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b23a8595f9e28a7774ae0f26dd6bd015	There is an upcoming American film called The Shape of Water (film).	[ { "docid": "daba77c0ff470b8043b2469181057325", "text": "The Shape of Water (film) The Shape of Water is an upcoming American fantasy adventure film directed by Guillermo del Toro and written by del Toro and Vanessa Taylor . The film stars Sally Hawkins , Michael Shannon , Richard Jenkins , Doug Jones , Lauren Lee Smith , Michael Stuhlbarg , and Octavia Spencer . It is scheduled for release in December 8 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07a56939b102e84ea78f17c082e5dd66", "text": "70th Venice International Film Festival The 70th annual Venice International Film Festival took place in Venice , Italy from 28 August to 7 September 2013 . American film director William Friedkin was presented with a lifetime achievement award . Italian film director Bernardo Bertolucci was the President of the Jury . He was previously the President of the Jury at the 40th edition in 1983 . Gravity , directed by Alfonso Cuarón , was the opening film of the festival . Italian actress Eva Riccobono hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival . The Golden Lion was awarded to the Italian documentary film Sacro GRA . It was the first documentary film to win the award at the Venice Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76309863bc0c89e4547c4aaabf3d3422", "text": "Lakeboat Lakeboat is a semi-autobiographical play by David Mamet , written in 1970 and first produced in 1980 ( revised version ) . As he would later do with Glengarry Glen Ross , Mamet drew upon experiences from a past vocation to create high drama . In this case , he turned to his days as a cook aboard a cargo ship to frame this tale of Dale Katzman , a college student from an Ivy League school `` near Boston '' who takes a summer job as a cook in the galley of the T. Harrison , a lake freighter for a Chicago-based steel concern . Dale 's predecessor , Guigliani , endured a particularly violent end while on terra firma , the cause and nature of which is speculated by the other crew members . Dale , and the audience , gets to know each of them , including : Fireman , who reads voraciously when not `` watching the gauges '' ; Fred , who imparts his unique , politically incorrect philosophy regarding women on the young man ; and , especially , Joe Litko , a 23-year veteran of the seas , who sees much of himself in Dale . The dialogue is Mametspeak at its most raw , as secrets are shared , picayune matters are debated , and fantasies are laid out , vividly . The play 's world premiere was staged by the Milwaukee Repertory Theater on April 24 , 1980 ; subsequent major productions were mounted by the Long Wharf Theatre and the Goodman Theatre in 1982 . In 2000 , Mamet penned the screenplay for a film adaptation , which featured his half-brother Tony Mamet in the lead role of Dale . The ensemble cast also included Robert Forster as Joe Litko , Denis Leary as Fireman , and Jack Wallace , a veteran of Mamet productions , as Fred . Joe Mantegna , well-versed in the world of Mamet , made his directorial debut with the feature . The British Premiere of Lakeboat was at the Lyric Theatre , London in 1998 , and was directed by Aaron Mullen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ade99d2262e61833a635fb8d67214608", "text": "Andrea Fellers Andrea Fellers is an American artist , film director , and producer . She produced and directed The Truth About You ( 2014 ) and created artwork for the movie , which was included in a solo art exhibit `` Hollywood Love Letters '' at the ArcLight in Hollywood , California . The exhibit included several of her earlier works , as well as commissioned pieces in which she did abstract interpretations of movies that influence her . She began her career in the film industry as an actress , and has appeared opposite Amy Smart , Sean Hayes , Laura Cayouette and Richard Dreyfus . In 2009 , Fellers was one of seven filmmakers chosen to direct and produce an experimental film based on a song from the Linda Perhacs album , Parallelograms . Fellers incorporated all elements of nature in `` Call of the River '' and created in-camera effects by shooting reflections of nature and water in mirrors and other reflective objects . `` Call of the River '' premiered at the Redcat Disney Hall Theatre in Los Angeles during `` Thought Forms & Parallelograms : An Evening of Visual Music With Linda Perhacs and Friends . '' Fellers produced the film Isle of Dogs ( 2014 ) which starred Andrew Howard and Barbara Nedeljáková .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "473d3e8d3a11d11f3a434a9c6fc87e86", "text": "The Water's Edge The Water 's Edge is a studio album by Australian singer songwriter Rick Price . The album was released on 18 September 2011 through Clarice Records . It was Price 's first album of new recordings since A Million Miles in 2003 . Price toured the album throughout Australia in April/March in 2012 and again in July/August 2013 . The album featured three singles , including the title track , `` Shape of my Heart '' and `` Im Coming Home ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96720151a66d64c7483a386c3819d80", "text": "Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers . Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection . In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate . The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) . One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk . The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a55640024457900988c3b2aa9012214", "text": "The Dam Short Film Festival The Dam Short Film Festival is a film festival held annually in Boulder City , Nevada , typically in early February . Lee Lanier and Anita Lanier are the original co-founders of the festival . The festival is organized by the Dam Short Film Society , a non-profit 501 ( c ) 3 Nevada corporation . Past festival sponsors have included The Art Institutes , the Nevada Film Office , the Hacienda Hotel and Casino , and Cirque du Soleil . The Society receives annual grants from the National Endowment for the Arts via the Nevada Arts Council . Started in 2005 , the Dam Short Film Festival only screens films that run between 1 and 40 minutes . Generally , there are between 100 and 140 short films programmed each year . Although most of the festival shorts are submitted by student , independent , and other `` up-and-coming '' filmmakers , the stiff competition means many of the shorts have been produced involving film professionals . These have included Oscar-winner Louis Gossett Jr. in `` Window , '' Oscar-winner , Tom Hanks , William Shatner , and Michael York in `` Why Shakespeare ? '' , the late Bela Lugosi narrating an animation based on the Edgar Allan Poe classic `` The Tell-Tale Heart '' , Francesco Quinn in `` The Gnostic '' , and Robert Wagner and Lori Singer in `` Little Victim '' The short films are arranged into thematic programs , such as international drama , crime drama , dramedy , science-fiction , horror , comedy , avant-garde , underground , and animation . In addition to the regular screenings , the festival presents special showcases and retrospectives ; for example , the 2009 event featured a showcase dedicated to documentary filmmaker Jay Rosenblatt while 2008 included a program dedicated to animator Jim Blashfield The festival also presents parties , mixers , filmmaker panels , and Q&A sessions with attending filmmakers . In 2008 , the Festival moved to the historic 400-seat Boulder Theatre . The Theatre was built in 1931 and is currently owned by Desi Arnaz Jr. and his wife Amy . 2014 marked the 10th anniversary of the festival . At present , Lee Lanier serves as the Dam Short Film Society 's executive director while John LaBonney serves as festival director . The Society has a working board of directors that varies from 4 to 6 members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "880eb377554c85df414a0e18725fcdfd", "text": "The Endless Summer The Endless Summer is a seminal 1966 surf movie ( the initial release was in 1964 , world-wide release was 1966 ) . Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers , Mike Hynson and Robert August , on a surfing trip around the world . Despite the balmy climate of their native California , cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter . They travel to the coasts of Australia , New Zealand , Tahiti , Hawaii , Senegal , Ghana , Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport . Other important surfers of the time , such as Miki Dora , Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear . Its title comes from the idea , expressed at both the beginning and end of the film , that if one had enough time and money it would be possible to follow the summer up and down the world ( northern to southern hemisphere and back ) , making it endless . The concept of the film was born through the suggestion of a travel agent to Bruce Brown during the planning stages of the film . The travel agent suggested that the flight from Los Angeles to Cape Town , South Africa and back would cost $ 50 more than a trip circumnavigating the world . After which , Bruce came up with the idea of following the summer season by traveling up and down the world . The narrative presentation eases from the stiff and formal documentary of the 1950s and early 1960s to a more casual and fun-loving personal style filled with sly humor . The surf rock soundtrack to the film was provided by The Sandals . The `` Theme to the Endless Summer '' was written by Gaston Georis and John Blakeley of the Sandals . It has become one of the best known film themes in the surf movie genre . When the movie was first shown , it encouraged many surfers to go abroad , giving birth to the `` surf-and-travel '' culture , with prizes for finding `` uncrowded surf '' , meeting new people and riding the perfect wave . It also introduced the sport , which had become popular outside of Hawaii and the Polynesian Islands in places like California and Australia , to a broader audience . In addition , it set the style for later surf-and-travel movies , including Momentum , ( These Are ) Better Days , and Thicker Than Water .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de1aef0ddbb4405e198e6455b69fea22", "text": "Without a Paddle Without a Paddle is a 2004 American comedy film directed by Steven Brill , written by Jay Leggett and Mitch Rouse , and based on a story by Harris Goldberg , Tom Nursall , and Fred Wolf . The film stars Seth Green , Matthew Lillard , and Dax Shepard as three reunited childhood friends going on a trip up a remote river in order to search for the loot of long-lost airplane hijacker D. B. Cooper . A direct-to-video sequel , entitled Without a Paddle : Nature 's Calling , was released in January 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d8daa58703a3c370f191d0496ce729a", "text": "New York International Children's Film Festival New York International Children 's Film Festival ( NYICFF ) is an annual Oscar-qualifying film festival `` founded in 1997 to support the creation and dissemination of thoughtful , provocative , and intelligent film for children and teens ages 3-18 . '' The Festival experience cultivates an appreciation for the arts , encourages active , discerning viewing , and stimulates lively discussion among peers , families , and the film community . In addition to the annual four-weekend event in March , the Festival presents year-round programming and filmmaking camps in New York City , satellite festivals in Miami , FL and Westchester , NY , and a touring program at independent theaters and cultural institutions nationwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b77f67bf7a106543c5e1fa362bee3bc", "text": "The Sea (2013 film) The Sea is a 2013 British-Irish drama film directed by Stephen Brown . It is based on the novel of the same name by John Banville , who also wrote the screenplay for the film . The film premiered in competition at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 23 June 2013 . The film had its North American premiere at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "319a3f5a4398cb826006d94589502d44", "text": "The American Way (film) The American Way , also known as Riders of the Storm , is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by Maurice Phillips and starring Dennis Hopper and Michael J. Pollard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8286ee7c8e2c1ce73c57414343e24ee5", "text": "Deep Water (film) Deep Water is a documentary film , directed by Jerry Rothwell and Louise Osmond , produced by Jonny Persey , opening in the UK on 15 December 2006 . It is based on the true story of Donald Crowhurst and the 1969 Sunday Times Golden Globe Race round the world alone in a yacht . The film has received critical acclaim . The official poster quotes The Daily Telegraph , `` A movie which will reduce the hardest of hearts to a shipwreck '' . The film won the Best Documentary award at the 2006 Rome International Film Festival and a commendation in the Australian Film Critics Association 2007 Film Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980192d6fa3366e4f0d2e64e3d4c0cb6", "text": "Kenneth Kokin Kenneth Kokin has been a producer for many first time feature directors . He is also a sworn deputy in state of Georgia . The debut feature film he produced for Bryan Singer , Public Access won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize . Ken Kokin and Singer developed a script with writer Christopher McQuarrie to produce the multi-Academy Award winning film The Usual Suspects which Kokin directed the substantial second-unit and co-produced . This achievement landed Kokin on the cover of Fade In Magazine as one of `` The 100 People to Know in Hollywood '' . Kokin spent the next several years dividing his time between working with new film makers and developing a screenplay on the life of Alexander the Great , written with Peter Buchman and McQuarrie , for Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio . ( Scorsese and DiCaprio chose to do The Aviator first , making way for Oliver Stone to produce his version of Alexander . ) Next , he produced and directed second-unit on McQuarrie 's directorial first feature , The Way of the Gun starring Juliette Lewis , Ryan Phillippe , James Caan and Oscar winner Benicio del Toro . The 2008 Sundance Film Festival marks Kenneth Kokin 's next statements in cinema with Captain Abu Raed the Audience Award Winner in festival 's World Dramatic Competition . This is not only the first independent film produced in Kingdom of Jordan but it 's the fist feature film from recent AFI graduate Amin Matalqa . 2008 is also the year where For Tomorrow the documentary that Kokin produced and directed in Argentina which was an official selection for the Tribeca Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival where he won the Humanitarian Vision Award . This groundbreaking documentary premiered in 10 film festivals and won many other awards and created awareness about cause of Toms shoes assisting the company in achieve recognition as the fastest growing shoe company in the world . Kenneth Kokin 's dedication to directing started at 14 when he started making his own films with a borrowed Super-8 camera . In high school , he directed several claymation , live action shorts and documentaries on 16mm . His most ambitious teenage endeavor was a re-creation of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run where he combined animated clay figures and actors to win the Newbridge Reel Award for Best Picture . Upon graduating from University of Southern California Cinema , Kokin joined the Editor 's Guild and worked at both NBC and Amblin Entertainment . CBS hired Kokin to shoot , edit and direct the behind the scenes for the longest-running annual special , Circus of the Stars where he worked with lions , tigers , motorcycle , stunts , high-wire and trapeze acts . Having a passion for all elements of filmmaking from pre-production through production and post-production , Kokin chose producing and directing because they are the only jobs where he has the opportunity to participate in all areas of the process . Recently , Kokin has produced a Chinese-America co-production in Chengdu , China starring John Robinson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1440281/ and Xiaolu Li http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523735/ . Back in two thousand and eight , he traveled South America , Haiti and Africa directing documentaries about the pandemic of poverty and HIV facing children in those regions . Staying true to his roots in the crime genre Kenneth Kokin wrote the feature about the famous mobster , James `` Whitey '' Bulger . The Los Angeles Time piece June 26 , 2012 quoted Kokin to say , `` Finding out that Whitey Bulger was living in Santa Monica just three blocks away from me was a little like looking frantically for your sunglasses only to find out they were on your head the whole time . '' Kokin 's passion for documentaries continues as he is currently working on a feature about sea mammals as well as working as a producer in reality television . link title http://about.me/kenkokin", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8308e801fad44d649bf01fafdaafcb", "text": "The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster . The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa06bf9fc7ba5619a3f0f67b83196f05", "text": "Midwest Independent Film Festival The Midwest Independent Film Festival is the nation 's only film festival solely dedicated to the Midwest filmmaker . Only films from the eight-state Midwest region of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Ohio and Wisconsin are considered for screening . This film festival is also unique in that it is held throughout the year , presenting audiences with the finest independent films from the Midwest every first Tuesday of the month . The Midwest Independent Film Festival prides itself on showcasing emerging directors , powerful artistic visions , and strong cinematic stories . These exceptional films combine with an exciting social atmosphere and a state-of-the-art screening venue to create one of the premier festivals in the Midwest . The Midwest Independent Film Festival is hosted every first Tuesday of the month at Chicago 's Landmark Century Centre Cinema of Landmark Theatres . Sponsors include Resolution Digital Studios , Zacuto , Fletcher Chicago , Orbit Media Studios , O'Connor Casting , Flashpoint The Academy of Media Arts and Sciences , Zipcar , The Chicago Film Office , The Illinois Film Office , Zaroban Design , Crunch Fitness , Getty Images , Screen Magazine and Kodak . This festival is sometimes referred to as `` The Midwest Film Festival , '' `` The Midwest Indie , '' or simply `` The Midwest . