and creative cinematography may address technical limitations . Game companies have provided software for and have encouraged machinima , but the widespread use of digital assets from copyrighted games has resulted in complex , unresolved legal issues . Machinima productions can remain close to their gaming roots and feature stunts or other portrayals of gameplay . Popular genres include dance videos , comedy , and drama . Alternatively , some filmmakers attempt to stretch the boundaries of the rendering engines or to mask the original 3-D context . The Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences ( AMAS ) , a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting machinima , recognizes exemplary productions through Mackie awards given at its annual Machinima Film Festival . Some general film festivals accept machinima , and game companies , such as Epic Games , Blizzard Entertainment and Jagex , have sponsored contests involving it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fe4e1f6a3ab15b08ee670ddaffa6dd3", "text": "Ultimate Soccer Manager Ultimate Soccer Manager or USM is a association football management video game serie for MS-DOS , Commodore Amiga and Windows 95 , produced by Impressions and distributed by Sierra from 1995 to 1999 . The game was a massive hit in Europe ( except in Germany , where it was worse received due to some similarities with managers produced by local software houses such as Software 2000 and Ascaron ) , although it gained little support in Japan . The series was noted for its micromanagement , where the player had to do the job of the team manager and much of that of the chairman , from player training up to bank balance management . Other well-known features were to bung an opposing team for preferential market treatment , rig or betting on the outcome of the players ' team matches . Interviews after the match where some answers were printed with different interpretations on the next days ' newspaper ( the player could reply a question about the game with `` It was a game of two halves '' , and `` He amazed us after the game by giving us an insight into the rules of football '' would be printed on the newspapers ) . In all three games , the game always kept the same visual style : the main screen is a bird 's eye view of the stadium facility ( where clicking on the grass brings the squad selection screen or in the stands for the stadium builder ) and all screens are presented like the player was inside an office ( TCM 2004 used a similar interface option ) . To increase the feeling of `` being there '' , tables are accessed via teletext , news from a newspaper and fixtures are available by clicking on a sheet attached on a clipboard . While improving with each game , most features were the same from the start of the series . The game compared favourably in all areas but AI against its leading competitor , Championship Manager . While similar in name , it has no relations with Ultimate Soccer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73601bb08f961c6ecc8e14b7d88e706c", "text": "Small Worlds (presentation) Small Worlds was the title of a presentation given by Raph Koster at the Game Developers Conference in 2003 , which was instrumental in defining and justifying many of the conventions used in MMORPG games . Some of the conclusions reached by the presentation were : When a new player joins a game , it is important that they should be able to make a large number of weaker acquaintances rather than strong friendships . The reason for this is that strong friendships tend to create social clusters ( if you have strong friendships with two people , there 's a good chance they both know each other too ) , limiting the range of social experience that can be had among those people ; weaker acquaintances tend to connect clusters together and offer a wider range of experiences . ( Koster backed this up with a study showing that in the real world , most people who find a job through a friend find it through a weaker acquaintance . ) Competition ladders should not be displayed publicly , since this would enable a competitor to offer incentives to the high-ranked players to join their game . Since they are likely to be the centre of social clusters , this will significantly damage the social networks on the original game . Online skill-based games will never achieve significant interest , as a result of the Pareto principle . The few people in the top 20 % of skill will dominate everyone else , tilting the results of matches . If players are able to team up , then people will gravitate towards the teams that contain the most of those top 20 % of players , thus making these teams larger and giving them an even bigger game advantage . Grinds are an essential part of game design because they offer fair access to game power to all players . Although the Pareto principle will still apply , any player can have the capacity to reach the 20 % of players who have spent most time on the game , which they could not do for ( for instance ) the 20 % of players with fastest reactions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b11d088c469864347536edd75f42f30d", "text": "World of Tanks World of Tanks is a massively multiplayer online game developed by the Belarusian-Cypriot company Wargaming , featuring early to mid-20th century era combat vehicles . It is built upon a freemium business model where the game is free-to-play , but participants also have the option of paying a fee for use of `` premium '' features . The focus is on player vs. player gameplay with each player controlling an armored vehicle , which may be a light , medium or heavy tank , tank destroyer , or self-propelled gun . World of Tanks debuted as an eSports game at the World Cyber Games 2012 . World of Tanks has been ported to multiple gaming consoles . An Xbox 360 version was developed by Wargaming West studio , called World of Tanks : Xbox 360 Edition . Xbox 360 players use separate servers to those playing the Windows version , and players of each version have separate accounts . The PlayStation 4 version was released in 2016 . World of Tanks has also recently expanded to mobile platforms under the name World of Tanks Blitz , in addition to a board game titled World of Tanks Rush and a collectable card game titled World of Tanks : Generals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b09bb4a18aec2ce6e0339475cc07821", "text": "Riot Games Riot Games is an American video game developer , publisher , and eSports tournament organizer established in 2006 . Their main office is based in West Los Angeles , California . They currently have additional offices located in Berlin , Dublin , Hong Kong , Istanbul , Mexico City , Moscow , New York City , St. Louis , Santiago , São Paulo , Seoul , Shanghai , Singapore , Sydney , Taipei , and Tokyo . The company is primarily known for League of Legends , which was released in North America and Europe on October 27 , 2009 . The company developed a free mobile game called Blitzcrank 's Poro Roundup , which was released on iOS , and Android in August 2015 . Riot is also involved in League of Legendss competitive eSports scene by organizing the League of Legends World Championship and Championship Series for Europe and North America and well as coordinating the filming and broadcasting of those events . They also sanction leagues organized by third parties in other regions across the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b72a4e75a721be6c7b825b54063ca263", "text": "Word Freak (book) Word Freak is a non-fiction narrative by Stefan Fatsis published in 2001 ( ISBN 0-618-01584-1 ) . The book is subtitled Heartbreak , Triumph , Genius , and Obsession in the World of Competitive SCRABBLE Players . Fatsis , a sports reporter for The Wall Street Journal , introduces the reader to the world of competitive Scrabble through a narrative of his slow transformation from `` a good living room player '' into a player ranked as expert by the National Scrabble Association . Fatsis 's humorous approach and descriptions of fellow competitive Scrabble players are interspersed with game strategies as the reader follows his ascent through the ranks of tournament players . The book also covers the history of the game , how tournaments are run , and the background politics of the Scrabble scene . Word Freak is a New York Times Bestseller and New York Times Notable Book . A 10th anniversary paperback edition of Word Freak came out in August 2011 . The new edition ( 18th printing ) includes a new 30-page afterword about what 's happened to the game in the last decade : where-are-they-now on the main characters , here-they-are-now on the new generation of players , corporate politics , dictionary changes , and much more . The new edition has the same ISBN number as the original , but is distinguished by a `` 10th Anniversary Edition '' logo on the lower right of the front cover . The documentary film Word Wars ( 2004 ) , while not directly related to the book , includes many of the same players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8066d6a7664ce9a1516239e88cb970d5", "text": "StarCraft: Remastered StarCraft : Remastered is a 2017 remastered edition of the 1998 real-time strategy video game StarCraft and its expansion Brood War . It retains the gameplay of the original games but adds remastered ultra-high-definition graphics , re-recorded audio , and Blizzard 's modern online feature suite . The remaster was developed over a year and included playtesting from professional StarCraft players . It is planned for release in second quarter , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651849f103a73b62b8ce5c1b1dfffe87", "text": "Red Annihilation Red Annihilation was a Quake competitive eSport event held in May 1997 that was one of the first nationwide video game competition held in the United States . In the final match of the tournament , Dennis `` Thresh '' Fong defeated Tom `` Entropy '' Kimzey of Impulse 9 on the map Castle of the Damned . For winning the event , Fong was awarded John D. Carmack 's 1987 Ferrari 328 GTS cabriolet as the grand prize . The tournament was created first as Kings of Capture Quake Tournament started by Michael `` Hawthorne '' Shearon , after contacting Intergraph for possible sponsorship the tournament was folded into what became Red Annihilation . The tournament was then developed and organized by Rob Esterling , executive director overseeing Intergraph Computer Systems 's commercial and consumer graphics group , and his Intergraph team including Jim Terzian , the tournament 's director and Victor Johnson , the team 's Art Director . In 1996 , Microsoft 's DirectX group hosted game competitions , first at the Computer Game Developers Conference , then as a separate event , selecting the players and flying them in to compete . These Microsoft-hosted competitions might be seen as the first nationwide video game competitions held in the United States , as players came from throughout the country . When a further Microsoft DirectX-organized event , intended to be held at Naval Air Station Alameda , was cancelled , Intergraph announced it would host a tournament that would be an open , national computer game competition and chose Quake as the game to be played . Intergraph brought in Quake developer id Software , 3D computer graphics chipset maker Rendition , and online gaming company Mpath Interactive as partners in Red Annihilation . Will Bryant and Frank Cabanski of the Quake ClanRing were selected to operate the game competition because of their prior pioneering experience running large scale gaming tournaments . The initial phase of the tournament was held on Mpath 's MPlayer network with over 2000 participants from across the United States competing online in one-on-one matches . The top 16 players were flown to Atlanta , Georgia for the concluding phase of the tournament , where they competed inside the World Congress Center in a gaming arena Intergraph built on the floor of the Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) . This phase of the competition used vQuake , the hardware accelerated version of the game , played on Intergraph PC computers equipped with Rendition V1000-based Intense3D graphics accelerators . Players were able to use their own keyboards , mice and other pointing devices if they wished . As E3 was at the time an industry exhibition open to the trade only , most spectators watched the final competitions online via in-game cameras orchestrated by Bryant and Cabanski . The final morning of the tournament was also covered from the show floor by NBC 's Today and The Wall Street Journal . It was discovered during the award ceremony that tournament winner Fong , a student at De Anza College , would not be able to drive his prize as he was not insured for such a vehicle . Carmack agreed to underwrite Fong 's insurance for a year so the latter could enjoy his new car .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f6c24ae89f2bcb82390b9b67e1ad503", "text": "List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years . In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1eb734bd5d2b1a2600ee60cbf8a45545", "text": "Myth: The Fallen Lords Myth : The Fallen Lords is a 1997 real-time tactics video game developed by Bungie for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS . Released in November 1997 in North America and in February 1998 in Europe , the game was published by Bungie in North America and by Eidos Interactive in Europe . At the time , Bungie was known primarily as developers of Mac games , and The Fallen Lords was the first game they had developed and released simultaneously for both PC and Mac . It is the first game in the Myth series , which also includes a sequel , Myth II : Soulblighter , set sixty years after the events of the first game , and also developed by Bungie , and a prequel , Myth III : The Wolf Age , set one thousand years prior to the events depicted in The Fallen Lords , and developed by MumboJumbo . The game tells the story of the battle between the forces of the `` Light '' and those of the `` Dark '' for control of an unnamed mythical land . The Dark are led by Balor and a group of lieutenants ( the titular Fallen Lords ) , whilst the Light are led by `` The Nine '' ; powerful sorcerers known as `` Avatara , '' chief amongst whom is Alric . The game begins in the seventeenth year of the war in the West , some fifty years since the rise of Balor , with the forces of Light on the brink of defeat ; almost the entire land is under the dominion of the Dark , with only one major city and a few smaller towns remaining under the control of the Light . The plot follows the activities of `` The Legion '' , an elite unit in the army of the Light , as they attempt to turn back the tide and defeat Balor . The Fallen Lords received positive reviews from critics , and is credited as a defining title in the fledging real-time tactics genre . Reviewers praised its plot , graphics , gameplay , level design , online multiplayer mode , and differentiation from traditional real-time strategy games . The most often criticized aspects were the difficulty of the single-player campaign , which many reviewers felt was far too high , even on the lowest setting , and some awkwardness in controlling units . The game went on to win multiple awards , including `` Strategy Game of the Year '' from both PC Gamer and Computer Gaming World , and `` Game of the Year '' from both Computer Games Strategy Plus and Macworld . It was also a commercial success , selling over 350,000 units worldwide across both systems , earning back roughly seven times its budget . At the time , it was Bungie 's most successful game , and served to bring them to the attention of PC gamers and , more specifically , Microsoft , who would purchase the company in 2000 . The Myth series as a whole , and Soulblighter in particular , supported an active online community for over a decade after the official servers went offline . The first formally organized group of volunteer-programmers was MythDevelopers , who were given access to the game 's source code by Bungie . The most recently active Myth development group is Project Magma , an offshoot of MythDevelopers . These groups have worked to provide ongoing technical support for the games , update them to newer operating systems , fix bugs , release unofficial patches , create mods , and maintain online servers for multiplayer gaming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55fbafec685f5678c16daae264c54671", "text": "Skin gambling In video games , skin gambling is the use of virtual goods , which are most commonly cosmetic elements such as `` skins '' which have no direct influence on gameplay , as virtual currency to bet on the outcome of professional matches or on other games of chance . It primarily has occurred within the player community for the game Counter-Strike : Global Offensive by Valve Corporation , but practice of it exists in other game communities . Valve also runs the Steam marketplace which can be interfaced by third-parties to enable trading , buying , and selling of skins from players ' Steam inventories for real-world or digital currency , though Valve itself condones the gambling practices . Valve added random skin rewards as part of an update to Counter-Strike : Global Offensive in 2013 , believing that players would use these to trade with other players and bolster both the player community and its Steam marketplace . A number of websites were created to bypass monetary restrictions Valve set on the Steam marketplace to aid in high-value trading and allowing users to receive cash value for skins . Some of these sites subsequently added the ability to gamble on the results of professional matches or in games of chance with these skins , which in 2016 was estimated to handle around $ 5 billion of the virtual goods . These sites , along with Valve and various video game streamers , have come under scrutiny due to ethical and legal questions relating to gambling on sporting matches , underage gambling , undisclosed promotion , and outcome rigging . Evidence of such unethical practices was discovered in June 2016 , and led to two formal lawsuits filed against these sites and Valve in the following month . Valve subsequently has taken steps to stop such sites from using Steam 's interface for enabling gambling , leading to about half of these sites to close down , while driving more of the skin gambling into an underground economy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f197a5e1830a42fa4ce7422e42ebdd5", "text": "Multiplayer online game A multiplayer online game is a multiplayer video game which can be played via a game server over the internet , with other players around the world . Some prominent examples of this include fighting games ( e.g. Street Fighter IV and Tekken 6 ) , sports games ( e.g. NHL 14 and Grid Autosport ) , older online games ( e.g. Sega Meganet titles ) , first-person shooters ( Battlefield 2 , BZFlag , Call of Duty , Counter-Strike , Quake 3 , Resistance 3 and Unreal Tournament ) , a subgenre of shooter games called hero shooter ( Battleborn , Overwatch and Paladins ) , strategy video games ( e.g. Warcraft 3 and StarCraft or II ) and a subgenre of strategy games called multiplayer online battle arena ( e.g. Defense of the Ancients , League of Legends , Dota 2 and Heroes of the Storm ) . These games differ from massively multiplayer online game ( MMO ) in that they do not create a persistent world , but create a playing arena for the purpose of a single game or round . In other words , they rely on a game listen server used only for that round , and there can be numerous servers all around the world . MMO games on the other hand , rely on dedicated servers , as these games must be running continuously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d473ea463ccef52a97cdc8a452e0a1", "text": "Last Empire-War Z '' `` Last Empire - War Z '' '' is one of the most popular freemium Massively Multiplayer Online strategy game that developed and published by IM30 Studios.It was launched in August 2015 and then it spread all over the world , it became popular among players with a shocking speed , now it has over 80 million downloads and it is available in over 220 countries . It is the Google play `` Best of Game 2016 '' . This is not the first time Google official reward it . '' `` Last Empire - War Z '' '' has been recommended to global twice and to districts for several times . It always takes a high rank in App download list in most countries and it is one of the best strategies games that beloved by players . High rates and good comments mean it attracting more and more worldwide players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80c21efa7346b0b25f963c8e2e372213", "text": "Ogre Battle , sometimes referred to as , is a series of five tactical role-playing and real-time strategy video games developed by Quest Corporation and currently owned by Square Enix . There are five original games in the series , and one remake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b14b2920e4401c45831c189eb90b67a9", "text": "Daily fantasy sports Daily fantasy sports ( DFS ) are a subset of fantasy sport games . As with traditional fantasy sports games , players compete against others by building a team of professional athletes from a particular league or competition while remaining under a salary cap , and earn points based on the actual statistical performance of the players in real-world competitions . Daily fantasy sports are an accelerated variant of traditional fantasy sports that are conducted over short-term periods , such as a week or single day of competition , as opposed to those that are played across an entire season . Daily fantasy sports are typically structured in the form of paid competitions typically referred to as a `` contest '' ; winners receive a share of a pre-determined pot funded by their entry fees . A portion of entry fee payments go to the provider as rake revenue . In the United States , the daily fantasy sports industry is dominated by two competing services : the New York-based FanDuel , and the Boston-based DraftKings . Both companies were established as venture capital-backed startup companies , received funding from investment firms , sports broadcasters , leagues , and team owners , and became known for the aggressive marketing of their services . As of September 2015 , both companies have an estimated value of at least $ 1 billion , and control 95 % of the U.S. DFS market . The two primarily compete against smaller DFS services , such as Fantasy Aces and Yahoo! Sports . The popularity of the daily fantasy format has been credited to its convenience in comparison to season-length games , as well as the focus on major cash prizes in the promotion of these services . Daily fantasy has also been credited with helping to improve television viewership and engagement with sports . Daily fantasy sports have faced notable legal challenges , including disputes over whether DFS constitutes gambling . Politicians and other critics have argued that due to their format , players are essentially making proposition wagers on the varying performance of individual athletes in specific games , and not managing the performance of their selections on a week-to-week basis . Proponents have defended DFS as being a game of skill , as the required familiarity with the players and teams , as well as salary cap management , rewards skilled players . Local laws have varying definitions of gambling games , such as whether a game 's elements of chance are predominant over those or skill , or how much control the player has over the outcome of the game . In the United States , the legality of DFS has been determined on a state-by-state basis based on local gambling laws and other rulings . The federal Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act ( UIEGA ) contains language dictating that fantasy sports are not considered an unlawful wager under the act ; however , the act only prohibits the electronic transfer of funds from unlawful gambling as defined under state laws . A number of state attorneys general have issued opinions concluding that DFS is a form of illegal gambling , while the state of Nevada declared that DFS games must be licensed as a sports pool . The New York State ruling , which resulted from an investigation of DFS services after it was alleged that employees working for DraftKings and FanDuel had used inside information to win cash prizes from each other , spawned retaliatory lawsuits from the companies which alleged that the rulings were the result of a misinterpretation of the nature of their services . The state has since joined other states , such as Massachusetts and Virginia , in choosing to legalize and regulate DFS rather than prohibit it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2442919c15283120b7770493d2b082a4", "text": "List of Game of the Year awards Game of the Year ( abbreviated GotY ) is a title awarded by various gaming publications to a deserving game . Many publications award a single `` Game of the Year '' to a single title that they feel represents the pinnacle of gaming achievement that year . Many games will release a `` Game of the Year '' edition after winning any of these awards , usually containing all the updates , downloadable content ( DLC ) and occasionally other extras such as a soundtrack .", "title": "" } ]	fever
84f77a3c5b3dc00a8e35dca6b83a3f7a	Lisa Kudrow was in movies.	[ { "docid": "708c80e9846a89d0b45808d42e868443", "text": "Lisa Kudrow Lisa Valerie Kudrow ( -LSB- ` kuːdroʊ -RSB- born July 30 , 1963 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer and producer . She gained worldwide recognition for her ten-season run as Phoebe Buffay and Ursula Buffay on the television sitcom Friends , for which she received many accolades , including six Emmy Award nominations , winning once in 1998 , and twelve Screen Actors Guild Award nominations , winning twice in 1996 and 2000 . She went on to produce , write and star in the 2005 HBO series The Comeback , which was revived nine years later and began airing its second season in November 2014 . She received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for both seasons , in 2006 and 2015 respectively . She also starred in Web Therapy , which aired for four seasons on Showtime . As a producer of the series , she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class -- Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program for the show in 2012 . She is also one of the executive producers of the TLC reality program Who Do You Think You Are and was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Program for the series in 2012 and 2014 . Away from television , Kudrow has also appeared in many films , including Romy and Michele 's High School Reunion ( 1997 ) , The Opposite of Sex ( 1998 ) , Analyze This ( 1999 ) and its sequel Analyze That ( 2002 ) , Dr. Dolittle 2 ( 2001 ) , Wonderland ( 2003 ) , Happy Endings ( 2005 ) , P.S. I Love You ( 2007 ) , Bandslam ( 2008 ) , Hotel for Dogs ( 2009 ) , Easy A ( 2010 ) , Neighbors ( 2014 ) , its sequel Neighbors 2 : Sorority Rising ( 2016 ) and The Girl on the Train ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "19f3137ae61a64d9cd6576b81a555618", "text": "Full Frontal (film) Full Frontal is a 2002 film by Steven Soderbergh about a day in the life of a handful of characters in Hollywood . It stars Catherine Keener , Blair Underwood , David Duchovny , Julia Roberts , Mary McCormack , Brad Pitt , and David Hyde Pierce . The film was shot on digital video using the Canon XL-1s in under a month . The film blurs the line between what is real and what is fiction in its depiction of a film within a film ( and possibly within another ) . It is in the loose structural style and narrative ambiguity of the French New Wave , and it received critical notice for this style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33b5253b273790f5cf9b0421c406a31a", "text": "A.C.O.D. A.C.O.D. is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Stu Zicherman , based on a script by Zicherman and Ben Karlin , and starring Adam Scott , Amy Poehler , Jessica Alba and Jane Lynch . The name of the film is an abbreviation for Adult Children of Divorce . Teddy Schwarzman produced the film through his Black Bear Pictures production company . Other stars include Richard Jenkins , Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Catherine O'Hara , with Ken Howard and Clark Duke in supporting roles . The film was released in the U.S. on October 4 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76cb3ae74bd8fec94154c78c8b82bfe2", "text": "Harriet the Spy (film) Harriet the Spy is a 1996 American family comedy film based on the 1964 novel of the same name by Louise Fitzhugh . The film stars Michelle Trachtenberg in her film debut , and is the directorial debut of Bronwen Hughes . Produced by Paramount Pictures , Nickelodeon Movies and Rastar , it was the first film produced under the Nickelodeon Movies banner and the first of two film adaptations of the Harriet the Spy books . In theaters , the remade pilot episode of Hey Arnold ! was shown before the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "becb852a9a1d129df458f58244030ab3", "text": "Love Liza Love Liza is a 2002 American comedy-drama film directed by Todd Louiso and starring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Kathy Bates , Jack Kehler , Wayne Duvall , Sarah Koskoff and Stephen Tobolowsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "451f05a3826b71f6322e8fdf90556a70", "text": "Another Happy Day Another Happy Day is a 2011 American black comedy-drama film written and directed by Sam Levinson . The film stars an ensemble cast including Ellen Barkin , Kate Bosworth , Ellen Burstyn , Thomas Haden Church , George Kennedy , Ezra Miller , Demi Moore , Siobhan Fallon Hogan , Michael Nardelli , Jeffrey DeMunn , and Diana Scarwid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eec3b68babf0a2181cb8a19f587f82e6", "text": "Jack the Dog Jack the Dog is a 2001 American comedy-drama film , written and directed by Bobby Roth and starring Nestor Carbonell , Barbara Williams , Barry Newman , and Anthony LaPaglia . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , 2001 , and was released on DVD in the United States by Rivercoast Films on August 12 , 2008 . A sequel , Manhood , was released in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03d859ab49ed46c0dbe069c9b446c0f4", "text": "Lisanne Falk Lisanne Falk ( born c. 1965 ) is an American actress and film producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8ebca8db3a406b00738dadd757f7f69", "text": "Across the Universe (film) Across the Universe is a 2007 British-American jukebox musical romantic drama film directed by Julie Taymor , centered on songs by the English rock band the Beatles . The script is based on an original story credited to Taymor , Dick Clement , and Ian La Frenais . It incorporates 34 compositions originally written by members of the Beatles . The film stars Jim Sturgess , Evan Rachel Wood , Joe Anderson and T.V. Carpio , and introduces Dana Fuchs and Martin Luther McCoy as actors . Cameo appearances are made by Bono , Eddie Izzard , Joe Cocker , and Salma Hayek , among others . Opening to mixed reviews , Across the Universe was nominated for both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award . Two members of the supporting cast , Carol Woods and Timothy T. Mitchum , performed as part of a special Beatles tribute at the 50th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08931a3823dd4048a181d7d1130379a", "text": "Kate Winslet filmography Kate Winslet is a British actress and singer who has appeared in numerous films and television series . Her film debut was as Juliet Hulme in the 1994 film Heavenly Creatures . She went on to appear in the later 1990s films Sense and Sensibility as Marianne Dashwood ( 1995 ) , which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , Jude as Sue Bridehead ( 1996 ) , Hamlet as Ophelia ( 1996 ) and Titanic as Rose DeWitt Bukater ( 1997 ) . For her role in Titanic , it earned her Best Actress nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award . In the 2000s , she was cast in Enigma with Dougray Scott ( 2001 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind with Jim Carrey ( 2004 ) , Finding Neverland with Johnny Depp ( 2004 ) , The Holiday with Jack Black ( 2006 ) , The Reader with David Kross ( 2008 ) and Revolutionary Road with Leonardo DiCaprio ( 2008 ) , her second collaboration with him , the first being in Titanic . She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Reader . She also lent her voice to the animated film Flushed Away in 2006 with Hugh Jackman . In 2011 , Winslet starred in the all-star cast films , in Contagion with Marion Cotillard , Matt Damon , Jude Law and Gwyneth Paltrow and in Carnage alongside Jodie Foster , Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly . In 2014 , she played Jeanine Matthews in the first film of the series , Divergent , based on the novel of the same name . She reprised the role in the 2015 sequel Insurgent . In 2015 , she starred in titular role in The Dressmaker and as an ex marketing chief of Apple Joanna Hoffman in a biopic Steve Jobs , earning her seventh Oscar nomination . Her television work includes appearing in several episodes of the series Dark Season in 1991 , and three episodes on Get Back from 1992 to 1993 . In 2005 , she appeared in an episode of Extras as herself and received her first Emmy nomination and went on to win one for her portrayal of Mildred Pierce Beragon in Todd Haynes 's 2011 miniseries Mildred Pierce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d508e0184c1a6ed70a50d7ead925d590", "text": "Lisa Wu Lisa Wu is an American television personality , actress , realtor , screenwriter and designer . She is best known for appearing on reality series The Real Housewives of Atlanta and Hollywood Divas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef455609f3f48e7d7628a0fbc5ad479c", "text": "Super Troopers Super Troopers is a 2001 American crime-comedy film directed by Jay Chandrasekhar , written by and starring the Broken Lizard comedy group ( Jay Chandrasekhar , Kevin Heffernan , Steve Lem me , Paul Soter and Erik Stolhanske ) . Marisa Coughlan , Daniel von Bargen and Brian Cox co-star while Lynda Carter has a cameo appearance . In total , Fox Searchlight paid $ 3.25 million for distribution rights of the film and grossed $ 23.1 million at the box office . A sequel , Super Troopers 2 , is currently filming and is expected to be released in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61fdbf6028a1ac5c8c56c6231f9f06bf", "text": "Straight Talk Straight Talk is an 1992 American romantic comedy film directed by Barnet Kellman and starring Dolly Parton and James Woods . Parton did not receive solo star-billing in any other theatrically released films until the 2012 film Joyful Noise , alongside Queen Latifah . Her previous starring films had been 9 to 5 ( 1980 ) , The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas ( 1982 ) , Rhinestone ( 1984 ) , and Steel Magnolias ( 1989 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9cb270e5f9f295c3f31223f452f235d", "text": "Lisa Thornhill Lisa Thornhill ( born September 30 , 1962 ) is an American actress . She is best known for playing the role of Evelyn Thompson in the 2000 film The Family Man , Celeste Kane in the television series Veronica Mars , Gwen in the 2002 film Life , or Something Like It , and Agent Celia `` Cie '' Baxter in the television series 18 Wheels of Justice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5da0e64637e00bce2d8b34701a878a55", "text": "Swing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Swing is a soundtrack for the 1999 film of the same name , which stars Lisa Stansfield , who also recorded ten songs for the soundtrack and co-wrote four of them . The album was released in Europe on 10 May 1999 and in North America on 13 July 1999 . Swing garnered favorable reviews from music critics who called it a `` gem '' among the soundtracks . The album , full of jazz and swing songs , reached number six on Billboard 's Top Jazz Albums chart . On 2 June 2003 , it was remastered and re-released in Europe with an alternative cover art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36db667102f4bc47c6c2b9d4746bb168", "text": "Annihilator (film) Annihilator is a 1986 science fiction television film , starring Mark Lindsay Chapman , Catherine Mary Stewart , and Lisa Blount .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8678cfd4df9b27b96e6c1cc617019e7", "text": "Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life . Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack . The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film . It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 . The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35cea33b37968580598879b48a41d11c", "text": "Web Therapy (season 3) The third season of the American Improvisational comedy television series Web Therapy premiered on July 23 , 2013 , and concluded on September 24 , 2014 , on Showtime . The series stars Lisa Kudrow as Fiona Wallice , a therapist who has conceived of a new form of therapy : the titular `` web therapy '' . This season contains the webisodes from season five of the web series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc2e586313a2ae8bbb85ad421d42b1a3", "text": "List of The Comeback episodes The Comeback is an American television comedy-drama series produced by HBO that stars actress Lisa Kudrow as sitcom actress Valerie Cherish in modern-day Los Angeles . It was created by Kudrow and Michael Patrick King , a former executive producer of Sex and the City . Kudrow and King are also screenwriters and executive producers of the series , with King also serving as the director of some episodes . The series premiered on HBO on June 5 , 2005 and aired for a single , 13-episode season before being canceled . The series was revived nine years later and an eight-episode second season started airing on HBO on November 9 , 2014 . , 21 episodes of The Comeback have aired , concluding its second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e225340cc0f6356f66fe06fcec2a23c", "text": "Lisa Blount Lisa Suzanne Blount ( July 1 , 1957 -- October 27 , 2010 ) was an American film and television actress , and Oscar-winning producer .", "title": "" } ]	fever
db06c7fcaa9b3ac453c171ebda67ab4c	Snooki is a television host.	[ { "docid": "20c7cbfe9c931cd961d22b00881ce7ba", "text": "Snooki Nicole Elizabeth `` Snooki '' LaValle ( née Polizzi ; born November 23 , 1987 ) is an American reality television personality , author , dancer and professional wrestler who is best known for being a cast member of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore and starring in Snooki & Jwoww . Since the show 's debut in 2009 , Polizzi has gained popularity by appearing on talk shows including The View , The Ellen DeGeneres Show , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , Late Show with David Letterman , and The Wendy Williams Show . She earned $ 150,000 per Jersey Shore episode for the last two seasons . She also appeared as the guest hostess for WWE Raw in 2011 and competed at WrestleMania XXVII that same year .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9990e1e0c9b3470ef444178d4b768321", "text": "Let's Go (1964 TV series) Lets Go started at CBC Vancouver as a summer musical series for teenagers , July 17 , 1964 to Sept. 4 , 1964 . There were 8 Lets Go shows produced and broadcast locally on CBUT Vancouver , Friday evenings at 7:30 PM . Fred Latremouille and Randi Conlin were Hosts , with the Classics as the house band . Regular performers were Gillian Russell , Susan Pesklevits ( Susan Jacks ) , Mike Campbell , Tom Northcott , Howie Vickers , Marcel Chouinard , Stan Cayer and Ed Whiting . Produced and directed by Ain Soodor , script assistant Chris Paton , studio director Al Vitols . The Classics band members were , Tom Baird ( keyboard/writer ) , Claire Lawrence ( sax ) , Brian Russell ( guitar ) , Glenn Miller ( bass ) , Gary Taylor ( drums ) , Howie Vickers ( lead vocalist ) . On-air schedule was found in the CBC Times records for British Columbia . First Lets Go https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yS97_eVuXg Lets Go on September 28 , 1964 , became part of the CBC network series called Music Hop from 5 cities during the week at 5:30 to 6:00 PM . Fred Latremouille and Red Robinson were Hosts for Vancouver ' 's Lets Go , which was seen on Mondays , Winnipeg 's show on Tuesdays , Toronto on Wednesdays , Montreal on Thursdays and on Fridays it was Halifax . Performers who joined Lets Go : Patty Surbey , Marty Gillan , Terry Jacks , Joanie Taylor , Bobby Faulds and Bonnie Huber . The Music Hop series continued until 1967 . Lets Go shows from CBC Vancouver , were produced and directed by Ain Soodor , ( 1964-1966 ) , script assistant Chris Paton . Al Vitols produced and directed Lets Go shows in 1966 , script assistant was Patsy MacDonald . Let 's Go was a daily CBC Television entertainment series aired during the 1967-1968 season , featuring musical guests . It was the successor to Music Hop , and the show 's title was taken from the Vancouver segment of Music Hop . Each day 's episode featured local talent from a different city , moving across the country from east to west : Halifax ( Monday ) , Ottawa ( Tuesday ) , Toronto ( Wednesday ) , Winnipeg ( Thursday ) and Vancouver ( Friday ) . Anne Murray appeared on the Halifax show , before she achieved huge popularity with `` Snowbird '' . The Winnipeg show was hosted by Chad Allan , the former front man for The Guess Who . The Guess Who , fronted by Burton Cummings , played as the house band in Winnipeg . Susan Jacks ( Pesklevits ) was a regular performer on the Vancouver show before becoming the lead singer of the Poppy Family . Let 's Go shows , starting in 1967 from Vancouver had a new host , Howie Vickers , followed by Mike Campbell , Terry Jacks , Tom Northcott and Terry Frewer , all taking turns . The new house band was named Probably Us , with Bob Buckley ( sax ) , Terry Frewer ( guitar ) , Bob Murphy ( keyboard ) , Doug Edwards ( bass ) and George Ursan ( drums ) . In addition to the regular Lets Go performers , new singers were introduced each week , Jayson Hoover , Lynn Brooks , Bruce Bissell , Ted Davis , Nancy Lester , Rik Salem , The Raible Brothers , Rosalind Keene , Dave Sinclair , Kelly Christopher , Mark Middler , Anne Attenborough , Tom & Barry Collins , PM Howard , and Rick McCartie . A variety of pop-rock groups made appearances such as The Collectors , The Wiggy Symphony , The Shockers , the Northwest Company , the Poppy Family , the Seeds of Time , My Indole Ring , Eric Burdon and the Animals , and the New Vaudeville Band . Featured celebrity interviews included Jimi Hendrix , Stevie Wonder , the Everly Brothers , Moody Blues , The Righteous Brothers , the Beach Boys , the Monkees , the Yardbirds and Creedence Clearwater Revival . These Lets Go shows from Vancouver were produced and directed by Ken Gibson , the script assistant was Patsy MacDonald . The last Lets Go show aired on June 26 , 1968 . CBC Vancouver and the CBC network continued in the same time slot with mostly bands and was titled `` Where It 's At '' until it ended on June 20 , 1969 . CBC Let 's Go Show was different in Vancouver and Winnipeg . The Vancouver show was hosted by Red Robinson and Fred Latremouille . Winnipeg show was hosted by Chad Allan , of The Guess Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3127d2ce9db188586c949584e9ab7ce", "text": "The Jay Leno Show The Jay Leno Show is an American talk show created by and starring Jay Leno . Premiering on NBC on September 14 , 2009 , the program aired on weeknights at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT through February 9 , 2010 . The program was modeled upon the format of a late night talk show -- specifically , Jay Leno 's incarnation of The Tonight Show , opening with a comedic monologue , followed by interviews with celebrity guests and other comedy segments . Sketches from The Tonight Show ( including Headlines and Jaywalking ) were carried over to The Jay Leno Show , along with new sketches . The program was the result of a compromise by NBC Universal 's then-CEO Jeff Zucker to keep Jay Leno with the company following his retirement from The Tonight Show and replacement with Conan O'Brien . The Jay Leno Show was also intended to provide NBC with an alternative to the high-cost scripted dramas aired by competing networks in its time slot ; the network believed that the lower cost of production , in combination with product placement deals , meant that the program did not necessarily have to be highly viewed in order to turn a profit . NBC hoped to attract Leno 's existing fans , as well as a larger primetime audience than that of his late-night program . The Jay Leno Show was met with mixed reception from critics , who felt that the series had little differentiation from Leno 's Tonight Show . Others were critical of NBC 's decision to give up an hour of its weeknight lineup to Leno , due to the network 's past success with dramas airing in the time slot , while one NBC affiliate notably planned to not air the show at all , although this decision was retracted due to complaints by the network . Although viewership of The Jay Leno Show was initially on par with NBC 's projections , by November , the program 's ratings began to fall significantly . NBC 's affiliates complained that the declining viewership of The Jay Leno Show also had a ripple effect on the viewership of their late local newscasts . In an effort to address the concerns , NBC announced in January 2010 that it would , following the 2010 Winter Olympics , shorten The Jay Leno Show to a half-hour , and move it to 11:35 p.m -- the timeslot that had been occupied by The Tonight Show for nearly 60 years , and bump Tonight to 12:05 a.m. NBC 's decision resulted in a major public conflict between the network and Conan O'Brien , who asserted that the move would damage the highly respected Tonight Show franchise , and that he would not participate in the program if it were moved to 12:05 . Despite much support for O'Brien from both the public and media professionals alike , NBC maintained its plan to move Leno to 11:35 . On January 21 , 2010 , NBC reached a $ 45 million settlement with O'Brien in order to end his contract . The Jay Leno Show ended on February 9 , 2010 , after being on the air for only four months , with Entertainment Weekly calling the program television 's `` Biggest Bomb of All Time . '' Leno resumed his duties as host of The Tonight Show on March 1 , 2010 , in a final stint that lasted until his February 2014 succession by Jimmy Fallon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d1a50192471bed775014d322827be61", "text": "List of programmes broadcast by Pogo Pogo is an Indian television channel available in English , Hindi , Telugu and Tamil . The channel carries a number of popular animated shows as well as live action shows . Turner produces exclusive shows for Pogo under the brand name `` Pogo Originals '' from time to time . A Pogo originals production by Turner , The Music , Art and Dance show , M.A.D. , is one of India 's most popular do-it-yourself shows . Pogo also showcases many popular animated and live action movies under the block name `` Lights ! Camera ! Pogo '' . Pogo nowadays airs Chhota Bheem for most of the time . It airs repeats of Chhota Bheem , Mr. Bean , Tom and Jerry , Chhota Bheem specials and Mighty Raju movies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "127cb31553a817797f780b1284e7ba6d", "text": "WTVML WTVML is an XML-based and WML-derived content format designed to allow web site operators to easily develop and deploy Interactive TV services , typically it reduces the time taken for web site operators to create a TV Site , and results in the Site being deployable on a larger number of devices , and is capable of being automatically validated , tested and transformed . WTVML was originally developed by Ian Valentine and Patrick Sansom in a company called waptv . After demonstrating the ability to develop Interactive TV services using web infrastructures and XML , and successfully deploying them to existing TV set-top-boxes over dial up modems , the company was acquired by BSkyB . The technology was first used to launch Sky 's interactive betting service on December 6th 2000 , and later became the basis of a large number of `` red button '' channel portals and internet based interactive services . The format follows a strict XML syntax ( DTD ) that has been developed in response to multiple user requirements by BSkyB , and is now being enhanced by Miniweb Interactive . The format was standardized through ETSI as TS 102 322 . WTVML has the potential to unify the Interactive TV content creation industry , which has been hampered by proprietary `` middlewares '' and a lack of browser standards . The fragmentation of technologies available to build Digital TV platforms has meant that typical web site operators have had no common content format available to them to allow them to develop their TV Site once , and deploy it unchanged across multiple networks and devices . Some newer set-top boxes ( particularly IPTV devices ) use various versions of HTML browsers . Many of these have proprietary TV extensions , and different deployment characteristics , which result in untested services being deployed unfaithfully or worse with run-time errors . Due to the need for explicit layouts , as well as other reasons , many designers attempting to create TV Style services using HTML browsers need to make extensive use of JavaScript , which has the result of further inhibiting interoperability , and requires manual testing of a service before it is deployed by the majority of networks , thus essentially closing a network from open internet access . WTVML services can be automatically and dynamically transformed into various forms of HTML/JS/CSS , making them compatible with traditional web browsers as well as WTVML native browsers , and allowing the network operator to manage his platform specific features independently from the standard used by the web site authors . WTVML follows a web 2.0 style model , in that complete applications are DTD driven , allowing TV Style services to be created without the use of Script . Between 2000 and 2008 the industry , including the DVB ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70d87d2c610dadc08f055c3bfba7d689", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live incidents As a live sketch comedy show , NBC 's Saturday Night Live ( officially abbreviated SNL ) has had a number of technical problems , performer mishaps , and controversial content . Several hosts and musical guests have received negative press due to their appearances on the program , including musician Sinéad O'Connor , comedian Andrew Dice Clay , then-Presidential candidate Donald Trump , and the bands Rage Against the Machine and Fear . In the course of the show 's forty-plus-year history , several technical issues have occurred live on air , most notably with singer Ashlee Simpson . Other times , controversial content has been edited out of syndicated reruns and online-distributed editions of the show , including coarse language . The show has `` banned '' certain hosts , and has also been accused of plagiarism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9adc3047db64f21fbc474d88f38d53ba", "text": "The Buddy Deane Show The Buddy Deane Show was a teen dance television show , similar to Philadelphia 's American Bandstand , that was created by Zvi Shoubin and aired on WJZ-TV in Baltimore , Maryland from 1957 until 1964 . The show was taken off the air because home station WJZ-TV was unable to integrate black and white dancers . Its host was Winston `` Buddy '' Deane ( 1924-2003 ) , who died in Pine Bluff , Arkansas after suffering a stroke , July 16 , 2003 . He was 78 . Winston `` Buddy '' Deane was a broadcaster for more than 50 years , beginning his career in Little Rock , Arkansas , then moving to the Memphis , Tennessee market before moving on to Baltimore where he worked at WITH radio . He was one of the first disc jockeys in the area to regularly feature rock-and-roll . His dance party television show debuted in 1957 and was , for a time , the most popular local show in the United States . It aired for two and a half hours a day , six days a week . Hundreds of thousands of teens learned the latest dances of their day by watching Committee Members on The Buddy Deane Show . Teenagers who appeared on the show every day were known as the `` Committee . '' Committee members included Mike Miller , Charlie Bledsoe , Ron Osher , Mary Lou Raines , Pat ( ricia ) Tacey , and Cathy Schmink . Viewers often emulated the Committee members ' dance moves , copied their personal style , and followed their life stories and interactions . Buddy Deane organized and disc-jockeyed dances in public venues across the WJZ-TV broadcast area , across much of Maryland and Southern Delaware . At such events , tens of thousands of teenagers were exposed to live recording artists and TV personalities . Many top acts of the day , both black and white , appeared on the show . Acts that appeared on The Buddy Deane Show first were reportedly barred from appearing on Dick Clark 's American Bandstand . If they were on Bandstand first , however , they could still be on The Buddy Deane Show . Although WJZ-TV , owned by Westinghouse Broadcasting ( now CBS ) , was an ABC affiliate , the station `` blacked out '' the network broadcast of American Bandstand in Baltimore and broadcast the Deane program instead , reportedly because Bandstand showed black teenagers dancing on the show ( although black and white teenagers were not allowed to dance together until the show was moved to California in 1964 ) . The Deane program set aside every other Friday when the show featured only black teenagers ( the rest of the time , the show 's participants were all white ) . Owing to Buddy 's mid-South roots and work history , he brought onto his show many performers from the ranks of Country and Western music ( e.g. , Skeeter Davis , singing `` The End of the World '' and Brenda Lee singing `` Sweet Nothin 's '' ) , who then achieved cross-over hits among rock 'n' roll fans . Buddy Deane also played songs that other disc-jockeys , often including Dick Clark , refused to present to mostly white teen TV audiences , because the acts sounded `` too Black '' ( e.g. , `` Do You Love Me , '' by the Contours , or `` Hide and Seek , '' by Bunker Hill ) . With an ear for music , seasoned by many more prior years as a disk jockey than Dick Clark , Buddy also brought to his audience a wider array of white musical acts than were seen on `` American Bandstand . '' For example , Carole King appeared on the show , nearly a decade before she burst to popularity with her landmark 1970 album , `` Tapestry , '' playing her 45RPM single `` It Might as Well Rain Until September . '' ( For another example , Dean featured English artist , Helen Shapiro , singing her Baltimore hit , `` Tell Me What He Said , '' at about the time that the Beatles were on tour around England , playing on the same show bill with her . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f9b2ef7038105ad9e9e9d05cbe0418c", "text": "Emeril Live Emeril Live is a television program that aired on the Food Network from 1997 to 2007 and then The Cooking Channel from 2008 to 2010 . Hosted by Emeril Lagasse , Emeril Live featured many of the same elements as Emeril 's other program , Essence of Emeril and often had a Creole theme . The program was taped in front of a live audience in New York City and featured music played by Doc Gibbs and the Emeril Live Band . In 2004 , the program moved to Chelsea Market . Emeril Live began production in 1997 , and won a CableACE Award for `` Best Informational Show '' later that year . The program featured a wide variety of cuisine from cajun to stir-fry and often featured well-known chefs as guests who cook alongside Emeril . Some of the celebrities that appeared on the program include Charlie Daniels , Patti LaBelle , Michael McDonald , Joe Perry , Sammy Hagar , Aretha Franklin , Patton Oswalt , and Jimmy Buffett . Emeril sometimes let the audience taste the food that he prepares . He was known for his use of catchphrases , such as `` Pork fat rules '' , `` Kick it up a notch '' , `` Oh , yeah babe '' , and `` Bam ! '' , which he used when adding seasoning to the food that he was preparing . On November 27 , 2007 , the Food Network revealed it would halt production on the program on December 11 , 2007 . On May 20 , 2008 , the Fine Living network revealed that it would start airing Emeril Live , including never-before-seen episodes , beginning July 7 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a75334acdca8e48d60e41d0a58489cba", "text": "Vasily Strelnikov Vasily Borisovic Strelnikov ( Василий Боpисович Стрельников , also known as друг агрессивно-прогрессивной молодёжи ) is a well-known Russian-American New York City-born VJ , most commonly known to the Boomerang Generation as the voice behind MTV Russia , which he was during the 1998/2002 timeframe . Vasily arguably had peak popularity with his morning show called Weekend 's Whim . Vasily was born in New York City on May 14 , 1962 to a Russian father and a Russian mother , a Soviet embassy officer . His father , Boris Strelnikov , was a prominent Soviet-era journalist , who worked for many years as a correspondent of the Pravda newspaper based in the United States . He holds dual citizenship as both an American and a Russian . Vasily began his career as a radio presenter in the 1980s , working for Radio Moscow World Service . He was best known as the host of the ` Listeners ' Request Club ' , one of the most popular programmes on the air , which , due to its informal presentation , contrasted with most other shows . During 2006 Vasily hosted Мозголомы - a Russian version of the Brainiac : Science Abuse TV programme on REN TV . he hosts Упс ! - another Russian TV programme . As of 2011 he has returned to the Voice of Russia to host the mailbag show , `` From Moscow With Love '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169fd392ea36126e07a7195a237b05f4", "text": "Dance 360 Dance 360 ( 2004-2005 ) was a modern hip-hop television series in which different dancers competed to win 360 dollars and an Xbox or a cell phone from Boost Mobile . It was hosted by Fredro Starr , Alfonso Ribeiro , and Kel Mitchell with DJ K-Sly providing the beats for the dancers . The dancers were selected from the audience at the beginning of the show , and they competed one-on-one , with the winner going on to the next round . They were judged by the level of audience applause . In addition to the prizes awarded , the winner was also given the last few seconds of the show to give `` shout outs '' to friends and family . The show 's title comes from the circle on the dance floor where the dancers competed . Host Kel Mitchell previously starred in the television show Kenan and Kel along with his friend Kenan Thompson for a four-year run . Host Fredro Starr previously played on the hit show Moesha playing one of her boyfriends , Q. Host Alfonso Ribeiro was best known for his role as Carlton Banks on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air . DJ K-Sly , whose real name is Kathleen Taylor is a Los Angeles-based DJ more known as a radio host . The show was noted for its famous slogans : `` Yo , Fredro , where you at ?! '' , `` Three six oooh '' , `` Tag Your Man ! * '' and `` Head To Head ! '' . Both hosts later starred in the straight-to-DVD film , Ganked in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e7af258c71fa7089f176dcdbb034651", "text": "David Rocco's Dolce Vita David Rocco 's Dolce Vita is a television show hosted by David Rocco . The show is shot on location in and around the cities and countrysides of Italy , following the cultural , social , and culinary escapades of Rocco and his friends . Besides cooking , the show explores the Italian ways of life and ways of food in this culture exposé . Rocco and his wife Nina traipse around Florence and Sicily , cooking dinner for friends , checking out local hot spots , and living the sweet life . The recipes that Rocco makes are generally easy to follow , classic Italian dishes . The whole concept behind the cooking aspect of the program is that good cooking does not have to be difficult . The dishes he makes are always elegant and impressive , but simple and quick . Some episodes deal with thematic recipes , such as `` The Hunt for Funghi '' . Other episodes include `` The Party '' , `` Boy 's Night Out '' , and `` Rocco and the City '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a753d03c10392bcba2385751eeedb89f", "text": "Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ Hey ! Hey ! Hey ! Music Champ was a Japanese music variety show on Fuji Television hosted by the comedy duo Downtown , which consists of Hitoshi Matsumoto and Masatoshi Hamada . It is a very popular show with comical hosts who like to pick on their guests . An episode usually consists of live performances ( of recently released songs ) from popular artists , chat segments and other fun and games . Many famous singers such as Ayumi Hamasaki , Britney Spears , Utada Hikaru , and Namie Amuro have performed almost all of their singles on this show . Japanese rock artists such as Glay , X Japan , Alice Nine , The Gazette , Nightmare , Gackt , and L'Arc-en-Ciel have also been on the show performing their hit singles as well as playing games with the hosts . All bands signed under Johnny & Associates have also appeared on the show as guests and have performed their latest hit songs . South Korean boybands SS501 , Big Bang , TVXQ and girl groups S.E.S. , Girls ' Generation , and Kara have also appeared on the show . On September 18 , 2012 , Fuji TV announced that `` Hey ! Hey ! Hey ! Music Champ '' would end its run after eighteen years . The series finale aired on December 17 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e40237dad2cf5f2d68e2f1e8c7bd6e40", "text": "The Baby Snooks Show The Baby Snooks Show was an American radio program starring comedian and Ziegfeld Follies alumna Fanny Brice as a mischievous young girl who was 40 years younger than the actress who played her when she first went on the air . The series began on CBS September 17 , 1944 , airing on Sunday evenings at 6:30 pm as Post Toasties Time ( for sponsor General Foods ) . The title soon changed to The Baby Snooks Show , and the series was sometimes called Baby Snooks and Daddy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e60d4a3a822bb44e6fd5d634343142", "text": "Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube . Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world . Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebfb5c3f4db55bd8ba2fd010886169e", "text": "Showbiz Extra Showbiz Korea is a daily television entertainment news show that covers the South Korean entertainment industry broadcast in South Korea and throughout Asia on Arirang TV , which premiered on April 10 , 2002 . The show is produced in Korea , but broadcast in the English language . It 's also available on Viki with subtitles in multiple languages . The show features segments that include `` Showbiz Today '' about the latest issues facing the Korean entertainment industry ; `` K-Chitchat '' that features a panel of experts discussing the latest Korean entertainment issues ; `` Stars ' Big Match '' that highlights stars gaining worldwide fame ; `` Fashion 101 '' that explores fashion and beauty trends of Korean celebrities ' `` Issue Makers '' that spotlights stars in the news this week ; `` Film Digest '' that features the latest movie releases ; and `` On Scene '' that takes you on filming sets , press conferences and showcases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46eef3040e4f9d2daddb8907e0d3cc2b", "text": "Sesame Street research In 1969 , the children 's television show Sesame Street premiered on the National Educational Television network ( later succeeded by PBS ) in the United States . Unlike earlier children 's programming , the show 's producers used research and over 1,000 studies and experiments to create the show and test its impact on its young viewers ' learning . By the end of the program 's first season , the organization founded to oversee Sesame Street production , Children 's Television Workshop ( CTW ) , had developed what came to be called `` the CTW model '' : a system of planning , production , and evaluation that combined the expertise of researchers and early childhood educators with that of the program 's writers , producers , and directors . CTW conducted research in two ways : in-house formative research that informed and improved production , and independent summative evaluations conducted by the Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) during the show 's first two seasons to measure the program 's educational effectiveness . CTW researchers invented tools to measure young viewers ' attention to the program . Based on these findings , the researchers compiled a body of data and the producers changed the show accordingly . The formative research on Sesame Street was the first time children 's television viewing was studied scientifically . Summative research conducted over the years , including two landmark evaluations in 1970 and 1971 , demonstrated that viewing the program had positive effects on young viewers ' learning , school readiness , and social skills . Subsequent studies have replicated these findings , such as the effect of the show in countries outside of the US , several longitudinal studies , the effects of war and natural disasters on young children , and studies about how the show affected viewers ' cognition . As CTW researcher Gerald S. Lesser stated in 1974 , early tests conducted on the show ( both formative and summative ) `` suggested that Sesame Street was making strides towards teaching what it had set out to teach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94535ab2650a097a2db872f802f43c8d", "text": "Ednooki Ednooki or One-eyed ( Macedonia Cyrillic : Еднооки ) is a stirical animated show from Kontrabanda Produkcija from Macedonia . The show was first aired in April 2006 on A1 , later on Kanal 5 till 2007 and currently on Sitel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad887f4628a3ffc49dc5bd74e31acf96", "text": "Karaoke Fishtank Karaoke Fishtank was a British late-night television show which based its format on music videos . The show was hosted by a computer animated fish called ` Vince Finn ' ( voiced by Logan Murray ) , who introduced each video in turn before it was played in a humorous manner , such as why Norman Cook is also known as ` Fatboy Slim ' ( although his real name is Quentin ) . In a separate introduction he defended Jennifer Lopez , saying her `` arse '' is not fat , and has muscle . He concludes this by asking the viewers , to `` Just ask that fat bird from Emmerdale ! '' . However , during the play of each video the lyrics would be shown at the bottom of the screen , while a bouncing-fish would move so the viewer if they chose to sing-along , would know what to sing and when . The graphics that produced the lyrics were made with the Windows application winOKE . The show was broadcast on Channel 4 late-night every Friday on their 4Later segments , and ran between 22 September 2000 -- 4 February 2001 . It was also created by Televirtual , a sister-company to Broadsword Productions , who were the team behind the CITV Anglia Television show Knightmare . Claire Zolkwer of Endermol Entertainment was the main producer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebcab7c302a2d62b6679465541d15dd5", "text": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island Total Drama All-Stars and Total Drama : Pahkitew Island are two 13-episode segments that both make up the fifth season of the Canadian animated television series , Total Drama . The season was commissioned by Cartoon Network in October 2012 , ordering 26 episodes . It is a sequel to Total Drama Island , Total Drama Action , Total Drama World Tour , and Total Drama : Revenge of the Island . The season was produced by Fresh TV and the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network and distributed by Cake Entertainment . Owing to the series ' premise , the season presents itself as a parody of reality television series , such as Survivor . The entire season first premiered in the United States starting on September 10 , 2013 on Cartoon Network for the first part , with the second part premiering in the United States on July 7 , 2014 for a two-week time period . In Canada , the first part premiered on Teletoon during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot starting January 9 , 2014 . The second part of the season also premiered during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot on Teletoon starting on September 4 , 2014 . The second half of the season also premiered on the APTN network in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "931655dcba5009daa03d227ef573f709", "text": "Sugar (TV series) Sugar is a TV cooking show shown on Food Network Canada hosted by Canadian pastry chef Anna Olson . The official show description reads `` Anna Olson satisfies sweet cravings with great dessert recipes and guides viewers from making to plating with presentation ideas to dress up any dessert . '' Premiered in October 2002 , Sugar is a half-hour show which specializes in desserts . Each episode has a theme ingredient . Host Anna Olson makes one simple dessert with the theme ingredient in the first part of the show . During the second and third part , she creates a more elaborate or decadent dessert with the same ingredient . During the last few minutes of the program called the `` Switch-Up '' , Anna re-invents the first dessert with a few tricks and turns it into something more special . Sugar aired for five seasons on Food Network Canada and its 151 episodes has been syndicated in 40 countries .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1aca6ec474e9670a4cf8a2e174faa944	Plato had a student who was a philosopher.	[ { "docid": "6a5057f27a6b8bc2d6d6d4feb0a8661e", "text": "Aristotle Aristotle ( -LSB- ˈærɪˌstɒtəl -RSB- Ἀριστοτέλης , -LSB- aristotélɛːs -RSB- , Aristotélēs ; 384 -- 322 BC ) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira , Chalkidice , on the northern periphery of Classical Greece . His father , Nicomachus , died when Aristotle was a child , whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian . At seventeen or eighteen years of age , he joined Plato 's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven ( c. 347 BC ) . His writings cover many subjects -- including physics , biology , zoology , metaphysics , logic , ethics , aesthetics , poetry , theater , music , rhetoric , linguistics , politics and government -- and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy . Shortly after Plato died , Aristotle left Athens and , at the request of Philip II of Macedon , tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC . Teaching Alexander the Great gave Aristotle many opportunities and an abundance of supplies . He established a library in the Lyceum which aided in the production of many of his hundreds of books . The fact that Aristotle was a pupil of Plato contributed to his former views of Platonism , but , following Plato 's death , Aristotle immersed himself in empirical studies and shifted from Platonism to empiricism . He believed all peoples ' concepts and all of their knowledge was ultimately based on perception . Aristotle 's views on natural sciences represent the groundwork underlying many of his works . Aristotle 's views on physical science profoundly shaped medieval scholarship . Their influence extended from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance , and were not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics . Some of Aristotle 's zoological observations , such as on the hectocotyl ( reproductive ) arm of the octopus , were not confirmed or refuted until the 19th century . His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic , which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic . In metaphysics , Aristotelianism profoundly influenced Judeo-Islamic philosophical and theological thought during the Middle Ages and continues to influence Christian theology , especially the Neoplatonism of the Early Church and the scholastic tradition of the Roman Catholic Church . Aristotle was well known among medieval Muslim intellectuals and revered as `` The First Teacher '' ( -LSB- ) . His ethics , though always influential , gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics . All aspects of Aristotle 's philosophy continue to be the object of active academic study today . Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues -- Cicero described his literary style as `` a river of gold '' -- it is thought that only around a third of his original output has survived .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4758e56211d791d0f7ae9fdec5f802f", "text": "Plato Plato ( -LSB- ˈpleɪtoʊ -RSB- Greek : Πλάτων Plátōn , -LSB- plá.tɔːn -RSB- in Classical Attic ; 428/427 or 424/423 -- 348/347 BCE ) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens , the first institution of higher learning in the Western world . He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy , especially the Western tradition . Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries , Plato 's entire work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years . Along with his teacher , Socrates , and his most famous student , Aristotle , Plato laid the very foundations of Western philosophy and science . Alfred North Whitehead once noted : `` the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato . '' In addition to being a foundational figure for Western science , philosophy , and mathematics , Plato has also often been cited as one of the founders of Western religion and spirituality . Plato 's influence on Christianity is often thought to be mediated by his major influence on Saint Augustine of Hippo , one of the most important philosophers and theologians in the foundation of the Western thought . In the 19th century the philosopher Nietzsche criticized Christianity by saying it 's `` Platonism for the people '' . Numenius of Apamea viewed this differently , he called Plato the Hellenic Moses . This would justify the superiority of Christianity over Hellenism because Moses predates Plato - thus the original source of this wisdom is the root of Christianity and not Hellenistic culture . Plato was the innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy . Plato appears to have been the founder of Western political philosophy , with his Republic , and Laws among other dialogues , providing some of the earliest extant treatments of political questions from a philosophical perspective . Plato 's own most decisive philosophical influences are usually thought to have been Socrates , Parmenides , Heraclitus and Pythagoras , although few of his predecessors ' works remain extant and much of what we know about these figures today derives from Plato himself . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes Plato as '' ... one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating , wide-ranging , and influential authors in the history of philosophy . ... He was not the first thinker or writer to whom the word `` philosopher '' should be applied . But he was so self-conscious about how philosophy should be conceived , and what its scope and ambitions properly are , and he so transformed the intellectual currents with which he grappled , that the subject of philosophy , as it is often conceived -- a rigorous and systematic examination of ethical , political , metaphysical , and epistemological issues , armed with a distinctive method -- can be called his invention . Few other authors in the history of Western philosophy approximate him in depth and range : perhaps only Aristotle ( who studied with him ) , Aquinas and Kant would be generally agreed to be of the same rank . ''", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c38738c8085f5afd9abbd080e4fe3637", "text": "Phenomenology (philosophy) Phenomenology ( from Greek phainómenon `` that which appears '' and lógos `` study '' ) is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness . As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in Germany . It then spread to France , the United States , and elsewhere , often in contexts far removed from Husserl 's early work . Phenomenology should not be considered as a unitary movement ; rather , different authors share a common family resemblance but also with many significant differences . Accordingly : A unique and final definition of phenomenology is dangerous and perhaps even paradoxical as it lacks a thematic focus . In fact , it is not a doctrine , nor a philosophical school , but rather a style of thought , a method , an open and ever-renewed experience having different results , and this may disorient anyone wishing to define the meaning of phenomenology.Phenomenology , in Husserl 's conception , is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness . Phenomenology can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects , sets of objects , and objects acting and reacting upon one another . Husserl 's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by students , such as Edith Stein and Roman Ingarden , by hermeneutic philosophers , such as Martin Heidegger , by existentialists , such as Nicolai Hartmann , Gabriel Marcel , Maurice Merleau-Ponty , Jean-Paul Sartre , and by other philosophers , such as Max Scheler , Paul Ricoeur , Jean-Luc Marion , Michel Henry , Emmanuel Levinas , Jacques Derrida , and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6e771acf3d5db7f3e048e3edc695db1", "text": "Hypatia Hypatia ( -LSB- ˌhaɪˈpeɪʃə , _ - ʃi.ə -RSB- ; Ὑπατία Hupatía ; born 350 -- 370 ; died 415 ) , often called Hypatia of Alexandria , was a Greek mathematician , astronomer , and philosopher in Egypt , then a part of the Eastern Roman Empire . She was the head of the Neoplatonic school at Alexandria , where she taught philosophy and astronomy . According to contemporary sources , Hypatia was murdered by a Christian mob or by Christian zealots known as Parabalani after being accused of exacerbating a conflict between two prominent figures in Alexandria , the governor , Orestes , and the bishop , Cyril of Alexandria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03196eef5d01769f91e66d52ed543edc", "text": "Hermias (philosopher) For Hermias philosophus , see Hermias ( apologist ) . Hermias ( -LSB- hɜrˈmaɪəs -RSB- Ἑρμείας ἐκ Φοινίκης Hermeias ek Phoinikes ) was a Neoplatonist philosopher who was born in Alexandria c. 410 AD . He went to Athens and studied philosophy under Syrianus . He married Aedesia , who was a relative of Syrianus , and who had originally been betrothed to Proclus , but Proclus broke the engagement off after receiving a divine warning . Hermias brought Syrianus ' teachings back to Alexandria , where he lectured in the school of Horapollo , receiving an income from the state . He died c. 450 AD , at a time when his children , Ammonius and Heliodorus , were still small . Aedesia , however , continued to receive an income from the state , in order to raise the children , enabling them to become philosophers . A Commentary on the Phaedrus written by Hermias survives . It consists of notes based on the lectures conducted by Syrianus concerning Plato 's Phaedrus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14cbe4037d3d8a9a72447cf761b90cdf", "text": "Philip of Opus Philip ( or Philippus ) of Opus , was a philosopher and a member of the Academy during Plato 's lifetime . Philip was the editor of Plato 's Laws . Philip of Opus is probably identical with the Philip of Medma ( or Mende ) , the astronomer , who is also described as a disciple of Plato .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb49d371db65e52247b72ec5a0cd3ce0", "text": "Philiscus of Aegina Philiscus of Aegina ( Φιλίσκος Αἰγινήτης 4th century BC ) was a Cynic philosopher from Aegina who lived in the latter half of the 4th century BC . He was the son of Onesicritus who sent Philiscus and his younger brother , Androsthenes , to Athens where they were so charmed by the philosophy of Diogenes of Sinope that Onesicritus also came to Athens and became his disciple . According to Hermippus of Smyrna , Philiscus was the pupil of Stilpo . He is also described as an associate of Phocion . The Suda claims that he was a teacher of Alexander the Great , but no other ancient writer mentions this . Aelian , though , has preserved a short exhortation by Philiscus addressed to Alexander : Take care of your reputation ; do n't become a plague or a great disaster , bring peace and health . The Suda mentions that Philiscus wrote dialogues including one called Codrus . Satyrus claimed that the tragedies ascribed to Diogenes were , in fact , written by Philiscus . Among the dialogues ascribed to Diogenes by Sotion , one is entitled Philiscus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "820315141a287d7d4c404d722c6b7c54", "text": "A History of Philosophy (Copleston) A History of Philosophy is an eleven-volume history of Western philosophy written by English Jesuit priest Frederick Charles Copleston . Copleston 's History provides extensive coverage of Western philosophy from the Pre-Socratics through Dewey , Russell , Moore , Sartre and Merleau-Ponty . The first nine volumes , originally published between 1946 and 1974 , were written for Catholic seminary students with the goal `` of supplying Catholic ecclesiastical seminaries with a work that should be somewhat more detailed and of wider scope than the textbooks , commonly in use , and which at the same time should endeavour to exhibit the logical development and interconnection of philosophical systems . '' A tenth volume was added in 1986 , and the eleventh is actually a collection of essays which appeared in 1956 as Contemporary Philosophy . Throughout the eleven volumes Copleston 's Roman Catholic ( Thomist ) point of view is never hidden . All the same , it seems generally accepted that Copleston 's treatment is fair and complete , even for philosophical positions that he does not support .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd0b095df92e1dbbd024dcbb282dbb8c", "text": "Philonides (physician) Philonides was the name of two physicians in the time of Ancient Greece and Rome : A physician of Catana in Sicily , the tutor of Paccius Antiochus , who lived about the beginning of the 1st century . He is probably the physician who is quoted by Dioscorides , and said by him to have been a native of Enna in Sicily ; by Erotianus ; and also by Galen , who refers to his eighteenth book , Περὶ Ἰατρικῆς , De Medicina . A physician of Dyrrachium in Illyricum , who was a pupil of Asclepiades of Bithynia in the 1st century BC , practised in his own country with some reputation , and wrote as many as 45 books . One of these physicians wrote a work , Περὶ μύρων καὶ Στεφάνων , De Unguentis et Coronis , which is quoted by Athenaeus , and one on Pharmacy quoted by Andromachus , and by Marcellus Empiricus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e66b9bf9187aa545f9af58c59259a15b", "text": "Clearchus The name Clearchus or Clearch may refer to : Clearchus of Athens , Greek comic poet Clearchus of Heraclea ( c. 401 BCE -- 353 BCE ) , Greek tyrant of Heraclea Pontica Clearchus of Rhegium , Greek sculptor , pupil of Eucheirus , teacher of Pythagoras the sculptor ( fl . 5th century BCE ) Clearchus of Soli ( 4th -- 3rd century BCE ) , Greek author and philosopher , pupil of Aristotle Clearchus of Sparta ( c. 450 BCE -- 401 BCE ) , Greek general , son of Rhampias Clearchus ( consul 384 ) , Roman consul in 384 CE", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8574a6d62bf9f42bd38168b28ac280f", "text": "Jason of Nysa Jason ( Ἰάσων , Iason ; 1st-century BC ) of Nysa , a Stoic philosopher , son of Menecrates , and , on his mother 's side , grandson of Posidonius , of whom also he was the disciple and successor at the Stoic school at Rhodes . He therefore flourished after the middle of the 1st century BC . The Suda lists four works of his : Βίοι ἐνδόξων - Famous Lives Φιλοσόφων διαδοχαί - Successions of Philosophers Βίος Ἑλλάδος - Life of Greece , in 4 books Περὶ Ῥόδου - On Rhodes However , the Suda expresses doubt about whether the third book is his , and also credits Jason of Argos as having written a Life of Greece in 4 books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35dca421949e4ecdf8676199de724c77", "text": "List of writers influenced by Aristotle Many philosophers and other writers have been significantly influenced by Aristotle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eae41a71d6f2c15feed0f8ffae08e1c", "text": "Intellectual An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking , research , and reflection about the reality of society , and proposes solutions for the normative problems of society , and thus he or she gains authority as a public intellectual . Coming from the world of culture , either as a creator or as a mediator , the intellectual participates in politics , either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice , usually by producing or by extending an ideology , and by defending a system of values .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a04dbe1b16726b0a208639c5b63068da", "text": "Ioannis Theodorakopoulos Ioannis Theodorakopoulos ( Ἰωάννης Θεοδωρακόπουλος 28 February 1900 , Vassaras , Lakonia -- 20 February 1981 , Athens ) was a Greek philosopher . In 1920 Theodorakopoulos moved to Vienna to study Classical Philology and Philosophy . Subsequently , he continued his studies of philosophy in Heidelberg and received in 1925 his Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Heidelberg . In 1929 , together with professors Konstantinos Tsatsos and Panagiotis Kanellopoulos , Theodorakopoulos established the `` Archive of Philosophy and Theory of Science '' and was appointed as professor at the newly established University of Thessaloniki ( 1933 -- 1939 ) , and at the University of Athens ( 1939 -- 1968 ) . Since 1950 , and throughout these appointments , Theodorakopoulos also taught at the School of Political Science of Panteios University . He served twice as Minister of National Education and Religious Affairs under the brief premiership of Kanellopoulos in 1945 and the interim cabinet of Ioannis Paraskevopoulos in 1966 . In 1960 he became a regular member of the Academy of Athens , serving as its President in 1963 and Secretary General 1966-1981 . In 1975 he established the Liberal School of Philosophy `` Plethon '' in his home town of Magoula-Sparta in Lakonia , organising international conferences and symposia . These highly successful events drew participants from all over Greece and Theodorakopoulos himself taught a series of seminars up to his death . Theodorakopoulos was published widely including 53 books and copious articles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d899b4f001d7f37db954d2ca3f1c6df0", "text": "Gareth Matthews Gareth Matthews ( July 8 , 1929 -- April 17 , 2011 ) was a renowned American philosopher who specialized in ancient philosophy , and the philosophy of children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f6cb7cf3618c166efa12b0fcbe3d901", "text": "Personal relationships of Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon was admired during his lifetime for treating all his lovers humanely . Plutarch has argued that Alexander 's love of males took an ethical approach , inspired by the teachings of his mentor , Aristotle . He gives several examples of Alexander 's morality in this domain : Plutarch also wrote : His moral approach towards sexual relations also extended to relations with prisoners of war : The above quotations would be in line with the thoughts laid about before him by Aristotle , who regarded relationships based purely on carnal relations to be shameful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b680ee460177234ab257e0c7f0eac546", "text": "Sage (philosophy) A sage ( σοφός , sophos ) , in classical philosophy , is someone who has attained the wisdom which a philosopher seeks . The first to make this distinction is Plato , through the character of Socrates , within the Symposium . While analyzing the concept of love , Socrates concludes Love is that which lacks the object it seeks . Therefore , the philosopher ( φιλόσοφος , meaning lover of wisdom ) does not have the wisdom sought , while the sage , on the other hand , does not love or seek wisdom , for it is already possessed . Socrates then examines the two categories of persons who do not partake in philosophy : Gods and sages , because they are wise ; Senseless people , because they think they are wise . The position of the philosopher is between these two groups . The philosopher is not wise , but possesses the self-awareness of lacking wisdom , and thus pursues it . Alternatively , the sage is one who lives `` according to an ideal which transcends the everyday . '' Plato is also the first to develop this notion of the sage in various works . Within The Republic , Plato indicates that when a friend of a sage dies , the sage `` will not think that for a good man ... death is a terrible thing . '' In the Theaetetus , Plato defines the sage as one who becomes `` righteous and holy and wise . '' , and is thus God-like in his nature . The term has also been used interchangeably with a ` good person ' ( ἀγαθός , agathos ) , and a ` virtuous person ' ( σπουδαίος , spoudaios ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7becbb9b7554a4d6bd57cce1a896347b", "text": "Theophrastus Theophrastus ( -LSB- ˌθiːəˈfræstəs -RSB- Θεόφραστος Theόphrastos ; c. 371 -- c. 287 BC ) , a Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos , was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school . He came to Athens at a young age and initially studied in Plato 's school . After Plato 's death , he attached himself to Aristotle who took to Theophrastus his writings . When Aristotle fled Athens , Theophrastus took over as at the Lyceum . Theophrastus presided over the Peripatetic school for thirty-six years , during which time the school flourished greatly . He is often considered the `` father of botany '' for his works on plants . After his death , the Athenians honoured him with a public funeral . His successor as head of the school was Strato of Lampsacus . The interests of Theophrastus were wide ranging , extending from biology and physics to ethics and metaphysics . His two surviving botanical works , Enquiry into Plants ( Historia Plantarum ) and On the Causes of Plants , were an important influence on Renaissance science . There are also surviving works On Moral Characters , On Sensation , On Stones , and fragments on Physics and Metaphysics . In philosophy , he studied grammar and language and continued Aristotle 's work on logic . He also regarded space as the mere arrangement and position of bodies , time as an accident of motion , and motion as a necessary consequence of all activity . In ethics , he regarded happiness as depending on external influences as well as on virtue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03088ef7e5af4463cc89bcbd2b3b21f9", "text": "Hippias Hippias of Elis ( -LSB- ˈhɪpiəs -RSB- Ἱππίας ὁ Ἠλεῖος late 5th century BC ) was a Greek sophist , and a contemporary of Socrates . With an assurance characteristic of the later sophists , he claimed to be regarded as an authority on all subjects , and lectured on poetry , grammar , history , politics , mathematics , and much else . Most of our knowledge of him is derived from Plato , who characterizes him as vain and arrogant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30a0b4aec3866ae2f1d8abd816a00a54", "text": "Memorabilia (Xenophon) Memorabilia ( original title in Greek : Ἀπομνημονεύματα , Apomnemoneumata ) is a collection of Socratic dialogues by Xenophon , a student of Socrates . The lengthiest and most famous of Xenophon 's Socratic writings , the Memorabilia is essentially an apologia ( defense ) of Socrates , differing from both Xenophon 's Apology of Socrates to the Jury and Plato 's Apology mainly in that the Apologies present Socrates as defending himself before the jury , whereas the former presents Xenophon 's own defense of Socrates , offering edifying examples of Socrates ' conversations and activities along with occasional commentary from Xenophon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ce44f1d73c2c6e18d1b1a37f8819ecc", "text": "Porphyry (philosopher) Porphyry of Tyre ( -LSB- ˈpɔrfəri -RSB- Πορφύριος , Porphýrios ; فرفوريوس , Furfūriyūs ; c. 234 -- c. 305 AD ) was a Neoplatonic philosopher who was born in Tyre , in the Roman Empire . He edited and published the Enneads , the only collection of the work of his teacher Plotinus . His commentary on Euclid 's Elements was used as a source by Pappus of Alexandria . He also wrote many works himself on a wide variety of topics . His Isagoge , or Introduction , is an introduction to logic and philosophy , and in the Latin and Arabic translations it was the standard textbook on logic throughout the Middle Ages . In addition , through several of his works , most notably Philosophy from Oracles and Against the Christians , which was banned by emperor Constantine the Great , he was involved in a controversy with a number of early Christians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c3c904c43b7a5dfd21e27f9c61e7d53", "text": "Athenodoros Cordylion Athenodoros Cordylion ( or Athenodorus , Αθηνόδωρος Κορδυλίων fl . early-mid 1st century BC ) was a Stoic philosopher , born in Tarsus . He was the keeper of the library at Pergamon , where he was known to cut out passages from books on Stoic philosophy if he disagreed with them : In his old age , Athenodorus relocated to Rome , where he lived with Cato the Younger until his death .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b331f2e16b7a944714076d90954ee0b6	Paul Simon has an honorary degree from the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world.	[ { "docid": "719fa37fd10f966ff235afae7b515e15", "text": "Berklee College of Music Berklee College of Music , located in Boston , Massachusetts , United States , is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world . Known for the study of jazz and modern American music , it also offers college-level courses in a wide range of contemporary and historic styles , including rock , flamenco , hip hop , reggae , salsa , and bluegrass . Since 2012 , Berklee College of Music has also operated a campus in Valencia , Spain . In December 2015 , Berklee College of Music and the Boston Conservatory agreed to a merger . The combined institution will be known as `` Berklee '' , with the conservatory becoming `` The Boston Conservatory at Berklee '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32b31296854b47a90b4ae935fbbdeb55", "text": "Paul Simon Paul Frederic Simon ( born October 13 , 1941 ) is an American musician , singer-songwriter and actor . Simon 's fame , influence , and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel , formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel . Simon wrote nearly all of the pair 's songs , including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts : `` The Sound of Silence '' , `` Mrs. Robinson '' , and `` Bridge over Troubled Water '' . The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo career as a guitarist and singer-songwriter , recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years . In 1986 , he released Graceland , an album inspired by South African township music , which sold 14 million copies worldwide on its release and remains his most popular solo work . Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony ( 1980 ) and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman ( 1998 ) with the poet Derek Walcott . On June 3 , 2016 , Simon released his 13th solo album , titled Stranger to Stranger , which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts . Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work , including three for Album of the Year ( Bridge Over Troubled Water , Still Crazy After All These Years , Graceland ) , and a Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the `` 100 People Who Shaped the World '' by Time magazine . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists . In 2015 , he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone . Among many other honors , Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress 's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007 . In 1986 , Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music , where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fdb493109991c9994c08823deca2497a", "text": "Simon Business School Simon Business School ( formerly known as the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration ) is the business school of the University of Rochester . It is located on the University 's River Campus in Rochester , New York . It was renamed after William E. Simon ( 1927 -- 2000 ) , the 63rd United States Secretary of the Treasury , in 1986 . The school 's present dean is Andrew Ainslie . Simon Business School offers full-time , part-time , and executive ( based in either Rochester or Switzerland ) Master of Business Administration ( M.B.A. ) Programs , as well as Master of Science ( M.S. ) Programs . The school is home to substantial academic research enterprises and to a Ph.D. . Program in several business disciplines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae161f581e66a8ece4ad2adc8cbccef4", "text": "École de musique Vincent-d'Indy L'école de musique Vincent-d'Indy is a subsidized private music college situated in Montreal , Quebec , Canada in the Outremont district , that specializes in music education .