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1cdd60fcbc8e4e8ca1ede27cfe121b1e	Andrew Wood went into rehab in 1989.	[ { "docid": "e24c377a7d0493c5da8e2d07607d4329", "text": "Andrew Wood (singer) Andrew Patrick Wood ( January 8 , 1966 -- March 19 , 1990 ) was an American musician best known as the lead singer for alternative rock bands Malfunkshun and Mother Love Bone . Wood was also known for his flamboyance . Wood formed Malfunkshun in 1980 with his brother Kevin and Regan Hagar . The band used alter ego personas onstage , with Wood using the name Landrew the Love Child . Though the band only had two songs released , `` With Yo ' Heart ( Not Yo ' Hands ) '' and `` Stars-n-You '' , on the Deep Six compilation album , they are often cited as being among the `` founding fathers '' of the Seattle 's grunge movement . During his time in Malfunkshun , Wood started relying heavily on drugs , entering rehab in 1985 . By 1988 , Malfunkshun had disbanded and Wood began jamming with Green River members Stone Gossard and Jeff Ament . They soon began writing original material and formed Mother Love Bone the same year , adding guitarist Bruce Fairweather ( also a former member of Green River ) and drummer Greg Gilmore to the lineup . The following year , the band signed a deal with PolyGram , issuing a six-song EP , Shine , before going on to tour , supporting The Dogs D'Amour . Towards the end of the year , the band recorded their debut album , Apple , which was scheduled for release in 1990 . Due to his struggle with drug addiction , Wood checked himself into rehab in 1989 , hoping to get clean for the release of Mother Love Bone 's debut album . On March 16 , 1990 , Wood was found in a comatose state by his girlfriend , Xana La Fuente , having overdosed on heroin . Wood was taken to the hospital and placed on life support . Wood 's condition had shown signs of improvement but he died three days later .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8c961910b896a51650ef0e60140472c3", "text": "Medical Respite Care Medical respite care , also referred to as recuperative care , is acute and post-acute medical care for homeless persons who are too ill or frail to recover from a physical illness or injury on the streets but are not ill enough to be in a hospital . Unlike `` respite '' for caregivers , `` medical respite '' is short-term residential care that allows homeless individuals the opportunity to rest in a safe environment while accessing medical care and other supportive services . Medical respite programs provide hospitals with an alternative to discharging homeless patients to the streets or to unequipped shelters when patients would otherwise be discharged to their homes for self-care and recuperation . In addition to providing post-acute care and clinical oversight , medical respite programs seek to improve transitional care for this population and end the cycle of homelessness by supporting patients in access benefits and housing . As of 2014 , over 70 medical respite programs have been established across the United States and a number are in development . Medical respite programs are housed in a number of different facility types including homeless shelters , motel rooms , nursing facilities , assisted living facilities and stand-alone facilities . The largest facility is based out of Boston , Massachusetts ( United States ) , called the Barbara McIinnis House , which has 104 beds for men and women in need of a safe place to recuperate after leaving a hospital . The national average length of stay in medical respite programs is 40 days ( 30 days median ) . Studies and discussion about medical respite care include works on an individual and program level . A study out of Chicago looking at the impact of medical respite care on future hospitalizations found that patients who accessed medical respite care required fewer hospital stays ( 3.7 vs. 8.3 days ) in the 12-months after program participation than those discharged from the hospital to the street or shelter . Another study out of Boston found similar results with homeless patients requiring 50 % fewer hospital readmissions in the 90-days following medical respite program participation than those released to their own care ( the street or shelter ) . Medical respite care has been discussed in the American Medical New Ethics Forum . Medical respite care is listed as a strategy in the federal plan to prevent and end homelessness . The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation is currently conducting a national demonstration program to assess the impact of medical respite care . The demonstration is supported by the Affordable Care Act as an effort to improve health outcomes and health care quality while reducing health care spending for this population . The National Health Care for the Homeless Council maintains a Respite Care Providers ' Network of over 700 providers , consumers , and advocates who seek to improve access to medical respite care for homeless individuals across the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc6a5dee82600715b6f06e5ceedb176f", "text": "Howard Andrew Howard Andrew ( born 1934 ) is an American poker player , best known for his success at the 1976 World Series of Poker ( WSOP ) . He has participated in the WSOP Main Event each year since 1974 , the longest such streak of any player . Andrew won `` both The Horseshoe 's Businessmen 's and Preliminary Hold-Em tournaments in 1976 '' , earning him two bracelets in consecutive days . The 1978 WSOP Media Guide called him `` one of the World Series of Poker 's most formidable non-pros '' , an industrial engineer with `` a daredevil reputation '' . If an award were given out to the player who shoved all his chips to the center of the pot most often , he 'd probably win it . '' Andrew has finished in the money in other events at the WSOP , including an 8th-place finish at the 1984 World Series of Poker main event , which earned him $ 26,400 , the same share won by 7th-place finisher Mike Allen and 9th-place finisher Rusty La Page . As of 2015 , Andrew 's live tournament winnings exceed $ 1,450,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e010062333b34c1a2fe641c054bc1d6b", "text": "Jake Wood (baseball) Jacob `` Jake '' Wood Jr. ( born June 22 , 1937 ) is a former professional baseball player . He played seven seasons in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers ( 1961 -- 1967 ) and the Cincinnati Reds ( 1967 ) , primarily as a second baseman . He threw and batted right-handed . He was born in Elizabeth , New Jersey , the second oldest child and oldest son of nine children of Jacob , Sr. , and Roberta Wood . Jake grew up in an integrated neighborhood , learned to play stickball and baseball as a youth , and graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1955 . He earned a scholarship to Delaware State University in Dover , Delaware , and he played one season of college ball . Wood was signed as an amateur free agent by the Tigers in early 1957 . He attended Detroit 's minor league camp in Lakeland , Florida , worked his way up through the Tigers ' system , and batted more than .300 with five teams in the minors . Jake made his major league debut at age 23 on the Tigers ' season-opener on April 11 , 1961 , starting at second base and batting leadoff in a 9-5 home loss to the Cleveland Indians . Facing Indians pitcher Jim Perry for the fourth time in the game during the seventh inning , the hard-hitting Wood collected his first career hit in a big way with a two-run home run that scored Bobo Osborne . Wood was the first African-American starter developed by Detroit 's organization , but when right-handed pitcher Jim Proctor debuted for Detroit on September 14 , 1959 , he became the first black player developed by the Tigers ' system . Quiet , agile , and talented , Wood remained the Tigers ' starting second baseman from 1961 to 1963 . He was third in the American League in stolen bases in 1961 ( 30 ) , 1962 ( 24 ) , and 1963 ( 18 ) . During his rookie season in 1961 , Wood was also among the American League leaders in runs ( 96 ) , hits ( 171 ) , and games ( 162 ) . He led the AL in triples in 1961 with 14 and in strikeouts with 141 -- at the time , the record for most strikeouts in a season . Wood injured a finger late July 1963 , and he missed the rest of the season . Starting in 1964 , after Detroit acquired veteran second baseman Jerry Lumpe , Wood was a utility infielder and backup second baseman . He remained a reserve for the rest of his career , for example , playing in 98 games and hitting .252 in 1966 . On June 23 , 1967 , during his seventh season with the Tigers , his contract was purchased by the Reds , for whom he played 16 games , with his final major league career appearance coming on August 11 , 1967 . Jake ended his major league career with a .250 batting average with 35 home runs , 168 runs batted in and 70 stolen bases . His brother , Richard Wood , played professional football from 1975 to 1984 with the New York Jets and Tampa Bay Buccaneers . Jake lives in Pensacola , Florida where , as of 2012 , he continued to remain active , playing in over-70 softball leagues and tournaments as well as playing racquetball . He also mentors inmates at the Escambia County , Florida jail as part of the `` A Will and a Way '' ministry , and he participates in Tigers ' reunions , autograph shows , and fantasy camps as well as Negro Leagues events . Wood is a member of the Union County , New Jersey Baseball Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1a421c8ecc8c4a8a29e3c80c9bb0f29", "text": "Substance dependence Substance dependence also known as drug dependence is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration , and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use . A drug addiction , a distinct concept from substance dependence , is defined as compulsive , out-of-control drug use , despite negative consequences . An addictive drug is a drug which is both rewarding and reinforcing . ΔFosB , a gene transcription factor , is now known to be a critical component and common factor in the development of virtually all forms of behavioral addiction and drug addictions , but not dependence . Within the framework of the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV ) , substance dependence is redefined as a drug addiction , and can be diagnosed without the occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome . It is now described accordingly : `` When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance , substance dependence may be diagnosed . Compulsive and repetitive use may result in tolerance to the effect of the drug and withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped . This , along with Substance Abuse are considered Substance Use Disorders . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3224c4b78139d356b39a7ff6f7e357b7", "text": "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew , later called simply Rehab with Dr. Drew , is a reality television show that aired on the cable network VH1 in which many of the episodes chronicle a group of well-known people as they are treated for alcohol and drug addiction by Dr. Drew Pinsky and his staff at the Pasadena Recovery Center in Pasadena , California . The first five seasons of the series , on which Pinsky also serves as executive producer , cast celebrities struggling with addiction , with the first season premiering on January 10 , 2008 , and the fifth airing in 2011 . The sixth season , which filmed in early 2012 , featured non-celebrities as treatment subjects , and the series name shortened to Rehab with Dr. Drew . Season 6 premiered on September 16 , 2012 . In May 2013 , Pinsky announced that season six was the final season , explaining that he was tired of the criticism leveled at him after celebrities he treated had relapsed into addiction and died .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9517ac596e1ae96d873618f5921b9205", "text": "Woodmen Hall (Stuart, Florida) Woodmen Hall is an historic 2-story wooden Woodmen of the World building located 217 SW Akron Avenue , corner of SW 3rd Street in Stuart , Martin County , Florida . It was built between 1913-1914 by local master carpenter Sam Matthews . Like many fraternal buildings built in the late 19th century and early 20th century , the ground floor was designed for commercial use , while the upper floor was designed for use as a meeting room for Pineapple Camp No. 150 , Woodmen of the World as well as community groups . Prominent members of Pineapple Camp include George W. Parks , who had a general store in what is now the Stuart Heritage Museum and in 2000 was added to the state 's list of Great Floridians . Early users of the first floor include H.A. Carlisle 's Feed Store . From the 1930s until 1959 , Southern Bell used the first floor as a business office , while the Stuart telephone exchange was located on the second floor . Recent uses have included a church ( the Treasure Coast Presbyterian Church ) and a coffee house and open mic music venue . One group performing in it even calls itself , Woodmen Hall . The building has been recently renovated through the efforts of Stuart Main Street . An elevator has been added . The double outside staircases on the eastern part of the south side have been reduced to one , while an outside staircase has been added on the north side toward Akron Avenue . The two large front windows differ from those shown in a 1925 photograph . '' In 1989 , Woodmen Hall was listed in A Guide to Florida 's Historic Architecture , published by the University of Florida Press . '' Today the building of 3600 square feet ( 1800 square feet per floor ) is being advertised for lease in whole or by floor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "303475725a620a666d5c9bfbf23d7912", "text": "Martin J. Levitt Martin J. Levitt ( 14 October 1944 -- 21 November 2004 ) was a supervisory trainer , union buster and a union organizer on and off over a 20-year period before 1987 when he reportedly changed direction . He went from anti union to anti managemant and founded Justice for Labor Foundation and later wrote about his career in his autobiography released in 1993 entitled Confessions of a Union Buster which he authored with Terry Conrow Toczynski . The book found success among labor unions due to the lurid details he outlined about union busting tactics he claims to have used . Levitt says he entered the field in 1969 `` as a young man with no particular feelings about unions but with a desire to use his considerable wits and smooth tongue to get ahead . '' Levitt claims to have been `` one of the multimillion-dollar industry 's best talents ... caught up in the money and intellectual pleasure of the pursuit . '' During his so-called reformed career he was known for holding seminars , newspaper articles and some national television interviews such as 60 minutes and the TODAY show . In the book Levitt details his work history from an inexperienced consultant first hired by a former IBEW union organizer named John Sheridan who had earned his stripes as a disciple of Nathan Shefferman who wrote a guide to union busting . Levitt recalled during his interview that Sheridan 's 2nd in command Nick Sangalis did a background check and found `` one '' criminal skeleton in his closet : a conviction for receiving stolen property which , as detailed in his book , would become one of a long list of criminal convictions along with chronic alcoholism and mental illness for which the latter was diagnosed in 1977 . Levitt 's book details his addictions to money and alcohol and parallels he drew to his serial criminal history including forgeries , check fraud , insurance fraud , arson , abusive outbursts , rehab centers and prison with what he ofttimes claimed to be what caused his illegal union busting activities at some 200 </blockquote> organizations . His consulting career was atypical and went through upheavels until it culminated in what he terms was his `` awakening '' in 1987 when out of desperation he called the AFL-CIO offices in Washington DC and spoke to the publisher of the RUB sheet ( Report on Union Busters ) saying `` they had one less union buster to worry about '' . and soon thereafter he became a self-proclaimed authority on union busting . His critics believe he was a clever opportunist who found one more way to exploit labor unions as an end to his means .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e0c1f26cdab6ea662ffbc23e07aa96e", "text": "Sentencing Act of 1987 The Sentencing Act of 1987 ( Pub.L . 100-182 ) enacted some changes to the federal sentencing regime in the United States . The legislation amended to permit expressly departures based on circumstances of an exceptional `` kind '' or `` degree . '' The insertion of this new language was described by the manager of the House bill , Representative John Conyers , as `` clarifying '' in nature because it simply made explicit in the law that which was previously described in the Senate Committee Report as implicit and intended . There is evidence that under the new regime , sentences may not have increased as much as expected : although the average prison term for trial sentences increases post‐reforms , there is no systematic increase in the average length of the pleas . Additionally , the law abolished parole for federal prisoners and created the United States Sentencing Commission . The commission makes the guidelines used by federal judges when sentencing people convicted of a federal crime . The bill was introduced by Senator Joseph Biden on October 27 , 1987 . It was signed into law on December 7 , 1987 , by President Ronald Reagan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a457a3fc7b417dc55fedafa2a6f2355f", "text": "Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous ( SLAA ) is a twelve-step program for people recovering from sex addiction and love addiction . SLAA was founded in Boston , Massachusetts in 1976 , by a member of Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) . Though he had been a member of AA for many years , he repeatedly acted out and was serially unfaithful to his wife . He founded SLAA as an attempt to stop his compulsive sexual and romantic behavior . SLAA is also sometimes known as the Augustine Fellowship , because early members saw many of their shared symptoms described by St. Augustine of Hippo in his work Confessions . COSLAA is another twelve-step fellowship created to support the family members and friends of sex and love addicts . SLAA encourages members to identify their own `` bottom-line behaviors . '' The organization identifies these behaviors as `` any sexual or emotional act , no matter what its initial impulse may be , which leads to loss of control over rate , frequency , or duration of its occurrence or recurrence , resulting in spiritual , mental , physical , emotional , and moral destruction of oneself and others . '' Maintaining `` sobriety '' in the SLAA program requires abstaining from one 's bottom-line behaviors . However , these behaviors are never set in stone and may change as SLAA members continue in the program . Examples of bottom line behaviors might include sexual or romantic activity outside the scope of monogamous relationships , anonymous or casual sex , compulsive avoidance of intimacy or emotional attachment , one-night stands , compulsive masturbation , obsessive fantasy , compulsive attraction to unavailable or abusive partners , and a wide variety of addictive sexual , romantic , or avoidant behaviors . Many of those practicing the SLAA recovery program develop the ability to engage in a healthy committed relationship . SLAA encourages recovery from sexual anorexia , emotional anorexia and social anorexia , three related areas of self-deprivation that lead to isolation and often accompany patterns of addictive behavior . SLAA publishes the book Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous . It is approved by the organization for use in their fellowship . Feminist theorist Christine Saulnier criticized the SLAA book as fiercely defending individualization , that is dismissing the social and political circumstances under which sexual behaviors arise and are labeled deviant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "831684d432e4e5b049fd05034fa98fc1", "text": "Legality of cannabis The legality of cannabis varies from country to country . Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s . However , possession of the plant in small quantities has been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world . For example , cannabis in Canada will be legal for recreational use if legislation is passed in spring 2017 . On 10 December 2013 , Uruguay became the first country in the world to legalize the sale , cultivation , and distribution of cannabis . Open sales are `` illegal , but not punishable '' , at `` coffeeshops '' in the Netherlands if certain rules are followed . In the United States , federal law prohibits possession or sale of marijuana for any purpose , but the Obama Administration refrained from prosecuting users and dealers operating in compliance with state ( see Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction ) , territory , and Indian reservation laws which permit medical or recreational marijuana . The medicinal use of cannabis is legal in a number of countries , including Canada , the Czech Republic and Israel . Medical cannabis in the United States is legal in 29 states as of December 2016 . Some countries have laws which are not as vigorously prosecuted as others , but apart from the countries which offer access to medical marijuana , most countries have penalties ranging from lenient to very severe . Some infractions are taken more seriously in some countries than others in regard to the cultivation , use , possession or transfer of cannabis for recreational use . A few jurisdictions have lessened penalties for possession of small quantities of cannabis , making it punishable by confiscation and a fine , rather than imprisonment . Some jurisdictions/drug courts use mandatory treatment programs for young or frequent users , with freedom from narcotic drugs as the goal and a few jurisdictions permit cannabis use for medicinal purposes . Routine drug tests to detect cannabis are most common in the United States , and have resulted in jail sentences and loss of employment even for medical use . In most European countries , privacy and labor laws prevent such testing for job applicants . Simple possession can carry long jail sentences in some countries , particularly in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia , where the sale of cannabis may lead to life imprisonment or execution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb25eb2d3b1fa9403ec83d12062d90a0", "text": "Cornealious Michael Anderson III Cornealious Michael `` Mike '' Anderson III ( born c. 1977 ) was convicted of armed robbery in 2000 and sentenced to 13 years in the Missouri state prison system . Shortly after his conviction he was released on bail pending the outcome of an appeal of his conviction . In May 2002 , his appeal was rejected but , due to a clerical error , his bond was not revoked when a warrant was issued for his arrest . It was unclear why he was not arrested and imprisoned to serve his 13-year sentence , but , apparently due to clerical errors and miscommunication , the Missouri Department of Corrections thought he was already in prison . The error was only discovered when he was scheduled to be released from prison in 2013 . On July 25 , 2013 he was arrested and required to serve his 13-year sentence . The case stirred controversy when investigative articles were written by Jessica Lussenhop in the Riverfront Times newspaper and when his case was covered nationally in the United States in an episode of This American Life . By April 2014 , his case began receiving extensive national and international attention . These articles and episode raised the question of whether he should be returned to prison 13 years after his conviction especially since the victim of his crime did not believe he should be in prison . Anderson 's attorney filed several appeals and petitions for his release from prison , and on May 5 , 2014 Anderson was released from prison . In 2014 , he was arrested for another crime , but subsequent videotape evidence showed that he could not have committed the crime and charges were dropped with an apology by Circuit Attorney Jennifer M. Joyce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad94486add815eb5645f9d2cb5bb6ed5", "text": "Assist (Scientology) The Scientology Assist is a procedure claimed to alleviate `` a present time -LSB- current -RSB- discomfort '' or bring a person who has recently died back to life . Assists are claimed to address the spirit , the person themselves , in bringing about a speedier recovery from illness and injury . For this reason it is made very clear that Assists do not `` heal the body '' , it is the spirit that helps heal the body and that is what assists are actually addressing and there are many records where parishioners of the Church have attested to their effectiveness either receiving or administering them . There are many different types of Assists that anyone can easily and swiftly learn to do at home for aiding recovery of all manner of illnesses , accidents and injuries and even domestic upsets , of any and all age groups including babies and even pets . There are also assists to , Scientologists believe , help make someone sober or recover from the loss of a loved one . No drugs or medication is used . They are not intended to replace competent professional medical treatment , which is why they are correctly called ASSISTS and not `` medicine '' or `` healing '' . They are thought to assist the ill or injured person themselves to recover more swiftly in the way they were designed and prescribed , as well as in conjunction with competent professional medical treatment where necessary . Assists can and often are administered without any medical treatment necessary , but does not replace it when it is necessary . Thousands of examples of miraculous results of Assists are claimed . The Church and its founder have been accused of unauthorized `` healing '' or `` practicing medicine '' ( i.e. addressing the body ) with Assists , when internal publications within the Church on Assist procedure state this is not the case . In the past , the Church of Scientology has received negative attention from law enforcement and regulatory agencies for practicing medicine without proper licensing . Thus , even though assists are intended to treat pain , injuries , and even death , modern Church of Scientology publications are careful to note that they are not intended to replace medicine , since it often goes against current scientific understanding of the subject and may result in direct conflict with the relevant authorities . As the Scientology Handbook ( 1994 edition ) states , `` Medical examination and diagnosis should be sought where needed , and where treatment is routinely successful , medical treatment should be obtained . An assist is not a substitute for medical treatment and does not attempt to cure injuries requiring medical aid , but is complementary ( adds ) to it . '' </blockquote>", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2cdbe9d5bb518fbb378298026b04adc", "text": "Wood (song) `` Wood '' is a song by English post-trip hop band Second Person , which will be on the band 's second album : `` The Elements '' - the follow-up to their debut album `` Chromatography '' . Released on 9 August 2007 , this song has a music video created by a collaboration of artists , animators and the band . This video is the first chapter in a story spanning five videos that make up a short animated film also called `` The Elements '' . These video along with the album were created for `` believers '' in the band on Sellaband.com who helped the band raise $ 50,000 to record their album . These videos and songs can be download from their site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a2b3138e820d1d2b8193f459c368b16", "text": "Periodic Review Board The Periodic Review Boards administrate a US `` administrative procedure '' for recommending whether certain individuals held in the Guantanamo Bay detention camps , in Cuba are safe to release or transfer , or whether they should continue to be held without charge . The boards are authorized by and overseen by the Periodic Review Secretariat , which President Barack Obama set up with Executive Order 13567 on March 7 , 2011 . Senior Civil Service officials from six agencies sit on the Board : the United States Department of Defense , Homeland Security , Justice and State , and the offices of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Director of National Intelligence . Each member has a veto over any recommendation . Although Obama authorized the Secretariat to conduct periodic reviews in early 2011 , the first review was not conducted until late 2013 . On July 21 , 2013 , Carol Rosenberg , writing in the Miami Herald , reported that the announcement that the Boards would finally be convened followed a `` flurry of emails '' to the captives attorneys -- after years of delay . Rosenberg noted that the announcement from Norton C. Joerg , a former officer and senior lawyer with the United States Navy , came at the height of the most widespread Guantanamo hunger strike . Individuals who have faced charges , become eligible to have their status reviewed by a Periodic Review Board , if the charges they faced are dropped . In 2013 , 24 new individuals who the Guantanamo Review Task Force had recommended should face charges , had those charges dropped , and became eligible for review , when appeals courts had overturned convictions for `` providing material support for terrorism '' . During the second review , on January 28 , 2014 , that of Abdel Malik al Rahabi , nine reporters and four human rights workers were allowed to observe a video-link to the 19 minute unclassified portion of the hearing . 69 other individuals can expect to have their status reviewed . Almost half of the individuals still at Guantanamo have already been cleared for release or transfer -- some as long ago as 2005 , so critics have questioned how meaningful it had been to clear Mahmud Abd Al Aziz Al Mujahid for release . Under the Obama Administration , the Board examined 63 detainees , recommending 37 of those to be transferred . Of the 693 total former detainees transferred out of Guantanamo , 30 % are suspected or confirmed to have reengaged in terrorist activity . Of those detainees that were transferred out under President Obama , 5.6 % are confirmed and 6.8 % are suspected of reengaging in terrorist activity . The Board held its first hearing under President Donald Trump on February 9 , 2017 . Warning of the danger of recidivism , that same day eleven Republican Senators wrote a letter encouraging the President to immediately suspend the Board and to prohibit the transfer of any detainees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ae4fa9b09257224102d77e32c35b7a8", "text": "Fort Leonard Wood Fort Leonard Wood is a United States Army installation located in the Missouri Ozarks . The main gate is located on the southern boundary of St. Robert . The post was created in December 1940 and named in honor of General Leonard Wood ( former Chief of Staff ) in January 1941 . Originally intended to train infantry troops , in 1941 it became an engineer training post with the creation of the Engineer Replacement Training Center . During World War II Italian and German POWs were interned at the fort . In 1984 , as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process , most of the U.S. Army Engineer School 's operations were consolidated at Fort Leonard Wood . Before that , officer training was conducted at Fort Belvoir Virginia . In 1999 , again as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process , Fort McClellan , Alabama was closed , and the U.S. Army Chemical Corps and Military Police Corps schools were transferred to Fort Leonard Wood , which was concurrently redesignated the U.S. Army Maneuver Support Center . In 2009 , the U.S. Army Maneuver Support Center was redesignated the U.S. Army Maneuver Support Center of Excellence ( MSCoE ) ; the `` center of excellence '' designation was placed on almost all U.S. Army training institutions . The current commanding general is Major General Kent D. Savre and the command sergeant major is Command Sergeant Major Roy Ward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4c0c4490e016b72c51de0c0216ca971", "text": "Steve Wood (footballer, born February 1963) Steve Wood ( born 2 February 1963 ) is an English former football defender . Wood started his career as an apprentice at Arsenal but was then snapped up by Reading for whom he had eight successful years gaining promotion to the then first division . He then moved to Millwall , and finally onto Southampton . He had a brief spells at Oxford United and Woking in the latter part of his career then retired . He now runs his own football agency business , www.midas-sports.com , where he looks after about 40 players including Chris Baird , Simon Church and Alex Pearce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db9e30702d724c531e6e11ec643168ee", "text": "Veterans' Land Board scandal The Veterans ' Land Board Scandal was a political scandal in Texas in that became public in 1954 . The Texas Legislature enacted the Veterans ' Land Act in November 1946 . The measure called for issuing $ 25 million in bonds , the proceeds of which would be used by the state government to purchase land and resell it to veterans of World War II at 3 % interest on 40 year loans . In early 1951 another $ 75 million was appropriated by the state for this purpose . The only stipulations on the purchase was that the loan could not be for more than $ 7,500 and the tracts of land could not be less than 20 acres ( 80,000 m ² ) . A 5 % downpayment was required , and the land could not be resold for three years . The law allowed for `` block sales , '' whereby veterans could join together to buy the land . This was allowed because it would be difficult to buy 20 acres ( 80,000 m ² ) with only $ 7,500 . The scandal was unveiled in November 1954 when reporter Roland Towery , then managing editor of the Cuero Record , published the results of his investigation of a tip that prominent Cuero-area businessmen were entertaining local Hispanic and African-American laborers , an unheard of thing in South Texas at this time . The businessmen were paying the laborers , who were veterans and mostly illiterate , to sign applications for the land grants and the businessmen would pocket the money . Many of the veterans who purchased land in block sales were not even aware that they had purchased land . In fact , many were led to believe that they were getting free land as part of a veteran entitlement program or else were receiving some type of veterans ' compensation from the state . When Towery asked Texas Veterans Land Board chairman ( and Texas General Land Office commissioner ) Bascom Giles about these irregularities , Giles denied involvement , attributing the irregularities to local land speculators . Struck by the fact that Giles had defended himself before even being accused of anything , Towrey ran with the story , accelerating an investigation begun the previous year by the state attorney general , John Ben Shepperd . Fraud was soon discovered in nine south Texas counties , and numerous members of the General Land Office were charged with fraud and conspiracy to defraud veterans . Giles was imprisoned for his role in the scandal , and many others paid heavy fines for their crimes . Governor Allan Shivers and John Ben Sheppard , as ex officio members of the Veterans Land Board , were tainted by the scandal . Ralph Yarborough and his allies in the liberal wing of the Texas Democratic Party pointed to the scandal as an example of the kind of corruption that the conservative Shivercrats were willing to overlook .