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e1edf7301a180c4420db9b02d747810", "text": "Pacifica Quartet The Pacifica Quartet is a professional string quartet based in Bloomington , Indiana . Its members are : Simin Ganatra , first violin ; Sibbi Bernhardsson , second violin ; Masumi Per Rostad , viola ; and Brandon Vamos , cello . Formed in 1994 , the group has won prizes in competitions such as the 1996 Coleman Chamber Music Competition , the 1997 Concert Artists Guild Competition , and the 1998 Naumburg Chamber Music Competition . It also received Chamber Music America 's prestigious Cleveland Quartet Award in 2002 , the Avery Fisher Career Grant in 2006 , and was named `` Ensemble of the Year '' by Musical America in 2009 . The Pacifica Quartet tours throughout the Americas , Europe , and Asia . The ensemble is known for its traversal of the complete string cycles of a single composer , and in recent years have toured and recorded the quartets of Elliott Carter , Mendelssohn , Beethoven and Shostakovich . Currently the ensemble serves as Quartet-in-Residence and full-time faculty at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University in Bloomington . The members of the Pacifica Quartet are also Resident Performing Artists at the University of Chicago and were previously the Quartet-in-Residence at the University of Illinois School of Music from 2003-2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d05ce5a9be29373d34896ac9bdd1da04", "text": "Twin Cities Hot Summer Jazz Festival The Twin Cities Jazz Festival is one of the largest free civic events in the upper Midwest , attracting upwards of 30,000 people . Founded in 1999 by festival promoter Steve Heckler , The main events of the festival are held at Mears Park in St. Paul in the Lowertown neighborhood . The festival closes several blocks and has utilized clubs such as the Bulldog , Hat Trick , Black Dog , Station 4 , Artists ' Quarter , Union Depot , Amsterdam , Heartland , Bedlam , SW Craft Bar , and more . For the first time in 2015 , the festival will present music at the newly opened CHS Field with Jack Brass Band opening for headliner Dr. John . In addition , Media partners have included Jazz 88 radio ( broadcasting live locally and streaming live on the internet internationally ) , WCCO-TV , The Rake , City Pages , Jazz Police , La Prenza and MPLS-St . Paul Magazine . The festival has also received extensive coverage in the Star Tribune , St. Paul Pioneer Press , The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder and Skyway News . Festival performers have included : Joe Lovano , Chick Corea , Esperanza Spalding , Return to Forever , Dave Brubeck , Clark Terry , Monty Alexander , Gary Burton , Deodato , The Bad Plus with Joshua Redman , Danilo Pérez , Branford Marsalis , David `` Fathead '' Newman , Eric Alexander , Jimmy McGriff , Red Holloway , Jack McDuff , Joey DeFrancesco , Benny Golson , Dr. Lonnie Smith , Dewey Redman , Lew Tabackin , Bettye LaVette , Ira Sullivan , Spyro Gyra , Bernard Purdie , Melvin Rhyne , Ben Sidran , Von Freeman , Frank Morgan , Mose Allison , Butch Thompson , Bill Evans , Chris Michalek , Alicia Renee , Heatin ' System , Howard Levy , Debbie Duncan , Big Walter Smith , Percy Strother , Tiger Okoshi , Peter Schimke , Yellowjackets , Kristin Korb , Hiromi , Phil Hey Quartet , Duke Ellington Orchestra , Henry Johnson 's Organ Express , Nachito Herrera , Salsa del Soul , Bobby Sanabria , George Avaloz , Barbara Morrison , US Air Force Falconaires , Norman Simmons , David Young , Jon Weber , Jerry Weldon , Tony Monaco , Atlantis Quartet , and MN Big Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25e74c5b47d97ae0b858731a470b8bef", "text": "Spring Garden College Spring Garden College , established as the Spring Garden Institute in 1851 , was a private technical college founded in Spring Garden , Pennsylvania ( now a part of Philadelphia ) . Its building at 523-25 North Broad Street was designed by architect Stephen Decatur Button . The Broad Street building housed the institute until 1969 , when the school moved to 102 East Mermaid Lane , was renamed `` Spring Garden College '' and bachelor 's degree programs were offered for the first time . In 1985 the college moved to 7500 Germantown Avenue in nearby Mt. Airy and then closed in the early 1990s . Prior to its closing , Spring Garden was regionally accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools . Additionally , the Baccalaureate Degree programs in Computer Engineering Technology , Electronics engineering technology , and Mechanical Engineering Technology were accredited by the Technology Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology ( ABET ) . On April 4 , 2014 , the academic records of Spring Garden College were transferred to the Automotive Training Center ( ATC ) campus in Warminster , Pennsylvania . ATC was founded in 1917 as a program of Spring Garden Institute , and separated from Spring Garden College in the 1990s . As of October 2015 , copies of transcripts may be obtained by mailing a request ( along with a check for $ 10 to ATC , dates of attendance , the student 's full name at the time of attendance , and the last four digits of the student 's social security number ) to : AUTOMOTIVE TRAINING CENTER 900 JOHNSVILLE BLVD WARMINSTER PA 18974 ATTN : Donna Ubele/Executive Director of Financial Aid", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55c59b4336c040b9fe51eecfc9952a76", "text": "Cleveland Quartet The Cleveland Quartet is a string quartet founded in 1969 by violinist Donald Weilerstein , at the time an instructor at the Cleveland Institute of Music , whose director Victor Babin had secured funding for an in-resident quartet ( the institute 's first ) to be headed by Weilerstein . Weilerstein formed the group that summer at the Marlboro Music School and Festival with violinist Peter Salaff , violist Martha Strongin Katz , and cellist Paul Katz . The group was initially called the `` New Cleveland Quartet . '' In 1971 , the group left the Cleveland Institute because of disagreements over teaching loads and took up residency at the University at Buffalo , The State University of New York ; they dropped the word `` New '' from their name at this time . In 1976 they made their final change of residency , moving to the Eastman School of Music in Rochester , New York . The quartet had three personnel changes : violist Atar Arad replaced Strongin Katz in 1980 ; violist James Dunham then replaced Arad in 1987 ; and William Preucil replaced Weilerstein as first violin in 1989 . The quartet disbanded in 1995 . Preucil became concertmaster of the Cleveland Orchestra , a position he still holds . Paul Katz , Martha Strongin Katz and Donald Weilerstein are on the faculty of the New England Conservatory of Music , and Weilerstein performs in a trio with his wife Vivian Hornik Weilerstein and his daughter , cellist Alisa Weilerstein ; Peter Salaff is on the faculty of the Cleveland Institute of Music ; Atar Arad teaches at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University ; and James Dunham teaches at the Shepherd School of Music at Rice University . The quartet has an extensive discography with RCA Red Seal and the Cleveland-based Telarc label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfec10062aef07845fccb69dec3ca5b5", "text": "Jerusalem University College Jerusalem University College , founded in 1957 and formerly known as the American Institute of Holy Land Studies , is an independent undergraduate and graduate academic institution in Israel used by a consortium of 85 North American theological seminaries and Christian colleges and universities , as well as schools from Africa and Asia . Students from non-consortium schools , including Christian and secular Universities , who meet the entrance requirements also attend . JUC has an independent two-year graduate program of courses leading to the degrees of Master of Arts in Biblical History , Geography , Middle Eastern Cultures and Religions . For consortium students , it offers a graduate or undergraduate semester or year abroad ( in Israel ) , as well as shorter two and three week courses . The school 's curriculum falls `` within the framework of the conservative evangelical Christian thought as represented by the members schools of the consortium , '' -- these schools include a wide range of Protestant traditions . JUC is accredited by the Asian Theological Association ( ATA ) and is an international affiliate of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities The campus is located on Mount Zion outside the Old City of Jerusalem near the Jaffa Gate and overlooks the Hinnom Valley ( Valley of Gehenna ) . Since 1967 , the school 's campus has been the grounds of the Bishop Gobat School ( est. 1847 by Samuel Gobat ) , which moved in 1853 in the building erected on unused reserve land of the Protestant Mount Zion Cemetery . The cemetery is only reached through the campus . The company that operates Jerusalem University College has an office in Rockford , Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faddac1bbe9a45fb1189f64a8fc23992", "text": "Chester College of New England Chester College of New England was a bachelor 's degree-granting college that provided a foundation in the liberal arts and the fine arts , complemented by majors in the professional arts . It opened in 1965 as White Pines College and closed at the end of the 2011-2012 academic year for financial reasons . Located in Chester , New Hampshire , the college offered degree programs in creative writing , professional writing , photography and media arts , graphic design , computer science , fine arts , communication arts and interdisciplinary arts . Chester College also offered minor programs in creative writing , illustration , photojournalism , and writing . The college featured a student-to-faculty ratio of 10:1 , artist-in-residence programs , and a program of guest lectures , exhibitions , art and photography exhibits , internships , and relationships with professional associations . In April 2012 the college disclosed an operating deficit . Despite fundraising efforts , in May 2012 , the college 's Board of Trustees announced that they had voted to close the college .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6523705adbbac4d2ab088dc66d6a7c1b", "text": "Marcel Simon Marcel Simon ( 10 April 1907 in Strasbourg -- 26 October 1986 ) was a French specialist in the history of religions , particularly relations between Christianity and Judaism in antiquity . Simon received an honorary doctorate by the Faculty of Theology at Uppsala University in 1980 . His major work , Verus Israel , was published in 1948 ; it has been described as ` seminal ' . He was closely associated with Henri Marrou , appreciating his layman 's approach to Vatican II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fff4573eba98de1e9a4aa8b732d5f524", "text": "Wolfson College, Oxford Wolfson College -LSB- ˈwʊlfsən -RSB- is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . Located in north Oxford along the River Cherwell , Wolfson is an all-graduate college with over sixty governing body fellows , in addition to both research and junior research fellows . It caters to a wide range of subjects , from the humanities to the social and natural sciences . The college is also Oxford University 's most international and interdisciplinary graduate college , with students from 75 nationalities enrolled in masters and doctoral programs . The liberal philosopher Sir Isaiah Berlin was the college 's first president , and was instrumental not only in its founding in 1965 , but establishing its tradition of academic excellence and egalitarianism . The college houses The Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust and the annual Isaiah Berlin Lecture . The current president of Wolfson College is Dame Hermione Lee , to be succeeded in Summer 2018 by Tim Hitchens . As of 2006 , the college had a financial endowment of # 33.5 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628e4a781cfa3182b2cbba12e7c55943", "text": "World College West World College West was an undergraduate liberal arts college in Marin County , California . Founded by Dr. Richard M. Gray , it offered a program that integrated a grounding in the liberal arts with work-study and a required two-quarter `` World Study '' in a developing country . It opened with its first seven students on September 17 , 1973 . Fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , World College West had programs in International Service and Development ( ISD ) , International Environmental Studies ( IES ) , Art and Society ( AS ) , and Meaning , Culture , and Change ( MCC ) . In later years , Business and International Business was added to the program line-up . ISD focused on the economic , political , and social development of `` Third World '' nations ; IES concentrated on the wise use and global conservation of natural resources ; AS examined the relationship between culture and the performing and visual arts ; and MCC focused on the variety of ways in which the world 's diverse cultures , through their systems of religion , philosophy , and tradition , give meaning and purpose to human life , and to the world around us . The college 's World Study Programs were established in China , Mexico , Nepal , India , Ghana , and Russia . Students could spend two quarters ( or six months ) studying in both an urban and rural setting in one of these countries . During the urban stay , students lived with a host family and attended regularly scheduled language , culture , and history classes . During the rural stay , students again lived with host families and conducted independent research studies while continuing to learn the country 's language . The college placed a special emphasis on work-study and internships , because the founders of the college believed that learning occurred best through `` disciplined reflection on experience '' . Once an area of study was selected , students were required to complete 480 internship hours in their field of study as part of their graduation requirement . During its first few years , the College leased space on the campus of the San Francisco Theological Seminary in San Anselmo , followed by several years in surplus army barracks at Fort Cronkhite on the Pacific Ocean . In the early 1980s the college moved to a permanent campus off U.S. Highway 101 in the rolling hills of northern Marin County , between Novato and Petaluma ( now the home of the Institute of Noetic Sciences ) . World College West closed due to inadequate funding in Fall of 1992 , the result of difficulties in succession after its founding president retired . The spirit of WCW lives on in Dick Gray 's successor institution Presidio World College . The hundreds of WCW alumni call themselves `` Westies '' . Category : Defunct universities and colleges in California Category : Educational institutions established in 1973 Category : Educational institutions disestablished in 1992 Category : Liberal arts colleges Category : Universities and colleges in Marin County , California Category :1973 establishments in California Category :1992 disestablishments in California", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e91ccc707d888c04ada67b72853b0cbd", "text": "Earlham College Earlham College is a private , liberal arts college in Richmond , Indiana . Established in 1847 by the Religious Society of Friends ( Quakers ) , Earlham welcomes students of all faiths and offers an education rooted in such Quaker values as integrity , a commitment to peace and social justice , mutual respect and community decision-making . Earlham is ranked 29th ( 98th percentile ) among 1,533 U.S. institutions of higher learning in the percentage of graduates who go on to receive Ph.D. s , and is 10th ( 99th percentile ) in producing Ph.D. s in the biological sciences and 14th ( 99th percentile ) in the life sciences . In 2016 , Earlham ranked number 61 among national liberal arts colleges by U.S. News & World Report . Forbes Magazine in 2016 ranked Earlham at 106 in private colleges and 82 in `` grateful grads . '' Forbes gave Earlham an A + financial rating . Earlham is member of the Colleges That Change Lives . Nearly half of Earlham alumni graduating in the last 10 years enrolled in graduate or professional school , including institutions such as Harvard Medical School , University of Pennsylvania , Columbia University , Washington University of St. Louis and the University of Oxford in England . Earlham is primarily a residential undergraduate college , but also offers a Master of Arts in Teaching , which provides a route for teacher licensure to students with liberal arts undergraduate degrees . There is also an affiliated graduate seminary , the Earlham School of Religion , which offers three master 's degrees : a Master of Divinity , Master of Ministry , and Master of Arts in Religion . Earlham College is listed in Loren Pope 's book , Colleges That Change Lives , and has produced two Nobel laureates ( both in chemistry ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "236f16fa6a4b6b8146e499a7a4798925", "text": "American Musical Instrument Society The American Musical Instrument Society ( AMIS ) was formed in 1971 `` to promote study of the history , design , and use of musical instruments in all cultures and from all periods '' ( the branch of musicology known as organology ) . Based in the United States , it publishes a journal and a newsletter , holds annual conferences ( occasionally in conjunction with the Galpin Society ) , maintains an active website and e-mail forum , and presents five awards . The society 's international membership includes collectors , curators , historians , performers , instrument makers , conservators , restorers , dealers , teachers , and students . The Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society , ( ISSN 0362-3300 ) published annually , contains three to six articles , generously illustrated , on a wide range of subjects ; book reviews ; a list of recent publications about musical instruments ; and notices and advertisements . Articles published have been reviewed by expert members of the journal 's editorial board . Copies of the journal are available in institutional libraries on four continents ; its contents may be accessed on ProQuest , an online source . An index to back issues is available at the AMIS website . The Newsletter of the American Musical Instrument Society , published twice a year , contains official notices and news of the society 's activities ; short articles , reviews and communications ; recent acquisition lists from member institutions ; news of members , and classified ads . Current and recent issues are archived on the AMIS web site . AMIS-L is a Listserv e-mail forum for AMIS members and designated others . It was established following the international joint conference of AMIS , the Galpin Society , and CIMCIM at the National Music Museum in Vermillion , South Dakota , in May 2006 , to facilitate continuing informal communications among members . The Curt Sachs Award , named for a founder of the modern systematic study of musical instruments , is given for lifetime contributions to the goals of the society . The recipient is invited to address members of AMIS at the society 's annual meeting . Past recipients of this and other awards are listed on the society 's web site . In 2008 William Waterhouse received the award posthumously . The Nicholas Bessaraboff Prize , named for the scholar who helped lay the foundations of modern organology with his monumental catalog Ancient European Musical Instruments , is awarded for best book-length publication in English . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 500 , was first given in 1989 and was awarded every second year thereafter to 2009 , when it became an annual award . The Frances Densmore Prize , named for the pioneering ethnographer who recorded musical practices of Native Americans on hundreds of wax cylinders and in important books , is awarded for the most significant article-length publication in English . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 500 , was first given in 1988 and was awarded every second year thereafter to 2009 , when it became an annual award . The Frederick Selch Award , named for an important collector of American musical instruments who was a founding member and second president of AMIS , was established in 2004 to honor the best student paper presented at an annual meeting of AMIS . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 250 , is awarded at the discretion of a committee appointed by the AMIS president . The William E. Gribbon Memorial Award , named for a woodwind collector and longtime AMIS member , was established in 1989 to encourage and enable students to attend the annual meetings of AMIS . The award consists of a student membership in AMIS for one year and substantial financial support for travel and lodging . Applicants must be aged thirty-five years or under , be enrolled as full-time undergraduate or graduate students in accredited academic programs , and have career interests that relate to the purposes of AMIS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "397c2c81a7dde74ecd4488f09ba64c09", "text": "Joe Simon (musician) Joe Simon ( born September 2 , 1943 ) is an American chart-topping , Grammy Award winning , soul and R&B musician . A consistent presence on the US charts between 1964 and 1981 , Simon charted 51 U.S. Pop and R&B chart Hits between 1964 and 1981 , including eight times in the US top forty , and thirty-eight times in the top 40 of the US R&B charts , and 13 chart hits in Canada . His biggest hits included three number one entries on the US Billboard R&B chart : `` The Chokin ' Kind '' ( 1969 ) , `` Power Of Love '' ( 1972 ) , and `` Get Down , Get Down ( Get on the Floor ) '' ( 1975 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "420181c102249635ac2ea219df063f9a", "text": "Homeward Bound (song) `` Homeward Bound '' is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel from their third studio album , Parsley , Sage , Rosemary and Thyme ( 1966 ) , although it was recorded during the sessions for their second album Sounds of Silence and included on that album in the UK . Produced by Bob Johnston , the song was released as a single on January 19 , 1966 by Columbia Records . Written by Paul Simon , the song was composed in 1964 during his period in England . Away from his girlfriend , Kathy Chitty , while touring clubs , Simon felt depressed and homesick . He first penned the song on a scrap of paper at Widnes railway station . `` Homeward Bound '' was the duo 's second single , the follow-up to their enormously successful breakthrough hit `` The Sound of Silence '' . It performed very well domestically , peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 , remaining on the charts for 12 weeks . Internationally , the song performed best in Canada , where it hit number two ; it was also a top five hit in the Netherlands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7be1677cfc5ee9c9fc9e4adc08d94a6", "text": "Arts Horizons Arts Horizons is a not-for-profit arts-in-education organization that provides live professional performances and artist-in-residence programs to students and professional development for teachers throughout New York , New Jersey and Connecticut . Arts Horizons ' mission is `` to foster development of the whole person and to improve education by delivering quality arts programs and activities to schools and communities . '' The organization was founded in 1978 by John Devol under the name `` Festival of Music . '' In 1995 , the organization changed its title to `` Arts Horizons '' . Arts Horizons has , since its founding , presented programs to over eight million students , teachers and community members . In 2008 Arts Horizons created the Paul Newman Award for Services to Arts and Children . The award is bestowed to individuals who have exhibited outstanding contributions to arts education . Also in 2008 , LeRoy Neiman donated $ 1 million to the organization to open its first permanent youth arts center in Harlem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867deb9fa694662bf52a5a57e77fb206", "text": "Union College Union College is a private , non-denominational liberal arts college located in Schenectady , New York , United States . Founded in 1795 , it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents . In the 19th century , it became the `` Mother of Fraternities '' , as three of the earliest such organizations were established there . After 175 years as a traditional all-male institution , Union College began enrolling women in 1970 . The college offers a liberal arts curriculum across some 21 academic departments , as well as opportunities for interdepartmental majors and self-designed organizing theme majors . In common with most liberal arts colleges , Union offers a wide array of courses in arts , sciences , literature , and foreign languages , but , in common with only a few other liberal arts colleges , Union also offers ABET-accredited undergraduate degrees in computer engineering , bioengineering , electrical engineering , and mechanical engineering . Approximately 25 % of students major in the social sciences ; 10 % in psychology ; 11 % in engineering ; 10 % in biology ; 9 % in history ; and 10 % in the humanities ; while some 5 % design their own majors . By the time they graduate , about 60 % of Union students will have engaged in some form of international study or study abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc1e4bd5b1d97311a50f0a6e7a852fce", "text": "Paul Clark (Christian musician) Paul Clark is a musician who was involved in the Jesus music movement and early contemporary Christian music industry . He was born in Kansas City and recorded his first album in 1971 , Songs from the Saviour Vol 1 . Its songs became one of the first signs of the growing `` Jesus Movement '' of the early 70s . He went on to record a further albums including Songs From The Savior - Volume Two , Come Into His Presence and Good To Be Home with Paul Clark and Friends ( including Phil Keaggy , Jay Truax , John Mehler , Bill speer , Mike Burhart , and more ) , then launched the well received , award-winning 1977 album Hand to the Plow . In 1978 he followed up with Change in the Wind and in 1980 with Aim for the Heart . These three albums had some jazz influences and were well-produced in the context of other Christian music of the time . Aim for the Heart featured Abraham Laboriel on bass along with Harlan Rogers , Hadley Hockensmith and Bill Maxwell and was certainly jazz influenced . Those four went on to become members of Koinonia jazz band from 1982 till about 1990 . Clark is recognized as one of the founding fathers of the Jesus Movement and the contemporary Christian music industry . During his 13-year association with Word Records in the 1970s and 1980s , Clark 's songwriting , record producing and performances placed him in the forefront along with artists like Phil Keaggy , 2nd Chapter of Acts , Love Song , Larry Norman , Andraé Crouch , Honeytree , Keith Green , Randy Stonehill , Barry McGuire , and many notable others . He is also interested in fine art photography and entering 2010 is currently working on two new CD projects and releasing two books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "484f7e632ab4e11c0c24456103b8c932", "text": "Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education The Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education is a merchant marine educational facility in Piney Point , Maryland which is affiliated with the Seafarers International Union . Founded in 1967 in Brooklyn , New York as the `` The Seafarers ' Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship '' , the Paul Hall Center is the largest training facility for deep sea merchant seafarers and inland waterways boatmen in the United States . The school was moved to the 60 acre plot at the confluence of the Potomac River and St. George 's Creek at the Piney Point location in 1991 , and at the same time renamed after former SIU president Paul Hall . According to SIU , `` Tens of thousands of rated and licensed seamen have completed upgrading classes at the training center . Additionally , more than 21,000 men and women from every state in the U.S. , Puerto Rico and several U.S. territories have graduated from the trainee program for those just beginning their maritime careers . '' The center features a number of buildings , including : the Joseph Sacco Fire Fighting and Safety School , the Seafarers Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship , the Thomas B. Crowley Sr. . Education Center , and the Paul Hall Library and Maritime Museum . The Romeo Lupinacci Culinary lab Prior to the opening of the Paul Hall Center , SIU maintained training facilities at five different ports . In 1966 , the union bought the Piney Point site . The program grew to include other offerings , such as a reading skills program , a high-school equivalency program , an adult basic skills program , and English as a Second Language program . In 1978 , SIU entered into an arrangement with Charles County Community College of Maryland which allows participants to earn an Associates of Arts degree . In 1993 , the Maryland Higher Education Commission authorized the college program to change its degree award to an Associate of Applied Science degree and to a certificate program in Maritime Technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ef0d0bda38d2801a9f9695d9b981812", "text": "George Peabody Medal The George Peabody Medal , named in honour of George Peabody , is the highest honour bestowed by the Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University . The award , established in 1980 , honours individuals who have made exceptional contributions to music in America .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c1707d4303c595fe4f201619d22abe1b	Abraham Lincoln promoted rapid modernization.	[ { "docid": "88b52a28b609b249dc3dc42d1d3b6fde", "text": "Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( -LSB- ˈeɪbrəhæm_ˈlIŋkən -RSB- February 12 , 1809 -- April 15 , 1865 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865 . Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War -- its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral , constitutional , and political crisis . In doing so , he preserved the Union , paved the way to the abolition of slavery , strengthened the federal government , and modernized the economy . Born in Hodgenville , Kentucky , Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana . Largely self-educated , he became a lawyer in Illinois , a Whig Party leader , and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives , in which he served for eight years . Elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846 , Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks , tariffs , and railroads . Because he had originally agreed not to run for a second term in Congress , and because his opposition to the Mexican -- American War was unpopular among Illinois voters , Lincoln returned to Springfield and resumed his successful law practice . Reentering politics in 1854 , he became a leader in building the new Republican Party , which had a statewide majority in Illinois . In 1858 , while taking part in a series of highly publicized debates with his opponent and rival , Democrat Stephen A. Douglas , Lincoln spoke out against the expansion of slavery , but lost the U.S. Senate race to Douglas . In 1860 , Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination as a moderate from a swing state . Though he gained very little support in the slaveholding states of the South , he swept the North and was elected president in 1860 . Lincoln 's victory prompted seven southern slave states to form the Confederate States of America before he moved into the White House -- no compromise or reconciliation was found regarding slavery and secession . Subsequently , on April 12 , 1861 , a Confederate attack on Fort Sumter inspired the North to enthusiastically rally behind the Union . As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican Party , Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans , who demanded harsher treatment of the South , War Democrats , who called for more compromise , anti-war Democrats ( called Copperheads ) , who despised him , and irreconcilable secessionists , who plotted his assassination . Politically , Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other , by carefully planned political patronage , and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory . His Gettysburg Address became an iconic endorsement of the principles of nationalism , republicanism , equal rights , liberty , and democracy . Lincoln initially concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war . His primary goal was to reunite the nation . He suspended habeas corpus , leading to the controversial ex parte Merryman decision , and he averted potential British intervention in the war by defusing the Trent Affair in late 1861 . Lincoln closely supervised the war effort , especially the selection of top generals , including his most successful general , Ulysses S. Grant . He also made major decisions on Union war strategy , including a naval blockade that shut down the South 's normal trade , moves to take control of Kentucky and Tennessee , and using gunboats to gain control of the southern river system . Lincoln tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond ; each time a general failed , Lincoln substituted another , until finally Grant succeeded . As the war progressed , his complex moves toward ending slavery included the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 ; Lincoln used the U.S. Army to protect escaped slaves , encouraged the border states to outlaw slavery , and pushed through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , which permanently outlawed slavery . An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state , Lincoln reached out to the War Democrats and managed his own re-election campaign in the 1864 presidential election . Anticipating the war 's conclusion , Lincoln pushed a moderate view of Reconstruction , seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness . On April 14 , 1865 , five days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee , Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth , a Confederate sympathizer . Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U.S. presidents .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "847e8bd1d21523801f624b8dd4da567b", "text": "1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on January 23 , 1996 . The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton 's first term . This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements on the 1996 United States federal budget . President Clinton discussed the economy and declared that `` the era of big government is over , '' and continued , `` but we can not go back to the time when our citizens were left to fend for themselves . We must go forward as one America , one nation working together , to meet the challenges we face together . Self-reliance and teamwork are not opposing virtues -- we must have both . '' The president discussed welfare reform , the V-chip , education , community policing , crime and the environment . The president also discussed foreign relations and the federal budget . The Republican Party response was delivered by Senator Bob Dole of Kansas . He stated that '' -LSB- President Clinton -RSB- is the chief obstacle to a balanced budget and the balanced budget amendment ... . While the President 's words speak of change , his deeds are a contradiction . President Clinton claims to embrace the future while clinging to the policies of the past . '' Donna Shalala , the Secretary of Health and Human Services , served as the designated survivor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d837f920105393a8cbe2a455acd91fa", "text": "Technological unemployment Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs caused by technological change . Such change typically includes the introduction of labour-saving `` mechanical-muscle '' machines or more efficient `` mechanical-mind '' processes ( automation ) . Just as horses employed as prime movers were gradually made obsolete by the automobile , humans ' jobs have also been affected throughout modern history . Historical examples include artisan weavers reduced to poverty after the introduction of mechanised looms . During World War II , Alan Turing 's Bombe machine compressed and decoded thousands of man-years worth of encrypted data in a matter of hours . A contemporary example of technological unemployment is the displacement of retail cashiers by self-service tills . That technological change can cause short-term job losses is widely accepted . The view that it can lead to lasting increases in unemployment has long been controversial . Participants in the technological unemployment debates can be broadly divided into optimists and pessimists . Optimists agree that innovation may be disruptive to jobs in the short term , yet hold that various compensation effects ensure there is never a long-term negative impact on jobs . Whereas pessimists contend that at least in some circumstances , new technologies can lead to a lasting decline in the total number of workers in employment . The phrase `` technological unemployment '' was popularised by John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s . Yet the issue of machines displacing human labour has been discussed since at least Aristotle 's time . Prior to the 18th century both the elite and common people would generally take the pessimistic view on technological unemployment , at least in cases where the issue arose . Due to generally low unemployment in much of pre-modern history , the topic was rarely a prominent concern . In the 18th century fears over the impact of machinery on jobs intensified with the growth of mass unemployment , especially in Great Britain which was then at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution . Yet some economic thinkers began to argue against these fears , claiming that overall innovation would not have negative effects on jobs . These arguments were formalised in the early 19th century by the classical economists . During the second half of the 19th century , it became increasingly apparent that technological progress was benefiting all sections of society , including the working class . Concerns over the negative impact of innovation diminished . The term `` Luddite fallacy '' was coined to describe the thinking that innovation would have lasting harmful effects on employment . The view that technology is unlikely to lead to long term unemployment has been repeatedly challenged by a minority of economists . In the early 1800s these included Ricardo himself . There were dozens of economists warning about technological unemployment during brief intensifications of the debate that spiked in the 1930s and 1960s . Especially in Europe , there were further warnings in the closing two decades of the twentieth century , as commentators noted an enduring rise in unemployment suffered by many industrialised nations since the 1970s . Yet a clear majority of both professional economists and the interested general public held the optimistic view through most of the 20th century . In the second decade of the 21st century , a number of studies have been released suggesting that technological unemployment may be increasing worldwide . Further increases are forecast for the years to come . While many economists and commentators still argue such fears are unfounded , as was widely accepted for most of the previous two centuries , concern over technological unemployment is growing once again . A report in Wired in 2017 quotes knowledgeable people such as economist Gene Sperling and management professor Andrew McAfee on the idea that handling existing and impending job loss to automation is a `` significant issue '' . Regarding a recent claim by a political appointee that automation is not `` going to have any kind of big effect on the economy for the next 50 or 100 years , '' says McAfee , `` I do n't talk to anyone in the field who believes that . '' Innovations like Watson have the potential to render humans obsolete with the professional , white-collar , low-skilled , creative fields , and other `` mental jobs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44cb6574ba4bd4e9e664644a24d6612f", "text": "Lean Government Lean Government refers to the application of lean production ( also known as `` Lean '' ) principles and methods to both identify and then implement the most efficient , value added way to provide government services . Government agencies have found that when Lean is implemented , they see an improved understanding of how their own processes work , that it facilitates the quick identification and implementation of improvements and that it builds a culture of continuous improvement . Lean for government focuses on governing and serving citizens with respect and continuously improving service delivery by cutting out `` waste '' and `` inefficiency '' in processes ; this in turn will result in better services overall , engaged civil servants as well as more value for tax-supported programs and services . Generally , proponents also see that a Lean government is a means to expand the capacity of government to provide more services per unit of investment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b37180cae8530e961e4c779d6e1aff56", "text": "Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln may refer to : First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln , 1861 Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln , 1865", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13104f0418b0eecf7bd552fa184702e7", "text": "National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank The creation of a National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank was first proposed by United States Senator Christopher J. Dodd and Senator Chuck Hagel in 2007 . However , several other iterations of a National Infrastructure Bank have been proposed and considered and it is likely that implementing legislation for the Bank will look quite different from that which was proposed in the original legislation . Barack Obama backed the proposed legislation in February 2008 and repeated his call in September 2010 , although he did not provide specifics about how the Bank should operate . In 2008 , Obama suggested that the Bank would borrow US$ 60 billion of federal funding to invest in infrastructure over 10 years , while leveraging `` up to $ 500 billion '' of private investment . It would invest in high-speed trains to provide an alternative to air travel , energy efficiency , and clean energy , among other kinds of public infrastructure . According to Obama , the Bank 's `` work will be determined by what will maximize our safety and security and ability to compete '' and it would `` create nearly two million new jobs '' , mainly in the construction industry . According to the text of the proposed legislation , funding for the bank would be taken from borrowed funds not to exceed one percent . The Bank would complement existing federal programs to fund infrastructure , such as the Highway Trust Fund or State Revolving Funds . It is expected to invest primarily in surface transport infrastructure , which is likely to include highways and mass transit . Obama did not mention investments in water supply and sanitation as an area of activity for the new Bank . The American Water Works Association ( AWWA ) estimates that investment in water supply and sanitation in the United States will have to be `` over $ 250 billion above current levels of spending in the next 20 to 30 years '' to replace aging infrastructure . The original version of the bill expired with the 110th Congress ; a different version of the bill was introduced into the 112th Congress by U.S. Representative Rosa L. DeLauro ( D - Connecticut 3rd District ) as H.R. 402 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34510faa658db2237606588dcdb643b4", "text": "Edward Everett Edward Everett ( April 11 , 1794 -- January 15 , 1865 ) was an American politician , pastor , educator , diplomat , and orator from Massachusetts . Everett , a Whig , served as U.S. Representative , U.S. Senator , the 15th Governor of Massachusetts , Minister to Great Britain , and United States Secretary of State . He also taught at Harvard University and served as its president . Everett was one of the great American orators of the antebellum and Civil War eras . He is often remembered today as the featured orator at the dedication ceremony of the Gettysburg National Cemetery in 1863 , where he spoke for over two hoursimmediately before President Abraham Lincoln delivered his famous , two-minute Gettysburg Address . The son of a pastor , Everett was educated at Harvard , and briefly ministered at Boston 's Brattle Street Church before taking a teaching job at Harvard . The position included preparatory studies in Europe , so Everett spent two years in studies at the University of Göttingen , and another two years traveling around Europe . At Harvard he taught ancient Greek literature for several years before becoming involved in politics , and began an extensive and popular speaking career . He served ten years in the United States Congress before winning election as Governor of Massachusetts in 1835 . As governor he introduced the state Board of Education , the first of its type in the nation . After being defeated in the 1839 election by one vote , Everett was appointed Minister to Great Britain , serving until 1845 . He next became President of Harvard , a job he quickly came to dislike . In 1849 he became an assistant to longtime friend and colleague Daniel Webster , who had been appointed Secretary of State . Upon Webster 's death Everett served as Secretary of State for a few months until he was sworn in as U.S. Senator from Massachusetts . In the later years of his life Everett traveled , giving speeches all over the country . He supported efforts to maintain the Union before the Civil War , running for Vice President on the Constitutional Union Party ticket in 1860 . He was active in supporting the Union effort during the war and supported Lincoln in the 1864 election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41110c55c3ff761f51a9bb721bcbdf1f", "text": "Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ec69f76f862c9b38e890e8e962e56ca", "text": "Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism . The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform . Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated . John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows : Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one , Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment . Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc060aa2247b4a39e1265897a40d0afa", "text": "Lincoln College (Illinois) Lincoln College ( chartered Lincoln University ) is a private , independent liberal arts college located in Lincoln , Illinois . Lincoln College is a hybrid college offering both two-year and four-year degree programs for its students . Lincoln College was established in 1865 by the Cumberland Presbyterian Church , but is now independent and has no formal church affiliation . There were a few sites that were looked at as possibilities , and in December 1864 , the site of Lincoln was selected . Due to the Civil War , the denomination wanted to create a college in the North because the denomination 's other schools were located in the South . At this same time a movement started in the new community of Lincoln to start a college . On February 6 , 1865 , the Illinois General Assembly granted the charter that established the university . President Lincoln was aware the school would be named after him . Lincoln University was the first institution named for Abraham Lincoln and the only one during his lifetime . The groundbreaking for University Hall , the first college building , was held on the birthday of Abraham Lincoln , which was six days after the charter had been granted . By September 1866 , University Hall 's construction was completed . In November 1866 , the college opened its doors to men and women alike . In 1868 , there were three people who received their degrees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c0e2d57a819115615f34482516a5272", "text": "Kentucky in the American Civil War Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War . President Abraham Lincoln recognized the importance of the Commonwealth when , in a September 1861 letter to Orville Browning , he wrote : I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game . Kentucky gone , we can not hold Missouri , nor Maryland . These all against us , and the job on our hands is too large for us . We would as well consent to separation at once , including the surrender of this capitol . Kentucky , being a border state , was among the chief places where the `` Brother against brother '' scenario was prevalent . Kentucky officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war , but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy , the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance . After early 1862 Kentucky came largely under Union control . Kentucky was the site of several fierce battles , including Mill Springs and Perryville . It was host to such military leaders as Ulysses S. Grant on the Union side , who first encountered serious Confederate gunfire coming from Columbus , Kentucky , and Confederate cavalry leader Nathan Bedford Forrest . Forrest proved to be a scourge to the Union Army in western Kentucky , even making an attack on Paducah . Kentuckian John Hunt Morgan further challenged Union control , as he conducted numerous cavalry raids through the state . Kentucky was the birthplace of Abraham Lincoln , his wife Mary Todd , and his southern counterpart , Confederate President Jefferson Davis . In the historiography of the Civil War , Kentucky is treated primarily as a border state , with special attention to the social divisions during the secession crisis , invasions and raids , internal violence , sporadic guerrilla warfare , federal-state relations , the ending of slavery , and the return of Confederate veterans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "196750fa372d3c990546068a0fbdf6ab", "text": "Proto-industrialization Proto-industrialization ( also spelled proto-industrialisation ) was a possible phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded , and created conditions for , the establishment of fully industrial societies . Proto-industrialisation is generally referred to the phase before industrialisation . Proto-industrialization was marked by the increasing involvement of agrarian families in market-oriented craft production , mainly through the putting-out system organized by merchant capitalists . It was an effective method of production which was controlled by merchants and had links to developing European consumerism . However , the phase was not observed across Europe , and nor did it always smoothly transition into the Industrial Revolution proper . The term was coined by F. F. Mendels in 1972 , though a UNESCO colloquium on the 10th anniversary of the deaths of Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin and published in 1971 discusses `` the basis for proto-industrialization '' . The applicability of proto-industrialization in Europe has since been challenged . M.J. Daunton , for example , argues that proto-industrialisation `` excludes too much '' to fully explain the expansion of industry : not only do proponents of proto-industrialisation ignore the vital town-based industries in pre-industrial economies , but also ignores `` rural and urban industry based upon non-domestic organisation , '' referring to how mines , mills , forges and furnaces fit into the agrarian economy . Initially using surplus labor available during slow periods of the agricultural seasons , proto-industrialization led to specialization - not only in industrial production but also in commercial agricultural production . This allowed reciprocal trade favored by regional economies of scale . It resulted in accumulation of capital and in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills by merchant capitalists , which facilitated the development of large-scale , and capital-intensive production methods in the full industrialization phase that followed . Proto-industrialization sparked social changes in traditional agrarian societies that would become more marked during full industrialization , such as greater independence of women and children , who gained a means of income separate from the family subsistence farm . During this phase of industrialisation , machines were not used . They were not even invented at that time . People could only use their hands or any hand-made material to produce required goods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5a64832fbcf0c76254e7bfd401e9372", "text": "Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War This timeline of events leading up to the American Civil War describes and links to narrative articles and references about many of the events and issues which historians recognize as origins and causes of the Civil War . The pre-Civil War events can be roughly divided into a period encompassing the long term build-up over many decades and a period encompassing the five-month build to war immediately after the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in the Election of 1860 which culminated in the Fall of Fort Sumter ( April 1861 ) . Since the early colonial period in Virginia , slavery had been a part of the socioeconomic system of British North America and was recognized in the Thirteen Colonies at the time of the United States ' Declaration of Independence ( 1776 ) . Since then , events and statements by politicians and others brought forth differences , tensions and divisions between the people of the slave states of the Southern United States and the people of the free states of the Northern United States ( including Western states ) over the topics of slavery . The large underlying issue from which other issues developed was whether slavery should be retained and even expanded to other areas or whether it should be contained and eventually abolished . Over many decades , these issues and divisions became increasingly irreconcilable and contentious . Events in the 1850s culminated with the election of the anti-slavery-expansion Republican Abraham Lincoln as President on November 6 , 1860 . This provoked the first round of state secessions as leaders of the Deep South cotton states were unwilling to remain in a second class political status with their way of life threatened by the President himself . Initially , the seven Deep South states seceded , with economies based on cotton ( then in heavy European demand with rising prices ) . They were Alabama , Florida , Georgia , Louisiana , Mississippi , South Carolina and Texas . After the Confederates attacked and captured Fort Sumter , President Lincoln called for volunteers to march south and suppress the rebellion . This pushed the four other Upper South States ( Virginia , North Carolina , Tennessee , and Arkansas ) also to secede . These states completed the formation of the Confederate States of America . Their addition to the Confederacy insured a war would be prolonged and bloody because they contributed territory and soldiers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61cbe42253f7f2dbefc89e1e08f128fa", "text": "Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States . The movement began around 1790 , gained momentum by 1800 and , after 1820 , membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement . It was past its peak by the late 1850s . The Second Great Awakening reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm , emotion , and an appeal to the super-natural . It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment . The revivals enrolled millions of new members in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations . Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age . The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ . Historians named the Second Great Awakening in the context of the First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s and of the Third Great Awakening of the late 1850s to early 1900s . These revivals were part of a much larger Romantic religious movement that was sweeping across Europe at the time , mainly throughout England , Scotland , and Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1be42205619903da3c01ebed1666d6f", "text": "Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States was held on April 15 , 1865 at the Kirkwood House in Washington , D.C. , following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . The inauguration marked the commencement of Andrew Johnson 's only term ( a partial term of ) as President . Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office . After the ceremony , President Johnson gave an impromptu inaugural address , which began with him begging the cabinet to remain with him and then attacking the Confederacy with such venom , that one witness remarked `` It would have been better had he been struck dumb . '' As President Lincoln lay dying , Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay , and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him , it was reported , she screamed and demanded he be removed . So he went back to his room at the Kirkwood House . According to newspaper reports , the Vice President had gotten severely inebriated , and when aides to the now-dead president came to fetch the new President they were unable to wake him for several minutes . When he was finally awake , the accounts read , `` he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street , '' and that a barber and doctor were summoned to clean him up for the ten-o'clock ceremony , which most accounts agree went smoothly . However , there are other accounts , believed more reliable by some , which refute this claim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a4e8b601fc765133b26891d836d7f2", "text": "The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy is a historical fiction novel written by Jacopo della Quercia . The plot follows President William Howard Taft , scientist and son of a former president Robert Todd Lincoln , Secret Service Chief John Wilkie , Captain ( later Major ) Archibald Butt and others as they slowly unravel a worldwide conspiracy over a decade in the making . The book , which was della Quercia 's debut novel , was published in 2014 by St. Martin 's Griffin , an imprint of publishing company St. Martin 's Press . The author described the book 's genre not as singular distinct genre , but as an `` equal parts cocktail '' of adventure , historical fiction , science fiction , thriller and comedy . In 2015 , della Quercia released a spiritual sequel , License to Quill , of a similar nature that concerns the lives of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare in Reformation-era Europe . The book has many references to actual events ; some , such as the sinking of the RMS Titanic , are important plot points , while others , such as the destruction of the zeppelin Erbslöh , are passively mentioned as news or memories . The author also includes excerpts from real newspaper articles , which were used to provide exposition in the storyline . Similarly , all of the main characters in the book were real , relevant figures in the 20th century . The characters profiles were fictionalized to fit in with the book 's plot and atmosphere , but their names , positions , occupations and personalities are kept largely intact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b35e55e0a436792fcb11212535b214f5", "text": "The Lincoln–Douglas Debates (1994 reenactments) The 1994 reenactments of the Lincoln -- Douglas Debates took place between August 20 and October 15 , 1994 and were facilitated and aired by C-SPAN . They featured historical reenactors presenting , in their entireties , the series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas that took place during the 1858 U.S. Senate campaign in Illinois . The debate reenactments were held in the same seven cities as were the 1858 debates , and were performed on dates very close to the anniversaries of the original debates . They were broadcast live on C-SPAN , and have been rebroadcast periodically ever since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ada361874236dc7ac41a443daa52543", "text": "John T. Stuart John Todd Stuart ( November 10 , 1807 -- November 23 , 1885 ) was a lawyer and a U.S. Representative from Illinois . Born near Lexington , Kentucky , Stuart graduated from Centre College , Danville , Kentucky , in 1826 . He then studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1828 , and commenced practice in Springfield , Illinois . He was a major in the Black Hawk War in 1832 , where he first met Abraham Lincoln , who was in the same battalion as Stuart . He served as member of the Illinois House of Representatives between 1832 and 1836 . Stuart encouraged Lincoln to study law and the two subsequently became law partners , between 1837 and 1841 . If not for Stuart 's influence , it is conceivable that Lincoln might never have been interested in the law - and thus , might not ever have become president . Stuart was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1836 to the Twenty-fifth Congress . He was , however , elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses ( March 4 , 1839 - March 3 , 1843 ) , winning over Stephen A. Douglas in 1838 . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1842 . Stuart established a law partnership with Benjamin S. Edwards in 1843 , a partnership that would last for forty years . Stuart served as member of the Illinois Senate between 1848 and 1852 . He was the unsuccessful Constitutional Union candidate for Governor of Illinois in 1860 . Stuart was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-eighth Congress ( March 4 , 1863 - March 3 , 1865 ) , and served there while Lincoln was president . Stuart was a favorite cousin of Mary Todd Lincoln and as a member of Congress after his election in 1862 over Republican Leonard Swett was a frequent visitor at the White House even though he was an anti-emancipation Democrat . He was defeated in 1864 by Republican Shelby Moore Cullom , a Lincoln ally . Following his defeat in 1864 , Stuart resumed the practice of law in Springfield . He died there and was interred in the Oak Ridge Cemetery . In the fall of 2007 , Centre College ( Stuart 's alma mater ) dedicated Stuart Hall , a building that once housed the College 's bookstore but is now a residence hall , in honor of the influence Stuart had over Lincoln 's career path as well as Stuart 's contribution to law . The firm that he founded in Springfield Illinois , once known as `` Stuart and Lincoln , '' is still operating under the name `` Brown , Hay , & Stephens , '' and includes his great-great-grandson as a partner .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8181da28563b799e6babcb7ea4f4f108	Hong Kong keeps a separate political system from China.	[ { "docid": "3cfe3ae9e2dfcc95022a2d4c25cc3cc4", "text": "Hong Kong Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China , is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of China . Macau lies across the delta to the west , and the province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north . With a total land area of 1,106 km2 and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities , it ranks as the world 's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory . After the First Opium War ( 1839 -- 42 ) , Hong Kong became a British colony with the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island , followed by the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and a 99-year lease of the New Territories from 1898 . Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during World War II until British control resumed in 1945 . In the early 1980s , negotiations between the United Kingdom and China resulted in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration , which paved way for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997 , when it became a special administrative region ( SAR ) of the Peoples Republic of China with a high degree of autonomy . Under the principle of `` one country , two systems '' , Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China . Except in military defence and foreign affairs , Hong Kong maintains its independent executive , legislative and judiciary powers . In addition , Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of `` appropriate fields '' . Hong Kong is one of the world 's most significant financial centres , with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the world 's most competitive and freest economic entity . As the world 's 8th largest trading entity , its legal tender , the Hong Kong dollar , is the world 's 13th most traded currency . It 's also a member of the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) . Hong Kong 's tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by simple taxation with a competitive level of corporate tax and supported by its independent judiciary system . However , while Hong Kong has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , it suffers from severe income inequality . Hong Kong is renowned for its deep natural harbour , which enables ready access by international cargo ships , and its impressive skyline , with a very high density of skyscrapers ; the territory boasts the second largest number of high rises of any city in the world . It has a very high Human Development Index ranking and the world 's longest life expectancy . Over 90 % of the population makes use of well-developed public transportation . Seasonal air pollution with origins from neighbouring industrial areas of Mainland China , which adopts loose emissions standards , has resulted in a high level of atmospheric particulates .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "597b6eec44e0261bae32af46a0ee7b35", "text": "Constitution of the Communist Party of China The Constitution of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) has 53 Articles and includes contents of General Program , Membership , Organization System , Central Organizations , Local Organizations , Primary Organizations , Party Cadres , Party Discipline , Party Organs for Discipline Inspection , Leading Party Members ' Groups , Relationship Between the Party and the Communist Youth League , Party Emblem and Flag . The Party Constitution currently in force was adopted at the Twelfth National Congress of the CPC in September 1982 . In accordance with the changing situation and tasks , revisions were made in some of the articles at the Thirteenth National Congress in November 1987 and in the General Program and some of the articles at the Fourteenth National Congress in October 1992 , and a few revisions were made in the General Program at the Sixteenth National Congress of the CPC in November 2002 . The organizational principle that drives the political system of the PRC is `` democratic centralism '' . Within the system , the democratic feature demands participation and expression of opinion on key policy issues from members at all levels of party organization . It depends on a constant process of consultation and investigation . At the same time , the centralist feature requires that subordinate organizational levels follow the dictates of superior levels . Once the debate has reached the highest level and decisions concerning policy have been made , all party members are obliged to support the Central Committee . The constitution emphasizes the party 's role in promoting socialist democracy , in developing and strengthening a socialist legal system , and in consolidating public resolve to carry out the modernization program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fa513dd0832ea99502ee9a29acbfccd", "text": "Bishop of Hong Kong The Bishop of Hong Kong may refer to the leaders of the following religious entities : Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong , established as a Prefecture Apostolic in 1841 , as a Vicariate Apostolic in 1874 , and as a Diocese in 1946 Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia , established in 1996", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61f386c2370b6642d06e904a404975fd", "text": "Steve Tsang Steve Tsang is a political scientist and historian whose expertise includes politics and governance in China , Taiwan and Hong Kong , the foreign and security policies of China and Taiwan , and peace and security in East Asia . Born in Hong Kong , Tsang received a B.A. at the University of Hong Kong in 1981 and D.Phil at St Antony 's College , Oxford in 1986 . He is a professor of contemporary Chinese studies at the University of Nottingham , and served as Head of the School of Contemporary Chinese Studies at the University of Nottingham ( 2014 -- 2016 ) and Director of the China Policy Institute ( 2011-2014 ) . In September 2016 , the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) announced the appointment of Professor Tsang as Professor of Chinese Studies and the new Director of the SOAS China Institute , effective 1 December 2016 . Before joining the University of Nottingham , he spent his career at the University of Oxford , where among other positions , he served as Director of the Pluscarden Programme for the Study of Global Terrorism and Intelligence ( 2005 -- 2011 ) , Dean of St Antony 's College ( 2002 , 1996 -- 98 ) , Director of the Taiwan Studies Programme ( 2001 -- 2011 ) , Director of the Asian Studies Centre ( 1997 -- 2003 ) , and Director of the Oxford University Hong Kong Project ( 1987 -- 1994 ) . Tsang is the author of A Modern History of Hong Kong ( 2004 ) , which the last British Hong Kong governor Chris Patten described as `` authoritative and well-researched '' . He is also the author of Governing Hong Kong : Administrative Officers from the 19th Century to the Hand-over of China , 1862-1997 ( London : I.B. Tauris , 2007 ) ; The Cold War 's Odd Couple : The Unintended Partnership between the Republic of China and the United Kingdom , 1950-1958 ( London : I.B. Tauris , 2006 ) ; Hong Kong : An Appointment with China ( London : I.B. Tauris , 1997 ) ; Democracy Shelved : Great Britain , China and Attempts at Constitutional Reform in Hong Kong ( Oxford University Press , 1998 ) . He is the author of numerous articles in refereed journals , including most recently `` Chiang Kai-shek 's ` secret deal ' at Xian and the start of the Sino-Japanese War '' ; `` The U.S. Military and American Commitment to Taiwan 's Security '' ; `` Ma Ying-jeou 's re-election : implications for Taiwan and East Asia '' , and `` Consultative Leninism : China 's new political framework '' . Tsang is an associate fellow at Chatham House , Associate Editor of Palgrave Communication ( 2014 -- ) , Editor of the Nottingham China Policy Institute Series for Palgrave Macmillan ( 2011 -- ) , and serves on the Editorial Advisory Board for several academic journals . He regularly contributes to public debates on issues related to the politics , history , and development of East Asia , particularly China , Hong Kong , and Taiwan . He is a frequent commentator in print media and on television and radio , particularly the BBC , where he has appeared on Newsnight , BBC News at Ten , World News , BBC News , News 24 , The Talk Show , Today , PM , Newshour , What If , and various World Service programmes in English , Mandarin , and Cantonese . His op-ed contributions have appeared in The New York Times , Foreign Policy magazine , Jane 's Intelligence Review , Time , Wall Street Journal , Forbes , South China Morning Post , China Daily , Taipei Times , The Straits Times , The Globe and Mail , Chicago Tribune , and the New Statesman amongst others . He has provided expert opinions to parliamentary committees in the British House of Commons , the European Parliament , and the United States Congress . His wife is English writer Rhiannon Jenkins Tsang . They studied at Oxford University but did not meet until years later in a seminar on the 1997 Hong Kong Handover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ce54e7c122d1c2ab731927650a43668", "text": "2014–15 Hong Kong electoral reform The Hong Kong electoral reform was a proposed reform for the 2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election and 2016 Legislative Council election . According to the decision made by the National People 's Congress Standing Committee ( NPCSC ) of the People 's Republic of China in 2007 , the 2017 Chief Executive election may be implemented by universal suffrage . The issues on how to achieve universal suffrage in the 2017 Chief Executive election became the focal point of the public debates . Most of the major political factions campaigned for their ideas on the universal suffrage , including Occupy Central with Love and Peace , an advocacy group for the occupation movement , to pressure the Beijing government to implement full universal suffrage initiated by the pan-democracy camp , as well as the Alliance for Peace and Democracy , an anti-occupy central alliance formed by the pro-Beijing camp . After the first consultation period , lasting from December 2013 to May 2014 , a consultation report was submitted to the National People 's Congress in July 2014 . On 31 August 2014 , the NPCSC decided that a 1200-member Nominating Committee based on the present Election Committee should only select two or three candidates before presenting them for a territory-wide ballot by ordinary voters , and each candidate must have more than half of support members of the Election Committee . It also decided that the 2016 legislative election would undergo no further adaptations since those proposed by the 2010 electoral reform . On 18 June 2015 , the Legislative Council rejected the unmodified electoral reform proposal with 8 votes in favour , 28 against , and 33 not voting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e7f4d0d975048c499f41e9e861cdd2", "text": "Distinct society Distinct society ( in la société distincte ) is a political term especially used during constitutional debate in Canada , in the second half of the 1980s and in the early 1990s , and present in the two failed constitutional amendments , the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord . `` Distinct society '' refers to the uniqueness of the province of Quebec within Canada , although here the meaning of `` unique '' is vague and controversial .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84a76b39b1e6ea6e43341da422af575c", "text": "Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal The Chief Justice of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal is the head of the Judiciary of Hong Kong and the chief judge of the Court of Final Appeal . The Chief Justice is one of four permanent members of the Court . During British rule between 1843 and 1997 , the office was known as the Chief Justice of Hong Kong . The Chief Justice acts as the chief administrative officer for the courts system , and in that capacity serves as the spokesperson for the judicial branch ; he is assisted by the Chief Judge of the High Court , who is responsible for the administration of the High Court and is accountable to the Chief Justice . The office of Chief Justice is second only to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong in the Hong Kong order of precedence . In the case of an impeachment of a Chief Executive of Hong Kong , the Chief Justice presides over the trial as provided by the Hong Kong Basic Law . The first Chief Justice of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal was Andrew Li . The second and incumbent Chief Justice is Geoffrey Ma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "939c905aa32b86c50cd8f6373b3bf5ac", "text": "Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League is one of the eight legally recognised political parties in the People 's Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference . It was formed in Hong Kong on November 1947 by members of the Taiwanese Communist Party who survived the February 28 Incident . The Taiwan Democratic Self Government League has a membership of 2,100 people , most of whom are prominent people that are from Taiwan or are of Taiwanese heritage , but now reside on the mainland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "403999b9fec0304054e259f69d38a731", "text": "Hong Kong national football team The Hong Kong national football team , represents Hong Kong in international association football competitions such as the FIFA World Cup , AFC Asian Cup and East Asian Football Championship . The team is represented and supervised by the Hong Kong Football Association , the governing body for football in Hong Kong . Although usually known as simply Hong Kong , the EAFF refer to the team as Hong Kong , China . The team had been representing Hong Kong in international football events before 1997 when Hong Kong was a colony of the United Kingdom . It continues to represent Hong Kong even after Hong Kong was handed over to the People 's Republic of China by the United Kingdom and became a special administrative region of the People 's Republic of China in 1997 . This team is a separate team from the national team of the People 's Republic of China , as the Basic Law and the principle of `` One country , two systems '' allows Hong Kong to maintain its own representative teams in international sports competitions . In Hong Kong , the Hong Kong football team is colloquially referred as the `` Hong Kong team '' ( Chinese : 香港隊 ) , while the Chinese national team is referred as the `` national team '' ( Chinese : 國家隊 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4b284aa9787d2c1d3fac891ee2eeff0", "text": "People's Radio Hong Kong People 's Radio Hong Kong ( Chinese : 香港人民廣播電台 ) or its abbreviation PRHK.org ( Chinese : 人民台 ) is a defunct online radio station in Hong Kong . The initial objectives include : the formation of a local community radio station , not accepting donations participation in political groups independently operated by volunteers , accept public donations as the main source of funding . Radio Hong Kong People 's First , referred to as `` people 's first '' , created mainly to comment on current affairs and public issues , and the main program include the `` Long Menzhen Storm '' and `` ShiuShiu Podcast '' （風蕭蕭） . The second station is referred to as `` People 's second '' , mainly to discuss a small minority issues and the users produced programs , the current broadcast programs include `` international free exercise '' , `` Hong Kong people philosophy stresses '' , `` Hong Kong way out '' and '' My Network Places '' and so on . In Hong Kong , People 's Radio is aired the first Tuesday night with the Neighborhood and Workers Service Center online radio network ; Friday will be two sets of programs broadcast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03d1c0fb2879d73f0bb89925e1149fb4", "text": "Central and Western Democratic Power Central and Western Democratic Power is a local political group in the Central and Western district of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China . It was convened by Kam Nai Wai , a member of Democratic Party and Central and Western District Councillor , and is mainly composed of pro-democracy District Councillors of the district . Its platform includes striving for general election of the Chief Executive in 2007 and Legislative Council in 2008 , public consultation of implementation of Article 23 of the Basic Law by means of a White Bill , stopping reclamation to protect the Victoria Harbour , cutting transportation fares for elderly citizens , and other local affairs . 8 out of 10 members of the group won in the 2003 District Council elections in the Central and Western district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b70e214228ed16cad118630c1c828ef", "text": "Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau The Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau , colloquially known as a Two-way Permit or EEP ( Exit-Entry Permit ) is issued to Chinese nationals with residency in Mainland China as a travel document for the sole purpose to travel the Chinese Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau . The Bureau of Exit and Entry Administration of the Chinese Ministry of Public Security is responsible for the issuing of Two-way Permits and exit endorsements . Due to the `` One country , two systems '' policy , Hong Kong , Macau and Mainland Chinese residents who are Chinese citizens can not use their Chinese , Hong Kong , or Macau passports to enter their respective territories , even though those passports are considered legal valid travel document . The Two-way Permit is the sole travel document for personal visit , family reunion , business , and other non-government purposes to and from the two Chinese Special Administrative Regions . Exceptions are Mainland residents who are transiting to or from a third country or region , as they can use their Chinese passports when entering Hong Kong or Macau for a stay of seven days .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b058561ea9150d6f24c715bf2eeaa3", "text": "Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . They are independently administered jurisdictions , and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self-governing possessions of the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ) . Internationally , the dependencies are considered `` territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible '' , rather than sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However , they do have relationships with the Commonwealth , the European Union , and other international organisations , and are members of the British -- Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . They are not part of the European Union ( EU ) , although they are within the EU 's customs area . As the Crown dependencies are not sovereign states , the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the government of the United Kingdom . However they each have their own legislative assemblies , with the power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown ( Privy Council , or in the case of the Isle of Man in certain circumstances the Lieutenant-Governor ) . In each case , the head of government is referred to as the Chief Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9292c8b6b46334850a398c15a0b1e8c6", "text": "Conservatism in Hong Kong Conservatism has deep roots in Hong Kong politics and society . As a political trend , it is often reflected in but not limited to the current pro-Beijing camp , one of the two major political forces in Hong Kong , as opposed to liberalism , a dominant feature of the pro-democracy camp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8be9d8c3cd1113ea5e38baa1a5191ef4", "text": "Hong Kong Cantonese Hong Kong Cantonese is a dialect of the Cantonese language commonly spoken in Hong Kong , as well as Macau . Although the Hong Kong people largely identify this variant of Chinese with the term `` Cantonese '' , a variety of publications in Mainland China describe the variant as Hong Kong speech . There are slight differences between the pronunciation used in Hong Kong Cantonese and that of the Cantonese spoken in the neighbouring Chinese province of Guangdong , where Cantonese ( based on the Guangzhou dialect ) is a main lingua franca . Over the years , Hong Kong Cantonese has also absorbed foreign terminology and developed a large set of Hong Kong-specific terms . These differences from the Guangzhou dialect are the result of British rule between 1841 and 1997 , as well as the closure of the Hong Kong-China border immediately after the establishment of the People 's Republic of China in 1949 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fb87979a4e8130a8bc3aa54df0b3130", "text": "Chung Ying Street Chung Ying Street is a street on the border between Hong Kong and Shenzhen , within the border town of Sha Tau Kok ( Hong Kong ) and Shatoujiao ( Shenzhen ) . One side of the street belongs to Hong Kong and the other belongs to Mainland China . In Cantonese , Chung means China and Ying England or the United Kingdom . The name is a mark of history of the Second Convention of Peking , a treaty that China under the Qing dynasty was forced to lease New Territories to Britain in 1899 . The street was a river in 1899 . British use the high water mark as the border . The river was too shallow at the section of Sha Tau Kok . It dried before the coming of World War II . The residents on both dried river sides then erected their shops to trade . The dried river then renamed to Chung Hing Street , and later renamed to Chung Ying Street . The town of Sha Tau Kok flourished for that period of time . After World War II , with large influx of refugees from China , the British colonial government decided to close the border and the town fell within the Frontier Closed Area . The border town declined since then . Chung Ying Street was once a famous place for shopping . In the 1990s , when China was still closed to the world , Chinese tourists visited to buy foreign goods , mostly watches , clothing and jewellery . However , the prosperity has declined in the early 21st century , due to a policy allowing most people from Mainland China to apply to visit Hong Kong directly , causing Chung Ying Street to transform into a place for historical sight-seeing . The PRC government has built a museum about the history of Chung Ying Street to attract tourists again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aec5effed4d20a55022af8770c1627ae", "text": "Vote allocation Vote allocation is a system of tactical voting used in the Republic of China on Taiwan from the late-1990s , after which the voting system is to be changed from single non-transferable vote to a parallel voting system . In this system , voters are asked to vote for a party candidate based on items such as their day of birthday so as to evenly distribute votes . In districts where a party is running two candidates , males may be asked to vote for one candidate and females for another to insure even distribution . It was also practice in Japan and South Korea , where the SNTV system were used . Hong Kong political parties started to adopt this strategy since 2000 to overcome the effect of the largest remainder system with Hare quota combined with small constituencies ( 5 - to 8-member in 2008 ) . They are able to get more seats with fewer votes by filling separate lists of candidates in the same constituencies . Category : Elections Category : Politics of Taiwan Category : Elections in Hong Kong", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ac905cf086d7b638255bba96f568a2f", "text": "Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates The Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates ( Chinese : 香港中外聯盟 ) was a small political party in Hong Kong set up in 1994 . The party aimed at upholding the Hong Kong residents holding foreign passports . It took a conservative and pro-Beijing stance as its Chairman Guy Lam Kwok-hung , who was a Canadian citizen , said Hong Kong should not be hostile towards Beijing as it was reverting to Mainland China . Guy Lam also said he supported Beijing 's decision to suppress the students in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 . Guy Lam campaigned for a seat in the Legislative Council in the 1995 elections , but lost to Democratic Party 's Huang Chen-ya in Island West constituency . The party ceased to exist in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "316e875d66c8052770c1907fb1b06ab6", "text": "List of political parties in China The People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) is formally a multi-party state under the leadership of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) in a United Front similar to the popular fronts of former Communist-era Eastern European countries such as the National Front of Democratic Germany . Under the one country , two systems scheme , the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau , which were previously colonies of European powers , operate under a different political system to the rest of the PRC . Currently , both Hong Kong and Macau possess multi-party systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fcf09aad63eefe15c1e55a703cee985", "text": "Patent law in Hong Kong The patent law in Hong Kong is based on the Hong Kong Patents Ordinance of 27 June 1997 , as last amended on 22 February 2008 . The Hong Kong patent system is independent from the patent system in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , in that a `` patent granted for Hong Kong SAR takes effect in Hong Kong only and does not provide for protection in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) '' . Two types of patents for inventions are available in Hong Kong , the so-called `` standard patent '' and the `` short-term patent '' : A standard patent in Hong Kong can be based on a European patent application designating to United Kingdom , or a patent application in the PRC or the United Kingdom ( UK ) . The standard patent is independent from the original foreign patent ( i.e. , from the Chinese patent , the European patent , or the UK patent ) . Short-term patents are also available . Such patents have a maximum term of eight years from the filing date . The short-term patents are subject to a formality examination only , not to a substantive examination on the patentability of the invention .", "title": "" } ]	fever