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "379be0234d081eb24123f09f98a52aeb", "text": "Grand Home Furnishings Grand Home Furnishings is a regional chain of furniture stores headquartered in Roanoke , Virginia , in the United States . As of May 2006 , Grand operates fourteen retail stores in Virginia , two in Tennessee , and two in West Virginia . Grand recently opened a retail store in the growing Smith Mountain Lake community of Franklin County , Virginia . Grand also has a warehouse furniture outlet in Roanoke . Grand 's stores and outlets are supplied by four distribution centers in Virginia and one in Tennessee . The chain 's first location was opened in downtown Roanoke in 1910 under the name Grand Piano Company and specialized in pianos , other musical instruments and related merchandise . During the 1930s the company added furniture , radios , and phonographs . When purchased in 1945 by the Cartledge family , the name was changed to the Grand Piano and Furniture Company . In the 1950s , the chain began to expand outside of Roanoke into Southwest Virginia , the Shenandoah Valley , and eventually other states . Grand Piano and Furniture continued to sell pianos well after the company 's focus had shifted to furniture . Grand eventually stopped selling pianos and assumed its current name , Grand Home Furnishings , in 1998 . Many in the Roanoke area still commonly refer to the chain as Grand Piano . Grand may be best known for offering a cold , eight-ounce bottle of Coca-Cola to customers as they enter the store . The tradition began at a Lynchburg , Virginia store opening in 1953 and was soon adopted by the entire chain . Grand hands out over one million bottles of Coke per year . Grand built a free standing location at Valley View Mall in 1991 . This new store would become the chain 's flagship in the Roanoke area after the closure of its landmark downtown Roanoke location in the late 1990s . Grand has made NASCAR cross promotions a primary focus of its marketing efforts since the 1990s . The company was a sponsor of the Winston Cup Wood Brothers racing team based in Stuart , Virginia until 2004 , and its drivers and cars frequently made promotional appearance at the chain 's stores . Grand currently sponsors Kevin Wood 's No. 20 Grand Home Furnishings Ford in the NASCAR sanctioned Whelen All-American Series . In December 2005 , industry newspaper Furniture Today ranked Grand Home Furnishings as the 58th largest furniture retailer in the US with annual sales of $ 111 million . Distributions centers are located in Virginia and Tennessee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc334afa176dc1eb3d35864e0d286c84", "text": "Woodpigeon (band) Woodpigeon are an indie pop collective founded in Calgary , Alberta , Canada . It is led by and performs the songs of Mark Andrew Hamilton . Woodpigeon have released six studio albums , and a number of EPs , and Hamilton has worked with over 75 collaborators both on record and in live performance . Live , Woodpigeon is often a solo project incorporating loops and layered vocals . When asked about the band 's name , Hamilton explains : `` I 've always been in love with the word Woodpigeon for as long as I can remember . When you write it in cursive , it looks like a rollercoaster . '' The band 's sound has been compared to Sufjan Stevens , Grizzly Bear , Talk Talk , Camera Obscura , Simon & Garfunkel , and Belle & Sebastian , amongst others . Band leader Mark Hamilton 's main lyrical influence is The Kinks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f986430b9984bfa7ecdc38a4966f325a	Istanbul's population has increased since the 1950s.	[ { "docid": "9ffda74fdf2c79710459bb29411fba5a", "text": "Istanbul Istanbul ( -LSB- ˌɪstænˈbʊl -RSB- , -LSB- - ˈbuːl -RSB- or -LSB- - stɑːn - -RSB- İstanbul -LSB- isˈtɑnbuɫ -RSB- ) , historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium , is the most populous city in Turkey and the country 's economic , cultural , and historic center . Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia , straddling the Bosphorus strait ( which separates Europe and Asia ) between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea . Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives on the Asian side . The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ( conterminous with Istanbul Province ) , both hosting a population of around 14.7 million residents . Istanbul is one of the world 's most populous cities and ranks as the world 's 7th-largest city proper and the largest European city . Founded under the name of Byzantion on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE , the city developed to become one of the most significant in history . After its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE , it served as an imperial capital for almost 16 centuries , during the Roman and Byzantine ( 330 -- 1204 and 1261 -- 1453 ) , the Latin ( 1204 -- 1261 ) , and the Ottoman ( 1453 -- 1922 ) empires . It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times , before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold and the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate . Istanbul 's strategic position on the historic Silk Road , rail networks to Europe and the Middle East , and the only sea route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean have produced a cosmopolitan populace , although less so since the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923 . Overlooked for the new capital Ankara during the interwar period , the city has since regained much of its prominence . The population of the city has increased tenfold since the 1950s , as migrants from across Anatolia have moved in and city limits have expanded to accommodate them . Arts , music , film , and cultural festivals were established at the end of the 20th century and continue to be hosted by the city today . Infrastructure improvements have produced a complex transportation network . Approximately foreign visitors arrived in Istanbul in 2015 , five years after it was named a European Capital of Culture , making the city the world 's fifth most popular tourist destination . The city 's biggest attraction is its historic center , partially listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , and its cultural and entertainment hub can be found across the city 's natural harbor , the Golden Horn , in the Beyoğlu district . Considered a global city , Istanbul has one of the fastest-growing metropolitan economies in the world . It hosts the headquarters of many Turkish companies and media outlets and accounts for more than a quarter of the country 's gross domestic product . Hoping to capitalize on its revitalization and rapid expansion , Istanbul has bid for the Summer Olympics five times in twenty years .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95ff6edca830fe3ff9bc2786dfe0c03", "text": "Baby boomers Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end . Typically , they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964 . Increased birth rates were observed during the post -- World War II baby boom making the baby boomers a relatively large demographic cohort . The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage . Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence . As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive . One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . '' The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort ( 1954-1960 ) and the early years of Generation X ( 1961-1965 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bf7c447c20f32484f33c6c381c7d508", "text": "Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University The Faculty of Political Science of the University of Ankara ( Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi , more simply known as `` SBF '' ) is the oldest faculty of social science in Turkey , being the successor of the `` Mekteb-i Mülkiye '' ( also known as the `` Mülkiye '' ) which was established in Istanbul on February 12 , 1859 , under the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz , then moved to Ankara in 1936 under a new name , and was incorporated to Ankara University on April 3 , 1950 , under its current name . The Faculty of Political Science provides higher education in the fields of Political Science , Public Finance , Economics , Public Administration , Labor Economics , Business Administration and International Relations . It is considered to be one of the most influential institutes in the political life of Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a123e181dd345066f7f7cac2cf05e80", "text": "Marmaray Marmaray ( -LSB- ˈmaɾmaˌɾaj -RSB- ) is a partially operational rail transportation project in the Turkish city of Istanbul . It comprises a rail tunnel under the Bosphorus strait , and the modernization of existing suburban railway lines along the Sea of Marmara from Halkalı on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side . The procurement of new rolling stock for suburban passenger traffic is also part of the project . Construction started in 2004 , with an initial target opening date of April 2009 . After multiple delays caused by the discovery of historical and archaeological finds , the first phase of the project opened on October 29 , 2013 . It is the first standard gauge rail connection between Europe and Asia . The second phase of the project was scheduled to open in 2015 , but the work has been stopped and it is unknown when it will be finished . Marmaray is the fourth underground system in Istanbul after Tünel Funicular , Metro and Kabataş -- Taksim Funicular and highly integrated with Metro lines . The name Marmaray comes from combining the name of the Sea of Marmara , which lies just south of the project site , with ray , the Turkish word for rail . The Turkish press has compared it to the Silk Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a6bb55b72509d9ab6592c90c1cbcae1", "text": "East Turkestan Liberation Organization The East Turkestan Liberation Organization ( ETLO ; -LSB- Doğu Türkistan Kurtuluş Örgütü , East Turkistan Islamic Movement -RSB- -LSB- شارقىي تۇركەستان ئازاتلىق تەشكىلاتى , Шәрқий Түркестан Азатлиқ Тешкилати , Sharqiy Turkestan Azatliq Teshkilati ; SHAT -RSB- ) was a secessionist Uyghur organization that advocated for an independent Uyghur state named East Turkestan in the Western Chinese province known as Xinjiang . The organization was established in Turkey in 1990 or 1996 to fight against the Chinese government in Xinjiang , a territory in which no ethnicity forms a majority , but is inhabited in order of most populous to least by Uyghur , Han Chinese , Kazakh and other Turkic communities . Xinjiang or East Turkestan has a population of 18 million , eight million of which are Turkic-speaking Muslim Uighurs . As a result of Chinese economic development policies , the demography of the region has altered - ethnic Han Chinese population of the region has risen to 40 % or 7.5 million people of the total population , as opposed to 6 % in 1949 . Kazakhs , the third largest group , constitute 1.2 million . ETLO is a designated terrorist organization by the governments of China and Kazakhstan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6e8398982b011eba7029311265ffeb8", "text": "2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt On 15 July 2016 , an alleged coup d'état was attempted in Turkey against state institutions , including , but not limited to the government and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan . The attempt was carried out by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces that organized themselves as the Peace at Home Council . They attempted to seize control of several key places in Ankara , Istanbul , and elsewhere , but failed to do so after forces loyal to the state defeated them . The Council cited an erosion of secularism , elimination of democratic rule , disregard for human rights , and Turkey 's loss of credibility in the international arena as reasons for the coup . The government accused the coup leaders of being linked to the Gülen movement , which is designated as a terrorist organization by the Republic of Turkey and led by Fethullah Gülen , a Turkish businessman and cleric who lives in Pennsylvania . Erdoğan accuses Gülen of being behind the coup -- a claim that Gülen denies -- and accused the United States of harboring him . Gülen has suggested the coup was in fact a `` self-coup '' carried out by Erdogan to consolidate his grip on power , a belief shared among some analysts and many Turks . Events surrounding the coup attempt and the purges in its aftermath reflect a complex power struggle between Islamist elites in Turkey . During the coup , over 300 people were killed and more than 2,100 were injured . Many government buildings , including the Turkish Parliament and the Presidential Palace , were bombed from the air . Mass arrests followed , with at least 40,000 detained , including at least 10,000 soldiers and , for reasons that remain unclear , 2,745 judges . 15,000 education staff were also suspended and the licenses of 21,000 teachers working at private institutions were revoked as well after the government alleged they were loyal to Gülen . More than 100,000 people have been arrested or fired from their jobs , on accusations of connections to Gülen . Reactions to the event were largely against the coup attempt , both domestically and internationally . The main opposition parties in Turkey condemned the attempt , while several international leaders -- such as those from the United States , NATO , the European Union , and other neighboring countries -- called for `` respect of the democratic institutions in Turkey and its elected officials . '' International organizations expressed themselves against the coup as well . The United Nations Security Council , however , did not denounce the coup after disagreements over the phrasing of a statement . President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan accused the head of United States Central Command , chief General Joseph Votel of `` siding with coup plotters '' , after Votel accused the Turkish government of arresting the Pentagon 's contacts in Turkey . In March 2017 , Germany 's intelligence chief said Germany was unconvinced by Erdoğan 's claim that Fethullah Gulen was behind the failed coup . Also in March , the British Parliament 's Foreign Affairs Committee said some Gulenists were involved in coup d'état attempt but found no hard evidence that Fethullah Gülen masterminded the failed coup and found no evidence to justify the UK designating the Gülen movement as a `` terrorist organization '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cdb2782c3a2948e1dfb3a8171025bc2", "text": "Immigration to Turkey Since the 19th century , an exodus by the large portion of Turkish ( Turkic ) and Muslim peoples ( who are termed `` Muhacir '' under a general definition ) from the Balkans ( Balkan Turks , Albanians , Bosniaks , Pomaks ) , Caucasus ( Abkhazians , Ajarians , ` Circassians ' , Chechens ) , Crimea ( Crimean Tatar diaspora ) , Crete ( Cretan Turks ) , took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country 's fundamental features . Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day , although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements -- Turkey , for example , receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia , the Republic of Moldova , Georgia , Iran , and Azerbaijan , but also from Central Asia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a249ba97eae693147482716b1edde014", "text": "List of people from Istanbul This is a list of notable people hailing from the city of Istanbul . Hrant Dink editor of an Armenian newspaper Halide Edip Adıvar , novelist , politician Müjde Ar , actress Oğuz Aral , cartoonist Bülent Arel , music producer Duygu Asena , women 's rights activist Cenk Aydin , businessman Hulusi Behçet , dermatologist Semiha Berksoy , opera singer Orhan Boran , radio and TV host Aydın Boysan Yaşar Büyükanıt , Chief of the Turkish General Staff Eylül Cansın , transgender sex worker Cornelius Castoriadis , Greek-French political philosopher Hakan Celik , journalist , TV anchorman , radio producer Hande Berktan , journalist , TV presenter Nuri Bilge Ceylan , filmmaker Manuel Chrysoloras , Greek academic , diplomat Tansu Çiller , former prime minister Bülent Ecevit , former prime minister Neşe Erberk , Miss Europe 1984 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , President of Turkey Sertab Erener , singer Ahmet Ertegün , co-founder and executive of Atlantic Records and the New York Cosmos Nesuhi Ertegün , co-founder and executive of Atlantic Records and the New York Cosmos Yonca Evcimik , pop singer Leyla Gencer , opera singer Fatma Girik , actress Gregory V , Greek Patriarch of Constantinople Ara Güler , photographer Tunç Hamarat , correspondence chess world champion 2004 Tunch Ilkin , former American football player , TV anchor Ertuğrul Işınbark , stage magician Nihat Kahveci , football player Elia Kazan , director , producer , screenwriter , novelist Hülya Koçyiğit , actress Fahri Korutürk , former president of Turkey Lefter Küçükandonyadis , football player Mike Lazaridis , founder of Research in Motion Nasuh Mahruki , first Turkish person to summit Mt. Everest Barış Manço , musician Andrew Mango , British author Arif Mardin , music producer Kleanthis Maropoulos , Greek footballer Alexander Mavrocordatos , Greek dragoman to Sultan Mehmed IV Kostas Negrepontis , Greek footballer Aziz Nesin , novelist Marika Nezer , Greek singer Irfan Orga , Turkish Air Force fighter pilot , diplomat , writer Orhan Pamuk , novelist Pekinel sisters , twin pianists Ajda Pekkan , singer Athinodoros Prousalis , Greek actor Nicola Rossi-Lemeni , opera singer Alexandros Soutsos , Greek poet and partisan Haldun Taner , playwright Hidayet Türkoğlu , basketball player Orhan Veli , poet Stavros Xenidis , Greek actor Hamza Yerlikaya , wrestler and Olympic gold medalist Cem Yilmaz , stand-up comedian , actor Alexander Ypsilantis ( senior ) , Greek diplomat Alexander Ypsilantis ( junior ) , Greek military commander Constantine Ypsilantis , Greek revolutionary", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de9e22905278dfa8df629315d8642c", "text": "Bahçelievler Bahçelievler ( meaning `` houses with gardens '' in Turkish ) is a large middle class residential suburb of Istanbul , Turkey , on the European side of the city . It is accessible from the E-5 Highway that runs from the Istanbul airport to the Asian side of the city , covers 5 % of Istanbul 's land area and is home to over 570,000 people . Bahçelievler is the northern neighbour of Bakırköy , with a similar area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11c9f69b15a393e8a6c0bc261f4a9578", "text": "Seferihisar Seferihisar is a coastal district and the center town of the same district in İzmir Province , in Turkey . Seferihisar district area borders on other İzmir districts of Urla to the west and Menderes ( Cumaovası ) to the east , and touches İzmir 's western-most metropolitan district of Güzelbahçe in the north . Seferihisar town center is situated slightly inland at an altitude of 28 m and the urban area extends towards the sea as composed of eight quarters , with some distance among some , and one of which , the neighborhood called Sığacık stands somewhat separately from the rest at a distance of 5 km , and has its own port and made a name as a tourism resort by its own right . The wide area of the district center partly accounts for the high number of the population and an urbanization rate of only 51 % , and the general impression observed is rather rural in some of its sections . Both the center town and the district as a whole preserves an overall outlook of a pleasant resort area bearing typical Aegean characteristics and it is estimated the population reaches the level of 150,000 people during the touristic season . Nevertheless , the district 's economy is still largely based on agriculture , with the production of tangerines and satsumas standing out , and only increasingly on tourism , with the presence of several housing projects or vacation villages , pensioners opting to settle in the region due to its quiet charm and under the impetus of a university campus that is in phase of being built . At a distance of 45 km from İzmir center , ( Konak ) , the connections with the metropolis are made easily , especially once reached the six-lane highway in Urla . Seferihisar is where the ancient city of Teos is located and its highly interesting await further research and discoveries . The district 's literacy level is 99 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8493b25a3bd4d19afca0f22c9aaf8f9f", "text": "1959 in Turkey Events in the year 1959 in Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec3d38767aee80ace232f8ac57bfe346", "text": "Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government During the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government , civil -- military relationship moved towards normalization in which the influence of the military was reduced . During its nine-year reign , the ruling Justice and Development Party , or AK Party , has often faced off against the military , gaining political power by challenging a pillar of the country 's laicistic establishment . The ruling party , which came to power following the November 3 , 2002 general elections , is not the first government to have tangled with the military in Turkey , where the powerful Turkish Armed Forces , or TSK , has periodically carried out coups d'état since the 1960s . But the shift in the balance of power in civil-military ties has been one of the most important changes the AK Party has made to Turkey 's political landscape . Under the party 's tenure , the military , while it remains suspicious of the motives of the AK Party , has become much less enthusiastic about making public statements on political issues and more cooperative in efforts to further align Turkey 's standards to those of the European Union even when such moves would curb the TSK 's own powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "167966b774ec0fa57ed65e752336e633", "text": "Şarkışla Şarkışla is a town in the Central Anatolian Sivas Province of Turkey . The mayor is Ahmet Turgay Oğuz ( AKP ) . 2011 population of Şarkışla is 39.413 . Aşık Veysel , one of the most famous Turkish folk poets and folk music singers of the 20th century were born in Şarkışla , as well as another earlier poet ( 19th century ) named Aşık Sefil Kanberi . The well known Turkish originated female Dutch politician Nebahat Albayrak was born ( 1968 ) in Maksutlu village of this town as well . Şarkışla has all the characteristics of Central Anatolian climate in all seasons . The weather is mostly sunny and dry , and the clouds are high . In the summer time , it is a better place to live in and in the winter it is very cold here . There are plenty of dams constructed in and around the town , which are used for agricultural and recreational needs . A recently constructed Baku -- Tbilisi -- Ceyhan pipeline is crossing by Şarkışla . The history of this town is very old . Şarkışla is known to be populated since the ancient time of Romans . A historical high castle still exists in the middle of the town . During the last decades , many residents emigrated from this region to settle abroad . Anatolian cultural motives can be seen here . A rich Turkish cuisine and variety of regional foods and meals are found here .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff06fb387ba6f76cba4a88ce7ccebdbf", "text": "History of the Byzantine Empire This history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the Eastern Roman Empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD . Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire 's east and west divided . In 285 , the emperor Diocletian ( r. 284 -- 305 ) partitioned the Roman Empire 's administration into eastern and western halves . Between 324 and 330 , Constantine I ( r. 306 -- 337 ) transferred the main capital from Rome to Byzantium , later known as Constantinople ( `` City of Constantine '' ) and Nova Roma ( `` New Rome '' ) . Under Theodosius I ( r. 379 -- 395 ) , Christianity became the Empire 's official state religion and others such as Roman polytheism were proscribed . And finally , under the reign of Heraclius ( r. 610 -- 641 ) , the Empire 's military and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use instead of Latin . Thus , although it continued the Roman state and maintained Roman state traditions , modern historians distinguish Byzantium from ancient Rome insofar as it was oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture , and characterised by Orthodox Christianity rather than Roman polytheism . The borders of the Empire evolved significantly over its existence , as it went through several cycles of decline and recovery . During the reign of Justinian I ( r. 527 -- 565 ) , the Empire reached its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast , including north Africa , Italy , and Rome itself , which it held for two more centuries . During the reign of Maurice ( r. 582 -- 602 ) , the Empire 's eastern frontier was expanded and the north stabilised . However , his assassination caused a two-decade-long war with Sassanid Persia which exhausted the Empire 's resources and contributed to major territorial losses during the Muslim conquests of the 7th century . In a matter of years the Empire lost its richest provinces , Egypt and Syria , to the Arabs . During the Macedonian dynasty ( 10th -- 11th centuries ) , the Empire again expanded and experienced a two-century long renaissance , which came to an end with the loss of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 . This battle opened the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia as a homeland . The final centuries of the Empire exhibited a general trend of decline . It struggled to recover during the 12th century , but was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade , when Constantinople was sacked and the Empire dissolved and divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms . Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople and re-establishment of the Empire in 1261 , Byzantium remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence . Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans over the 15th century . The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 finally ended the Roman Empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e07c2c003bae1d309590f2d65d47dbd", "text": "Sultanbeyli Sultanbeyli ( -LSB- sulˈtanbejli -RSB- ) is a working class suburb of Istanbul , Turkey on the Asian side , inland from Kartal and Pendik . It has a population of 298,143 as of 2011 , more than triple the 1990 figure of 82,298 . The mayor is Hüseyin Keskin of the AKP . Its neighbours are Sancaktepe from west , Pendik from east and Kartal from northwest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d941fa3a8a268f3d0facd480509c13c", "text": "Yenikapı Yenikapı ( -LSB- jenikapɯ -RSB- ) is a port and a quarter in Istanbul , Turkey , in the metropolitan district of Fatih on the European side of the Bosphorus and along the southern shore of the city 's historically central peninsula . Yenikapı is notable for the ongoing excavations on its Byzantine port discovered in 2004 . This has become one of the largest investigations in Europe , because of the size and the number of the shipwrecks found since the initial discovery , and the large number of associated artefacts . The commercial harbor , called the Harbour of Theodosius , in use between the 5th and the 10th centuries , was an alternative to Constantinople 's traditional berths situated along the inlet of the Golden Horn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32ecfe318f997140c0e400a2ee3c5557", "text": "Greek legislative election, 1956 Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 19 February 1956 . The result was a victory for Constantine Karamanlis and his National Radical Union party by securing the electoral vote despite trailing in the popular vote . It was the first general election in Greece in which women had the right to vote , although women had first voted in a by-election in Thessaloniki Prefecture in 1953 in which the first female MP was elected . Although the Liberal Democratic Union , a coalition of centrist parties , received a slim plurality of votes , the conservative governing party , the National Radical Union , won the most seats due to a complex and controversial electoral system enacted by Karamanlis . A `` first past the post '' system was applied in the rural constituencies where the ERE was expected to gain a plurality , while proportional representation was reserved for the urban constituencies , where the Liberal Democratic Union was expected to lead . As a result , the Liberal Democratic Union came up 19 seats short of a majority . The Liberal Democratic Union included the Liberal Party , led by Sophoklis Venizelos and Georgios Papandreou , as well as the left-wing EDA , led by Ioannis Passalidis . A few years later , Georgios Papandreou and Sophoklis Venizelos renounced their alliance with EDA , breaking up the Liberal Democratic Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "774be94fea0aebbb9484933982fcd7a0", "text": "Genetic studies on Turkish people In population genetics , research has been made to study the genetic origins of the modern Turkish people in Turkey . These studies sought to determine whether the modern Turks have a stronger genetical affinity with the Turkic peoples of Central Asia from where the Seljuk Turks began migrating to Anatolia following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 , which led to the establishment of the Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate in the late 11th century ; or if they instead largely descended from the indigenous peoples of Anatolia who were culturally assimilated during the Seljuk and Ottoman periods , with assimilation policies such as the devshirme system and the jizya tax . Autosomal studies with recent methodology estimate the Central Asian contribution in Turkish people at 13-15 % noting that results may indicate previous population movements ( e.g. migration , admixture ) or genetic drift , given the fact that Europe and South Asia have some genetic relatedness . The largest autosomal study on Turkish genetics predicted that the weight of Central Asian migration legacy of the Turkish people is estimated at 21.7 % . The authors conclude on the basis of previous studies that `` South Asian contribution to Turkey 's population was significantly higher than East/Central Asian contributions , suggesting that the genetic variation of medieval Central Asian populations may be more closely related to South Asian populations , or that there was continued low level migration from South Asia into Anatolia . '' They note that these weights are not direct estimates of the migration rates as the original donor populations are not known , and the exact kinship between current East Asians and the medieval Oghuz Turks is uncertain . For instance , genetic pools of Central Asian Turkic peoples is particularly diverse and modern Oghuz Turkmens living in Central Asia are with slightly higher West Eurasian genetic component than East Eurasian . Several studies have concluded that the genetic haplogroups indigenous to Western Asia have the largest share in the gene pool of the present-day Turkish population . An admixture analysis determined that the Anatolian Turks share most of their genetic ancestry with non-Turkic populations in the region and the 12th century is set as an admixture date . However , isolates with dominant Central Asian genetic makeup were found in an Afshar village near Ankara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd5d80ebfe61e646d3475f1629970a87", "text": "Ulus Baker Ulus Sedat Baker ( July 14 , 1960 in Ankara , Turkey -- July 12 , 2007 in İstanbul , Turkey ) was a Turkish Cypriot sociologist . Baker was born to a cosmopolitan family ; his mother was the famous Cypriot poet Pembe Marmara , and his father was the prominent psychiatrist of the island , Sedat Baker . Baker studied in Russia ( then the Soviet Union ) , Turkey , France , and Cyprus . He completed his studies at the Department of Sociology in METU in Ankara and began his academic life in the same institution shortly thereafter . He was a very productive intellectual and a prolific scholar ; he had already become an influential public intellectual in Turkish cultural life beyond the academia by mid-nineties . Although he had always taught within academic institutions , his relation with academia had certain tensions and breaks ; he only completed his Ph.D. in 2002 with a thesis titled `` From Opinions to Images : Towards a Sociology of Affects '' , he was uninterested in having a stable academic position , and after 2000 till his death , he had various teaching gigs in different universities in Ankara and Istanbul besides his main affiliation at Middle East Technical University . Shortly before his death , he also started teaching in Istanbul , where he died . Baker was an influential figure in contemporary political theory in Turkey , both as a prolific author , and as a professor of sociology , media , and film theory . From late 80 's till his death , he frequently wrote for major Turkish scholarly journals such as Birikim , Toplum ve Bilim , Virgül , and Defter . He was a polyglot , his fields of interest ranged from literary criticism to the cinema of Dziga Vertov . He significantly contributed to the rise of interest in the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Baruch Spinoza through a variety of translations and lecture series . His political commitments inspired him to take part in the founding of Autonomist political/artistic collective Körotonomedya in 1994 with other Ankara-based scholars , students and artists of that time , including Aras Özgün , Özgür Gökmen and Hakan Topal . Körotonomedya collective has been among the forerunners of experimental new media and video art in Turkey , and Baker 's work within the collective became a major theoretical resource in these fields . , Baker was teaching Modern Visual Arts and Visual Thinking at GİSAM ( Audio Visual Systems Research and Production Centre ) of METU and at Istanbul Bilgi University . He died on July 12 , 2007 in Istanbul after being hospitalized for chronic liver deficiency . Besides a multitude of articles in various publications , Baker 's published works include ; What is Opinion ? ( Pyromedia , 2001 ) , Aşındırma Denemeleri ( Birikim Yayınları , Istanbul , 2002 ) , Siyasal Alanın Oluşumu Üzerine Bir Deneme ( Paragraf Yayınları , Ankara , 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9d48d985efd23d834bd06b85ba7767d", "text": "Kurdish rebellions in Turkey Kurdish rebellions in Turkey refer to Kurdish nationalist uprisings in Turkey , beginning with the Turkish War of Independence and the consequent transition from the Ottoman Empire into the modern Turkish state and lasting until present with the ongoing Kurdish-Turkish conflict . According to Ottoman military records , Kurdish rebellions have been taking place in Anatolia for over two centuries , While tribal Kurdish revolts had shuttered the Ottoman Empire through the last decades of its existence , the conflict in its modern phase is considered to have begun in 1922 , with the emergence of Kurdish nationalism in parallel with the formation of the modern State of Turkey . In 1925 , an uprising for an independent Kurdistan , led by Shaikh Said Piran , was put down quickly , and Said and 36 of his followers were executed soon thereafter . Several other large scale Kurdish revolts occurred in Ararat and Dersim in 1930 and 1937 . The British consul at Trebizond , the diplomatic post closest to Dersim , spoke of brutal and indiscriminate violence and made an explicit comparison with the Armenian massacres of 1915 . `` Thousands of Kurds , '' he wrote , `` including women and children , were slain ; others , mostly children , were thrown into the Euphrates ; while thousands of others in less hostile areas , who had first been deprived of their cattle and other belongings , were deported to vilayets ( provinces ) in Central Anatolia . It is now stated that the Kurdish question no longer exists in Turkey . '' Kurds accuse successive Turkish governments of suppressing their identity through such means as the banning of Kurdish language in print and media . Atatürk believed the unity and stability of a country lay in a unitary political identity , relegating cultural and ethnic distinctions to the private sphere . However , many Kurds did not relinquish their identities and language . Large-scale armed conflict between the Turkish armed forces and the Kurdistan Workers ' Party ( PKK ) occurred throughout the 1980s and 1990s , leaving over 35,000 dead . Recent moves by the Turkish government have provided Kurds with limited rights and freedoms , particularly in regards to the Kurdish language , education , and media . Kurdish politicians and activists still face pressure .