95cf30f446c30f0b9304730b160be45a	21 Jump Street was released in 2012.	[ { "docid": "a747337954610056ce61f3be6677fb5a", "text": "21 Jump Street (film) 21 Jump Street is a 2012 American action comedy film directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller , written by Michael Bacall starring Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum . An adaptation of the 1987-1991 television series of the same name by Stephen J. Cannell and Patrick Hasburgh , set within the same continuity as the TV series ; the film follows two police officers who are forced to relive high school when they are assigned to go undercover as high school students to prevent the outbreak of a new synthetic drug and arrest its supplier . It was released theatrically on March 16 , 2012 , by Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and grossed $ 201 million . A sequel , titled 22 Jump Street , was released on June 13 , 2014 . Two further films , MIB 23 ( a crossover with the Men in Black franchise ) and a female-led spin-off , are currently in development .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3227c4be0dfa6c08cb4d28f6f09e4ebd", "text": "NBA Live 13 NBA Live 13 is the cancelled basketball installment in the NBA Live series , developed and published by Electronic Arts ( EA ) . The game was to be a reboot of the series and would be departing from previous entries , with the focus on an `` all-new experience that captures on the future of basketball '' . NBA Live 13 was to be released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . There were reports that the game could have been released digitally . However , on September 27 , 2012 , EA confirmed on their website that the game 's launch has been cancelled due to the game 's `` disappointing '' development . While the 2013 edition was cancelled , according to EA 's vice president Andrew Wilson , he stated at the time that '' -LSB- they are -RSB- going to sit out the full year and stay focused on making next year 's game great . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7924fc2cb2fa6729f29ed783c536a446", "text": "Election Special Election Special is the 2012 fifteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ry Cooder . After his 2011 album Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down , Cooder continued writing topical and storyline-inspired songs . Displeased with the Republican Party and its financial supporters , he also wanted to write an album that would address listeners during the United States presidential election of 2012 , which he believed to be a critical event in the country 's history . Election Special was recorded mostly at Drive-By Studios in North Hollywood and produced by Cooder . Election Special is an American roots and blues rock album of protest songs with music characterized by upbeat melodies , simple instrumentation , and sparse arrangements . Cooder played all of the instruments , including bass , guitar , and mandolin , with the exception of drums by his son Joachim . A deeply political album , it expands on the socio-political musings and current event topics of Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down with forthright , satirical lyrics and song-form vignettes . Cooder 's songwriting exhibits liberal and populist sentiments and draws on older musical sources such as broadside ballads and country blues . Election Special was released by Perro Verde Records and Nonesuch Records on August 16 , 2012 , one week before the 2012 Republican National Convention . It received generally positive reviews from critics , who complimented its topical protest songs and Cooder 's musicianship . The album peaked at number 164 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US , but charted significantly higher in other countries . Cooder did not tour in promotion of the album , citing a lost interest in both playing large concert venues and the commercial aspect of releasing records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b8719845ed3fa00ec10566f947ad871", "text": "Bad Ass (film) Bad Ass is a 2012 American action film written and directed by Craig Moss . The film stars Danny Trejo , Charles S. Dutton , and Ron Perlman . It is loosely based on the viral AC Transit Bus fight internet video and the films Gran Torino and Harry Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af5aaef8f8e1767483ad16f9f2128cff", "text": "FEI World Cup Jumping 2011/2012 The FEI World Cup Jumping 2011/2012 is the 34th edition of the premier international show jumping competition run by the FEI . The final is held at the 's - Hertogenbosch , Netherlands from April 18 , 2012 to April 22 , 2012 . Christian Ahlmann of Germany is the defending champion , having won the final the previous year ( 2010/11 ) in Leipzig , Germany . First time ever a Chinese League is held . In the Japan League the horse show in Minamisōma was replaced by a horse show in Mito as a result of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b1856f745a398c1556f8075fe93924c", "text": "L.A. Noire L.A. Noire is a neo-noir detective action-adventure video game developed by Team Bondi and published by Rockstar Games . It was initially released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms on 17 May 2011 ; a Microsoft Windows port was later released on 8 November 2011 . L.A. Noire is set in Los Angeles in 1947 and challenges the player , controlling a Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) officer , to solve a range of cases across five divisions . Players must investigate crime scenes for clues , follow up leads , and interrogate suspects , and the player 's success at these activities will impact how much of each case 's story is revealed . The game draws heavily from both the plot and aesthetic elements of film noir -- stylistic films made popular in the 1940s and 1950s that share similar visual styles and themes , including crime and moral ambiguity -- along with drawing inspiration from real-life crimes for its in-game cases , based upon what was reported by the Los Angeles media in 1947 . The game uses a distinctive colour palette , but in homage to film noir it includes the option to play the game in black and white . Various plot elements reference the major themes of detective and mobster stories such as The Naked City , Chinatown , The Untouchables , The Black Dahlia , and L.A. Confidential . L.A. Noire is notable for using Depth Analysis 's newly developed technology MotionScan , whereby the actors portraying the game 's characters were recorded by 32 surrounding cameras to capture facial expressions from every angle . The technology is central to the game 's interrogation mechanic , as players must use the suspects ' reactions to questioning to judge whether or not they are lying . L.A. Noire was the first video game to be shown at the Tribeca Film Festival . Upon release , the game received wide acclaim for its advances in storytelling and facial animation technology . As of February 2012 , both PC and console versions had shipped nearly 5 million copies combined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "498eeef496b629057412695de00e6276", "text": "21 Club The 21 Club , often simply 21 , is an American traditional cuisine restaurant and former prohibition-era speakeasy , located at 21 West 52nd Street in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0abf873a90b8ef80a7ad80aafd53c77", "text": "Blur 21 Blur 21 is a CD , DVD and vinyl box set encompassing the vast majority of music by Blur . It was released on 30 July 2012 , commemorating the 21st anniversary of the release of Leisure , the band 's first album . The release took place before the band 's performance at Hyde Park as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony . One version of the box-set consists of eighteen CDs , three DVDs , one vinyl 7 '' record ( of the early Seymour track `` Superman '' ) and a hardcover book acting as a complete biography of the band . The CDs contain all seven Blur albums , with the first five remastered , with each album receiving a new second disc of B-side material ; as well as four ` rarities ' discs containing mostly previously unreleased material . The DVDs contain Showtime , The Singles Night and an all-new rarities disc . It is the band 's most retrospective release . Another boxset , Blur 21 Vinyl Edition , was released at the same time , featuring the band 's seven studio albums on heavyweight vinyl , each of the LPs repackaged as a double album except for Leisure , a single album . The vinyl edition does not , however , include any previously unreleased material . As above , the Blur 21 CD/DVD/7 '' single pack contains many previously unreleased recordings , including the long-awaited releases of previously known about songs like `` Pap Pop , '' `` Beached Whale '' and `` Sir Elton John 's Cock . '' Yet some previously released songs by the band have not been listed as featuring on the box set , such as `` Colours , '' a Think Tank outtake released as a fan club single in 2003 . Likewise , some unreleased songs are not featured on the box set , like `` Death Metal , '' a jam session from the 13 sessions in 1998 , and `` For Old Time 's Sake , '' recorded in 1993 for The Sunday Sunday Popular Community Song CD , but left off the EP , due to it possibly being deleted or lost . Additionally , no material from the band 's 1998 live recording and remix album Bustin ' + Dronin ' appears on the box set . Rarities 4 , one of the bonus albums in the box set , features an early mix of `` Under the Westway '' with some differences between it and the 2012 single version . The box set also includes a special code to download all the music content as MP3 , along with all the Blurb magazine issues and extra content with audio commentary and unreleased footage per album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d155668c869b39ee8be8cf74aa5f690d", "text": "D12 D12 , an initialism for The Dirty Dozen , is an American hip hop group from Detroit , Michigan . D12 has had chart-topping albums in the United States , United Kingdom , and Australia . D12 was formed in 1996 , and achieved mainstream success after Eminem rose to international fame . The original lineup consisted of the members and their alter egos . This is where Slim Shady came from . D12 released the album Devil 's Night in 2001 and D12 World in 2004 , spawning numerous hits such as `` Fight Music '' , `` Purple Pills '' , `` My Band '' , `` How Come '' and `` Shit on You '' throughout that period . Since 2006 , Eminem 's hiatus and the death of the member Proof resulted in them being less active in subsequent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0a358f675a3134302798e5f648c410", "text": "Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures . The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre . Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey . Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9598e8560912dabe471ba3a1e4f67a64", "text": "Mill Creek Entertainment Mill Creek Entertainment is an American home video company founded in 2002 by Ian Warfield , Robert Zakheim and Scott Moss in Minnetonka , Minnesota . The Mill Creek Entertainment catalog draws from over 12,000 hours of owned and licensed content , including contemporary and classic feature films , as well as television , animations , documentary , special interest , family entertainment and fitness content . The company 's licensing partnerships with major studios include Buena Vista Home Entertainment , Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , NBCUniversal , and Warner Home Video . The company is known for its multi-film DVD collections , which draw heavily ( but not exclusively ) from material in the public domain in the United States . The company also produces its own original documentary programming , including the National Parks Explorer Series , Up from Slavery , Gangster Empire : Rise of the Mob , The Ultimate Civil War Series , America 's Serial Killers , and The Decade You Were Born series . Mill Creek acquired the library of Crown International Pictures from now defunct Navarre Corporation subsidiary BCI Home Entertainment . On April 23 , 2012 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a home video distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , acquiring the rights to distribute 250 films from the Sony Pictures catalog on DVD and Blu-ray . On August 27 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a long term distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment to distribute an additional 665 films and 54 TV series from the Sony Pictures library .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3e5ec1cd3f4e7a9b318570c7820b9a", "text": "Black Reel Awards of 2012 The 2012 Black Reel Awards , which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature , independent and television films , took place in Washington , D.C. on February 9 , 2012 . While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine , The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated . Attack the Block and Shame were also multiple winners , with each winning two awards . Octavia Spencer , Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0d1fdde990c6f4ea51f25b26d3c3f8b", "text": "Street King Immortal Street King Immortal is the upcoming sixth studio album by American rapper 50 Cent , set to be released through G-Unit Records , Caroline Records and Capitol Records . Initially reported to be released during the summer of 2011 , the release date of Street King Immortal has since been revised on several occasions . Officially announced release dates of November 13 , 2012 ; February 26 , 2013 ; and August 18 , 2016 have come and gone , with one online music forum , perhaps sardonically , classifying the album as `` Comin Never '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2636249a661d3235a10ac9722f9ffa0e", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action crime film directed by Rob Cohen , produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer . It is the first installment in the The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Michelle Rodriguez , Jordana Brewster , Rick Yune , Chad Lindberg , Johnny Strong , and Matt Schulze . The film follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner , who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers . Inspiration for the film was sought through a Vibe magazine article titled `` Racer X '' , which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City . Filming locations include New York City and New England , with a majority of the film being shot in southern California . The Fast and the Furious was released on June 22 , 2001 , grossing over $ 207 million worldwide from an estimated $ 38 million budget . It was later re-released on June 22 , 2016 , to celebrate its 15th anniversary . It has a 53 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , which called it `` sleek and shiny on the surface '' in its critical consensus . The Fast and the Furious launched a franchise of sequels , starting with 2 Fast 2 Furious in 2003 , followed by The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift in 2006 , Fast & Furious in 2009 , Fast Five in 2011 , Fast & Furious 6 in 2013 , Furious 7 in 2015 , and The Fate of the Furious in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d680beab44ca8c88b047bc7104d55a60", "text": "Grand Theft Auto III Grand Theft Auto III is an open world action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games . It was released on 22 October 2001 for the PlayStation 2 , on 20 May 2002 for Microsoft Windows , and on 31 October 2003 for the Xbox . A remastered version of the game was released on mobile platforms in 2011 , for the game 's tenth anniversary . It is the fifth title in the Grand Theft Auto series , and the first main entry since 1999 's Grand Theft Auto 2 . Set within the fictional Liberty City , based on New York City , the game follows Claude after he is left for dead and quickly becomes entangled in a world of gangs , crime and corruption . The game is played from a third-person perspective and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . The open world design lets players freely roam Liberty City , consisting of three main islands . Development was shared between DMA Design , based in Edinburgh and Rockstar , in New York City . Much of the development work constituted transforming popular series elements into a 3D world . The game was delayed following the September 11 attacks , to allow the team to change references and gameplay deemed inappropriate . Upon release , the game received critical acclaim , with praise particularly directed at its concept and gameplay . However , the game also generated controversy , with criticism directed at the depiction of violence and sexual content . Grand Theft Auto III became the best-selling video game of 2001 , and has sold over 17 million copies . Considered one of the most significant titles of the sixth generation of video games , and by many critics as one of the greatest video games of all time , it won year-end accolades , including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications . Since its release , it has received numerous ports to many gaming platforms . Its successor , Grand Theft Auto : Vice City , was released in October 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c87dfd54886c4a458a5b53e8c138005b", "text": "Ultra Dance 13 Ultra Dance 13 is a compilation DJ mix album featuring songs from the dance music genre as well as dance remixes of songs . It is the thirteenth album in the Ultra Dance series . It was released by Ultra Records on February 7 , 2012 . The album peaked at number 157 on the Billboard 200 chart as well as at number 10 on the Top Dance/Electronic Albums chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc431dbb3c3e2428ff32f656635333bb", "text": "Sparkle (2012 film) Sparkle is a 2012 American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films , It was released on August 17 , 2012 , by TriStar Pictures . Inspired by The Supremes , Sparkle is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name , which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1960s . The remake takes place in Detroit , Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era . The film stars Jordin Sparks , Derek Luke , Whitney Houston , Mike Epps , Cee Lo Green , Carmen Ejogo , Tika Sumpter , Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick . Sparkle features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly . This film is the debut of R&B / pop singer and American Idol winner Jordin Sparks as an actress . Sparkle also marks Whitney Houston 's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11 , 2012 , three months after filming ended . The film is dedicated to her memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c2e50eab752b5633fa8c57463374d46", "text": "Forever 21 Forever 21 is an American fast fashion retailer with its headquarters in Los Angeles , California . Forever 21 began as a 900 square foot store in Highland Park , CA in 1984 , and has grown into clothing lines Forever 21 , XXI Forever , Love 21 , and Heritage throughout over 600 stores in the Americas , Asia , the Middle East , and the UK . More than 60 % of its apparel is made in China and the average store size is 38,000 square feet . Forever 21 is known for its trendy offerings and its low pricing . The company sells clothing , accessories , and beauty products for women , men , and girls . The company has been involved in various controversies , ranging from labor practice issues to copyright infraction accusations to religion . The clothing ages from toddler to grownup , for kids and adults . Forever 21 is the 5th largest specialty retailer in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e4976b622aa20218463090b36f9e60e3	Richard III of England died in battle.	[ { "docid": "936e15e1e60376870eaa680e21e48920", "text": "Richard III of England Richard III ( 2 October 1452 -- 22 August 1485 ) was King of England from 1483 until his death in 1485 , at the age of 32 , in the Battle of Bosworth Field . He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty . His defeat at Bosworth Field , the last decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses , marked the end of the Middle Ages in England . He is the subject of the historical play Richard III by William Shakespeare . When his brother King Edward IV died in April 1483 , Richard was named Lord Protector of the realm for Edward 's son and successor , the 12-year-old Edward V . As the young king travelled to London from Ludlow , Richard met and escorted him to lodgings in the Tower of London , where Edward V 's own brother Richard of Shrewsbury joined him shortly afterwards . Arrangements were made for Edward 's coronation on 22 June 1483 ; but , before the young king could be crowned , his father 's marriage to his mother Elizabeth Woodville was declared invalid , making their children illegitimate and ineligible for the throne . On 25 June , an assembly of Lords and commoners endorsed the claims . The following day , Richard III began his reign , and he was crowned on 6 July 1483 . The young princes were not seen in public after August , and accusations circulated that the boys had been murdered on Richard 's orders , giving rise to the legend of the Princes in the Tower . There were two major rebellions against Richard . The first , in October 1483 , was led by staunch allies of Edward IV and Richard 's former ally , Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham ; but the revolt collapsed . In August 1485 , Henry Tudor and his uncle , Jasper Tudor , led a second rebellion . Henry Tudor landed in southern Wales with a small contingent of French troops and marched through his birthplace , Pembrokeshire , recruiting soldiers . Henry 's force engaged Richard 's army and defeated it at the Battle of Bosworth Field in Leicestershire . Richard was struck down in the conflict , making him the last English king to die in battle on home soil and the first since Harold Godwinson ( who was killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 ) . Henry then ascended the throne as Henry VII . After the battle Richard 's corpse was taken to Leicester and buried without pomp . His original tomb monument is believed to have been removed during the Reformation , and his remains were lost for more than five centuries , believed to have been thrown into the River Soar . In 2012 , an archaeological excavation was commissioned by the Richard III Society on a city council car park on the site once occupied by Greyfriars Priory Church . The University of Leicester identified the skeleton found in the excavation as that of Richard III as a result of radiocarbon dating , comparison with contemporary reports of his appearance , and comparison of his mitochondrial DNA with that of two matrilineal descendants of Richard III 's eldest sister , Anne of York . Richard 's remains were reburied in Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "91365466d68218c3a103657dcff5fd87", "text": "Richard the Lionheart (disambiguation) Richard the Lionheart or similar names can refer to : - King Richard I of England Riccardo Primo , opera by Handel , 1727 Richard the Lionheart ( TV series ) , ITV production from around 1960 Richard Coeur de Lion ( play ) , 1876 semi-opera Richard Coeur-de-lion ( opera ) , French opera by André Grétry Richard the Lion-Hearted ( 1923 film ) , starring Wallace Beery Richard the Lionheart ( 2013 film ) , starring Gregory Chandler", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b281dbfdc74b1193cf1f4e1ce97c570", "text": "William fitz Duncan William fitz Duncan ( a modern anglicisation of the Old French Guillaume fils de Duncan and the Middle Irish Uilleam mac Donnchada ) was a Scottish prince , a territorial magnate in northern Scotland and northern England , a general and the legitimate son of king Donnchad II ( Duncan II ) of Scotland by Athelreda ( Ethelreda ) of Dunbar . In 1094 , his father Donnchad II was killed by Mormaer Máel Petair of Mearns , supporting the claims of King Domnall ( Donald ) III Bán . It is probable that William left Scotland with his mother in that year , to the safety of Allerdale in Cumberland . A decade or so later , he ventured to the court of his half-uncle . Under the reign of his half-uncle Alexander I , it is highly likely that William was regarded as a viable tánaiste ( i.e. `` designated heir '' ) , but Henry I of England supported David . When David succeeded , William , as the legitimate king under the rules of primogeniture was certainly bought off by David , probably being made tánaiste . William repeatedly leads the lists of witnesses appearing in Scottish royal charters in the reigns of Alexander I and David I. A 13th century northern English source claims that William was Mormaer of Moray . As this source had no reason to deceive , it is highly likely that William was made the ruler of Moray after the defeat of King Óengus of Moray in 1130 . It is feasible that this grant had something to do with the coming of age of David 's son , Prince Henry and may also be a factor in his marriage to a daughter of Óengus . As well as being the ruler of Moray , William controlled the English lands of Allerdale , Skipton and Craven , making him one of the greatest barons of northern England . William was a great warrior . He frequently led Scottish armies . In the campaign of 1138 , he led an army of Gaels that defeated a Norman English army at the Battle of Clitheroe , raising the hopes for the success of the royal army , hopes which failed to materialize at the Battle of the Standard . William had several marriages . His first marriage was over , presumably through death , by the year 1137 , when he married Alice de Rumilly , daughter of William Meschin . By the latter , he had a son , also called William ( William of Egremont or William the Atheling ) , who died in 1160 , and a daughter Cicely , Lady of Skipton , who married William le Gros , 1st Earl of Albemarle . He also had a large number of bastards , probably including Wimund of the Isles . It is now presumed that Domnall mac Uilleim , and the Meic Uilleim clan that repeatedly rebelled against later Scottish kings in their quest to gain the Scottish throne , were legitimate descendants of a marriage to a daughter of Óengus of Moray . He died in 1147 , whereupon Moray fell back into the hands of David .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a72c3f5bf47b4e8f0aa731478fdf7f2", "text": "Robin of Redesdale Robin of Redesdale , sometimes called `` Robin Mend-All '' , was the leader of an insurrection against King Edward IV of England . His true identity is unknown , but it is thought he could have been either Sir John Conyers of Hornby ( d. 1490 ) or his brother Sir William Conyers of Marske ( d. 1469 ) , or even both . Whoever he was , the power behind his rebellion was Richard Neville , 16th Earl of Warwick ( `` Warwick the Kingmaker '' ) . During April 1469 , the rebellion was raised in the north of England . The rebels were defeated in April by John Neville , Earl of Northumberland , but further troops were raised and the rebels openly denounced the government of Edward IV , demanding that he remove his wife 's family , the Woodvilles , from positions of power . On 26 July , the rebel army met and defeated Edward 's army ( commanded by William Herbert , Earl of Pembroke ) at the Battle of Edgecote Moor . Although they were victorious , Robin himself was reported to have died in the battle , hence his identification with William Conyers who was killed at Edgecote . However , his mantle was temporarily assumed by someone else , apparently Sir John Conyers , when Warwick raised a further rebellion early in 1470 . This second `` Robin of Redesdale '' submitted to Edward IV in March 1470 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79367f0e48a5a0780faa2a89debb0448", "text": "Gospatric III, Earl of Lothian Gospatric III ( died 1166 ) was a twelfth-century Anglo-Celtic noble , who was Earl of Lothian and later the Earl of Dunbar , and feudal Lord of Beanley . He was the son of Gospatric II , Earl of Lothian ( later called Earl of Dunbar ) . He appeared for the first time as a witness in a charter representing his father 's grant to Coldingham Priory . After his father 's death in 1138 , he inherited his father 's territories in Northumberland , East Lothian and the Scottish Borders . He bore the title `` Earl of Lothian '' on his seal . The following year `` the son of earl Gospatric and the son of Hugh de Morville and the son of earl Fergus ( of Galloway ) '' were asked to go as hostages in negotiations with King Stephen of England . He married a Scottish woman called Deirdre , and by her fathered two sons , Waltheof , Earl of Lothian and Patrick . Gospatric was a great religious patron , granting lands to many of his neighbouring abbeys . He even appears to have become a monk himself , and when he died there in 1166 he was probably already part of the monastic community where he was buried , at Durham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea9374c929544bec41cbeeae5031b854", "text": "William de Ufford, 2nd Earl of Suffolk William de Ufford , 2nd Earl of Suffolk ( 30 May 1338 -- 15 February 1382 ) was an English nobleman in the reigns of Edward III and Richard II . He was the son of Robert de Ufford , who was created Earl of Suffolk by Edward III in 1337 . William had three older brothers who all predeceased him , and in 1369 he succeeded his father . In the 1370s , he participated in several campaigns of the Hundred Years ' War , but this period was not a successful one for England . Suffolk was closely connected to Thomas Beauchamp , Earl of Warwick and John of Gaunt , Duke of Lancaster , and his conciliatory skills were highly valued in national politics . He helped arbitrate in the conflict between Gaunt and the parliamentary Commons during the Good Parliament . In 1381 , Suffolk took part in suppressing the Peasants ' Revolt in East Anglia , after narrowly escaping the rebels himself . He died suddenly in 1382 while attending parliament , and since he had no surviving children , his title became extinct and his property was dispersed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad5da3c052a41a63309b0556f75f787a", "text": "David Baldwin (historian) David Baldwin ( b. 22 December 1946 d. 4 April 2016 ) was a British historian , author and former university lecturer , who lived near Leicester , England . Baldwin specialised in late Medieval history -- `` the great medieval families of the Midlands '' -- and wrote several books about the people and events of the Wars of the Roses . Before retiring from teaching , Baldwin had previously worked as a lecturer at both the University of Leicester and the University of Nottingham . In 1986 , over 25 years before the 2012 excavation and the discovery of the king 's body , he predicted that Richard III 's remains would be found at Greyfriars , Leicester . In his 2010 book , Robin Hood : The English Outlaw Unmasked , Baldwin argued that the ` real ' Robin Hood was Roger Godberd , a disinherited supporter of Simon de Montfort . He drew attention to the many similarities between Godberd 's career and the stories told of Robin in the earliest ballads , and to a grave slab in Loxley churchyard in Warwickshire which appeared to be identical to one associated with Robin in earlier centuries . In his 2007 book , The Lost Prince : The Survival of Richard of York , Baldwin discussed the possibility that the younger of the Princes in the Tower , Prince Richard , survived , and was the `` Richard Plantagenet '' who died in December 1550 at Eastwell in Kent . Richard had worked as a bricklayer at St. John 's Abbey , Colchester , until 1539 , but , unusually for someone of his class , could read Latin . He is sometimes said to have been an illegitimate son of King Richard III . Baldwin was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2012 . A religious man , Baldwin was a member of a Christadelphian congregation in Leicester .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db71500e06f203cc8fcd279a14356c83", "text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries . After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France . Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent . Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fde5ddcc4b4c2224353528f242a3397", "text": "The Battlefields of England The Battlefields of England was a work of non-fiction by A. H. Burne first published in 1950 by Methuen . A sequel , More Battlefield of England , followed in 1952 . In 1996 the two works were combined under `` The Battlefields of England '' title . The book explores battlefields in respect of the following battles : Caradoc 's Last Fight AD 51 The Battle of Mount Badon AD 500 The Battle of Deorham AD 577 Wansdyke and the Battle of Ellandun AD 825 The Battle of Ashdown 8 January 871 The Battle of Ethandun AD 878 The Battle of Brunanburh AD 937 The Battle of Maldon August 991 The Battle of Assingdon 18 October 1016 The Battle of Stamford Bridge 25 September 1066 The Battle of Hastings 14 October 1066 The Battle of the Standard , or Northallerton : 22 August 1138 The Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264 ) The Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265 ) The Battle of Neville 's Cross 17 October 1346 The Battle of Otterburn 19 August 1388 The Battle of Shrewsbury 21 July 1403 The First Battle of St. Albans 22 May 1455 The Battle of Blore Heath 23 September 1459 The Second Battle of St. Albans 17 February The Battle of Towton 29 March 1461 The Battle of Barnet 14 April 1471 The Battle of Tewkesbury 14 May 1471 The Battle of Bosworth 22 August 1485 The Battle of Stoke Field 16 June 1487 The Battle of Flodden 9 September 1513 The Battle of Edgehill 22 October 1642 The Battle of Lansdown 5 July 1643 The Battle of Roundway Down 13 July 1643 The First Battle of Newbury 20 October 1643 The Battle of Cheriton 29 March 1644 The Battle of Marston Moor 2 July 1644 The Second Battle of Newbury 28 October 1644 The Battle of Naseby 14 June 1645 The Battle of Langport 10 July 1645 The Battle of Worcester 3 September 1651 The Battle of Sedgemoor 6 July 1685", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5606342b4867d7174393ff25ba13828c", "text": "Gospatric II, Earl of Lothian Gospatric II ( died 1138 ) was Earl of Lothian or Earl of Dunbar in the early 12th century . He was the son of Gospatric I , sometime Earl of Northumbria ( d. after 1073 ) . In the earliest sources , occurring at dates between 1120 and 1134 he is not styled `` earl '' , but the `` brother of Dolfin '' , the latter style being used in his own seal . Later accounts say that he was granted lands by king Máel Coluim III , although it is possible that he received them from his father , while his brother Dolfin received much of Cumberland . As Gospatric held lands from both King David I of Scotland and King Henry I of England it is impossible to label him either `` English '' or `` Scottish '' . Gospatric enjoyed the benefits of the renewed prominence given to native Englishmen in the reign of Henry I . He and his children obtained many lands in England proper , and he himself gained jurisdiction over some northern English legal duties . He appears to have attained the status of `` earl '' by the year 1134 , when that style first appears in documentary sources . Earl Gospatric , described as `` the chief leader of the men of Lothian '' was killed at the Battle of the Standard , being `` struck by an arrow , he fell '' . He had four sons , Gospatric III ( his successor ) , Adam , Edward , and Edgar . His daughter , Juliana , married Ralph de Merlay . Ralph and Juliana founded Newminster Abbey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c92e2aa20923dcd87fe52d51ce4c66fc", "text": "Duke of Bedford Duke of Bedford ( named after Bedford , England ) is a title that has been created six times ( for five distinct people ) in the Peerage of England . The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV 's third son , John , who later served as regent of France . He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year . The titles became extinct on his death in 1435 . The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville , nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker . He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478 . The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George , the third son of Edward IV . He died the following year at the age of two . The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor , half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII . He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452 . However , as he was a Lancastrian , his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York . He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year . He had no legitimate children and the titles became extinct on his death in 1495 . The Russell family currently holds the titles of Earl and Duke of Bedford . John Russell , a close advisor of Henry VIII and Edward VI , was granted the title of Earl of Bedford in 1551 , and his descendant William , 5th Earl , was created Duke following the Glorious Revolution . The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Bedford , all in the Peerage of England , are Marquess of Tavistock ( created 1694 ) , Earl of Bedford ( 1550 ) , Baron Russell , of Cheneys ( 1539 ) , Baron Russell of Thornhaugh in the County of Northampton ( 1603 ) , and Baron Howland , of Streatham in the County of Surrey ( 1695 ) ( and possibly the Barony of Bedford , which was merged into it in 1138 , 1366 or 1414 ) . The courtesy title of the Duke of Bedford 's eldest son and heir is Marquess of Tavistock '' . Every Duke from the 5th Duke onwards is descended from Charles II of England . The family seat is Woburn Abbey , Bedfordshire . The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael 's Church in Chenies , Buckinghamshire ( photo ) . The family owns The Bedford Estate in central London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "298e7e2abb9c3ac5a2efe85795916333", "text": "Wars of the Three Kingdoms The Wars of the Three Kingdoms , sometimes known as the British Civil Wars , formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in England , Ireland and Scotland between 1639 and 1651 . The English Civil War proper has become the best-known of these conflicts and included the execution of the kingdoms ' monarch , Charles I , by the English parliament in 1649 . The history of these wars is often extended to include the uprisings and conflicts that continued through the 1650s until the English Restoration of the monarchy with Charles II , in 1660 , and sometimes until Venner 's uprising the following year . The wars were the outcome of tensions over religious and civil issues . Religious disputes centred on whether religion was to be dictated by the monarch or the choice of the individual , with many people feeling that they ought to have freedom of religion . The related civil questions were to what extent the king 's rule was constrained by parliaments -- in particular his right to raise taxes and armed forces without consent . Furthermore , the wars also had an element of national conflict , as Ireland and Scotland rebelled against England 's primacy within the Three Kingdoms . The victory of the English Parliament -- ultimately under Oliver Cromwell -- over the king , the Irish and the Scots helped to determine the future of Great Britain and Ireland as a constitutional monarchy with political power centred on London . The wars included the Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640 , the Scottish Civil War of 1644 -- 45 ; the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , Confederate Ireland , 1642 -- 49 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 ( collectively the Eleven Years War or Irish Confederate Wars ) ; and the First , Second and Third English Civil Wars of 1642 -- 46 , 1648 -- 49 and 1650 -- 51 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c48e1ee4f18f7a6761b813d4faec7f81", "text": "Richard of Lincoln (illegitimate son of Henry I of England) Richard of Lincoln ( b. before 1101 , d. 25 November 1120 ) was the illegitimate son of Henry I of England , born to Henry and a woman named Ansfride , widow of Aanskill ( origins unknown ) . She is often referred to as Henry 's third mistress . Richard was brought up and educated by Robert Bloet , the Bishop of Lincoln . Bloet had also educated Richard 's half-brother Robert , 1st Earl of Gloucester . Richard is sometimes confused with Richard de Lincoln , an Anglo-Norman prelate who died in 1203 . Richard supported his father in his war with Louis VI of France , although it is unclear at what point he joined the fight with the English forces . According to Orderic Vitalis , he avoided capture by French forces at Les Andelys in 1119 through the help of Ralph the Red of Pont-Echanfray . He continued to fight at his father 's side during the sieged the castle of Évreux being held by Henry 's most detested enemy , Amaury III de Montfort . His last known military adventure was at the battle of Brémule on 20 August 1119 , for which the decisive win by the English led to Louis ' accepting Richard 's half-brother William Adelin as Duke of Normandy . In 1120 , Richard became betrothed to Amice , the daughter of the defender of Brémule , Raoul II de Gael , seigneur of Gael and Montfort , son of Ralph de Gael , Earl of East Anglia . The marriage never took place as Richard died in the wreck of the White Ship on 25 November 1120 . Amice did not accompany him and lived until 1168 , marrying the king 's ward Robert de Beaumont , 2nd Earl of Leicester , and one of many descendents included Ida de Tosny , a mistress of Henry II Curtmantle , King of England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56225ea6a6fd016ca5a63a4072562025", "text": "Battle of Carham The Battle of Carham ( c. 1018 ) ( also referred to as the Battle of Coldstream ) was fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Northumbrians at Carham on Tweed . ` Uhtred , son of Waldef , earl of the Northumbrians , fought the combined forces of Máel Coluim ( II ) mac Cináeda ( Malcolm son of Cyneth , king of Scots ) and Owain the Bald ( King of Strathclyde ) . Their combined forces defeated Earl Uhtred 's forces determining the eastern border of Scotland at the River Tweed . Written Records of the Battle Sources for the battle are scarce . Those that do mention the battle often include it in a survey of other events . The English sources only briefly discuss the battle . Three of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle manuscripts ( C , D , and E ) record the events leading to the conflict : `` Then -LSB- Atheling Edmund and Earl Uhtred -RSB- led an army into Staffordshire and into Shropshire and to Chester , and they ravaged on their side and Cnut on his side . He then went out through Buckinghamshire into Bedfordshire , from there to Huntingdonshire , and so into Northamptionshire , long the fen to Stamford , and then into Lincolnshire ; then from there to Nottinghamshire and so into Northumbria towards York . '' Mael Coluin and Owain grouped together `` near Caddonlea ( Selkirkshire ) -LSB- ... -RSB- where the Wedale road from Alba met the Tweeddale road from Strathclyde , lay at the northern edge of Ettick Forest ( roughly corresponding with to Selkirkshire in extent ) which formed a march ( an underdeveloped and sparsely populated border zone ) between Cumbria and Northumbria . '' Uhtred 's forces intercepted them before they crossed Cheviot . This interception meant that he did not have enough time to gather enough troops . Another source , De obsessione Dunelmi ( `` On the Siege of Durham '' ) , places the battle under the 1018 annul listing Uhtred as the Northumbrian army . The Dating Controversy Symeon of Durham ( 12th Century ) , using dependable Northumbrian materials , records in Historia Dunelmensis Ecclesie places the battle in 1018 ( `` without mention of Uhtred '' ) . Frank Stenton proposed and some scholars maintain that astronomical events referred to in accounts of the battle actually indicate 1016 . Symeon 's record of a comet 's visibility during the battle correlates with astronomical evidence from August 1018 . Stenton also contended that the death of Earl Uhtred in 1016 voids the argument for 1018 . Three versions of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ( C , D , and E ) reference the death of Uhtred in the 1016 annul : `` When Uhtred learned this , he left his ravaging and hastened north-wards , and submitted then out of necessity , and with him all the Northumbrians and he gave hostages ; and nevertheless he was killed with him Thurketel , Nafena 's son ; and then after that the king ( Cnut ) appointed Eric for the Northumbrians , as their earl , just as Uhtred had been ; and then turned him southward by another route keeping to the west and the whole army then reached the ships before Easter . '' Stenton and C. Plummer argue that the earlier date of the battle used the 1016 annual 's inclusion of Uhtred 's death . Durham argues and Woolf supports that the mention is an aside from the scribe recording in 1018 or 1019 . De Obsessione Dunelmi ( c. 1165 ) supports Durham 's theory that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle scribe is discussing the more recent death of Uhtred as it places his death following the events outlined in the English source under the 1018 annul . Significance The battle 's significance is a matter of controversy , especially in regard to the region of Lothian . Scottish historians claim Lothian was won for Scotland at Carham and that Scotland 's borders were expanded as a result ; Marjorie O. Anderson argues that the English king Edgar the Peaceful granted Lothian to Cináed ( II ) mac Maíl Coluim , King of Scots , in 973 . In English sources , the Battle of Carham is not given any special significance . Still others , such as G.W.S. Barrow hold , that `` What English annalists recorded as the ` cession ' of Lothian was ... the recognition by a powerful but extremely remote south-country king of a long-standing fait accompli . '' The Scot 's possession of what now constitutes the south-east of Scotland seems to have been recognized by kings of England , even when kings such as Cnut and William the Conqueror invaded , as they did not seek permanent control of the area . Aftermath After the battle of Carham , much of present-day Scotland was under the control of the King of Scots , although Norsemen still held sway in Ross , Caithness , Sutherland , and The Isles . The Lords of Galloway remained semi-independent . Scotland or Scotia referred to what constitutes present-day Scotland north of the Forth and Clyde ; it was not until the time of King Dabíd ( I ) mac Maíl Choluim that people in the south-east of the kingdom began to think of themselves as Scots . In his own charters ( e.g. to St Cuthbert 's in Edinburgh ) , he continued to refer to the men of Lothian as English . Woolf asserts that `` the likelihood is that these are under representative glimpses of a much longer conflict which escaped he detailed gaze of our chroniclers because far more interesting things were happening in Southumbria and Ireland at the time . '' The Carham 1018 Society The Scotland-based society 's mission statement is `` to investigate , raise awareness , and commemorate the Battle of Carham . '' The society 's website provides dates for `` public meetings , commemorative events , and future plans '' as well as excerpts from articles and archaeological findings pertaining to the battle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e603b3257d8323ea9bfa728495808cd2", "text": "Edward III (disambiguation) Edward III of England ( 1312 -- 1377 ) was King of England from 1327 until his death . Edward III may also refer to : Edward III , Duke of Bar ( 1377 -- 1415 ) , who fought and died at the Battle of Agincourt during the Hundred Years ' War Edward III ( play ) , a play thought to be by William Shakespeare", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af88fde5e8b51a700701198ef5758d28", "text": "Anglo-Saxon weaponry Many different weapons were created and used in Anglo-Saxon England between the fifth and eleventh centuries . Spears were the most common weapon , and were used for piercing and throwing ( in which case the spear would be called a javelin ) . Other commonplace weapons included the sword , axe , and knife -- bows and arrows , as well as slings , were not frequently used by the Anglo-Saxons . For defensive purposes , the shield was the most common item used by warriors , although mail and helmets were sometimes used . Weapons also had symbolic value for the Anglo-Saxons , apparently having strong connections to gender and social status . Weapons were commonly included as grave goods in the early Anglo-Saxon burials . The vast majority of these weapons were buried in male graves , but there were some exceptions . In a non-funerary context , weapons were occasionally deposited in the ground or near rivers . However , the establishment of a literate Christian clergy in Anglo-Saxon England resulted in the production of several textual sources which describe weapons and their usage in battle . Some of these literary sources include the poems Beowulf and The Battle of Maldon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d5126edfd224467b5807556d966f6d", "text": "Henry V of England Henry V ( 9 August 1386 -- 31 August 1422 ) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422 . He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster . After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury , Henry came into political conflict with his father , whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward . After his father 's death in 1413 , Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 -- 1453 ) between the two nations . His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt ( 1415 ) and saw him come close to conquering France . After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France , the Treaty of Troyes ( 1420 ) recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne , and he was subsequently married to Charles 's daughter , Catherine of Valois ( 1401 -- 37 ) . Following Henry V 's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later , he was succeeded by his infant son , who reigned as Henry VI ( 1422 -- 61 , 1470 -- 71 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fe7eafe7002118de53e42adcbdae585", "text": "Richard de Clare, Steward of Forest of Essex Richard de Clare ( after 1281 -- 10 May 1318 ) 1st Lord Clare was the son of Thomas de Clare , Lord of Thomond and Juliana FitzGerald . A descendant of Strongbow , he succeeded his older brother , Gilbert , in 1308 as Lord of Thomond . In 1309 , and then again between 1312 and 1316 , he was sheriff of Cork . Forced to put down a number of rebellions , he was eventually killed while commanding his forces at the Battle of Dysert O'Dea near what is now Ennis , County Clare . According to legend , the day before his death , Richard de Clare beheld a woman dressed in white on the river 's edge washing bloody clothing and armor . When he asked whose clothes they were , she replied , `` yours , '' and then vanished . This woman was believed to be a banshee foretelling his death the next day when he lay dead with his clothes caked in blood on the battlefield of Dysert O'Dea ( Lewis Spence , The Magical Arts in Celtic Britain 81 ( 1999 ) ) . Richard was succeeded by his son Thomas , who was born in 1318 and died three years later . A series of inquisitions post mortem that were held following a writ issued on 10 April 1321 established that Thomas ' heirs were his father 's sisters ; Margaret , the wife of Bartholomew de Badlesmere and Maud , the wife of Sir Robert de Welle . As well as stewardship of the Forest of Essex , Thomas ' estate included numerous properties in Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ef0d8a8c27e40570e35f8d55a04d62", "text": "Black Death in England The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic , which reached England in June 1348 , and died down by December 1349 . It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic , caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria . The term `` Black Death '' was not used until the late 17th Century . Originating in China , it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony . The plague seems to have been spread by flea-infected rats , as well as individuals who had been infected on the continent . Rats were the reservoir hosts of the Y. pestis bacteria and the Oriental rat flea was the primary vector . The first known case in England was a seaman who arrived at Weymouth , Dorset , from Gascony in June 1348 . By autumn , the plague had reached London , and by summer 1349 it covered the entire country , before dying down by December . Low estimates of mortality in the early twentieth century have been revised upwards due to re-examination of data and new information , and a figure of 40 -- 60 % of the population is widely accepted . The English government handled the crisis well , and the country did not experience the extreme reactions that were seen elsewhere in Europe . The most immediate consequence was a halt to the campaigns of the Hundred Years ' War . In the long term , the decrease in population caused a shortage of labour , with subsequent rise in wages , resisted by the landowners , which caused deep resentment among the lower classes . The Peasants ' Revolt of 1381 was largely a result of this resentment , and even though the rebellion was suppressed , in the long term serfdom was ended in England . The Black Death also affected artistic and cultural efforts , and may have helped advance the use of the vernacular . In 1361 -- 62 the plague returned to England , this time causing the death of around 20 % of the population . After this the plague continued to return intermittently throughout the 14th and 15th centuries , in local or national outbreaks . From this point on its effect became less severe , and one of the last outbreaks of the plague in England was the Great Plague of London in 1665 -- 66 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b3298faa56899bef36921a99efee8b64	Boston is known as an international center of education.	[ { "docid": "09bb6d64d0e433e3416dbeeed68f351e", "text": "Boston Boston ( pronounced -LSB- ˈbɒstən -RSB- ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States . Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 . The city proper covers 48 mi2 with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015 , making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States . The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country . Alternately , as a Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people , making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States . One of the oldest cities in the United States , Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture . Through land reclamation and municipal annexation , Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula . Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public school , Boston Latin School ( 1635 ) , first subway system , the Tremont Street Subway ( 1897 ) , and first public park , Boston Common ( 1634 ) . The area 's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education , including law , medicine , engineering , and business , and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship , with nearly 2,000 startups . Boston 's economic base also includes finance , professional and business services , biotechnology , information technology , and government activities . Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States ; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment . The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification , though it remains high on world livability rankings .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a9dce5c6226857aff9ac1308ca6f8b92", "text": "Suffolk University Law School Suffolk University Law School ( also known as `` Suffolk Law School '' ) . Suffolk University Law School is a private , non-sectarian law school located in downtown Boston , Massachusetts . Suffolk University Law School was founded in 1906 by Gleason Archer , Sr. to provide a legal education for those who traditionally lacked the opportunity to study law because of socio-economic or racial discrimination . Suffolk is the fourth-oldest New England law school in continuous existence . The law school currently has both day and evening , part-time divisions . Suffolk University Law School has been accredited by the American Bar Association since 1953 and the Association of American Law Schools since 1977 . The school is located in Sargent Hall on Tremont Street in downtown Boston . Suffolk offers over 200 upper-level electives , the most of any law school in the country , and is consistently ranked one of the most technologically advanced schools in the nation . Suffolk publishes six law reviews , to which students , faculty , and other scholars contribute . Suffolk University Law School alumni are found in high-level judicial , political , and private positions throughout the United States . With over 25,000 alumni , Suffolk is the fourth largest law school in the United States . According to Suffolk Law 's 2013 ABA-required disclosures , 36.9 % of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time , long-term , JD-required employment nine months after graduation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c84714dd58d4d82edba408e692344c53", "text": "Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine The Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine is the dental school at Boston University . Its curriculum is noted for the Applied Professional Experience ( APEX ) Program , which gives students practical experience at a dental practice as part of clinical training . GSDM is also noted for its student and faculty research and is ranked highly in the nation . The School has about 800 students in predoctoral and postdoctoral programs . The School can trace its origins to 1958 when the Boston University Medical School started a Department of Stomatology to provide postdoctoral education in dentistry . At that time , the institution was the only one in the country devoted solely to specialty education in dentistry . In 1963 , it became Boston University School of Graduate Dentistry under the leadership of Dean Henry M. Goldman . In 1970 , the School moved to 100 East Newton Street . In 1972 , the School included a predoctoral program leading to a DMD degree . In 1996 , the School had outgrown its designation as a school of graduate dentistry and , accordingly , was renamed the `` Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine '' to better reflect the scope of the School 's education , research , patient care , and community missions . In 2008 , Dr. Jeffrey W. Hutter was named Dean of Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine . Under his leadership , the School has embarked on an Applied Strategic Planning Process , which will transform the School into the premier academic dental institution promoting excellence in dental education , research , oral health care , and community service to improve the overall health of the global population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cab9bac9af264dc4589bb1f154d7b4e1", "text": "Boston University School of Law Boston University School of Law ( BU Law ) is a nationally recognized law school located in the heart of Boston University 's campus on Commonwealth Avenue in Boston , Massachusetts . Consistently ranked among the top American law schools , `` U.S. News and World Report '' currently ranks it 23rd in the country . Three specialties are in the top 10 , including Health Law ( # 2 ) , Tax Law ( # 7 ) , and Intellectual Property Law ( # 9 ) . Princeton Review ranks it 1st place nationally in `` Best Professors '' and 8th place for `` Best Classroom Experience . '' For the class of 2018 , the median student LSAT score was 164 and median GPA was 3.68 . BU was one of the first law schools in the country to admit students regardless of race or gender , the second-oldest law school in Massachusetts , and a charter member of the American Bar Association . Nearly 700 students are enrolled in the full-time J.D. degree program and about 350 in the School 's five LLM degree programs . The School offers more than 200 classes and seminars , 21 study abroad opportunities , and 17 dual degree programs . Students learn critical legal theory and doctrine in classes that average a 10.6:1 student/faculty ratio , while developing professional lawyering skills in the School 's 1L Lawyering Lab , civil and criminal law clinics , national and international externships , pro bono placements , and transactional law program . BU also pioneered a clinic to represent victims of human trafficking in Boston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62b2802d7835ba0a7eb0c7d20836aadb", "text": "Academia Británica Cuscatleca The Academia Británica Cuscatleca ( ABC ) is a mixed bi-lingual bi-cultural school from Pre-Kinder to Grade 12 situated in Santa Tecla , El Salvador . The school has approximately 1,500 students in the Primary and Secondary Schools . The student body is mainly Central American with an increasing number of other international students . The language of instruction throughout the school is English with Spanish being used for a small number of classes . The school is accredited by the Council of International Schools , is an International Baccalaureate Diploma school , follows the International Primary Curriculum and a full International General Certificate of Secondary Education programme ( IGCSE ) . The United Kingdom Department for Education number of the school is 7036495 . The ABC is the school of the Fundación Escolar Británico Salvadoreña , a non-profit foundation established in 1970 to provide a British/Salvadoran international style education . The school is values based seeking to develop `` responsible outstanding citizens '' who will make a difference in the world . The school recently received the Values-based education Quality Mark following a visit by Dr. Neil Hawkes . The school actively promotes its agreed shared values through all aspect of school life . The school 's motto is ` effort leads to success ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3936f19984e67ccb30a1aab7aabd0b38", "text": "W. Dean Eastman W. Dean Eastman is a nationally recognized educator and writer who was born in Lawrence , Massachusetts on February 22 , 1948 , the son of Weston D. and Harriet Eastman . Eastman attended the Andover , MA Public Schools and , while a student at Andover High School , was a member of the Latin Club , a library assistant , won third place in the science fair , and won 8 athletic letters in football , indoor track , and outdoor track . In his senior year , Andover High won the Massachusetts All-Class Track and Field Championship . Eastman placed in the 200-meter dash and was a member of the 800-meter relay team that placed second . His classmates at Andover High included Tonight Show host Jay Leno and Emmy-Award winning soap opera writer Lorraine Broderick . Eastman attended Drake University from 1966-1970 . He was a member of the Bulldog Track team as a freshman . Eastman graduated from Drake in 1970 with a BSE in Social Science . Eastman received an MSE and Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study at Springfield College ( 1976 , 1977 ) . In 2000 he received an ALM degree with a concentration in Government from Harvard University . His thesis topic was `` The Influence of Immigration on the Development of Civic Education in the United States from 1880-1925 '' . Eastman is a recipient of Harvard University 's Derek Bok Prize for Public Service . He is an elected fellow at both the Massachusetts Historical Society and Colonial Society of Massachusetts , and served an eight-year term as one of eight members of Adams Family Papers Administration Committee from 2005-2013 . He also served on the boards of the Public Broadcasting System ( PBS ) , the National Teacher Source Advisory Group from 2004-2005 , and the Massachusetts Civil Liberties Union Education Steering Committee from 1990-2010 . Eastman has been selected for Who 's Who in the World and Who 's Who in America in every year from 2000-2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65392032384368ed2bc2b074dbcadeb4", "text": "Sports in Boston Boston , the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in the New England region of the northeastern United States , is home to several major league sports teams , including the Red Sox ( baseball ) , the Celtics ( basketball ) and the Bruins ( ice hockey ) . The New England Patriots ( American football ) and the New England Revolution ( soccer ) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough , Massachusetts . Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college athletics . Sports are a major part of the city 's culture ( as well as the culture of the Greater Boston area ) . Boston sports fans are known for their fanatical devotion to the Red Sox and knowledge of the team 's history . Fenway Park , home of the Red Sox , is the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) and holds a legendary status among baseball fans . Boston is the only city in professional sports in which all facilities are privately owned and operated . The Patriots own Gillette Stadium , the Red Sox own Fenway Park , and TD Garden is owned by Delaware North , owner of the Bruins . The Celtics rent TD Garden from Delaware North . In the 2000s , Boston 's professional teams had arguably the most successful decade in sports history , winning ten championships ( five by the Patriots , three by the Red Sox and one each by the Celtics and Bruins ) . When the Bruins won the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , the city of Boston became the first city in the 21st century to have all four of its major professional league teams win a league championship , and it is the only city ever to have championships in all four major professional leagues within a ten-year span ( from the Patriots ' victory in February 2002 to the Bruins ' in June 2011 ) . In just ten years , between February 2002 and June 2011 , Boston 's teams completed what Sports Illustrated dubbed as the `` Grand Slam of North American sports . '' With the Patriots ' victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX , the four major Boston-area sports teams completed a grand-slam in six years ( the 2008 Celtics , the 2011 Bruins , the 2013 Red Sox and the 2014 Patriots ) . Beyond that , several of the teams were league finalists : the Revolution four times , the Patriots twice and the Bruins and Celtics once apiece . With the Bruins reaching the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , this allowed Boston to join Philadelphia as being the only cities to have had all of their teams play in each of the four major North American professional sports leagues ' title rounds since 2000 , following the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002 , XXXVIII in 2004 , XXXIX in 2005 , XLII in 2008 , XLVI in 2012 , XLIX in 2015 , and LI in 2017 and winning all of them , except Super Bowl XLII and XLVI , the Red Sox winning World Series titles in ( ending the Curse of the Bambino ) , , and , and the Celtics in the NBA Finals in and and winning in 2008 . In addition , Boston beat out Philadelphia for playing in all of the `` big '' league championship rounds in the shortest time in the new millennium , as it took 9 years for Philadelphia to achieve this feat ; Boston needed only three years and eight months . From 2004 to 2015 , all four Boston major league teams have each reached the championship rounds two times or more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c71ebf03ffac4ca7024ed2b37e22aad9", "text": "Boston Lyceum (disambiguation) Boston Lyceum may refer to : in Boston , Massachusetts Boston Lyceum for the Education of Young Ladies ( est. 1811 ) , school overseen by John Park Boston Lyceum periodical , ca. 1827 Boston Lyceum ( est. 1829 ) , civic association for popular education , lectures , debates , etc. . Boston Lyceum , a theatre on Sudbury Street , -LSB- ca.1848-1851 ? -RSB- Boston Lyceum Bureau ( est. 1868 ) , commercial booking agency for lecturers and performers Lyceum Theatre , Washington Street , -LSB- ca.1890s-1900s ? -RSB- Boston Lyceum School , -LSB- ca.1910s-1930s ? -RSB- Category : Disambiguation pages", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d8ba2bd625a033d72734f00a4531c48", "text": "Business English Business English is a part of English for specific purposes and can be considered a specialism within English language learning and teaching . Many non-native English speakers study the subject with the goal of doing business with English-speaking countries , or with companies located outside the English-speaking world but which nonetheless use English as a shared language or lingua franca . Much of the English communication that takes place within business circles all over the world occurs between non-native speakers . In cases such as these , the object of the exercise is efficient and effective communication . The strict rules of grammar are in such cases sometimes ignored , when , for example , a stressed negotiator 's only goal is to reach an agreement as quickly as possible . ( See linguist Braj Kachru 's theory of the `` expanding circle '' . ) Business English means different things to different people . For some , it focuses on vocabulary and topics used in the worlds of business , trade , finance , and international relations . For others it refers to the communication skills used in the workplace , and focuses on the language and skills needed for typical business communication such as presentations , negotiations , meetings , small talk , socializing , correspondence , report writing , and a systematic approach . In both of these cases it can be taught to native speakers of English , for example , high school students preparing to enter the job market . Business English is a variant of international English . One can study it at a college or university . Institutes around the world have courses or modules in BE available , which can lead to a degree in the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34794fadc1c7c3d2d80a6e1184bcd9aa", "text": "Bangkok School of Management Bangkok School of Management ( BSM ) is an educational institution in Thailand , established in 1998 , which offers courses in business and management . It is located on the 16th floor of the Amarin Plaza in the Ratchaprasong area of Bangkok . The school operated initially as an American Degree programme provider in partnership with Southern New Hampshire University , USA . Due to natural evolution and academic demand , the institution had gradually evolved to be focusing more on UK and European curriculum based education , and to fill a void within this academic space . As of current , BSM is the Official Learning Support Centre for Northumbria University , Newcastle UK , for the undergraduate programme , and IPE Management School Paris for the post graduate Master of Business Administration ( MBA programme ) . Student and faculty profile Approximately 80 % of the students and 70 % of the faculty members come from an international background , positioning BSM as one of the only educational institutions in the region with an international approach to education . The students and staff come from a range of different countries , representing the continents of Europe , Asia , Australasia . All of the classes at BSM are conducted in English . Undergraduate programme BSM offers a `` 2 +1 '' undergraduate programme , providing students the possibility of completing their first two years of undergraduate study in Bangkok , and the final year of their bachelor 's degree either in Thailand itself , or directly in the UK at Northumbria University 's main campus in Newcastle . There are two bachelor 's degree programmes offered to students through this pathway : 1 ) BA ( Hons ) Leadership and Management 2 ) BSc ( Hons ) Business and Management Post Graduate programme As the Official Support Centre for IPE Management School , BSM launched the only internationally accredited European MBA programme in Thailand , in July 2015 . This is a blended learning system , giving the students the option to attend two classes per module , complimented by private online study . There are a total of 8 modules to be completed + 1 dissertation ( study period of between 12 -- 18 months ) . Upon graduation , students will receive a MBA degree from IPE Management School of Paris , a `` Grande Ecole '' within the Reseau des Grandes Ecoles Specialisees ( GES ) , a level 1 accreditation in France . BSM Tutor BSM provides university preparedness tutorials , focused on areas such as business and academic English ( IELTS , TOEFL , TOIEC ) , mathematics , and general one on hour tutorial support which can be customized to the needs of the student . Training Apart from the academic and student support programmes provided , BSM also offers training in the area of corporate development and personal development , with over 1000 people trained from a variety of different companies and fields within the ASEAN region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a6dbf9fa7f29b4b36747b709e32b482", "text": "Boston (disambiguation) Boston is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts . Boston may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9982c220db860073f55f36cee76e93e0", "text": "National Center on Time & Learning The National Center on Time & Learning ( NCTL ) is a Boston-based non-profit dedicated to expanded learning time to improve student achievement and enable a well-rounded education . Through research , public policy , and technical assistance , NCTL supports national , state , and local initiatives that add significantly more school time for academic and enrichment opportunities to help all children meet the demands of the 21st century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b694867b91e98182cab801cba7d9d149", "text": "Buenos Aires International Christian Academy Buenos Aires International Christian Academy , abbreviated `` BAICA '' , is a pre-K through Grade 12 International school in San Fernando , Buenos Aires Province , in Greater Buenos Aires . BAICA is a member of the Association of Christian Schools International ( ACSI ) , and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . There are more than 20 nationalities represented within the student body whose families represent the diplomatic , missionary , international business and local communities . BAICA provides a Christian education and offers small class sizes . It is open to children of any faith . The curriculum is based on an international system of education . In addition to the core subjects of Math , English , Social Studies and Science , courses in Spanish , Bible , Fine Arts , Computer Studies and Physical Education are part of the curriculum . BAICA also offers Advanced Placement ( AP ) classes , and Honors classes . Most of the classes are taught in English by certified American teachers . Students also take part in extracurricular activities such as violin , guitar , singing , drama , musicals , journalism , outreach teams and service clubs . Students of BAICA graduate with dual degrees : U.S. and Argentine . The academic goal of BAICA is that graduates will be prepared to enter U.S. or other western Universities and Colleges . The daily schedule is from 8:30 am to 4:00 pm and the school year is divided in two semesters : August to December and February to June . It is unusual in comparison with Argentine schools because BAICA 's school year starts in August , in keeping with a more US or international based calendar , whereas the Argentine school year begins in February .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0d798ac3f6409c61737600fa62ba8e6", "text": "New England School of Law New England Law \| Boston ( also known as NESL or New England Law and formerly known as the New England School of Law ) is a private law school located in the Boston Theater District of Boston , Massachusetts . It was founded in 1908 as a law school for women . According to NESL 's 2013 ABA-required disclosures , 40.6 % of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time , long-term , JD-required employment nine months after graduation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c41f8429b1a672181c3367e5e1cc265e", "text": "Higher education in the United States Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education . Higher education , also referred to as post-secondary education , third stage , third level , or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions , either colleges or universities in the country . These may be public universities , private universities , liberal arts colleges , community colleges , or for-profit colleges . High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet , such as massive open online courses , competency-based education , cutbacks in state spending , rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loans . According to the National Student Clearinghouse , US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades . Strong research and funding have helped make American colleges and universities among the world 's most prestigious , making them particularly attractive to international students , professors and researchers in the pursuit of academic excellence . Unlike the tertiary education system of the UK and Australia , American education is unique in the world to place strong emphasis on Liberal Arts education in its higher education curriculum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "844709134a93cc12a251c3cc4b169300", "text": "Harvard Department of Social Relations The Department of Social Relations for Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies , more commonly known as the `` Department of Social Relations '' was an interdisciplinary collaboration among three of the social science departments at Harvard University ( anthropology , psychology , and sociology ) beginning in 1946 . Originally , the program was headquartered in Emerson Hall at Harvard before moving to William James Hall in 1965 . While the name `` Social Relations '' is often associated with the program 's long-time chair and guiding spirit , sociologist Talcott Parsons , many major figures of mid-20th-century social science also numbered among the program 's faculty , including psychologists Gordon Allport ( personality and motivation ) , Jerome Bruner ( cognitive psychology and narrative analysis ) , Roger Brown ( social psychology and psycholinguistics ) , and Henry Murray ( personality ) ; anthropologists Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn ( value orientations ) , John and Beatrice Whiting ( cross-cultural child development ) , Evon Z. Vogt ( comparative religion ) ; and sociologist Alex Inkeles ( Soviet studies and national character ) . Many of its graduate students also went on to be major figures in U.S. social sciences during the latter part of the twentieth century ; their work tends towards strong interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches . Allport and Boring discussed the origins of the department 's name in the April 1946 issue of the American Psychologist : While -LSB- academic -RSB- departmental lines have remained rigid , there has been developing during the last decade , a synthesis of socio-cultural and psychological sciences which is widely recognized within the academic world in spite of the fact that there is no commonly accepted name to designate the synthesis . We propose that Harvard adopt , and thus help establish , the term Social Relations to characterize the emerging discipline which deals not only with the body of fact and theory traditionally recognized as the subject matter of sociology , but also with that portion of psychological science that treats the individual within the social system , and that portion of anthropological science that is particularly relevant to the social and cultural patterns of literate societies . Social Relations sponsored or collaborated in a number of research studies characterized by explicit cross-cultural comparisons and multidisciplinary approaches to problems of policy or social theory . Major projects included the Six Cultures Study ( headed by John and Beatrice Whiting , an anthropological study of child development in six different cultures , including a New England Baptist community ; a Philippine barrio ; an Okinawan village ; an Indian village in Mexico ; a northern Indian caste group ; and a rural tribal group in Kenya ) ; a multidisciplinary analysis of Soviet culture and society , published in part as How the Soviet System Works ; and the Comparative Study of Values in Five Cultures during the 1950s , which examined five very different communities living in the same region of Texas : Zuni , Navajo , Mormon ( LDS ) , Spanish-American ( Mexican-American ) , and Texas Homesteaders . The curriculum of the Harvard Social Relations had four inter-related components : Sociology ; Social Psychology ; Social Anthropology ; and Personality Theory . The program disaggregated into its component departments around 1972 , though a certain interdisciplinarity remained throughout the 1970s . A similar program at Yale , the Institute for Human Relations , also now disbanded , developed the Human Relations Area Files ( HRAF ) , a cross-cultural database for comparative research , administered by Carol and Melvin Ember .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "463112a6f1e78cfea67635628f0c0991", "text": "Faneuil Hall Faneuil Hall ( -LSB- ˈfænjəl -RSB- or -LSB- ˈfænəl -RSB- previously -LSB- ˈfʌnəl -RSB- ) , located near the waterfront and today 's Government Center , in Boston , Massachusetts , has been a marketplace and a meeting hall since 1743 . It was the site of several speeches by Samuel Adams , James Otis , and others encouraging independence from Great Britain . Now it is part of Boston National Historical Park and a well-known stop on the Freedom Trail . It is sometimes referred to as `` the Cradle of Liberty '' . In 2008 , Faneuil Hall was rated number 4 in America 's 25 Most Visited Tourist Sites by Forbes Traveler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa08818a6d23e57ac86b469a4bd9017c", "text": "List of diplomatic missions in Boston This is a list of diplomatic missions in Boston ( and surrounding environs of `` Greater '' or `` Metro-Boston '' ) . These countries have established a resident consular presence to provide diplomatic and trade representation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a97a38553f59ec852089e898f524cea", "text": "International House World Organisation International House World Organisation is a worldwide network of 160 language schools and teacher training institutes in 56 countries . International House was founded in 1953 by John Haycraft and his wife Brita Haycraft in Cordoba ( Spain ) , to provide an innovative approach to language teaching . At that time formal programmes of training for teachers of English as a Foreign Language were almost non-existent . John Haycraft was the first to introduce formalised teacher training in 1962 , and the course International House developed in the 1960s and 1970s became first the Royal Society of Arts Certificate in teaching English , and then the current CELTA training course organised by Cambridge ESOL . Teaching at International House schools broadly follows what is often called the `` communicative method '' , which focuses on student to student interaction as opposed to the teacher-centred approach of traditional language teaching . However , since the mid-nineties , this has been augmented into what is called ` principled eclecticism ' to incorporate lexical , task-based and generally more ` function-based ' approaches to language learning and teaching .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "776c29608ba2787bb7a952eb7b5f5c59", "text": "German Scholars Boston German Scholars Boston , also known as German Scholars Agency , and abbreviated as GSA or GSB , is an independent organization of more than 12,000 German-speaking scholars , alumni and professionals living and working in Cambridge or the greater Boston area interested in Germanic culture . It comprises scientists , scholars , students , fellows , post-docs and alumni from all major universities in the area , such as Harvard University , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Boston University and Tufts University , as well as professionals from different companies , and people from government - and non-governmental organizations . It has more than 6000 alumni . GSB provides a forum for its members to meet , discuss , exchange ideas and vital information . GSB invites to specific cultural and social events to get together on a regular basis .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5a08a2406096e4964c7115d542377a97	David Schwimmer and John Krasinski have worked together.	[ { "docid": "3f7d94f370236ef60d72dcd6db36c434", "text": "Duane Hopwood Duane Hopwood is a 2005 film featured in the Sundance Film Festival starring David Schwimmer and Janeane Garofalo , with a supporting cast featuring Judah Friedlander , Dick Cavett , Susan Lynch , John Krasinski , Rachel Covey , and Mia Dillon . The movie was written and directed by Matt Mulhern and released by IFC Films in November 2005 . The film 's plot centers on the title character ( Schwimmer ) , an alcoholic whose life is spiraling downward rapidly after his divorce from Linda ( Garofalo ) . The movie , writer/director Matt Mulhern 's second film , was well received by critics , named by Roger Ebert as `` one of the best movies of 2005 . '' He also said that David Schwimmer gave a `` career-transforming performance . '' IFC did not release the film in New York City or Los Angeles , focusing instead on Philadelphia , Tucson and Kansas City . HBO released the DVD in April 2006 and Showtime and The Movie Channel began the cable run in December 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30bc1f2472c513813979754bf9f4e4b1", "text": "David Schwimmer David Lawrence Schwimmer ( born November 2 , 1966 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He was born in Flushing , Queens , New York , and his family moved to Los Angeles when he was 2 . He began his acting career performing in school plays at Beverly Hills High School . In 1988 , he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in theater and speech . After graduation , Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company . For much of the late 1980s , he lived in Los Angeles as a struggling , unemployed actor . He starred in the television movie A Deadly Silence in 1989 and appeared in a number of television roles , including on L.A. Law , The Wonder Years , NYPD Blue , and Monty , in the early 1990s . Schwimmer later gained worldwide recognition for playing Ross Geller in the sitcom Friends , for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995 . His first leading film role was in The Pallbearer ( 1996 ) , followed by roles in Kissing a Fool ( 1998 ) , Six Days , Seven Nights ( 1998 ) , Apt Pupil , and Picking Up the Pieces ( 2000 ) . He was then cast in the miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) as Herbert Sobel . After the series finale of Friends in 2004 , Schwimmer was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama Duane Hopwood . Other film roles include the voice of Melman the Giraffe in the computer-animated Madagascar film franchise , the dark comedy Big Nothing ( 2006 ) , and the thriller Nothing But the Truth ( 2008 ) . Schwimmer made his West End stage debut in the leading role in Some Girl ( s ) in 2005 . In 2006 , he made his Broadway debut in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . Schwimmer made his feature film directorial debut with the 2007 comedy Run Fatboy Run . The following year he made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in the 2008 production , Fault Lines . In 2016 , he starred as lawyer Robert Kardashian in American Crime Story , for which he received his second Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5bc1784cfe103381fbbcf8bbb694e699", "text": "Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a41b2b3b540cefc2748e997ab1727580", "text": "David S. Weiss David S. Weiss is an American comedy writer . He has written for Dennis Miller Live , CNBC 's `` Dennis Miller '' , The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn , and Penn & Teller : Bullshit ! . In 2005 , he ran unsuccessfully for the Writers Guild of America board of directors . From March 2007 , he was Dennis Miller 's talk radio sidekick on The Dennis Miller Show , where he was referred to as `` Salman , '' or `` Sal '' . Miller assigned Weiss the moniker early in their time working together , due to his purported resemblance to Sir Salman Rushdie . He was also referred to as `` Count Dracu-sal '' and an eerie organ music cue ( Johann Sebastian Bach 's Toccata and Fugue in D Minor ) was played whenever he made funny and/or cryptic remarks that reflected his penchant for black comedy . Miller also frequently referred to `` Sal '' as his `` go-to Jew '' , when he needed some inside information on Jewish culture and customs . Weiss is a banjo player . On February 17 , 2009 , after not missing a radio show for the first two years , Dennis Miller nicknamed the dark-humored comic the `` Cal Ripken of Hate '' . During the February 22nd , 2010 show , it was announced on air Weiss would be leaving the show February 26 to pursue other opportunities . He is married to television writer and story editor Joan Binder Weiss .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35d1fa10f0db494a3c53824a41a6098a", "text": "John Safran's Music Jamboree John Safran 's Music Jamboree ( or just Music Jamboree ) was a light-hearted Australian music documentary television series , hosted by John Safran for SBS television . The program was produced by Richard Lowenstein , Selin Yaman and Ghost Pictures and directed by Craig Melville , Richard Lowenstein and a number of other directors under the production company Ghost of Your Ex-Boyfriend Productions in association with SBS Independent . It screened in 2002 , and consisted of sketches and outlandish public stunts , typical of Safran 's work . The series won two Australian Film Institute Awards ; `` Best Comedy Series '' and `` Most Innovative Program Concept '' . SBS followed the series up with the similarly styled John Safran vs. God in 2004 . An infamous stunt of the series was sneaking nine friends into an exclusive Melbourne nightclub by dressing them up as the masked American metal band , Slipknot . The producers arranged entry for the impostors by pretending to be an American management company over the phone . Other stunts included disguising himself as well known entertainers such as Ozzy Osbourne and Prince to harass the public , sketch versions of music videos such as Eminem , the creation of Jew Town , a Jewish boy band to compete with Christian pop , and returning to Yeshivah College to pay homage to Kevin Bacon in Footloose . He also details his time in the hip-hop group Raspberry Cordial , and the related incident in which he met the Beastie Boys and the band 's former DJ attempted to steal his girlfriend at the time . A regular segment on the series was `` The Music Mole '' . In this segment a person dressed in a large mole costume ( much like a mascot ) was interviewed by Safran . The person was reported to be an insider ( i.e. a mole ) in the music industry who would reveal little known , often controversial facts about both the Australian and international music industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8a8c571b1e5fe50207d408b3af4d33", "text": "Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on . The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews . The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ff6dfa87151afa8a817806ff1a698de", "text": "David E. Tolchinsky David E. Tolchinsky ( born David Jan Edelson ) is a screenwriter , playwright , sound designer , and academic . He is Chair of Northwestern University 's Department of Radio-TV-Film and Founder/Director of Northwestern University School of Communication 's MFA in Writing for the Screen + Stage . As a screenwriter , his feature film Girl is distributed by iTunes and has been seen internationally . He has been commissioned by such studios as Touchstone/Disney , MGM , Ivan Reitman 's Montecito Pictures , USA Networks , Edward R. Pressman Film Corp , and Addis-Wechsler & Assoc. / Industry Entertainment to write feature screenplays . He is the author of original screenplays such as The Last Crash and Reflections on a Teenage Anti-Christ featured in a New York Times article about home offices . Some of his work centers on teen subcultures such as heavy-metal fans , Florida surfer teens , teen groupies , and female football players , particularly in relation to social decay . He is also interested in horror , both psychological and physical . As a sound designer , he has designed the sound for interactive computer environments and video installations which have been exhibited internationally . In 2003 , he was nominated for a Motion Picture Sound Editors Guild Golden Reel Award for his sound design for Dolly . In 2008 , he was appointed as a Northwestern University Charles Deering McCormick Professor of Teaching Excellence . In 2009 , he co-curated The Horror Show at Dorsky Gallery Curatorial Programs in New York City which explored horror in film , video , installation , photography , sculpture and painting and which was featured as a The Village Voice `` Voice Choice for Art '' and on their blog , and which was accompanied by a 32-page catalog . In 2011 , he co-produced Debra Kahn Tolchinsky 's Fast Talk , which investigates the accelerated speed of argumentation in college debate and which is available on iTunes and Amazon instant . Recently , he published `` Where 's the Rest of Me ? '' a reflective essay about Spalding Gray in Paraphilia Magazine and co-curated with Debra Kahn Tolchinsky The Presence of Absence sponsored by the Contemporary Arts Council at Hairpin Arts Center in Chicago , chosen by Chicago Magazine as one of the `` 16 best art gallery shows to see now in Chicago '' and described in The Huffington Post as `` The space is gorgeous , the art solid , challenging , yet accessible . This is a wonderfully odd , powerful , thoughtful show '' . He was also ranked # 14 on New City 's Film 50 2013 : Chicago 's Screen Gems , was the recipient of a 2014 Illinois Arts Council Artist Fellowship in Literature , and was voted Best Director for his play , Where 's the Rest of Me ? ( which was nominated for Best Play and which was an adaptation of his essay ) , at the 2015 Riant Theatre One-Act Play Festival in New York City . Most recently , his play Clear was published in Issue 3 2015 of Proscenium Journal , he was ranked number 8 with Debra Kahn Tolchinsky on New City 's Film 50 2015 : Chicago 's Screen Gems , and he co-curated Sick by Seven ( seven plays/films about mental health in the modern world ) at A Red Orchid Theatre in Chicago as part of its Incubator Series . He is a graduate of Yale ( 1985 , BA , magna cum laude ) and USC School of Cinematic Arts/School of Cinema-Television ( 1988 , MFA ) . He continues to collaborate often with his spouse , the media artist Debra Kahn Tolchinsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9537bbc2d27c9fe4abbb204008e81351", "text": "John Kruth John Kruth is a singer/songwriter/multi-instrumentalist best known for his highly energetic `` Banshee Mandolin '' style of playing . He is also proficient on guitar , banjo , harmonica and various flutes . Kruth is co-founder and the main songwriter of New York-based world music ensemble TriBeCaStan , and also a music journalist and author . Kruth 's first biography , Bright Moments -- The Life and Legacy of Rahsaan Roland Kirk was first published in the U.S. and England in 2000 by Welcome Rain Books . Bright Moments was translated into Japanese and published by Kawade Shobo in 2005 . His most recent biography is Rhapsody In Black - The Life and Music of Roy Orbison from Hal Leonard Books , NYC . He is also the author of To Live 's To Fly - the Ballad of Townes Van Zandt , was published by Da Capo Books in March 2007 , winner of 2008 Deems Taylor ASCAP Award for Best Musical Biography . John has nine solo albums to his credit . His latest CD , Splitsville , was released in the fall of 2008 by Smiling Fez Records . In November 1997 Kruth performed at Carnegie Hall as a soloist for composer John Corigliano on the Moroccan folk oboe called the ghaita , commonly played by the Master Musicians of Jajouka . He has also performed with playwright Sam Shepard , poet Allen Ginsberg , Patti Smith , performance artist Laurie Anderson , producer Hal Willner , folksinger John Prine , as well as Violent Femmes , the Meat Puppets , King Missile , Peter Stampfel , Rick Danko , Garth Hudson , James Belushi , Steve Buscemi , Eric von Schmidt , Stan Ridgeway , Bob Neuwirth , Die Kreuzen , Cyberchump and members of Camper Van Beethoven . In 2006 , John traveled to India where he studied mandolin and performed with Carnatic mandolin virtuoso U. Rajesh . Kruth is currently a Professor of Music at the College of Mount St. Vincent . In the past , his writing has appeared in the New York Times , Rolling Stone , The Progressive , Frets , and Signal to Noise . He is currently a regular contributor to Rave ( India ) , Sing Out ! , Wax Poetics and Fretboard Journal . He spent much of his early career in Milwaukee , but now lives in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3709fd9a2c3a4281515dbf1b456c63cf", "text": "David Production is a Japanese animation studio known for the anime television series adaptation for the long-running manga series JoJo 's Bizarre Adventure . The company was founded by former Gonzo president and producer Kōji Kajita and fellow producer Taito Okiura in September 2007 upon having left Gonzo . The company 's first work was as an animation subcontractor , but in 2009 David Production undertook their first full animation production as a primary contractor with Ristorante Paradiso . Fuji Television acquired the studio on August 1 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c2dbb8030ac8b9f2bfdc783adc00de2", "text": "The Wachowskis Lana Wachowski ( formerly Laurence `` Larry '' Wachowski , born June 21 , 1965 ) and Lilly Wachowski ( formerly Andrew Paul `` Andy '' Wachowski , born December 29 , 1967 ) are American film directors , screenwriters , and producers . They are siblings , and are both trans women . Collectively known as The Wachowskis and formerly as The Wachowski Brothers , the pair made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound , and reached fame with their second film The Matrix ( 1999 ) , a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director . They wrote and directed its two sequels : The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions ( both in 2003 ) , and were deeply involved in the writing and production of other works in the franchise . Following the commercial success of The Matrix series , they wrote and produced the 2006 film V for Vendetta ( an adaptation of the comic of the same name by Alan Moore ) , and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer , which was a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series of the same name . Their next film , Cloud Atlas , based on the novel of the same name by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer , was released in 2012 . Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8 both debuted in 2015 . The siblings have worked as a writing and directing unit throughout their professional film careers from Bound through the first season of Sense8 . Following her gender transition , Lilly Wachowski took a break from active writing and directing ; Lana worked on the second season of Sense8 without her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27d966464f50090b1f1b81ca343809a", "text": "Kaleidoscope (newspaper) Kaleidoscope was an underground newspaper that was published in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . Founded by John Kois , radio disk jockey Bob Reitman , and John Sahli ( a member of The Shags ) , it was published from October 6 , 1967 to November 11 , 1971 , printing 105 biweekly issues in all . The paper 's first issue was printed with a borrowed $ 250 in an edition of 3500 copies , which sold out in two days . In the first anniversary issue of Kaleidoscope a brief history of the paper 's origins appeared : ' `` The need for a Milwaukee-based underground newspaper was apparent early in 1967 . It was talked about , tentative plans made and loose alliances formed , throughout the spring and summer , but nothing definite was done until July , when George Richard , a happy man of business , offered to underwrite the first issue . The first `` staff '' meeting was held in the Knickerbocker Coffee Shop . It was quite a crew : Bob Reitman , cemetery managing rock freak poet ; John Sahli , industrial designing former gentle Shag ; and John Kois , drifter free lance writer recently escaped from the coast . '' ' From its first issue , Kaleidoscope was subject to censorship attempts , including arrest of vendors in some suburbs and a drive to put its printer out of business ; one case went to the U.S. Supreme Court ( after the newspaper had folded ) , which ruled in Kois v. Wisconsin that the newspaper 's publication of two photos and a poem entitled `` Sex Poem '' in an article about censorship did not constitute obscenity . `` One of the requirements to get on this paper , '' John Kois told a reporter for Rolling Stone , `` is that you have to dig fucking and doping . '' Kaleidoscope was an affiliate of the Liberation News Service ( LNS ) and Underground Press Syndicate ( UPS ) . It finally succumbed after four years to a combination of financial pressures , internal factionalism and burn-out . The 1971 death of printer Bill Schanen , who withstood a boycott of his printing business after he started printing the undergrounds on his presses , may also have been a factor in the paper 's demise . Schanen 's son continued to print the paper but refused to extend any more credit . With the paper $ 15,000 in debt to 42 creditors , and revenues sinking fast , it soon folded . At various times , Kaleidoscope also published several sister papers around the upper Midwest : the Chicago Kaleidoscope ( first issue dated Nov. 22-Dec . 5 1968 , later merged with the Chicago Seed ) ; Omaha Kaleidoscope ; Fox Valley Kaleidoscope ( based in Oshkosh , Wisconsin ) , and the Madison Kaleidoscope . There was also a short-lived affiliate in Indianapolis . These papers shared a common printer ( Bill Schanen in Port Washington , Wisconsin ) , and sold advertising space to national advertisers that ran in all the active papers of the chain . Each ran local and hard news in a front section which was combined with a shared second section edited in Milwaukee , containing less parochial material ( mostly arts and culture ) derived or reprinted from national and syndicated sources . This latter `` Part II '' was also sold to other underground newspapers to be used as a supplement to their local content . Advertising revenue from this source was greatly diminished starting in 1969 after the FBI allegedly pressured advertisers such as Columbia Records to quit running advertisements in the underground press ; although some observers have also attributed the sharp falloff in record company advertising which was experienced by all of the underground press to the rise of specialized rock music papers like Rolling Stone.Kaleidoscope also operated two peripheral businesses in Milwaukee : the Granfalloon coffeehouse , and the Interabang bookstore at 1668 N. Warren Ave. After Kaleidoscope ceased publication in late 1971 a number of staffers joined the Bugle-American '' . Kois ended up working for Al Goldstein 's Screw magazine . Reitman continued to work as a radio personality in Milwaukee , where he is still on the radio one night a week as of June 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb949a360d6ffbbc076980cfe0af9976", "text": "A Place to Stand (film) A Place to Stand is a 1967 film produced and edited by the Canadian artist and filmmaker Christopher Chapman for the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67 in Montréal , Québec , Canada . For the film , he pioneered the concept of moving panes , of moving images , within the single context of the screen . At times there are 15 separate images moving at once . This technique , which he dubbed `` multi-dynamic image technique '' has since been employed in many films , notably Norman Jewison 's 1968 film The Thomas Crown Affair . Mr. Jewison has credited Mr. Chapman as the creator of the edit style . The technique can also be seen on television in the series 24 . It is said that most of the editing decisions were worked out in an accountant 's spreadsheet book and the pencil edit plan resembled flow charts . Chapman has said that at one point in the editing process he stood there in the room , bits of footage hanging from clips all around him . He felt crushed by the force of his vision and he was a breath away from quitting . Even at the first screening , Chapman was exhausted and unsure but as he left the room , Steve McQueen watching at the back , grabbed Chapman and told him that he was blown away by the film . The 18-minute film used 70mm stock and was projected onto a 66 by 30 foot screen . It contains no dialogue , but only music by a 45-member orchestra and a 15-member choir . Its theme song , `` A Place to Stand , a Place to Grow '' , written by Dolores Claman and Richard Morris , and orchestrated by Jerry Toth , enjoyed great popularity on its own . Commissioned by the Ontario Department of Economics and Development from the Toronto commercial design studio TDF and premiered at the Expo 67 Ontario Pavilion on April 28 , 1967 , it was seen by some two million at Expo 67 itself and later by a further estimated 100 million in North America and Europe in cinema release . It was nominated for an Academy Award in two categories : Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Subject . It won the latter prize , which Chapman accepted on April 10 , 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f9ca38673fe25d6c4161f8ddc8d89af", "text": "Scammers (band) Scammers is an American experimental musician . Phil Diamond began Scammers in 2010 while living at the Pistol Social Club in Kansas City , Missouri . His songwriting has been compared to that of Leonard Cohen , Scott Walker , and Nick Cave . In 2013 , Scammers released `` Philipglasscandy , '' the first in a series of releases in the style of John Oswald 's Plunderphonics . This series later included 2014 's `` Songs of Suspicious Origin , '' and 2016 's `` Deathly Hollow . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bdea9d897b33dc91509e70e7298743c", "text": "Do Not Adjust Your Set Do Not Adjust Your Set ( DNAYS ) is a television series produced originally by Rediffusion , London , then , by the fledgling Thames Television for British commercial television channel ITV from 26 December 1967 to 14 May 1969 . The show took its name from the message ( frequently seen on the TV screen in those days ) which was displayed when there was a problem with transmission . It included early appearances of Denise Coffey , David Jason , Eric Idle , Terry Jones , and Michael Palin ; the last three became members of the Monty Python comedy troupe soon afterwards . Although originally conceived as a children 's programme , it quickly acquired a following amongst many adults , including future Pythons John Cleese and Graham Chapman ( as mentioned by Cleese himself in the `` Paying my ex-wife '' stage performance tour , October 2010 ) . The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band performed a song in each programme and Bob Kerr 's Whoopee Band also appeared . The musicians frequently appeared as extras in sketches . The programme comprised a series of sketches , often bizarre and surreal , frequently satirical with a disjointed style which anticipate Monty Python 's Flying Circus , which followed five months after the last episode of DNAYS . Strange animations between sketches were crafted in the final episodes by the then-unknown Terry Gilliam , who also graduated to Python -- part of his `` Christmas cards '' animation reappeared there in the `` Joy to the World '' segment . One long-running feature of the show was Captain Fantastic , featuring a parody superhero ( Jason ) in improbable , even macabre adventures against villainess Mrs. Black ( Coffey ) . These segments were shot entirely on film , on location in London . In 1968 , it won an international award , the Prix Jeunesse , in Munich .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d07581402e411315701368224f98e44b", "text": "Vincent Kaminski Vincent Julian Kaminski was born in Poland and worked as the Managing Director for Research at the failed energy trading corporation Enron until 2002 . In this capacity he led a team of approximately fifty analysts who developed quantitative models to support energy trading . In the months preceding Enron 's bankruptcy Kaminski repeatedly raised strong objections to the financial practices of Enron 's Chief Financial Officer , Andrew Fastow , designed to fraudulently conceal the company 's burgeoning debt . The primary practice involved hiding Enron 's debt in partnership companies managed by Fastow and financed by outside creditors . The debt was then secured against stock in the Enron Corporation itself , which was strongly valued at that time . To induce creditors to assume the risk of financing this debt certain `` trigger events '' were built into the contracts which would require immediate repayment of the full loan amount , such as the decline of the stock value used as collateral below a prearranged level . During the course of a company-wide comprehensive risk assessment Kaminski and his team of analysts pointed out that there existed many such arrangements , and if one were triggered the rest would be activated like dominoes as the stock price fell in response to the bad news , effectively ending the financial viability of the company . Kaminski 's strident opposition to these practices was one of the last chances to avert the implosion which soon followed . Dr. Kaminski holds an M.S. degree in International Economics and a Ph.D. degree in Mathematical Economics from the Main School of Planning and Statistics in Warsaw ( which has since been renamed Warsaw School of Economics ) , and an MBA from Fordham University in New York City . He teaches at the business school of Rice University in Houston , Texas , and is the author of several books on risk management and energy trading . Books by Dr. Kaminski : Energy Modelling : Advances in the Management of Uncertainty , published by Risk Books in 2005 , ISBN 1-904339-42-5 Managing Energy Price Risk : The New Challenges and Solutions , published by Risk Books in 2004 , ISBN 1-904339-19-0 Energy Markets http://riskbooks.com/energy-markets , published by Risk Books on 18 January 2013 , ISBN 9781906348793", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ee1fe32a7a6b00990695882bd51022b", "text": "Cine Foundation International Cine Foundation International is London-based non-profit film company and human rights NGO `` aiming to 'em power open consciousness through cinema ' '' . The foundation was formed in December 2010 by American filmmaker Jesse Richards , founder of the Remodernist film movement , South Korean film critic Blue Un Sok Kim and Tobias Morgan , formerly the developer of `` The Garage '' on Mubi . On 3 January 2011 , CFI announced their launch of a campaign of protest films and public actions calling for the release of imprisoned Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi . `` The campaign will include protest films that speak to human rights issues in Iran and throughout the world , six of which are commissioned feature-length , plus twenty shorts . Participating filmmakers may act anonymously or through pseudonyms since voicing their stories can be dangerous . The films , which will address themes of nation , identity , self , spiritual culture , censorship and imprisonment , will be aimed for public , web and various exhibition media '' . In January 2011 , filmmakers Béla Tarr and Lav Diaz joined the foundation 's Board of Directors , and in February Fred Kelemen joined the Board of Directors . Also in January 2011 , CFI deployed a video protest mechanism called WHITE MEADOWS ( named for the Mohammad Rasoulof film of the same title ) and developed by Ericson deJesus ( of Yahoo! and frog design ) at the request of the foundation . The video mechanism `` allow ( s ) anyone in the world to record a short video statement about Panahi and Rasoulof . There will be an ESCAPE button at top , allowing quick exit for those in countries where recording a statement would be dangerous . There will be an option to have the screen black , and soon , voice distortion . The video statements will be recorded as mp4s , giving them maximum transmedia capacity , which essentially makes them broadcastable from any device that can show video '' . Users can also use the mechanism to comment on how they would `` like to see as an international response by the film industry '' , comment on the state of human rights in general , or to `` report a human rights abuse to the world '' . Late in 2011 , CFI launched #OccupyCinema , an ongoing collective project in collaboration with the global Occupy movement . The project encompasses `` public space projections onto buildings or other public surfaces -- broadcasting films , video documents or live feeds , with the intention of decentralising traditional broadcast monopolies and information power structures where these interfere with freedom of speech or otherwise compel human beings to surrender to the agendas of ethically bankrupt regimes . '' On November 1 , #OccupyCinema will launch public displays of films in New York City , Dallas , Kansas , London and Paris , with more to follow over the next week . Tobias Morgan resigned as Chair in Autumn 2011 , having been commissioned to make a Cine Foundation International feature film dedicated to the Iranian film producer Katayoun Shahabi . Jesse Richards resigned in 2012 , and Blue Un Sok Kim took the Chair . Category : International human rights organizations Category : Organisations based in the United Kingdom Category : Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom Category : Film organisations in the United Kingdom", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b92b62a80d559a88bad438d5d85f40dd", "text": "Łukasz Targosz Łukasz Targosz ( -LSB- wukaʂ tarɡoʂ -RSB- ; born 20 February 1977 in Cracow ) is a Polish film composer , and music and film producer . A graduate from The Karol Szymanowski Academy of Music in Katowice ( Jazz and Pop Music Department ) in 2002 . He started his career as a session musician . After writing music for a movie entitled The Crown Witness , he gained recognition . He received two awards for his film music : in 2010 during Roma Fiction Fest for the best music written for a TV series Marked and during Los Angeles Cinema Festival of Hollywood ( Winter 2015 ) for music composed for The Last Waltz . Radiostation RMF Classic as well as its listeners awarded Łukasz Targosz with MocArty for The Best Film Music of 2014 written to a TV series The Pack produced by HBO Poland . He can boast of over 40 soundtracks for various cinematic projects -- to begin with art house , through mainstream movies and animation , to end with new generation historic movies such as Stones for the Rampart by Robert Gliński , long awaited screen version of a classical Polish novel by Aleksander Kamiński . A romantic comedy entitled Letters to St. Nicolas achieved box-office success in Poland while the soundtrack quickly reached gold record status ; Love and Dance is the first Polish dance movie which was watched by a record-breaking number of viewers ; Insiders -- a thriller TV series was reviewed as one of the best Polish TV series ; Marked was nominated during such festivals as RoseD ` or , Monte-Carlo Television Festival and Roma Fition Fest ; the animation entitled The Game , which he also co-produced , was awarded during numerous international festivals , e.g. Boston International Film Festival , Mexico International Film Festival , On Location : Memphis International Film and Music Fest , Canada International Film Festival , Indie Fest . What is more , The Game was the only Polish animation which stood a chance to win an Oscar for the year 2012 . He was also a co-producer of Floating Skyscrapers by Tomasz Wasilewski , one of top award winning Polish movies in 2013 ( International Film Festival in Karlovy Vary , T-Mobile New Horizons , Gdynia Film Festival ) . He cooperated with various well-known artists , among them : Jennifer Batten ( together they performed solos for Michael Jackson 's Dirty Diana , which was used in the movie entitled Love and Dance ) , Renata Przemyk , Grzegorz Turnau , Janusz Radek , Robert Janowski , Doda , Afromental band . He is a co-owner of the Music Production Studio SPOT which was found in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7acd50be89f029165fc41d84c7b7e232", "text": "Ross Geller Ross Geller , Ph.D. , is a fictional character from the NBC sitcom Friends , portrayed by David Schwimmer . Ross is considered by many to be the most intelligent member of the group and is noted for his goofy , pathetic but lovable demeanor . He is a compulsive liar to avoid arguments or situations with conflict , often leading to an arcing storyline within a show . His relationship with Rachel Green was included in TV Guides list of the best TV couples of all time , as well as Entertainment Weeklys `` 30 Best ` Will They/Won ' t They ? ' TV Couples '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "445b74e122e89d9def2013aa02429169", "text": "David J. Schow David J. Schow ( born July 13 , 1955 ) is an American author of horror novels , short stories , and screenplays . His credits include films such as The Crow and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning . Most of Schow 's work falls into the subgenre splatterpunk , a term he is sometimes credited with coining . In the 1990s , Schow wrote Raving & Drooling , a regular column for Fangoria magazine . All 41 instalments were collected in the book Wild Hairs ( 2000 ) , which won the International Horror Guild 's award for best non-fiction in 2001 . In 1987 , Schow 's novella Pamela 's Get was nominated for a Bram Stoker Award for best long fiction . His short story Red Light won the 1987 World Fantasy Award for Best Short Fiction . And in 2015 , The Outer Limits at 50 won the Rondo Award for Book of the Year in a tie with The Creature Chronicles by Tom Weaver , of which Schow was a contributor . As an editor , Schow 's work includes three volumes of writings by Robert Bloch and a book of short stories by John Farris . Schow has also been a past contributor to liner notes for cult film distributors Grindhouse Releasing/Box Office Spectaculars , notably on the North American DVD release of Italian filmmaker Lucio Fulci 's horror film , Cat in the Brain . He has also written text supplements for the DVDs of Reservoir Dogs and From Hell , and has done DVD commentaries for The Dirty Dozen , The Green Mile , Incubus , Thriller and Creature from the Black Lagoon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cac1804a3369262b5360c743206fe23", "text": "Scott & Muriel Scott & Muriel is the stage name of the comedy duo Scott Nelson and Muriel Brugman , a husband and wife team of comedy illusionists and entertainers . Their style of performance can best be described as `` slapstick magic , '' a combination of visual comedy , slapstick , modern clowning , and illusions . All the material and illusions they perform they created , designed and built themselves . They began working together in 1999 . In June , 2000 , they won the title `` National Champions of Holland '' at the Dutch National Congress of Magic . One month later in July 2000 , they won the highest award in magic , the FISM Grand Prix , and with it the title `` World Champions of Magic . '' They are the first and only comedy magic duo to have won this award . In 2002 they appeared at the famous Juste pour rire ( Just for Laughs ) festival in Montreal , Canada . In 2003 they were the only illusionists to work with Cirque du Soleil in the company 's first television series , Solstrom . In 2004 they created their first full evening show , Scott & Muriel 's B!G Show with Joe ! , together with Joe Dieffenbacher of the theater group Nakupelle . This show toured for three years in the Netherlands . It was produced by Kees van Liempt of Interpresario and directed by Pieter Athmer . The music was arranged and composed by Kino Haitsma . In 2006 Scott & Muriel took over the production of the show and it has since toured in Austria and Germany . Scott & Muriel were semi-finalists in the popular TV show Holland 's Got Talent on SBS6 in 2007 . In 2008 they were invited to the 32nd edition of the International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo . At the festival they were awarded the Nice-Matin Journalist Prize and the Special Prize from the Fairmont Hotel of Monaco . They were the first illusionists to appear in the festival since Lee Pee Ville in 1978 . At the 2nd World Festival of Clowns in Ekatrineburg , Russia , 2009 , Scott & Muriel were awarded the Golden Clown . In 2010-2011 they starred in the Palazzo dinner-theater show in Amsterdam , the Netherlands . In 2011-2012 they starred in the Big Apple Circus in New York City , United States In 2012-2013 they appeared in the show ` Seduction ' at the Royal Palace cabaret in Kirrwiller , France In 2014-2015 they appeared in the Weltweihnachtszirkus in Stuttgart , Germany They are currently busy touring with their 90-minute theater show `` Scott & Muriel - The Accidental Illusionists ... Fall in Love '' Scott & Muriel reside in the Netherlands .", "title": "" } ]	fever