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e8a788c8868f866cd8e157698c7bda0d	Moscow is a city.	[ { "docid": "bac4cb80d8612b56a5dd8e3228894688", "text": "Moscow Moscow is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.8 million within the urban area . Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city . Moscow is a major political , economic , cultural , and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe , as well as the largest city entirely on the European continent . By broader definitions Moscow is among the world 's largest cities , being the 14th largest metro area , the 18th largest agglomeration , the 15th largest urban area , and the 11th largest by population within city limits worldwide . According to Forbes 2013 , Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world by Mercer and has one of the world 's largest urban economies , being ranked as an alpha global city according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world according to the MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index . Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity and metropolis on Earth . It is home to the Ostankino Tower , the tallest free standing structure in Europe ; the Federation Tower , the tallest skyscraper in Europe ; and the Moscow International Business Center . By its territorial expansion on July 1 , 2012 southwest into the Moscow Oblast , the area of the capital more than doubled , going from 1091 to , and it gained an additional population of 233,000 people . Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia , making it the world 's most populated inland city . The city is well known for its architecture , particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil 's Cathedral with its brightly coloured domes . With over 40 percent of its territory covered by greenery , it is one of the greenest capitals and major cities in Europe and the world , having the largest forest in an urban area within its borders -- more than any other major city -- even before its expansion in 2012 . The city has served as the capital of a progression of states , from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union and the contemporary Russian Federation . Moscow is considered the centre of Russian culture , having served as the home of Russian artists , scientists and sports figures and because of the presence of museums , academic and political institutions and theatres . Moscow is the seat of power of the Government of Russia , being the site of the Moscow Kremlin , a medieval city-fortress that is today the residence for work of the President of Russia . The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city . Both chambers of the Russian parliament ( the State Duma and the Federation Council ) also sit in the city . The city is served by a transit network , which includes four international airports , nine railway terminals , numerous trams , a monorail system and one of the deepest underground rapid transit systems in the world , the Moscow Metro , the fourth-largest in the world and largest outside of Asia in terms of passenger numbers , and the busiest in Europe . It is recognised as one of the city 's landmarks due to the rich architecture of its 200 stations . Moscow has acquired a number of epithets , most referring to its size and preeminent status within the nation : The Third Rome , The Whitestone One , The First Throne , The Forty Forties , and The Hero City . In old Russian the word '' Сорок '' ( forty ) also meant a church administrative district , which consisted of about forty churches . The demonym for a Moscow resident is '' москвич '' ( moskvich ) for male or '' москвичка '' ( moskvichka ) for female , rendered in English as Muscovite .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "02a72217420aff0bf22b2747f97e5b52", "text": "Moscow Central Circle The Moscow Central Circle or MCC , designated Line 14 or just Encircle Line and marked in a strawberry red/white color is a 54 km orbital urban/metropolitan rail line that encircles historical Moscow . The line is rebuilt from the Little Ring of the Moscow Railway and opened to passengers on 10 September 2016 . and is operated by the Moscow Government owned company MKZD through the Moscow Metro , with the state-run Russian Railways selected as the operation subcontractor . The infrastructure , trackage and platforms are owned and managed by Russian Railways , while most station buildings are owned by MKZD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "835214f70f84790cbbf09467846381c0", "text": "Moscow Kazanskaya railway station Kazansky railway terminal ( Каза́нский вокза́л , Kazansky vokzal ) also known as Moscow Kazanskaya railway station ( Москва́ - Каза́нская , Moskva-Kazanskaya ) is one of nine railway terminals in Moscow , situated on the Komsomolskaya Square , across the square from the Leningradsky and Yaroslavsky stations . Kazansky station primarily serves two major railway lines radiating from Moscow : the eastbound one , to Kazan , Yekaterinburg , and points beyond ( one of the routes of the Trans-Siberian Railway ) , and the south-east-bound one , to Ryazan . After Ryazan , the south-eastern line branches a number of times , so that trains originating from Kazansky station serve most of south-eastern Russia , Kazakhstan , and the post-Soviet Central Asian states ( mostly via the Trans-Aral line ) . Commuter trains serving these two directions use Kazansky station as well . Occasionally , long-distance trains serving the eastbound Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod line use Kazansky station as well . However , the commuter trains of that line never do so , as they always arrive to Moscow 's Kursky Rail Terminal . Construction of the modern building according to the design by architect Alexey Shchusev started in 1913 and ended in 1940 . The building resembles the Söyembikä Tower in Kazan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46ab738b7c1b7fa13dbfc71faa907bb0", "text": "Southern Administrative Okrug Southern Administrative Okrug ( Ю́жный администрати́вный о́круг , Yuzhny administrativny okrug ) , or Yuzhny Administrative Okrug , is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions ( administrative okrugs ) of the federal city of Moscow , Russia . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 1,716,808 , up from 1,593,065 recorded during the 2002 Census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5344dd06b0f61695375ae8c13305d3d6", "text": "Odessa Odessa or Odesa ( Оде́са , -LSB- oˈdɛsɐ -RSB- -LSB- Оде́сса , p = ɐˈdʲesə -RSB- ) is the third most populous city of Ukraine and a major tourism center , seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea . Odessa is also an administrative center of the Odessa Oblast and a multiethnic cultural center . Odessa is sometimes called the `` pearl of the Black Sea , '' the `` South Capital '' ( under the Russian Empire and Soviet Union ) , and `` Southern Palmyra '' . The predecessor of Odessa , a small Tatar settlement , was founded by Hacı I Giray , the Khan of Crimea , in 1440 and originally named after him as `` Hacıbey '' . After a period of Lithuanian control , it passed into the domain of the Ottoman Sultan in 1529 and remained in Ottoman hands until the Ottoman Empire 's defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1792 . In 1794 , the city of Odessa was founded by a decree of the Empress Catherine the Great . From 1819 to 1858 , Odessa was a free port . During the Soviet period it was the most important port of trade in the Soviet Union and a Soviet naval base . On 1 January 2000 , the Quarantine Pier at Odessa Commercial Sea Port was declared a free port and free economic zone for a period of 25 years . During the 19th century , it was the fourth largest city of Imperial Russia , after Moscow , Saint Petersburg and Warsaw . Its historical architecture has a style more Mediterranean than Russian , having been heavily influenced by French and Italian styles . Some buildings are built in a mixture of different styles , including Art Nouveau , Renaissance and Classicist . Odessa is a warm-water port . The city of Odessa hosts both the Port of Odessa and Port Yuzhne , a significant oil terminal situated in the city 's suburbs . Another notable port , Chornomorsk , is located in the same oblast , to the south-west of Odessa . Together they represent a major transport hub integrating with railways . Odessa 's oil and chemical processing facilities are connected to Russian and European networks by strategic pipelines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebd405c09926b1aedc0e879d3dbeb6f2", "text": "FC Dynamo Moscow FC Dynamo Moscow ( Dinamo Moscow , FC Dinamo Moskva , Дина́мо Москва́ -LSB- dʲɪˈnamə mɐˈskva -RSB- ) is a Russian football club based in Khimki , Moscow Oblast . It will return to the Russian Premier League for the 2017 -- 18 season after one season in the second-tier Russian Football National League . Dynamo is the oldest Russian football club and it was the only one that had always played in the top tier of Soviet football ( along with Dynamo Kyiv ) and of Russian football from the end of the Soviet era until they were relegated in 2016 . Despite this , it has never won the modern Russian Premier League title . During the Soviet era , it was affiliated with the MVD ( Ministry of Internal Affairs -- The Soviet Militia ) and with the KGB and was a part of Dynamo sports society . Chief of the Soviet security and secret police apparatus NKVD , Lavrentiy Beria , was a patron of the club until his downfall . From 10 April 2009 the VTB Bank has been the owner of Dynamo after acquiring a 74 % share in the club . Boris Rotenberg Sr. was chairman until he resigned on 17 July 2015 . On 29 December 2016 , Dynamo Sports Society agreed to buy VTB Bank shares back for 1 ruble . Dynamo 's traditional colours are blue and white . Their crest consists of a blue letter `` D , '' written in a traditional cursive style on a white background , with `` Moscow '' written below it , partially covering a football underneath . The club 's motto is `` Power in Motion , '' initially proposed by Maxim Gorky , the famous Russian author , who was once an active member of the Dynamo sports society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ba49969752707fb22bdabd4c0c983b7", "text": "Domodedovo (town) Domodedovo ( -LSB- Домодедово , p =d əmɐˈdʲɛdəvə -RSB- ) is a town in Moscow Oblast , Russia , located 37 km south of Moscow . Population : The increase of population is due to the merger of three neighboring inhabited localities into the town in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe6256ce025d696076e68d03125a6a06", "text": "Tsaritsyno Tsaritsyno may refer to : Tsaritsyno District , a district in Southern Administrative Okrug of Moscow , Russia Tsaritsyno ( Moscow Metro ) , a station of the Moscow Metro , Russia Tsaritsyno Park , a park in Moscow", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3dfc6bfef54366b316c9c84709804f5", "text": "Administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast This is a list of the administrative and municipal divisions of Moscow Oblast , a federal subject of Russia . Moscow Oblast is located in the Central Federal District of Russia , and completely surrounds Moscow , the capital of Russia . While Moscow hosts the majority of the government bodies of the oblast , it does not officially serve as the oblast 's administrative center and is not otherwise associated with the oblast either administratively or municipally . The oblast is , as are other Russian federal subjects , subdivided for the purposes of the state administration and for the purposes of the local self-government , the rights to which are guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia . While the administrative and municipal divisions are not required by law to be identical , the system of municipal divisions in Moscow Oblast , having been created on the basis of existing administrative divisions , has only minor differences from the system of administrative divisions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a547c9242b0df88446c869caa156d3aa", "text": "Leninsky District, Moscow Oblast Leninsky District is an administrative and municipal district ( raion ) , one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast , Russia . It is located in the center of the oblast just south of the federal city of Moscow . The area of the district is 202.83 km2 . Its administrative center is the town of Vidnoye . Population : 145,251 ( 2002 Census ) ; The population of Vidnoye accounts for 33.0 % of the district 's total population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf07cd747d2f9c71be44f98e3dea42c3", "text": "Podolsk Podolsk ( -LSB- Подольск , p =p ɐˈdolʲsk -RSB- ) is an industrial city , center of Podolsk Urban Okrug , Moscow Oblast , Russia , located on the Pakhra River ( a tributary of the Moskva River ) . Population : 187,961 ( 2010 Census ) ; 180,963 ( 2002 Census ) ; 209,178 ( 1989 Census ) ; 183,000 ( 1974 ) ; 129,000 ( 1959 ) ; 72,000 ( 1939 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d784bba3597aca339f952036cfcc0c5e", "text": "List of museums in Moscow This is a list of museums in Moscow , the capital city of Russia ART4.RU Contemporary Art Museum Bulgakov Museum in Moscow Cathedral of the Annunciation Central Armed Forces Museum Church of the Deposition of the Robe Church of the Twelve Apostles Diamond Fund Fersman Mineralogical Museum Galeyev Gallery Institute of Russian Realist Art Ivan the Great Bell Tower Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center Kremlin Armoury Kremlin Arsenal Kuskovo Lumiere Brothers Center for Photography The Lumiere Brothers Photogallery Memorial Museum of Astronautics Moscow Cat Museum Moscow Design Museum Moscow House of Photography Moscow Museum of Modern Art Moscow Paleontological Museum Multimedia Art Museum , Moscow Museum of Calligraphy Museum of History of Moscow Museum of the Great Patriotic War , Moscow Museum of the Moscow Railway National Centre for Contemporary Arts Ostankino Palace Poklonnaya Hill Polytechnical Museum Pushkin Museum RKK Energiya museum Rumyantsev Museum Russian State Library Ryabushinsky Museum of Icons and Paintings Shchusev State Museum of Architecture State Historical Museum Tagansky Protected Command Point Tretyakov Gallery Tsaritsyno Park Vernadsky State Geological Museum Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki Zoological Museum of Moscow University", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a67929482b83d007c686e2f7e138fef7", "text": "Terem Palace Terem Palace or Teremnoy Palace is a historical building in the Moscow Kremlin , Russia , which used to be the main residence of the Russian tsars in the 17th century . Its name is derived from the Greek word τερεμνον ( i.e. , `` dwelling '' ) . Currently , the structure is not accessible to the public , as it belongs to the official residence of the President of Russia . On the 16th century Aloisio da Milano constructed the first royal palace on the spot . Only the ground floor survives from that structure , as the first Romanov tsar , Mikhail Feodorovich , had the palace completely rebuilt in 1635 -- 36 . The new structure was surrounded by numerous annexes and outbuildings , including the Boyar Platform , Golden Staircase , Golden Porch , and several turrets . On Mikhail 's behest , the adjoining Golden Tsaritsa 's Chamber constructed back in the 1560s for Ivan IV 's wife , was surmounted with 11 golden domes of the Upper Saviour Cathedral . The complex of the palace also incorporates several churches of earlier construction , including the Church of the Virgin 's Nativity from the 1360s . The palace consists of five stories . The third story was occupied by the tsaritsa and her children ; the fourth one contained the private apartments of the tsar . The upper story is a tent-like structure where the Boyar Duma convened . The exterior , exuberantly decorated with brick tracery and colored tiles , is brilliantly painted in red , yellow , and orange . The interior used to be painted as well , but the original murals were destroyed by successive fires , particularly the great fire of 1812 . In 1837 , the interiors were renovated in accordance with old drawings in the Russian Revival style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdddbcd39a1d9767895b3c705e5ab645", "text": "Main building of Moscow State University The Main building of Moscow State University ( in Russian Гла́вное зда́ние МГУ ) , designed by Lev Rudnev , is the highest of seven Stalinist skyscrapers of Moscow . It is utilized since its inauguration as headquarters of the Lomonosov Moscow State University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e50f363da46b27bb473972a94185b4d", "text": "Government of Russia The Government of the Russia ( exercises executive power in the Russian Federation . The members of the government are the Prime Minister , the deputy prime ministers , and the federal ministers . It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law `` On the Government the Russian Federation '' . According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 Russian Constitution , the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia . According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia , the President is not a part of the Government of Russia , which exercises executive power . But , the President does appoint the Prime Minister . The Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Russia says , that `` The Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation ( Prime Minister ) , Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "385fffaec4428d5097a9bb2e40a4f73c", "text": "Governor (Russia) The highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation or the holder of the highest office of subject of the Russian Federation or the head of the highest executive body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation , colloquially and collectively referred to as the title governor ( губернатор - gubernator ) or head of region ( глава региона - glava regiona ) , is the head and the chief executive of each the federal subjects of Russia , not directly subordinate to the federal authorities , but the political and ceremonial head of the federal subject , all of which are equal constituent entities of Russia . The office is defined by the Constitution of Russia and Chapters 1 , 3 and 4 of Russia 's Federal Law No. 184-FZ `` On the General Principles of the Organization Of the Legislative ( Representative ) and Executive Organs Of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation '' which came into force in 1999 . According to the current revision of the Russian Constitution , the Russian Federation consists of 85 federal subjects therefore there are 85 offices of head of region in Russia ( see List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia ) . The certain title of office is defined by the federal subject 's Constitution or Charter . The names include : governor , president ( президент - president ) , head of administration ( глава администрации - glava administratsii ) , head of republic ( глава республики - glava respubliki ) , mayor ( мэр - mer ) , non-officially and collectively referred to as governors for short . The official title governor is most used in Russia and traditionally it is used in Oblasts of Russia . Presidents of Russia 's republics , mayor of Moscow and mayor of St. Petersburg are also governors in this sense . A head of the subject in Russia is said to serve a administration or executive office , colloquially referred to as gubernatorial administration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8568d4ae8aef447da278d8dbdcc538ea", "text": "Dynamo Sports Palace Dvorec Sporta Dinamo ( Дворец спорта `` Динамо '' Dynamo Palace of Sports ) is an indoor sporting arena located in Moscow , Russia . The capacity of the arena is 5,000 . It hosted the home games of MBC Dynamo Moscow until 2006 . It was built during the preparations for the 1980 Summer Olympics , hosted by Moscow , USSR and was used as a venue of the handball tournament there . It was the home venue of Dynamo Moscow basketball team until 2006 . The Dynamo Moscow volleyball team currently play their home matches here", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d10c9ce2af0f845caa96d059dabdf737", "text": "Taldom Taldom is a town and the administrative center of Taldomsky District in Moscow Oblast , Russia , located 110 km north of Moscow , on a suburban railway connecting Moscow to Savyolovo . Population :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdf7220418ad1491c82ae7cd37ce6089", "text": "Moscow Business School Moscow Business School -- an international business school , subdivision Moscow Technological Institute . The central campus is situated in Moscow . Foreign representative offices are situated in Vladivostok , Khabarovsk , Krasnoyarsk , Novosibirsk , Tashkent , Almaty , Astana , Karaganda , Ekaterinburg , Kazan , Ufa , Samara , Volgograd , Rostov-na-Donu , Krasnodar , Kiev , Sankt-Peterburg , Arkhangelsk , Murmansk , Prague , Sophia-Antipolis and Ho Chi Minh City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7757e7ba8b3c50977f3df716a11eef8c", "text": "Sokol District Sokol District is an administrative district ( raion ) , one of the sixteen in Northern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow , Russia . As of the 2010 Census , the total population of the district was 57,133 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "447fac80aca69bf8b888152005e1e7d0", "text": "Volga Upland The Volga Upland , also known as the Volga Uplands , Volga Plateau , Volga Hills , or Volga Plateau , ( Russian : Приволжская возвышенность - Privolzhskaya vozvyshennost ) is a vast region of East European Plain in European part of Russia that lies west of the Volga River and east of the Central Russian Upland . The uplands run for approximately 500 miles ( 804 km ) in a southwest-northeasterly direction from Volgograd to Kazan . The Tsimlyansk Reservoir lies at the southwestern end of the Volga Upland , with the Kuybyshev Reservoir at the northeastern end . The landscape on the Volga Uplands is hilly , and several rivers has cut into it , such as the Khopyor , Medveditsa and the Sura . The Volga-Don Canal cuts through the lowlands between the Volga Uplands to the north and the adjacent Yergeni Hills to the south . The uplands lie in the cool continental climate zone , characterised by large fluctuations in seasonal temperatures and generally little rainfall . Outside of the cities in the region , population density is generally between 28 and 129 inhabitants per square mile . The Volga Uplands themselves is rather sparsely populated , but along its edges and in particular along the banks of the Volga there are several large cities , such as ( from north to south ) Kazan , Ulyanovsk , Saransk , Penza , Syzran , Saratov and Volgograd .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5d2e5fbb82836d710771c1b713cc7fb4	Naruto is a Japanese manga series.	[ { "docid": "6fb8aaa0350ea74077f4c6f1f304b772", "text": "Naruto is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto . It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki , an adolescent ninja who searches for recognition and dreams of becoming the Hokage , the leader of his village . The story divided into two parts , the first set in Naruto 's preteen years , and the second in his teens . The series is based on two one-shot manga by Kishimoto . The first one , titled Karakuri , released in 1995 by Shueisha , earned Kishimoto an honorable mention in Shueisha 's monthly Hop Step Award in 1996 . The second one , titled Naruto , published in the summer 1997 issue of Akamaru Jump . Naruto was serialized in Shueisha 's Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine from September 21 , 1999 , to November 10 , 2014 . Seventy-two tankōbon volumes were released . It currently is the third best-selling manga series in history , selling more than 220 million copies worldwide . The manga later adapted into an anime television produced by Studio Pierrot and Aniplex . It premiered across Japan on the terrestrial TV Tokyo and other TX Network stations on October 3 , 2002 , and ended on February 8 , 2007 , with 220 episodes . The English adaptation of the series premiered on Cartoon Network 's programming block named Toonami on September 10 , 2005 , and concluded on January 31 , 2009 . Naruto : Shippuden , a sequel to the original series , aired from February 15 , 2007 , to March 23 , 2017 , with 500 episodes . The English adaptation was broadcast on Disney XD from October 28 , 2009 , to November 5 , 2011 , and on Adult Swim 's Toonami block in January 2014 . Besides the anime series , Studio Pierrot has developed eleven movies and several original video animations ( OVAs ) . Other types of merchandise include light novels , video games , and trading cards developed by several companies . Viz Media has licensed the manga and anime for North American production . Viz serialized Naruto in their digital Weekly Shonen Jump magazine , publishing the individual volumes . The anime series began airing in the United States and Canada in 2005 , and in the United Kingdom and Australia in 2006 and 2007 , respectively . The films and most OVAs from the series were also released by Viz , with the first film premiering in movie theaters . Viz Media began streaming the two anime series on their streaming service Neon Alley in December 2012 . The story of Naruto continues with Naruto 's son , Boruto Uzumaki , in Boruto : Naruto Next Generations . Boruto wishes to create his own ninja way instead of following his father 's .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7e0c14c20c863067f8fe155552bbb099", "text": "House of Five Leaves is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Natsume Ono and serialized in Shogakukan 's seinen magazine Ikki . The series began in 2006 , and has been collected into 8 volumes by publisher Shogakukan . The manga was licensed for distribution in North America by Viz Media . The manga series was adapted into a twelve-episode anime television series by Manglobe . The anime aired in the noitamina timeslot on FujiTV . The anime has been licensed by Funimation as a part of their deal with Fuji TV that allows them to simulcast series from the noitaminA block . This agreement allows Funimation to show the anime on their website at the same time it airs in Japan , and then at later times on the same day on both Hulu and YouTube . NIS America has licensed the series for DVD release in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "160437e753db060e7762677200cd0e57", "text": "Naruto Shippuden the Movie: The Will of Fire , the sixth Naruto film overall and the third Naruto : Shippūden film , takes as its basis the popular anime and manga series . Released on August 1 , 2009 in theaters in Japan ( Maramusa Notari planned to release a DVD on April 21 , 2010 ) , it uses the advertising tagline . The Naruto 10th Anniversary site unveiled the film and the teaser was shown along with the preview of The Three-Tails Arrival anime arc . The official website of the Naruto : Shippūden anime has put up the promotional video of the film . It was released in North America on October 23 , 2012 by Viz Media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "997c38d193996067690814c61115c41a", "text": "Weekly Shonen Jump (magazine) Weekly Shonen Jump is a digital shōnen manga anthology published in North America by Viz Media , and the successor to their monthly print anthology Shonen Jump . It began serialization on January 30 , 2012 as Weekly Shonen Jump Alpha ( officially stylized as Weekly SHONEN JUMP αlpha or Weekly SHONEN JUMP Alpha ) , with two free preview issues released in the buildup to its launch . Based on Shueisha 's popular Japanese magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump , Weekly Shonen Jump is an attempt to provide English readers with easily accessible , affordable , and officially licensed editions of the latest installments of popular Shōnen Jump manga soon after their release in Japan , as an alternative to popular bootleg scanlation services . The anthology launched with a lineup of six titles , with new issues published online two weeks after the equivalent Japanese release . The magazine currently features twelve ongoing titles , including installments of monthly series from Weekly Shōnen Jump 's sister publications , Weekly Young Jump , Jump SQ , V Jump , and Young Jump Web Comics . At New York Comic-Con 2012 it was announced that the magazine would transition to simultaneous publication with Japan beginning with the January 21 , 2013 issue , with more new series to be added to the lineup . The magazine was renamed Weekly Shonen Jump starting on January 21 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50fa173e9658edf145b7b1d5494abb41", "text": "List of Ranma ½ episodes is a Japanese anime series adapted from the manga of the same name by Rumiko Takahashi . It was created by Studio Deen and aired weekly between April 15 , 1989 and September 16 , 1989 on Fuji TV before being canceled after 18 episodes due to low ratings . Shortly after , the series was reworked by most of the same staff , retitled and launched in a different time slot , running between October 20 , 1989 and September 25 , 1992 for 143 episodes . Three movies were produced , The Battle of Nekonron , China ! A Battle to Defy the Rules ! on November 2 , 1991 ; Battle at Togenkyo ! Get Back the Brides on August 1 , 1992 ; and Super Indiscriminate Decisive Battle ! Team Ranma vs. the Legendary Phoenix on August 20 , 1994 . The first two movies are feature length , but the third was originally aired in theaters with two other movies : Ghost Sweeper Mikami and Heisei Dog Stories : Bow . Following the ending of the TV series , 12 OVA episodes were released directly to home video , the earliest on December 7 , 1993 and the twelfth on October 20 , 2010 . In celebration of Rumiko Takahashi 's 35th anniversary as a manga artist , the TV series was released on Blu-ray for the first time in three box sets between May 24 , 2013 and January 24 , 2014 . Viz Media licensed both anime , the films and the first 11 OVAs for English dubs in North America . They labeled both anime as one series and first released it on subtitled and dubbed VHS , later combining it into seven DVD collections they call `` seasons '' . Besides changing the ordering of many of the anime episodes , Viz also added the third film to their set of the OVAs . They began re-releasing the show on Blu-ray and DVD in 2014 . Madman Entertainment released part of the anime series and the first two movies in Australasia , before their license expired , and MVM Films released the first two movies in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc7f5258faff2f4de68d66653e59bf45", "text": "Jump Square is a Japanese monthly shōnen manga magazine . Published by Shueisha , the magazine premiered on November 2 , 2007 as a replacement for Monthly Shōnen Jump , another manga anthology that Shueisha discontinued in June of that year . The magazine is a part of the Jump line of magazines . The manga titles serialized in the magazine are also published in tankōbon volumes under the Jump Comics label . The manga series within the magazine target young male readers and tend to be set in a fantasy setting with a large amount of action scenes . Like most monthly shonen manga magazines , Jump Square is aimed at ages 16 to 21 . The current ( 2015 ) editor-in-chief is Kôsuke Yahagi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6206f6d3702436ca3798b04506ada37", "text": "Ninpen Manmaru is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Mikio Igarashi . It was serialized in the Enix magazine Monthly Shōnen Gangan from 1995 to 1999 . A 48-episode anime adaptation was produced by Shin-Ei Animation , directed by Tetsuo Yasumi , and broadcast on TV Asahi between July 5 , 1997 and March 28 , 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3986cf07d84dcef616358ab56738c03", "text": "Makoto Ogino is a Japanese manga artist . His best-known work is the manga series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d8ef1f5277400c541457281f8f90dae", "text": "Jiraiya (Naruto) is a fictional character in the Naruto anime and manga series created by Masashi Kishimoto . Introduced in the first half of the series , he was a student of Hiruzen Sarutobi and one of the `` Legendary Sannin '' ; along with Orochimaru and Lady Tsunade . Jiraiya appears as a perverted old man who occasionally returns to the village , reporting the activities of Orochimaru and Akatsuki . Referred to as the `` Toad Sage '' and `` Pervy Sage '' , he mentored Minato Namikaze , the Fourth Hokage , and later became a godfather to Minato 's son Naruto . Jiraiya is a playable character in most of the video games from the series and various merchandises have been released based on him . The character received positive reception and is considered to be one of the strongest in the series ; critics praised Jiraiya 's introduction in the series as well as his relation with Naruto as his mentor . Of all the student-teacher relationships in Naruto , Jiraiya and Naruto 's is the one Kishimoto likes the most .