edebbb08f2b45c1b2be9a0f1d070e155	Barbara Bain is an actress.	[ { "docid": "d619461cc083b3116e4cc1808aad01cd", "text": "Barbara Bain Barbara Bain ( born September 13 , 1931 ) is an American film and television actress . She is known for co-starring in the original Mission : Impossible television series in the 1960s as Cinnamon Carter .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c443c107ef4113b5e977497a95bab0c2", "text": "Cor, Blimey! Cor , Blimey ! is a 2000 TV film that follows the relationship between Carry On film actors Sid James ( played by Geoffrey Hutchings ) and Barbara Windsor ( played by Samantha Spiro ) . The film , first broadcast on ITV in April 2000 , was adapted by Terry Johnson from his stage play Cleo , Camping , Emmanuelle and Dick which debuted at the Royal National Theatre in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c122069a46dc816d48ad0ac2e2a72f8b", "text": "Anne of Avonlea (1975 film) Anne of Avonlea is a film made for television 4-part mini-series , developed in the United Kingdom by the BBC . It is based on Anne of Avonlea , the sequel to Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d8bcab43a17c6bc84e9e603dd897d61", "text": "Barbara Turner Barbara Turner may refer to : Barbara Turner ( actress ) ( 1936 -- 2016 ) , American screenwriter and former actress Barbara Turner ( basketball ) ( born 1984 ) , American professional basketball player", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2a8db92265e4ced3ec25f22beecea59", "text": "Barbara Wood Barbara Wood ( born January 30 , 1947 , in Warrington ( Lancashire , England ) is an American writer of historical romance novels . Her family moved to California , where she grew up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3850a8f6081979380a2e8d3633a77f3c", "text": "Barbara Leigh-Hunt Barbara Leigh-Hunt ( born 14 December 1935 in Bath , Somerset ) is a British actress who has appeared on stage , film , television and radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3ebbd03297ee51d27843957f3cba57f", "text": "Barbara Tyson Barbara Tyson ( born October 1 , 1964 ) is a Canadian actress known for appearing in hit TV series Neon Rider , Cold Squad , ER and The Twilight Zone . One of her first notable television roles was in Another World as Dawn Rollo , the first HIV-positive character to be introduced in a daytime soap opera in the United States . She was credited as Barbara Bush in her early roles . Originally from Capreol , Ontario , she moved with her mother several times in childhood after her parents ' divorce , finally spending her teen years in Barrie . Her first-ever acting audition was for a role in the Donald Sutherland film Threshold , which went to Mare Winningham . She had early guest roles in Canadian television , and appeared as Carol Burnett 's daughter in the television film Between Friends , before moving to New York City in 1985 . She had just $ 1.87 in her savings account the day she won her role in Another World . After that role ended , she continued to appear in guest roles before securing her starring role in the Canadian series Neon Rider , which lasted for four seasons . She was nominated for a Gemini Award for Best Guest Performance in a Series by an Actor or Actress in 1994 for a guest appearance in '' North of 60 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7939cd7ddfe057e057e18f9eceedf777", "text": "Pat Bond Pat Bond ( February 27 , 1925 -- December 24 , 1990 ) was an American actress who starred on stage and on television , as well as in motion pictures . She was openly lesbian and in many cases she was the first gay woman people saw on stage . Her career spanned some forty years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae496b0396b6311a3ba67d50dfee783", "text": "Benton C Bainbridge Benton C Bainbridge ( born January 22 , 1966 ) is an American media artist known for creating single channel video , interactive artworks , immersive installations and live visual performances with custom digital , analog and optical systems of his own design . He is faculty at School of Visual Arts MFA Computer Arts department . His work is collected in the Turbulence.org collection and The `` ETC : Experimental Television Center Archives '' in the Rose Goldsen Media Archives at Cornell University and The Kitchen Archive at the Getty Research Institute . From 2006-2007 , Bainbridge was Education Fellow at Eyebeam . He has since realized many projects there , including the inaugural MIXER event and VHS portraits . His early career focused on the live creation of electronic cinema in collaboration with other artists and anticipated today 's VJ collectives . Bainbridge 's aesthetic technique is characterized by extensive realtime manipulation analog and digital media . His work is presented in both art and entertainment spaces ranging from museums to stadiums . He has shown across five continents , collaborating with artists including the Beastie Boys , Kaki King , Pauline Oliveros , V. Owen Bush , Abigail Child , Nick Didkovsky , Bobby Previte , Jin Hi Kim , Dream Theater , Barbara Held , Lonnie Holley and Tonstartssbandht , among many others . Bainbridge has shown his work in venues such as the Whitney Museum of American Art , Museum of Modern Art , Lincoln Center , Madison Square Garden , The Kitchen ( NYC ) , EMPAC ( Troy , NY ) , the American Museum of Natural History , SFMOMA ( San Francisco ) , Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden ( Washington , D.C. ) , Dallas Video Festival , Boston Cyberarts Festival , Eyebeam , Mercat des les Flors ( Barcelona ) , LUX2006 ( Sevilla ) , Auditorium Parco della Musica ( Roma ) , Test-Portal ( Amsterdam ) , Sonic Light ( Amsterdam ) , Wien Modern ( Vienna ) , Inventionen ( Berlin ) , Teatro Colón CETC ( Buenos Aires ) , CELCIT ( Managua ) , Xi'an China International Horticultural Exposition 2011 , Korean Festival ( Seoul ) , Good Vibrations ( Australia ) , and MTV Networks ( global ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee64fe835bcf78cb3f9f8b922a112a10", "text": "Barbara Leigh Barbara Leigh ( born Barbara Ann Kish ; November 16 , 1946 ) is a former American actress and fashion model . Her breakthrough role came in 1972 with the film Junior Bonner , which she starred alongside her then-boyfriend Steve McQueen . She later became the first model to wear the Vampirella costume on the cover of the original Warren Vampirella magazine , # 67 ( March 1975 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb550bd52387cd18d217fbba8adecf45", "text": "On Expenses On Expenses is a 2010 British television film directed by Simon Cellan Jones and starring Anna Maxwell Martin as Heather Brooke and Brian Cox as Michael Martin . The film documents the true story of American journalist Heather Brooke 's attempt to get expenses claims of Members of Parliament released under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and Speaker Michael Martin 's battle to prevent it . Heather Brooke herself appeared in the production in a non-speaking role playing the part of an unnamed MP sitting on the government benches in a scene where Michael Martin is elected to the position of Speaker of the House of Commons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f11a7065e59e30dfbc0e4b2593c2d736", "text": "Mary Barclay Mary Barclay ( 20 July 1916 -- 19 February 2008 ) was an English film , television and theatre actress . She was best known for playing Stella Dane in the Crossroads television series , as well as her role in the 1973 film , A Touch of Class .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3db71d3ff9a6de528ca66dea85310845", "text": "Imogen Bain Imogen Bain ( 17 April 1959 -- 5 July 2014 ) was an English stage and screen actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caa36a81d35d12f8866b7acc8a2129cd", "text": "Ann Catherine Holbrook Ann Catherine Holbrook ( born Ann Catherine Jackson ) was a British actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "172942772ab106120704a661e1b7d310", "text": "Barry MacKay (actor) Barry MacKay ( 8 January 1906 -- 12 December 1985 ) was a British actor . He was most prominently seen in light comedic roles in the British cinema of the 1930s and is perhaps best known as Jessie Matthews ' leading man in Evergreen ( 1934 ) , Gangway ( 1937 ) and Sailing Along ( 1938 ) . Other notable roles include Lieutenant Somerville in Brown on Resolution ( 1935 ) and as Fred , Scrooge 's nephew , in MGM 's film A Christmas Carol ( 1938 ) , the latter being one of two films he made in the US ; the other was the lead role in a B-picture , Smuggled Cargo ( 1939 ) . After these films there was a long gap in his film career until he reappeared as a character actor in the 1950s , making his last film ( Timeslip ) in 1955 . Barry also appeared in the 1954 Sheldon Reynolds produced Sherlock Holmes television series . He portrayed Reggie `` Sardines '' Taunton in episode 17 ; `` The Case of the Laughing Mummy '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b7878e4c8124a60cf9659ded96dde1a", "text": "Black Books Black Books is a British sitcom created by Dylan Moran and Graham Linehan and broadcast on Channel 4 from 2000 to 2004 . Starring Moran , Bill Bailey and Tamsin Greig , the series is set in the eponymous London bookshop and follows the lives of its owner Bernard Black ( Moran ) , his assistant Manny Bianco ( Bailey ) and their friend Fran Katzenjammer ( Greig ) . The series was produced by Big Talk Productions , in association with Channel 4 . The show was produced in a multiple-camera setup , and was primarily filmed at Teddington Studios in Teddington , London , with exterior scenes filmed on location on Leigh Street and the surrounding areas in Bloomsbury . The debut episode premiered on 29 September 2000 and three seasons followed , with the final episode airing on 15 April 2004 . Black Books was a critical success , winning a number of awards , including two BAFTA awards for Best Situation Comedy in 2001 and 2005 and a Bronze Rose at the Festival Rose d'Or .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e97a41854b777653b44e6df190d2686b", "text": "B-And-B B-And-B was a British sitcom starring Bernard Braden , his wife Barbara Kelly and their daughter Kim Braden . It was written by Michael Pertwee , and aired for a pilot and one series in 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f55bfd7d33bf9918afba99f524a4eba", "text": "Carry On Spying Carry On Spying is a 1964 film , the ninth in the series of Carry On films to be made . It marks Barbara Windsor 's first appearance in the series . Series regulars Kenneth Williams , Charles Hawtrey and Jim Dale are present . Bernard Cribbins makes the second of his three Carry On appearances ( although it would be 28 years before he returned in Carry On Columbus ) . Eric Barker appears for his third entry ( his final appearance would be in Carry On Emmannuelle 14 years later ) . Dilys Laye returns after her debut in Carry On Cruising . Carry On Spying is the last Carry On film shot in black and white .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f76f2c724f8ce67bf48481256e4f4fa", "text": "In Love with Barbara In Love with Barbara is a 2008 drama film , inspired by the life of the romantic novelist Barbara Cartland , which tells the story of what made her the Queen of Romance . It was written by Jacquetta May and shown on BBC Four at 9:00 pm , on Sunday 26 October 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84fb153360626d7945480762e81e3a2a", "text": "Barbara Britton Barbara Britton ( September 26 , 1919 -- January 17 , 1980 ) was an American film and television actress . She is best known for her western film roles opposite Randolph Scott , Joel McCrea , and Gene Autry and for her two-year tenure as inquisitive amateur sleuth Pam North on the television and radio series Mr. and Mrs. North .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c67f8619241b1f3db49548d0d4a56c6", "text": "Barbara Everest Barbara Everest ( 19 June 1890 -- 9 February 1968 ) was a British stage and film actress . She was born in Southfields , Surrey , and made her screen debut in the 1916 film The Man Without a Soul .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a4d78efda7d7676605c4b6d49db37a19	Jodie Foster was the director of a comedy-drama film.	[ { "docid": "eaaffc1dab8035bf39cb853305b3e3a2", "text": "Jodie Foster Alicia Christian `` Jodie '' Foster ( born November 19 , 1962 ) is an American actress and filmmaker who has worked in films and on television . She has often been cited as one of the best actresses of her generation . Foster began her career at the age of three as a child model in 1965 , and two years later moved to acting in television series , with the sitcom Mayberry R.F.D. being her debut . In the late 1960s and early 1970s , she worked in several primetime television series and starred in children 's films . Foster 's breakthrough came in Martin Scorsese 's Taxi Driver ( 1976 ) , in which she played a teenage prostitute ; the role garnered her a nomination for an Academy Award . Her other critically acclaimed roles as a teenager were in the musical Bugsy Malone ( 1976 ) and the thriller The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane ( 1976 ) , and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney 's Freaky Friday ( 1976 ) , Candleshoe ( 1977 ) and Foxes ( 1980 ) . After attending college at Yale , Foster struggled to transition to adult roles until winning widespread critical acclaim for her portrayal of a rape survivor in The Accused ( 1988 ) , for which she won several awards , including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe . She won her second Academy Award three years later for her role in the sleeper hit The Silence of the Lambs , where she played Clarice Starling , an FBI trainee investigating a serial murder case . Foster made her debut as a film director the same year with the moderately successful Little Man Tate ( 1991 ) , and founded her own production company , Egg Pictures , in 1992 . The company 's first production was Nell ( 1994 ) , in which she also played the title role , gaining another nomination for an Academy Award . Her other films in the 1990s included period drama Sommersby , Western comedy Maverick ( 1994 ) , science fiction film Contact ( 1997 ) , and period drama Anna and the King ( 1999 ) . Her second film direction , Home for the Holidays ( 1995 ) , was not well-received commercially , while critical reviews were mixed . After career setbacks in the early 2000s , which included the cancellation of a film project and the closing down of her production company , Foster starred in four thrillers , Panic Room ( 2002 ) , Flightplan ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) and The Brave One ( 2007 ) . She has focused on directing in the 2010s , directing the films The Beaver ( 2011 ) and Money Monster ( 2016 ) , as well as episodes for Netflix television series Orange is the New Black and House of Cards . She also starred in the film Elysium ( 2013 ) . In addition to her two Academy Awards , Foster has won three BAFTA Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , a Screen Actors Guild Award and the Cecil B DeMille Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2c321d25599bd3328f0645ee15b63b9", "text": "The Beaver (film) The Beaver is a 2011 comedy-drama film directed by Jodie Foster and written by Kyle Killen . This film stars Mel Gibson , Foster , Anton Yelchin , and Jennifer Lawrence . This is Gibson and Foster 's first film together since 1994 's Maverick and Summit Entertainment 's only film to have Entertainment One not distribute it within the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd1b22a2e6992aec299b7f71b07dc5b9", "text": "Home for the Holidays (1995 film) Home for the Holidays is a 1995 comedy-drama film directed by Jodie Foster and produced by Peggy Rajski and Foster . The screenplay was by W. D. Richter based on the short story by Chris Radant . The music score was by Mark Isham and the cinematography by Lajos Koltai . The film stars Holly Hunter , Robert Downey Jr. , Anne Bancroft , Charles Durning , Dylan McDermott , Geraldine Chaplin , Steve Guttenberg , Cynthia Stevenson , Claire Danes , Austin Pendleton and David Strathairn .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d12cfd558631ecc9fcb6d8c459b7ff02", "text": "The Hotel New Hampshire (film) The Hotel New Hampshire is a 1984 British-Canadian-American comedy-drama film written and directed by Tony Richardson based on John Irving 's 1981 novel of the same name . The film stars Jodie Foster , Beau Bridges , Rob Lowe , and Nastassja Kinski , and also features Wilford Brimley , Amanda Plummer , Matthew Modine , and a young Seth Green in a supporting role . The film is a co-production from the United Kingdom , Canada , and the United States . In an introductory foreword that he wrote for a later edition of the novel , author Irving stated that he was thrilled when Richardson informed him that he wanted to adapt the book to the screen . Irving wrote that he was very happy with the adaptation , complaining only that he felt Richardson tried to make the film too faithful to the book , noting the manner in which Richardson would often speed up the action in an attempt to include more material onscreen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12a2017e133518b0a3c86b357b8c9c86", "text": "On My Way (film) On My Way ( Elle s ` en va ) is a 2013 French comedy-drama film directed by Emmanuelle Bercot . The film premiered in competition at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13391941c2be9faec97eedc0cc0ce7ca", "text": "George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake . Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ee84c8b50248e183659048a017318d5", "text": "Edmond (film) Edmond is a 2005 American drama film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring William H. Macy , based on the 1982 play Edmond by David Mamet . Mamet also wrote the screenplay for the film . Edmond features Julia Stiles , Rebecca Pidgeon , Denise Richards , Mena Suvari , Joe Mantegna , Bai Ling , Jeffrey Combs , Dylan Walsh and George Wendt in supporting roles . It was screened at several film festivals from September 2005 to May 2006 , and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ae2b1fa2eba8b330553c685db1e084c", "text": "La Fidelidad La Fidelidad is a 1970 Argentine comedy film drama directed by and written by Juan José Jusid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dba31df0e2dff89812bafa9622cfb7b6", "text": "The Dangerous Lives of Altar Boys The Dangerous Lives of Altar Boys is a 2002 independent comedy-drama film directed by Peter Care and based on a 1994 semi-autobiographical coming-of-age novel by Chris Fuhrman . The film stars Emile Hirsch , Kieran Culkin , Jena Malone , Jodie Foster , and Vincent D'Onofrio . The film is about a group of Catholic school friends in the Southern United States in the 1970s who engage in a series of pranks and general mischief . The boys also collaborate on a comic book they call The Atomic Trinity . Interspersed within the film are segments of animated footage based on the comic book . Fuhrman died of cancer before completing the final revision of the novel . The film is dedicated to his memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7d2e7ed37c120f5113b6d5a07e51bd6", "text": "Backyard Ashes Backyard Ashes is a 2013 Australian comedy film about backyard cricket games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dea10774d2b029ccd7185e77152466ae", "text": "Foster (film) Foster ( also known as Angel in the House ) is a 2011 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Jonathan Newman , based on his 2005 short film . Part of it was shot at Legoland Windsor in April 2010 . The film stars Golden Globe winner Toni Collette , Ioan Gruffudd , Richard E. Grant , BAFTA Award winner Hayley Mills and Maurice Cole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b312fe2dc52822521bc76a7208e20983", "text": "Loosies Loosies ( also known as Love Is Not a Crime and Pick Pocket ) is a 2012 romantic comedy-drama film written and produced by Peter Facinelli , and directed by Michael Corrente . The film stars Peter Facinelli , Jaimie Alexander , Michael Madsen , Joe Pantoliano , William Forsythe , Christy Carlson Romano , Glenn Ciano , Vincent Gallo and Chad A. Verdi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d688e7699eb2df6597e7fb64ecdfeab8", "text": "You Can't Beat Love You Ca n't Beat Love is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Christy Cabanne and written by Maxwell Shane and David Silverstein . The film stars Preston Foster , Joan Fontaine , Herbert Mundin , William Brisbane and Alan Bruce . The film was released on June 25 , 1937 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7278681b98d5b9ccbcb2eb5b2f87eeca", "text": "Just to Be Sure Just to Be Sure ( Ôtez-moi d'un Doute ) is a 2017 French comedy film directed by Carine Tardieu . It was screened in the Directors ' Fortnight section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb4b9f7a27c77bd42f10fcc163a7cd", "text": "Messy Christmas Messy Christmas ( Meine schöne Bescherung ) is a 2007 German comedy film directed by Vanessa Jopp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c0ef2706df68f3cf81fe0d1a4afadd", "text": "Tick Tock Lullaby Tick Tock Lullaby is a British indie comedy-drama film of 2007 written and directed by Lisa Gornick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee48093e0077775ab07f2bf32719d147", "text": "Zim and Co. Zim and Co. is a 2005 French comedy film directed by Pierre Jolivet . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "451f05a3826b71f6322e8fdf90556a70", "text": "Another Happy Day Another Happy Day is a 2011 American black comedy-drama film written and directed by Sam Levinson . The film stars an ensemble cast including Ellen Barkin , Kate Bosworth , Ellen Burstyn , Thomas Haden Church , George Kennedy , Ezra Miller , Demi Moore , Siobhan Fallon Hogan , Michael Nardelli , Jeffrey DeMunn , and Diana Scarwid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf46fc2c16260c2a2447ad6d3b25962", "text": "List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews . Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94c2a6c179f786351fff21d3d393c379", "text": "Nina's Heavenly Delights Nina 's Heavenly Delights is a 2006 British drama Romance comedy film , directed by Pratibha Parmar . The film was released on 29 September 2006 in the United Kingdom , and on 21 November 2007 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81c1e5654c102c2c52e3f2949c6a3df", "text": "New Year's Day (1989 film) New Year 's Day is a 1989 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Henry Jaglom . It was entered into the main competition at the 46th Venice International Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]	fever
931c5b01dc4b4ae981b10bd805e939f8	Robert F. Kennedy began his political career in Massachusetts.	[ { "docid": "d59a1353294df10dbb7701287b9f2d07", "text": "Robert F. Kennedy Robert Francis `` Bobby '' Kennedy ( November 20 , 1925 -- June 6 , 1968 ) , commonly known by his initials RFK , was an American politician from Massachusetts . He served as the United States junior senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968 . He was previously the 64th U.S. Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 , serving under his older brother President John F. Kennedy and his successor , President Lyndon B. Johnson . Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party , and is seen as an icon of modern American liberalism . After serving in the United States Naval Reserve as a Seaman Apprentice from 1944 to 1946 , Kennedy graduated from Harvard University and the University of Virginia . He began his political career in Massachusetts as the manager for his brother John 's successful campaign for the U.S. Senate in 1952 . Prior to entering public office himself , he worked as a correspondent for The Boston Post and as an assistant counsel to the Senate committee chaired by Joe McCarthy . He gained national attention as the chief counsel of the Senate Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959 , where he publicly challenged Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the corrupt practices of its union and authored The Enemy Within , a book about corruption in organized labor . Kennedy resigned from the committee to conduct his brother John 's campaign in the 1960 presidential election . He was appointed Attorney General after the successful election and served as the closest adviser to the president from 1961 to 1963 . His tenure is best known for its advocacy for the Civil Rights Movement , the fight against organized crime and the Mafia , and involvement in U.S. foreign policy related to Cuba . After his brother 's assassination , he remained in office in the Johnson administration for several months . He left to run for the United States Senate from New York in 1964 and defeated Republican incumbent Kenneth Keating . In 1968 , Kennedy was a leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for the presidency ; he appealed especially to poor , African-American , Hispanic , Catholic and young voters . Shortly after midnight on June 5 , 1968 , after defeating Senator Eugene McCarthy in the California and South Dakota presidential primaries , he was mortally wounded by Sirhan Sirhan , a 24-year-old enraged Palestinian , and died the following day .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b8933964b338b6e86593ff7349197dac", "text": "Martin J. Kennedy Martin John Kennedy ( August 29 , 1892 -- October 27 , 1955 ) was an American politician from New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c200cd5554534b74ddc72869f441f6", "text": "John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald `` Jack '' Kennedy ( May 29 , 1917 -- November 22 , 1963 ) , commonly referred to by his initials JFK , was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963 . Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War , and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union . He was a member of the Democratic Party who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president . Kennedy was born in Brookline , Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy , Sr. and Rose Kennedy . A scion of the Kennedy family , he graduated from Harvard University in 1940 before joining the United States Naval Reserve the following year . During World War II , Kennedy commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service . After the war , Kennedy represented Massachusetts 's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1947 until 1953 . He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960 . While serving in the Senate , he published Profiles in Courage , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography . In the 1960 presidential election , Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon , who was the incumbent Vice President . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states in the Cold War . He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower . In April 1961 , he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion . He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , U.S. spy planes discovered that Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of tensions , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict . Domestically , Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and supported the Civil Rights Movement , but he was largely unsuccessful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies . Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians ' polls of U.S. presidents and with the general public . His average approval rating of 70 % is the highest of any president in Gallup 's history of systematically measuring job approval . On November 22 , 1963 , Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas , Texas . Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the crime , but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby two days later . Pursuant to the Presidential Succession Act , Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president later that day . The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin , but various groups believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy . After Kennedy 's death , many of his proposals were enacted , including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f54876ec9650ae45668e363594fee96", "text": "A. David Mazzone A. David Mazzone ( June 3 , 1928 -- October 25 , 2004 ) was a lawyer , Massachusetts assistant district attorney , assistant United States attorney , Massachusetts Superior court judge . He served for twenty-six years as a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts . `` He will forever be remembered by the people of Massachusetts for his landmark rulings that led to the cleanup of Boston Harbor , '' United States Senator Edward M. Kennedy said to the Boston Globe shortly after Mazzone 's death in October 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bab27a46d57be7e1cdc140904489f2e", "text": "Robert S. Maloney Robert Sarsfield Maloney ( February 3 , 1881 -- November 8 , 1934 ) was a United States Representative from Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a07cb21db9b98e5efaa740cd65f97a0", "text": "United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 2012 The 2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts took place on November 6 , 2012 , concurrently with the U.S. presidential election and elections to the U.S. Senate in other states , as well as elections to the House of Representatives and various state and local elections . Incumbent Republican Senator Scott Brown ran for re-election to a first full term . He had been elected in a special election in 2010 following the death of incumbent Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy . Brown faced no challengers from his own party . For the Democrats , an initial wide field of prospective candidates narrowed after the entry of Harvard Law School Professor Elizabeth Warren , the architect of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau . Warren clinched near-unanimous party support , with all but one of the other Democratic candidates withdrawing following her entrance . After winning her party 's nomination , eliminating any need for a primary , she faced Brown in the general election . The election was one of the most-followed races in 2012 and cost approximately $ 82 million , which made it the most expensive election in Massachusetts history and the second-most expensive in the entire 2012 election cycle , next to that year 's presidential election . This was despite the two candidates ' having agreed not to allow outside money to influence the race . Opinion polling indicated a close race for much of the campaign , though Warren opened up a small but consistent lead in the final few weeks . She went on to defeat Brown by over 236,000 votes , 54 % to 46 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a0dd1f579ac6729ab05cfe0a0b6659e", "text": "United States presidential election in Connecticut, 1924 The 1924 United States Presidential Election in Connecticut took place on November 4 , 1924 as part of the 1924 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states . Voters chose seven representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Connecticut voted for the Republican nominee , incumbent President Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts , over the Democratic nominee , Ambassador John W. Davis of West Virginia . Coolidge ran with former Budget Director Charles G. Dawes of Illinois , while Davis ran with Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska . Also in the running that year was the Progressive Party nominee , Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin and his running mate Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana . La Follette 's support base was primarily among rural German and Scandinavian Americans , and he possessed little appeal in the Northeast outside a few New York and Boston anti-Prohibition precincts . Coolidge won Connecticut by a margin of 34.01 percent . His victory was also enjoyed a unique personal popularity which helped him in the state and the rest of New England . He was the epitome of a traditional New England Yankee , having been born in the small-town of Plymouth Notch , Vermont , and establishing his political career nearby as Governor of Massachusetts . Thus Coolidge remained especially popular with voters across the New England region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e297c985585d2d52ec4f8f305b1987cf", "text": "Laurence Curtis Laurence Curtis ( September 3 , 1893 -- July 11 , 1989 ) was a United States Representative from Massachusetts . He was born in Boston . He graduated from Groton School in 1912 and from Harvard University in 1916 . He served in the Foreign Diplomatic Service . During World War I , he entered the United States Navy and after a training crash , resulting in the loss of a leg , served out the rest of the war as a ground officer in Pensacola , Florida . He was awarded the Silver Star for war services . He returned to Harvard Law School and graduated in 1921 . He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar the same year and commenced practice in Boston . He was secretary to United States Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes , Jr. . He served as assistant United States attorney in Boston , was a member of Boston City Council , a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives , a member of Massachusetts State Senate , Massachusetts State Treasurer , a delegate to Republican National Convention in 1960 , and a past State Commander and National Senior Vice Commander of the Disabled American Veterans . He was the Republican nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts in 1950 . He was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-third and to the four succeeding Congresses ( January 3 , 1953 -- January 3 , 1963 ) . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1962 to the Eighty-eighth Congress , but was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate . He resumed the practice of law , was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1968 to the Ninety-first Congress , in 1970 to the Ninety-second Congress , and for nomination in 1972 to the Ninety-third Congress . He was a resident of Newton until his death in Boston on July 11 , 1989 . He was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a914111ed6bf28872e8f3587f06ea0b9", "text": "Francis X. Bellotti Francis Xavier Bellotti ( born May 3 , 1923 ) is an American lawyer and politician . In his first campaign he was the Democratic nominee for District Attorney of Norfolk County in 1958 , but was defeated in the general election . In 1962 Bellotti was elected as Lieutenant Governor for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts from 1963 to 1965 . In 1964 he had challenged the sitting governor of his own party , Endicott Peabody , and defeated him in the Democratic Primary ; but lost in the general election to John Volpe who thus regained the seat he had lost in 1962 . From 1975 to 1987 he served three terms as Massachusetts Attorney General . In that capacity he instilled professionalism among his staff , was a leader for civil rights and served as President of the National Association of Attorneys General . He also sought the nomination of the Democratic party for governor in 1970 and in 1990 , but was defeated in the Democratic primary election in both elections losing to Kevin White the first time and John Silber the second . In his official capacity for the state he was the named party in the commercial speech case : First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti , 435 U.S. 765 ( 1978 ) , which established that corporations have some free speech rights under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution . Bellotti was born in Boston . He graduated from Tufts University in 1947 and received his law degree from Boston College in 1952 . Since leaving office , Bellotti has practiced law in Boston , Massachusetts with the firm of Mintz , Levin , Cohn , Ferris , Glovsky and Popeo . He is the father of twelve children , including Norfolk County Sheriff Michael G. Bellotti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea974184c04f5ee2f9ce2de1044b075", "text": "United States presidential election in Massachusetts, 1960 The 1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 8 , 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election , which was held throughout all 50 states . Voters chose 16 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Massachusetts voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic nominee , Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts , over the Republican nominee , Vice President Richard Nixon of California . Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas , while Nixon 's running mate was Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. of Massachusetts . Kennedy carried his home state of Massachusetts in a landslide , taking 60.22 % of the vote to Nixon 's 39.55 % , a Democratic victory margin of 20.67 % . This made it the third most Democratic state in the nation , after Rhode Island and Georgia . As Kennedy narrowly defeated Nixon nationally to win the presidency , Massachusetts weighed in for this election as about 21 % more Democratic than the national average . Massachusetts had been a Democratic-leaning state since 1928 , when the Democratic Party had nominated the first Roman Catholic nominee for president , Al Smith . While Smith lost nationally in a landslide , partially due to anti-Catholic prejudice in much of the country , he won Massachusetts due to the massive turnout and support of the many Irish Catholics in the state . In 1960 , John F. Kennedy would be the second Roman Catholic to be nominated for president by a major party , and again his religion became an issue in some regions of the country . However , there was little doubt that Kennedy , an Irish Catholic born in Brookline , Massachusetts , would be able to carry Massachusetts in his presidential run . Prior to 1960 , Massachusetts had been a swing state , having voted for Democrats Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman in the 1930s and 1940s , but voting for Republican Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s . In 1956 , Eisenhower had carried the state by 19 points . The 21 point margin by which Kennedy won the state four years later thus represented a massive 40 point swing toward the Democrats between the 1956 and 1960 elections . Kennedy 's landslide victory in 1960 finally solidified the transformation of Massachusetts into a Democratic stronghold in the modern era . 1960 was the first election ever in which a Democrat had broken 60 % of the vote in Massachusetts , and thus Kennedy 's 60.22 % was the highest percentage of the vote any Democrat had ever received in the state up to that point . Religion was a major dividing factor in shaping the vote in 1960 . Nixon 's running mate , Henry Cabot Lodge , was also from Massachusetts , and had served the state as a Republican Senator , but was a Protestant , and represented traditional Protestant Yankee Republicanism in Massachusetts . Kennedy , an Irish Catholic Democrat , represented an entirely different strain of Massachusetts politics , the emerging majority coalition of urban and ethnic immigrant voters . In 1952 , Kennedy had first defeated Lodge to take the latter 's U.S. Senate seat , symbolizing this new Democratic coalition 's rise in the state . The residual Yankee Republicanism combined with the popularity of the Republican incumbent Eisenhower allowed Nixon to take a decent 39.55 % of the vote , but by 1960 , the ethnic Catholic vote held a decisive majority in Massachusetts , and turnout among Catholic voters reached record highs in 1960 . Kennedy carried nine of the state 's fourteen counties , including the most heavily populated parts of the state surrounding the large cities of Boston , Worcester , and Springfield . Nixon carried only five counties , three of them island or peninsula counties . Nixon 's most significant win was Plymouth County , which he won narrowly with 51 percent of the vote . Kennedy put in an historically strong performance in the state 's capital and largest city , Boston , home to many Catholics of Irish and Italian immigrant heritage . In Suffolk County , where Boston is located , Kennedy won a landslide with 74.4 percent of the vote to Nixon 's 25 percent , the first time in history that a presidential candidate had received more than 70 percent of the vote in the county . Kennedy was also the first Democrat to carry Norfolk County since Martin van Buren in 1836 . The decisive Democratic win in 1960 would foreshadow the political direction Massachusetts would take in the years to come , as it would become one of the most Democratic states in the nation in the elections that followed . In 1964 and 1968 , Democrats would even outperform Kennedy , and in 1972 it would be the only state in the nation to vote for Democrat George McGovern , ultimately making it the only state that Richard Nixon would never win in any of his three presidential campaigns . The 1960 election was also the last time a candidate who declared Massachusetts as his home state won the presidency regardless of his performance in the state . The next three presidential candidates whose home state was Massachusetts , Michael Dukakis , John Kerry , and Mitt Romney , all lost their presidential bids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ed7305ca7332e2407f8f11f7ec61c6a", "text": "Frank Cousins (American politician) Frank G. Cousins , Jr. ( born May 7 , 1958 in Boston , Massachusetts ) is an American politician who served as the Essex County , Massachusetts Sheriff . Cousins became the first African-American sheriff in Massachusetts when he was appointed to the position in 1996 by then Massachusetts Governor William Weld . Prior to his appointment to sheriff , Cousins had served on the Newburyport , Massachusetts City Council , and then in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1993 up until he became sheriff . As a Republican , Cousins has won elections for the sheriff position in 1998 , 2004 , and 2010 in heavily Democratic Essex County . He is not running for reelection in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e30a3be0398fe1b82137dde55f646370", "text": "Samuel W. McCall Samuel Walker McCall ( February 28 , 1851 -- November 4 , 1923 ) was a Republican lawyer , politician , and writer from Massachusetts . He was for twenty years ( 1893 -- 1913 ) a member of the United States House of Representatives , and the 47th Governor of Massachusetts , serving three one-year terms ( 1916 -- 19 ) . He was a moderately progressive Republican who sought to counteract the influence of money in politics . Born in Pennsylvania and educated at Dartmouth , he settled in Massachusetts , where he entered local politics on a progressive reform agenda . Elected to Congress , he continued his reform activities , and opposed annexation of The Philippines . He did not join the Progressive Party , but was insufficiently conservative for state party leaders , who denied him election to the United States Senate on two occasions . As governor , he directed the state 's actions during World War I , and orchestrated early aid to Halifax , Nova Scotia following a devastating munitions ship explosion there in 1917 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633392e08a711a8074f1ec3add72b451", "text": "Western Massachusetts Western Massachusetts is a region in Massachusetts , one of the six U.S. states that make up the New England region of the United States . Western Massachusetts has diverse topography ; 22 universities , with approximately 100,000 university students ; and such institutions as Tanglewood , Springfield Armory , and Jacob 's Pillow . The western part of Western Massachusetts includes the Berkshire Mountains , where there are several vacation resorts . The eastern part of the region includes the Connecticut River Valley , which has a number of university towns , the major city Springfield , and numerous agricultural hamlets . In the eastern part of the area , the Quabbin region is a place of outdoor recreation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "344e9cc3f3a0d4295f9a0b5c0a295743", "text": "John Kennedy College John Kennedy College is a boys school in Beau-Bassin , Mauritius . It is one of the largest secondary schools in Mauritius . It was founded in 1963 and inaugurated by the then Governor General Sir John Shaw Rennie . The school is named after American president John F. Kennedy . Its students are known as `` Kennedians '' . The school 's emblem is the American bald eagle . The main areas of focus of John Kennedy College are the sciences , technology and economics . Initially the school was more technically oriented but has since diversified .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd568732a6f190386a2e19dffd625580", "text": "Charles A. Kennedy Charles Augustus Kennedy ( March 24 , 1869 -- January 10 , 1951 ) was a seven-term Republican U.S. Representative from Iowa 's 1st congressional district in southeastern Iowa . Born in Montrose , Iowa , Kennedy completed preparatory studies . He was interested in horticultural pursuits and later engaged in business as a nurseryman . He served as mayor of Montrose from 1890 to 1895 . He served as member of the Iowa House of Representatives for one two-year term between 1903 and 1905 . In 1906 , Kennedy was elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth Congress . At the time of his nomination , his political philosophy was described as `` strongly standpat , '' a reference to the `` stand-patters '' faction of the Republican Party that provided a conservative alternative to the Party 's progressive wing . He was re-elected six times , before choosing not to run for re-election in 1920 . He served as chairman of the Committee on Mileage ( in the Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses ) , and the Committee on Rivers and Harbors ( in the Sixty-sixth Congress ) . In all , he served from March 4 , 1907 to March 3 , 1921 . He engaged in banking until his retirement . He died in Montrose on January 10 , 1951 . He was interred in Montrose Cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a4b93f634350f70b4dcb8c3955ee987", "text": "Edmund Dinis Edmund Dinis ( October 4 , 1924 -- March 14 , 2010 ) was an American prosecutor and politician from Massachusetts . Born in the Azores , Dinis and his family emigrated to the United States and settled in New Bedford , Massachusetts . After graduating from high school , Dinis served in the United States Army during World War II . He then studied law at Suffolk University and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar . Dinis also went to the University of Chicago and to the Harvard University Graduate School of Public Administration . He served as district attorney for Bristol County , Massachusetts , from 1959 to 1971 . He later served as treasurer for Bedford County . Dinis prosecuted the Chappaquiddick incident involving Senator Ted Kennedy . Prior to becoming a prosecutor , Dinis served on the New Bedford City Council in 1862 and 1963 and in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1949 to 1950 and the Massachusetts State Senate from 1961 to 1956 . Dinis was a Democrat . Dinis also owned the radio station WJFD-FM . His father Jacinto F. Diniz also served in the Massachusetts General Court . Dinis died on March 14 , 2010 , in Dartmouth , Massachusetts . He was 85 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e80af75d81fb7725bd325a848abd09a", "text": "Hyannis Port Historic District The Hyannis Port Historic District encompasses the historic heart of Hyannis Port , Massachusetts , an area that was intensively developed as a summer resort community beginning in the later decades of the 19th century . The district is about 100 acre in size , and extends from nearly Scudder Avenue in the west to Ocean Avenue in the east . It is bounded on the south by Nantucket Sound , and on the north by Grayton , Edge Hill , and Ocean Avenues . The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 . Until the late 19th century , Hyannis Port was a modest agricultural and seafaring village . The Hyannis Land Company was formed in 1871-72 and engaged in a major resort development push , which was one of the largest such efforts on the Cape . The company purchase most of the oceanfront property between Dunbar 's Point and Craigville , and platted out parcels . They built several hotels , staged events to promote the area , and built summer resort houses for vacationers from as far off as Indianapolis and Chicago . The company was not financially sound , however , and went bankrupt in 1879 . The area was not fully developed until the first decades of the 20th century . The district does have a few 18th-century houses , but most of its houses are in the styles popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The most famous residents of Hyannis Port , however , are the Kennedy family , whose compound is a National Historic Landmark . Joseph P. and Rose Kennedy purchased the compound 's main house in 1926 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4ce51c85cc9c1e453277be7234bbccd", "text": "Massachusetts Public Records Law __ NOTOC __ Massachusetts Public Records Law is a law in Massachusetts detailing what kinds of documents are actually public records . It is a state law that is similar to the federal Freedom of Information Act , which was passed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1966 . According to the Boston Globe newspaper in 2016 , `` Massachusetts is currently the one state in the country where the Legislature , judiciary , and governor 's office all claim to be completely exempt from the -LSB- public records -RSB- law . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6993489b5e017fca8d3a4c575ff479e3", "text": "Mike Capuano Michael Everett Capuano ( -LSB- ˌkæpju : ˈɑːnoʊ -RSB- born January 9 , 1952 ) is an American politician who serves as the U.S. Representative for . A member of the Democratic Party , his district includes the majority of Boston , as well as parts of Cambridge and other communities immediately north and south of Boston . Prior to being elected to Congress he served as an Alderman and later Mayor of Somerville . Capuano was born and raised in Somerville and , after graduating from Dartmouth College and Boston College Law School , he worked as an attorney and Somerville alderman . After losing two mayoral elections in 1979 and 1981 , he worked as legal counsel for the Massachusetts General Court . In 1989 Capuano ran for mayor a third time and won , serving from 1990 to 1999 . In 1998 Capuano navigated a crowded Democratic primary to replace Joseph Kennedy II in Congress and has since been re-elected nine times . He represented the state 's 8th district until it was redrawn in 2013 into the 7th district . In Congress he is a staunch liberal and member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus . He ran in the 2010 special election to fill the seat in the United States Senate made vacant by the death of Ted Kennedy , his predecessor 's uncle , but lost the primary to Martha Coakley , who in turn lost the general election to Republican Scott Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f2c131aa9fe0aa3f2322db687b9986f", "text": "Robert P. Burroughs Robert Phillips Burroughs ( January 13 , 1900 -- June 10 , 1994 ) , son of Sherman Everett Burroughs , graduated from Manchester High School in 1917 . He attended Dartmouth College and earned a master 's degree in business administration in 1922 . Burroughs was a businessman in Manchester , New Hampshire . He specialized in designing pension plans for corporations . He was also active in Republican politics . He served as committeeman from New Hampshire for the Republican National Committee during the 1940s and actively supported Dwight D. Eisenhower during the 1952 and 1956 presidential campaigns . In late 1953 he sponsored a nationwide poll to determine voter satisfaction with the policies of the Eisenhower administration . Burroughs was appointed to represent the U.S. at independence ceremonies in the Cameroons in 1959 and at the inauguration of the president of Liberia in 1960 . He also served on the Board of Directors of the Panama Canal Company during the Eisenhower administration .", "title": "" } ]	fever
65ae039faccac13d5297928e2548a3b0	Ben Whishaw was in productions.	[ { "docid": "fcdf6f6a70f1cb4850ef60e582c159cd", "text": "Ben Whishaw Benjamin John `` Ben '' Whishaw ( born 14 October 1980 ) is an English actor . He is known for his stage role as Hamlet ; his roles in the television series Nathan Barley , Criminal Justice , The Hour and London Spy ; and film roles including Perfume : The Story of a Murderer ( 2006 ) , I 'm Not There ( 2007 ) , Bright Star ( 2009 ) , Brideshead Revisited ( 2008 ) , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , The Lobster ( 2015 ) , Suffragette ( 2015 ) and The Danish Girl ( 2015 ) . He has also played the role of Q in the James Bond films starting with Skyfall ( 2012 ) , and was the voice of Paddington Bear in the 2014 film , Paddington .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8d255f87c924ca51c83071cc01adcc49", "text": "Stagecraft Stagecraft is the technical aspect of theatrical , film , and video production . It includes constructing and rigging scenery ; hanging and focusing of lighting ; design and procurement of costumes ; make-up ; stage management ; audio engineering ; and procurement of props . Stagecraft is distinct from the wider umbrella term of scenography . Considered a technical rather than an artistic field , it is primarily the practical implementation of a scenic designer 's artistic vision . In its most basic form , stagecraft may be executed by a single person ( often the stage manager of a smaller production ) who arranges all scenery , costumes , lighting , and sound , and organizes the cast . Regional theatres and larger community theatres will generally have a technical director and a complement of designers , each of whom has a direct hand in their respective designs . Within significantly larger productions , for example a modern Broadway show , effectively bringing a show to opening night requires the work of skilled carpenters , painters , electricians , stagehands , stitchers , wigmakers , and the like . Modern stagecraft is highly technical and specialized : it comprises many sub-disciplines and a vast trove of history and tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04d563bcde9714a8d44a06d7c7d7242e", "text": "Globe to Globe Festival The Globe to Globe Festival ran from 23 April to 9 June 2012 as part of the World Shakespeare Festival , itself part of the 2012 Cultural Olympiad . The festival 's director was Tom Bird . The Globe to Globe Festival hosted 37 productions of Shakespeare 's plays in 37 different languages over a six-week period . The festival was primarily intended to be an experiment with foreign language Shakespeare in the languages of London , however , it also aimed to discover how important Shakespeare is to the rest of the world . The Festival was recorded through blog responses on the Theatre 's own website and on the Year of Shakespeare blog . More than 100,000 people attended the performances , 80 % of whom had not previously been to the Globe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74f93e0245e849115ba87937befaf348", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Laurence Olivier . The award was originally entitled Play of the Year but was later renamed in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ad3e3989f7cfe79497c848e384f212", "text": "Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch The Queen 's Theatre is a 500-seat producing theatre located in Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering , east London . The theatre opened in its current purpose-built site on Billet Lane , Hornchurch in 1975 . From 1953 to 1975 the theatre had occupied a converted , and for some time derelict , cinema on Station Lane ( the site of the present Ripon House development ) that had been used for storage during the Second World War . The theatre originally opened in the coronation year of Queen Elizabeth II and its name reflects this . The opening production was See How They Run . The building deteriorated and the London Borough of Havering built the new theatre . It was opened by Sir Peter Hall in April 1975 , with a production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat . Home to the original productions of the award-winning Return to the Forbidden Planet and Blood Brothers , performers such as Maggie Smith , Martin Shaw , Joan Plowright , Prunella Scales , Nigel Hawthorn , Carol Sloman , Lucy Benjamin , Gemma Salter , Bernard Cribbins , Conn O'Neill and theatre-makers and artists David Eldridge , Chris Bond , Bob Carlton , Bob Eaton , Glen Walford , Nichola McAuliffe , Tim Firth , Dan Murphy and Richard O'Brien the Queen 's Theatre , over its 60 plus year history , has built a track record in creating the best in live entertainment . The theatre 's current artistic director is Douglas Rintoul who was appointed in 2015 . The theatre 's previous artistic directors include Bob Carlton , Marina Calderone and Bob Tomson . The Queen 's Theatre produces over eights shows a year and has a vibrant learning and participatory programme engaging over 11,000 participants annually , enabling people to express themselves and their stories through the arts . The Queen 's Theatre works with educational institutions , amateur theatre groups , professional arts groups and wellbeing organizations , but is also widely connected to the larger theatre landscape in the UK and abroad . Current partnerships include co-productions with the New Wolsey Theatre Ipswich , Salisbury Playhouse , Watford Palace Theatre , Rifco , Sell a Door and The Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg . Behind the scenes there is a carpentry workshop , scenic artists and a wardrobe department creating sets and costumes on-site . The theatre was honoured with a visit from HM The Queen in 2003 , the theatre 's fiftieth anniversary , and in 2013 the theatre celebrated its Diamond Jubilee . The Queen 's Theatre is a registered charity and receives regular funding from the London Borough of Havering and is an Arts Council of England National Portfolio Organisation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acc21c5c56ca6a0318aa8bfae7303d02", "text": "Earplay Earplay was the longest-running of the formal series of radio drama anthologies on National Public Radio , produced by WHA in Madison , Wisconsin and heard from 1972 into the 1990s . It approached radio drama as an art form with scripts written by such leading playwrights as Edward Albee , Arthur Kopit , Archibald MacLeish and David Mamet . Airing in stereo , Earplay provided a showcase for original and adapted work . Eventually , the less-sustained successor series NPR Playhouse drew episodes from the Earplay run . Often presented by NPR member stations on a weekly basis , Earplay episodes were produced with much attention to recording technique and sound-effects . In 1975 , it scored a triumph with Listening , an original play written by Edward Albee for stereo radio , employing one speaker for one character and another speaker for another character . Since both characters are seated in a room , the illusion is created that they are in the same room as the listener . After its premiere on radio , Listening was later performed on stage . Along with the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , Sears Radio Theater , The General Mills Radio Adventure Theater , Christian radio 's Unshackled and Public Radio 's The National Radio Theater of Chicago , Earplay was among the most ambitious nationwide projects in the medium in the U.S. during the 1970s and 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdcf514925ff0a9c0d9ef831defbaffd", "text": "Globe of the Great Southwest The Globe of the Great Southwest is a theater in Odessa , Texas whose design was inspired by that of William Shakespeare 's original Globe Theatre . In addition , the complex also features a replica of Anne Hathaway 's Cottage . Both buildings are located on the campus of Odessa College . The Globe Theatre is a non-profit organization presenting classical and modern plays on an Elizabethan stage . It hosts community theater performances , monthly country-western shows called The Brand New Opree , and other community activities . The nearby Anne Hathaway Library , a replica of the cottage in which Shakespeare 's wife lived , houses displays of special interest to Shakespeare fans . Full-time theatre activity began in the fall of 1968 . The current Executive Director of the Globe of the Great Southwest is Katryna Engebretson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06c4d460b045d3d444d6f4d37494d561", "text": "Commonwealth Shakespeare Company Commonwealth Shakespeare Company ( CSC ) was formed in 1996 by artistic director Steven Maler and associate Joan Moynagh to bring free , outdoor Shakespeare to the people of the city of Boston . Since 1996 , CSC has produced one full Shakespeare production each summer starting with A Midsummer Night 's Dream in 1996 at Copley Square . All subsequent productions have taken place in Boston Common , first at the Parkman Bandstand and now at the Parade Ground . In addition to the annual Boston Common productions , CSC presents several free play-reading events during the year : Theatre in the Rough , Shakespeare and Law , as well as Shakespeare and Leadership . CSC has actor-training programs for both high school students and pre-professional actors with its Summer Academy . Throughout the year , CSC partners with area high schools and Boys & Girls Clubs to provide in and after-school theater activities to inner-city youth . In 2013 , CSC became the theatre in residence at Babson College .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d37de807d9b2059ff95869145b407f9c", "text": "Theatre Tulsa Theatre Tulsa , Inc. is a community theatre company in Tulsa , Oklahoma , USA . Theatre Tulsa , the longest running community theatre west of the Mississippi and seventh in the nation , has had a prosperous but sometimes difficult history . The theatre has survived multiple wars , fires , and economic depressions . Theatre Tulsa started as a small community theatre that played shows in a tent , and grew to the largest community theatre in the nation in the 1970s , followed by years of decline and a recent re-invigoration that includes the new creation of a Broadway Series main stage season , a Next Stage series season composed of new works , and a Family Series season for children , families , and arts education programming . Tulsa Little Theatre was incorporated December . 10 , 1922 by Mrs. Bonnie Reed and Mrs. Hope Holway . Despite the Great Depression , the group managed to raise money to build a theater which was christened with a performance of The Cradle Song in February 1932 . Two years later , the group incorporated as Tulsa Little Theatre . Struggling through the next few years , the theater survived a threatened bank foreclosure in 1935 after a number of donors stepped in , and in 1940 the theater paid off its mortgage . During World War II , it produced shows for military camps and veterans ' hospitals . Tulsa Little Little Theatre prospered , and by 1959 was the largest non-professional theater company in the country . In 1964 , its membership was 8,000 strong . By 1972 it had the largest community theater membership in the nation and had counted 1.5 million members over the past 50 years . In 1974 Tulsa Little Theatre changed its name to Theatre Tulsa , Inc. . Theatre Tulsa remains active today producing 10 productions a year that include modern and classic dramas , comedies , and musicals . Theatre Tulsa has had many firsts ; it was the first community theater in the country to premiere Our Town ( 1939 ) and All My Sons ( 1947 ) ; the musical Brownstone ( 1985 ) ; `` Miracle on 34th Street : A Musical Adaptation '' ( a 1993 original musical written for Theatre Tulsa ) ; `` I Love You , You 're Perfect , Now Change '' ( 2003 ) ; and the first American production of Pitmen Painters ( 2011 ) . Theatre Tulsa 's production of Forever Plaid sold out more than 400 shows in 1995 and 1996 . Some noted performers , including Jeanne Tripplehorn , Kristin Chenoweth and Sam Harris , received their first stage experience with Theatre Tulsa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7dc8ea7d28d3d3a1f568957b67cd26e", "text": "List of Broom Street Theater Theatrical Productions", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ddc9ab58b801f6f8eb3bd4fe0761f9b", "text": "Real Circumstance Theatre Company Real Circumstance Theatre Company is a not-for-profit theatre company based in Essex that delivers work nationally and internationally . Real Circumstance develops and produces new plays by emergent writers , and plays generated by the Company through improvisation . Real Circumstance is run by Artistic Director Dan Sherer and Creative Producer Anna Bewick . Actors that Real Circumstance has worked with include Keeley Forsyth , Lawrence Werber , Ben Caplan , Jot Davies , Tamsin Joanna Kennard , Toby Sawyer , Kate Donmall , and Caroline Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6943c364a7a205617777ba8b55c755cf", "text": "Rookery Nook (1953 TV drama) Rookery Nook was a 1953 British live television production of the comedy play by Ben Travers broadcast on 23 May 1953 . Featuring in this version were Peter Cushing , David Stoll and Lally Bowers . It was based on Travers ' play Rookery Nook , one of the Aldwych Farces , and is believed not to have telerecorded as it was transmitted and is therefore lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "424c127a7e521f7f5b0d32766e95011e", "text": "Ben Power Ben Power is a British dramaturg and playwright . Since 2010 he has been an associate director of the National Theatre . He studied English at Cambridge University . He often collaborates with Rupert Goold and his Headlong company . He was dramaturg and Literary Associate on A Disappearing Number for Complicite , which won the 2007 Evening Standard , Critics ' Circle and Olivier awards for Best Play . In 2011 he wrote the adaptation of Henrik Ibsen 's epic Emperor and Galiean for the National Theatre . He also participated that year in the Bush Theatre 's project Sixty Six Books , for which he wrote a piece based on a book of the King James Bible . Since it opened in 2013 he has overseen the National Theatre 's temporary space , The Shed . His new version of Euripides ' Medea , starring Helen McCrory in the eponymous role , ran at the National Theatre from July to September 2014 . In 2015 he was appointed deputy artistic director of the National Theatre ; the role had not previously existed . Since that appointment he has condensed three works by D. H. Lawrence into a single play , presented as Husbands and Sons in the National 's Dorfman theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f7fe19ad2334a267b21b6eb585942c", "text": "Thirty-Minute Theatre Thirty-Minute Theatre is an anthology drama series of short plays shown on BBC Television between 1965 and 1973 , which was used in part at least as a training ground for new writers , on account of its short running length , and which therefore attracted many writers who later became well known . It was initially produced by Graeme MacDonald . Thirty-Minute Theatre began on BBC2 in 1965 with an adaptation of the black comedy Parson 's Pleasure ( author , Roald Dahl ) . Dennis Potter contributed Emergency -- Ward 9 ( 1966 ) , which he partially recycled in the much later The Singing Detective ( 1986 ) . In 1967 BBC2 launched the UK 's first colour service , with the consequence that Thirty-Minute Theatre became the first drama series in the country to be shown in colour . As well as single plays , the series showed several linked collections of plays , including a group of four plays by John Mortimer named after areas of London in 1972 , two three-part Inspector Waugh series starring Clive Swift in the title role , and a trilogy of plays by Jean Benedetti , broadcast in 1969 , focusing on infamous historical figures such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin . Other plays were broadcast by writers like Charlotte and Denis Plimmer ( The Chequers Manoeuvre , 1968 ) , David Rudkin ( Bypass , 1972 , and Atrocity , 1973 ) and Jack Rosenthal ( And For my Next Trick , 1972 ) . Thirty-Minute Theatre was cancelled in August 1973 . Second City Firsts , also of 30 minutes duration , fulfilled much the same role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19b190bce3bb86f308a7f7343a099710", "text": "Industrial musical An industrial musical is a musical performed internally for the employees or shareholders of a business , to create a feeling of being part of a team , to entertain , and/or to educate and motivate the management and salespeople to improve sales and profit . It can be used to increase staff awareness of public relations , advertising , marketing or corporate image . Other terms for industrial musicals include the corporate musical or industrial show , but the latter can also refer to trade shows , which are publicity events organized by businesses in a specific industry to promote their products to potential buyers . Industrial musicals are not restricted to corporations or to businesses involved in industry . They should not be confused with industrial music , or with musicals produced by businesses to be seen by the general public , for example , Disney 's stage production of The Lion King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df8cdbcd549d4a5e96a40a8cd8d3c5", "text": "Theatre World Theatre World is the only ( first published in 1945 ) , comprehensive , annual pictorial and statistical record of American theatre in print publication , including Broadway , Off-Broadway , Off-Off-Broadway , and regional theatre , as well as a complete national theatrical awards section and obituaries . Including over 750 photographs , it is the definitive pictorial and statistical reference to each American theatrical season , and is referenced daily by industry professionals , students , historians , and theatre fans worldwide . Until 1998 , the Theatre World editorial staff administered the Theatre World Awards for Outstanding Broadway and off-Broadway debuts . First under the supervision of Theatre World founder Daniel Blum and then under John Willis , who took over the production of the Awards following Blum 's death in 1964 , the Theatre World Awards were first given to those recipients considered `` Promising Personalities . '' In 1998 , the Theatre World Awards were incorporated as a 501 ( c ) 3 nonprofit organization and are currently overseen by a board of directors independent of `` Theatre World . '' Theatre World is the recipient of a 2001 Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre , presented by the American Theatre Wing , and on behalf of the publication , longtime editor-in-chief John Willis ( 1916-2010 ) accepted honors including the first Special Lucille Lortel Award , a Special Drama Desk Award , and the Broadway Theatre Institute ( now The Theatre Museum ) Lifetime Achievement Award . Theatre World is published annually by Theatre World Media and distributed by Applause Theatre and Cinema Books . The permanent editorial staff currently consists of Ben Hodges , editor in chief , and coeditor Scott Denny . Current editorial staff includes Adam Feldman of Time Out New York ( Broadway ) , Linda Buchwald TDF Stages ( Off-Broadway ) , Shay Gines New York Innovative Theatre Awards ( Off-Off-Broadway ) , and Diep Tran American Theatre Magazine ( Regional theatre ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2227ab834f2434a56ea7f9dd5140e677", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812513f9570ffa2bc42002c3196aef03", "text": "Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia . Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members . The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others . In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network . David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing . In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta . Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects . In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre . In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores . In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience . Official Website Category : Theatres in Atlanta", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7edf40c04c99285584ae7f393107489", "text": "English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level . Its inaugural production ( 1986 ) was an anthology entitled The Henrys ( Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V ) which opened at the Theatre Royal , Plymouth in December 1986 . A year later , several more plays ( Richard II , Henry VI : House of Lancaster , Henry VI : House of York and Richard III ) were added to the original productions and were presented as a complete history cycle under the title of The Wars of the Roses . The production toured for two years in seventeen venues in the UK including the Old Vic in London , as well as appearing at several international venues , including the Hong Kong Festival , opening the new Tokyo Globe Theatre , being the centrepiece of The World Theatre Festival of Chicago , and touring to Stamford , Connecticut , the Spoleto Festival , Melbourne , the Adelaide Festival , Brisbane , The Netherlands , Hamburg , Berlin and Frankfurt . In addition to The Wars of the Roses , productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented . They included Twelfth Night , Macbeth , The Tempest , Romeo & Juliet , Antony and Cleopatra and As You Like It . The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET . indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world .", "title": "" } ]	fever
91c9840bb5c27d83c74d5b3e60a8b73e	The Twelfth Doctor is a TV show protagonist.	[ { "docid": "31242caa5ab97006853fd41adc7871b8", "text": "Twelfth Doctor The Twelfth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who . He is portrayed by Scottish actor Peter Capaldi . Within the series ' narrative , the Doctor is a time travelling , humanoid alien from a race known as the Time Lords . When the Doctor is critically injured , he can regenerate his body , and in doing so gain a new physical appearance , and with it a distinct new personality ; this plot mechanism has allowed the Doctor to be portrayed by a series of actors over the decades since the programme 's inception in 1963 . Capaldi 's portrayal of the Doctor is a spiky , brusque , contemplative , and pragmatic character who conceals his emotions in the course of making tough and sometimes ruthless decisions . Capaldi made his first , very brief appearance as the Doctor in the show 's fiftieth anniversary special `` The Day of the Doctor '' ( 2013 ) , as one of the thirteen incarnations of the Doctor who are summoned to save Gallifrey from destruction . Capaldi 's first full appearance as the Doctor was at the end of the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . He is accompanied in the eighth and ninth series by companion Clara Oswald ( Jenna Coleman ) . He also appeared in `` For Tonight We Might Die '' , the first episode of the 2016 spin-off series Class . In the tenth series of Doctor Who , he is accompanied by two new companions : Nardole ( Matt Lucas ) and Bill Potts ( Pearl Mackie ) . On 30 January 2017 , Capaldi announced he would be leaving the programme , with the 2017 Christmas episode being his last .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ee3da5ad7b748ca6a5c8e73e3df331e0", "text": "The Crooked World The Crooked World is a BBC Books original novel written by Steve Lyons and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . It features the Eighth Doctor , Fitz and Anji .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd353359f873fd2f4e64357b9a1cce8", "text": "Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall . This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series . Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d52afbddcaf3ee7dfb09a53d9f5e28f", "text": "Twelfth Night (1966 film) Twelfth Night is a 1966 Australian TV version of the play by William Shakespeare . It starred Roger Climpson and Helen Morse and was directed by Ken Hannam . It screened as part of Wednesday Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8dd0566ce2e7d25084f20100ed12ef8", "text": "Alien Arena `` Alien Arena '' is a BBC Books adventure book written by Richard Dungworth and is based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . It features the Tenth Doctor and Martha . This is part of the Decide Your Destiny series which makes you choose what happens in the books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0708f2a47cb698fda346226dcacb7bf5", "text": "Chris Cwej Christopher Rodonanté Cwej , usually just known as Chris Cwej , is a fictional character from the Virgin New Adventures range of spin-offs based on the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who . His surname should technically be pronounced `` Shvay '' , but he pronounces it `` Kwedge '' rather than keep correcting people . His first appearance was in the novel Original Sin by Andy Lane , with his adjudicator partner Roz Forrester . Adjudicators are the police force of 30th century Earth , which was at that time divided into the Overcity and the Undercity . Chris was born in 2954 to a family who lived in the lower levels of the Overcity . Chris 's father , Volsted Kornbluth Cwej , was also an adjudicator . Chris 's father was fairly old when Chris was born , having retired from the Adjudicators the previous year , 2953 , after 48 years of service , and he is well over 70 years old when the young Chris meets the Doctor . Chris 's grandfather died when Chris was only five , and Chris cried when he saw his grandfather being put into a coffin . A more distant ancestor , possibly a great grandfather was Nathaniel Cwej . Even further back , there was a Cwej involved with the founding of the Adjudicators , and the family have had a long association with the Adjudicators ever since . Chris 's accent sounds American , although his home would once have been considered a part of England , and his surname may have a Germanic/Saxon derivation . Chris is tall , blonde and muscular , and when he first met the Seventh Doctor and Bernice , he had had a `` body bepple '' ( bodily alteration ) which made him look like a teddy bear . He and Roz were investigating a murder case in Undercity in the year 2975 when they encountered the Doctor and Bernice . They helped the Doctor defeat his old enemy Tobias Vaughn , who had been manipulating human advancement since the 20th century . Having realise the extent of corruption in the Earth Empire and the Adjudicators , Chris and Roz chose to leave in the TARDIS . Chris and Roz travelled with the Doctor for many adventures . In this eventful period , Chris fathered two daughters : Jasmine Surprise Cwej-Hutchings with Ishtar Hutchings , and iKrissi with Dep of the People . After Roz 's death in battle , Chris continued to travel with the Doctor for a short time , but the event had a profound effect on him . During the events of Eternity Weeps , the Doctor 's former companion Liz Shaw contracted a deadly virus and begged Chris to kill her , however he was unable to do it . This and the subsequent death of millions of people from the virus caused Chris to question himself and first consider quitting the TARDIS . It took the apparent death of the Doctor in Japan to make him put aside his doubts and help protect the people of the local village from the local warlord , who wanted an alien device in their possession . The Doctor and Chris then travelled to the Doctor 's home planet of Gallifrey , where the Doctor faced members of his House and many dark secrets were revealed . After this , Chris decided to travel alone using a time ring given to him by Romana . The book which depicts Chris 's sexual encounter with a gay man , Damaged Goods , was written by future executive producer of the series Russell T Davies , whose works often include gay themes . Much like Davies ' later introduction to the series proper , Jack Harkness , Cwej opines that sexuality is not an issue where he comes from .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce87e22f0a792f3ddfa5bfa0ec4bf4c", "text": "Waking the Dead (TV series) Waking the Dead is a British television police procedural crime drama series produced by the BBC featuring a fictional London-based Cold Case unit composed of CID police officers , a psychological profiler and a forensic scientist . A pilot episode aired in September 2000 , and there were a total of nine series . Each story is split into two hour-long episodes , shown on consecutive nights on BBC One . A third series episode won an International Emmy Award in 2004 . The programme was also shown on BBC America in the United States , though these screenings are edited to allow for advertising breaks , as well as UKTV in Australia and New Zealand and ABC1 in Australia . The show aired its final episode on 11 April 2011 . A spin-off from the series , titled The Body Farm , revolving around forensic scientist Eve Lockhart ( Tara Fitzgerald ) , was announced by the BBC in January 2011 and ran for just one series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78538512a29e0f399f2b1cf04625f491", "text": "Doctor Who Magazine Doctor Who Magazine ( abbreviated as DWM ) is a magazine devoted to the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Its current editor is Tom Spilsbury , who has been with the magazine since 2003 . It is currently recognised by Guinness World Records as the longest running TV tie-in magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0de29283032b238cc0deb6e2c25c51", "text": "The Trial of a Time Lord The Trial of a Time Lord is a 14-part science fiction serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The serial , produced as the show 's twenty-third season , aired in weekly episodes from 6 September to 6 December 1986 . The only Doctor Who presentation of its kind , it contains four adventures : The Mysterious Planet , Mindwarp , Terror of the Vervoids , and The Ultimate Foe -- Colin Baker 's final story . The idea for the serial stemmed from several production changes to Doctor Who , such as reduced screen time for the season and a request from BBC controller Michael Grade that the series contain less violence and more humour . Several problems occurred during production , including the death of scriptwriter Robert Holmes , and the resignation of script editor Eric Saward . This was the last serial to star Colin Baker because he was dismissed from the role when it ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a39bc6b265c8100112524f8b0eb0f74", "text": "The Thirteenth Tale (film) The Thirteenth Tale is a British drama television film that first broadcast on BBC Two on 30 December 2013 . It is an adaptation of Diane Setterfield 's gothic novel The Thirteenth Tale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "419c09195125694796dba76660755482", "text": "The Long Game `` The Long Game '' is the seventh episode of the first series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who that was first broadcast on 7 May 2005 on BBC One . It was written by executive producer Russell T Davies and directed by Brian Grant . In the episode , alien time traveller the Doctor ( Christopher Eccleston ) and his companion Rose Tyler ( Billie Piper ) , having been joined by near-future genius Adam Mitchell ( Bruno Langley ) , land on Satellite 5 in the far future . Satellite 5 is a space station that broadcasts news across the entire human empire . However , the Doctor notices that the station is suspicious : there are no aliens , and those who are promoted to Floor 500 seem to disappear . The Doctor and Rose discover that the Editor ( Simon Pegg ) and an alien are controlling the rest of humanity by way of the press . Meanwhile , Adam makes a mistake that forces the Doctor and Rose to take him home . The concept of `` The Long Game '' was originally submitted by Davies to the Doctor Who script office in the 1980s . Davies had also been interested in doing a storyline about a failed companion . In addition , critics have pointed out that the story is a satire on the media . Production for the episode took place in November and December 2004 , with some location filming in Coryton , Cardiff . `` The Long Game '' was watched by 8.01 million viewers in the UK and received generally mixed reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640a5e6880eccc62540d732ff8f0e32d", "text": "Twelfth Night (1988 film) Twelfth Night , or , What You Will is a videotaped 1988 television adaptation of Kenneth Branagh 's stage production for the Renaissance Theatre Company of William Shakespeare 's Twelfth Night first broadcast in the UK by ITV on 30 December 1988 . Made by Thames Television , in collaboration with Renaissance , it stars Frances Barber as Viola and Richard Briers as Malvolio . The recording was shot on a single set with the appearance of a wintry garden . The costumes are Victorian , and the time of year is Christmas . Michael Brooke , in his piece for the BFI 's screenonline website , particularly commends Briers performance . His `` Malvolio is a delight , segueing seamlessly from self-righteous pomposity at inappropriate revelry to truly grotesque self-delusion as he proffers love to his mistress while clad in yellow stockings '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d35a8ffbcd839b9d5b5cc8068297830", "text": "Doctor Who: The Mazes of Time Doctor Who : The Mazes of Time is a video game for the Apple iOS platform based on the BBC TV series Doctor Who . It is the first official Doctor Who game to be released through the App Store and was released on the Android platform in August 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "997d22cb88a384d4d2f1ba05070e3112", "text": "Doctors (series 1) Series one of the long-running BBC television medical soap opera Doctors '' first aired on 26 March 2000 . The first series ran for 41 episodes . This series concluded on 19 May 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dac8eb0cd706ef69f8ffd097c7944ed", "text": "History of UNIT UNIT ( UNified Intelligence Taskforce , formerly United Nations Intelligence Taskforce ) is a fictional military organisation from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Operating under the auspices of the United Nations , its purpose is to investigate and combat paranormal and extraterrestrial threats to the Earth . As is common in long-running series whose back-stories are not mapped out in advance , and which are also the product of many different writers over the course of years , the fictional history of UNIT has seen retroactive changes which have caused some continuity problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8023bccb363eb78374ef4aface132137", "text": "Valhalla (audio drama) Valhalla is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series '' Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86261b8a65cc50f2f8f37aae340f3605", "text": "The Twelfth Man The Twelfth Man ( also known as The 12th Man ) is the name for a series of comedy productions by Australian satirist Billy Birmingham . Birmingham , a skilled impersonator , is generally known for parodying Australian sports commentators ' voices . As befits the name ( a reference to the non-playing reserve in an eleven-player cricket side ) , Birmingham particularly focuses on cricket commentators such as Richie Benaud , Bill Lawry and Tony Greig . This is also because many of Australia 's cricket commentators have distinctive and easily identifiable voices and accents . The parodies , released periodically on CD , are designed as a comical look `` behind the scenes '' of the Nine Network 's cricket commentary . Birmingham traditionally plays all the roles ( with the exception of Ken Sutcliffe , who played himself ; and some minor female characters , such as Richie Benaud 's secretary ) . Benaud himself sent a critique of each CD to Birmingham and was known to have a mixed opinion of the recordings , due predominantly to Birmingham 's use of profanity . All albums were produced and engineered by David Frogatt . The 12th Man 's most popular song is `` Marvellous ! '' featuring all the main three commentators . It was first recorded as a single in 1991 , with backing vocals by Jimmy Barnes , John Farnham , Diesel and Glenn Shorrock among others . An updated version , with some of the commentators changed , was featured on Still the 12th Man . He has since released an updated version of the song entitled `` Marvellous 2006 '' on his latest album Boned ! . It can be heard at the 12th Man 's MySpace . In an article in the Sydney Morning Herald on 22 November 2009 , Birmingham announced that Boned ! would be his last studio album as The Twelfth Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f97abd1475e07320fe564b8854e844ab", "text": "The Rescue (Doctor Who) The Rescue is the third serial of the second season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , which was first broadcast in two weekly parts on 2 January and 9 January 1965 on BBC1 . It was written by outgoing story editor David Whitaker and directed by Christopher Barry . The Rescue was produced in a six-episode block with The Romans and was the first story produced in Doctor Who second production block . Rehearsals and recording took place from 30 November to 11 December 1964 , entirely in-studio . The two episodes were watched by 12 and 13 million viewers in the UK respectively and have received generally positive reviews from critics , who praise the character-based storytelling , although plot holes were noted . Both episodes of The Rescue have been retained in the BBC archives , and the story has been novelised and released on VHS and DVD . The serial is notable as the first appearance of Maureen O'Brien as companion Vicki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ead303031e27b1a9614d1a92d47f366", "text": "List of non-televised Seventh Doctor stories In addition to the televised episodes of Doctor Who starring Sylvester McCoy , the Seventh Doctor has appeared in a number of spin-off media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab99de8d4f93465670307994db36804", "text": "Sixth Doctor comic stories The Sixth Doctor comic stories is a range of off-screen adventures featuring the sixth incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the hit sci-fi series Doctor Who . Continuing the themes of the televised series , every story sees the Doctor travelling to a new destination and fighting evil and righting wrongs .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a1b23c0c5caafdadea24edc71b581dad	James Bond is based on a character from a book series.	[ { "docid": "cfae8afd87d14d8e747780fcbc33c8bc", "text": "Trigger Mortis Trigger Mortis is a 2015 James Bond novel written by Anthony Horowitz , and the latest Bond novel to be commissioned by the estate of Bond 's creator Ian Fleming , which was published on 8 September 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc483754e12df97b883ec7126c8581e6", "text": "Ian Fleming Ian Lancaster Fleming ( 28 May 1908 -- 12 August 1964 ) was an English author , journalist and naval intelligence officer who is best known for his James Bond series of spy novels . Fleming came from a wealthy family connected to the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co. , and his father was the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910 until his death on the Western Front in 1917 . Educated at Eton , Sandhurst and , briefly , the universities of Munich and Geneva , Fleming moved through several jobs before he started writing . While working for Britain 's Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War , Fleming was involved in planning Operation Goldeneye and in the planning and oversight of two intelligence units , 30 Assault Unit and T-Force . His wartime service and his career as a journalist provided much of the background , detail and depth of the James Bond novels . Fleming wrote his first Bond novel , Casino Royale , in 1952 . It was a success , with three print runs being commissioned to cope with the demand . Eleven Bond novels and two collections of short-stories followed between 1953 and 1966 . The novels revolved around James Bond , an officer in the Secret Intelligence Service , commonly known as MI6 . Bond was also known by his code number , 007 , and was a commander in the Royal Naval Reserve . The Bond stories rank among the best-selling series of fictional books of all time , having sold over 100 million copies worldwide . Fleming also wrote the children 's story Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang and two works of non-fiction . In 2008 , The Times ranked Fleming 14th on its list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' . Fleming was married to Ann Charteris , who was divorced from the second Viscount Rothermere owing to her affair with the author . Fleming and Charteris had a son , Caspar . Fleming was a heavy smoker and drinker for most of his life and succumbed to heart disease in 1964 at the age of 56 . Two of his James Bond books were published posthumously ; other writers have since produced Bond novels . Fleming 's creation has appeared in film twenty-six times , portrayed by seven actors .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5a7c8c432cc13bafc037bf00b772b3ef", "text": "Shoot to Kill (Cole novel) Shoot to Kill is a novel written by Steve Cole , the first continuation entry in the Young Bond series . Cole took over from Charlie Higson who left the series in 2009 after his final instalment A Hard Man to Kill . Shoot to Kill features Ian Fleming 's spy , James Bond in his teenage years , finding himself troubled in the outskirts of Los Angeles , having recently been expelled from Eton . It was followed Heads You Die in May 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f228be9c3f78aca473cf1cdd026677c", "text": "We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket . The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows : We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens . The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5193f7d8218e89c4c84ce83ca3182e8b", "text": "The Link (UK organization) The Link was established in July 1937 as an ` independent non-party organisation to promote Anglo-German friendship ' . It generally operated as a cultural organisation , although its journal , the Anglo-German Review , reflected the pro-Nazi views of Admiral Sir Barry Domvile , and particularly in London it attracted a number of anti-semites and pro-Nazis . At its height the membership numbered around 4,300 . The Link was opposed to war between Britain and Germany , and because of this attracted the support of some British pacifists . When The Link and the Anglo-German Review were included among a number of peace organisations across the political spectrum in the Peace Service Handbook ( a publication put out by the Peace Pledge Union ) the Daily Telegraph and The News Chronicle published articles accusing the PPU of supporting Nazism . In response , PPU member Stuart Morris wrote to the papers stating there was no connection between the PPU and The Link , and that the former organisation did not support the German demand for colonies or peace at the expense of smaller nations . The PPU also sent a letter to its group leaders dissociating The Link from the PPU , and ceased publishing the Peace Service Handbook . The organisation was investigated by Maxwell Knight , head of counter-subversion in MI5 and future role model for James Bond 's boss M . The organisation closed shortly after the start of World War II in 1939 . Admiral Sir Barry Domvile was interned in 1940 as someone who might `` endanger the safety of the realm '' . According to Anthony Masters , the Link was allegedly resurrected in 1940 by Ian Fleming , then working in the Department of Naval Intelligence , in order to successfully lure Rudolf Hess ( deputy party leader and third in leadership of Germany , after Adolf Hitler and Hermann Göring ) to Britain in May 1941 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ec8c14584488573809a31da108b6a2", "text": "The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power . The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public . In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) . By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War . The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President . The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on . The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction . Category :1978 books Category : Corruption Category : Secret histories Category : Thriller novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a4e8b601fc765133b26891d836d7f2", "text": "The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy is a historical fiction novel written by Jacopo della Quercia . The plot follows President William Howard Taft , scientist and son of a former president Robert Todd Lincoln , Secret Service Chief John Wilkie , Captain ( later Major ) Archibald Butt and others as they slowly unravel a worldwide conspiracy over a decade in the making . The book , which was della Quercia 's debut novel , was published in 2014 by St. Martin 's Griffin , an imprint of publishing company St. Martin 's Press . The author described the book 's genre not as singular distinct genre , but as an `` equal parts cocktail '' of adventure , historical fiction , science fiction , thriller and comedy . In 2015 , della Quercia released a spiritual sequel , License to Quill , of a similar nature that concerns the lives of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare in Reformation-era Europe . The book has many references to actual events ; some , such as the sinking of the RMS Titanic , are important plot points , while others , such as the destruction of the zeppelin Erbslöh , are passively mentioned as news or memories . The author also includes excerpts from real newspaper articles , which were used to provide exposition in the storyline . Similarly , all of the main characters in the book were real , relevant figures in the 20th century . The characters profiles were fictionalized to fit in with the book 's plot and atmosphere , but their names , positions , occupations and personalities are kept largely intact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a056d1abbeead1b71fa0e30509c4a96", "text": "Bulldog Drummond (novel) Bull-dog Drummond ( later Bulldog Drummond ) was the first Bulldog Drummond novel . It was published in 1920 and written by H. C. McNeile under the pen name Sapper . The novel begins with ex-British Army Captain Hugh `` Bulldog '' Drummond , DSO , MC , a wealthy former World War I officer of the Loamshire Regiment , dashing and strong , but not handsome , placing an advertisement in The Times stating his desire for an adventure . He receives a reply from a young woman , concerned about some business acquaintances of her father . It turns out that her father is being blackmailed by archvillain Carl Peterson who is attempting to organise a coup d'état to enable a pro-communist takeover of Britain . Ironically , this is being done for financial gain as Peterson is being paid by wealthy foreigners who will profit from this . Drummond is captured several times , and manages to escape several times , before eventually defeating Peterson and his henchmen , with the aid of ex-army friends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1e6510e4b3dd7ae027f5071dcfef94f", "text": "The Presidential Agent series The Presidential Agent series was written by military author , W. E. B. Griffin . The series consists so far of eight novels , By Order of the President , The Hostage , The Hunters , The Shooters , Black Ops , The Outlaws , Covert Warriors , and Hazardous Duty . Like the rest of his novels , Griffin uses military time , along with the address of the place , and the chapter titles are never started on a separate page . The series is the author 's latest . The main character , Carlos Guillermo Castillo , first appears as an Army major and is later promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel . Carlos is also known as Karl Wilhelm von und zu Gossinger . The reason for the double name stems from his parentage . His father , U.S. Army Warrant Officer Junior Grade Jorge Alejandro Castillo , had a one-night stand with his mother . His mother , Erika von und zu Gossinger , never saw Jorge again as he died shortly thereafter , flying `` his fifty-second rescue mission , picking up downed chopper crews , when he was hit and his Huey blew up . '' Jorge Castillo was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . This allows Carlos to be admitted to West Point , which begins his Army career . Erika raised Karl Wilhelm with the help of her father and brother , in das Haus im Wald ( the House in the Woods ) until they both died in an automobile accident on the Autobahn , leaving her to raise the boy alone . When Karl Wilhelm is the age of 12 his mother contracts fatal pancreatic cancer . She enlists the help of the then Major Naylor , who is stationed in Germany and was friends with her father , to find the boy 's father . Naylor does some research into the father and finds out that not only is he dead but he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . He flies to San Antonio and shows Karl 's paternal grandmother , Doña Alicia Castillo a photograph of Karl . Upon seeing the photo she says that the boy has `` Jorge 's eyes '' and immediately goes to Germany . Doña Alicia says that she and her husband , Don Juan Fernando Castillo , will take care of Karl when Erika herself dies of cancer . Karl is 12 and an orphan , but he goes from one rich , but loving , home to another and will gain a cousin , Fernando Lopez , who will become like a brother to him . Castillo , known to his friends as Charley , admits to being confused about who he is at times . There is good reason for this . Not only do his family members leave him a proud legacy of elite Texican/Germanic heritage , they also give him a grounding in English , Spanish , German , Russian , Hungarian and a couple of others . He is an Army aviator , holds credentials for the Secret Service and an Executive Assistant to the Secretary of Homeland Security . Because of his interesting background , Castillo comes to the attention of the President , who decides to use him as a single-source information funnel for intelligence matters , `` to serve as sort of a check on the investigations of the various agencies involved ... What I 'd like to know is what did they know and when did they know it ? '' The series has become one of Griffin 's most popular . Griffin 's son , William E. Butterworth , is listed on Griffin 's website as co-authoring `` The Outlaws '' , `` Covert Warriors '' , and `` Hazardous Duty '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a505187c92271bb6d0fc04902b33785d", "text": "Len Deighton Leonard Cyril Deighton ( -LSB- ˈdiːtən -RSB- born 18 February 1929 ) , known as Len Deighton , is a British author . Deighton is considered one of the top three spy novelists of his time ( along with Ian Fleming and John le Carré ) . In addition he is a highly acclaimed military historian , cookery writer , and graphic artist . The IPCRESS File ( 1962 ) , his first novel , was an instant bestseller and broke the mould of thriller writing . The Sunday Times dubbed him `` the poet of the spy story '' . Deighton 's first protagonist -- a nameless spy christened Harry Palmer in the films -- was made famous worldwide in the iconic 1960s films starring Michael Caine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "151fc0fe9259f784f21f1ed7c6fbbcde", "text": "Jennings (novel series) The Jennings series is a collection of novels written by Anthony Buckeridge ( 1912 -- 2004 ) , as children 's literature , and concern the humorous escapades of J.C.T. Jennings , a schoolboy at Linbury Court preparatory school in England . There are 23 novels in the series , excluding reprints and other material . The first of the series , Jennings Goes to School , appeared in 1950 , and new titles were published regularly until the mid-1970s ( the last was Jennings at Large , published in 1977 , the only novel to feature Jennings during the school holidays ) , with two more volumes following in the 1990s ( Jennings Again in 1991 , and That 's Jennings in 1994 ) . The earliest ten novels in the series were reprinted in the UK in paperback , by Armada Books , in the late 1960s ; and many of the novels were translated from the original English into foreign languages . Quite often , the character 's name was not even retained : when published in France , Jennings ' name was changed to `` Bennett '' ; in Norway he was known as `` Stompa '' ; and in Brazil , when published during the 1970s , the character 's name became `` Johnny '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02b2abd77170197b7ae137ff009afee6", "text": "The Man with the Golden Gun The Man with the Golden Gun may refer to : The Man with the Golden Gun ( novel ) , a 1965 Ian Fleming novel The Man with the Golden Gun ( film ) , a 1974 film , starring Roger Moore as James Bond The Man with the Golden Gun ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack of the 1974 film `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' ( song ) , the title song of the 1974 film , sung by Lulu `` Man With the Golden Gun '' , an Alice Cooper song that did not make the film 's soundtrack and was instead released on 1973 's Muscle of Love album Francisco Scaramanga , the titular villain of both the novel and the film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fa4d8dce4971a2b81a7c2c64773017", "text": "Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30c9c81500d14fa8c4a6442f10ee761", "text": "Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes . In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run . Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8f633df7110a51878a96762077d6424", "text": "The World Is Not Enough (novel) The World Is Not Enough , published in 1999 , is the fifth novel by Raymond Benson featuring Ian Fleming 's secret agent , James Bond based on the 1999 film of the same name . It was only the second James Bond novel copyrighted by Ian Fleming Publications ( formerly Glidrose Publications ) . It was published in the United Kingdom by Hodder & Stoughton and in the United States by Putnam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1802c67d9c38d6d5fcb8515e9a43b94", "text": "Green Street, Mayfair Green Street is a street in Mayfair , London , England . It runs west to east from Park Lane to North Audley Street . The James Bond author Ian Fleming was born at no 27 on 28 May 1908 . Thomas Sopwith lived at no 46 from 1934 to 1940 , which has a blue plaque in his memory . When the Beatles first arrived in London in 1963 , they stayed at the Hotel President in Bloomsbury before taking a lease on an apartment at no. 57 , and this was the only London address where all four ever lived together . The fashion designer Alexander McQueen hanged himself in a wardrobe at his flat in 7 Green Street in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e76e91231a6cca0dfe83c5833043eda8", "text": "Bridget Jones Bridget Jones is a franchise based on a fictional character of the same name . British writer Helen Fielding started her Bridget Jones 's Diary column in The Independent in 1995 , while chronicling the life of Jones as a thirtysomething single woman in London as she tries to make sense of life and love with the help of a surrogate `` urban family '' of friends in the 1990s . The column lampooned the obsession of women with women 's magazines such as Cosmopolitan and wider social trends in Britain at the time . Fielding published the novelisation of the column in 1996 , followed by a sequel in 1999 called Bridget Jones : The Edge of Reason . Both novels were adapted for the big screen in 2001 and 2004 , starring Renée Zellweger as Bridget Jones , and Hugh Grant and Colin Firth as the men in her life : Daniel Cleaver and Mark Darcy , respectively . After Fielding had ceased to work for The Daily Telegraph in late 1998 , the feature began again in The Independent on 4 August 2005 and finished in June 2006 . Helen Fielding released a third novel in 2013 , Bridget Jones : Mad About the Boy , which is set 14 years after the events of the second novel . The fictional character `` Bridget Jones '' was named on the 2016 Woman 's Hour Power List as one of seven women judged to have had the biggest impact on women 's lives over the past 70 years , alongside Margaret Thatcher , Barbara Castle , Helen Brook , Germaine Greer , Jayaben Desai and Beyoncé .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13a994e6f9a5d5163460e07d1d0f854b", "text": "007 Legends 007 Legends is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of British secret agent James Bond . It was developed by Eurocom and released by Activision in October 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , November 2012 for Microsoft Windows and December 2012 for Wii U . The game is available as physical optical disc media , as well as a digital release download via PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Marketplace on date of release . It was removed off all other digital stores without warning . The PAL Wii U version of the game was released in some parts of Europe on 6 December 2012 , and in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2012 . The release was cancelled in Australia . The game was released to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the James Bond film series . To achieve this the single player campaign includes one mission from each of the six actors ' eras , being Goldfinger ( Sean Connery ) , On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( George Lazenby ) , Moonraker ( Roger Moore ) , Licence to Kill ( Timothy Dalton ) and Die Another Day ( Pierce Brosnan ) , with Skyfall ( Daniel Craig ) released as downloadable content for the Xbox 360 , PS3 and PC and included on disc for the Wii U version . Additionally , some of the original talent from the films add their likenesses and voices to their associated characters . 007 Legends is the fourth James Bond game title to be released by Activision , as well as the last game Eurocom developed before the company ceased operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36d526bca34bbcec6930474ed37a2540", "text": "Inspector Rebus The Inspector Rebus books are a series of detective novels by the Scottish author Ian Rankin . The novels , centred on Detective Inspector John Rebus , are mostly based in and around Edinburgh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9b05bb810170a5218d1c2623804dd783	Dwayne Johnson holds two nationalities.	[ { "docid": "0eb82b659dac2cc8858022f77cc5e90c", "text": "Dwayne Johnson Dwayne Douglas Johnson ( born May 2 , 1972 ) , also known by his ring name , The Rock , is an American actor , producer , and professional wrestler . He holds both American and Canadian citizenships . Born in California and raised in New Zealand and the U.S. states of Hawaii and Pennsylvania , Johnson was a college football player for the University of Miami , where he won a national championship on the 1991 Miami Hurricanes football team . He later played for the Calgary Stampeders in the Canadian Football League and was cut two months into the 1995 season . This led him to become a professional wrestler like his grandfather , Peter Maivia , and his father , Rocky Johnson , from whom he also inherited his Canadian citizenship . Currently signed to WWE on a part-time contract , Johnson gained mainstream fame in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) from 1996 to 2004 as a major figure in the company 's Attitude Era , and was the first third-generation wrestler in the company 's history . He returned to wrestling part-time for WWE from 2011 to 2013 and continues to make sporadic non-wrestling appearances for the company . Johnson has 17 championship reigns in WWE , including 10 as a world champion , winning the WWF/WWE Championship eight times ( seventh reign was as WWE Undisputed Champion ) and the WCW/World Championship twice . He won the WWF Intercontinental Championship twice and the WWF Tag Team Championship five times . Johnson is the sixth Triple Crown Champion in WWE history and won the 2000 Royal Rumble . He is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time . Johnson 's autobiography The Rock Says ... , co-written with Joe Layden , was published in 2000 . It debuted at No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list , spent 20 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list , and sold 720,000 copies in hardcover alone . Johnson 's first leading film role was in The Scorpion King in 2002 . For this role , he was paid US$ 5.5 million , a world record for an actor in his first starring role . He has since appeared in various films , and become known for his ability to reinvigorate film franchises . One of his more prominent roles is Luke Hobbs in The Fast and the Furious franchise ; its most recent film , The Fate of the Furious , was released in 2017 and has grossed over $ 1.1 billion worldwide , making it the second highest-grossing film of 2017 and the twelfth highest-grossing film of all time . He hosted and produced The Hero , a reality competition series ; and has since continued to produce TV series and films through his production company Seven Bucks Productions , each of which he also stars in . Forbes listed Johnson No. 25 in the Top 100 Most Powerful Celebrities in 2013 . He was the world 's highest-paid actor of 2016 . Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016 . In 2015 , Muscle & Fitness named Johnson their `` Man of the Century '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "815569e2d84ab2d9154bc8b189e084ea", "text": "Johnson Deng Johnson Deng is a South Sudanese footballer who currently plays as a midfielder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5839f64fcdf2dafee47bd4cb7bfceda", "text": "Race and ethnicity in the NHL The National Hockey League evolved from a mono-ethnic and primarily Canadian professional athletic league to span North America . The distribution of ethnic groups has been gradually changing since the inception of the NHL . The league consists of a variety of players from varying nationalities and diverse backgrounds . Once known as a league riddled with racism and exclusiveness , the NHL has made positive steps toward a more diverse and inclusive institution . According to statistics , gathered by www.quanthockey.com , the NHL began its expansion of player nationalities in the 1970s , where players hailed from the United States , Sweden , and Finland . The share of Canadians in the league dropped to 75 % by the 1980s and is now slightly less than 50 % . The NHL is composed of 93 % of players who designate themselves as white with the remaining 7 % of varying ethnicities . The NHL currently has 32 players of African-American descent . Some notable NHL stars of African-American descent are Dustin Byfuglien , Evander Kane , and Joel Ward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "984ac3a6e9296ad33eb93d8c8b519912", "text": "Dwayne Harper Dwayne Harper ( born March 29 , 1966 ) is a former professional American football cornerback who played 12 seasons in the National Football League . He started in Super Bowl XXIX for the San Diego Chargers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8821d59ee846a618b8a99d7f2462d828", "text": "Multiracial Americans Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of `` two or more races '' . The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially ( cf. the one-drop rule ) . In the 2010 US census , approximately 9 million individuals , or 2.9 % of the population , self-identified as multiracial . There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number , but people live according to social and cultural identities , not DNA . Historical reasons , including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans , often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity , generally that of the culture in which they were raised . Prior to the mid-20th century , many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities . While many Americans may be biologically multiracial , they often do not know it or do not identify so culturally , any more than they maintain all the differing traditions of a variety of national ancestries . After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era , and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country , more people are openly forming interracial unions . In addition , social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to `` pass '' as white . Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States , such as the large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos . Since the 1980s , the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement ( cf. Loving Day ) . Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins , the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial . In 2008 Barack Obama was elected as the first multiracial President of the United States ; he acknowledges both sides of his family and identifies as African American . Today , multiracial individuals are found in every corner of the country . Multiracial groups in the United States include many African Americans , Louisiana Creoles , Métis Americans , Mestizo Americans , Hapas , Melungeons , Lumbees , Houmas , and several other communities found primarily in the Eastern US . Many Native Americans are multiracial in ancestry while identifying fully as members of federally recognized tribes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca95e82b3633d7fe28d2da98322e6610", "text": "Anoaʻi family The Anoaʻi family , originating from American Samoa , is a family of professional wrestlers . Family members have comprised several tag teams and stables within a variety of promotions . Famous members of the family include Rikishi , Yokozuna , Roman Reigns , The Usos , and Dwayne Johnson In addition , Reverend Amituana'i Anoa'i and Peter Maivia were `` blood brothers '' , a connection that continued with Afa and Sika , who regard Peter as their uncle . Peter married Ofelia `` Lia '' Fuataga , who already had a daughter named Feagaimaleata ( Ata ) , whom he adopted and raised as his own . Ata married wrestler Rocky Johnson , and the couple became the parents of Dwayne Johnson , who wrestled under the names Rocky Maivia and The Rock , before establishing himself as an actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50f67944ed70cfc58fc051c308976b9b", "text": "John Johnson (linebacker) John Vernard Johnson ( born May 8 , 1968 ) is a former American football linebacker who played five seasons in the National Football League with the San Francisco 49ers , Cincinnati Bengals and New Orleans Saints . He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the second round of the 1991 NFL Draft . He played college football at Clemson University and attended LaGrange High School in LaGrange , Georgia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13b93bd5673bc818778204ab2460f9ca", "text": "Dwayne Provo Dwayne Provo is a Canadian athlete , school administrator , and politician . Provo was born in North Preston , Nova Scotia ( one of Canada 's largest Black communities ) and attended university at Saint Mary 's University where he played Canadian football and was drafted in 1995 by the Saskatchewan Roughriders . He went on to play professional football in the Canadian Football League for 8 years ( as well as a brief stint in the National Football League ) . Since retiring from football he has taken further university studies and worked as a school administrator . In the 2006 Nova Scotia election , he ran as the Progressive Conservative candidate for the riding of Preston , but finished second to Liberal Keith Colwell . In 2009 , he ran again but placed third behind Colwell and New Democrat Janet Sutcliffe . He is a cousin to boxer Kirk Johnson and hockey player Evander Kane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24c74b6244e6a6a9ff45a34f7227d335", "text": "Jamaican Americans Jamaican Americans are Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry . The largest proportion of Jamaicans live in New York City , which has various other Caribbean cultural elements such as food and music . There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Philadelphia , Boston , South Florida , Tampa , Los Angeles , Orlando , Baltimore , Washington , D.C. , Atlanta , Cleveland , Western New York , Connecticut , and New Jersey . After 1838 , European colonies in the Caribbean with expanding sugar industries imported large numbers of immigrants to meet their acute labor shortage . Large numbers of Jamaicans were recruited to work in Panama and Costa Rica in the 1850s . After slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 , American planters imported temporary workers , called `` swallow migrants '' , to harvest crops on an annual basis . These workers , many of them Jamaicans , returned to their countries after harvest . Between 1881 and the beginning of World War I , the United States recruited over 250,000 workers from the Caribbean , 90,000 of whom were Jamaicans , to work on the Panama Canal . During both world wars , the United States again recruited Jamaican men for service on various American bases in the region . The vast majority of Jamaican American are of black Afro-Caribbean descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba2c0e22c321064179e4a4de61f57ce9", "text": "Dwayne Smith Dwayne Romel Smith ( born 12 April 1983 ) is a former Barbadian international cricketer who has represented the West Indies . The ( part-time ) all-rounder , he is known as an aggressive and powerful right-handed batsman , bowls medium pace , and is also an athletic fielder . Smith has played for Barbados since the start of his career but has also played three seasons for Sussex from 2008 -- 10 . He has become a sought-after Twenty20 player , making appearances in the Indian Premier League , for the Chennai Super Kings Mumbai Indians and the Deccan Chargers , and for New South Wales in the Australian domestic competition and for the Bangladesh Premier League in Khulna Royal Bengals for Pakistan Super League in Islamabad United . In March 2017 , Smith announced his retirement from international cricket .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9a2722d5b334a6546e167f066ed273b", "text": "Tjin-A-Djie family The Tjin-A-Djie family ( pronounced : Chin-Aaa-Jee ; popularity : rare/unique ) is a prominent gentry family from the country of Suriname with origins from China , France and Vietnam . They are one of the earliest Chinese families arriving in Suriname in the 1800s . The family is known for their significant , national successes ranging from trade to sports , which thrived throughout the latter part of Suriname 's history to the present day . Their success in Suriname began in the late Victorian era with the development into the agriculture sector with plantations . From this , the family expanded into other segments of industry and committees . Throughout history , members of the Tjin-A-Djie family have committed to developing various sectors of society involving baked goods and groceries , the Chinese association , import and export development , educational facilities , religious enterprises , politics , sports , and business . Today , the Tjin-A-Djie family continues to be a part of the Suriname Tennis Association , sponsoring the annual Opa Leo Tjin-A-Djie Tennis Tournament . Branches of the family today can be found predominantly in Suriname , with members residing in North America and Europe , such as in the Netherlands . Certain 21st century descendants can claim notoriety in their numerous ethnically diverse make-ups ; some as high as twelve different ethnicities including : Chinese , French , Vietnamese , Malaysian , Portuguese , Scottish , Dutch , German , Canadian , Surinamese , Native South American , and African . Their ancestor 's full name was Tjin-A-Djie , but according to the habits of the Chinese people , the root and base surname is Tjin . This is what makes this surname so unique to this family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d23a18a25c898682236ffe0c1ed78633", "text": "Dwayne Thomas Dwayne Virgil Thomas ( born April 22 , 1984 ) is an US Virgin Islands soccer player , who currently plays as a defender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f05c6c9d8f6b83674fea4776d6afa4", "text": "William D. Johnson William D. Johnson may refer to : William D. Johnson ( CEO ) ( born 1954 ) , American Chairman and CEO of Progress Energy William D. Johnson ( journalist ) , American journalist and labor activist William Daniel Johnson ( born 1954/55 ) , American attorney and white supremacist activist William Dartnell Johnson ( 1870 -- 1948 ) , Australian politician", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecec489a339550b7c7f7aaf61341027c", "text": "Sung Jun Huh Sung Jun Huh ( born 13 June 1992 ) is an American former football player who played for the Samsung Frankfurt Universe in the German Football League . He played at outside linebacker . He is possibly the only professional American football player , who is of Korean descent , besides Hines Ward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "809debc50290939b0a441d22a591fe44", "text": "Non-Hispanic whites Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin or `` Anglo '' '' ' , '' are people in the United States who , as defined by the Census Bureau , are considered racially white and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity . Non-Hispanic whites are a subcategory of white Americans , the other being white Hispanic and Latino Americans . Although generally all nations in Europe have contributed to the white population through emigration to Northern America in the last few centuries , the majority of non-Hispanic whites trace their origins to Northwestern Europe while other major sources originate in Southern and Eastern Europe ; German , Irish , and English ancestries are the most common . In the United States , this population was first derived from English ( and , to a lesser degree , French ) settlement of the Americas , as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century ( see History of the United States ) . Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries , especially Germany , Ireland , England , Spain , Greece , Sweden and Norway , as well as Poland , Russia , and many more countries . In 2011 , for the first time in U.S. history , non-Hispanic whites accounted for under half of the births in the country , with 49.6 % of total births . At 197.2 million in 2012 , non-Hispanic whites comprise 62.8 % of the total U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04f69702c8d9eb00ae19f7536d4a82e8", "text": "Richard S. Johnson Carl Richard Stanley Johnson ( born 15 October 1976 ) is a Swedish professional golfer . Johnson was born in Stockholm . His paternal grandfather is an American from New Jersey who settled in Sweden and married a Swede . Johnson played on the European Tour and won the ANZ Championship in 2002 . Johnson joined the PGA Tour in 2003 after successfully negotiating qualifying school . He has managed to gain at least partial status on the tour every year since . He placed in the top 50 of the money list in 2006 . He earned his card for the 2008 PGA Tour season at the 2007 PGA Tour Qualifying Tournament . He won his first title in 2008 , the U.S. Bank Championship in Milwaukee , but has not had much further PGA Tour success . Johnson won the Scandinavian Masters in 2010 on the European Tour . In 2016 , Johnson earned a European Tour card through Q School . Johnson was formerly a pro skateboarder . He also played handball and tennis in his youth . Johnson resides in Jupiter , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed49b2c7b3aebc7d20b8073da7d594a9", "text": "Neil Johnson (cricketer) Neil Clarkson Johnson ( born 24 January 1970 in Salisbury - now Harare ) is a former cricketer who played 13 Tests and 48 One Day Internationals for Zimbabwe between 1998 and 2000 . An all-rounder , he bowled right-arm fast-medium and played in the middle order as an aggressive left-handed batsman . He usually opened the batting in one-day cricket . Throughout his first-class career he spent time in both South Africa and England , playing for Boland , Eastern Province , Natal , Western Province , Leicestershire and Hampshire . Johnson was influential in Zimbabwe 's qualification to the Super Six stage of the 1999 World Cup . He won three Man-of-the-Match awards in the tournament . One of those awards came in his side 's surprise victory over eventual semi-finalists South Africa . Opening the batting , he top-scored with 76 before dismissing Gary Kirsten with the first ball of the South African chase . He then got rid of Jacques Kallis for a duck and finished with 3 for 27 . In the same tournament , he made an unbeaten 132 and took 2/43 against eventual champions Australia at Lord 's . Johnson is notable for having opened both the batting and bowling for his country in this World Cup . After the 2000 tour of England , Johnson retired from international cricket as a result of disputes over his payment from the Zimbabwe Cricket Union . He moved to South Africa , a country that he had lived in as a child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41512654283f1d2239c712b20fe3d5e8", "text": "John Johnson John Johnson may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63045e48844a8dfa2f7c77c4aa3cc217", "text": "Dennis Johnson (linebacker) Dennis Craig Johnson ( born June 19 , 1958 ) is a former professional American football linebacker in the National Football League . He played six seasons for the Minnesota Vikings ( 1980 -- 1985 ) and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers ( 1985 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "648bc45f5134a54e2055b461fc5e91f0", "text": "List of cricketers who have played for two international teams Twenty-six cricketers have represented two teams in top-level international cricket . Of those , fourteen have played Test cricket for two nations , nine have played One Day International ( ODI ) cricket for two teams , and four have played Twenty20 International ( T20I ) matches for two teams and two have played for two teams in different international formats . Four men have represented two team across multiple formats . Uniquely , Gavin Hamilton played his entire Test career solely for one team ( England ) and his entire ODI and T20I career for another ( Scotland ) and Ryan Campbell played his entire ODI career solely for one team ( Australia ) and his entire T20I career solely for another team ( Hong Kong ) . In the late-19th and early-20th centuries , players who had represented two international teams had been born in one country and moved to another with family . There were no clear rules on which nation one could represent , so switching was possible . More recently , citizenship has become the defining attribute as to whether a player can represent more than one international team . Billy Midwinter was the first cricketer to play for two nations during his career , playing two Test matches for Australia in 1877 before appearing for England in four Tests in 1881-82 . Within a year he was representing Australia once again . The Bulletin noted that `` In Australia he plays as an Englishman ; in England , as an Australian ; and he is always a credit to himself and his country ... whichever that may be . '' Four other Test cricketers switched allegiance from Australia to England in the late-19th century : Billy Murdoch , J. J. Ferris , Sammy Woods and Albert Trott . Both Frank Hearne and Frank Mitchell started their international careers playing for England but went on to play for the South African Test team . Three cricketers moved from representing India to Pakistan in the 1950s . John Traicos revived his Test career after playing for South Africa in 1970 , albeit briefly , when he featured for Zimbabwe in four Test matches in the early 1990s , more than 22 years after his previous international Test appearance . Kepler Wessels played both Test and ODI cricket for South Africa and Australia , while Guyana-born Clayton Lambert became the first cricketer to play just ODIs for two nations -- after playing eleven matches for the West Indies between 1990 and 1998 ( also five Tests ) , he played a single ODI for the United States in 2004 . Barbados-born Anderson Cummins made 63 ODI appearances for the West Indies before playing 13 times for Canada after a twelve-year gap . Both Dougie Brown and Ed Joyce began their international careers with England before switching teams , to Scotland and Ireland , while Eoin Morgan and Boyd Rankin made the opposite move , beginning with Ireland before switching to England . Luke Ronchi became the first player since Kepler Wessels to play for two Full Members of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) , making his ODI and T20I debuts for New Zealand in 2013 after having played for Australia in both formats five years earlier . The most recent cricketer to play for two teams in ODIs is Geraint Jones , who , after representing England in 34 Tests and 49 ODIs between 2004 and 2006 , made his ODI debut for Papua New Guinea in November 2014 . Note : These lists include only those players who have played Test matches , ODIs or T20Is accredited by the International Cricket Council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a04fe7cf0f424f547e4040d6b42cbdf", "text": "Anthony Johnson Anthony Johnson may refer to :", "title": "" } ]	fever
2f0f842979fbd0b60e90ce0fa87e48a5	Fight Club is a television show.	[ { "docid": "ef95db86f49aa12f774471733b6d7d04", "text": "Fight Club Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk . The film was directed by David Fincher , and stars Brad Pitt , Edward Norton and Helena Bonham Carter . Norton plays the unnamed protagonist , referred to as the narrator , who is discontented with his white-collar job . He forms a `` fight club '' with soap maker Tyler Durden , played by Pitt , and they are joined by men who also want to fight recreationally . The narrator becomes embroiled in a relationship with Durden and a dissolute woman , Marla Singer , played by Bonham Carter . Palahniuk 's novel was optioned by 20th Century Fox producer Laura Ziskin , who hired Jim Uhls to write the film adaptation . Fincher was one of four directors the producers considered , and was selected because of his enthusiasm for the film . Fincher developed the script with Uhls and sought screenwriting advice from the cast and others in the film industry . The director and the cast compared the film to Rebel Without a Cause ( 1955 ) and The Graduate ( 1967 ) . They said its theme was the conflict between a generation of young people and the value system of advertising . The director copied the homoerotic overtones from Palahniuk 's novel to make audiences uncomfortable and keep them from anticipating the twist ending . Studio executives did not like the film and restructured Fincher 's intended marketing campaign to try to reduce anticipated losses . Fight Club failed to meet the studio 's expectations at the box office and initially received polarizing reactions from critics , becoming one of the most controversial and talked-about films of the year . Critics praised the acting , directing , themes and messages but debated the explicit violence and moral ambiguity . Over time , however , reception towards the film has become largely positive with critics and audiences , finding critical and commercial success with its DVD release , which established Fight Club as a cult film . It is now regarded by many as one of the greatest films of the 1990s .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b34d5f595b394d5680f6eb83bd6eadf2", "text": "List of Sports Night characters Sports Night is an American comedy-drama which aired on ABC from September 1998 until May 2000 . The show goes behind the scenes at a fictional network sports round-up show , akin to ESPN show Sports Center , and the interactions on and off screen between the eccentric characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15cfdc058e59239f9fe83298f11b4d03", "text": "2005 in UFC The year 2005 is the 13th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2005 the UFC held 10 events beginning with , UFC 51 : Super Saturday . The reality TV series The Ultimate Fighter and the UFC Ultimate Fight Night both premiered on Spike TV . The Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale was the first ever live UFC broadcast on non-pay-per-view television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e165ae4ee41c131936050ba0bf68a497", "text": "Wrestling Reality Wrestling Reality was a documentary television series created by independent filmmaker Greg Hemmings , airing on The Fight Network . It followed the lives of a group of independent professional wrestlers in the Maritime provinces of Canada . The series consisted of a half-hour documentary portion , as well as an hour of televised matches and shoot interviews . A sneak peek of the premiere episode aired September 25 , 2007 , with the full series then airing in early November . The series tackled many behind-the-scenes issues in professional wrestling including drugs , steroids , and sex . The colour commentary and play-by-play was provided by 89.3 K-Rock announcer/Eastlink host Darrin Harvey . The show also airs in the United Kingdom on TWC Fight ! .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304aeb0dc7230afae9a80213e5f640e0", "text": "Club fighter A club fighter ( or clubfighter ) is a professional boxer who usually fights locally and has a mediocre record . Club fighters generally are not nationally recognized and have not won any fights that show the ability to win a championship . The term is often used as a pejorative for over-hyped fighters or for older boxers when they begin to decline . For example , Floyd Mayweather Jr. called Arturo Gatti `` a blown-up club fighter '' , even though Gatti was the WBC super lightweight champion at the time . A club fighter is less respected than a contender , who defeats journeymen and club fighters in order to establish himself as a challenger for a world title . A journeyman is slightly more respected than a club fighter -- often by way of having a superficially good record . Category : Boxing terminology Category : Pejorative terms for people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9be7db6d1970266494875fbb9af96f4", "text": "Game of Arms Game of Arms is an American television series that debut February 25 , 2014 , on AMC . The series is a reality television show about American competitive arm wrestlers . The series follows arm wrestling clubs in Erie , Pennsylvania ; Kansas City , Missouri ; New York City ; Sacramento , California , and Baton Rouge , Louisiana . Prior to its broadcast , the series was initially known as King of Arms . On September 11 , 2014 , AMC renewed the series for a second season . However it canceled the series a month later in mid-production as part of the network ending nearly all their reality series and refocusing completely on fictional dramas for their original series output .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8a3ab838c8a9c75f3aae9805f67b7a0", "text": "Food fight A food fight is a form of chaotic collective behavior , in which food is thrown at others in the manner of projectiles . These projectiles are not made to harm or damage others , but to simply ignite a fight filled with spontaneous food throwing . Food fights may be impromptu examples of rebellion or violence ; however , they can also be planned events . For example , La Tomatina is a regularly held , organized Spanish food fight in which participants pelt each other with tomatoes . In organized food fights , the food `` weapons '' are usually all of one kind , or of a limited variety . An impromptu food fight will use whatever food is on hand . Food fights are a common element in slapstick comedy , with the pie in the face gag being especially prominent . Food fights are frequently featured in children 's television and books , usually as an example of destructive or reckless behavior . One famous food fight scene in a movie took place in National Lampoon 's Animal House . Another took place in Hook . Though usually associated with juvenile settings such as schools , there are notable incidents that take place in more official locations , such as the food fight at a lunch meeting of the Legislative Yuan of Taiwan . In Europe , some food fights evolved into traditional celebrations rooted either in the recent past such as the Spanish La Tomatina or in long-gone centuries such as the -LSB- 2 = Battle of the Oranges , Battaglia delle arance -RSB- during the Carnival of Ivrea in Italy . The Jerry Springer Show is well known for using food fights in certain episodes that involve a guest wanting to confront their friend or relative on a holiday special or trying to stop a wedding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c6721d3b0f099c9c2e97d23e8f602fe", "text": "Bengal Bouts The Bengal Bouts is an annual charity boxing tournament hosted by the Men 's Boxing Club at the University of Notre Dame airing on ESPN , with proceeds benefiting the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh . Begun in 1920 by legendary football coach Knute Rockne to condition football players in the offseason , the tournament later expanded entry to any member of the student body . Under the guidance and direction of Dominic `` Nappy '' Napolitano , the charity aspect of the event flourished while following the Men 's Boxing Club mantra : `` Strong Bodies Fight , that Weak Bodies May Be Nourished . '' The training regimen requires novice boxers to receive instruction and conditioning in the fall , and returning fighters begin their mandatory workouts during an intensive 6-week period prior to the tournament . In current times , the Men 's Boxing Club membership has swelled to include over 230 students , ranging from first-year undergraduate students to graduate and law school students , with participants fighting across 12 weight classes . In 2010 , the Bengal Bouts helped generate a donation of $ 100,000 for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh . This surpassed the $ 1,000,000 donated throughout the program 's existence . Originally held in the Notre Dame Fieldhouse , the tournament is currently held in the Joyce Center ( JACC ) and airs on ESPN . In 2005 , a sister program , named the Baraka Bouts , was instituted for women and benefits missions in East Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e021673d2bdce72c2659615c041f94c3", "text": "Super Fight League Super Fight League Is a mixed martial arts promotion , based in India The organisation was formed in 2012 by actor Sanjay Dutt and British Indian businessman Raj Kundra . Super Fight League has produced close to 50 live televised events broadcast on Colors , Neo Prime , ESPN Star Sports and on YouTube live worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30f2ca15ef304279ce59b358d06edc56", "text": "Pilot (Friday Night Lights) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the sports drama television series Friday Night Lights . The episode premiered on the NBC network on October 3 , 2006 . It introduces the men and women involved with the Dillon Panthers , a Texas high school football team . In the pilot episode , the team is preparing for the first game of the season , which will be the first game under new head coach Eric Taylor . The show is based on the 2004 film Friday Night Lights , which was in turn based on the 1990 non-fiction book Friday Night Lights : A Town , a Team , and a Dream by H. G. Bissinger . Peter Berg , who is Bissinger 's cousin and who directed the film , wrote and directed the pilot episode , and served as executive producer for the series . While some of the actors from the movie returned to act on the show , most of the actors were cast specifically for the television series . Critical reception of the show was good to average , with a general appreciation for the realistic portrayal of Middle America . Generally speaking , however , there were serious doubts about whether the show would be able to stay on the air very long , though it has since gone on to complete five seasons . The episode 's viewership of just over seven million was characterized as disappointing , though it did relatively well among men aged 18 to 34 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ab59c637a7a45dcb3ab9791b9cc8b8f", "text": "Athletes and domestic violence Domestic violence is one of the most common crimes among male athletes.There is an ongoing struggle among sporting leagues , governments , and viewers to address the increasing number of domestic violence incidents committed by athletes . The NFL , National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) , National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , and the sport of Boxing employ and promote athletes who have committed domestic violence . Most prominent are instances of domestic violence that occur by members of the NFL , due largely to its immense popularity in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccff1bfd40b1190d3599cae1256b5e12", "text": "Fight Night (song) `` Fight Night '' is a song by American hip hop group Migos . It was released as a single on April 8 , 2014 by Quality Control Entertainment and 300 Entertainment . The song was included on their mixtape No Label 2 ( 2014 ) and was produced by Stack Boy Twan . It has since peaked at number 69 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart , making it the group 's third highest-charting single to date . A remix was made by fellow American rapper Tyga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d09f9d100ee95eaff2dd3cd48bb89594", "text": "World Fighting Alliance The World Fighting Alliance was a mixed martial arts organization based in the United States . Owned and organized by MMA legend and trainer John Lewis ( Promoter/Match Maker ) and nightclub operator and `` Club Rubber '' promoter John Huntington ( Producer ) along with Lawyer Louis Palazzo ( Investor ) , the WFA began promoting events after the Nevada State Athletic Commission began sanctioning mixed martial arts . The Las Vegas-based promotion , unlike its cross-town rival , the Ultimate Fighting Championship , featured a nightclub environment and a slogan of `` Where the fight club meets the Night Club '' . Sexy and flashy , its events featured several scantily-clad ring girls between rounds and go-go dancers between fights , and plenty of loud music , including guest performers like Ice-T . However , in an incident at Level 3 which seriously harmed the promotion 's reputation , credentialed photographers were ejected by venue security from their areas and were forced to move to where they could not take acceptable pictures . The inconvenience caused by the ejection was substantial , some writers at the event were forced to track down their photographers and leave their beat , while some offended editors decided to yank coverage of the event altogether . While the difficulties of the last event did not seem to deter the promotion and the promoters promised a Level 4 , Lewis and Huntington did not promote another WFA event since , and the promotion was assumed to be defunct . After a rise of interest in mixed martial arts in the United States in 2005 , the WFA reemerged with new ownership and began an aggressive program to establish itself as a new major mixed martial arts promotion . The owners , Ross Goodman and Louis Palazzo , both attorneys from Las Vegas , began by signing contracts with several of the biggest free agents on the market , including former UFC middleweight contender and Olympic silver medalist Matt Lindland , PRIDE middleweight contender Quinton Jackson , retired UFC and Pancrase champion Bas Rutten , former top-ranked Bantamweight fighter Urijah Faber , and former UFC Heavyweight Champion Ricco Rodriguez . In their recruitment efforts , they also came close to signing Tito Ortiz before he was enticed by an offer from the UFC . The fruits of their acquisitions culminated in WFA : King of the Streets on July 22 , 2006 , a pay-per-view broadcast event at the Forum in Inglewood , California . The card was headed by a main event of Quinton Jackson vs. Matt Lindland , Jackson 's first fight on American soil since becoming a headliner in PRIDE , and featured famed boxing broadcaster Barry Tompkins and wrestling star Bill Goldberg at the announce desk . Despite heavy expectations and an aggressive marketing campaign , including a pre-event special broadcast on Showtime , the event only attracted a crowd of over 5,000 , with only 2,300 tickets sold . Pay-per-view buys were also low , reportedly under 50,000 . Despite the disappointing numbers , and rumors of financial troubles , the WFA announced their next event , WFA : King of the Streets II at Aladdin Resort and Casino in Las Vegas , Nevada scheduled for December 9 , 2006 . However , the event was then postponed until early 2007 for undisclosed reasons . On November 15 , 2006 , the WFA 's CEO , Jeremy Lappen , sued the WFA and its owners for breach of contract , claiming he has not been paid since June 2006 , a few weeks before King of the Streets . Finally on December 11 , 2006 , Zuffa , the parent company of rival promotion UFC , announced it had acquired select assets of the WFA , including the contracts of WFA fighters . The WFA afterward ceased operations per the sale agreement . The WFA brand was revived in THQ 's video game UFC Undisputed 2010 , an update to their wildly popular multi-platform MMA video game UFC 2009 Undisputed . In the game 's career mode , which mimics that of an actual MMA fighter , players start off in the WFA and after a certain amount of success are invited to the UFC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d5a15b24621eedb38355d57e37185c7", "text": "The Ultimate Fighter: Team Lesnar vs. Team dos Santos The Ultimate Fighter : Team Lesnar vs. Team dos Santos is the thirteenth installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter . The UFC and Spike TV held open tryouts on November 4 , 2010 , in Las Vegas , Nevada . The casting call went out for Welterweight and Middleweight fighters , however , all fighters will be in the welterweight division . All fighters applying and trying out for the show must have at least three professional fights and be at least 21 years of age . Notables who turned up to the tryouts included Strikeforce veterans Karl Amoussou , Andre Galvao , and Zak Cummings , and former TUF contestants Frank Lester and Jeremiah Riggs . It was confirmed during the Fight For The Troops 2 conference call that Brock Lesnar and Junior dos Santos would be the coaches for this season . This season did not feature an elimination round like the two seasons before it , however , the `` wild card '' selections introduced in season 11 were still featured . The initial cast was 14 fighters rather than the usual 16 , 28 or 32 in recent seasons . On May 12 , 2011 , midway through the airing of the season , Dana White announced that Brock Lesnar pulled out of the coaches ' fight due to the return of diverticulitis , forcing Lesnar to withdraw from the bout .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59ee37b93426b8d47dd88c6a6e430dbc", "text": "Battle Athletes is a Japanese series produced by the AIC studio and released as an original video animation ( OVA ) and a manga by Yūki Nakano , and later aired as an anime television series on TV Tokyo in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a008be36a9ed3b247adef7fdc4d82297", "text": "World Combat Games The World Combat Games are an international multi-sport event featuring combat sports and martial arts . Fifteen Olympic and non-Olympic sports are currently on the programme : aikido , boxing , fencing , judo , ju-jitsu , karate , kendo , kickboxing , Muay Thai , sambo , savate , sumo , taekwondo , wrestling and wushu . The World Combat Games were initiated by SportAccord , the umbrella organisation for international sports federations and organizers of sports events , in order to bring these sports closer to a worldwide public . The World Combat Games are accompanied by a cultural program that reflects the ancient traditions and values of martial arts as well as their contribution to modern society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12915c7525b7ddce3a488696675d23cd", "text": "1994 United States broadcast TV realignment The 1994 United States broadcast television realignment consisted of a series of events , primarily involving affiliation switches between television stations , that resulted from a multimillion-dollar deal between the Fox Broadcasting Company ( commonly known as simply Fox ) and New World Communications , a media company that -- through its then-recently formed broadcasting division -- owned several VHF television stations affiliated with major broadcast television networks , primarily CBS . The major impetus for the changes was to allow Fox to improve its local affiliate coverage , in preparation for the commencement of its rights to the National Football Conference ( NFC ) television package , which the National Football League ( NFL ) awarded to the fledgling network in December 1993 . As a result of various other deals that followed as a result of the affiliation switches created by the deal between Fox and New World , most notably the buyout of CBS by Westinghouse , the switches constituted some of the most sweeping changes in American television history . As a result of this realignment , Fox ascended to the status of a major television network , comparable in influence to the Big Three television networks ( CBS , NBC and ABC ) . Nearly 70 stations in 30 media markets throughout the United States changed affiliations starting in September 1994 and continuing through September 1996 ( although an additional affiliation switch would occur in February 1997 , through the launch of an upstart station that gained its network partner through one of the ancillary deals ) , which -- along with the concurrent January 1995 launches of The WB Television Network ( a joint venture between Time Warner , the Tribune Company and the network 's founding chief executive officer , Jamie Kellner ) and the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) ( founded by Chris-Craft/United Television , through a programming partnership with Paramount Television ) , both of which affiliated with certain stations that lost their previous network partners through the various affiliation agreements -- marked some of the most expansive changes ever to have occurred in American television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed5d5f7382437bb5ff83792c427acd56", "text": "Art Davie Art Davie is a business executive and entrepreneur formerly active in Southern California advertising circles . In 1993 , he created and co-produced the tournament which became the televised Ultimate Fighting Championship . In 1998 , Davie , as vice-president of K-1 USA , brought the successful K-1 kickboxing franchise from Japan to Las Vegas and North American pay-per-view television . In 2003 , Davie was an executive producer with Mandalay Sports Entertainment . In 2006 , he became vice-president of television at Paradigm Entertainment Group . In 2014 , Ascend Books published Davie 's book , Is This Legal ? : The Inside Story of the First UFC from the Man Who Created It . Sean Wheelock assisted in the book 's research and writing . In November 2014 , Davie was inducted into the Legends of MMA Hall of Fame , alongside Big John McCarthy , Pat Miletich , Fedor Emelianenko , and Rickson Gracie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c67576118df9bb1370e0ea97b125da7", "text": "Ring of Honor Ring of Honor ( ROH ) is an American professional wrestling promotion , founded in 2002 by RF Video owner Rob Feinstein . From 2004 to 2011 , the promotion was under the ownership of Cary Silkin before being sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group ( SBG ) , an American telecommunications company that operates the largest number of local television stations in the United States . ROH holds TV tapings , pay-per-view events , live events , and Internet pay-per-view events throughout the United States and Canada . It has also held shows in the United Kingdom and Japan . Annual shows include the Anniversary Show , Supercard of Honor ( held annually during WrestleMania weekend ) , Best in the World , Global Wars , Death Before Dishonor , Glory By Honor , and Final Battle ( the last show of the calendar year and ROH 's marquee event ) . ROH records all of its shows and sells them on DVD through mail order via its online store , and the DVDs have developed a fanbase for the promotion in the United States and beyond . In 2009 , ROH signed a television deal with HDNet , which aired shows every week until 2011 . As of September 2011 , ROH 's flagship broadcast Ring of Honor Wrestling has been syndicated by parent company Sinclair Broadcasting , and airs on Sinclair owned stations across the country . ROH is also broadcast on Samurai TV in Japan , and is the third-largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States , behind WWE and after Impact Wrestling . On June 22 , 2014 , ROH had its first live pay-per-view broadcast , Best in the World , from Nashville , Tennessee . It was followed-up on December 7 with their biggest show of the year Final Battle , from Terminal 5 in New York City . Their next pay-per-view aired March 1 , 2015 , which was their 13th Anniversary Show , from Las Vegas , Nevada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f72d5d57abc102bb2fe31c32faba2eb", "text": "Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" } ]	fever
df82b4641a0a310321105a4e595c360a	Kiiara is a cat.	[ { "docid": "3e8110ee9df9ee32952c852b980382fa", "text": "Kiiara Kiara Saulters ( born May 24 , 1995 ) , known professionally as Kiiara , is an American singer and songwriter from Wilmington , Illinois . She is currently signed to Atlantic Records . Her music is described as downcast electronic pop with bass-heavy , trap-style rap production .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b6118eb329a4c18673bceccd926a5e4f", "text": "Into the Wild (novel) Into the Wild is a children 's fantasy novel written by Erin Hunter after concepts and outlines created and developed by Victoria Holmes . The novel was published by HarperCollins in Canada and the United States in January 2003 , and in the United Kingdom in February 2003 . It is the first novel in the Warriors series . The book has been published in paperback , and e-book formats in twenty different languages . The story is about a young domestic cat named Rusty who leaves his human owners to join a group of forest-dwelling feral cats called ThunderClan , adopting a new name : Firepaw . He is trained to defend and hunt for the Clan , becomes embroiled in a murder and betrayal within the Clan , and , at the end of the book , receives his warrior name , Fireheart , after a battle with another Clan . The novel is written from the perspective of Fireheart ( previously known as Rusty for a short time , then , for most of the book , Firepaw ) . The series began in 2003 when HarperCollins requested Holmes to write a book on feral cats . After creating one storyline Holmes brought in Kate Cary to finish writing the book as Holmes went behind the scenes to edit and supervise the details . Holmes has compared the style of the book to a different language as the books are written by three separate authors . She feels that Erin Hunter must have a consistent voice the entire series . The story uses a lexicon with words such as `` twoleg '' substituted for `` human '' or `` new-leaf '' for `` spring '' . The style has been compared to the Harry Potter series , J.R.R. Tolkien and Brian Jacques . Themes include family , loyalty , death , courage , and survival . Into the Wild was critically well received . Booklist believed the book would appeal to followers of Brian Jacques ' Redwall series . Among other awards , it claimed third place in the 2006 Young Reader 's Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64156b037c0fcea434dc06ec84db14e5", "text": "Kellas cat The Kellas cat is a small black feline found in Scotland . Once thought to be a mythological wild cat , with its few sightings dismissed as hoaxes , a specimen was killed by being caught in a snare in 1984 by a gamekeeper named Ronnie Douglas and found to be a hybrid between wild and domestic sub-species of Felis silvestris . It is not a formal breed of cat , but a landrace of felid hybrids . It is named after the village of Kellas , Moray , where it was first found . The historian Charles Thomas speculates that the Pictish stone at Golspie may depict a Kellas . The Golspie stone , now held at the Dunrobin Castle Museum , shows a cat-like creature standing on top of a salmon which may allude to the characteristics ascribed to a Kellas of catching fish while river swimming . Andrew Kitchener , researcher and Natural Sciences curator at the National Museum of Scotland , examined eight specimens of black felines . One carcass was already in the Museum 's collection ; the remaining seven were supplied by Di Francis , who is described by Thomas as a `` writer , researcher and practical naturalist '' . Kitchener 's analysis identified one of the animals as a melanistic wild cat ; this juvenile male was the first wild cat ever documented as melanistic in Scotland . Most of the other specimens examined were concluded to be hybrids but more closely aligned to the wild cat ; only one hybrid leaned more towards a domestic cat . The Kellas cat is described as being 24 to long , with powerful and long hind legs and a tail that can grow to be around 12 in long ; its weight can range from 5 to . Douglas had measured the animal snared in 1984 and he stated it was 15 in to shoulder height and 43 in in length . A specimen is kept in a museum in Elgin . The Zoology Museum of the University of Aberdeen also hold a mounted specimen that was found during 2002 in the Insch area of Aberdeenshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bdfbfc0659c0db620070d65b79d211a", "text": "Cat agility Cat agility is a sport in which trained cats are lured through timed obstacle courses by their handlers . Cat agility contests , like similarly themed dog agility contests , are modeled after the equestrian sport of show jumping . Under the rules , cats must complete a course in under 270 seconds , completing each obstacle in a prescribed manner . Lures such as laser pointers and toys on string may be used , but food treats are not allowed . The obstacles are arranged in a circle and include tunnels , steps , and poles . For a typical contest there are between six and fourteen obstacles , and the winning cats complete the course in about ten seconds . The first known cat agility contest was held in Albuquerque , New Mexico by Vickie Shields and three friends in 2003 . By the late 2000s , the contests were popular worldwide , with approximately 40 held each year in connection with cat shows . In the US , the two largest cat fancy organizations , The Cat Fanciers Association ( CFA ) , and The International Cat Association ( TICA ) both have feline agility competitions , which have met with mixed success and popularity . CFA awarded its first National Agility Win in the 2006-07 season , with the top cat in Agility competition being Zehnder 's Twyla Mooner of Hitails , a blue Abyssinian female . Twyla was born in 2005 and competed in -- and won -- her first agility competition as a five-month-old kitten , without ever having any prior training , or practice in , running an obstacle course .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5cc0e2448b3fa2f66a91d0c39005a67", "text": "Ring-tailed lemur The ring-tailed lemur ( Lemur catta ) is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long , black and white ringed tail . It belongs to Lemuridae , one of five lemur families , and is the only member of the Lemur genus . Like all lemurs it is endemic to the island of Madagascar . Known locally in Malagasy as maky ( -LSB- makʲ -RSB- , spelled maki in French ) or hira , it inhabits gallery forests to spiny scrub in the southern regions of the island . It is omnivorous and the most terrestrial of extant lemurs . The animal is diurnal , being active exclusively in daylight hours . The ring-tailed lemur is highly social , living in groups of up to 30 individuals . It is also female dominant , a trait common among lemurs . To keep warm and reaffirm social bonds , groups will huddle together . The ring-tailed lemur will also sunbathe , sitting upright facing its underside , with its thinner white fur towards the sun . Like other lemurs , this species relies strongly on its sense of smell and marks its territory with scent glands . The males perform a unique scent marking behavior called spur marking and will participate in stink fights by impregnating their tail with their scent and wafting it at opponents . As one of the most vocal primates , the ring-tailed lemur uses numerous vocalizations including group cohesion and alarm calls . Experiments have shown that the ring-tailed lemur , despite the lack of a large brain ( relative to simiiform primates ) , can organize sequences , understand basic arithmetic operations and preferentially select tools based on functional qualities . Despite reproducing readily in captivity and being the most populous lemur in zoos worldwide , numbering more than 2,000 individuals , the ring-tailed lemur is listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List due to habitat destruction and hunting for bush meat and the exotic pet trade . At present ( as of early 2017 ) , the population in the wild is believed to have crashed as low as 2,000 individuals due to habitat loss , poaching and hunting , making them far more critically endangered .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d82bd960033b6a5d5059b9363f6a979", "text": "Te Matua Ngahere Te Matua Ngahere is a giant kauri ( Agathis australis ) coniferous tree in the Waipoua Forest of Northland Region , New Zealand . The tree 's Maori name means `` Father of the Forest '' . Although not as massive or tall as its neighbour Tāne Mahuta , Te Matua Ngahere is stouter , with a girth just over 16 m . It is believed to be the second largest living kauri tree , and to have the biggest girth of any kauri in the country . According to The New Zealand Herald , it has the biggest girth of any tree in New Zealand . As there is no means of measuring the tree 's age , it is variously estimated to be between 1200 and 2000 years old ; or between 2000 and 3000 years old ; or even 4000 years old . One resource , published by National Geographic Books , claims that Te Matua Ngahere may be the oldest tree in New Zealand , while another suggests that it 's the oldest rainforest tree on earth . Claimed to be revered by the Māori , Te Matua Ngahere is said to be under their special protection . The tree , a remnant of the ancient rain forest that once grew on the North Auckland Peninsula , has a relationship with other flora , such as orchids , clubmoss , and a rata tree that grew on it . Unfortunately , the Te Matua Ngahere suffered severe damage in July 2007 , due to extreme winter storms in Northland when the rata which was growing on top of Te Matua Ngahere , was felled by strong storm winds , and took with it the central leader of Te Matua Ngahere plus several of its branches , thus shortening its life by hundreds of years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff5510a5a6d4f310e6a1665be1516033", "text": "Kora (pilgrimage) __ NOTOC __ Kora ( , THL : kor ra ) is a transliteration of a Tibetan word that means `` circumambulation '' or `` revolution '' . Kora is both a type of pilgrimage and a type of meditative practice in the Tibetan Buddhist or Bon traditions . A Kora is performed by the practitioner making a circumambulation a in a clockwise fashion round a sacred site or object , typically as a constituent part of a pilgrimage , ceremony , celebration or ritual . However , in broader terms , it is a term that is often used to refer to the entire pilgrimage experience in the Tibetan regions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e9402de833a364039c1f6ab949585e0", "text": "Jungle cat The jungle cat ( Felis chaus ) , also called the reed cat or swamp cat , is a medium-sized cat native to the Middle East , South and Southeast Asia and southern China . It is a member of the genus Felis and was first described by Johann Anton Güldenstädt in 1776 . Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber gave the jungle cat its present binomial name and is therefore generally considered as binomial authority . Ten subspecies are recognised at present . The jungle cat is a large , long-legged cat ; it stands nearly 36 cm at shoulder and weighs 2 -- . Its sandy , reddish-brown or grey coat is uniformly coloured and without spots ; melanistic and albino individuals are also known . Moults occur biannually . Typically diurnal , the jungle cat hunts throughout the day . Solitary in nature , jungle cats do not interact appreciably except in the mating season . The only prominent interaction is the mother-kitten bond . Territories are maintained by urine spraying and scent marking . The cat is primarily a carnivore , and prefers small mammals ( gerbils , hares and rodents ) and birds . It hunts by stalking its prey , followed by a sprint or a leap ; the sharp ears help in pinpointing the location of prey . Both sexes become sexually mature by the time they are a year old ; females enter oestrus from January to March . Mating behaviour is similar to that in the domestic cat : the male pursues the female in oestrus , seizes her by the nape of her neck and mounts her . Gestation lasts nearly two months . Births take place between December and June , though this might vary geographically . Kittens begin to catch their own prey at around six months and leave the mother after eight or nine months . The jungle cat is a habitat generalist ; it inhabits places with adequate water and dense vegetation , such as swamps , wetlands and riparian areas . Despite its name , the jungle cat shuns rainforests and woodlands . The jungle cat is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and is mainly threatened by destruction of wetlands , trapping and poisoning . The status of the cat in the wild needs further study , though populations are thought to be declining .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2176b9c1af06dc1b425b5b8efbb053f0", "text": "The Kiesha'ra Series The Kiesha ` ra Series is a set of five fantasy novels written by the young adult author , Amelia Atwater-Rhodes , which focus on several races of shapeshifters , including the avians ( bird people ) , the serpiente ( snake people ) , and the shm ` Ahnmik ( falcon people ) . The series title , which is in a language from the series called ha'Shmla , translates as `` Children of Kiesha . '' Kiesha is the first cobra serpiente , from whom the royal line of the Cobriana descends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "857b83f61b5a71713b381c327afb78bc", "text": "List of Cat's Eye episodes is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tsukasa Hojo . It was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1981 to 1985 , and collected into 18 tankōbon by Shueisha . The story follows the adventures of the three Kisugi sisters , Hitomi , Rui and Ai , who are art thieves trying to collect all the works belonging to their missing father . Cat 's Eye was adapted into an anime series by Tokyo Movie Shinsha and directed by Yoshio Takeuchi . Thirty-Six episodes were broadcast between July 11 , 1983 until March 26 , 1984 . The opening theme Cat 's Eye by Anri . Dancing with the Sunshine was the ending theme . For episodes 1-12 it was performed by Anril . For episodes 13-36 it was performed by Cathi Linn . A Second series was later produced that ran for Thirty-Seven episodes from October 8 , 1984 until July 8 , 1985 . The opening theme was Derringer by Mariko Tone and the ending theme was Hot Stuff by Sherry Savage . For the 30th anniversary of the anime , the series was released in Japan on Blu-Ray format from a new transfer . Two boxsets , one for each series were published by King Records on March 13 , 2013 . The boxset for the second series came with a DVD-ROM of animation artwork . On April 16 , 2007 , ImaginAsian announced that they would broadcast the first season of Cat 's Eye on ImaginAsian TV , and would thereafter give the series its first North American home video release , which happened in September 2007 . The show began broadcasting in June of that year , with the first DVD released later that September . As of August 2008 , it is currently unavailable . However , ImaginAsian still held the license and was working to someday re-release the series . At Anime Expo 2013 , Right Stuf Inc. announced that they had licensed the series and will be release it on DVD under their Nozomi label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fa4380929246cecb64cf9a9f8b0cd3c", "text": "Tjilpa Tjilpa is the name given to a marsupial cat amongst the Northern Aranda language group of Australian Aboriginal people . There are many dreamtime stories of tribes of ancestral Tjilpa-men , who had a significant mythological role . The geographical range of these stories includes Aranda , Unmatjera , Kaititja , Ngalia , Ilpara and Kukatja lands . Category : Australian Aboriginal mythology Category : Arrernte", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e015aea4c3356787130ad7fb93f0b9", "text": "Tonkinese cat Tonkinese are a domestic cat breed produced by crossbreeding between the Siamese and Burmese . They share many of their parents ' distinctively lively , playful personality traits and are similarly distinguished by a pointed coat pattern in a variety of colors . In addition to the modified coat colors of the `` mink '' pattern , which is a dilution of the point color ( as in watercolors ) , the breed is now being shown in the foundation-like Siamese and Burmese colors : pointed with white and Solid overall ( sepia . ) They are also now designated a natural breed , as their history has now determined them to have been extant since the 14th Century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afa3ece3f5c9ae4c1039c9941bc36308", "text": "The Cat (2011 film) The Cat ( ; lit . `` The Cat : Eyes that See Death '' ) is a 2011 South Korean horror film directed by Byun Seung-wook . The film is about So-yeon ( Park Min-young ) , who works at a small pet-grooming shop called Kitty N Puppy . So-yeon suffers from claustrophobia and starts having apparitions of a ghostly young girl with cat-like eyes ( Kim Ye-ron ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19fd89937e591725f2c3996eec4c6114", "text": "Cat Power Charlyn Marie `` Chan '' Marshall -LSB- ʃɑːrlɪn_məri_ʃɒn_mɑːrʃəl -RSB- ( born January 21 , 1972 ) , better known by her stage name Cat Power , is an American singer-songwriter , musician , occasional actress , and model . Cat Power was originally the name of Marshall 's first band , but has become her moniker as a solo artist . Marshall was discovered opening for Liz Phair in 1994 by Steve Shelley of Sonic Youth and Tim Foljahn of Two Dollar Guitar , with whom she recorded her first two albums , Dear Sir ( 1995 ) and Myra Lee ( 1996 ) , on the same day in 1994 . In 1996 she signed with Matador Records , and released a third album of new material with Shelley and Foljahn , What Would the Community Think . Following this she released the critically acclaimed Moon Pix ( 1998 ) , recorded with members of Dirty Three , and The Covers Record ( 2000 ) , a collection of sparsely recorded cover songs . After a brief hiatus she reemerged in 2003 with You Are Free , featuring guest musicians Dave Grohl and Eddie Vedder , followed by the soul-influenced The Greatest ( 2006 ) , recorded with numerous Memphis studio musicians , and a second covers album , Jukebox ( 2008 ) . In 2012 she released the self-produced Sun , which opened at number 10 on the Billboard 200 , the highest charting album of her career to date . Critics have noted the constant evolution of Cat Power 's sound , with a `` mix of punk , folk and blues '' on her earliest albums , and elements of soul and other genres more prevalent in her later material . Her 2012 album Sun incorporated electronica , in a self-proclaimed move from the `` really slow guitar songs '' she initially wrote for the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "798279cdc21d0b7ff3d39d251ab23bc9", "text": "Cat Bauer Catherine `` Cat '' Bauer ( born July 27 , 1955 in Greenville , South Carolina ) is the award-winning author of contemporary novels featuring the young protagonist , Harley Columba , and is known for her unique and honest voice . Publishers Weekly said , `` Bauer creates a witty and resilient narrator in ... Harley Columba ... Readers will be rooting for this sympathetic heroine . '' In the Thomson Gale biography , the authors noted that : `` Readers and reviewers often found the strength of Bauer 's novel in the authentic voice of its heroine , Harley . Patricia Morrow , for example , in Voice of Youth Advocates ( VOYA ) , remarked that ` Harley 's voice is true to the experience of many young people , ' and that ` Although the outcomes are not unexpected , they do not follow any formulas . ' '' Bauer is the oldest of five children . She was born on an Air Force Base where her father was stationed in Greenville , South Carolina . According to family lore , she was struck by ball lightning while sleeping in her bassinet during a thunderstorm . She spent the first five years of her life in Kearney , New Jersey in the same three-family house as her paternal grandparents , and her summers at the Bauer family property on Bodin Lake in Upstate New York . Her grandfather was the foreman of Kearfott , where her father was also an engineer . When she was nearly five years old , her grandparents relocated to Montreat , North Carolina , while her immediate family moved to Pompton Lakes , New Jersey , a small , suburban town in North Jersey which Bauer has fictionalized in her novels as `` Lenape Lakes '' -- `` only forty-five minutes outside of New York City , if there 's no traffic , although it may as well be four zillion light-years away since no one from here ever goes there . '' Bauer learned to read and use the slide rule before she went to kindergarten , and began writing books at the age of six . She showed musical ability at a young age , and played the clarinet , piano , violin and guitar , and was also active in the theater . Bauer graduated with honors from Pompton Lakes High School in 1973 . After a brief marriage to her high school sweetheart , she moved to the West Village in New York City , and studied acting with Stella Adler and the National Shakespeare Conservatory . She later moved to Los Angeles , California to pursue an acting career , and was active in the LA theater scene as both an actress and a playwright , co-authoring and performing in the cult hit , `` Peacocks . '' She was a close friend and student of the late Don Richardson , whose former students also included Grace Kelly and Anne Bancroft . Bauer assisted Mr. Richardson with his book `` Acting Without Agony , '' and it was in his workshop that she met her future husband , television director , James Quinn , noted for one-hour episode shows such as Law & Order . During this period , Bauer lived in the hills of Los Feliz . In July , 1993 , Sassy published her first short story , Run Away , which was the inspiration for her first novel , Harley , Like a Person . Under the working title of `` Zee , '' that effort was the recipient of the very first Sue Alexander Most Promising New Work Award given by the Society of Children 's Book Writers and Illustrators ( SCBWI ) . Selected from manuscripts submitted for individual critique at the SCBWI Annual Conference in Los Angeles , the award is given to the manuscript deemed most promising for publication . Another in the list of `` firsts , '' Bauer 's winning entry was critiqued by Walter Dean Myers , the first-ever Michael L. Printz Award winner , a prize which recognizes excellence in young adult literature . Bauer later changed the title of her first novel to Harley , Like a Person , which was originally published in 2000 by Winslow Press , a boutique publisher that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2002 . John Lennon 's life and work were major influences on Bauer , and her novels are peppered with references to the former Beatle . For example , Harley Columba was born on the anniversary of John Lennon 's death , December 8 , while her parents were attending a memorial concert in his honor . In 2004 , Holly Bolstad of White Bear Lake , Minnesota , won her state Level I Letters About Literature competition , a national reading-writing contest sponsored by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress , together with Target Stores , by writing to Cat Bauer about how Harley , Like a Person had affected her life . To enter , readers write a personal letter to an author , living or dead , from any genre -- fiction or nonfiction , contemporary or classic , explaining how that author 's work changed the student 's way of thinking about the world or themselves . In April 1998 , Bauer moved to Venice , Italy , where she lives today on the Grand Canal . She is presently divorced . Bauer was also a regular contributor to International Herald Tribune 's Italian supplement , Italy Daily , writing about the art , culture and architecture of Venice . Her popular blog , Venetian Cat - Venice Blog has been featured in the Financial Times Arts & Weekend Magazine . On May 27 , 2004 the Honorable Prudence Carter Beatty signed an Order reverting all rights to Harley , Like a Person to Bauer . That book was republished in a slightly different form in 2007 by Alfred A. Knopf , a division of Random House , Inc. , New York , together with a companion novel entitled , Harley 's Ninth , which takes place all on one day , October 9 , John Lennon 's birthday . AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS for HARLEY , LIKE A PERSON Booklist Top Ten Youth First Novel American Library Association Best Books for Young Adults Two-time Winner American Library Association YALSA Popular Paperback for Young Adults American Library Association YALSA Quick Pick New York Public Library Book for the Teen Age Bookreporter Top Ten Teen First Novel Book of the Year - First Place YA Fiction - ForeWord Magazine Oregon Young Adult Network Book Rave BookSense 76 Pick teenreads.com Top 10 Teen Book Teen People Book Club Selection CosmoGirl Book Club Selection Selected Adoption-Related Book No . American Council on Adoptable Children Awareness Guide Winner - SCBWI Sue Alexander Most Promising New Work Award Novels Harley , Like a Person Harley 's Ninth Collections Sixteen - Stories About that Sweet and Bitter Birthday , edited by Megan McCafferty Lines in the Sand , New Writing on War and Peace Time Out Venice : Verona , Treviso and the Veneto Time Out Guides", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdf6f9af811d2938e5e29c2553438b58", "text": "Domestic Shorthair Domestic Shorthair may refer to : Domestic short-haired cat , the most common type of non-purebred house cat ; `` Domestic Shorthair '' is a cat show competition category name for this landrace , as used by some but not all fancier organizations which permit them American Shorthair , a formal cat breed ; `` Domestic Shorthair '' was its original name in some US-based fancier organizations", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f48bead25728158fbeb51b946393031", "text": "When the Cat's Away When the Cat 's Away may refer to : When the Cat 's Away ( 1929 film ) , a Mickey Mouse short cartoon When the Cat 's Away ( 1996 film ) , a French drama directed by Cédric Klapisch When the Cat 's Away ( band ) , a New Zealand female vocal group . When the Cat 's Away ( album ) , a live album from When the Cat 's Away ( band ) ( 1987 ) `` When the Cat 's Away '' ( The Brothers Garcia ) , an episode of The Brothers Garcia `` When the Cat 's Away '' ( Desmond 's ) , an episode of Desmond 's `` When the Cat 's Away '' ( Romeo ! ) , an episode of Romeo ! When the Cat 's Away , an unproduced screenplay co-written by Cara Buono", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57d311e8871232d2f68a4a5c1cecc9bb", "text": "Cria A cria ( pronounced -LSB- / kriː.ə / -RSB- ) also known as alpaclettes is the name for a baby camelid such as a llama , alpaca , vicuña , or guanaco . It comes from the Spanish word cría , meaning `` baby '' . Its false cognate in English , crya ( pronounced -LSB- / kraɪ.ə / -RSB- ) , was coined by British sailors who explored Chile in the 18th century and were quick to describe the camelids onomatopoeically according to the mwa sound they made , which was not unlike that of a human crying baby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08d9cb12a58050566bbfbe6ceaa13680", "text": "Kingdom of Cat Cait or Cat was a Pictish kingdom ( 25 -- 871 AD ) during the Early Middle Ages . It was centred in what is now Caithness in northern Scotland . It was , according to Pictish legend , founded by Caitt ( or Cat ) , one of the seven sons of the ancestor figure Cruithne . For a period of time Cait was the largest of the northern Pictish kingdoms , but its power waned over time . After the death of its last king , Taran mac Ainftech , in 697 , it was absorbed into the broader Pictish kingdom . The name is preserved in the modern placename Caithness , which occupies approximately the same location as the ancient kingdom . The name is also preserved in the Gaelic name for Sutherland ( Cataibh ) , in several specific names within that county and in the earliest recorded name for Shetland ( Inse Catt , meaning `` islands of the Cat people '' ) . Watson ( 2005 ) compares this usage with the early Irish Innse Orc ( islands of the boars ) for Orkney and concludes that these are tribal names based on animals . Legends of Clan Chattan ( pronounced cattan ) suggest that Madoc ( a Dalriadic Pict of Royal line ) the father of St Chattan , had retreated to Dál Riata after losing Cat to the Norse . Thus Clan Chattan or Caitt-an is recognised by the Lord of the Isles as being of Pictish descent when he ratifies the Clan Chattan document ( lost 1666 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53ccc0875a5d2443fa8735b295678186", "text": "Cat Soup is a 2001 Japanese short experimental anime film directed by Tatsuo Satō , inspired by the work of manga artist Nekojiru . The surreal film follows Nyatta , an anthropomorphic kitten , on his travel to the land of the dead and back in an effort to save his sister 's soul . Cat Soup was released direct-to-DVD in Japan on 21 February 2001 . Central Park Media licensed the film in North America under its Software Sculptors label and was released on DVD on September 9 , 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "691fe317a62c8e2fba6099e02cb2b7f2", "text": "Ragdoll The Ragdoll is a cat breed with blue eyes and a distinct colorpoint coat . It is a large and muscular semi-longhair cat with a soft and silky coat . Like all long haired cats , Ragdolls need grooming to ensure their fur does not mat . Developed by American breeder Ann Baker in the 1960s , it is best known for its docile and placid temperament and affectionate nature . The name `` Ragdoll '' is derived from the tendency of individuals from the original breeding stock to go limp and relaxed when picked up . Particularly popular in both the United Kingdom and the breed 's native United States , ragdoll cats often are known as `` dog-like cats '' or `` puppy-like cats '' due to behaviors such as their tendency to follow people around , their ease at being physically handled , and their relative lack of aggression toward other pets .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f000a19917da6953f22c735d6c97216b	Snowpiercer is a movie that received positive feedback from critics.	[ { "docid": "d2a81c98d459a3eab9650e484b34fffb", "text": "Snowpiercer Snowpiercer ( hangul : 설국열차 ; hanja : 雪國列車 ; RR : Seolgungnyeolcha ) is a 2013 English-language South Korean-Czech science fiction thriller film based on the French graphic novel Le Transperceneige by Jacques Lob , Benjamin Legrand and Jean-Marc Rochette . The film is directed by Bong Joon-ho , and written by Bong and Kelly Masterson . The film marks Bong 's English-language debut ; approximately 80 % of the film was shot in English . The film stars Chris Evans , Song Kang-ho , Tilda Swinton , Jamie Bell , Octavia Spencer , Go Ah-sung , John Hurt , and Ed Harris . The movie takes place aboard the globe-spanning Snowpiercer train which holds the last remnants of humanity after an attempt at climate engineering in order to stop global warming has unintentionally created a new ice age . Evans stars as Curtis Everett , a member of the lower-class tail section passengers as they lead a revolution against the elite of the front of the train . Filming was done on train car sets mounted on gimbals at Barrandov Studios in Prague to simulate the motion of the train . Snowpiercer was well received by critics , and appeared on many film critics ' top ten film lists of 2014 following its international release . Praise was primarily directed towards its vision , direction , and performances , particularly Evans 's and Swinton 's . Initially planned for a limited-screen showing in the United States , the critical response to the film prompted The Weinstein Company to expand the showing to more theaters and through digital streaming services . Produced at a budget of $ 40 million , it remains as the most expensive Korean production ever .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e78701a46db1d8bca6488ca193abaa7c", "text": "Pokémon Apokélypse Pokémon Apokélypse is a 2010 fan-made short film directed by Kial Natale and produced by Dylan Innes and Lee Majdoub . Based on the Pokémon franchise , the storyline takes place several years after the events of the original anime series . Intended as a fan-response to `` the common trend of ` dark and gritty ' reboots of popular franchises '' , the film was meant to give a mature spin on Pokémon and be in the same vein as work seen on parody website CollegeHumor . The creators initially intended to reveal the film at the Vancouver Anime Evolution convention , it was not shown due to technical difficulties . Instead on September 14 , 2010 , it revealed online via a teaser segment distributed through emails sent to various media outlets , which presented itself as a recording of a `` secret movie trailer screening '' for a film in development . The full film followed shortly thereafter , posted online on September 20 . The result of almost two years of work , the film follows Ash Ketchum and his friends years after the events of the original anime series , and their struggle against criminal organization Rocket Industries . Deciding on using the subject of Pokémon after considering several possibilities such as Grand Theft Auto and Dragon Ball Z , the producers were surprised by fan reaction to the material . Despite praises for the content , they have stated they have no intention to produce a full-fledged film . The initial `` leaked '' preview was met with skepticism and criticism , with Crave Online in particular recalling the trend of past video game-inspired films being of poor quality . Kotaku and Topless Robot in particular noting that the preview did it a disservice by hiding the charm of the completed project , which by comparison was met with very positive reception . GamesRadar called it `` amazing '' , and stated that the content was `` good enough for grown ups '' ; in a further discussion , they added they were impressed by the quality of the work , and how it addressed the similarity between the games and dog fighting . Other sources such as The Escapist and Game Informer also heavily praised the production , with the former lamenting that such a concept would never officially appear from Nintendo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "800b4b01e202bb19cf991cb95f735a08", "text": "Everything's Cool (film) Everything 's Cool is a 2007 documentary film that examines the divide between scientists and the general populace on the topic of global warming . Director Dan Gold said of the motivation for the film that `` I 'm optimistic that finally the message that this is real , that human beings are the cause of the most recent warming trend , and that it 's an important issue , that message is actually reaching America . On the other hand ... if that message was fully understood , we would be moving a lot faster to slow this down and to reverse this course . '' The documentary was shown at the Sundance film festival in January 2007 and at the San Francisco International Film Festival in May 2007 . The directors also took Blue Vinyl , a film about plastic pollution , to Sundance in 2002 . It was shown on CBC in Canada as part of the Passionate Eye series . The New York Times called it `` a breezy polemic about the politics of global warming ... -LSB- that -RSB- adopts a cheerful comic tone to avoid scaring audiences . '' The LA Times said that `` With wit and passion , Gold and Helfand marshal a plethora of data and developments yet never lose their narrative thread . '' . The New York Sun was less favourable , calling it `` the best movie I 've ever seen about global warming for kids in junior high school , but it 's the most annoying movie about global warming I 've ever seen for adults . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "191ef0077c7883f2dd598fb550444edd", "text": "The Cobbler (2014 film) The Cobbler is a 2014 American magic realism comedy-drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and co-written by McCarthy with Paul Sado . The film stars Adam Sandler , Dan Stevens , Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi . It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 , by Image Entertainment . The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541e93ded0a4f790f943320e06e5782", "text": "Matchstick Productions Matchstick Productions , also known as MSP Films , is a film production company based in Crested Butte , Colorado that specializes in producing ski movies . Steve Winter and Murray Wais founded the company in 1992 . According to MSP 's website , `` Matchstick aims to create entertaining films that not only are stunning visually but on the cutting edge of action sports . '' MSP has released a feature-length ski movie every year since 1992 with several gaining critical acclaim : their breakthrough film `` Ski Movie '' , featuring many of the world 's best skiers at the time , was released in 2000 and won `` Movie of the Year '' from both Powder Magazine and Freeze Magazine . MSP is the most award-winning ski film company in history , with eight `` Movie of the Year '' honors and `` Best Documentary '' prize at the Powder Video Awards , three Emmy nominations for outstanding camerawork , and `` Viewers ' Choice '' runner-up at the 2013 Tribeca Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23de006a8287615e18aefef780aff4d1", "text": "Snowflake, the White Gorilla Snowflake , the White Gorilla ( Copito de Nieve ) is a Spanish direct-to-video live action/animated adventure film directed by Andrés G. Schaer . The film depicts the fictional childhood of the white gorilla Snowflake . In United States , the film was released on . The English dub of the film stars David Spade , Ariana Grande , Jennette McCurdy , Nathan Kress , Dallas Lovato , Keith David , and Christopher Lloyd . It was produced by Grindstone Entertainment Group and distributed by Lionsgate Home Entertainment", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d82cc9bb9cdc662e46a0f744e0dbf6b", "text": "Snowstorm (disambiguation) Snowstorm may refer to : Winter storm , a type of precipitation in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold temperatures Winter Storm ( Kirov novel ) , a military alternative history novel by John Schettler `` Snowstorm toy '' , also known as snow globe Snowstorm , a rock band in Gothenburg , Sweden `` Snowstorm '' , a song by Galaxie 500 from their 1989 album On Fire `` Snowstorm '' , a techno song by Fracus `` Snowstorm '' , a song by Wintersleep from their 2003 album Wintersleep Snowstorm , California , former name of Termo , California The Snowstorm : A Christmas Story , a book by Catherine Gore The Snow-Storm , poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson Snowstorm Records , a record label featuring acts such as Chris T-T Buran ( spacecraft ) , a Soviet space shuttle SnowStorm , a popular game on Habbo Hotel Snow Storm ( G.I. Joe ) , a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe Snowstorm ( film ) , a 1977 Yugoslav film directed by Antun Vrdoljak", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ac50c63377b4f354dedda3a53416b89", "text": "Snow Falls `` Snow Falls '' is the third episode of the American fairy tale/drama television series Once Upon a Time . The series takes place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke , Maine , in which the residents are actually characters from various fairy tales that were transported to the `` real world '' town by a powerful curse . This episode centers on the first meeting of Snow White ( Ginnifer Goodwin ) and Prince Charming ( Joshua Dallas ) , when the former steals his mother 's ring ; Charming hunts her down , but they later part amicably . Meanwhile , Snow 's Storybrooke counterpart , Mary Margaret ( Goodwin ) , develops a personal bond with a comatose John Doe ( Dallas ) while reading him fairy tales . During the night , he awakens and escapes the hospital ; Mary Margaret locates the amnesiac man , but is dismayed to learn that he is married . The episode was written by co-executive producer Liz Tigelaar , while being directed by Dean White . It featured the first appearance of David Anders as Dr. Whale and Anastasia Griffith in the dual role of Kathryn Nolan and Princess Abigail . `` Snow Falls '' serves as a prequel to the pilot episode . Goodwin injured herself during filming and received facial stitches in a local emergency room , though she and Dallas still called the episode their favorite up to that point . It first aired in the United States on ABC on November 6 , 2011 . An estimated 11.4 million viewers tuned into the episode , and it placed second in its timeslot , though it garnered five percent fewer viewers than the previous episode . `` Snow Falls '' received generally positive reviews from television critics , with several calling it an indication that the series was improving over time . The chemistry between Goodwin and Dallas was particularly highlighted for praise . A novelization of the episode was released in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6", "text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e0d0b4bceb23db7d8aac6fa5a502fe4", "text": "Snow in Florida It is very rare for snow to fall in the U.S. state of Florida , especially in the central and southern portions of the state . With the exception of the far northern areas of the state and the Jacksonville area , most of the major cities of Florida have never recorded measurable snowfall , have only recorded trace ( T ) amounts , or have only reported flurries in the air , usually just a few times each century . In the Florida Keys and Key West there is no known occurrence of snow flurries since the settlement of the region . Due to Florida 's low latitude and subtropical climate , temperatures cold enough to support significant snowfall are infrequent and their duration is fleeting . In general , frost is more common than snow , requiring temperatures of 32 ° F ( 0 ° C ) or less at 2 m above sea level , a cloudless sky , and a relative humidity of 65 % or more . Generally , for snow to occur , the polar jet stream must move southward through Texas and into the Gulf of Mexico , with a stalled cold front across the southern portion of the state curving northeastward to combine freezing air into the frontal clouds . While light snowfall occurs a few times each decade across the northern panhandle , most of the state is too far south of the cold continental air masses responsible for generating snowfall in the rest of the country . The mean maximum monthly snowfall in most parts of Florida is zero . The only other areas in the continental United States with this distinction are extreme southern Texas and parts of coastal southern California . Much of the known information on snow in Florida prior to 1900 is from climatological records provided by the National Weather Service meteorological station in Jacksonville , and information for other locations is sparse . The earliest recorded instance of snow in Florida occurred in 1774 ; being unaccustomed to snow , some Jacksonville residents called it `` extraordinary white rain . '' The first White Christmas in northeastern Florida 's history resulted from a snow event that occurred on December 23 , 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e719d270d9bb7d936a536bfbb7145054", "text": "Let It Snow (2001 film) Let It Snow is a 2001 romantic comedy movie . The story involves a young man who finds love during `` snow days '' time off from high school , but spends years finding his true self . He is haunted by the family `` curse '' -- as told to him by his grandmother -- that the men in the family are doomed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ece8ad8b73830c9e859442b91c3781d1", "text": "Schneeland Schneeland ( German : `` Snowland '' ) is a 2005 film written and directed by German filmmaker Hans W. Geissendörfer . Based on the novel Hohaj by Elisabeth Rynell , it depicts the devastation felt by Elizabeth ( Maria Schrader ) , a woman who had lost her husband in a car crash and wants to leave her three young children to join him in death by wandering out into the snowy deserts of Lapland . As she wanders through the snow , Elizabeth discovers the story of Aron ( Thomas Kretschmann ) and Ina ( Julia Jentsch ) , a couple who overcame dark secrets and over-controlling family members to be with each other . Schneeland premiered in January 2005 at the Sundance Film Festival and was released nationwide in German later that month . At the Deutscher Filmpreis ( German Film Awards ) in 2005 , it was nominated for four awards including Best Costume Design and Best Production Design . It won for Best Cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8955f97939f2f6b40f3762991f743fc", "text": "2013 Deauville American Film Festival The 39th Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from August 30 to September 8 , 2013 . Steven Soderbergh 's drama film Behind the Candelabra served as the opening night film . Snowpiercer by Bong Joon-ho was the closing night film of the festival . The Grand Prix was awarded to Night Moves by Kelly Reichardt . Complete lineup for the festival was announced on July 19 , 2013 , including episodes from Television shows for the Television section at the festival . Electronic music duo Justice was given Carte blanche section to show nine of their favourite American films to the festival audience . The festival paid tribute to Cate Blanchett , Nicolas Cage , Larry Clark , Gale Anne Hurd and John Travolta and hosted retrospective of their films . The festival honoured American actor , singer , dancer , and comedian Danny Kaye with Deauville Legend award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d21a062d3bec48b93e539789a8e06c4d", "text": "Cool It (film) Cool It is a 2010 documentary film based on the book Cool It : The Skeptical Environmentalist 's Guide to Global Warming by Danish political scientist Bjørn Lomborg . The film stars Lomborg , best known for authoring The Skeptical Environmentalist . It premiered in September in Canada at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival and had a theatrical United States release on November 12 , 2010 . The film was directed by Ondi Timoner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88339e4403ab44f897767999ce0c3eee", "text": "The Red Snowball Tree The Red Snowball Tree ( -LSB- Калина красная , Kalina krasnaya -RSB- ) is a 1974 Soviet drama film directed by Vasily Shukshin . It was the most successful film of that year . In total the film was watched by over 140 million people . German film director and screenwriter Rainer Werner Fassbinder included The Red Snowball Tree in the top ten of his favorite films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907c6b7233e1e24c83843a55d64e7cdf", "text": "Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs . Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1390660200817b1e4b074567bf1255", "text": "The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield . Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1addc10592a642b7bad92c329bcf5cde	50 First Dates is an American 2004 film.	[ { "docid": "f38f41f41cd3e232a687b9a4ed12c196", "text": "50 First Dates 50 First Dates is a 2004 American romantic comedy film directed by Peter Segal and written by George Wing . The film stars Adam Sandler as a lothario veterinarian and Drew Barrymore as an amnesiac , along with Rob Schneider , Sean Astin , Lusia Strus , Blake Clark , and Dan Aykroyd . Most of the film was shot on location in Oahu , Hawaii on the Windward side and the North Shore . Sandler and Barrymore won an MTV award . The fictitious memory impairment suffered by Barrymore 's character , Goldfield 's Syndrome , is similar to short term memory loss and anterograde amnesia . The 2014 Malayalam film Ormayundo Ee Mukham is inspired by 50 First Dates .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ee09b53272d0919160e72c5b1f781304", "text": "5x2 5x2 ( also Cinq fois deux ; Five Times Two ) is a 2004 French film directed by François Ozon , which uncovers the back story to the gradual disintegration of a middle class marriage by depicting five key moments in the relationship , but in reverse order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "596a541373afc7c29a73e40726a97b60", "text": "Open House (2004 film) Open House is a 2004 real estate musical film starring Hedy Burress , Ann Magnuson , Anthony Rapp , Sally Kellerman , Jenna Leigh Green and Kellie Martin , and directed by Dan Mirvish , a co-founder of the Slamdance Film Festival . It played on the film festival circuit in 2004 -- 05 and was released on DVD through Wellspring Media . All the actors sang live on set , rather than lip synching .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d4e55587c1fe55b149a2e5eee939aaf", "text": "First Date (musical) First Date is a musical with a book by Austin Winsberg and music and lyrics by Alan Zachary and Michael Weiner . Based around the concept of a blind date , the musical made its world premiere during 2012 at Seattle 's ACT Theatre in a 5th Avenue Theatre co-production and made its Broadway debut August 8 , 2013 at the Longacre Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1da36a33d9b532cd6ff817e8139989", "text": "Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b6f5d2eb662d25a97bd3d447c46ab93", "text": "Crutch (film) Crutch is a 2004 autobiographical coming of age film written and directed by Rob Moretti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532e86792e6238411b4533d36f49d6cb", "text": "1950s The 1950s ( pronounced nineteen-fifties ; commonly abbreviated as the 50s or Fifties ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1950 , and ended on December 31 , 1959 . By its end , the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late-1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the early-1960s . Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade , especially in the Northern Hemisphere . The conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1 . Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons ( such as RDS-37 and Upshot -- Knothole ) , this created a politically conservative climate . In the United States , the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the prevailing sentiment in the United States throughout the decade . The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade and accelerated in the following decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16cec031b282a1a07a5cb897af533715", "text": "Hustle (2004 film) Hustle is a television film about baseball player Pete Rose , created by ESPN Films . It was first broadcast on September 25 , 2004 . The movie follows Rose as he gambled on Major League Baseball while managing the Cincinnati Reds , then was caught and banned from baseball for life . The title , Hustle , is a reference to both Rose 's gambling problem and his nickname , `` Charlie Hustle . '' The movie stars Tom Sizemore as Pete Rose and was directed by Peter Bogdanovich .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564fdd007e25aebf8b04700b2adbd091", "text": "All My Life (2004 film) All My Life is 2004 Filipino romantic drama film starring Aga Muhlach and Kristine Hermosa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e1db7ef5ce481651b446c320687bfdd", "text": "Love Rules (film) Love Rules is a 2004 comedy film starring Joey Lawrence and Maggie Lawson , airing on ABC Family . On its premiere night , Love Rules opened up with 4.1 million viewers tuning in for its premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "190741a409db6398cf676c812270236a", "text": "Paparazzi (2004 film) Paparazzi is a 2004 American action film directed by Paul Abascal , produced by actor Mel Gibson , and starring Cole Hauser . The film chronicles the life of a popular Hollywood film star in the aftermath of a car crash caused by four paparazzo tabloid photographers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be8ef247d83f3f3d1808560cac33d111", "text": "Primer (film) Primer is a 2004 American independent science fiction drama film about the accidental discovery of time travel . The film was written , directed , produced , edited and scored by Shane Carruth , who also stars . Primer is of note for its extremely low budget , experimental plot structure , philosophical implications , and complex technical dialogue , which Carruth , a college graduate with a degree in mathematics and a former engineer , chose not to simplify for the sake of the audience . The film collected the Grand Jury Prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival , before securing a limited release in the United States , and has since gained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf066fac604b5da08cb5932d16ba1c8", "text": "Black Tie Nights Black Tie Nights was a softcore drama anthology series which aired on Cinemax in the United States from 2004 to 2005 . This anthology show revolved around the adventures of Olivia Hartley and Cooper Snow who ran Black Tie dating service . They were assisted by their geeky sidekick , Ryan Lundy . Each week they would encounter new or returning customers and try to play matchmaker . The first season had two main subplots that continued in each episode . The first was the budding romance between Ryan and Cooper . The second was Olivia getting over the loss of her husband and dating again . In the second season , the show was retooled . The anthology series was renamed Hollywood Sexcapades and the characters of Olivia and Cooper were said to be out of the country opening a new branch . Candi Hicks , a recurring customer in the first season , became the new employee of Black Tie dating service . She and Ryan ( who was no longer nerdish ) partnered to run the company , and the continuing subplot was the budding romance between these two characters . Each week they would continue to try to play matchmaker to that episode 's guest stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dbfde96a4e83cb698c922b3da4d1687", "text": "Adam and Evil (2004 film) Adam and Evil is a 2004 horror film directed by Andrew Van Slee about a group of teens who face a murderer while partying at a camping site . It stars Erica Cerra , James Clayton , and Jodie Graham . Filming began on April 30 , 2003 in Los Angeles and it was released on April 27 , 2004 . The film was released on DVD as Halloween Camp 2 : Scream If You Wan na Die Faster in the United Kingdom . Although there is no plot continuity , the UK name implies a sequel to the 2003 Bloody Murder 2 : Closing Camp , released as Halloween Camp in the UK . This in turn is a sequel to the 2000 slasher movie Bloody Murder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dded8262bfac90f5397b656f1cb7ab3", "text": "Shall We Dance? (2004 film) Shall We Dance ? is a 2004 American film that is a remake of the award-winning 1996 Japanese film of the same name . The film made its US premiere at the Hawaii International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9d5194ad1b9c6050faca19ce42d10f7", "text": "The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time The following are the `` Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time '' according to the worldwide opinion polls conducted by Sight & Sound and published in the journal 's September 2012 issue . They published the critics ' list , based on 846 critics , programmers , academics , and distributors , and the directors ' list , based on 358 directors and filmmakers . Sight & Sound , published by the British Film Institute , has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "610f97eb5cbdd09e1e41e31c8e062de6", "text": "Blast (2004 film) Blast was a 2004 action comedy film directed by Anthony Hickox . It was written by Steven E. de Souza and starring Eddie Griffin , Vinnie Jones , Breckin Meyer , and Vivica A. Fox .", "title": "" } ]	fever
50b795edc183c1e7f6087941e8389c67	Haim Saban is an Israeli-American investor.	[ { "docid": "9478626d1e99ca6826bf35ddf24533a4", "text": "Haim Saban Haim Saban ( -LSB- səˈbɑːn -RSB- חיים סבן born October 15 , 1944 ) is an Israeli-American media proprietor , investor , philanthropist , musician , record , film & television producer . A businessman with interests in financial services , entertainment , and media , and an estimated net worth of $ 3 billion , he is ranked by Forbes as the 232nd richest person in America . Saban is the founder of Saban Entertainment , producer and distributor of children 's television programs in the US such as Power Rangers . He headed up consortiums which purchased the broadcasters ProSiebenSat .1 Media and Univision Communications . He is a major donor to the US Democratic Party and active in pro-Israel political efforts in the US . In March 2017 , Saban was honored with the 2,605 th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his achievements in television .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d80e79fb418c0f45d2608585799c2b24", "text": "Biltmore Conference The Biltmore Conference , also known by its resolution as the Biltmore Program , was a fundamental departure from traditional Zionist policy with its demand `` that Palestine be established as a Jewish Commonwealth . '' The meeting was held in New York City at the prestigious Biltmore Hotel from May 6 to May 11 , 1942 with 600 delegates and Zionist leaders from 18 countries attending . The Biltmore Program has been described by a number of historians as `` a virtual coup d'etat '' within the Zionist movement , in which more moderate leaders were replaced with leaders with more aggressive goals . Prior to Biltmore , official Zionism steadfastly refused to formulate the ultimate aim of the movement preferring instead to concentrate on the practical task of building the Jewish National Home . The Biltmore Program became the official Zionist stand on the ultimate aim of the movement . According to Ben-Gurion , the `` first and essential '' stage of the program was the immigration of two million additional Jews to Palestine , a target which later became official Zionist policy after being revised downwards in the One Million Plan . There was no reference to the Arab population of Palestine , and , according to Anita Shapira , marked a transition to the view that conflict was inevitable between the Arabs and Jews , and could only resolved by the sword . The major shift at Biltmore was prompted by intense common opposition to the British White Paper of 1939 , which interpreted the terms of the Mandate in a way that would freeze `` the Jewish community to a permanent minority status , '' and the then-current war negative situation . It was also prompted by the realization that America would play a larger part in fulfillment of Zionist designs after the war . Official Zionism 's firm , unequivocal stand did not please every one , however . The pro-British Chaim Weizmann had bristled at them and bi-nationalists such as Henrietta Szold and Judah L. Magnes rejected them and broke off to establish their own party , Ichud ( Unification ) , that advocated an Arab -- Jewish Federation . Opposition to the Biltmore Program also lead to the founding of the anti-Zionist American Council for Judaism . Various Zionist organizations were represented in the American Emergency Committee of Zionist Affairs , which called an `` Extraordinary Zionist Conference '' as a substitute for the full ( 22nd ) Zionist Congress which had been cancelled due to World War II . Attendees included Chaim Weizmann , as President of the World Zionist Organization , David Ben-Gurion as Chairman of the Jewish Agency Executive , and Nahum Goldmann as a member of the Executive of the Zionist Organization of America . The four main organisations of American Jewry represented were : the Zionist Organization of America , Hadassah , Mizrahi , and Poale Zion . Among the American organizers was Reform Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246e6915e7d23283c3c86de558d28075", "text": "Sandbox Industries Sandbox Industries is a United States venture capital firm located in Chicago . The firm focuses on connecting established corporations , or incumbents , with disruptive startups , or innovators , across several lines of business : strategic corporate investment funds , new business accelerators , and innovation consulting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c710b63541f530aa4183b1db736843d1", "text": "Saad Al Barrak Saad Al Barrak is a Kuwaiti businessman and investor . He is best known for his role as the CEO of Zain Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eb61494691d4e777a7990cac8bc753f", "text": "James O'Shaughnessy James Patrick O'Shaughnessy ( born May 24 , 1960 ) is an American investor and the founder , chairman , and CEO of O'Shaughnessy Asset Management , LLC ( OSAM ) , an asset management firm headquartered in Stamford , Connecticut . O'Shaughnessy 's areas of expertise include quantitative equity analysis , portfolio management , research decisions , and investment models . O'Shaughnessy has authored several books that use Standard & Poor 's Compustat database to provide extensive quantitative analysis of stock market performance . O'Shaughnessy has been awarded several U.S. patents for his investment strategies and was recognized as a legendary investor by Forbes.com .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a92d6c3f68df9220235934c9a609d00", "text": "Howard Sosin Howard Sosin was born in Illinois and became a financial whiz . He was for a time an associate professor at the Columbia Business School . He founded American International Group Financial Products in 1987 and remained there until 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "521bca7071445fa67c45ef27a0cd6d00", "text": "Seth Goldstein Seth Goldstein is an American entrepreneur and angel investor . A `` pioneer of internet marketing practices , '' he has founded six companies , including Crossfader , Turntable.fm , SiteSpecific , SocialMedia , and Majestic Research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1de582408c1dc460543ecbfd9b8022", "text": "PIMCO Pacific Investment Management Company , LLC ( commonly called PIMCO ) , is an American investment management firm headquartered in Newport Beach , California , with over 2,000 employees working in 13 offices across 12 countries , and $ 1.51 trillion in assets under management as of 30 June 2016 . The company provides mutual funds and other portfolio management and asset allocation solutions for millions of investors worldwide . PIMCO offers a broad list of investment strategies that encompass the entire risk spectrum and capital structure , including core bonds and credit , structured credit , alternatives , real assets , equities and currencies . PIMCO oversees investments on behalf of millions of clients , including retirement savers , public and private pension plans , educational institutions , central banks and government agencies , foundations and endowments and financial intermediaries among others . The firm , a prominent thought leader in the financial markets , is known to have coined and popularized the phrase `` The New Normal '' in the aftermath of the subprime mortgage crisis in 2009 . `` The new normal '' as a standalone phrase has a long history dating to the post-First World War era and then seeing a new resurgence in use in the post 9/11 era . More recently , PIMCO introduced `` The New Neutral '' thesis to characterize a period of lower but stable economic growth , and interest rates to remain lower than historically for a longer period of time . In April 2015 , PIMCO announced the hire of former Federal Reserve Chairman , Dr. Ben Bernanke as a Senior Advisor , following in the footsteps of predecessor Federal Reserve Chairman , Alan Greenspan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abc68bbe5a8a00e277c068be52272100", "text": "Siyum A siyum ( `` completion '' ) is the completion of any unit of Torah study , or book of the Mishnah or Talmud in Judaism . A siyum is usually followed by a celebratory meal , or seudat mitzvah , a meal in honor of a mitzvah , or commandment . Siyum also refers to the celebration . An enduring custom is for the community to complete a unit of Torah or tractate ( s ) of Talmud during the 30 days following the death of a beloved one and hold a communal siyum thereafter , in tribute and honor of the memory of the deceased . It has become customary for synagogues to arrange a siyum on the morning before Passover to allow those fasting for Ta'anit Bechorim ( Fast of the Firstborn ) to break their fast , taking advantage of the halakhic principle that prioritizes Torah study . A siyum ha-sefer , meaning `` completion of the book , '' is also held as a ceremonial completion and dedication of a sefer Torah , a handwritten copy of the Torah , the most important Jewish ritual object , which is kept in the Ark of a synagogue . Usually , when an individual or a group conclude the study of any tractate of the Talmud , or even of the Mishnah , a siyum is celebrated . At the end of every volume of the Talmud a special hadran prayer is printed with a set order of prayers and a special kaddish , Kaddish D'itchadita , in honor of the completion of that volume , which Judaism considers to be an important achievement and a milestone worth celebrating . In the merit and honor of a deceased individual , it is customary to undertake Mishnah study with the goal of holding a siyum . Rabbi Moshe Feinstein , based on the Nemukei Yosef , the Ran ( Rabbeinu Nissim ) , the Rashbam , and the Eliyah Rabbah , extends the concept of a siyum to include even a festive meal celebrating the completion of any mitzvah ( commandment ) that has taken a significant duration of time ( such as a number of weeks or months ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f5f287fad74e542da5fe0b8ac7da4b6", "text": "American Bankers Association The American Bankers Association ( ABA ) is a Washington , D.C.-based trade association for the U.S. banking industry . Founded in 1875 , ABA today represents banks of all sizes and charters , including community banks , regional and money center banks , savings associations , mutual savings banks , and trust companies , with the average member bank having approximately $ 250 million in assets . Like many large trade associations , ABA 's principal activities include lobbying , professional development for member institutions , maintenance of best practices and industry standards ( for example , routing transit numbers ) , consumer education , and distribution of products and services . ABA is considered the largest financial trade group in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4737377f03c9e19a92e6c118c1c4c7e4", "text": "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy is a book by John Mearsheimer , Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago , and Stephen Walt , Professor of International Relations at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University , published in late August 2007 . It was a New York Times Best Seller . The book describes the lobby as a `` loose coalition of individuals and organizations who actively work to steer U.S. foreign policy in a pro-Israel direction '' . The book `` focuses primarily on the lobby 's influence on U.S. foreign policy and its negative effect on American interests '' . The authors also argue that `` the lobby 's impact has been unintentionally harmful to Israel as well '' . Both Mearsheimer and Walt argue that although `` the boundaries of the Israel lobby can not be identified precisely '' , it `` has a core consisting of organizations whose declared purpose is to encourage the U.S. government and the American public to provide material aid to Israel and to support its government 's policies , as well as influential individuals for whom these goals are also a top priority '' . They note that `` not every American with a favorable attitude to Israel is part of the lobby '' , and that although `` the bulk of the lobby is Jewish Americans '' , there are many American Jews who are not part of the lobby , and the lobby also includes Christian Zionists . They also claim a drift of important groups in `` the lobby '' to the right , and overlap with the neoconservatives . The book was preceded by a paper commissioned by The Atlantic Monthly and written by Mearsheimer and Walt . The Atlantic Monthly rejected the paper , and it was published elsewhere . The paper attracted considerable controversy , both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba2e6eecdf500bbaebce7349f90c1464", "text": "The Vanguard Group The Vanguard Group is an American investment management company based in Malvern , Pennsylvania with over $ 4 trillion in assets under management . It is the largest provider of mutual funds and the second-largest provider of exchange-traded funds ( ETFs ) in the world after BlackRock 's iShares . In addition to mutual funds and ETFs , Vanguard offers brokerage services , variable and fixed annuities , educational account services , financial planning , asset management , and trust services . Founder and former chairman John C. Bogle is credited with the creation of the first index fund available to individual investors and has been a proponent of and a major enabler of low-cost investing by individuals . Vanguard is structured as a mutual company ; it is owned by funds managed by the company , and is therefore owned by its customers . Vanguard offers two classes of most of its funds : investor shares and admiral shares . Admiral shares have slightly lower expense ratios but require a higher minimum investment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e363605646e38b2694838393c67ddd8", "text": "Small Business Innovation Research The Small Business Innovation Research ( or SBIR ) program is a United States Government program , coordinated by the Small Business Administration , intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development ( R&D ) . Funding takes the form of contracts or grants . The recipient projects must have the potential for commercialization and must meet specific U.S. Government R&D needs . The SBIR program was created to support scientific excellence and technological innovation through the investment of federal research funds in critical American priorities to build a strong national economy ... one business at a time . In the words of program founder Roland Tibbetts : `` to provide funding for some of the best early-stage innovation ideas -- ideas that , however promising , are still too high risk for private investors , including venture capital firms . '' For the purposes of the SBIR program , the term `` small business '' is defined as a for-profit business with fewer than 500 employees , owned by one or more individuals who are citizens of , or permanent resident aliens in , the United States of America . Funds are obtained by allocating a certain percentage of the total extramural ( R&D ) budgets of the 11 federal agencies with extramural research budgets in excess of $ 100 million . Approximately $ 2.5 billion is awarded through this program each year . The United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) is the largest agency in this program with approximately $ 1 billion in SBIR grants annually . Over half the awards from the DoD are to firms with fewer than 25 people and a third to firms of fewer than 10 . A fifth are minority or women-owned businesses . Historically a quarter of the companies receiving grants are receiving them for the first-time . Besides the DoD , there are also programs with the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the Department of Agriculture , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b729f5879cb570b53822cc27a230aba2", "text": "Clarity Capital Clarity Capital is an investment firm founded in 2007 with offices in both Tel Aviv and New York . Clarity Capital serves high net wealth families and institutions including arts and educational endowments and philanthropic endowments . The firm manages over $ 1 billion in assets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1ebb041eeadc843ed209a55809db745", "text": "Viola Group Viola Group , established in 2000 , is an Israeli private equity investment group with over $ 2.5 billion under management . Viola Group is focused on funding Israeli technology-based companies . Viola group consists of four independent investment funds including Carmel Ventures -- a Venture Capital fund ; Viola Credit -- a growth and venture lending fund ; Viola Growth ( formerly Viola Private Equity ) -- a technology-focused growth capital and buyout fund ; and Viola Partners -- an investment fund mainly for private investors . Viola Group is based in Herzeliya , Israel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7217e53f5341cf456bb373f80194a7e4", "text": "Asset health management Asset health management or ( AHM ) is the field of study which looks at how to manage the `` health '' of an asset or assets . This often includes methods to establish asset health and effort to decide the appropriate actions to be taken to manage the assets ' health . This also includes the discussion of health at end of life to ensure the asset 's full life is used efficiently . Asset health management includes many different methods which can sometime overlap in their intended scope and methods . Asset health management has become a difficult field to discuss due to the use of the same acronym to describe multiple different approaches and the use of the same approach with different names . Asset health management can be considered a subset of Asset management", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86db7916ec5e0b779b052a095c9a67d1", "text": "Bias ratio The bias ratio is an indicator used in finance to analyze the returns of investment portfolios , and in performing due diligence . The bias ratio is a concrete metric that detects valuation bias or deliberate price manipulation of portfolio assets by a manager of a hedge fund , mutual fund or similar investment vehicle , without requiring disclosure ( transparency ) of the actual holdings . This metric measures abnormalities in the distribution of returns that indicate the presence of bias in subjective pricing . The formulation of the Bias Ratio stems from an insight into the behavior of asset managers as they address the expectations of investors with the valuation of assets that determine their performance . The bias ratio measures how far the returns from an investment portfolio -- e.g. one managed by a hedge fund -- are from an unbiased distribution . Thus the bias ratio of a pure equity index will usually be close to 1 . However , if a fund smooths its returns using subjective pricing of illiquid assets the bias ratio will be higher . As such , it can help identify the presence of illiquid securities where they are not expected . The bias ratio was first defined by Adil Abdulali , a risk manager at the investment firm Protégé Partners . The Concepts behind the Bias Ratio were formulated between 2001 and 2003 and privately used to screen money managers . The first public discussions on the subject took place in 2004 at New York University 's Courant Institute and in 2006 at Columbia University . In 2006 , the Bias Ratio was published in a letter to Investors and made available to the public by Riskdata , a risk management solution provider , that included it in its standard suite of analytics . The Bias Ratio has since been used by a number of Risk Management professionals to spot suspicious funds that subsequently turned out to be frauds . The most spectacular example of this was reported in the Financial Times on 22 January 2009 titled `` Bias ratio seen to unmask Madoff '' !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3086afdd655e3b9d7b05d4ef41af2fd", "text": "Ezra Zilkha Ezra Khedouri Zilkha ( born 1925/1926 ) is an Iraqi-born American financier and philanthropist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "972d758e113d9d8d802856623f6a04e7", "text": "Private equity firm A private equity firm is an investment management company that provides financial backing and makes investments in the private equity of startup or operating companies through a variety of loosely affiliated investment strategies including leveraged buyout , venture capital , and growth capital . Often described as a financial sponsor , each firm will raise funds that will be invested in accordance with one or more specific investment strategies . Typically , a private equity firm will raise pools of capital , or private equity funds that supply the equity contributions for these transactions . Private equity firms will receive a periodic management fee as well as a share in the profits earned ( carried interest ) from each private equity fund managed . Private equity firms , with their investors , will acquire a controlling or substantial minority position in a company and then look to maximize the value of that investment . Private equity firms generally receive a return on their investments through one of the following avenues : an initial public offering ( IPO ) -- shares of the company are offered to the public , typically providing a partial immediate realization to the financial sponsor as well as a public market into which it can later sell additional shares ; a merger or acquisition -- the company is sold for either cash or shares in another company ; a recapitalization -- cash is distributed to the shareholders ( in this case the financial sponsor ) and its private equity funds either from cash flow generated by the company or through raising debt or other securities to fund the distribution . Private equity firms characteristically make longer-hold investments in target industry sectors or specific investment areas where they have expertise . Private equity firms and investment funds should not be confused with hedge fund firms which typically make shorter-term investments in securities and other more liquid assets within an industry sector but with less direct influence or control over the operations of a specific company . Where private equity firms take on operational roles to manage risks and achieve growth through long term investments , hedge funds more frequently act as short-term traders of securities betting on both the up and down sides of a business or of an industry sector 's financial health .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b9517351ce06d167af41f1a3bffd83a", "text": "New York Angels New York Angels is an organization of business angel investors based in New York , New York , US that provides equity capital for early stage companies , primarily in the field of technology and new media . Its members typically invest between US$ 250,000 and US$ 1,000,000 in companies that have begun operations but are not yet ready for venture capital . New York Angels is the successor group to the Angel Investor Program of the former New York New Media Association ( NYNMA ) , which began as the industry association representing the fast-growing technology companies in what was nicknamed Silicon Alley . In 1997 , at the suggestion of a number of NYNMA 's original founders , including Brian Horey , Laura Sachar , Alain Bankier and Jason Wright , the organization facilitated the creation of program to match new entrepreneurs with experienced Angel Investors . Following the crash of the dot-com bubble , NYNMA was disbanded and in 2003 the active angel investors whom it had brought together spun themselves off into a separate , not-for-profit group under the leadership of David S. Rose , a serial entrepreneur and investor . Since 2003 , New York Angels has invested over $ 50 million into more than 60 early stage companies , mostly in and around the New York regional area . Among the 75 Accredited Investor members of the invitation-only group are Gideon Gartner ( Gartner Group and GIGA ) , Esther Dyson ( Release 1.0 and PC Forum ) , Alan Patricof ( Apax Ventures and Greycroft Partners ) , Scott Kurnit ( About.com ) , Roger Ehrenberg ( IA Capital ) , Jeff Stewart ( Mimeo.com ) , Jon Whelan ( AfterNIC.com ) , Linda Holliday ( Digitas Health ) and other technology entrepreneurs . The group also accepts venture capital firms as members , among which are First Round Capital , Softbank Ventures , RRE Ventures , and SAVP/Greenhill . New York Angels was the first member of the Angel Capital Association , the professional trade group of American angel investor organizations . The organization is currently headed by businessman , Brian Cohen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cf33d4117a8d32d319037a1f054b30d", "text": "Saeb N. Jaroudi Dr. Saeb N. Jaroudi ( Arabic : صائب جارودي ) was the former Minister of National Economy , Industry , and Tourism in Lebanon and a senior economic consultant advising international public and private institutions on economic policy and project finance . He held a number of leadership roles in the Arab world , Europe , and the United States throughout his career . He also served on several Boards and was a long-standing member of the Board of Directors of Arab Finance Corporation . He was elected as the first Chairman of the Board and President of the Kuwait-based Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development by the Arab Ministers of Finance . He established the Fund as the regional development bank of the Arab world , initiating and financing major national and inter-country industrial , agriculture , rural development , power , water , education , and healthcare projects . During his tenure , he also initiated the establishment of the Arab Monetary Fund and the Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development . As minister in Saeb Salam 's first cabinet during president Suleiman Frangieh 's mandate , Dr. Jaroudi introduced policies that successfully stimulated the development of lesser developed regions of the country , encouraged the flow of foreign direct investment into the country and increased exports through bilateral trade agreements . To promote investment in Lebanon 's industrial sector , he developed and led a pioneering matchmaking program with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( UNIDO ) , which culminated in the signing of 20 new joint venture projects between Lebanese and foreign investors . His strong United Nations ties began when he joined the UN 's Center for Development Planning in New York as a Senior Economist . During a decade-long UN career , he assisted in the establishment and implementation of several Arab countries ' national development plans . He also assisted the Kuwaiti government in establishing the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development and driving its operations during its early years . Fresh from completing his Master 's degree at the University of California , Berkeley and his PhD Studies at Columbia University , Dr. Jaroudi began his professional experience teaching Economics at the American University of Beirut , where he also participated in the pioneering work of the Economic Research Institute on economic development and business legislation in the Middle East . In recognition of his contributions to the economic and social advancement of developing countries , Dr. Jaroudi was elected as a member of the United Nations Committee for Development Policy and UNESCO 's International Fund for the Promotion of Culture . He also served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Arab British Chamber of Commerce Foundation , the British Lebanese Association , and International College in Lebanon . He was also an elected fellow of The Royal Numismatic Society ( RNS ) , a learned society and charity based in London , United Kingdom whose patron as of 2014 was Queen Elizabeth II . On September 18 , 2014 , upon the request of the Lebanese Prime Minister Tammam Salam , he was honored by a minute of silence by the Lebanese Council of Ministers at the start of the cabinet meeting .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1a386afade81a26ee0e1b7900141d089	David Carradine was arrested.	[ { "docid": "8218689443ce5fe20795428b93f340cc", "text": "David Carradine David Carradine ( born John Arthur Carradine ; December 8 , 1936 -- June 3 , 2009 ) was an American actor and martial artist . He was known for his leading role as a peace-loving Shaolin monk , Kwai Chang Caine , in the 1970s television series Kung Fu . He was also known for playing Frankenstein in the original Death Race movie and Bill in both Kill Bill films . He was a member of an acting family that began with his father , John Carradine . Carradine 's acting career , which included major and minor roles on stage and television , and in cinema , spanned over four decades . A prolific `` B '' movie actor , he appeared in more than 100 feature films in career spanning over sixty years . He was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards , for projects such as the television series Kung Fu ( 1972 -- 1975 ) , the Woody Guthrie biopic Bound for Glory ( 1976 ) and the miniseries North and South ( 1985 ) . His final nomination came in the category of Best Supporting Actor for portraying the titular character in Quentin Tarantino 's Kill Bill : Volume 2 ( 2004 ) . Films that featured Carradine continued to be released after his death . These posthumous credits were from a variety of genres including action , documentaries , drama , horror , martial arts , science fiction , and westerns . In addition to his acting career , Carradine was a director and musician . Moreover , influenced by his most popular acting role , he studied martial arts . He was sometimes arrested and prosecuted for a variety of offenses , which often involved substance abuse . He died on June 3 , 2009 , in a hotel room in Bangkok , Thailand from auto-erotic asphyxiation .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a562bf216a6438cbe080da1aafa8c40a", "text": "David Eastman David Harold Eastman ( born 29 September 1945 ) is a former public servant from Canberra , Australia . In 1995 he was convicted of the murder of Australian Federal Police Assistant Commissioner Colin Winchester and was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole but in 2014 a judicial inquiry recommended the sentence should be quashed and he should be pardoned . On 22 August of the same year , the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory quashed the conviction , and ordered a retrial .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f030be87ffb50173e040dce2fb489a", "text": "Perp walk A perp walk , or walking the perp , The term `` perp '' is short for `` perpetrator '' , and is commonly used by police departments for those they arrest . It is legally inaccurate since the arrested individual 's guilt has not been judicially established at that point . is a practice in American law enforcement of taking an arrested suspect through a public place , creating an opportunity for the media to take photographs and video of the event . The defendant is typically handcuffed or otherwise restrained , and is sometimes dressed in prison garb . Within the United States the perp walk is most closely associated with New York City . The practice rose in popularity in the 1980s under U.S. Attorney Rudolph Giuliani , when white-collar criminals were perp-walked . The perp walk arose incidentally from the need to transport a defendant from a police station to court after arrest , and the general prohibition of prior restraint under the U.S. Constitution 's First Amendment . Law enforcement agencies often coordinate with the media in scheduling and arranging them . It has been criticized as a form of public humiliation that violates a defendant 's right to privacy and is prejudicial to the presumption of innocence , but is defended as promoting transparency in the criminal justice system . American courts have permitted it on the grounds that it arises from the limitations and necessity of police procedure , but have also limited it only to those times when it is actually necessary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0b66b1d37ea1e5fc3c5b66303948cf2", "text": "Steven Mazzone Steven Mazzone ( born 1964 ) is an American mobster believed to be a high ranking member of the Philadelphia crime family . Mazzone 's rise in power through the Philadelphia underworld began as a protege of former boss turned informant , Ralph Natale . After the family was decimated by prosecutions during the Nicodemo Scarfo and John Stanfa eras , Natale was released from prison in 1994 and shortly thereafter became the new boss of the crime family . Natale partnered with the `` Young Turks '' faction that was one of the few remnants left of the Philadelphia crime family , and their leader , Joseph `` Skinny Joey '' Merlino . After Natale assumed the top position as boss , he positioned Merlino as underboss and Ronald Turchi as the consigliere in the new hierarchy . This administration is still in question to this day , as many now believe that Merlino was running the family behind the scenes , letting Natale have the boss position to deter law enforcement from himself . Mazzone is a childhood friend of Merlino . They both grew up in South Philadelphia and started there criminal careers together . Natale inducted Mazzone into the crime family in 1995 and made him a caporegime in 1996 . Following Natale 's 1998 arrest for drug trafficking , Merlino officially took over the family and become the new boss . He named Mazzone as his underboss and another childhood friend , George Borgesi , as consigliere . However their reign would be short . Mazzone would be indicted and held without bail in June 1999 along with Merlino , George Borgesi and others for racketeering and murder . A year earlier , Natale feeling slighted , and now realizing he may have been a puppet for Merlino all along , decided to end his life as a criminal . Facing the rest of his life in prison for drug trafficking , he decided to cooperate with the government in 1999 and agreed to testify against his former friends . Natale testified that Mazzone was the shooter in the death of mobster `` Little Felix '' Bocchino on January 29 , 1992 . Natale also testified that Mazzone was one of the shooters in the failed murder attempt on Joseph Ciangalini , Jr. on March 2 , 1993 . Mazzone and his co-defendants were acquitted of all murder charges at trial in 2001 , largely due to credibility issues with the government witnesses . The defendants were found guilty of racketeering and illegal bookmaking . Mazzone was acquitted of murder , murder conspiracy and attempted murder but convicted of racketeering , extortion and illegal bookmaking and was sentenced to nine years in prison . The upper echelon of the family was once again decimated . Following the indictment and imprisonment of the family 's hierarchy , Merlino would remain in control from prison , while installing Joseph `` Uncle Joe '' Ligambi as the acting boss of the family . After serving nearly the whole length of his nine-year prison term , Mazzone was transferred to a halfway house then released from federal custody on February 2 , 2008 . Following his release , Mazzone was to have no contact with other convicted criminals or known mobsters , and he was placed on federally supervised release for three years . Coincidentally , in the months following the expiration date of his parole restrictions , Joseph Ligambi , the acting boss of the family , was arrested himself in May 2011 following a sweeping racketeering indictment that threatened to eradicate the hierarchy of the family once again . Just prior to the indictment , Joseph Merlino was released from federal prison and into a halfway house in Florida . Merlino would also have to serve three years of supervised release until September 2014 . With Ligambi and others were denied bail and forced into waiting out their trial in the federal detention center in Philadelphia , Mazzone was elevated to acting boss . Shortly after , Philadelphia TV station Fox 29 's news team caught Mazzone on video ( without audio ) angrily yelling at two alleged crime family associates . After two federal trials in which the government failed to convict him , Ligambi was released in January 2014 and reputedly went into semiretired . Although Ligambi 's imminent retirement is questionable , Mazzone continues to hold a leadership position in the Philadelphia crime family . Local law enforcement , prosecutors , and the FBI all believe that Merlino remains the boss of the family while partially residing in Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed7d3d931b6e6ec5bc42b27343a8fa81", "text": "In re Sealed Case No. 02-001 In re : Sealed Case No. 02-001 , 310 F. 3d 717 ( 2002 ) , is a per curiam decision by the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review in which it reviewed restrictions that were placed upon a Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act ( FISA ) application by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court ( FISC ) on May 17 , 2002 . The Court of Review reversed the FISC 's restrictions , stating that they `` are not required by FISA or the Constitution '' . This opinion represents the first meeting of and first opinion by the Court of Review . For the purposes of review , the FISC 's modification of the requested application worked as a `` denial '' , thus giving the Court of Review jurisdiction to take the case . The Court noted that the case raised important questions of statutory interpretation and the constitutionality of provision of FISA . In particular , the opinion addressed changes made in the act due to the passage of the Patriot Act . The Court addressed these questions in the context of a single request for an order authorizing electronic surveillance made by the government to the FISC . The FISC approved the requested order but `` imposed certain requirements and limitations '' on the government . The government appealed to the Court of Review . The Court first stated that there appeared to be no disagreement between the government and the FISC as to the propriety of the requested surveillance because the FISC found that the government had shown probable caused to believe that the target is an agent of a foreign power . The government therefore only appealed the restrictions imposed . The restrictions include orders that law enforcement officials shall not make recommendations to intelligence officials concerning the initiation , operation , continuation or expansion of FISA searches or surveillances . Additionally , the FBI and the Criminal Division -LSB- of the Department of Justice -RSB- shall ensure that law enforcement officials do not direct or control the use of the FISA procedures to enhance criminal prosecution , and that advice intended to preserve the option of a criminal prosecution does not inadvertently result in the Criminal Division 's directing or controlling the investigation using FISA searches and surveillances toward law enforcement objectives . The FISC also created what the court referred to as a `` chaperone requirement '' , which required that a unit of the Justice Department ( the Office of Intelligence Policy and review ( OIPR ) ) `` be invited '' to all meetings between the FBI and the Criminal Division involving coordination of efforts to investigate and respond to potential hostile acts . The Court of Review stated that the lower opinion establishing these restrictions did not clearly set forth the basis for its decision . Instead , the restrictions `` appear -LSB- -RSB- to proceed from the assumption that FISA constructed a barrier between counterintelligence/intelligence officials and law enforcement officers in the Executive Branch , '' but the opinion did not support such an assumption . This `` wall '' between the intelligence officials and law enforcement officers was created by the FISC in reliance on `` its statutory authority to approve ` minimization procedures ' designed to prevent the acquisition , retention , and dissemination within the government of material gathered in an electronic surveillance that is unnecessary to the government 's need for foreign intelligence information . '' Two arguments were presented by the government in opposition to these restrictions . First , the government argued that the pre-Patriot Act limitation in FISA that restricts the government 's use of intelligence information is `` an illusion . '' Alternatively , the government argued that even if the `` primary purpose '' limitation exists , the passage of the Patriot Act eliminated that concept from FISA . As a corollary , the government argued that the restrictions imposed by the FISC below were a misconstruction of the FISA provisions and `` an end run around '' the amendments added by the Patriot Act . The American Civil Liberties Union ( ACLU ) and the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers ( NACDL ) submitted amicus curiae briefs in support of the restrictions . The briefs argued primarily that the FISA statute ( and the amendments of the Patriot Act ) are unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment unless they are construed to prohibit the government from obtaining a FISA surveillance order if its `` primary purpose '' is criminal prosecution . Among other things , the Court of Review found that FISA is constitutional , that the minimization requirements of FISA are not grounds to limit the purpose of the FISA application , and that FISA may be used to collect evidence for criminal prosecution . The Court also noted ( but made no judgment regarding ) `` the President 's inherent constitutional authority to conduct warrantless foreign intelligence surveillance '' which relates to part of the government justification in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd49a5c5104c2ac7079a2f2c55462a08", "text": "David Martin Long David Martin Long ( July 15 , 1953 -- December 8 , 1999 ) was an American murderer . He was arrested after the 1986 hatchet killings of three women in Lancaster , Texas , and was convicted of murder and sentenced to the death penalty . Long was never tried for any other murders , but he also confessed to killing a gas station attendant in a 1978 beating in San Bernardino , California , and killing a former boss in a 1983 fire in Bay City , Texas . While on death row , Long confessed to setting a fire that killed two women in 1986 . Ernest Willis was already on death row for the crime . Long 's confession was ultimately found to lack credibility , but it sparked new interest in the case , and when arson investigators re-examined the case , they felt that an electrical issue most likely caused the fire . Willis was released from prison in 2004 , having spent 17 years on death row . Two days before Long was scheduled to be executed , he took an overdose of prescription drugs and was hospitalized in Galveston , Texas . Officials in Texas refused to delay the execution . Initially placed on a ventilator , Long improved significantly by the next day . He was placed on a medically supervised flight back to Huntsville on the day of his scheduled execution so that he could be executed as scheduled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169f1ca77ebdeda1897cd035855b4f20", "text": "Roman Polanski sexual abuse case In March 1977 , film director Roman Polanski was arrested and charged in Los Angeles with five offenses against Samantha Gailey , a 13-year-old girl -- rape by use of drugs , perversion , sodomy , lewd and lascivious act upon a child under 14 , and furnishing a controlled substance to a minor . At his arraignment Polanski pleaded not guilty to all charges , but later accepted a plea bargain whose terms included dismissal of the five initial charges in exchange for a guilty plea to the lesser charge of engaging in unlawful sexual intercourse . Polanski underwent a court-ordered psychiatric evaluation , and a report was submitted to the court recommending probation . However , upon learning that he was likely to face imprisonment and deportation , Polanski fled to France in February 1978 , hours before he was to be formally sentenced . Since then Polanski has mostly lived in France and has avoided visiting countries likely to extradite him to the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81e7a51e07bc9836f856ebed9678887", "text": "FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives by year, 1958 In 1958 , the United States FBI , under Director J. Edgar Hoover , continued for a ninth year to maintain a public list of the people it regarded as the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives . As 1958 opened , the FBI had gone for a full ten months through the end of the prior year without being able to add a single fugitive to the top Ten list . The reason for the paucity of new fugitives is that by March of the prior year , the list of Ten Fugitives had become entirely populated by the most difficult captures , all ten of whom still remained at large , up through the first three months of 1958 : 1950 # 4 ( eight years ) , Henry Randolph Mitchell , process was dismissed July 18 , 1958 1950 # 14 ( eight years ) , Frederick J. Tenuto , remained still at large 1952 # 36 ( six years ) , James Eddie Diggs , remained still at large 1954 # 78 ( four years ) , David Daniel Keegan , remained still at large 1955 # 83 ( three years ) , Flenoy Payne , arrested March 11 , 1958 1955 # 87 ( three years ) , Daniel William O'Connor , apprehended December 26 , 1958 1956 # 97 ( two years ) , Eugene Francis Newman , remained still at large 1956 # 98 ( two years ) , Carmine DiBiase , surrendered August 28 , 1958 1957 # 99 ( one year ) , Ben Golden McCollum , arrested March 7 , 1958 1957 # 102 ( one year ) , George Edward Cole , remained still at large But that situation was soon to change , as the FBI began one of its most productive years ever in 1958 , in terms of removing long-timers from the top Ten list . In all , a full half of the list , five long-time Fugitives , were removed from the list during 1958 . Also notable in 1958 , the longest wanted Fugitive , Henry Randolph Mitchell , # 4 from the original list of Ten published in 1950 , after eight years at large , became the first Top Tenner to ever be removed for reason other than capture or death . Mitchell became one of a series of longstanding top Ten Fugitives whose time on the list simply outlived their initial criteria for having been listed . In the case of Mitchell , his charges were finally dropped by a court in 1958 , and so the FBI also dropped him from the top Ten list with the justification that his `` process was dismissed . '' In many of the subsequent such removals , a top Ten Fugitive remained a fugitive from justice , yet was simply removed from the FBI top Ten list when the FBI determined that the original criteria were no longer being met for the top Ten listing . With the removal of so many long-time top ten fugitives in 1958 , the FBI once again began a series of turnover of many new Fugitives , adding a full half dozen new names to the list by year end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3c731533d9e3552e0af6af4fb2bed64", "text": "Thunder and Lightning (film) Thunder and Lightning is a 1977 action comedy film starring David Carradine and Kate Jackson and directed by Corey Allen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b923c39acd7698087028740ef24a0613", "text": "Danny Greene Daniel John Patrick `` Danny '' Greene ( November 14 , 1933 -- October 6 , 1977 ) was an Irish American mobster and associate of Cleveland mobster John Nardi during the gang war for the city 's criminal operations during the 1970s . Competing gangsters set off more than 35 bombs , most attached to cars in murder attempts , many successful . Greene had gained power first in a local chapter of the International Longshoremen 's Association , where he was elected president in the early 1960s . Greene pushed into Cleveland rackets and began competing with the Italian-American Mafia for control of the city . He set up his own group called the Celtic Club , complete with enforcers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fc600294db65e789c27104dbe1eaa76", "text": "Cloud Dancer Cloud Dancer is a 1980 aviation drama film directed by Barry Brown . The film stars David Carradine , Jennifer O'Neill and Joseph Bottoms . Cloud Dancer follows a competition aerobatic pilot throughout his show season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed5fd70b1c144cd2777ee98900540db", "text": "Forced confession A forced confession is a confession obtained by a suspect or a prisoner under means of torture ( including enhanced interrogation techniques ) or other forms of duress . Depending on the level of coercion used , a forced confession is not valid in revealing the truth . The person being interrogated may agree to the story presented to him or even make up falsehoods himself in order to satisfy the interrogator and discontinue his suffering . For centuries the Latin phrase `` Confessio est regina probationum '' ( In English : Confession is the Queen of evidence ) justified the use of forced confession in the European legal system . When especially during the Middle Ages acquiring a confession was the most important thing during preparations before a trial , than the method used to get the confession seemed irrelevant , de facto sanctioning the use of torture to extract forced confession . By the late 18th century , most scholars and lawyers thought of the forced confession not only as a relic of past times and morally wrong but also ineffective as the victim of torture may confess to anything just to ease his suffering . Developments in the 20th century , notably the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , greatly reduced the legal acceptance of forced confessions . However , for most of legal history they have been accepted in most of the world , and are still accepted in some jurisdictions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78f63dae9c339cb20e6b8005250061c1", "text": "The Verona Trial Il processo di Verona ( internationally released as The Verona Trial ) is a 1963 Italian historical drama film directed by Carlo Lizzani . The film tells of the final phases of the Italian fascist regime , in particular the affair of the 1944 Verona trial , in which Galeazzo Ciano , Emilio De Bono and other eminent Fascist officials were sentenced to death and almost immediately executed by a shooting detachment . For her portrayal of Edda Mussolini-Ciano , Silvana Mangano won the two major Italian film awards , the David di Donatello for Best Actress and the Silver Ribbon in the same category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1adcda4b6a5cb6225133cd1865ee8b", "text": "Byron Sonne Byron Sonne is a Canadian activist who was wrongly accused of planning to bomb the Toronto G20 Summit in 2010 . He was charged with possessing explosives and counseling mischief , later to be acquitted of all charges on May 15 , 2012 , putting an end to his two-year ordeal . Sonne was a self proclaimed troubleshooter and was trying to find weaknesses and points of vulnerability in the G20 security systems when he was arrested . The incident created an outrage and started a debate regarding whether citizens have the right to goad their government and just how far one can push the boundaries of civil liberties . He was arrested on June 22 , 2010 and was charged with possession of explosives and dangerous weapons , intimidating justice officials and mischief . By the time the case got to trial , all counts were dropped except the four counts of explosives possession and one of `` counseling mischief not committed . '' He remained behind bars for 11 months before finally being granted bail . His wife , Kristen Peterson , was arrested two days after him and charged with weapons and explosives offenses ; she was let out on soon after , and charges against her were also dropped seven months later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35af0c77bbea6d0db77159daefdd3075", "text": "Duquesne Spy Ring The Duquesne Spy Ring is the largest espionage case in United States history that ended in convictions . A total of 33 members of a German espionage network headed by Frederick `` Fritz '' Joubert Duquesne were convicted after a lengthy investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) . Of those indicted , 19 pleaded guilty . The remaining 14 were brought to jury trial in Federal District Court , Brooklyn , New York , on September 3 , 1941 ; all were found guilty on December 13 , 1941 . On January 2 , 1942 , the group was sentenced to serve a total of over 300 years in prison . The agents who formed the Duquesne Ring were placed in key jobs in the United States to get information that could be used in the event of war and to carry out acts of sabotage : one opened a restaurant and used his position to get information from his customers ; another worked on an airline so that he could report Allied ships that were crossing the Atlantic Ocean ; others worked as delivery people so they could deliver secret messages alongside mundane ones . William G. Sebold , who had been blackmailed into becoming a spy for Germany , became a double agent and helped the FBI gather evidence . For nearly two years , the FBI ran a shortwave radio station in New York for the ring . They learned what information Germany was sending its spies in the United States and controlled what was sent to Germany . Sebold 's success as a counterespionage agent was demonstrated by the successful prosecution of the German agents . One German spymaster later commented the ring 's roundup delivered `` the death blow '' to their espionage efforts in the United States . FBI director J. Edgar Hoover called his concerted FBI swoop on Duquesne 's ring the greatest spy roundup in U.S. history . The 1945 film The House on 92nd Street was a thinly disguised version of the Duquesne Spy Ring saga of 1941 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fd666059a1475c42e531a3b54b3dbcd", "text": "Death Warrant (film) Death Warrant is a 1990 American action crime mystery-thriller film directed by Deran Sarafian and produced by Mark DiSalle . The film was written by David S. Goyer while a student at USC , and was Goyer 's first screenplay to be sold and produced commercially . In the film , the police detective Louis Burke is going into a prison facility at California as an undercover cop in order to find out who stands behind a mysterious series of murders , and finds himself locked up with his arch-nemesis ; Christian Naylor , a psychotic serial killer who calls himself `` The Sandman '' whom sets out to exact revenge upon him after getting into prison . Death Warrant was released on September 14 , 1990 . Upon its release , the film grossed $ 46 million against production budget of only $ 6 million . The film received general mixed to poor critical reaction from critics who found the direction , its storyline , villain , and the plot poor , but highly praised the acting as well as the action scenes and the thrilling atmosphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8a1671b789bd7000129a15ccae4133c", "text": "David Wayne Hull David Wayne Hull is a leader of the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan , which is considered the most militant as well as the most violent Ku Klux Klan in history . Hull was indicted in March 2003 for , witness tampering , and instructing persons on procedures for creating destructive devices . Hull threatened minorities and workers and patients at abortion clinics . He had built and detonated improvised explosive devices ( IEDs ) during KKK events , and was recorded instructing individuals on how to place IEDs to cause maximum damage . A jury in western Pennsylvania convicted Hull on seven counts of a ten-count indictment . On February 25 , 2005 , he was sentenced to 12 years in prison , followed by three years of probation . Hull 's criminal record dates back to 1994 . He was arrested by the Pittsburgh Joint Terrorism Task Force , which consists of federal , state and local law enforcement agencies . According to the Southern Poverty Law Center , Hull published a newsletter in which he urged readers to write Timothy McVeigh `` to tell this great man goodbye . '' The Anti-Defamation League , wrote that , in July 2002 , Hull attended the neo-Nazi `` Aryan Nations World Congress '' and he is a follower of Christian Identity , `` a racist and anti-Semitic sect whose adherents believe that white people are God 's chosen people , descended from the lost tribes of ancient Israel , and that minorities are soulless `` mud peoples . '' '' In 2003 , during an FBI `` sting operation '' Hull said he wanted grenades to be used to `` blow up '' abortion clinics . He was subsequently arrested . Hull 's conviction was reversed in part when the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ruled possession of a pipe bomb in and of itself did not constitute a federal `` crime of violence '' . Hull was released from federal prison in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8713a91e56d5a2eef96f2f365288ac97", "text": "The Secret Policeman's Ball 2008 The Secret Policeman 's Ball 2008 was a show in the Secret Policeman 's Balls series of benefit shows for Amnesty International . In July 2008 , Amnesty announced that it would present another show in its long-running series Like its 2006 predecessor the show was a single-night live event at London 's Royal Albert Hall , on Saturday 4 October 2008 . In common with other recent Amnesty benefit shows , the majority of the performers were British ( or UK-based ) and well-known primarily only in Great Britain , the one Canadian comedian Russell Peters appeared via a pre-recorded video-tape . Performers who were listed to perform were : Frank Skinner Alan Carr Graham Norton Sean Lock Kristen Schaal Fearne Cotton Matt Berry Katherine Parkinson Mitchell and Webb Jason Manford Shappi Khorsandi Russell Howard Russell Peters ( via video-tape ) Katy Brand Tim Minchin Sarah Millican Kayvan Novak Meera Syal Sean Williamson Sharon Horgan Nick Mohammed Dan Clark David Armand Eddie Izzard Ed Byrne Deborah Meaden Jon Culshaw Gok Wan Michael Fenton Stevens Keane Razorlight The 3-hour event was video-taped and a 95-minute television special adapted from the show was broadcast the following day , Sunday 5 October 2008 , on Britain 's Channel Four . There was also a `` cinecast '' in which the Royal Albert Hall event was shown live in 35 cinemas in major British cities . It was also available live in 4 cinemas in Australia . The `` cinecast '' was available in cinemas in six of Canada 's thirteen provinces and territories . The Cineplex cinema chain made the film available on 50 of its 1,317 screens , however Amnesty and Cineplex did not announce the Canadian `` cinecast '' until Wednesday October 1 2008 , just three days before the screenings which did not allow time for the event to be effectively promoted in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca9ffbf508225055c2a7271d3cfc8784", "text": "David Carr (journalist) David Michael Carr ( September 8 , 1956 February 12 , 2015 ) was an American writer , columnist , and author . He wrote the Media Equation column and covered culture for The New York Times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d18dcd6891ac49b0de124edf7f2756b", "text": "David Mahonski David Allen Mahonski ( May 27 , 1958 - November 28 , 1992 ) was an electrician from Williamsport , Pennsylvania who was shot by a White House guard on 15 March 1984 . The 25-year-old had been under FBI surveillance for making threats against then-president Ronald Reagan . He had been warned to stay away from the White House by United States Secret Service officers in the months leading up to the shooting . On the day of the shooting he was noticed in front of the south grounds of the White House by security agents who then approached him . He pulled a sawed-off shotgun from beneath his coat , and one of the agents shot him in the arm with a revolver . He was subsequently arrested . He was arraigned on March 16 , and scheduled for a psychiatric evaluation which later detected 'em otional problems . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e0c1f26cdab6ea662ffbc23e07aa96e", "text": "Sentencing Act of 1987 The Sentencing Act of 1987 ( Pub.L . 100-182 ) enacted some changes to the federal sentencing regime in the United States . The legislation amended to permit expressly departures based on circumstances of an exceptional `` kind '' or `` degree . '' The insertion of this new language was described by the manager of the House bill , Representative John Conyers , as `` clarifying '' in nature because it simply made explicit in the law that which was previously described in the Senate Committee Report as implicit and intended . There is evidence that under the new regime , sentences may not have increased as much as expected : although the average prison term for trial sentences increases post‐reforms , there is no systematic increase in the average length of the pleas . Additionally , the law abolished parole for federal prisoners and created the United States Sentencing Commission . The commission makes the guidelines used by federal judges when sentencing people convicted of a federal crime . The bill was introduced by Senator Joseph Biden on October 27 , 1987 . It was signed into law on December 7 , 1987 , by President Ronald Reagan .", "title": "" } ]	fever
40ba6db857b89e006e81e8e70a1dd5ac	Paleogene is a geologic system that spans 43 million years.	[ { "docid": "9ddf8469c94576afbedffd87d1b745ce", "text": "Paleogene The Paleogene ( -LSB- pronˈpæliːədʒiːn -RSB- or -LSB- ˈpeɪliːədʒiːn -RSB- also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene ; informally Lower Tertiary ) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya ) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Mya . It is the beginning of the Cenozoic Era of the present Phanerozoic Eon . The Paleogene is most notable for being the time during which mammals diversified from relatively small , simple forms into a large group of diverse animals in the wake of the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event that ended the preceding Cretaceous Period . This period consists of the Paleocene , Eocene and Oligocene epochs . The end of the Paleocene ( 55.5 / 54.8 Mya ) was marked by the Paleocene -- Eocene Thermal Maximum , one of the most significant periods of global change during the Cenozoic , which upset oceanic and atmospheric circulation and led to the extinction of numerous deep-sea benthic foraminifera and on land , a major turnover in mammals . The terms ` Paleogene System ' ( formal ) and ` lower Tertiary System ' ( informal ) are applied to the rocks deposited during the ` Paleogene Period ' . The somewhat confusing terminology seems to be due to attempts to deal with the comparatively fine subdivisions of time possible in the relatively recent geologic past , for which more details are preserved . By dividing the Tertiary Period into two periods instead of directly into five epochs , the periods are more closely comparable to the duration of ` periods ' of the preceding Mesozoic and Paleozoic Eras .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0397749a1275df1cbda56440209a26f9", "text": "Cernay Formation The Cernay Formation is a geologic formation in France . It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2f746f195cdb6b28ff3ff33b67e04f5", "text": "Asselian In the geologic timescale , the Asselian is the earliest geochronologic age or lowermost chronostratigraphic stage of the Permian . It is a subdivision of the Cisuralian epoch or series . The Asselian lasted between and million years ago ( Ma ) . It was preceded by the Gzhelian ( the latest or uppermost subdivision in the Carboniferous ) and followed by the Sakmarian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29030b0f672686c7ae349a7148919c71", "text": "Early Paleo-Eskimo The Early Paleoeskimo is one of three distinct periods of human occupation recognized by archaeologists in the eastern North American Arctic , the others being the Late Paleoeskimo and the Thule . Dates for these occupations vary according to specific geographic region and cultural historical perspective , but it is generally agreed that the first , the Early Paleoeskimo , spans roughly 4500 Before Present ( BP ) to 28-2300 BP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0c7a84d9e2112fa3099db981b9be3fc", "text": "Seguin Formation The Seguin Formation is a geologic formation in Texas . It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd9e8702e35af81920fadde829ef4b95", "text": "Geological formation A formation or geological formation is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy . A formation consists of a certain number of rock strata that have a comparable lithology , facies or other similar properties . Formations are not defined on the thickness of the rock strata they consist of and the thickness of different formations can therefore vary widely . The concept of formally defined layers or strata is central to the geologic discipline of stratigraphy . Formations can be divided into members and are themselves frequently parcelled together in groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c848d006d7a5dedf4330e25189d671b", "text": "Sadler effect The Sadler effect describes variation in apparent sediment accumulation rates and bed thicknesses back through time inherent to the geological sedimentary record . Peter Sadler analysed what structure you would expect in a stratigraphic section under the hypothesis that bigger geological events - episodes of deposition , erosion , and the gaps between those events - are rarer . He showed that under these conditions it is inevitable that , on average , thinner stratigraphic sections , which cover shorter amounts of time , record faster accumulation rates than thicker sections , which record longer amounts of time . The effect equivalently states that more ancient packages of sediment in the stratigraphic record will record slower sedimentation rates stretched over longer periods of time . For instance , it explains the fact that in general , the more ancient geological periods of the Phanerozoic are longer than the more recent ones ; i.e. , the periods of the Palaeozoic are much longer than those in the Cenozoic . Conversely , it also explains that the maximum sediment accumulation rates seen in the Cambrian at the start of the Phanerozoic are almost two orders of magnitude lower than those observed in the Quaternary , at its end . The Sadler effect provides a powerful framework for understanding how information extracted from any given stratigraphic section differs from what should be expected under constant conditions - that is , it provides a null hypothesis for analysing stratigraphy . It also provides techniques to estimate the completeness of a given stratigraphic section on a given timescale . Sections are less complete at shorter timescales , which means that at sufficiently short timescales and for some purposes , some sedimentary successions may contain essentially no useful information . For example , the Sadler effect has since been used to investigate whether apparent increases in global sedimentation rates across the last 5 Ma are real ; how we might read the record of sediments deposited on continental margins ; to interpret fluvial processes such as river avulsion ; and to understand what information , and which processes at what timescales , can be preserved in sediments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e12e59707c3771d0fe2ab1b4bdcf68b3", "text": "South American land mammal age The South American land mammal ages ( SALMA ) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Ma during the Paleogene and continuing through to the Middle Pleistocene ( 0.33 Ma ) . These periods are referred to as ages , stages , or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained . The basic unit of measure is the first/last boundary statement . This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another . If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon , then their age-range zones overlap .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bae147e6924fd3ca9a56293b4e69c20b", "text": "Geology of South Wales South Wales is an area with many features of outstanding interest to geologists , who have for long used the area for University field trips . This varied and accessible region has provided a written record of geological interest that dates to the 12th century , when Giraldus Cambrensis noted pyritous shales near Newport . Some of the first published representations of fossils were of fossil plants from coal measures near Neath ( Gibson late 17th century ) . The British geologists Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison did fundamentally important work in South Wales on Old Red Sandstone and the underlying rocks . The first volume of memoirs ( 1846 ) published by the Geological Survey contained a conspectus of the geology of South Wales that set a template for all future work . Significant discoveries continue to be made . For instance , in Carmarthenshire , in the late 70s , John Cope detected a small area of Precambrian and Cambrian rocks . Other parts of South Wales , however , have not seen a Geological Survey officer since the mid-19th century . The geology of south Wales was central to the massive contribution Wales made to the Industrial Revolution . Several successive periods are represented , including all of the Palaeozoic periods . Pembrokeshire has outcrops of both Precambrian and Cambrian ( 542-488 million years ago ) rocks . A notable feature of the Ordovician system ( 488-444 million years old ) is a major subsidence area , or basin , which later filled with substantial thicknesses of mostly sandy and muddy sediment . The line of the shallower continental shelf area , to the south-east , ran approximately from the Long Mynd ( in Shropshire ) to Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire . Some volcanic action also occurred . This thick sedimentary deposition continued into the Silurian period ( 444-416 million years old ) . Silurian volcanicity led to production of lavas at localised sites such as Skomer Island . Silurian rocks are widely distributed in south Wales and are well displayed on the Cardiganshire coast . The Silurian and earlier rocks were folded , faulted , and distorted several times , notably during the late Ordovician , and late Silurian , by which time the area had begun to rise above sea level as mountain ranges were uplifted to the north-west . This was caused by the collision of a proto-North America ( `` Laurentia '' ) and the present southern Britain ( `` Eastern Avalonia '' ) . The intervening sea , the Iapetus Ocean , closed as a result of plate tectonic movements , similar to those that now close the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Africa . The succeeding Devonian period ( 416-359 million years ago ) saw mostly alluvial deposits ( `` Old Red Sandstone '' ) , which were interrupted by major uplift . Following this , the land subsided again in the Carboniferous period ( 359-299 million years ago ) . In the early Carboniferous period , limestones were deposited on a continental shelf , which deepened towards the south where there was a major sea area . During earth movements caused by the approach of a continent from the south , sea shallowing led to thick alluvial and coastal plain sediments ( see below ) containing economic developments of coal . Carboniferous Limestone outcrops occur in south Pembrokeshire , the Gower Peninsula , the Vale of Glamorgan and around the edge of the coalfield . At the end of the Carboniferous , during Permian ( 299-251 my ago ) time , Wales is thought to have been a landmass . Only in late Triassic ( 251-200 my ago ) times did deposition return , with coarse-grained screes forming around a series of low but rugged hills . Continuing deposition led to the formation of the early Jurassic deposits of mudstones and muddy limestones ( the `` Lias '' ) . Deposits later than this are almost completely absent , although the Chalk sea probably covered most of Wales between 100 and 66 million years ago . Any such later deposits have been eroded away . One of the geological rarities of south Wales is the coastline of St Brides Major at Ogmore-by-Sea and Southerndown . Its cliffs are composed partly of earliest Jurassic Sutton stone , a rare freestone that is a marginal or coastal deposit derived in part from erosion of carboniferous limestone . Sutton stone has always been highly regarded : as well as being used in construction throughout the Vale of Glamorgan , it was also shipped over the Bristol Channel to North Devon and North Cornwall , which are both deficient in limestone . A major geological feature of the Upper Carboniferous rocks in south Wales is the south Wales coalfield . The rocks comprising this important area were laid down during the later Carboniferous . This sedimentary succession includes a sequence with a thickness of more than 1800 m in the west . The coal measures were laid down on a low-lying waterlogged plain with peat mires immediately south of an ancient and persistent geological feature known as the Wales-London-Brabant High . Burial converted the peat deposits to thinner coal seams . Later earth movements distorted the coal-bearing strata , and the difficulty of mining led to premature closure of many mines on economic grounds , especially in Pembrokeshire where seams were squeezed completely out of shape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb4e9b5c54cd34cc302b8e77f8521b6a", "text": "Tertiary Tertiary is the former term for the geologic period from 65 million to 2.58 million years ago , a time span that lies between the superseded Secondary period and the Quaternary . The Tertiary is no longer recognized as a formal unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy , but the word is still widely used . The traditional span of the Tertiary has been divided between the Paleogene and Neogene Periods and extends to the first stage of the Pleistocene Epoch , the Gelasian stage . The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event , at the start of the Cenozoic Era , and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "807c1f031c7c4d41e63df5278fa3b66d", "text": "Gzhelian The Gzhelian is an age in the ICS geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column . It is the youngest stage of the Pennsylvanian , the youngest subsystem of the Carboniferous . The Gzhelian lasted from to Ma . It follows the Kasimovian age/stage and is followed by the Asselian age/stage , the oldest subdivision of the Permian system . The Gzhelian is more or less coeval with the Stephanian stage of the regional stratigraphy of Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4caf1805993ab43b951b72fd123e9fad", "text": "Illinoian (stage) The Illinoian Stage is the name used by Quaternary geologists in North America to designate the period c. 191,000 to c. 130,000 years ago , during the middle Pleistocene , when sediments comprising the Illinoian Glacial Lobe were deposited . It precedes the Sangamonian stage and follows the Pre-Illinoian Stage in North America . The Illinoian Stage is defined as the period of geologic time during which the glacial tills and outwash , which comprise the bulk of the Glasford Formation , accumulated to create the Illinoian Glacial Lobe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ad676fa7e865146d8f1ece5c4657218", "text": "Paleopathology Paleopathology , also spelled palaeopathology , is the study of ancient diseases . Studying pathologies , these abnormalities in biologic individuals and systems , may be intrinsic to the system itself ( examples : autoimmune disorders or traumatic arthritis ) or caused by an extrinsic factor ( examples : viruses or lead poisoning from pipes ) . Any living organism can have a pathology . Studies have historically focused on humans , but there is no evidence that humans are more prone to pathologies than any other animal . Paleopathology is an interdisciplinary science . The majority of the work has historically been done by anthropologists studying diseases in ancient cultures . Medically trained professionals have also made substantial contributions , especially in modern comparative studies . Paleontologists have sporadically contributed to the field , focusing on non-avian dinosaurs and Cenozoic mammals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "194e96a18e49bcb76706afeebb9ca977", "text": "Hordaland Formation The Hordaland Formation is a geologic formation in Norway . It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "971f03494fca0bd9fc5740f387f2e786", "text": "Clayton Formation The Clayton Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois . It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d6e401c87eff33f508143313a9b2222", "text": "Coal forest Coal forests were the vast swathes of wetlands that covered much of the Earth 's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian ) and Permian times . As vegetable matter from these forests decayed , enormous deposits of peat accumulated , which later changed into coal . Much of the carbon in the peat deposits produced by coal forests came from photosynthetic splitting of existing carbon dioxide , which released the accompanying split-off oxygen into the atmosphere . This process may have greatly increased the oxygen level , possibly as high as about 35 % , making the air more easily breathable by animals with inefficient respiratory systems , as indicated by the size of Meganeura compared to modern dragonflies . Coal forests covered tropical Euramerica ( Europe , eastern North America , northwesternmost Africa ) and Cathaysia ( mainly China ) . Climate change devastated these tropical rainforests during the Carboniferous period . The Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse was caused by a cooler drier climate that initially fragmented , then collapsed the rainforest ecosystem . During most of the rest of Carboniferous times , the coal forests were mainly restricted to refugia in North America ( such as the Appalachian and Illinois coal basins ) and central Europe . At the very end of the Carboniferous period , the coal forests underwent a resurgence , expanding mainly in eastern Asia , notably China ; they never recovered fully in Euramerica . The Chinese coal forests continued to flourish well into Permian times . This resurgence of the coal forests in very late Carboniferous times seems to have coincided with a lowering of global temperatures and a return of extensive polar ice in southern Gondwana , perhaps due to lessening of the greenhouse effect as the massive coal deposition process abstracted carbon dioxide from the atmosphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34bae3e1a91ebb2cbf01b4980c79e2e7", "text": "Arikareean The Arikareean North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology ( NALMA ) , typically set from 30,600,000 to 20,800,000 years BP , a period of . It is usually considered to overlap the Oligocene and Miocene epochs . The Arikareean is preceded by the Whitneyan and followed by the Hemingfordian NALMA stages . The Arikareean can be further divided into the substages of : late Late Arikareean : Lower boundary source , base of Geringian ( approximate ) early Late Arikareean : base of Geringian ( approximate ) . Upper boundary source : base of Hemingfordian ( approximate ) . late Early Arikareean : Lower boundary source of base of Geringian ( approximate ) . Upper boundary source of base of Hemingfordian ( approximate ) . early Early Arikareean ( shares lower boundary ) : Upper boundary source of base of Hemingfordian ( approximate ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59bddcade99df657d53f799120cc38ac", "text": "Paleogenetics Paleogenetics is the study of the past through the examination of preserved genetic material from the remains of ancient organisms . Emile Zuckerkandl and the physical chemist Linus Carl Pauling introduced the term `` paleogenetics '' in 1963 , in reference to the examination of possible applications in the reconstruction of past polypeptide sequences . The first sequence of an ancient DNA , isolated from a museum specimen of the extinct quagga , was published in 1984 by a team led by Allan Wilson . Paleogeneticists do not recreate actual organisms , but piece together ancient DNA sequences using various analytical methods . In many ways , an organism 's genetics are `` the only direct witnesses of extinct species and of evolutionary events '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "830639ddcf14735c22e8d338f7fdc770", "text": "Chronology of the universe The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology . The metric expansion of space is estimated to have begun 13.8 billion years ago . For the purposes of this summary , it is convenient to divide the chronology of the universe into four parts : The very early universe , from the Planck epoch until the cosmic inflation , or the first picosecond of cosmic time ; this period is the domain of active theoretical research , currently beyond the grasp of most experiments in particle physics . The early universe , from the Quark epoch to the Photon epoch , or the first 380,000 years of cosmic time , when the familiar forces and elementary particles have emerged but the universe remains in the state of a plasma , followed by the `` Dark Ages '' , from 380,000 years to about 150 million years during which the universe was transparent but no large-scale structures had yet formed . The period of large-scale structure formation , including stellar evolution , galaxy formation and evolution and the formation of galaxy clusters and superclusters , from about 150 million years to present , and prospectively until about 100 billion years of cosmic time ; The thin disk of our galaxy began to form at about 5 billion years . The solar system formed at about 4.6 billion years ago , with the earliest traces of life on Earth emerging by about 3.5 billion years ago . The far future , after cessation of stellar formation , with various scenarios for the ultimate fate of the universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "777e48ee0c6f05c2118df099094742b2", "text": "Group (stratigraphy) A group in stratigraphy is a lithostratigraphic unit , a part of the geologic record or rock column that consists of defined rock strata . Groups are generally divided into individual formations . Groups may sometimes be divided into `` subgroups '' and are themselves sometimes grouped into `` supergroups '' . Some well known groups of northwestern Europe have in the past also been used as units for chronostratigraphy and geochronology . These are the Rotliegend , Zechstein ( both of Permian age ) , Buntsandstein , Muschelkalk , Keuper ( Triassic in age ) , Lias , Dogger and Malm ( Jurassic in age ) groups . Because of the confusion this causes , the official geologic timescale of the ICS does not contain any of these names any longer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3cbf84d00d4969ced60e41fe95e4fb1", "text": "Ordovician–Silurian extinction events The Ordovician -- Silurian extinction events , when combined , are the second-largest of the five major extinction events in Earth 's history in terms of percentage of genera that became extinct . This event greatly affected marine communities , which caused the disappearance of one third of all brachiopod and bryozoan families , as well as numerous groups of conodonts , trilobites , and graptolites . The Ordovician-Silurian extinction occurred during the Hirnantian stage of the Ordovician Period and the subsequent Rhuddanian stage of the Silurian Period . The last event is dated in the interval of 455 -- 430 Ma ago , i.e. , lasting from the Middle Ordovician to Early Silurian , thus including the extinction period . This event was the first of the big five Phanerozoic events and was the first to significantly affect animal-based communities . Almost all major taxonomic groups were affected during this extinction event . Extinction was global during this period , eliminating 49-60 % of marine genera and nearly 85 % of marine species . Brachiopods , bivalves , echinoderms , bryozoans and corals were particularly affected . Prior to the late Ordovician cooling , temperatures were relatively warm and it is the suddenness of the climate changes and the elimination of habitats due to sea-level fall that are believed to have precipitated the extinctions . The falling sea level disrupted or eliminated habitats along the continental shelves . Evidence for the glaciation was found through deposits in the Sahara Desert . A combination of lowering of sea level and glacially driven cooling were likely driving agents for the Ordovician mass extinction .", "title": "" } ]	fever
46739555c76279c7d674af1beef57bfc	Caitlyn Jenner's name and gender change became official in September 2015.	[ { "docid": "085d312306831bd3ef3f097e96838461", "text": "Caitlyn Jenner Caitlyn Marie Jenner ( born October 28 , 1949 ) , formerly known as Bruce Jenner , is an American television personality and retired Olympic gold medal-winning decathlete . Jenner was a college football player for the Graceland Yellowjackets before incurring a knee injury that required surgery . Coach L. D. Weldon , who had coached Olympic decathlete Jack Parker , convinced Jenner to try the decathlon . After intense training , Jenner won the 1976 Olympics decathlon event at the Montreal Olympic Games , gaining fame as `` an all-American hero '' . Jenner set a third successive world record while winning the Olympics . The winner of the Olympic decathlon is traditionally given the unofficial title of `` world 's greatest athlete '' . With that stature , Jenner subsequently established a career in television , film , writing , auto racing , business and as a Playgirl cover model . Jenner has six children from marriages to wives Chrystie Crownover , Linda Thompson , and Kris Jenner . Since 2007 , Jenner has appeared on the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians with Kris , their daughters Kendall and Kylie Jenner , and step-children Kourtney , Kim , Khloé , and Rob Kardashian . Previously identifying publicly as male , Jenner revealed her identity as a trans woman in April 2015 , publicly announcing her name change from Bruce to Caitlyn in a July 2015 Vanity Fair cover story . Her name and gender change became official on September 25 , 2015 . She has been called the most famous openly transgender woman in the world . From 2015 to 2016 , Jenner starred in the reality television series I Am Cait , which focused on her gender transition .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ff80104d7b5f2ddb28036db7d7028d01", "text": "Hormones: The Series Hormones ( Full title : Hormones Wai Wawun , from วัยว้าวุ่น ) , promoted as Hormones : The Series , is a Thai teen drama television series produced by GTH and first broadcast in 2013 . The show follows the lives and relationships of a group of secondary school students as they go through school and home life and face various issues . Breaking the mould of Thai television , which typically features Thai soap operas and sitcoms , Hormones was conceived with a style more commonly found in the U.S. and production values more usually associated with filmmaking . It also distinguished itself by featuring controversial issues such as teenage sex and pregnancy , homosexuality and school violence . The series ' first season was directed by Songyos Sugmakanan , and was broadcast on satellite channel GMM One and online from May to August 2013 . The series was positively received and , despite not being shown on free-to-air terrestrial television and being criticized for its content , proved extremely popular , prompting the creation of a second season . Directed by Kriangkrai Vachiratamporn , the second season began broadcasting in July 2014 . In September 2015 , Hormones 3 : The Final Season began broadcasting . The episodes of the final season were also released in the GTH 's official channel with official English subtitles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed0071482bbfb4a5b13c38c263d3d2ec", "text": "2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 . Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show . One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b2de18ee60d25fe579db7451e9ee116", "text": "Ice & Coco Ice & Coco is an American syndicated entertainment talk show hosted by Ice-T and Coco Austin . The series premiered on August 3 , 2015 , and received a three-week test run .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b46c044d583a299294a08494b95b6949", "text": "Maggie Gallagher Margaret Gallagher ( born September 14 , 1960 ) , better known by her working name Maggie Gallagher , is an American writer and socially conservative commentator . She wrote a syndicated column for Universal Press Syndicate from 1995 to 2013 and has written books . She serves as president of the Institute for Marriage and Public Policy , a nonprofit organization which lobbies on issues of marriage law . She is an executive committee member , former president and former chairman of the board of the National Organization for Marriage , which opposes same-sex marriage and other legal recognition of same-sex partnerships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2661a0d3777fe91688a3d4ed62228424", "text": "Let's Move! Flash Workout Let 's Move ! Flash Workout initiative by Beyoncé Knowles is a part of a larger Let 's Move ! campaign to end childhood obesity in the United States . The campaign was started by First Lady Michelle Obama . The Let 's Move ! Initiative has the goal of `` solving the challenge of childhood obesity within a generation so that children born today will reach adulthood at a healthy weight '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c585bae61b24845bf50c44627324ef1", "text": "Westwood One News Westwood One News is a radio news network operated by Westwood One through its parent company Cumulus Media . It launched on January 1 , 2015 . It provides radio stations with hourly newscasts delivered by Westwood One anchors as well as voiced reports that can be individually used by member stations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cc3c7508b6f49d213161a87cdbe3fc9", "text": "Say Her Name #SayHerName is a social movement that seeks to raise awareness for black female victims of police brutality and anti-Black violence in the United States . #SayHerName aims to change the public perception that victims of police brutality and anti-Black violence are predominantly male by highlighting the gender-specific ways in which black women , particularly black queer women and black transgender women , are disproportionately affected by fatal acts of racial injustice . In an effort to create a large social media presence alongside existing racial justice campaigns , such as #BlackLivesMatter and #BlackGirlsMatter , the African American Policy Forum ( AAPF ) coined the hashtag #SayHerName in February 2015 . In May 2015 , the AAPF released a report entitled `` Say Her Name : Resisting Police Brutality against Black Women , '' which outlined the goals and objectives of the #SayHerName movement . Following Sandra Bland 's fatal encounter with police in July 2015 , the AAPF , in conjunction with the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School and Soros Justice Fellow , Andrea Ritchie , issued an updated version of the original report . The updated version includes a description of the circumstances surrounding Bland 's death , as well as several accounts detailing recent incidents of police-instigated violence against black women , including Tanisha Anderson and Rekia Boyd . In addition to these accounts , the report provides an analytical framework for understanding black women 's susceptibility to police brutality and state-sanctioned violence , as well as offers some suggestions on how to effectively mobilize various communities and empower them to advocate for racial justice . Drawing from the AAPF report , the #SayHerName movement strives to address the invisibilization of black women within mainstream media and , more specifically , the #BlackLivesMatter movement . Of the movement 's many agendas , one includes commemorating the women who have lost their lives due to police brutality and anti-Black violence . To advance this agenda , the AAPF , along with twenty local sponsors and the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School , organized a vigil on May 20 , 2015 , in New York City , where dozens gathered to demand that the public no longer ignore black women 's struggles against gendered , racialized violence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a66f7a62a8f2d0967639e12e561ee86d", "text": "2015 New Year Honours The New Year Honours 2015 were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries . The New Year Honours are awarded as part of the New Year celebrations at the start of January . The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour . They are arranged by the country ( in order of precedence ) whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments , then by honour with grades , i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross , Knight/Dame Commander etc. , and then by divisions , i.e. Civil , Diplomatic and Military as appropriate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c584d167e9ac266a47926e04a842f961", "text": "2015 Dally M Awards The 2015 Dally M Awards were presented on Monday 28 September 2015 at Sydney 's Star Casino and was broadcast on Fox Sports . They are the official annual awards of the National Rugby League and are named after Dally Messenger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f57583a1204ffb9fb260591f3f75485", "text": "Hillary Clinton email controversy In March 2015 , it became publicly known that Hillary Clinton , during her tenure as United States Secretary of State , had used her family 's private email server for official communications , rather than official State Department email accounts maintained on federal servers . Those official communications included thousands of emails that would retroactively be marked classified by the State Department . The controversy unfolded against the backdrop of Clinton 's 2016 presidential election campaign and hearings held by the United States House Select Committee on Benghazi . Some experts , officials , and members of Congress have contended that her use of private messaging system software and a private server violated State Department protocols and procedures , as well as federal laws and regulations governing recordkeeping . In response , Clinton has said that her use of personal email was in compliance with federal laws and State Department regulations , and that former secretaries of state had also maintained personal email accounts , though not their own private email servers . After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question contained classified information , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) initiated an investigation regarding the origin and handling of classified emails on Clinton 's server . The FBI Report found that some of the emails originated in five other intelligence agencies . The FBI found that all classified emails on Clinton 's server were stored and sent from `` unclassified systems '' , violating the same policies as those on Clinton 's personal server . FBI Director James Comey identified 110 emails as containing information that was classified at the time it was sent , including 65 emails deemed `` Secret '' and 22 deemed `` Top Secret '' . None of these had classification markings . However , as noted in Clinton 's non-disclosure agreement , unmarked classified information should be treated the same as marked classified information . An additional three email chains contained `` portion markings '' , simply a '' ( C ) '' indicating `` Confidential '' in front of one or more paragraphs . These were not included in Comey 's list of 110 because the State Department failed to confirm they were classified at the time they were sent . Clinton told the FBI she did not know the meaning of '' ( C ) '' . Nearly 2,100 emails on the server were retroactively marked as classified by the State Department . In May 2016 , the State Department 's Office of the Inspector General released an 83-page report about the State Department 's email practices , including Clinton 's . On July 5 , 2016 , Comey announced that the FBI 's investigation had concluded that Clinton was `` extremely careless '' in handling her email system but recommended that no charges be filed against her . On July 6 , 2016 , Attorney General Loretta Lynch announced that no charges would be filed . On July 7 , the State Department reopened its probe into the email controversy . On October 28 , 2016 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had started looking into newly discovered emails that may be pertinent to the case . Law enforcement officials stated the emails were found on a laptop belonging to Clinton aide Huma Abedin 's husband , Anthony Weiner , during an investigation of his sexting scandals . On November 6 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had not changed its conclusion , reached in July , regarding Clinton 's emails .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e805c3e9dbd6b52e284798b70302142", "text": "Celebrity Name Game Celebrity Name Game is an American syndicated game show which premiered on September 22 , 2014 . Based on the board game Identity Crisis ( created by Laura Robinson ) , the series was developed by Courteney Cox and David Arquette 's Coquette Productions , and was originally pitched as a primetime series for CBS with Craig Ferguson as host . The series was later picked up by FremantleMedia and Debmar-Mercury as a syndicated series for 2014 with Ferguson , who left The Late Late Show on December 19 , 2014 , remaining as host . The series marks Coquette 's first foray into game shows . The show was subsequently renewed for a second season , which premiered on September 21 , 2015 . On December 2 , 2016 , it was announced that the series would end after three seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77a15b474b9d6b8aff145986bc8697c4", "text": "Gender mainstreaming Gender mainstreaming is the public policy concept of assessing the different implications for women and men of any planned policy action , including legislation and programmes , in all areas and levels . Mainstreaming essentially offers a pluralistic approach that values the diversity among both men and women . The concept of gender mainstreaming was first proposed at the 1985 Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi , Kenya . The idea has been pushed in the United Nations development community . The idea was formally featured in 1995 at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing , China , and was cited in the document that resulted from the conference , the Beijing Platform for Action .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24e99edaf200a5487c7d70fcc65fda66", "text": "Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 ( MACRA ) , commonly called the Permanent Doc Fix , is a law that establishes a new way to pay doctors who treat Medicare patients , revising the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 . Its reform is the largest in scale on the American health care system since the Affordable Care Act ( `` ObamaCare '' ) in 2010 . It changes the way Medicare doctors are reimbursed , fills in a funding gap and extends a popular children 's insurance program , CHIP . MACRA related regulations also address incentives for use of health IT by physicians and other care providers . Under MACRA , the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services ( DHHS ) is tasked with implementation of a Merit Based Incentive ( MIP ) an incentive program which consolidates the three existing incentive programs into one for eligible physicians . The legislation also allows for Advanced Alternative Payment Models ( APM ) in 2026 the conversion factor for both programs will be set at 0.75 % followed by each subsequent year . The Government Accountability Office in partnership with the DHHS are set to assist in the implementation of nationwide electronic health records ( EHR ) , while simultaneously comparing and selecting of such programs for providers ; the EHR goal is set for December 31 , 2018 under MACRA . The U.S. is set to transition from a fee for service system , which allowed physicians and providers to bill Medicare and Medicaid for services they provided to their patients , to a pay for performance based system using MIP , APM , and Accountable Care Organizations ( ACO ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7488cf4d7e351fe29c74800bfe2b4988", "text": "2014 Much Music Video Awards The 2014 Much Music Video Awards ( MMVAs ) was held on June 15 , 2014 outside the Much headquarters in downtown Toronto . Kendall Jenner and Kylie Jenner served as co-hosts for the show . The ceremony , which marked the 25th edition of the MMVAs , was simulcast live on Much and CTV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92533cb78f597eb1d4b9c3d66c3d5d2d", "text": "Periods for Politicians Periods for Politicians ( originally Periods for Pence ) is a campaign launched by the women of Indiana in response to a controversial abortion bill passed by Republican Mike Pence , the fiftieth governor of Indiana , in March 2016 . The campaign encourages women to send emails , tweets and phone calls to the governor 's office reporting the progression of their menstrual cycles . The group 's Facebook page was created March 28 of 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28c03758f5f3b4ca8273c959802f6e80", "text": "Natural Causes (Skylar Grey album) Natural Causes is the third studio album by American recording artist Skylar Grey . It is her second album since her stage name change from Holly Brook to Skylar Grey . It was released on September 23 , 2016 , by KidinaKorner and Interscope Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1bf16957dfa790b4710576670fd62a0", "text": "Freshman 15 `` Freshman 15 '' is an expression commonly used in the United States and Canada that refers to an amount ( somewhat arbitrarily set at 15 pounds , and originally just 10 ) of weight gained during a student 's first year at college . In Australia and New Zealand it is sometimes referred to as First Year Fatties , Fresher Spread , or Fresher Five , the latter referring to a five-kilogram gain . The purported causes of this weight gain are increased alcohol intake and the consumption of fat and carbohydrate-rich cafeteria-style food and fast food in university dormitories . Many other causes include malnutrition , stress , and decreased levels of exercise . All of these factors can affect each person in a different way . Studies confirm many of these causes . Colleges and universities have recently been cracking down on this common problem and are trying to educate people on how to prevent it . This problem has grown so much that students are focusing on how to stop the freshman 15 before it happens . Despite how commonly the Freshman 15 is asserted , an Ohio State University study showed that the average college student gains only two to three pounds in their first year . Additionally , it showed that college students did not gain any more weight than non-college students of the same age , and that the only factor that increased weight gain was heavy drinking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fecba1c8f8151c0fef0e06481bc50eb7", "text": "LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland Attitudes in Ireland towards lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) people are regarded as among the most liberal in the world . Ireland is notable for its transformation from a country holding overwhelmingly conservative attitudes toward LGBT issues to one holding overwhelmingly liberal ones in the space of a generation . In May 2015 , Ireland became the first country to legalise same-sex marriage on a national level by popular vote . The New York Times hailed the victory as putting Ireland at the `` vanguard of social change '' . Since July 2015 , transgender people in Ireland can self-declare their gender for the purpose of updating passports , driving licences , obtaining new birth certificates , and getting married . Both male and female same-sex sexual activity is legal in the state . Government recognition of LGBT rights in Ireland has expanded greatly over the past two decades . Homosexuality was decriminalised in 1993 , and most forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation are now outlawed . Ireland also forbids incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation . In 2015 a survey of 1000 individuals in Ireland found that 78 % of people are in support of same-sex marriage and 71 % of people think that same-sex couples should be allowed to adopt . A 2013 survey showed that 73 % of Irish people agreed that `` same sex marriage should be allowed in the Constitution '' . Earlier , a 2008 survey showed that 84 % of Irish people support civil marriage or civil partnerships for same-sex couples , with 58 % supporting full marriage rights in registry offices . The number who believe same-sex couples should only be allowed to have civil partnerships fell from 33 % to 26 % . A March 2011 The Sunday Times poll showed support for full civil marriage rights at 73 % . In July 2010 , the Oireachtas passed the Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010 , recognising civil partnerships between same-sex couples . The Bill passed all stages in the lower house ( Dáil ) , without the need for a vote , and by a margin of 48 votes to 4 in the upper house Seanad ( Senate ) . The bill was supported by all parties , although individual politicians have criticised the legislation . Since the Civil Partnership legislation has been fully enacted and implemented from the start of 2011 , gay and lesbian couples have been able to register their relationship before a registrar . The bill was signed by President Mary McAleese on 19 July 2010 . The Minister for Justice signed the commencement order for the act on 23 December 2010 . The law then came into force on 1 January 2011 . Due to the three-month waiting period for all civil ceremonies in Ireland , it had been expected that the first Civil Partnership ceremonies would take place in April . However , the legislation does provide a mechanism for exemptions to be sought through the courts , and the first partnership , which was between two men , was registered on 7 February 2011 . The first publicly celebrated Irish civil partnership under the Act took place in Dublin on 5 April 2011 . On 6 April 2015 , the Children and Family Relationships Bill 2015 was signed into law , amending ( among other acts ) the Adoption Act 2010 , to enable same-sex couples to jointly adopt children and step-children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db715ea112580abc28a7364a0ced7efe", "text": "Clark Janell Davis Clark Janell Davis ( born August 9 , 1997 ) is an American beauty pageant titleholder from Lexington , Kentucky , who was crowned Miss Kentucky 2015 . She competed for the Miss America 2016 title in September 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aee214280e73e8ec1f7a6f49dab3165", "text": "Dash Dolls Dash Dolls is an American reality television series that premiered on the E! cable network , on September 20 , 2015 . The show is a spin-off of Keeping Up with the Kardashians . The series features a group of young female employees , referred to as Dash Dolls , working in the Dash boutique in Hollywood which is owned by the Kardashian sisters .", "title": "" } ]	fever
dd9eebc6f6ac3ce76b96e7eee1b1d076	Venus Williams is not one of the best female tennis players.	[ { "docid": "fe30803ed4ae97df6b6d9465a600f8b4", "text": "Venus Williams Venus Ebony Starr Williams ( born June 17 , 1980 ) is an American professional tennis player who is generally regarded as one of the all-time greats of women 's tennis and who , along with younger sister Serena Williams , is credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women 's professional tennis tour . Ranked World No. 11 in singles as of January 28 , 2017 , Williams has been ranked World No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association on three occasions , for a total of 11 weeks . She first became the World No. 1 on February 25 , 2002 , the first African American woman to do so in the Open Era . On 10 June 2002 , Venus and Serena became the first sisters to hold the No. 1 and No. 2 spots in the singles rankings , respectively . On 7 June 2010 , Venus became co-No . 1 in doubles with Serena after they won their 4th consecutive grand slam doubles title at Roland Garros . By virtue of that doubles ascension , Venus became one of seven women to reach No. 1 in singles and No. 1 in doubles . On 21 June 2010 , Venus and Serena again occupied the No. 2 and No. 1 spots in the singles rankings , respectively . This came almost exactly 8 years after first accomplishing this feat . At the time , Venus had just celebrated her 30th birthday and Serena was three months shy of her 29th birthday , both ages at which many of their peers had retired . Her seven Grand Slam singles titles ties her twelfth on the all-time list , more than any other active female player except sister Serena . She has also won fourteen Grand Slam doubles titles and two mixed doubles titles . Her five Wimbledon singles titles ties her with two other women for eighth place on the all-time list . Williams is one of four women to have won five or more Wimbledon singles titles in the Open Era . From the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2001 US Open , Williams won four of the six Grand Slam singles tournaments held . She is one of only six women in the Open Era to win 200 or more main draw Grand Slam singles matches . At the 2017 French Open , Williams extended her record as the all-time leader , male or female , in Grand Slams played , with 74 . Furthermore , Williams ' run to the 2017 Australian Open Women 's Singles final set the record for longest span between singles slam finals in the open era at 20 years , the beginning of which was marked by her appearance in the singles final at the 1997 US Open . Williams has won four Olympic gold medals , one in singles and three in women 's doubles , along with a silver medal in mixed doubles . She and Serena have won more Olympic gold medals than any other tennis player , male or female . Venus also holds the record for the most Olympic medals won by a male or female tennis player , shared with Kathleen McKane Godfree . She is the only tennis player to have won a medal at four separate Olympic Games . At the 2000 Sydney Olympics , Williams became only the second player to win Olympic gold medals in both singles and doubles at the same Olympic Games , after Helen Wills Moody in 1924 . With 49 singles titles , Williams is behind only Serena among active players on the WTA Tour . Her 35-match winning streak from the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2000 Generali Ladies Linz tournament final is the longest since January 1 , 2000 . She is also one of only three active WTA players to have made the finals of all four Grand Slams , along with Serena and Russian Maria Sharapova . By winning her 49th career singles title at the 2016 Taiwan Open , Williams became the 5th oldest WTA Tour titlist in the Open Era , at 35 years , 7 months and 28 days . Williams has played against her sister in 27 professional matches since 1998 , and won 11 . They have played against each other in nine Grand Slam singles finals , with Venus holding a 2-7 record . Venus has 8 runner-up finishes in grand slam singles events with Martina Hingis being the only player other than Serena to beat Venus in a major final at the 1997 US Open . Beginning with the 2002 French Open , they opposed each other in four consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , the first time sisters had so met in the Open Era . On the other side , the pair have won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles playing alongside each other and are undefeated in Grand Slam finals .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4d85edb68d38bab74084c9af672e2c63", "text": "2013 Western & Southern Open – Women's Singles Li Na was the defending champion , but lost to Serena Williams in the semifinals . Victoria Azarenka defeated Williams in the final 2 -- 6 , 6 -- 2 , 7 -- 6 ( 8 -- 6 ) to claim the title . Marion Bartoli played the last match of her professional career and retired after losing to Simona Halep in the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c917453c093feb9b417bad55adf3d0a", "text": "Fed Cup Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women 's tennis , launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995 . The Fed Cup is the world 's largest annual women 's international team sports competition , in terms of the number of nations that compete . The men 's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup . Australia , Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51b827d3267f7bca0747d608f5be9d4", "text": "Williams sisters rivalry Venus Williams and Serena Williams ( born June 17 , 1980 , and September 26 , 1981 , respectively ) are professional tennis players and sisters who have faced off 28 times in professional tournaments , most recently in the final of the 2017 Australian Open on 28 January 2017 , where Serena claimed a history-making 23rd grand slam . Serena leads their rivalry 17 -- 11 . Both Williams sisters have been ranked World No. 1 : Venus for a total of 11 weeks , beginning in February 2002 ; Serena for a total of 316 weeks , beginning in July 2002 . The Williams sisters are the only two women during the open era to play each other in four consecutive Grand Slam finals : from the 2002 French Open to the 2003 Australian Open . Serena won all four of these finals . Venus has won 49 singles titles over the course of her career , and Serena has won 72 . Although the rivalry is long established , and is very fierce in competition , the two sisters remain personally very close . They have won 22 titles when playing doubles together , including 14 Grand Slam titles and 3 Olympic gold medals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6495f6f4cae128adc35060114155397", "text": "2001 WTA Tour Championships The 2001 WTA Tour Championships , also known by its sponsored name Sanex Championships , was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympiahalle in Munich , Germany . It was the 31st edition of the year-end singles championships , the 26th edition of the year-end doubles championships , and was part of the 2001 WTA Tour . The tournament was held between 30 October and 4 November 2001 . Seventh-seeded Serena Williams won the singles event after Lindsay Davenport defaulted the final due to a knee injury she sustained in her semifinal match . Davenport 's semifinal win ensured her the No. 1 year-end ranking . Williams earned $ 500,000 first-prize money as well as 390 ranking points . Venus Williams and Martina Hingis had qualified for the tournament but withdrew due to injuries while Monica Seles refused to play in Germany , the country where she was stabbed in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61365a37e8ee16cb24b7cff095254273", "text": "2012 BGL Luxembourg Open The 2012 BGL Luxembourg Open was a professional women 's tennis tournament played on hard courts . It was the 22nd edition of the tournament , which was part of the 2012 WTA Tour . It took place in Luxembourg City , Luxembourg between 15 and 21 October 2011 . Venus Williams won the singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7c7cf88ef01730456bf1861c60e07b3", "text": "Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun , orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days . It has the longest rotation period ( 243 days ) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets . It has no natural satellites . It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty . It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon , reaching an apparent magnitude of − 4.6 , bright enough to cast shadows at night and , though rare , occasionally be visible in broad daylight . Because Venus orbits within Earth 's orbit it is an inferior planet and never appears to venture far from the Sun ; its maximum angular distance from the Sun ( elongation ) is 47.8 ° . Venus is a terrestrial planet and is sometimes called Earth 's `` sister planet '' because of their similar size , mass , proximity to the Sun , and bulk composition . It is radically different from Earth in other respects . It has the densest atmosphere of the four terrestrial planets , consisting of more than 96 % carbon dioxide . The atmospheric pressure at the planet 's surface is 92 times that of Earth , or roughly the pressure found 900 m underwater on Earth . Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System , with a mean surface temperature of 735 K , even though Mercury is closer to the Sun . Venus is shrouded by an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid , preventing its surface from being seen from space in visible light . It may have had water oceans in the past , but these would have vaporized as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect . The water has probably photodissociated , and the free hydrogen has been swept into interplanetary space by the solar wind because of the lack of a planetary magnetic field . Venus 's surface is a dry desertscape interspersed with slab-like rocks and is periodically resurfaced by volcanism . As one of the brightest objects in the sky , Venus has been a major fixture in human culture for as long as records have existed . It has been made sacred to gods of many cultures , and has been a prime inspiration for writers and poets as the `` morning star '' and `` evening star '' . Venus was the first planet to have its motions plotted across the sky , as early as the second millennium BC . As the closest planet to Earth , Venus has been a prime target for early interplanetary exploration . It was the first planet beyond Earth visited by a spacecraft ( Mariner 2 in 1962 ) , and the first to be successfully landed on ( by Venera 7 in 1970 ) . Venus 's thick clouds render observation of its surface impossible in visible light , and the first detailed maps did not emerge until the arrival of the Magellan orbiter in 1991 . Plans have been proposed for rovers or more complex missions , but they are hindered by Venus 's hostile surface conditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d9438a35946734638eb62f67c02ae47", "text": "2016 Australian Open – Main Draw Wildcard Entries The 2016 Australian Open Wildcard Playoffs and Entries was a group of events and internal selections to choose the eight men and eight women singles wildcard entries for the 2016 Australian Open , as well as seven male and seven female doubles teams plus eight mixed doubles teams . One wildcard each was given to the winners of the Australian Open Wildcard Playoff , a tournament between Australian players who did not receive direct entry into the draw . This took place from 14 to 20 December 2015 . In an agreement with the United States Tennis Association and the French Tennis Federation , Tennis Australia gives one man and one woman from the United States and France each a wildcard into the Australian Open . The French players were chosen by internal selection , while USTA awarded the entry to the player with the most points over three pre-selected events in USA over October and November 2015 . Since the Australian Open is promoted as the `` Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific '' , one male and one female player from this geographical area were awarded a wildcard . This was decided through the Asia-Pacific Australian Open Wildcard Playoff . At the same event , one male and one female doubles team won wildcards , and one wildcard each was contested in boys and girls singles . This took pace from 2 to 6 December 2015 . Remaining wildcards were awarded by internal Australian selection . For the first time , a new initiative was put in place for rewarding women 's wildcards . A wildcard race was put in place by Tennis Australia to offer the highest Australian points earner from the 2015 Canberra Tennis International and 2015 Bendigo Women 's International a main draw wildcard . The singles wildcard was won by Tammi Patterson and the doubles wildcard was won by Jessica Moore and Storm Sanders . Also for the first time , the winner of the girls ' 18 and under national championships was rewarded a main draw wildcard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6b1f9dd2b5b596f60116130a542a82", "text": "Grand Slam Cup The Grand Slam Cup was a tennis tournament held annually at the Olympiahalle in Munich in Germany from 1990 through 1999 . The event was organized by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , which invited the best-performing players in the year 's Grand Slam events to compete in the Grand Slam Cup . The tournament was created in 1990 and was played on indoor carpet courts . From 1990 to 1996 , it was held in December but was moved to the middle of autumn from 1997 to 1999 . From 1990 to 1997 the tournament was limited to male players . A women 's Cup was added in 1998 and was held simultaneously with the men 's Cup . Throughout its existence , the Grand Slam Cup was famous for paying out the highest prize money of any tournament in tennis . The winner for the first three years of the Cup received US$ 2 million in prize money , which dipped to $ 1.625 million in 1993 , rose to $ 1.875 million in 1996 and back to $ 2 million in 1997 before falling to $ 1.3 million in 1998 . If the Cup was won by a player who had also won a Grand Slam event that year they received a bonus of $ 1 million . Prize money for the winner of the two women 's Cups was fixed at $ 800,000 . The Cup was not recognized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the course of its run , and participants did not receive points in the ATP computer rankings nor have it credited as an official career title . Following the discontinuation of the Cup in 1999 , the ATP decided to give the event full recognition and added it to players ' lists of official titles . A compromise between the ITF and the ATP was announced on December 9 , 1999 which merged the Cup with the ATP Tour World Championship , the ATP 's year-end tournament also held annually in Germany , giving birth to the ATP World Tour Finals , an official tour event . A direct result of the merging of the two competitions can still be seen in the qualification rules for the ATP World Tour Finals , which included one notable difference from those of the ATP Tour World Championship . The Tour World Championship was meant to include the top eight players on the ATP computer rankings at the end of a season , even though this could mean the exclusion of a Grand Slam champion who had not been able to earn sufficient ranking points in the rest of the year . Present Finals rules ensure the participation of a Grand Slam champion who is unable to earn a top eight ranking at the end of the season and automatic qualification for the top seven players in the computer rankings . The eighth ranked player , however , qualifies only if all Grand Slam singles champions are among the top eight . Any Grand Slam event champion who is not in the top eight but is still in the top twenty is included to the detriment of the eighth ranked player . This situation occurred at the 2004 Tennis Masters Cup , where Andre Agassi , the 8th ranked player in the ATP Champions Race , was excluded from the event in favor of Gastón Gaudio , who had won that year 's French Open but was ranked 10th at the end of the year . Pete Sampras was the most successful player at this event winning two titles out of three final appearances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88bf601ad0d90dd82be22141c3de2557", "text": "2013 French Open – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion . Sharapova advanced to the final before losing to Serena Williams 4 -- 6 , 4 -- 6 in her second French Open final , as well as her 16th major overall title . Williams ' victory earned her a multiple slam set in Women 's Singles . Future champion Garbiñe Muguruza entered the main draw in the competition for the first time , she lost to Jelena Janković in the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226964a34eab5b245acc6ff3cc40ad2d", "text": "Women's World Chess Championship The Women 's World Chess Championship ( WWCC ) is played to determine the women 's world champion in chess . Like the World Chess Championship , it is administered by FIDE . Unlike with most sports recognized by the International Olympic Committee , where competition is either `` mixed '' ( containing everyone ) or split into men and women , in chess women are both allowed to compete in the `` open '' division ( including the World Chess Championship ) yet also have a separate Women 's Championship ( only open to females ) . Notably however , the top-rated female player for over 20 years ( with the highest FIDE rating in history of any woman ) , Judit Polgár , has never competed for the women 's title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f070d9076b81460acb19a9aa4614b1e", "text": "Tsvetana Pironkova Tsvetana Pironkova ( Цветана Кирилова Пиронкова -LSB- tsvɛˈtana pirɔnˈkɔva -RSB- ) ( born 13 September 1987 ) is a Bulgarian tennis player and the current no. 1 Bulgarian in the WTA rankings . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Plovdiv , Pironkova started playing tennis at the age of four on being introduced to the sport by her father , who later coached her . After playing at a junior level and winning Atlantic Cup , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2002 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . Early in her career , Pironkova won six international singles titles at the ITF circuit . Pironkova made her WTA tour debut at the İstanbul Cup in 2005 , and achieved moderate success earlier in her career . That changed in 2010 , when she entered Wimbledon with a 1 -- 4 career record at the event , and went on reach the semifinals of the tournament , becoming the second Bulgarian tennis player in history to reach the semifinal stage of a Grand Slam in singles . She garnered wide recognition for her performance , and after her semifinal finish reached her highest WTA Singles ranking at no. 31 in September 2010 . Pironkova followed it up with a quarterfinal run at the event the following year , earning her the nickname `` The Wimbledon Darkhorse '' . She is also known defeating Venus Williams three times at Grand Slam tournaments , twice at Wimbledon . Pironkova won her first WTA title at the 2014 Apia International , defeating three top-10 ranked players in a row . She defeated the world no. 2 Agnieszka Radwańska in the fourth round of the 2016 French Open , reaching her quarterfinal at a Grand Slam other than Wimbledon . In addition to this , Pironkova has a total of twelve wins over other top-10 ranked players to her name . She also holds the second longest active streak of the most consecutive Grand Slam appearances at 45 , only behind Jelena Jankovic . Pironkova has been recognized by The New York Times for her `` cerebral '' grass-court abilities and named one of the most beautiful women in sports by MSN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7228f95a1b9b80d795a63cc6119cd2be", "text": "Clarisa Fernández Clarisa Fernández ( born 28 August 1981 ) is a retired Argentine tennis player who is best known for her semi-final appearance at the 2002 French Open , the first Argentine since Sabatini in 1992 to reach that stage . Fernández was ranked 87th in the world at the time of her shocking result . She defeated , in order : ( Q ) Lubomira Bacheva , Jelena Kostanić , Kim Clijsters , ( 13 ) Elena Dementieva , Paola Suárez , before losing to second-seeded Venus Williams in straight sets . . Fernández is a crafty left-handed player . She turned professional in 1998 , and did not have much success before her appearance at the French Open . She has six ITF titles to her name , including one in 2006 . Since 2003 , Fernández has been plagued with injuries . She has suffered from tendinitis in her left shoulder , an injury to her left wrist , and to her right knee . Fernández enjoys playing on hard and grass courts . She was coached by Leonardo Lerda . Her tennis inspirations are Pete Sampras and Martina Navratilova . In April 2008 , Fernández announced her retirement from professional tennis after a lengthy battle with knee injuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eb2f5b9d14a84827312546480a53d12", "text": "Althea Gibson Althea Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 -- September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and the first black athlete to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first person of color to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Open ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals ( precursor of the U.S. Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including six doubles titles , and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . `` She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , '' said Robert Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . `` Martina could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . '' In the early 1960s she also became the first black player to compete on the women 's professional golf tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . `` Her road to success was a challenging one , '' said Billie Jean King , `` but I never saw her back down . '' `` To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were black , '' said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins . `` I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps , '' wrote Venus Williams . `` Her accomplishments set the stage for my success , and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come , her legacy will live on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dfa02cf008c1c99739d61e140b66577", "text": "2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2 , 2009 , marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women 's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000 , when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there . Broadcast internationally on HBO , the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams , 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams , 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Janković , who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova . Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6 -- 3 , and Venus Williams won hers 6 -- 4 against Jelena Janković . The final was won by Serena 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 3 . Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King . The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton , and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan , race car driver Janet Guthrie , Billie Jean King 's long time double 's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports . A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women 's Sports Foundation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a9b53a8a91c35a50baba435c4f4093a", "text": "2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 134th edition of the US Open , the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year . It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center . Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men 's event ; however , on 18 August , the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from a wrist injury , while Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion in the women 's event . In the men 's singles competition , Marin Čilić won his maiden grand slam title ; while , Serena Williams won her Open era record tying sixth title in the women 's singles competition tying Chris Evert , and it was her eighteenth grand slam title tying Evert and Martina Navratilova . Winning the men 's doubles , Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan became the most victorious doubles team in Open era history at the tournament , and this was the team 's 100th title together and sixteenth grand slam title tying Todd Woodbridge for the Open era record . Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina won women 's doubles competition title , becoming two-time grand slam champions with their victory at the 2013 French Open . The winning mixed doubles team was Sania Mirza and Bruno Soares , and for Mirza it was her third mixed doubles grand slam title in her career and Soares ' second grand slam title for his career . It was Soares ' second US Open title in mixed doubles , and it was the first for Mirza .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a49022d13e2f06169b88d84bdac9135", "text": "Unmatched Unmatched is a documentary about tennis players Martina Navratilova and Chris Evert , their decades-long on-court rivalry and lifelong friendship , created for ESPN 's 30 for 30 documentary series . Evert and Navratilova met in 80 matches , 60 finals and 14 grand slam finals with Navratilova sporting a 43-37 advantage . The film was shot over three days in Amagansett , New York in October 2009 . Unmatched was awarded the 2011 Gracie Award for `` Outstanding Producer - News/Non-fiction '' . Navratilova was sometimes described as the lesbian tennis player from a communist country : `` As one of the first openly gay sports figures , she has spent much of her career overcoming prejudices and stereotypes , giving up millions of dollars in endorsements and sponsorships as a result of her insistence on living a life of integrity and honesty . '' Evert was described as the all-American girl next door . Today Navratilova is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all-time ; she has won 167 singles titles , 177 doubles championships titles and 59 Grand Slam titles , she has been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame , was the WTA 's `` Tour Player of the Year '' seven times , was declared one of the `` Top Forty Athletes of All-time '' by Sports Illustrated and was named `` Female Athlete of the Year '' by the Associated Press . Navratilova has served as AARP 's Health and Fitness Ambassador and is also involved with the LGBT movement , The Rainbow Card ® and Rainbow Endowment . Evert on the other hand reached more Grand Slam singles finals than any player , she has been president of the Women 's Tennis Association and in 2005 she was named fourth on the list of the 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era by TENNIS Magazine . Evert won 157 singles championships , 29 doubles titles and she won 18 Grand Slam singles championships and three doubles titles . Hannah Storm said of the rivalry : `` Just think about the dynamic of competing against your best friend . They would practice together , eat lunch together , then go out and play in the final and then make travel plans to go to the next tournament . '' In describing their rivalry and its effect on their tennis careers , Navratilova said : `` I do n't think either of us would have lasted as long without the other . '' Evert said : `` It gave us inspiration and a lot of incentive to work harder and try to continue to improve . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f35898db74a6fed138cf74584981c25", "text": "Sabine Lisicki Sabine Katharina Lisicki ( -LSB- zaˈbɪnə lɪˈzɪki -RSB- ; born 22 September 1989 ) is a German professional tennis player . She turned professional in 2006 and her breakthrough came in 2009 when she reached the quarterfinals of the Wimbledon Championships and won her first WTA title , the Family Circle Cup , against Caroline Wozniacki . In March 2010 , she suffered an ankle injury at the Indian Wells Masters that kept her out of competition for five months and saw her fall out of the top 200 . Lisicki rebounded in 2011 and won the Aegon Classic before entering the Wimbledon Championships as a wildcard and going on to reach the semifinals , where she lost to Maria Sharapova . In doing so she became only the second woman in Wimbledon history to make it to the semifinals while entering the tournament as a wildcard . She followed that two months later by winning her third WTA tournament , the Texas Open . In 2012 , she achieved her highest career world ranking , 12th , and again reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon . Again , in 2012 she suffered from another ankle injury that prevented her from having better results on tour . Lisicki reached the final of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships , losing to Marion Bartoli . The following year , she reached another quarterfinal at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and won her first title in three years when she won the 2014 Hong Kong Tennis Open . In doubles , Lisicki won the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in 2011 with Samantha Stosur and in 2013 with Mona Barthel and the 2014 Sony Open with coach Martina Hingis . She also reached the doubles final at Wimbledon in 2011 with Stosur and came fourth in the mixed doubles event at the 2012 London Olympics with Christopher Kas . Lisicki currently holds the world record for the fastest serve by a female tennis player . She clocked a 131.0 mph serve during her first-round encounter against Ana Ivanovic at the 2014 Bank of the West Classic . She also held the record for the most aces in a singles match , hitting 27 aces during her second-round encounter against Belinda Bencic at the 2015 Aegon Classic , until it was surpassed by Kristýna Plíšková at the 2016 Australian Open .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e08b945c5030c8ff4e1d13b2d6fb2893", "text": "Henin–S. Williams rivalry Tennis players Justine Henin from Belgium , former world No. 1 , and Serena Williams from the USA , current World No. 1 , who met 14 times during their careers . When Henin was an active player , their rivalry was one of the most heated and competitive between two female players on the WTA Tour ; their contests were not solely athletic in nature , but interpersonal as well . As of June 30 , 2013 , Williams leads the overall head-to-head series , 8 -- 6 . Henin retired for the second time in January 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca5f01aa35554669b2b4f15d587a270c", "text": "Camila Giorgi Camila Giorgi ( -LSB- kaˈmiːla ˈdʒordʒi -RSB- ; born 30 December 1991 ) is an Italian professional tennis player . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Macerata , Italy to Argentinian father and Italian mother , Giorgi started playing tennis at the age of five at a local club . After playing at a junior level , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2006 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . After winning her first title at the ITF tour in 2009 , Giorgi made her WTA tour main draw debut at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships . Giorgi went on reach the fourth round of 2012 Wimbledon Championships in just her second appearance at the tournament . Post her successful run at the championships , she made her Top-100 debut in WTA rankings . The following year Giorgi followed it up with a third round run at the Wimbledon Championships , and made her second Grand Slam fourth round at the 2013 US Open . Giorgi reached her WTA Tour event singles final at the 2013 BNP Paribas Katowice Open and won her first title at the 2015 Topshelf Open . She reached her best singles ranking of world number 30 in July 2015 . Giorgi is known for her aggressive style of game and her powerful flat groundstrokes and is considered to be one of the hardest hitters of the ball on the tour . Her biggest professional wins have come at the 2013 US Open , 2014 BNP Paribas Open , and 2014 Aegon International , defeating former world no. 1 players Caroline Wozniacki , Maria Sharapova , and Victoria Azarenka , respectively . In addition to that , Giorgi has won more matches against Top-10 players than she has lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03b4ca5a975ca227dfb17d44adbc44b4", "text": "2017 Australian Open The 2017 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place at Melbourne Park between 16 -- 29 January 2017 . It was the 105th edition of the Australian Open , and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year . The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments . As in previous years , the tournament 's title sponsor was Kia . Novak Djokovic and Angelique Kerber were the defending champions and both were unsuccessful in their title defense ; they lost to Denis Istomin and Coco Vandeweghe in the second and fourth rounds , respectively . For the first time since the 2004 French Open , both No. 1 seeds lost before the quarterfinals , with both Andy Murray and Kerber defeated in the fourth round . Roger Federer won his eighteenth men 's singles Grand Slam title by defeating Rafael Nadal in a five-set final . It was his first major title since 2012 Wimbledon and a rematch of the 2009 Australian Open final , which Nadal won in five sets . Serena Williams overcame her sister Venus in the women 's singles final , surpassing Steffi Graf to become the player with the most major wins in the women 's game in the Open Era .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6aa79bf8e104d1b893f7687a97a612fc	Daniela Hantuchová won at least 500 times in her career.	[ { "docid": "9eae43ec01cafa88873a4d45f155a3f6", "text": "Daniela Hantuchová Daniela Hantuchová ( -LSB- ˈdaɲiela ˈɦantuxoʋaː -RSB- ; born 23 April 1983 ) is a Slovak tennis player . She turned professional in 1999 and had her breakthrough year in 2002 , when she won her first WTA tournament , the Indian Wells Masters , defeating Martina Hingis in the final and becoming the lowest-ranked player to ever win the tournament . She also reached the quarterfinals of that year 's Wimbledon Championship and US Open , ending the year in the top 10 . She was part of the Slovak team that won the 2002 Fed Cup and the 2005 Hopman Cup . Hantuchová reached her highest ranking , fifth , in January 2003 , after reaching the quarterfinals of the Australian Open . She has gone on to win a further seven WTA tournaments , including the Indian Wells Masters for a second time in 2007 and most recently the 2015 Thailand Open . She also reached the semifinals of the Australian Open in 2008 , the furthest she has progressed in a Grand Slam . She is the most successful Slovak tennis player of all time and became only the 37th woman in the Open Era to reach 500 career wins when she beat Laura Robson in the second round of the Aegon Classic in June 2013 . Hantuchová is also an accomplished doubles player . In 2005 , she completed the career Grand Slam in mixed doubles , becoming only the fifth female tennis player to do so . She won the mixed doubles at Wimbledon in 2001 with Leoš Friedl , at the Australian Open in 2002 with Kevin Ullyett , at the French Open in 2005 with Fabrice Santoro and at the US Open in 2005 with Mahesh Bhupathi . She has also reached the finals of the mixed doubles at Wimbledon in 2002 with Ullyett and the finals of the women 's doubles at the Australian Open in 2002 with Arantxa Sánchez Vicario , at the French Open in 2006 with Ai Sugiyama and at the Australian Open in 2009 with Sugiyama . Since December 2014 Hantuchová has been coached by Carlos Rodríguez . Her WTA Tour mentor in the `` Partners for Success '' program was Martina Navratilova , who was her doubles partner for a brief period in early 2005 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7e0407fedb7fcd1be944c19032b89f99", "text": "Rebecca Šramková Rebecca Šramková ( born 19 October 1996 ) is a Slovak tennis player . Šramková has a career high WTA singles ranking of 156 , achieved on 22 August 2016 . She also has a career high WTA doubles ranking of 220 achieved on 11 May 2015 . On the ITF Women 's Circuit , Šramková has won five singles and two doubles titles in her career . Šramková won her biggest title to date at the 2016 Engie Open de Biarritz , a ITF $ 100,000 tournament , where she defeated Martina Trevisan in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca5f01aa35554669b2b4f15d587a270c", "text": "Camila Giorgi Camila Giorgi ( -LSB- kaˈmiːla ˈdʒordʒi -RSB- ; born 30 December 1991 ) is an Italian professional tennis player . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Macerata , Italy to Argentinian father and Italian mother , Giorgi started playing tennis at the age of five at a local club . After playing at a junior level , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2006 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . After winning her first title at the ITF tour in 2009 , Giorgi made her WTA tour main draw debut at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships . Giorgi went on reach the fourth round of 2012 Wimbledon Championships in just her second appearance at the tournament . Post her successful run at the championships , she made her Top-100 debut in WTA rankings . The following year Giorgi followed it up with a third round run at the Wimbledon Championships , and made her second Grand Slam fourth round at the 2013 US Open . Giorgi reached her WTA Tour event singles final at the 2013 BNP Paribas Katowice Open and won her first title at the 2015 Topshelf Open . She reached her best singles ranking of world number 30 in July 2015 . Giorgi is known for her aggressive style of game and her powerful flat groundstrokes and is considered to be one of the hardest hitters of the ball on the tour . Her biggest professional wins have come at the 2013 US Open , 2014 BNP Paribas Open , and 2014 Aegon International , defeating former world no. 1 players Caroline Wozniacki , Maria Sharapova , and Victoria Azarenka , respectively . In addition to that , Giorgi has won more matches against Top-10 players than she has lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3525de4ace8d20f4efa43783be80702", "text": "Indianapolis 500 pace cars The Indianapolis 500 auto race has used a pace car every year since 1911 . The pace car is utilized for two primary purposes . At the start of the race , the pace car leads the assembled starting grid around the track for a predetermined number of unscored warm-up laps . Then if the officials deem appropriate , it releases the field at a purposeful speed to start the race . In addition , during yellow flag caution periods , the pace car enters the track and picks up the leader , bunching the field up at a reduced speed . Prior to the first `` 500 '' in 1911 , in the interest of safety , Indianapolis Motor Speedway founder Carl G. Fisher is commonly credited with the concept of a `` rolling start '' led by a pace car . Nearly all races at the time , as well as all Formula One races even to the present , utilize a standing start . In almost every year since 1936 , it has been a tradition that the winner of the Indianapolis 500 be presented with one of that year 's pace cars ( or a replica ) . In most years since 1911 , the driver of the pace car at the start of the race has been an invited celebrity , a former racing driver , or notable figure in the automotive industry . Historically , the honor of supplying the pace car was , and continues to be , a coveted honor by the respective automobile manufactures and a marketing showcase for the particular make/model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7833629dcff780ffe335267ee3244cf9", "text": "Tamara Rylova Tamara Nikolayevna Rylova ( Тамара Николаевна Рылова born 1 October 1931 ) is a former speed skater . After World War II had ended , Soviet women started dominating speed skating and would continue do so for at least 20 years . Tamara Rylova was one of them . She trained at Burevestnik in Leningrad . Having debuted nationally at the 1952 Soviet Allround Championships and internationally at the 1954 World Allround Championships , Rylova soon became a force to be reckoned with . Early 1955 , Rylova proved this by setting a new world record on the 500 m -- breaking Laila Schou Nilsen 's record that had stood for almost 18 years . That same month , she would break two more world records . The next month , she won silver at the 1955 World Allround Championships behind fellow Soviet skater Rimma Zhukova and that already showed that most of the time , Rylova 's strongest competition was from other Soviet skaters . The next year , she won bronze , behind two Soviet skaters , thus making all three medals going to the Soviet Union . And this was not an exception , rather it was the rule . In fact , in the years 1953 -- 1964 , Soviet women won all three medals at every one of those twelve World Allround Championships . In 1957 and 1958 , Rylova won two more silver medals at the World Allround Championships , both behind Inga Artamonova . Finally , in 1959 , she became World Allround Champion , with a big lead over silver medallist Valentina Stenina . The next year , she won yet another silver medal at the 1960 World Allround Championships , this time not being able to retain her lead after three of the four distances because Stenina skated the final distance , the 3,000 m , more than seven seconds faster . At the Winter Olympics of Squaw Valley the next month , Rylova ( now the world record holder on the 500 m and the 1,000 m ) had a somewhat disappointing performance ; she finished fourth on the 500 m , one tenth of a second short of a medal , and she won the bronze medal on the 1,000 m. After that , Rylova would not make any more international appearances except once , four years later , when she won another bronze medal at the 1964 World Allround Championship . During the intermediate years , she had not won much on a national level . Her last appearance at the Soviet Allround Championships was in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39b66d1c1647f4544213cc718eda99db", "text": "Venera Chernyshova Venera Mikhailovna Chernyshova ( Венера Михайловна Чернышова born 5 March 1954 ) is a former Soviet biathlete . Chernyshova was a part of the Soviet biathlon team during the 1980s . In five World Championships for women from 1984 to 1988 , Chernyshova won five gold medals with the Soviet relay team . At the 1984 World Championships Chernyshova became the first female World Champion in the 10 km individual and the 5 km sprint . With the Soviet relay team she also won the first relay at the World Championships for women . Chernyshova also won individual medals at the 1985 World Championships with a bronze in the sprint , at the 1987 World Championships with a silver in the sprint and at the 1988 World Championships with a bronze in the individual . With seven gold , one silver and two bronze medals , Chernyshova is one of the most successful biathletes at the World Championships of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9761e086ec0b890b6ce4c7e8f3c3cdd", "text": "Neva Cup The Neva Cup ( previously known as the Kivenappa Ladies ' Cup ) is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on indoor hard courts . The event is classified as a $ 100,000 ITF Women 's Circuit tournament and has been held in Saint Petersburg , Russia , since 2012 . In 2016 , the tournament moved from the outdoor clay courts of the Children 's Tennis Center to the indoor hard courts of Tennis Center Dinamo . In 2017 tournament upgraded to WTA 125K series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f35898db74a6fed138cf74584981c25", "text": "Sabine Lisicki Sabine Katharina Lisicki ( -LSB- zaˈbɪnə lɪˈzɪki -RSB- ; born 22 September 1989 ) is a German professional tennis player . She turned professional in 2006 and her breakthrough came in 2009 when she reached the quarterfinals of the Wimbledon Championships and won her first WTA title , the Family Circle Cup , against Caroline Wozniacki . In March 2010 , she suffered an ankle injury at the Indian Wells Masters that kept her out of competition for five months and saw her fall out of the top 200 . Lisicki rebounded in 2011 and won the Aegon Classic before entering the Wimbledon Championships as a wildcard and going on to reach the semifinals , where she lost to Maria Sharapova . In doing so she became only the second woman in Wimbledon history to make it to the semifinals while entering the tournament as a wildcard . She followed that two months later by winning her third WTA tournament , the Texas Open . In 2012 , she achieved her highest career world ranking , 12th , and again reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon . Again , in 2012 she suffered from another ankle injury that prevented her from having better results on tour . Lisicki reached the final of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships , losing to Marion Bartoli . The following year , she reached another quarterfinal at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and won her first title in three years when she won the 2014 Hong Kong Tennis Open . In doubles , Lisicki won the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in 2011 with Samantha Stosur and in 2013 with Mona Barthel and the 2014 Sony Open with coach Martina Hingis . She also reached the doubles final at Wimbledon in 2011 with Stosur and came fourth in the mixed doubles event at the 2012 London Olympics with Christopher Kas . Lisicki currently holds the world record for the fastest serve by a female tennis player . She clocked a 131.0 mph serve during her first-round encounter against Ana Ivanovic at the 2014 Bank of the West Classic . She also held the record for the most aces in a singles match , hitting 27 aces during her second-round encounter against Belinda Bencic at the 2015 Aegon Classic , until it was surpassed by Kristýna Plíšková at the 2016 Australian Open .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1585fb8a9a5525acff35fa07a57af74e", "text": "Andrea Hlaváčková Andrea Hlaváčková ( -LSB- ˈandrɛa ˈɦlavaːtʃkovaː -RSB- ; born 10 August 1986 ) is a professional tennis player from the Czech Republic . Her highest singles ranking is World No. 58 , which she reached in September 2012 , and her highest doubles ranking is World No. 3 , reached on 22 October 2012 . In her career , Hlaváčková has won 14 WTA doubles titles , as well as 17 ITF doubles titles and seven ITF singles titles . Hlaváčková has won two Grand Slam doubles titles , the 2011 French Open and the 2013 US Open , both times partnered with Lucie Hradecká . The pair are also the 2012 Olympic silver medallists . She was part of the winning Czech team in Fed Cup 2012 . She also won the mixed doubles title at the 2013 US Open paired with Max Mirnyi . Hlaváčková 's elder sister is retired tennis player Jana Hlaváčková .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6568c8f8533a7883ae98628161b84475", "text": "Tour of Bulgaria The Tour of Bulgaria is an annual international professional bicycle race held in Bulgaria that was first staged on 21 August 1924 . It is part of UCI Europe Tour and is category 2.2 . The race covers about 1,500 kilometres and lasts two weeks . As of 2012 , 62 editions were held . The longest length of the race was in 1949 -- 1905 km . The course changes every year , but the race has always started in Sofia . In the race , cyclists from more than 40 countries have been competing . During the Cold War , the Tour of Bulgaria was one of the most prestigious cycling races in Europe , drawing skilled cyclists from the countries that traditionally produce strong racers , such as Italy , France and Netherlands . Although after the changes in 1989 the race lost some of its prestige for the cyclists in the peloton , nowadays it becomes more and more attractive for them . For example , in 2010 Francisco Mancebo who finished second in the 2004 Vuelta a España and fourth in the 2005 Tour de France , competed in it but only succeeded to finish third after the Bulgarian Krasimir Vasilev and Ricardo Mestre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0725c6c6b7bb73fe2c14b50c16400310", "text": "Helena Suková Helena Suková ( -LSB- ˈɦɛlɛna ˈsukovaː -RSB- ) ( born 23 February 1965 ) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic . During her career , she won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles , 9 of them in women 's doubles and 5 of them in mixed doubles . She also was a four-time Grand Slam singles runner-up and won 10 singles titles and 69 doubles titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1f036f2853512ff279ef28ba859c807", "text": "Inga Artamonova Inga Grigoryevna Artamonova ( И́нга Григо́рьевна Артамо́нова 29 August 1936 -- 4 January 1966 ) was a Soviet speed skater , the first four-time Allround World Champion in women 's speed skating history . After her marriage in 1959 to fellow speed skater Gennady Voronin , she was also known as Inga Voronina . At the age of twelve , Inga Artamonova began rowing , becoming Master of Sports of the USSR and winning in the USSR Junior Championships . Later , she began speed skating . Skating for Dynamo in Moscow , Artamonova won the World Allround Speed Skating Championships in 1957 , 1958 , and 1962 , and was second in 1963 and 1964 before capturing her fourth World Championships title in 1965 . She also was five times Soviet Allround Champion and 26 times Soviet Champion in individual distances . Over the course of her career , Artamonova set of a number of world records , including four in two days in 1962 when she set new marks on the 500 m , 1,500 m , and 3,000 m , which also resulted in a new world record on the mini combination ( 500 m -- 1,000 m -- 1,500 m -- 3,000 m ; the distances then in use at the World Allround Championships for women ) . She was also eight times winner of the prestigious Kirov Prize , winning all editions between 1958 and 1965 . Her husband Gennady , who could not deal with all Artamonova 's successes , had by this time become an alcoholic and seen his own speed skating career vanish . Murdered by Gennady at the age of 29 , Artamonova was interred in the Vagankovskoye Cemetery in Moscow . She is the author of the book `` I Am Learning to Go on the Ground '' , which was published after her death , in 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30df1803c1c23b107dad62a152cb50f1", "text": "Daniela Urzi Daniela Urzi ( -LSB- daˈnjela ˈursi -RSB- ; born October 28 , 1975 , San Fernando , Buenos Aires ) is a fashion model from Argentina . She has appeared in fashion campaigns for Armani Jeans , the Giorgio Armani collection , Roberto Cavalli , Burberry , and John Richmond , and has done catalog work for Victoria 's Secret . Her magazine covers include international editions of Vogue and ELLE . Directly from Latin America , a new young man has managed to carve out a prestigious niche in the world of fashion . Daniela Urzi is not only just a girl of study or a body 86-59-86 ( chest , waist , hip ) walking on the catwalk , is a name that is printed on paper and has managed to achieve that throne , within Argentine models only he had Valeria Mazza . But unlike the latter , Daniela flees the look of blond with blue eyes and points to the rage of the moment wearing a brown hair that enhances his blue eyes . This gives it a personal touch that has been captured on the covers of various publications such as Marie Claire ( France ) , Elle ( Spain and Argentina ) , Cosmopolitan ( Argentina ) and Harper 's Bazaar . It has also been the face of brands like Victoria ' s Secret Cortefiel , Silhouette , Mango , Giorgio Armani , Candy , Margaret Astor , La Perla , Burberry , Chanel N ° 5 , Revlon and Triumph . -", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ee977ee4f7b9e8e1da8f7b3e907d657", "text": "Margaret Court career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Australian former tennis player Margaret Court . She won 64 Grand Slam events ( 24 singles , 19 doubles , 21 mixed doubles ) , which is a record for a male or female player . Her 24 Grand Slam singles titles and 21 in mixed doubles are also all-time records for both sexes . She achieved a career Grand Slam in singles , doubles , and mixed doubles . She is one of two women to have achieved the calendar year Grand Slam in singles in the Open Era ( alongside Steffi Graf ) , and is the only woman to have achieved the mixed doubles Grand Slam , which she did twice . Court won more than half of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played ( 24 of 47 ) . She won 192 singles titles before and after the Open Era , an all-time record . Her career singles win-loss record was 1,177-106 , for a winning percentage of 91.74 percent on all surfaces ( hard , clay , grass , carpet ) , is also an all-time record . She won at least 100 singles matches in 1965 ( 113-8 ) , 1968 ( 107-12 ) , 1969 ( 104-6 ) , 1970 ( 110-6 ) , and 1973 ( 108-6 ) . She won more than 80 percent of her singles matches against top 10 players ( 297-73 ) and was the year-end top ranked player seven times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e3cb4e3124ce49ef99aca757a48911", "text": "2005 Zurich Open The 2005 Zurich Open was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts . It was the 22nd edition of the event known as the Zurich Open , and was part of the Tier I Series of the 2002 WTA Tour . It took place at the Hallenstadion in Zürich , Switzerland , from 17 October through 23 October 2002 . First-seeded Lindsay Davenport won the singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4ad9859af7e0afe3733eb40a5487701", "text": "2008–09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's 3000 and 5000 metres The 3000 and 5000 metres distances for women in the 2008 -- 09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup were contested over six races on six occasions , out of a total of nine World Cup occasions for the season , with the first occasion taking place in Berlin , Germany , on 7 -- 9 November 2008 , and the final occasion taking place in Salt Lake City , United States , on 6 -- 7 March 2009 . Martina Sáblíková of the Czech Republic successfully defended her title from the previous season , while Daniela Anschütz-Thoms of Germany came second , and Kristina Groves of Canada came third .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a568bd39e5ac1cafdfb1a366d624f1cc", "text": "Olga Panova Olga Alexandrovna Panova ( Ольга Александровна Панова born 7 January 1987 in Krasnodar ) is a retired Russian tennis player . Panova won nine doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career . On 17 July 2006 , she reached her best singles ranking of world number 274 . On 21 August 2006 , she peaked at world number 192 in the doubles rankings . Partnering Ekaterina Makarova in 2005 , Panova was runner-up at the $ 75,000 ITF Al Habtoor Tennis Challenge . She made her WTA tour debut at the 2006 İstanbul Cup , partnering Vasilisa Davydova in doubles , but lost her first round match against Yuliana Fedak and Eva Hrdinová . Olga 's younger sister , Alexandra Panova , is also a tennis player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbe11b02c3ffad2b78f7fa8abfff5595", "text": "Sidecar World Championship FIM Sidecar World Championship is the international sidecar racing championship . It is the only remaining original FIM road racing championship class that started in 1949 . It was formerly named Superside when the sidecars moved from being part of Grand Prix Motorcycles racing to being support events for the Superbike World Championship . In 2010 the FIM took over the management of the series from the Superside promoters , and the championship was called `` FIM Sidecar World Championship '' . However , the FIM still uses the word Superside for promotion purposes , despite the demise of the Superside promoters . The championship is raced over a number of rounds ( 8 in 2013 ) at race circuits , mainly in Europe , although in other years they have been held in United States ( Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca ) , South Africa ( Kyalami ) and Australia ( Phillip Island ) . The 2013 Calendar consists of races in Aragon ( Spain , supporting the WSBK ) , Rijeka ( Croatia ) , two rounds at Assen ( Netherlands , first round supporting MotoGP ) , Sachsenring ( Germany , supporting MotoGP ) , Oschersleben ( Germany , supporting Endurance World Championship ) , Schleiz ( Germany ) , and Le Mans ( France , supporting Endurance World Championship ) . In 2014 , for the first time a Kawasaki rig won the title with Tim Reeves and Gregory Cluze ending an 11 years consecutive Suzuki run . In 2016 Kirsi Kainulainen became the first woman motorcycle world champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29b581320358b4f14a090082f6c7365c", "text": "Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova career statistics This is a list of career statistics of Russian professional tennis player Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova . To date , Pavlyuchenkova has won ten singles titles and five doubles titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6708ad38b8d4893eae8df5d0e0e20246", "text": "Stephanie DeFina Stephanie DeFina Johnson ( born March 8 , 1946 ) is an American former amateur tennis player who was active in the 1960s and early 1970s . DeFina was included in the year-end top ten rankings issued by the United States Lawn Tennis Association from 1966 through 1968 , reaching a career high ranking of seventh in 1967 . Her best singles result at a Grand Slam tournament was reaching the fourth round of the 1967 Wimbledon Championships in which she lost to Ann Jones . In 1966 , she reached the final of the U.S. Women 's Clay Court Championships before falling to Nancy Richey . In 1969 , she was a doubles runner-up at the New England Women 's Invitational Indoor Tennis Championships ( teaming with Kathy Pigeon ) and was the singles runner-up at the U.S. Indoor Championships . At the tournament in Cincinnati , DeFina won two singles titles : in 1963 ( defeating Jane `` Peaches '' Bartkowicz in the final ) and 1965 ( defeating Roberta Alison in the final ) . She also paired with Alison to win the Cincinnati doubles title in 1965 . In 1968 DeFina was a member of the U.S. team that competed for the Wightman Cup , the annual women 's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain . She played the doubles match partnering Kathy Harter but lost to the sister team of Christine Truman Janes and Nell Truman . DeFina was a member of the 1974 World Team Tennis champion Denver Racquets .", "title": "" } ]	fever
812def33a261c02c70f22b44d271260f	Foo Fighters plays rock music.	[ { "docid": "b70684a600f70cd4c52f2263c67f704c", "text": "Foo Fighters Foo Fighters is an American rock band , formed in Seattle , Washington in 1994 . It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a one-man project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the death of Kurt Cobain . The group got its name from the UFOs and various aerial phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II , which were known collectively as `` foo fighters '' . Prior to the release of Foo Fighters ' 1995 debut album Foo Fighters , which featured Grohl as the only official member , Grohl recruited bassist Nate Mendel and drummer William Goldsmith , both formerly of Sunny Day Real Estate , as well as Nirvana touring guitarist Pat Smear to complete the lineup . The band began with performances in Portland , Oregon . Goldsmith quit during the recording of the group 's second album , The Colour and the Shape ( 1997 ) , when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself . Smear 's departure followed soon afterward , though he would rejoin them in 2006 . They were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl , respectively , although Stahl was fired before the recording of the group 's third album , There Is Nothing Left to Lose ( 1999 ) . The band briefly continued as a trio until Chris Shiflett joined as the band 's lead guitarist after the completion of There Is Nothing Left to Lose . The band released its fourth album , One by One , in 2002 . The group followed that release with the two-disc In Your Honor ( 2005 ) , which was split between acoustic songs and heavier material . Foo Fighters released its sixth album , Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace , in 2007 . The band 's seventh studio album , Wasting Light , produced by Butch Vig was released in 2011 , in which Smear returned as a full member . In November 2014 , the band 's eighth studio album , Sonic Highways , was released as an accompanying soundtrack to the Grohl-directed 2014 miniseries of the same name . Over the course of the band 's career , four of its albums have won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album . As of 2015 , the band 's eight albums have sold 12 million copies in the U.S. , and 30 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1f360bf5f71ba0379f58ed253012c7de", "text": "Acrobat (song) `` Acrobat '' is a song by rock band U2 . It is the eleventh track on their 1991 album Achtung Baby . The critical failure of Rattle and Hum ( 1988 ) led the band to seek a harder sound in their music . The song developed from a riff created by guitarist The Edge , and is played in a time signature . Thematically the song contains elements of hypocrisy , alienation , and moral confusion . `` Acrobat '' has never been performed live , although it was rehearsed prior to the third leg of the Zoo TV Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f888ae2962b63e5e8f4364873ac979", "text": "Rock and roll (disambiguation) Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s . Rock and roll or Rock n ' roll may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b5e3ed740d68c08aa0de5fc48107ba", "text": "Alice Cooper (band) Alice Cooper was an American rock band formed in Phoenix , Arizona in 1964 . The band consisted of lead singer Vince Furnier , Glen Buxton ( lead guitar ) , Michael Bruce ( rhythm guitar , keyboards ) , Dennis Dunaway ( bass guitar ) , and Neal Smith ( drums ) . Furnier legally changed his name to Alice Cooper and has had a solo career under that name since the band became inactive in 1975 . The band was notorious for their elaborate , theatrical shock rock stage shows . In 2011 , the original Alice Cooper band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . After several years of little success , the Alice Cooper band rose to fame in 1971 with the success of the single `` I 'm Eighteen '' and the album Love It to Death . The band peaked in popularity in 1973 with the album Billion Dollar Babies and its tour , which broke box-office records previously held by The Rolling Stones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c27ef1de814184f91e17e180389cf75", "text": "Backstage pass A backstage pass is an employee pass which allows its bearer access to employees-only areas at a performance venue . They are most commonly associated with rock music groups . Such passes are usually a laminated paper worn on a lanyard , or on chain link or key chain holder at the belt , or a simpler `` stick-on '' applied to one 's clothing . Plastic or paper wristbands may also be used . However , some elaborately designed backstage passes have been used by Bill Graham Productions/Winterland , Beaver Productions and many other regional and local promoters . To deter counterfeiting , passes often include holograms or color-shifting properties . At any one concert or event there are about 200 to 400 backstage passes available . Again , mainly these are for the performers , stage crews , roadies , security guards , performer 's agents . Sometimes relatives or close friends of performers , stage crew , promoters , etc. . will get backstage passes to concerts . Some venues ( including the House of Blues venues and Irving Plaza in New York ) require their own passes to be worn , even by laminate holders for the tour . Large music festivals , such as Ozzfest and the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival also usually issue their own passes . Backstage passes sometimes become memorabilia sold to die-hard fans , especially when the pass is signed by a performer . In media , the term `` Backstage Pass '' may be used to signify the presence of expanded coverage of certain musical groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8120644b8e9940e11142032a48f0d7c", "text": "Jetboy (band) Jetboy is an American San Francisco-based hard rock band founded in 1983 by guitarists Billy Rowe and Fernie Rod . Best described as a blend of edgy rock and roll with a traditional blues based influence . Jetboy got the attention of music fans and record executives alike in Hollywood during the mid 1980s . The band transplanted themselves to Los Angeles in 1986 after signing a deal with Elektra Records . Their musical influences ranged from punk rock to rock 'n' roll to blues . Their 1988 debut album Feel the Shake peaked at 135 on The Billboard 200 . After parting ways with original bass player Todd Crew in mid-1987 , the band was joined by former Hanoi Rocks member Sami Yaffa . Yaffa , a member of one of the groups Jetboy had found most influential , was now a member of the band as their new bassist . In August 1987 Todd Crew died due to a drug overdose in the hotel room of Guns N ' Roses guitarist Slash . Jetboy continued on into the 1990s before disbanding in 1992 . However , over a decade later , Jetboy reconvened , toured and recorded a new EP , Off Your Rocker in 2010 . Having been absent from the studio for some 20 years , Jetboy recorded Off Your Rocker in a fully organic mode . The band played all in the same room together in a `` live-style '' format in an effort to duplicate the way the songs were written , all together , in a true 1970 's fashion where the band could feed off of one another 's energy . Jetboy has continued to gain in popularity , and has continuously played to large crowds at festivals across the United States including Rocklahoma , The South Texas Rock Fest , Rock the Bayou & The M3 Festival two times . On June 1 , 2012 Jetboy did a 25-year reunion for their debut album ` Feel The Shake ' at the Whisky A Go Go in Hollywood . The show was also a release party for the movie Rock Of Ages which featured a few images of Jetboy . The line-up for this show included all original members with a surprise appearance by their second bass player Sami Yaffa who is currently playing in the Michael Monroe Band . This was the first time they all shared the stage together in over 20 years . Jetboy plan to continue with the original line-up with Charles Norman on bass who replaced Yaffa for the Damnednation tour in 1989 . January 25 , 2014 during NAMM weekend Jetboy supported Faster Pussycat at the Whisky A Go-Go to a sold out crowd to celebrate the club 's 50-year anniversary . Jetboy geared up in late 2015 to bring their style of rock n roll to the stage again . The band performed at Riki Rachtman 's Cathouse Live on August 15 , 2015 at the Irvine Meadows Amphitheater in Irvine , California . Three songs from Feel the Shake were featured in the 1989 movie The ` Burbs , starring Tom Hanks . They were `` Bloodstone '' , `` Locked in a Cage '' and `` Make Some Noise '' . Additionally , two songs from Feel the Shake , `` Feel the Shake '' and `` Make Some Noise '' were also featured in the 1989 movie She 's Out of Control .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4ba42437e7c70dbbd094bd95b98dc32", "text": "Rock en español Rock en español ( Spanish-language rock ) is a term used widely in the English-speaking world to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals . Unlike English-speaking bands , very few acts reached worldwide success and often not even between different Spanish-speaking countries due to a lack of promotion . Despite rock en español 's origins in the late 1950s , many rock acts achieved at best nationwide fame until the Internet consolidated the listeners . However , some rock en español artists did become internationally popular with the help of a promotional campaign from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s called `` Rock en tu idioma '' ( Rock in your language ) . Some specific rock-based styles influenced by folkloric rhythms have also developed in these regions . Some of the more prominent styles are Latin rock , a fusion of rock music with Latin American and Caribbean folkloric sounds developed in Latino communities ; Latin alternative , an alternative rock scene which blended a Latin sound with other genres like Caribbean ska , reggae , and soca ; or Andalusian rock , a flamenco-influenced style that emerged in Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76c540d81a7f85f080dde15c77857a5e", "text": "Traditional heavy metal Traditional heavy metal , also known as classic metal , or traditional metal , is the seminal genre of heavy metal music before the genre `` evolved and splintered into many different styles and subgenres . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e89abee37e782969968d94fbcc5a3b", "text": "Rock or Bust Rock or Bust is a studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It is their fifteenth internationally released studio album and the sixteenth to be released in Australia . It is the shortest studio album ever released by the band ; at approximately 35 minutes , it is two minutes shorter than their previous shortest album , Flick of the Switch , which was released in 1983 . Rock or Bust also was the group 's first album without founding member and rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young , who had retired from the band in 2014 due to health concerns , although he co-wrote every track on the album . Bass guitarist Cliff Williams has also retired since Rock or Bust was released , drummer Phil Rudd was unable to participate in the supporting tour after being sentenced to house arrest , and vocalist Brian Johnson was forced to exit the band after the fifth leg of the album 's supporting tour as a result of hearing loss . The group released the debut single from the album , titled `` Play Ball '' , on 7 October 2014 . The song has been a commercial success , reaching the top 40 charts in various countries such as Spain ( at number 28 ) , France ( at number 39 ) or Switzerland ( at number 19 ) . Rock or Bust peaked at # 1 in 12 countries , including Australia , Canada , Germany and Sweden . It reached the top 5 in a further 12 countries , including New Zealand , the United Kingdom , the United States and Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65718582f62dd18f1c2a561a825bc88e", "text": "Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable . After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour . More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part : `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . '' On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "847b500287d8eb1e1f033a0e90162f5c", "text": "Kayōkyoku is a Japanese pop music genre , which became a base of modern J-pop . The Japan Times describes kayōkyoku as `` standard Japanese pop '' or `` Shōwa-era pop '' . Kayōkyoku is Western-style-inspired music of Japan . Music in this genre is extremely varied as a result . Kayōkyoku in the narrower and more practical sense , however , excludes J-pop and enka . Unlike `` J-pop '' singers such as Southern All Stars ' Keisuke Kuwata , the singers of the kayōkyoku genre do not use stylized pronunciations based on the English language , but prefer traditional Japanese . There are exceptions , such as in singer Momoe Yamaguchi 's song `` Rock 'n' Roll Widow '' . Unlike enka , kayōkyoku is also not based on emotional displays of effort while singing . Famous kayōkyoku artists include Kyu Sakamoto , The Peanuts , The Tigers , Candies , Pink Lady , Seiko Matsuda , Junko Sakurada , The Checkers and Onyanko Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86e9d2565101256113b31f9e42dbbddc", "text": "The Fugs (album) The Fugs is a 1966 album by The Fugs , described in their AllMusic profile as `` arguably the first underground rock group of all time '' . The album charted number 95 on Billboard 's `` Top Pop Albums '' chart . The album was re-released on CD in 1993 as The Fugs Second Album under the Fantasy label with five additional tracks : two live performances and three tracks recorded for Atlantic in 1967 for an album that was never released . In its review of the re-release , AllMusic finds them `` very ahead of their time lyrically '' and compares them to the punk band Dead Kennedys , both lyrically and in their shared `` weakness for crude humor '' . In 2013 , David Bowie included it in a list of 25 of his favourite albums , `` Confessions of a Vinyl Junkie '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c5d3e948b51696e459e9976c4d0c3", "text": "Tuff Enuff (song) `` Tuff Enuff '' is a song by the blues rock band The Fabulous Thunderbirds . It was written by the band 's lead singer Kim Wilson and appeared on the album Tuff Enuff . It was produced by Dave Edmunds . Released as a single in 1986 , `` Tuff Enuff '' peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , at number four on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and it appeared on the top 20 charts in other countries as well . It was ranked # 96 on VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s . It was the band 's first single and has since become the band 's most well-known song . It also had an accompanying music video directed by Harry Lake . The song was covered by Wynonna Judd for her 2000 album , New Day Dawning . In 2015 , the song was performed by Dave Grohl and his band the Foo Fighters at Austin City Limits , along with guest artists Gary Clark , Jr. and former Thunderbird Jimmie Vaughan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3722301fe86dd9b5044bfd55b93192ac", "text": "Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' . Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event . Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge . There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act . The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck . In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cde6b7dfe95621f4cc4759a6f8acd3c9", "text": "Dancing Cigarettes The Cigarettes are a popular post-punk and art band based in Bloomington , Indiana and active from 1979 through 1983 . They were part of a cadre of Bloomington-based bands that made an impact on the underground music scene . Other bands included The Gizmos , Zero Boys , Dow Jones and the Industrials , and MX-80 Sound . These bands established Indiana as an innovative breeding ground for punk , post-punk and new wave music in the late 1970s and early 1980s . The group changed line-ups frequently , but typically consisted of singer/guitarist Michael Gitlin , bassist Emily Bonus , keyboardists and multi-instrumentalists Tim Noe and Jaclyn Oddi , drummer John Terrill , and saxophonist Don Trubey . More avant-pop than post-punk , their music was as eclectic as their members ' musical talents would lead one to believe , ranging from squonky Beefheart rock to bouncy Devo-esque new wave , as evidenced by the brilliant `` Pop Doormat '' , which opens with a deceptively anthemic synth line , then uses an ebullient bass and keyboard melody to underscore a disconsolate lyrical theme that wraps with the repeated question `` What am I waiting for ? '' The band performed regularly in numerous venues in Bloomington , including Second Story , Bullwinkle 's , the Bluebird , and The Gentry Remedy . The band also traveled extensively and performed a venues throughout the US , including CBGB in New York , the Music Box in Kansas City , Mister Goodbar in Buffalo , Tewligans in Louisville , Space Place in Chicago , and many others . The Cigarettes ' musical style is most frequently characterized by the repeated use of hard dissonances ( minor 2nd 's , major 7th 's ) in combination with angular rhythmic patterns . At times , dissonances are densely packed , as in the thick web of atonal clusters supporting the lyrics of `` Broken Windows . '' A more spacious use of dissonance is found in `` Simple Machines , '' clarified by an intriguing orchestration of the band 's various instrumental sounds . `` Puppies in a Sack '' and `` Piano Lesson/Smith Street '' share a similar `` additive process '' technique in the gradual building of their dissonant and polytonal textures . Combined with this predominantly modular organization of material is a powerful sense of linear motion frequently provided by the band 's lyrics . Often the emotive verbal scenarios create tenuous implications of direction which counteract the clouds of tonal density . In `` Puppies in a Sack , '' the relentless repetition of `` It was fun for a while '' evokes a resignation to nostalgia , which is arrested by the plaintive admission , `` But that was a while ago ! '' The group recorded frequently but released very little material ( one 7 '' EP and a few appearances on compilations ) while they were a performing organization . Two CDs of their material have been released in the years since the band broke up . Discography 1981 , Red Snerts : The Sound of Gulcher LP ( Gulcher 004 ) Various Artists sampler including `` Broken Windows '' . This has been reissued on CD as Gulcher 404 1981 , The Gulcher 7 '' EP ( Gulcher 007 ) Puppies In A Sack , Mr. Morse , Pop Doormat , Best Friend 1981 , Segments compilation ( Sirius Music 101 ) Burn in Heaven 1982 , Son of Segments compilation ( Sirius Music 103 ) Dance Dogs Dance 1996 , The School of Secret Music CD ( Turnstile Media TM-2 ) Studio : Bells are Ringing , Burn in Heaven , Jungle Book , Golden Moment , Razor Hand , Heat Pump , Dance Dogs Dance , Bury Your Picture.Live Studio Radio Recordings from Lawrence , Kansas : Poignant , Piano Lesson/Smith Street , Burnt Toast , Nervous and Wrong , Bad Bad Boy , Up Thru the Spiral , Spanish Modern/Insect Boxing , Feel this Pain , Pop Doormat , `` D '' in Anger 2002 , The Gulcher Recordings : 1980-1981 CDStudio : Puppies in a Sack , Mr. Morse , Pop Doormat , Best Friend , Broken Windows , Simple Machines , Poignant ( the final two being outtakes from the EP sessions ) Live at the Bluebird , June 1981 : Whattayawannadonext ? , Mr. Morse , Puppies in a Sack , Talking and Talking , Feel This Pain , Finger Pictures/Razor Hand , Eggs Any Style/Diet of Worms , Banana Industrial Complex , Monsters Eat My Hell , Jackie O/Too Mental For Me , Drawn By You , Burn in Heaven 2016 , Dance Dogs Dance LP ( Magnetic South MS 048 ) Side 1 : Dance Dogs Dance , I Do n't Like Linoleum , Burn in Heaven , Pop Doormat , Bad Bad Boy , Finger Pictures , Razor Hand , Side 2 : Bells are Ringing , Golden Moment , Poignant , Drawn by You , Little Green Thing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee7d55cae9af22df65d458199dfeb25", "text": "The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion . The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 . The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a096452a22f0807c7d59cf9d5007bf88", "text": "Music video game A music video game , also commonly known as a music game , is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player 's interactions with a musical score or individual songs . Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of `` rhythmically generated puzzles '' . Strong support for the convergence of live music and video games is evident with the success of the Video Games Live concert series . Emergent games for live concert performance , `` game-scores '' , augment traditional western music notation with the dramatic elements of animation , interactivity , graphic elements and aleatoric principles ( Anigraphical Music ) . The concept of incorporating game theory and music is not new and can be traced back to Musikalisches Würfelspiel . Music video games are distinct from purely audio games ( e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound : Kaze no Regret ) in that they feature a visual feedback , to lead the player through the game 's soundtrack , although eidetic music games can fall under both categories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "412fb7fa4169a15b8afc79a6b544502d", "text": "Florence and the Machine discography English indie rock band Florence and the Machine have released three studio albums , two live albums , six extended plays , 20 singles , two promotional singles and 23 music videos . Florence and the Machine released their first extended play , A Lot of Love . A Lot of Blood , in March 2009 . Their debut studio album , Lungs , was released in July 2009 through Island Records , reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart in January 2010 . The album was subsequently certified quintuple platinum in the United Kingdom , quadruple platinum in Ireland and triple platinum in Australia . The album 's lead single `` Kiss with a Fist '' peaked at number 51 on the UK Singles Chart . This was succeeded by the single `` Dog Days Are Over '' , which reached number 23 in the UK and number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Third single `` Rabbit Heart ( Raise It Up ) '' reached number 12 in the UK and number 41 in Ireland . `` Drumming Song '' was released as the fourth single , charting at number 54 in the UK . `` You 've Got the Love '' , a cover of The Source 's song of the same name , peaked at number five in the UK and number nine in Australia . A performance at the 2010 BRIT Awards on 17 February 2010 saw the Dizzee Rascal-assisted mash-up `` You Got the Dirtee Love '' debut at number two in the UK . The album 's sixth and final single , `` Cosmic Love '' , peaked at number 51 in the UK and number three in Ireland . The band 's second studio album , Ceremonials , was released in October 2011 , debuting atop the charts in the UK , Ireland , Australia and New Zealand . The album 's release was preceded by the promotional single `` What the Water Gave Me '' , which peaked at number 24 in the UK , number 13 in Ireland and number 15 in New Zealand . Lead single `` Shake It Out '' became the band 's fifth top-40 hit in the UK , peaking at number 12 upon release in September 2011 . The track also attained international chart success , reaching number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming the band 's highest-peaking single in Ireland , where it reached number two . The album also saw the release of singles `` No Light , No Light '' and `` Never Let Me Go '' , which peaked at numbers 50 and 82 on the UK chart , respectively . Their next release `` Spectrum ( Say My Name ) '' peaked at number one in the UK , becoming their first UK number-one single . In June 2015 , Florence and the Machine released their third studio album , How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful , which debuted at number one in eight countries including the UK and the US and reached the top 10 of 20 countries . The album had sold over a million copies worldwide by the end of 2015 and has been certified platinum in the UK , Australia and Poland , and gold in New Zealand . It was promoted by the singles `` What Kind of Man '' and `` Ship to Wreck '' , which both reached the top 40 in the UK , Ireland and New Zealand , as well as `` Queen of Peace '' and `` Delilah '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8811514992361fc78b7747276a7a916", "text": "Rockin' All Over the World (album) Rockin ' All Over the World is the tenth studio album by the British band Status Quo , released 1977 . It is the first of their records to be produced by Pip Williams , and the first to feature Andy Bown as a regular contributor to the band ; he would later join the band officially in 1982 . It was released in November 1977 , and reached # 5 . The title track , written and originally recorded by John Fogerty , was released by Quo as a single in September 1977 , reaching a peak position of # 3 . Its b-side was `` Ring of a Change '' , from their previous studio album . No other singles were issued from the album , although `` Ca n't Give You More '' was re-recorded by the band in 1991 for their album `` Rock 'Til You Drop '' and issued as a single , reaching # 37 . The album was reissued by Mercury in 2005 with a bonus track -- a cover of the Beatles ' `` Getting Better '' , which they had initially recorded in 1976 for the soundtrack of the film All This and World War II -LSB- Catalog # 982 596-9 -RSB- . This track was not included on the deluxe edition released in late 2015 , however for this reissue the entire album was remixed and re-ordered by original engineer John Eden and added alongside the new remaster . Several of the new mixes feature longer play-outs and the overall sound was stripped back to the core of two guitars , bass and drums , with occasional keyboard parts left in . As a further bonus , four demos were included .", "title": "" } ]	fever
01202027cef710d7ad9d16eaea3ccf72	Nigeria is not Africa's largest economy.	[ { "docid": "9a2465284ea7ddd31bf2d7ef34a727d8", "text": "Nigeria The Federal Republic of Nigeria -LSB- naɪˈdʒɪəriə -RSB- , commonly referred to as Nigeria , is a federal republic in West Africa , bordering Benin in the west , Chad and Cameroon in the east , and Niger in the north . Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean . It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory , where the capital , Abuja is located . Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country . Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia . The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century , and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914 . The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms . Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960 , and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970 . It has since alternated between democratically elected civilian governments and military dictatorships , until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999 , with the 2011 presidential elections considered the first to be reasonably free and fair . Nigeria is often referred to as the `` Giant of Africa '' , owing to its large population and economy . With approximately 184 million inhabitants , Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world . Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world . The country is viewed as a multinational state , as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups , of which the three largest are the Hausa , Igbo and Yoruba ; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages , and are identified with wide variety of cultures . The official language is English . Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians , who live mostly in the southern part of the country , and Muslims in the northern part . A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria , such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities . , Nigeria is the world 's 20th largest economy , worth more than $ 500 billion and $ 1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively . It overtook South Africa to become Africa 's largest economy in 2014 . The 2013 debt-to-GDP ratio was 11 percent . Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank ; it has been identified as a regional power on the African continent , a middle power in international affairs , and has also been identified as an emerging global power . Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries , which are widely seen as the globe 's next `` BRIC-like '' economies . It is also listed among the `` Next Eleven '' economies set to become among the biggest in the world . Nigeria is a founding member of the African Union and a member of many other international organizations , including the United Nations , the Commonwealth of Nations and OPEC .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7113be9e6ea0e976d5e72c2bf5d9fc8f", "text": "Ghana–Nigeria relations Ghana -- Nigeria relations are the bilateral diplomatic relations between the Republic of Ghana and the Federal Republic of Nigeria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3793b8a1e50e7ee202f8839313d39ec", "text": "Ogun State Ògùn '' ' is a state in southwestern Nigeria . Created in 1976 , it borders Lagos State to the south , Oyo and Osun states to the north , Ondo to the east and the Republic of Benin to the west . Abeokuta is the capital and largest city in the state . The state 's nickname is `` Gateway to Nigeria '' . It was created in February 1976 from the former Western State . The 2006 census recorded a total population of 3,751,140 residents . Other cities and towns in the Ogun State are Ijebu Ode , Sagamu , Ijebu Igbo , Ogere Remo , Iperu , Ilaro Ayetoro and Ota . The state is notable for having a high concentration of industrial estates and being a major manufacturing hub in Nigeria . Major factories in Ogun include : Dangote Cement factory in Ibese , Nestle , Lafarge Cement factory in Ewekoro and Coleman Cables in Sagamu and Arepo , Procter & Gamble in Agbara , amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42943c17eebfd23b329980791d8dca86", "text": "Union of African States The Union of African States ( Union des Etats africains ) , sometimes called the Ghana-Guinea-Mali Union , was a short-lived and loose regional organization formed 1958 linking the West African nations of Ghana and Guinea as the Union of Independent African States . Mali joined in 1960 . It disbanded in 1963 . The union planned to develop a common currency and unified foreign policy amongst members ; however , none of these proposals were implemented by the countries . The union was the first organization in Africa to bring together former colonies of the British and the French . Although the union was open to all independent states in Africa , no other states joined . The union had a limited impact on politics as there was never any administration or permanent meetings to support the goals of unity . Its legacy was largely limited to longstanding political relationships between Kwame Nkrumah ( President and Prime Minister of Ghana 1957 -- 1966 ) , Ahmed Sékou Touré ( President of Guinea 1958 -- 1984 ) , and Modibo Keïta ( President of Mali 1960 -- 1968 ) . The union again came into the news when Nkrumah was named as the co-president of Guinea after he was deposed as President of Ghana by a military coup in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b24dc10101f1f99d6e9f36248f6ac7d", "text": "Nigerian Conservation Foundation The Nigerian Conservation Foundation is a prominent environmental non-governmental organization which works to preserve the natural resources and biodiversity of Nigeria . The Foundation was founded in 1980 by Shafi Edu and has worked since then on a number of resource management and conservation projects across Nigeria . Chief Ede Dafinone is the current Chairman of the Foundation and Mr. Adeniyi Karunwi is its Director General . One of the founders was Akintola Williams . The Akintola Williams Arboretum at the Nigerian Conservation Foundation headquarters in Lagos is named in his honor . The Foundation 's is involved in conservation efforts on a number of fronts . It engages in lobbying work both at the national and state levels . It also has a number of educational initiatives both to raise awareness of environmental issues in Nigeria and to encourage sustainable practices . It works with higher education , primary and secondary schools , and with the general public through local initiatives in target areas . It 's scientific staff is engaged in research and management plans in reserves , parks , and wildlife habitats across the country . It also advises industry on sustainable development and environmental impacts for their projects in Nigeria . The foundation also promotes environmental tourism with the goal of expanding awareness of Nigeria 's natural resources and also creating economic incentives for continued and expanded preservation . The NCF has partnerships with a number of international environmental groups including the World Wildlife Fund , the International Union for the Conservation of Nature , BirdLife International , Wetlands International , Fauna and Flora International , and the Wildlife Conservation Society . It has also partnered with several industry groups including Chevron and BG Group on issues involving Nigeria 's growing oil and gas industry . The NCF established Lekki Conservation Centre in 1990 . In 1992 , the NCF was recognized by the UN Environmental Program , which added it to its Global 500 Roll of Honour , a group of individuals and organizations making important contributions to the environment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "858e93c0d04a6521eff3b87ca4b8a9b4", "text": "Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ( -LSB- zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country . The capital and largest city is Harare . A country of roughly 13 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used . Since the 11th century , present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade . The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s ; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923 . In 1965 , the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia . The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces ; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty in April 1980 . Zimbabwe then rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations -- which it withdrew from in 2003 . It is a member of the United Nations , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) . Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980 , when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule ; he has been the president of Zimbabwe since 1987 . Under Mugabe 's authoritarian regime , the state security apparatus has dominated the country and been responsible for widespread human rights violations . Mugabe has maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric from the Cold War era , blaming Zimbabwe 's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries , while still executing conservative policies . Burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials , contemporary African political leaders have been reluctant to criticise Mugabe , though Archbishop Desmond Tutu has called him `` a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d219eb15567918ff3ba6d31857a33da", "text": "Church of Nigeria The Church of Nigeria is the Anglican church in Nigeria . It is the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion , as measured by baptized membership ( but not by attendance ) , after the Church of England . It gives its current membership as `` over 18 million '' , out of a total Nigerian population of 140 million . Other statistics reveal that the Church of Nigeria has 2 million active attendees on a Sunday . Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces . It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 . The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja . Its primate is Archbishop Nicholas Okoh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93732bd0660a49abe719f1513735f978", "text": "Benin Empire The Benin Empire was a pre-colonial empire located in what is now southern Nigeria . Its capital was Edo , now known as Benin City , Edo . It should not be confused with the modern-day country called Benin , formerly called Dahomey . The Benin Empire was `` one of the oldest and most highly developed states in the coastal hinterland of West Africa , dating perhaps to the eleventh century CE '' , until it was annexed by the British Empire in 1897 . The original people and founders of the Benin Empire , the Edo people , were initially ruled by the Ogiso ( Kings of the Sky ) dynasty who called their land Igodomigodo . The rulers or kings were commonly known as Ogiso . Igodo , the first Ogiso , wielded much influence and gained popularity as a good ruler . He died after a long reign and was succeeded by Ere , his eldest son . In the 12th century , a great palace intrigue and battle for power erupted between the warrior crown prince Ekaladerhan son of the last Ogiso and his young paternal uncle . In anger over an oracle , Prince Ekaladerhan left the royal court with his warriors . When his old father the Ogiso died , the Ogiso dynasty was ended as the people and royal kingmakers preferred their king 's son as natural next in line to rule . The exiled Prince Ekaladerhan later became Izoduwa or Oduduwa the first Oni in uhe ( ile ife ) . Oranmiyan , grand son of Oduduwa took up his abode in the palace built for him at Usama by the elders ( now a coronation shrine ) . Soon after his arrival he married a beautiful lady , Erinmwinde , daughter of Osa-nego , was the ninth Enogie ( Duke ) of Ego , by whom he had a son . After some years residence here he called a meeting of the people and renounced his office , remarking that the country was a land of vexation , Ile-Ibinu ( by which name the country was afterward known ) and that only a child born , trained and educated in the arts and mysteries of the land could reign over the people . He caused his son born to him by Erinmwinde to be made King in his place , and returned to Yoruba land Ile-Ife . After some years in Ife , he left for Oyo , where he also left a son behind on leaving the place , and his son Ajaka ultimately became the first Alafin of Oyo of the present line , while Oranmiyan himself was reigning as Oni of Ife . Therefore , Oranmiyan of Ife , the father of Eweka I , the Oba of Benin , was also the father of Ajaka , the first Alafin of Oyo . Oni of Ife and Alafe of Oyo . By the 15th century , Edo as a system of protected settlements expanded into a thriving city-state . In the 15th century , the twelfth Oba in line , Oba Ewuare the Great ( 1440 -- 1473 ) would expand the city-state to an empire . It was not until the 15th century during the reign of Oba Ewuare the Great that the kingdom 's administrative centre , the city Ubinu , began to be known as Benin City by the Portuguese , and would later be adopted by the locals as well . Before then , due to the pronounced ethnic diversity at the kingdom 's headquarters during the 15th century from the successes of Oba Ewuare , the earlier name ( ` Ubinu ' ) by a tribe of the Edos was colloquially spoken as `` Bini '' by the mix of Itsekhiri , Esan , Ika , Ijaw Edo , Urhobo living together in the royal administrative centre of the kingdom . The Portuguese would write this down as Benin City . Though , farther Edo clans , such as the Itsekiris and the Urhobos still referred to the city as Ubini up till the late 19th century , as evidence implies . Aside from Benin City , the system of rule of the Oba in his kingdom , even through the golden age of the kingdom , was still loosely based after the Ogiso dynasty , which was military and royal protection in exchange of use of resources and implementation of taxes paid to the royal administrative centre . Language and culture was not enforced but remained heterogeneous and localized according to each group within the kingdom , though a local `` Enogie '' ( duke ) was often appointed by the Oba for specified ethnic areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c11456e17c228e86dba4f53685c1aa4", "text": "North Region (Cameroon) The North Region ( Région du Nord ) makes up 66,090 km ² of the northern half of The Republic of Cameroon . Neighbouring territories include the Far North Region to the north , the Adamawa Region to the south , Nigeria to the west , Chad to the east , and Central African Republic to the southeast . The city of Garoua is both the political and industrial capital . Garoua is Cameroon 's third largest port , despite the fact that the Bénoué River upon which it relies is only navigable for short periods of the year . Major ethnic groups include the Fula or Fulani ( Fulɓe links = no ) , who are Islamic pastoralists , and numerous Muslim and animist speakers of Adamawa , Chadic , and Nilo-Saharan languages . French is the language of formal education , and Fulfulde , the language of the Fulbe , is widespread as a lingua franca .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a44993f54541fc9fe4c90cb114c94701", "text": "India–Nigeria relations The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties . Oil-rich Nigeria stated recently that India has replaced the United States as its largest crude importer 20 -25 percent of India 's domestic oil demand.India , however , now purchases some 30 % of Nigeria 's daily crude production which currently hovers around 2.5 million barrels With bilateral oil trade valued at US$ 10 billion , Indian oil companies are also involved in oil drilling operations in Nigeria and have plans to set up refineries there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc602c0c7ac818768f13dc0dff12698b", "text": "List of companies of the Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo is a country located in Central Africa . It is bordered by Gabon , Cameroon , the Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda . In the early 1980s , rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5 % annually , one of the highest rates in Africa . The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings , contributing to a shortage of revenues . The January 12 , 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50 % resulted in inflation of 46 % in 1994 , but inflation has subsided since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743b6e701abbb00a6183bbf048c5a860", "text": "Energy in Nigeria Nigeria 's primary energy consumption was about 108 Mtoe in 2011 . Most of the energy comes from traditional biomass and waste , which account for 83 % of total primary production . The rest is from fossil fuels ( 16 % ) and hydropower ( 1 % ) . Nigeria has oil reserves of about 35 Goilbbl and gas reserves of about 5 trillion cubic metres , ranking 10th and 9th in the world , respectively . Global production in 2009 reached 29 Goilbbl of oil and 3 trillion cubic meters of natural gas . Nigeria is a member of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bf6bae114897386fcc1e0db2c7c04c5", "text": "List of country groupings This is a list of groupings of countries or of intergovernmental organisations , formal or informal , organisational or economic category . African Union ( AU ) is a continental union consisting of all fifty-five countries on the African continent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region Arab League , a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa , the Horn of Africa and Arabia , Algeria , Bahrain , Comoros , Djibouti , Egypt , Iraq , Jordan , Kuwait , Lebanon , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , Oman , Palestine , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Somalia , Sudan , Syria , Tunisia , United Arab Emirates , Yemen , to draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them , to safeguard their independence and sovereignty , and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries ASEAN , The Association of Southeast Asian Nations , a regional organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states BASIC countries , four large newly industrialized countries , Brazil , South Africa , India , China , to act jointly on climate change and emissions reduction Benelux Union is a politico-economic union of three neighbouring states in western Europe : Belgium , the Netherlands , and Luxembourg . BRIC , Brazil , Russia , India and China , which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development BRICS , Brazil , Russia , India , China and South Africa , leading developing or newly industrialized countries , and are distinguished by their large , sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs CIVETS , six emerging markets countries , Colombia , Indonesia , Vietnam , Egypt , Turkey and South Africa , a diverse and dynamic economy and a young , growing population Commonwealth of Nations , fifty-two member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire Development Assistance Committee ( DAC ) , to discuss issues surrounding aid , development and poverty reduction in developing countries , the world 's major donor countries , Australia , European Union , Iceland , New Zealand , South Korea , Austria , Finland , Ireland , Norway , Spain , Belgium , France , Italy , Poland , Sweden , Canada , Germany , Japan , Portugal , Switzerland , Czech Republic , Greece , Luxembourg , Slovakia , United Kingdom , Denmark , Hungary , Netherlands , Slovenia , United States Economic Cooperation Organisation ( ECO ) , Afghanistan , Azerbaijan , Iran , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyz , Pakistan , Tajikistan , Turkey , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , a political and economic organization , a platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade and investment opportunities , the objective is to establish a single market for goods and services EAEU , Eurasian Economic Union , an economic union of Belarus , Kazakhstan , Russia , Armenia , Kyrgyzstan EU , The European Union , a political and economic union of twenty-eight member states that are located primarily in Europe Four Asian Tigers , economies of Hong Kong , Singapore , South Korea , Taiwan , underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates , now developed into advanced and high-income economies G4 nations , Brazil , Germany , India , and Japan , four countries which support each other 's bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council Group of Eight ( G8 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , the United States , and Russia , the world 's major highly industrialized economies in countries that view themselves as democracies G8 +5 , the G8 nations , plus the five leading emerging economies ( Brazil , China , India , Mexico , and South Africa ) G20 , or Group of Twenty , twenty major economies , Argentina , Australia , Brazil , Canada , China , European Union , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , South Korea , Mexico , Russia , Saudi Arabia , South Africa , Turkey , United Kingdom , United States , for studying , reviewing , and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability Group of 7 ( G7 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , and the United States , the seven major advanced economies as reported by the International Monetary Fund Group of 77 ( G77 ) , a loose coalition of developing nations , designed to promote its members ' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations Gulf Cooperation Council , Bahrain , Kuwait , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and the UAE . A regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf , except for Iraq . IBSA Dialogue Forum , India , Brazil , South Africa , an international tripartite grouping for promoting international cooperation among these countries Mercosur ( Southern Common Market ) , Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay , Venezuela , Bolivia , Chile , Peru , Colombia , Ecuador , Suriname , to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods , people , and currency MIKTA , an informal partnership between Mexico , Indonesia , Republic of Korea , Turkey , Australia , to support effective global governance MINT , the economies of Mexico , Indonesia , Nigeria , and Turkey NACAr , Norway , Australia , Canada , Argentina , countries characterized by middle to high income per capita , a low population density and a concentration of exports in natural resources North American Free Trade Agreement , NAFTA is an agreement signed by Canada , Mexico , and the United States , creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America Next Eleven ( Nll ) , Bangladesh , Egypt , Indonesia , Iran , Mexico , Nigeria , Pakistan , the Philippines , Turkey , South Korea and Vietnam -- identified as having a high potential of becoming , along with the BRICS countries , among the world 's largest economies in the 21st century OECD , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , to stimulate economic progress and world trade , countries committed to democracy and the market economy , most OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index ( HDI ) and are regarded as developed countries OPEC , Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries , thirteen countries accounting for an estimated 42 percent of global oil production and 73 percent of the world 's proven oil reserves P5 , permanent members of the United Nations Security Council , China , France , Russia , the United Kingdom , the United States PIGS , the economies of the countries of Portugal , Italy and or Ireland , Greece , and Spain United Nations ( UN ) , an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation , 193 member states . VISTA ( Vietnam , Indonesia , South Africa , Turkey , Argentina ) is an emerging markets grouping proposed in 2006 by BRICs Economic Research Institute of Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ca56b99dc4f791cd27beaaffdc0cf5", "text": "Transport in Niger Transport in Niger is composed of the transportation systems and methods used in this landlocked nation , with cities separated by huge uninhabited deserts , mountain ranges , and other natural features . A poor nation , Niger 's transport system was little developed during the colonial period ( 1899 -- 1960 ) , relying upon animal transport , human transport , and limited river transport in the far south west and south east . No railways were constructed in the colonial period , and roads outside the capital remained unpaved . The Niger River is unsuitable for large-scale river transport , as it lacks depth for most of the year and is broken by rapids at many spots . Camel caravan transport was historically important in the Sahara desert and Sahel regions which cover most of the north .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddaaab9449601d340feb0294f3080ad4", "text": "Akwa Ibom State Akwa Ibom '' ' is a state in Nigeria . It is located in the coastal southern part of the country , lying between latitudes 4 ° 32 ′ N and 5 ° 33 ′ N , and longitudes 7 ° 25 ′ E and 8 ° 25 ′ E . The state is located in the South-South geopolitical zone , and is bordered on the east by Cross River State , on the west by Rivers State and Abia State , and on the south by the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost tip of Cross River State . Akwa Ibom is one of Nigeria 's 36 states , with a population of over five million people . The state was created in 1987 from the former Cross River State and is currently the highest oil - and gas-producing state in the country . The state 's capital is Uyo , with over 500,000 inhabitants . Akwa Ibom has an airport and two major seaports on the Atlantic Ocean with a proposed construction of a world-class seaport Ibaka Seaport at Oron . The state also boasts of a 30,000-seat ultramodern sports complex . Akwa Ibom state is also home to the Ibom E-Library , a world-class information centre . In addition to English , the main spoken languages are Ibibio , Annang , Eket and Oron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b2a8311834df1b820f65c16c8d01e35", "text": "Economy of Mali The economy of Mali is based to a large extent upon agriculture , with a mostly rural population engaged in subsistence agriculture . Mali is among the ten poorest nations of the world , is one of the 37 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries , and is a major recipient of foreign aid from many sources , including multilateral organizations ( most significantly the World Bank , African Development Bank , and Arab Funds ) , and bilateral programs funded by the European Union , France , United States , Canada , Netherlands , and Germany . Before 1991 , the former Soviet Union , China and the Warsaw Pact countries had been a major source of economic and military aid . The per capita gross domestic product ( GDP ) of Mali was $ 820 in 1999 . Mali 's great potential wealth lies in mining and the production of agricultural commodities , livestock , and fish . The most productive agricultural area lies along the banks of the Niger River , the Inner Niger Delta and the southwestern region around Sikasso .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e11240e54e008aa7230619bca44d0b7c", "text": "Foreign relations of Cameroon Cameroon 's noncontentious , low-profile approach to foreign relations puts it squarely in the middle of other African and developing country states on major issues . It supports the principles of non-interference in the affairs of third world countries and increased assistance to underdeveloped countries . Cameroon is an active participant in the United Nations , where its voting record demonstrates its commitment to causes that include international peacekeeping , the rule of law , environmental protection , and Third World economic development . In the UN and other human rights fora , Cameroon 's non-confrontational approach has generally led it to avoid criticizing other countries . Cameroon enjoys good relations with the United States and other developed countries . Cameroon enjoys generally good relations with its African neighbors . It supports UN peacekeeping activities in Central Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccc34428c2c2739d8d2ac80612ee2776", "text": "African philosophy African philosophy is philosophy produced by African people , philosophy that presents African worldviews , or philosophy that uses distinct African philosophical methods . Although African philosophers may be found in the various academic fields of philosophy , such as metaphysics , epistemology , moral philosophy , and political philosophy , much of the modern African philosophy has been concerned with defining the ethnophilosophical parameters of African philosophy and identifying what differentiates it from other philosophical traditions . One of the implicit assumptions of ethnophilosophy is that a specific culture can have a philosophy that is not applicable and accessible to all peoples and cultures in the world , however this concept is disputed by traditional philosophers . Furthermore , in A Discourse on African Philosophy : A New Perspective on Ubuntu and Transitional Justice in South Africa , Christian B. N. Gade argues that the ethnophilosophical approach to African philosophy as a static group property is highly problematic . His research on ubuntu presents an alternative collective discourse on African philosophy ( `` collective '' in the sense that it does not focus on any individual in particular ) that takes differences , historical developments , and social contexts seriously . Father of African Philosophy , Uzodinma Nwala , prior to his employment to teach at UNN , there was nothing called African Philosophy as course of study in any university . `` All we were taught as students were Western philosophy . Nothing like African philosophy existed anywhere . In fact , many years after the introduction of the courses , there still remained arguments among experts , whether there was really African Philosophy '' . He was awarded the Aime Cesiare award in 2013 at the University of Abuja . African Philosophy can be formally defined as a critical thinking by Africans on their experiences of reality . Nigerian born Philosopher K.C. Anyanwu defined African philosophy as `` that which concerns itself with the way in which African people of the past and present make sense of their destiny and of the world in which they live . '' In this regard , African philosophy is a critical reflection on African leaderships in the administration of their duties towards their citizens ; the morally blameworthiness or praiseworthiness of it . It will also provide possible solutions to the problems experienced in African governances . As a rational critical inquiry on Africans and their worlds , it is consequently the task of African philosophy and of African philosophers to make the uncoordinated coordinated , the uncritical critical and the inarticulate articulate , particularly of the preliterate Africa . One of the most basic disagreements concerns what exactly the term ` African ' qualifies : the content of the philosophy and the distinctive methods employed , or the identities of the philosophers . On the former view , philosophy counts as African if it involves African themes such as perceptions of time , personhood , space and other subjects , or uses methods that are defined as distinctively African . In the latter view , African philosophy is any philosophy produced by Africans or by people of African descent , and others engaged in critiques or analysis of their works . Nigerian philosopher Joseph I. Omoregbe broadly defines a philosopher as one who attempts to understand the world 's phenomena , the purpose of human existence , the nature of the world , and the place of human beings in that world . This form of natural philosophy is identifiable in Africa even before individual African philosophers can be distinguished in the sources .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5448dd67e06269357a39b09d27ecdf59", "text": "List of companies based in Eritrea Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea , is a country in the Horn of Africa . The economy of Eritrea has experienced considerable growth in recent years , indicated by an improvement in Gross domestic product ( GDP ) in October 2012 of 7.5 percent over 2011 . However , worker remittances from abroad are estimated to account for 32 percent of gross domestic product . Eritrea has an extensive amount of resources such as copper , gold , granite , marble , and potash . The Eritrean economy has undergone extreme changes due to the War of Independence . In 2011 , Eritrea 's GDP grew by 8.7 percent making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world . The Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU ) expects it to maintain a high growth rate of 8.5 percent in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a23820162853d49fc9d52fd9822ca8c", "text": "Cinema of Africa African cinema is film production in Africa . It dates back to the early 20th century , when film reels were the primary cinematic technology in use . The Nigerian film industry is the largest in Africa in terms of value , number of annual films , revenue and popularity . It is also the second and third largest national film industry in the world , based on the number of annual films and revenue respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e328fcc667f5039a0bb6ed62c31b4d", "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world . The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south . Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed . The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3122efae6913a0ec8a70cbb61f6e1e23	Christina Applegate died before the production of the film Bad Moms began.	[ { "docid": "cee9bf6e97006e80c16a39e040fa1bb2", "text": "Christina Applegate Christina Applegate ( born November 25 , 1971 ) is an American actress and dancer who as an adolescent actress started playing the role of Kelly Bundy on the Fox sitcom Married ... with Children ( 1987 -- 97 ) . In her adult years , Applegate established a film and television career , winning an Emmy and earning Tony and Golden Globe nominations . She is also known for doing the voice of Brittany in the Alvin and the Chipmunks film series . She has had major roles in several films , including Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead ( 1991 ) , The Big Hit ( 1998 ) , Prince Charming ( 2001 ) , The Sweetest Thing ( 2002 ) , Grand Theft Parsons ( 2003 ) , Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) and its sequel , Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues ( 2013 ) , Farce of the Penguins ( 2007 ) , Hall Pass ( 2011 ) , Vacation ( 2015 ) and Bad Moms ( 2016 ) . She has also starred in numerous Broadway theatre productions such as the 2005 revival of the musical Sweet Charity . She played the lead role in the television sitcoms Jesse ( 1998 -- 2000 ) and Samantha Who ? ( 2007 -- 09 ) and starred in the NBC comedy Up All Night ( 2011 -- 12 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94", "text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29a724be43a81cede81f337dd9b07ef4", "text": "Beverly Long Beverly Powell Long ( April 18 , 1933 -- May 8 , 2014 ) was an American film and television actress , notable credits include Rebel Without a Cause ( 1955 ) , Cavalcade of America ( 1957 ) and Father Knows Best ( 1958 -- 1960 ) . She later worked as a casting director with her own company Beverly Long Casting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9c9c0be3cf109f3221cef0eae97f005", "text": "Mom (season 3) The third season of the television comedy series Mom began airing on November 5 , 2015 , on CBS in the United States . The season is produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. . Television , with series creators Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker serving as executive producer . The series was created by Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker . It follows Christy Plunkett ( Anna Faris ) , a single mother who -- after dealing with her battle with alcoholism and drug addiction -- decides to restart her life in Napa , California 's wine country working as a waitress at the restaurant Rustic Fig and attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings . She lives with her mother Bonnie Plunkett ( Allison Janney ) , who is also a recovering drug and alcohol addict , as well as her teenage daughter Violet ( Sadie Calvano ) , who was born when Christy was 16 . Christy also has a younger son Roscoe ( Blake Garrett Rosenthal ) by her deadbeat ex-husband Baxter ( Matt L. Jones ) . Other prominent character in the series include the co-Alcoholics Anonymous member , Marjorie ( Mimi Kennedy ) . Jaime Pressly and Beth Hall , who play co-Alcoholics Anonymous members Jill and Wendy , respectively , were upgraded to series regular status for this season . The episodes are usually titled with two odd topics that are mentioned in that episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73ef68a248b551792bdcecbae5bd0393", "text": "Christina Ricci Christina Ricci ( born February 12 , 1980 ) is an American actress . Ricci began her career appearing in commercials and received early recognition as a child star . Her debut performance in Mermaids ( 1990 ) was followed by a breakthrough role as Wednesday Addams in The Addams Family ( 1991 ) and its sequel Addams Family Values ( 1993 ) when she was eleven and thirteen years old , respectively . Following her success with the Addams Family films , she earned something of a `` teen icon '' status thanks to appearances in various big budget productions , notably Now and Then ( 1995 ) and Casper ( 1995 ) , which were marketed for younger audiences , before making a successful transition into adult-oriented roles with the art house drama The Ice Storm ( 1997 ) , at the age of seventeen . Ricci continued acting in small-scale independent films such as Buffalo '66 ( 1998 ) and The Opposite of Sex ( 1998 ) , for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress . She made a departure from independent cinema with Tim Burton 's big-budget Gothic horror Sleepy Hollow ( 1999 ) and later received praise for her performance in the drama Monster ( 2003 ) , portraying the girlfriend of a notorious female serial killer . Although she has developed a reputation for being a prominent independent film actress , Ricci has appeared in many box office hitsto date , the films in which she has starred have amassed a gross in excess of $ 743 million . Ricci has also acted in various television productions . In 2006 , she was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role as a paramedic in the ABC drama Grey 's Anatomy . From 2011 to 2012 , she starred as a stewardess in the short-lived series Pan Am . In 2014 , she starred in the titular role of the Lifetime film Lizzie Borden Took an Ax , marking a return to the darker roles she had generated attention for earlier in her career . In 2015 , she reprised the role in the limited series The Lizzie Borden Chronicles , chronicling the aftermath of the events that took place in the biopic . Ricci married dolly grip James Heerdegen in October 2013 and gave birth to a son in August 2014 . She is also the national spokesperson for the Rape , Abuse and Incest National Network ( RAINN ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5e02d70d2216c10220aac0ca6a690c", "text": "Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s . Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it . The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ec50e6d44520a23066275f369aa0602", "text": "Daniel Wayne Smith Daniel Wayne Smith ( January 22 , 1986 -- September 10 , 2006 ) was the son of the American model and actress Anna Nicole and Billy Wayne Smith . He occasionally appeared in his mother 's E! Network reality TV show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11534f7388753a422d103dbd54835232", "text": "Applegate (surname) Applegate is an English surname . Notable people with the surname include : Andrew J. Applegate ( 1833 -- 1870 ) , American politician Celia Applegate , American historian Christina Applegate ( born 1971 ) , American actress Colleen Applegate , American actress known as Shauna Grant Dan Applegate , American engineer Debby Applegate ( born 1968 ) , American historian and biographer Dick Applegate , British army general Douglas Applegate ( born 1928 ) , American politician Eddie Applegate ( born 1935 ) , American actor Fred Applegate ( 1879 -- 1968 ) , American baseball player Fred Applegate ( actor ) ( born 1953 ) , American actor , singer and dancer Jeremy Applegate ( 1965 -- 2000 ) , American actor Jesse Applegate ( 1811-1888 ) , American pioneer Jessica-Jane Applegate ( born 1996 ) , British swimmer Jodi Applegate ( born 1964 ) , American news anchor Joseph R. Applegate ( 1925 -- 2003 ) , American linguist K. A. Applegate ( born 1956 ) , American author Lindsay Applegate ( 1808 -- 1892 ) , American pioneer Oliver Cromwell Applegate ( 1845-1938 ) , American politician Red Applegate ( 1921 -- 1965 ) , American boxer Rex Applegate ( 1914-1998 ) , American military close combat instructor in World War II Royce D. Applegate ( 1939-2003 ) , American actor and screenwriter Shannon Applegate , American historian Category : English-language surnames", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2135ec6d85680df8f4c2a4bb1ff3856", "text": "Oh Mother `` Oh Mother '' is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera for her fifth studio album , Back to Basics ( 2006 ) . The song was released on November 23 , 2007 by RCA Records as the fourth and final single from the album in European territories , while `` Slow Down Baby '' was serviced as the final single in Oceania . It was written by Aguilera , Derryck Thornton , Mark Rankin , Liz Thornton , Christophe Barratier , Bruno Coulais and Kara DioGuardi . Production was done by Big Tank and Q , with L Boggie credited as co-producer and Aguilera serviced as additional producer . `` Oh Mother '' is a downtempo pop and R&B piano ballad that talks about Aguilera 's abusive childhood . It incorporates various musical instruments , from strings to keyboards . It contains a sample from `` Vois Sur Ton Chemin '' , written by Bruno Coluais and Christopher Barratler . Upon its release , the song was met with mainly positive reviews from contemporary music critics . It also managed to enter charts in Europe with moderate success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0ca5804f324e01ebd865d46092b39e", "text": "Anna Nicole Smith Vickie Lynn Hogan professionally known as Anna Nicole Smith ( born November 28 , 1967 -- February 8 , 2007 ) was an American model , actress and television personality . Smith first gained popularity in Playboy , winning the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year . She modeled for fashion companies including Guess , H&M , Heatherette , and Lane Bryant . Smith dropped out of high school and was married three years later in 1985 . Her highly publicized second marriage to J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she married the octogenarian mainly for his money , which she denied . Following Marshall 's death , Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate . Her case , Marshall v. Marshall , reached the U.S. Supreme Court on a question of federal jurisdiction , and again on a question of bankruptcy court authority ( now called Stern v. Marshall ) . Smith died on February 8 , 2007 , in a Hollywood , Florida , hotel room as a result of an overdose of prescription drugs . During the final six months of her life , Smith was the focus of renewed press coverage surrounding the death of her son , Daniel , and the paternity and custody battle over her newborn daughter , Dannielynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fc61ac37841dea11f48749274441fca", "text": "Matthew Cooke (filmmaker) Matthew Cooke ( born 1973 , Washington , D.C. ) is the writer-director of How to Make Money Selling Drugs , a documentary film which criticizes the war on drugs in the United States . Cooke was also the narrator , editor , cinematographer and visual effects artist . Cooke was the producer and editor of Amy Berg 's Oscar -- nominated documentary Deliver Us from Evil , his first feature film , and writer , director , editor and actor on Fuel TV 's Stupidface . He produced Adrian Grenier 's 2010 HBO documentary Teenage Paparazzo which premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . Cooke also contributed editing , motion graphics and cinematography work to the picture . He is producing American Race , an upcoming documentary directed by Amy Berg , who Cooke previously worked with on Deliver Us from Evil . Cooke graduated magna cum laude with a B.A. in film from Pitzer College in 1996 . He was engaged to actress Maggie Grace from February 2015 to February 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ad38ffd6d841c77fd37e9b9108cb9de", "text": "Paula Wagner Paula Wagner ( born December 12 , 1946 ) is an American film producer and film executive . She currently sits on the National Board of Directors for the Producers Guild of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7025dc8c4038035d7a1d39d8259c68f6", "text": "Andrea Berloff Andrea Berloff ( born 1974 ) is an American screenwriter , actress , and producer . Berloff is best known for writing the 2006 disaster drama film World Trade Center , and co-writing the 2015 biographical drama Straight Outta Compton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8776dac5b0ef15dce1459fcc348ba852", "text": "Bad (2007 film) Bad , stylized as bAd , is a 2007 drama film directed and written by Vincenzo Giammanco about a young boy who is dyslexic . John Reed ( Remy Thorne ) is in the fifth grade and is failing in school as `` his teacher thinks that he 's just too lazy to study , and the local bully takes every opportunity to humiliate him . '' After the intervention of his mother , she and John work to overcome the difficulties he faces due to dyslexia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019de60befd9a367a610e224466f9a23", "text": "Hygienic Productions Hygienic Productions was a film production company based out of Wilmington , Ohio . Formed by exploitation film producer Kroger Babb , the company was in charge of promotion and production for a number of Babb 's films , including the infamous Mom and Dad . Later , following the success of Mom and Dad , Babb would rename the company to a more general name , Hallmark Productions , and later , the `` Hallmark Big-6 . '' They would continue presenting the sexual education and medical-style films , but expand to more genres , including drug message films such as `` She Shoulda Said ` No ' ! '' and shock films like Karamoja .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e225340cc0f6356f66fe06fcec2a23c", "text": "Lisa Blount Lisa Suzanne Blount ( July 1 , 1957 -- October 27 , 2010 ) was an American film and television actress , and Oscar-winning producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266db1c05a1308f55888fac0b067f51a", "text": "2006 MTV Movie Awards The 2006 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Jessica Alba and featured performances by Christina Aguilera , AFI and Gnarls Barkley . In addition to the below awards , MTV gave lifetime achievement awards to Jim Carrey ( The MTV Generation Award ) and Spike Lee ( The Silver Bucket of Excellence , for Do the Right Thing ) . MTV held its 15th annual movie awards show on Saturday , June 3 , at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . MTV first broadcast the award show on 8 June at 9:00 pm ET . Tenth Planet Productions produced the awards , and Joel Gallen was the executive-producer and director for the 12th consecutive year . This is also the second MTV Movie Awards show to have a host win an award . The first show was in 2004 with Lindsay Lohan winning an award . The host for the MTV Movie Awards in 2006 was Jessica Alba . Christina Aguilera performed , for the very first time , her lead single of her latest release Back to Basics , `` Ai n't No Other Man '' . Pre-recorded parodies include The Da Vinci Code , Mission : Impossible III , and King Kong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66dfce36eec0c0c80e858c0562a5e406", "text": "Anna Pump Anna Pump ( April 11 , 1934 -- October 5 , 2015 ) was a German-born American chef , cookbook author , baker , and innkeeper best known for her bakery and gourmet takeout shop in The Hamptons , Loaves & Fishes . She was the author of four cookbooks and the owner of the Bridgehampton Inn . Pump was a mentor to Ina Garten , of Food Network , who wrote the forward to Pump 's final cookbook Summer on a Plate . She was sometimes a guest on Garten 's Barefoot Contessa . She moved to the US with her husband in 1960 , where they lived in Frenchtown , New Jersey , before moving to the Hamptons more than a decade later . A resident of Sag Harbor , New York , Pump was killed while crossing to the north side of Montauk Highway in Bridgehampton , near the post office , when she was struck by a pickup truck heading west on the evening of October 5 , 2015 . She was taken to Southampton Hospital by ambulance , where she succumbed to her injuries . She was 81 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7128df738259777a6cb638c7cdf0992d", "text": "The Best Bad Thing The Best Bad Thing was originally a book authored by Yoshiko Uchida . A screenplay was developed and a film released in 1997 . The story is set on the U.S. west coast during 1935 when the U.S. economy was still recovering from the effects of the Great Depression . It opens in a city , then moves to a rural Cucumber farm , where the majority of the action takes place . The farm is described as along California 's central coast .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d9b8c1440b3764da1bd0f10bf93e1022	North Korea's services are all unsubsidized and unfunded.	[ { "docid": "b506d4f2a7e58a0c905f41161e51a86d", "text": "North Korea North Korea , officially the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula . Pyongyang is the nation 's capital and largest city . To the north and northwest the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok ( known as the Yalu in China ) and Tumen rivers ; it is bordered to the south by South Korea , with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone ( DMZ ) separating the two . In 1910 , Korea was annexed by the Empire of Japan . After the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in 1945 , Korea was divided into two zones along the 38th parallel by the United States and the Soviet Union , with the north occupied by the Soviets and the south by the Americans . Negotiations on reunification failed , and in 1948 , separate governments were formed : the socialist Democratic People 's Republic of Korea in the north , and the capitalist Republic of Korea in the south . An invasion initiated by North Korea led to the Korean War ( 1950 -- 1953 ) . The Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire , but no peace treaty was signed . North Korea officially describes itself as a self-reliant socialist state and formally holds elections . Critics regard it as a totalitarian dictatorship . Various media outlets have called it Stalinist , particularly noting the elaborate cult of personality around Kim Il-sung and his family . International organizations have assessed that human rights violations in North Korea have no parallel in the contemporary world . The Workers ' Party of Korea ( WPK ) , led by a member of the ruling family , holds power in the state and leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland of which all political officers are required to be members . Juche , an ideology of national self-reliance , was introduced into the constitution as a `` creative application of Marxism -- Leninism '' in 1972 . The means of production are owned by the state through state-run enterprises and collectivized farms . Most services such as healthcare , education , housing and food production are subsidized or state-funded . From 1994 to 1998 , North Korea suffered a famine that resulted in the deaths of between 240,000 and 3.5 million people , and the country continues to struggle with food production . North Korea follows Songun , or `` military-first '' policy . It is the country with the highest number of military and paramilitary personnel , with a total of 9,495,000 active , reserve , and paramilitary personnel . Its active duty army of 1.21 million is the fourth largest in the world , after China , the United States , and India . It possesses nuclear weapons . North Korea is an atheist state with no official religion and where public religion is discouraged .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4d457866472fcef6fbbb5e5a66da63cb", "text": "Country of Particular Concern Country of Particular Concern ( CPC ) is a designation by the United States Secretary of State ( under authority delegated by the President ) of a nation guilty of particularly severe violations of religious freedom under the International Religious Freedom Act ( IRFA ) of 1998 ( H.R. 2431 ) and its amendment of 1999 ( Public Law 106-55 ) . The term `` particularly severe violations of religious freedom '' means systematic , ongoing , egregious violations of religious freedom , including violations such as : a ) Torture or cruel , inhuman , or degrading treatment or punishment ; b ) Prolonged detention without charges ; c ) Causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction or clandestine detention of those persons ; or d ) Other flagrant denials of the right to life , liberty , or the security of persons . Nations so designated are subject to further actions , including economic sanctions , by the United States . Issuing recommendations as to countries it believes should be designated as countries of particular concern for their religious liberty violations is the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom , a separate agency created by IRFA ( along with the U.S. Department of State 's Office of International Religious Freedom ) to monitor the state of religious freedom around the world . Both entities provide policy recommendations to the president , the secretary of state and US Congress . Its recommendations are not always followed by the Secretary of State . The latest report from February 29 , 2016 , designated each of the following nations as a CPC : Each of these states was included on the previous year 's report except Tajikistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2db70e642f2a60d1060e2f7e9725baa3", "text": "Politics of South Korea Politics of the Republic of Korea takes place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the President is the head of state , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly . The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and comprises a Supreme Court , appellate courts and a Constitutional Court . Since 1948 , the constitution has undergone five major revisions , each signifying a new republic . The current Sixth Republic began with the last major constitutional revision in 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0789e5b2754e8c6c3551178b17f6da1f", "text": "Sili Bank Sili Bank is a company based in China . The company provides email services in both China and North Korea by maintaining dedicated servers in both countries . Established in September 12 , 2001 , Sili Bank also known as the Korea 626 Shenyang Co. is a financial institution based in Chilbosan/Qibaoshan Hotel in Shenyang , Liaoning , China , closely related to the government of North Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36b885a80d3e1462ba3756c10465bbc9", "text": "University of Seoul The University of Seoul ( UOS ) ( Korean : 서울시립대학교 ) is a public university located in Seoul , Korea . It was founded as Kyung Sung Public Agricultural College in 1918 and renamed the University of Seoul in 1997 . UOS is one of top 3 universities without medical school in Korea in 2012 . According to 2015 report from The Times Higher Education , UOS ranked 7th among the all Korean universities and 49th among all the Asian universities . In another survey , UOS ranked 14th in the Asian midsize universities . UOS was reported the best value public university in Korea , with high financial investment and scholarship amount per student . Students ' affinity to the school was ranked in the first place and students ' satisfaction is in the second according to a 2010 survey . UOS is famous for a large number of alumni working as national or municipal government officials . UOS is specialized in College of Urban Science and has top-tier programs of environmental engineering , science in taxation , transportation engineering , urban planning and design , landscape architecture , and urban administration . In 2012 , the mayor of Seoul , Park Won-soon , implemented a campaign promise , `` Half-priced tuition '' as soon as he started his term . The half-priced tuition was initiated in UOS first so that it would drive other universities to decrease their tuition . In 2013 , UOS tuition per semester ranged from $ 915 to $ 1,441 ( two semesters a year , 1,117.3 won / $ in 2013 ) . Because of high quality of education and low tuition of UOS , admission process has been more competitive . And student 's satisfaction is still very high . In 2012 , the registration rate of new students was very high ( 96 % ) and the withdrawal rate of students was extremely low ( 0.97 % ) , compared with other universities in Seoul . Because UOS students think that they take a lot of financial and educational benefits from the Seoul government , most of them participate in social works . Number of social work volunteers in 2012 was 3,105 and is expected to increase .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfa36a875c5605dde0a4d6cfadb1779e", "text": "Songun Songun is the `` military first '' policy of North Korea , prioritizing the Korean People 's Army in the affairs of state and allocation of resources . `` Military first '' as a principle guides political and economic life in North Korea , with `` military-first politics '' dominating the political system ; `` a line of military-first economic construction '' acting as an economic system ; and `` military-first ideology '' serving as the guiding ideology . Songun elevates the Korean People 's Army within North Korea as an organization and as a state function , granting it the primary position in the North Korean government and society . It guides domestic policy and international interactions . It is the framework for the government , designating the military as the `` supreme repository of power '' . The North Korean government grants the Korean People 's Army the highest economic and resource-allocation priority and positions it as the model for society to emulate . Songun is also the ideological concept behind a shift in policies since 1994 which emphasize the people 's military over all other aspects of state and society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fd3fd4e1165c69698ff7d1958c628ac", "text": "National Debt Repayment Movement The National Debt Repayment Movement was a movement by the people of the Korean Empire to repay their country 's debt through collecting individual donations . It was started by Seo Sang-dong of Daegu on 30 January 1907 . At that time the national debt was 13 million won . At the movement 's height in 1908 , it had amassed 190,000 won . The movement attracted national appeal , and many gave up their tobacco in order to help repay the national debt . Women , including the kisaeng Aengmu , took a leading role in raising funds . The Japanese Government expected for the movement to subside . However , the movement later attracted the interest of the Japanese forces , who regarded it as a dangerous expression of Korean nationalism and sought to stifle and discredit it . This movement failed because of the Japanese orchestrating false charges against the president of the bank holding the funds . A large park in central Daegu is dedicated to the memory of the movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4d371b492352d7f3d88f62281c7c225", "text": "Nampo Namp ' o ( North Korean official spelling : Nampho ; -LSB- nam.pʰo -RSB- ) is a city and seaport in South Pyongan Province , North Korea . Namp ' o lies on the northern shore of the Taedong River , 15 km east of the river 's mouth . It was a provincial-level `` Directly Governed City '' ( `` Chikhalsi '' ) from 1980 to 2004 and was designated a `` Special City '' ( `` T'ŭkgŭpsi '' ; tŭkpyŏlsi ; 특별시 ; 特別市 ) , in 2010 and made a part of South P'yŏngan . Namp ' o is approximately 50 km southwest of P'yŏngyang , at the mouth of the Taedong River . Namp ' o was originally a small fishing village that became a port for foreign trade in 1897 , developing into a modern port in 1945 after World War II . With the rapid increase in state investment , the city 's industrial capacity grew . Some of the city 's industrial facilities include the Namp ' o Smelter Complex , the Namp ' o Glass Corporation , the Namp ' o Shipbuilding Complex , the Namp ' o Fishery Complex , and other central and local factories . Namp ' o is a center for the DPRK shipbuilding industry . North of the city are facilities for freight transportation , aquatic products , and fishery , and a sea salt factory . Apples grown in the city 's Ryonggang district are a famous local product .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efba722d112828808f43048049571dc6", "text": "2006 North Korean missile test Two rounds of North Korean missile tests were conducted on July 5 , 2006 . The Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK or North Korea ) reportedly fired at least seven separate missiles . These included one long-range Taepodong-2 missile and short-range Scud derived missiles including the enlarged Nodong missile . The Taepodong-2 was estimated by United States intelligence agencies as having a potential range reaching as far as Alaska , the missile reached a distance of about 250 miles from northern California . North Korea made its first public acknowledgement of the tests on July 6 , through its foreign ministry , describing them as `` successful '' and part of `` regular military drills to strengthen self-defense , '' insisting that it had the legal right to do so . The country warned of `` stronger physical actions '' if it were put under pressure by the international community . On July 8 , CNN reported that the U.S. had deployed the USS Mustin , a guided missile destroyer , to the Japanese port of Yokosuka , home of the U.S. Navy 's Seventh Fleet . A spokeswoman said that the deployment was not related to the test-firings , and it had been previously planned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b59799949d67921a1c17060ef4d08b", "text": "National People's Congress The National People 's Congress ( usually abbreviated NPC ) is the national legislature of the People 's Republic of China . With 2,987 members in 2013 , it is the largest parliamentary body in the world . Under China 's current Constitution , the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature , with the power to legislate , the power to oversee the operations of the government , and the power to elect the major officers of state . The NPC and the National Committee of the People 's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC ) , a consultative body whose members represent various social groups , are the main deliberative bodies of China , and are often referred to as the Lianghui ( Two Assemblies ) . The NPC is elected for a term of five years . It holds annual sessions every spring , usually lasting from 10 to 14 days , in the Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing . The NPC 's sessions are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the CPPCC , and these annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation . The fourth session of the 12th NPC was held from March 5 to March 16 , 2016 . In theory , the NPC is the highest organ of state power in China , and all four PRC constitutions have vested it with great lawmaking powers . However , in practice it usually acts as a rubber stamp for decisions already made by the state 's executive organs and the Communist Party of China . One of its members , Hu Xiaoyan , told the BBC in 2009 that she has no power to help her constituents . She was quoted as saying , `` As a parliamentary representative , I do n't have any real power . '' In 2014 , the participating party pledged to `` unswervingly adhere to the leadership of Chinese Communist Party . '' Since the 1990s , the NPC has become a forum for mediating policy differences between different parts of the Party , the government , and groups of society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7426022598c5064b71a78842961cb638", "text": "International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea The International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea ( ICNK ) was formed on September 8 , 2011 . It comprises Amnesty International , Human Rights Watch and the International Federation for Human Rights and has support from over 40 organizations worldwide . North Korean human rights issues with which the ICNK deals include North Korea 's political prison camp system and the repatriation and punishment of North Korean refugees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4c1466983696e963b3f6f6c95ce22a", "text": "Sovereign default A sovereign default ( -LSB- ˈsɒvrᵻn , _ - vərᵻn -RSB- ) is the failure or refusal of the government of a sovereign state to pay back its debt in full . Cessation of due payments ( or receivables ) may either be accompanied by formal declaration ( repudiation ) of a government not to pay ( or only partially pay ) its debts , or it may be unannounced . A credit rating agency will take into account in its gradings capital , interest , extraneous and procedural defaults , failures to abide by the terms of bonds or other debt instruments . Countries have at times escaped the real burden of some of their debt through inflation . This is not `` default '' in the usual sense because the debt is honored , albeit with currency of lesser real value . Sometimes governments devalue their currency . This can be done by printing more money to apply toward their own debts , or by ending or altering the convertibility of their currencies into precious metals or foreign currency at fixed rates . Harder to quantify than an interest or capital default , this often is defined as an extraneous or procedural default ( breach ) of terms of the contracts or other instruments . If potential lenders or bond purchasers begin to suspect that a government may fail to pay back its debt , they may demand a high interest rate in compensation for the risk of default . A dramatic rise in the interest rate faced by a government due to fear that it will fail to honor its debt is sometimes called a sovereign debt crisis . Governments may be especially vulnerable to a sovereign debt crisis when they rely on financing through short-term bonds , since this creates a situation of maturity mismatch between their short-term bond financing and the long-term asset value of their tax base . They may also be vulnerable to a sovereign debt crisis due to currency mismatch : if few bonds in their own currency are accepted abroad , and so the country issues mainly foreign-denominated bonds , decrease in the value of their own currency can make it prohibitively expensive to pay back their foreign-denominated bonds ( see original sin ) . Since a sovereign government , by definition , controls its own affairs , it can not be obliged to pay back its debt . Nonetheless , governments may face severe pressure from lending countries . In a few extreme cases , a major creditor nation , before the establishment of the UN Charter Article 2 ( 4 ) prohibiting use of force by states , made threats of war or waged war against a debtor nation for failing to pay back debt to seize assets to enforce its creditor 's rights . For example , Britain invaded Egypt in 1882 . Other examples include the United States ' `` gunboat diplomacy '' in Venezuela in the mid-1890s and the United States occupation of Haiti beginning in 1915 . Today a government which defaults may be widely excluded from further credit , some of its overseas assets may be seized ; and it may face political pressure from its own domestic bondholders to pay back its debt . Therefore , governments rarely default on the entire value of their debt . Instead , they often enter into negotiations with their bondholders to agree on a delay ( debt restructuring ) or partial reduction of their debt ( a ` haircut or write-off ' ) . Some economists have argued that , in the case of acute insolvency crises , it can be advisable for regulators and supranational lenders to preemptively engineer the orderly restructuring of a nation 's public debt - also called `` orderly default '' or `` controlled default '' . In the case of Greece , these experts generally believe that a delay in organising an orderly default would hurt the rest of Europe even more . The International Monetary Fund often lends for sovereign debt restructuring . To ensure that funds will be available to pay the remaining part of the sovereign debt , it has made such loans conditional on acts such as reducing corruption , imposing austerity measures such as reducing non-profitable public sector services , raising the tax take ( revenue ) or more rarely suggesting other forms of revenue raising such as nationalization of inept or corrupt but lucrative economic sectors . A recent example is the Greek bailout agreement of May 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a6d01b8f867f0f98fad85da26ebb507", "text": "Unfunded mandate In the United States , federal mandates are orders that induce `` responsibility , action , procedure or anything else that is imposed by constitutional , administrative , executive , or judicial action '' for state and local governments and/or the private sector . An unfunded mandate is a statute or regulation that requires a state or local government to perform certain actions , with no money provided for fulfilling the requirements . Public individuals or organizations can also be required to fulfill public mandates . As of 1992 , 172 federal mandates obligated state or local governments to fund programs to some extent . Beginning with the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , as well as the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , the United States federal government has designed laws that require state and local government spending to promote national goals . During the 1970s , the national government promoted education , mental health , and environmental programs by implementing grant projects at a state and local level ; the grants were so common that the federal assistance for these programs made up over a quarter of state and local budgets . The rise in federal mandates led to more mandate regulation . During the Reagan Administration , Executive Order 12291 and the State and Local Cost Estimate Act of 1981 were passed , which implemented a careful examination of the true costs of federal unfunded mandates . More reform for federal mandates came in 1995 with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act ( UMRA ) , which promoted a Congressional focus on the costs imposed onto intergovernmental entities and the private sector because of federal mandates . Familiar examples of Federal Unfunded Mandates in the United States include the Americans with Disabilities Act and Medicaid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f1c1cfa27fd3b3b1724f5cde550c3db", "text": "Song of General Kim Jong-il The `` Song of General Kim Jong-il '' is a marching song from North Korea . It was composed by Sol Myong-sun and the words were written by Sin Un-ho . The song praises former leader , Kim Jong-il ( who ruled from 1994 until 2011 ) as a part of his cult of personality . During the presidency of Kim Il-sung , Kim Jong-il helped to run his father 's own personality cult . At the death of his father , Kim Jong-il had his own cult . Although the `` Song of General Kim Jong-il '' is not as widely popular as the `` Song of General Kim Il-sung '' ( nor was his cult as large as his father 's ) , it is also played regularly in North Korea . The song is played by the North Korean state television at the start of broadcasts each day . It was also played after the telecast of Kim Jong-il 's memorial service on December 29 , 2011 . Pyongyang FM Broadcasting also plays a chime version of the first two lines of the song as its interval signal at the start of broadcasts . According to North Korean sources , their satellite Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 , supposedly launched in a test on 5 April 2009 , is broadcasting this song amongst other data .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e60d4a3a822bb44e6fd5d634343142", "text": "Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube . Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world . Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "585b9de75682634670e8da068fb46c04", "text": "Korean Armistice Agreement The Korean Armistice Agreement is the armistice which serves to insure a complete cessation of hostilities of the Korean War . It was signed by U.S. Army Lieutenant General William Harrison , Jr. representing the United Nations Command ( UNC ) , North Korean General Nam Il representing the Korean People 's Army , and the Chinese People 's Volunteer Army . The armistice was signed on July 27 , 1953 , and was designed to `` insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved . '' No `` final peaceful settlement '' has been achieved . The signed armistice established the Korean Demilitarized Zone ( de facto a new border between the two nations ) , put into force a cease-fire , and finalized repatriation of prisoners of war . The Demilitarized Zone runs not far from the 38th parallel , which separated North and South Korea before the Korean War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d89fd16ea9c2ed9711f13aebc855dc21", "text": "Death and state funeral of Kim Jong-il The death of Kim Jong-il was reported by North Korean state television news on 19 December 2011 . The presenter Ri Chun-hee announced that he had died on 17 December at 8:30 am of a massive heart attack while travelling by train to an area outside Pyongyang . Reportedly , he had received medical treatment for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases . During the trip though , he was said to have had an advanced acute myocardial infarction , complicated with a serious heart shock . However , it was reported by South Korean media in December 2012 that he had died in a fit of rage over construction faults at a crucial power plant project . His son Kim Jong-un was announced as North Korea 's next leader with the title of `` The Great Successor '' during the same newscast . Jong-il 's funeral was held on 28 December in Pyongyang , with a mourning period lasting until the following day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fe1760e53ee09e0e52e68c45f1dd569", "text": "Pyongnam Line The P'yŏngnam Line is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the North Korean State Railway linking P'yŏngyang with the port city of Namp ' o and the hot springs at P'yongnam Onch ` on . The length of the line is 89.9 km . It also serves as a connection between the various trunk lines starting at P'yŏngyang that serve the north and east of the country with the lines in the southwestern part of North Korea by means of a connection to the Sŏhae Kammun Line . It also connects to the Ryonggang Line and the freight-only Taean Line . On 21 October 2014 a groundbreaking ceremony for the Sŭngri ( `` Victory '' ) project to modernise the P'yŏngnam Line from Namp ' o to P'yŏngyang and the P'yŏngdŏk Line from P'yŏngyang to Chedong was held . The project , supported by Russia , is intended to form the first stage of a larger-scale cooperation with the Russian Railways as part of a 20-year development project that would modernise around 3,500 km of the North Korean rail network , and would include the construction of a north-south freight bypass around P'yŏngyang . The overall project cost is estimated to be around US $ 25 billion , and it is expected that exports of coal , rare earth and non-ferrous metals from the DPRK to Russia will provide the funding for the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca386aed322cb37c55483f5227cd34e9", "text": "Bhutan News Service Bhutan News Service , abbreviated as BNS , is the first news agency of Bhutan . It is run as an independent news agency by Bhutanese refugee journalists since 2004 from Kathmandu , the capital city of Nepal . This is , probably , first of its kind considering a very few refugee media or journalism in exile . The agency is solely operated by refugees who are mostly born or brought up in refugee camps and without previous media experiences . When over 100,000 of Bhutanese refugees started taking shelter in UN-administered refugee camps of Jhapa and Morang districts in eastern part of Nepal , there was a need of a vocal media in the refugee community . Several attempts were made by persons of various backgrounds to keep the journalism works going . However , survival of those media was not easy due to lack of funding , and they died one after the other . The Bhutan News Service was founded in 2004 by a small group of Bhutanese refugee youths , who during the time believed that journalism was a noble means to keep community informed and continue advocating the refugee issue . Most of the exiled publications were shut down , in particular following crunch financial assistance and or due to lack of human resources to continue volunteering without anything in return . Therefore , the news service emerged in as an alternative means to replace most of those publications , if not all . Initially , the works were limited to simply blogging . From 2006 , BNS went online through its own news portal . ″ APFA initiated a joint effort for press freedom and called on two other media organizations working for press freedom in Bhutan and operating in exile . Thus a conference was held in eastern Nepal making a historic declaration vowing to expedite fight for press freedom . The first media conference adopted `` Declaration Dé Exile '' . The declaration also accepted the APFA proposal to accept Bhutan News Service as the common and first news agency of Bhutan , but operating from exile . ″ Currently , around two dozens of reporters and over half a dozen of editors from various countries contribute for the news service on voluntary basis . The news agency has not been legally registered since Nepalese laws do not entertain registration of any entity owned and run by foreign nationals in Nepalese soil . ″ Unfortunately , we are not a registered entity yet . While most of our members were based in the capital city of Nepal for years , we made several attempts to get it registered in Nepal , but to no avail . We are , however , in the course of getting it registered preferably in USA since most of our members are based there and a vast majority of the Bhutanese have gotten resettled in the same place . ″", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5a7ddad2b3da1f4878dd522f6715a5", "text": "Goguryeo Goguryeo ( ; -LSB- ko.ɡu.ɾjʌ -RSB- , 37 BCE -- 668 CE ) , originally named Goryeo ( ; -LSB- ko.ɾjʌ -RSB- ) , was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of inner and outer Manchuria . Goguryeo was an active participant in the power struggle for control of the Korean peninsula and was also associated with the foreign affairs of neighboring polities in China and Japan . The Samguk Sagi , a 12th-century text from Goryeo , indicates that Goguryeo was founded in 37 BCE by Jumong , a prince from Buyeo , who was enthroned as Dongmyeong . There is archaeological and textual evidence from Chinese geographic monographs that suggests that Goguryeo may have been in existence since the second century BCE around the fall of Gojoseon , an earlier kingdom which also occupied southern Manchuria and the northern Korean Peninsula . Goguryeo was a powerful empire and one of the great powers in East Asia , until it was defeated by a Silla -- Tang alliance in 668 after prolonged exhaustion and internal strife caused by the death of Yeon Gaesomun . After its fall , its territory was divided among the states of Later Silla , Balhae and Tang China . The name Goryeo , a shortened form of Goguryeo , was adopted as the official name in the 5th century , and is the origin of the English name `` Korea '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff3b5a75abc17a03020dacdc0f3ff269", "text": "Eternal President of the Republic The official designation of an Eternal President of the Republic ( 공화국의 영원한 주석 , literally in English `` Eternal Chairman of the Republic '' ) was established by a line in the preface to the Constitution of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea , as amended on September 5 , 1998 , and in subsequent revisions . It reads ( in the original version ) : According to Ashley J. Tellis and Michael Wills , this amendment to the preamble is an indication of the unique North Korean characteristic of being a theocratic state based on a cult of personality revering Kim Il-sung . In addition , North Korea adopted a Juche calendar dating from 1912 , the year of Kim Il-sung 's birth .", "title": "" } ]	fever

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