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ea31756ab22f53a4ccc85fd8b70d8cf", "text": "Musashino-sen no Shimai is a Japanese web manga series illustrated and written by Yukiwo that has been digitally serialized in three different magazines , since June 2008 , and the manga is still ongoing . Ranko and Hikaru , the main characters and sisters in Musashino-sen no Shimai , are voiced in the '' + Voice '' versions of the manga . The story focuses on the everyday life of the two unemployed sisters living in Tokyo who love Lolita fashion . A live-action film based on the series has been released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c866c0cef1f577cda643e0e028023b3", "text": "Dragon Quest: Dai no Daibōken , is a Japanese manga based in the video game series Dragon Quest . It was originally created as a two-chapter short story titled `` Derupa ! Iruiru ! '' . Its subsequent success led to the three-chapter sequel `` Dai Bakuhatsu !!! '' ( Dai Explodes !!! ) , and later the serialization of Dai no Daibōken in Shueisha 's Weekly Shōnen Jump . The manga later spawned an anime series , the second one based on the Dragon Quest franchise after Dragon Quest . Dragon Quest : Dai no Daibōken is one of the Weekly Shōnen Jumps best-selling manga series of all time , with roughly 40 million copies sold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d92e633ee77cd59a5d37bd59b9dd7d74", "text": "List of Nabari no Ou episodes The episodes of the 2008 Japanese anime series are directed by Kunihisa Sugishima and animated by J.C.Staff . The anime is an adaptation of Yuhki Kamatani 's Nabari no Ou manga , which was first serialized in the Japanese shōnen manga magazine Monthly GFantasy in 2004 . The story revolves around Rokujo Miharu , a 14-year-old student who unknowingly possesses a powerful hijutsu within him , and his introduction into the hidden ninja world of Nabari upon his power 's activation . It first began airing on Japan 's terrestrial television network TV Tokyo on April 6 , 2008 ; airing on Sundays from 01:30 to 02:00 ( JST ) . It also aired on other Japanese networks such as TV Aichi and TV Osaka , though it aired first on TV Tokyo . It contains a total of twenty-six episodes . On August 19 , 2008 Funimation , on the behalf of d-rights , sent cease and desist orders to the fansub groups who were subtitling the series , to prevent copyright infringement . On December 25 , 2008 , Funimation announced they licensed the series for an English language release . Three pieces of theme music are used for the episodes : one opening theme and two ending themes . The opening theme is `` Crawl '' , performed and arranged by Veltpunch , with the lyrics and composition by Hidenori Naganuma . The ending theme up to the sixteenth episode is `` Hikari '' by Elisa , with lyrics by Emi Nishida . From the sixteenth episode to the end , by Anamu & Maki is used . Veltpunch and Elisa released the singles for `` Crawl '' and `` Hikari '' on May 21 , 2008 and Anamu & Maki released the single for `` Aru ga Mama '' on September 3 , 2008 . Nine DVD compilations of the series , all containing three episodes except for the first compilation ( two episodes ) , have been released by Geneon Entertainment between July 25 , 2008 and March 25 , 2009 . Funimation released the English language adaption of the anime series in two DVD sets . The first was released on September 22 , 2009 , and the second on November 24 of the same year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c131e6b21d8ac97a74e01b57e61ebb60", "text": "The Last: Naruto the Movie The Last : Naruto the Movie is a 2014 Japanese animated film based on Masashi Kishimoto 's manga and anime series . It is the first entry in the , and the first to be an official part of the canon storyline set between chapter 699 and 700 for the manga series . The film premiered on 6 December 2014 and became the highest-grossing film in the franchise , before being surpassed by its sequel Boruto : Naruto the Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2826987e7a4307a3e5c7b80d9070c9dd", "text": "Shōnen manga is manga aimed at a young male audience . The age group varies with individual readers and different magazines , but it is primarily intended for boys between the ages of 8 to 18 . The kanji characters literally mean `` boy '' ( or `` youth '' ) , and the characters mean `` cartoon '' or `` comic '' . Thus , the complete phrase means `` young person 's comic '' , or simply `` boys ' comic '' ; its female equivalent is shōjo manga . Shōnen manga is the most popular form of manga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61498b475d60a3ce20f48134a3db9086", "text": "List of Soul Eater chapters Soul Eater is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Atsushi Okubo . The series follows the adventures of three students at a school called the Death Weapon Meister Academy ( or DWMA for short ) , known as meisters , who use demon weapon companions with human and weapon forms . These meisters , Maka Albarn , Black Star , and Death the Kid , seek to turn their weapons , Soul Eater , Tsubaki , and the Thompson sisters respectively , into `` death scythes '' for Lord Death , the Grim Reaper and head of the DWMA , by having their weapons consume the souls of 99 evil humans and one witch . The manga initially began as three separate one-shots serialized between June 24 , 2003 and November 26 , 2003 in two manga magazines published by Square Enix . The first one-shot was published in the summer 2003 special edition of Gangan Powered , the second following in the autumn 2003 special edition of the same magazine , and the third serialized in Gangan Wing . The manga started regular serialization in Square Enix 's Monthly Shōnen Gangan magazine on May 12 , 2004 . The first tankōbon was released by Square Enix under their Gangan Comics imprint on June 22 , 2004 in Japan ; as of December 12 , 2013 , 25 volumes have been released . The series is published in English by Yen Press , and is serialized in Yen Press ' Yen Plus manga anthology magazine . The first issue of Yen Plus was released on July 29 , 2008 . An anime adaptation of the manga , produced by Bones and Aniplex , aired on TV Tokyo between April 7 , 2008 and March 30 , 2009 and contained 51 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61095354c73292d1f56d2bcf0794f16e", "text": "Weekly Shōnen Jump is a weekly shōnen manga anthology published in Japan by Shueisha under the Jump line of magazines . It is the best-selling manga magazine , as well as one of the longest-running ; the first issue was released with a cover date of August 1 , 1968 . The manga series within the magazine target young male readers and tend to consist of a large number of action scenes and a fair amount of comedy . The chapters of series that run in Weekly Shōnen Jump are collected and published in tankōbon volumes under the `` Jump Comics '' imprint every two to three months . The mid-1980s to the mid-1990s represents the era when the magazine 's circulation was at its highest ( 6.53 million ) . However , since then it has experienced a drastic decline and had a circulation of 1.9 million copies in early-2017 . Weekly Shōnen Jump has two sister magazines called Jump SQ , created after the fall of Monthly Shōnen Jump , and Saikyō Jump . The magazine has also had several international counterparts , including the current North American Weekly Shonen Jump .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2e025d6b07331180104716df5b7bda5", "text": "List of Hikaru no Go chapters is a coming of age story manga , based on the board game Go , written by Yumi Hotta and illustrated by Takeshi Obata . The series was published Shueisha in its Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine from 1998 to 2003 and the 189 serialized chapters were collected in 23 tankōbon volumes . The series has been adapted by Studio Pierrot as a 75-episode anime television series , with a broadcast between 2001 and 2003 on TV Tokyo . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2e3e3f027bf990ad51e3f00d5d8cbc4", "text": "Weekly Shōnen Sunday is a weekly shōnen manga magazine published in Japan by Shogakukan since March 1959 . Contrary to its title , Weekly Shōnen Sunday issues are released on Wednesdays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5c55f8d41402762598f59c1499ef9c2", "text": "Arigatō (manga) is a manga by Naoki Yamamoto . It was adapted into a live-action film directed by Masaaki Odagiri in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed02710324ca82aee8de8ecbc850c39a", "text": "MazinSaga is a Japanese manga created by Go Nagai . It has a rare publishing history : it was originally serialized from January 1 , 1990 to April 2 , 1992 by Shueisha ( with 3 tankōbon ) and later resumed with a 6th volume in a new manga compilation by Fusosha ( with 6 tankōbon in total ) . The series is currently unfinished but it is expected that Nagai will resume it in the future . The manga is considered a combination of Mazinger with Devilman because of the complexity of its plot and thematic . While this Mazinger is actually more an armored warrior instead of a giant super robot , it is also considered part of the Mazinger saga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85f89bab03c6fb2b46f912f857767eee", "text": "Vagabond (manga) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Takehiko Inoue . It portrays a fictionalized account of the life of Japanese swordsman Miyamoto Musashi , based on Eiji Yoshikawa 's novel Musashi . It has been serialized in Weekly Morning magazine since 1998 , with the chapters collected into 37 tankōbon volumes by Kodansha as of July 2014 . Viz Media licensed the series for English release in North America and has published 37 volumes as of April 2015 . Vagabond won a 2000 Kodansha Manga Award and the 2002 Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize , and has sold more than 82 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2e0776dc13545286a9ef1274811352a1	Las Vegas is in Clark County.	[ { "docid": "9a6d1ca7ada5d77196d6aa778d470dc6", "text": "Las Vegas Las Vegas ( -LSB- lɑːs_ˈveɪɡəs -RSB- , Spanish for `` The Meadows '' ) , officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas , is the 28th-most populated city in the United States , the most populated city in the state of Nevada , and the county seat of Clark County . The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert . Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling , shopping , fine dining , entertainment , and nightlife . It is the leading financial , commercial , and cultural center for Nevada . The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World , and is famous for its mega casino -- hotels and associated activities . It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry , claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world . Today , Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world 's most visited tourist destinations . The city 's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City , and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature , films , television programs , and music videos . Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911 . At the close of the 20th century , it was the most populated American city founded within that century ( a similar distinction earned by Chicago in the 1800s ) . Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s , and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled , increasing by 85.2 % . Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century , and according to a 2013 estimate , the population is 603,488 with a regional population of 2,027,828 . `` Las Vegas '' is often used to describe areas beyond official city limits -- especially the areas on and near the Las Vegas Strip , which is actually located within the unincorporated communities of Paradise , Winchester , and Enterprise .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "23f09a5eae46373fa954b403042c1368", "text": "Clark, California Clark is a former settlement in Inyo County , California . It was located just south of Furnace , near the Funeral Mountains in Death Valley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2561535e3364bf58ebcb52903d9b2273", "text": "Dayton, Nevada Dayton is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Lyon County , Nevada , United States . The population was 8,964 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f2e7e1c25a3f1220077d712ae19d8c3", "text": "Clark County Shooting Complex The Clark County Shooting Complex , located on the northern outskirts of Las Vegas , Nevada , is the largest shooting facility in the United States . The 2900 acre park is being built in stages by Clark County , Nevada . At full build out is anticipated that only 900 acre will be developed with the rest of the site serving as a buffer for the surrounding community . The park is located at the northern end of Decatur Blvd in unincorporated Clark County , just north of the City of Las Vegas boundary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b696964d2c158fe8b0a86b6f097b1ab", "text": "Clarksburg AVA The Clarksburg AVA is an American Viticultural Area that spans three counties in California 's Sacramento Valley . Located in portions of Sacramento County , Solano County , and Yolo County , the Clarksburg AVA includes 64640 acre near the town of Clarksburg . The growing region has dense clay and loam soils . Fog and cool breezes from San Francisco Bay keep the Clarksburg area cooler than nearby Sacramento . 90 % of the grapes grown in the Clarksburg AVA are crushed in winery facilities located elsewhere in California , and relatively few wines are released with the Clarksburg AVA on their labels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5560a1e4beddd2171d3530e565587bf0", "text": "Nevada Appeal The Nevada Appeal is a daily newspaper published in Carson City , Nevada , by Swift Communications . It is the state 's third-largest paper , behind the Las Vegas Review-Journal and Reno Gazette-Journal . The paper is available in six regional editions across northern Nevada and eastern California : Lahontan Valley News ( Fallon , Nevada ) Fallon Eagle Standard ( Fallon , Nevada ) Record-Courier ( Gardnerville , Nevada ) Sierra Sun ( Truckee , California ) North Lake Tahoe Bonanza ( Incline Village , Nevada ) Tahoe Daily Tribune ( South Lake Tahoe , California )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b68841a2a3b1f6e1777b3704e59c5fea", "text": "Swallow Bay Swallow Bay is a bay within Boulder Basin in Lake Mead in Clark County , Nevada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "111970245c66e2d33668f0c6420d8662", "text": "Nevada Senate The Nevada Senate is the upper house of the Nevada Legislature , the state legislature of U.S. state of Nevada . The Senate currently ( 2012-2021 ) consists of 21 members from single-member districts . In the previous redistricting ( 2002-2011 ) there were 19 districts , two of which were multimember . Since 2012 , there have been 21 districts , each formed by combining two neighboring Assembly districts . Each senator represented approximately 128,598 as of the 2010 census . Article Four of The Nevada Constitution sets that Senators serve staggered four-year terms . In addition , the size of the Senate is set to be no less than one-third and no greater than one-half of the size of the Assembly . Term limits , limiting senators to three 4-year terms ( 12 years ) , took effect in 2010 . Because of the change in Constitution , seven senators were termed out in 2010 , four were termed out in 2012 , and one is to be termed out in 2014 . The Senate met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971 , when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol . The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Legislature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b846efe07ca891bc0e13b56aab39ea45", "text": "Nevada State Museum, Las Vegas The Nevada State Museum , Las Vegas located at the Springs Preserve , in Las Vegas , Nevada is one of 6 Nevada State Museums operated by the Nevada Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs . The name was changed from the Nevada State Museum and Historical Society in 2008 when the museum moved from Lorenzi Park in Las Vegas to the Springs Preserve . The museum houses items from the development of Las Vegas as well as the natural history of the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ad1f81997a68077bd809931a0728f0f", "text": "John S. Park Historic District John S. Park Historic District , composed of the Park Place Addition and Vega Verde subdivisions , is in Las Vegas , Clark County , Nevada . The historic district is named for John S. Park who arrived in Las Vegas in 1907 . It was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places in 2003 . The neighborhood was named by the American Planning Association as one of the 10 best neighborhood in the United States for 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba3b80f036ddb2cfd744cd3aec670d74", "text": "Symphony Park Symphony Park is a 61-acre site situated in downtown Las Vegas . The downtown area is located just a few miles north of the Las Vegas Strip and centrally within the Las Vegas Valley . Once housing a Union Pacific rail yard , Symphony Park currently is being master developed for mixed-use by the city of Las Vegas , which is also the landowner . Symphony Park is home to the Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health , Smith Center for the Performing Arts and the Discovery Children 's Museum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "767f69b185b5f2962844f784165835f4", "text": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas The city of Las Vegas , Nevada and its surrounding unincorporated communities in the Las Vegas Valley are the sites of more than 160 high-rises , 42 of which stand taller than 400 ft. The tallest structure in the city is the Stratosphere Tower , which rises 1149 ft just north of the Las Vegas Strip . The tower is also the tallest observation tower in the United States . Since the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable , however , it is not considered a building . The tallest building in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which rises 735 ft and was topped out in November 2008 . This building , however , is currently on hold . The tallest completed building in the city is the 52-story Palazzo , which rises 642 ft and was completed in 2007 . The history of skyscrapers in Las Vegas began with the 1954 completion of the Castaways Hotel and Casino in Downtown Las Vegas ; the 216 ft structure stood as the tallest building in the city until 1961 , and was demolished in 2006 . Beginning with the completion of the Diamond of the Dunes Tower in 1961 , high-rise hotels began to become more concentrated on the Las Vegas Strip . The first high-rise hotel and casino resort to rise higher than 492 ft was the 529 ft New York-New York Hotel & Casino , completed in 1997 . Las Vegas entered into a skyscraper-building boom in the late 1990s that has continued to the present ; of the city 's 40 tallest skyscrapers , 39 were completed after 1997 . As of 2012 , the skyline of Las Vegas is ranked 66th in the world and 18th in the United States with 176 completed high-rises . In what is being dubbed a `` Manhattanization wave '' , there are over 30 skyscrapers that are proposed , approved or under construction in the city that are planned to rise over 400 ft in height . The tallest building approved for the city is the World Jewelry Center , which is planned for construction in Downtown Las Vegas . The 815 ft tower is part of a proposal to construct a hub for the world 's jewelry industry , across from World Market Center Las Vegas . The tallest building under construction in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which has also been the tallest building in the city since its topping out in November 2008 ; construction on the building was suspended in mid-2009 and is currently on hold under owner Carl Icahn . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a5750746d8feacf8089f6baab1320f9", "text": "Springs Preserve Las Vegas Springs Preserve consists of 180 acre dedicated to nature walks and displays and is owned and operated by the Las Vegas Valley Water District . The Preserve is located approximately three miles west of downtown Las Vegas , Nevada . The Preserve is built around the original water source for Las Vegas , the Las Vegas Springs . The Springs Preserve includes colorful desert botanical gardens , museum galleries , outdoor concert and event venues , an indoor theater , historic photo gallery and a series of walking trails that meander through a wetland habitat . The Gardens at the Las Vegas Springs Preserve , previously known as the Desert Demonstration Gardens opened in 1980 at another location . The gardens now occupy 8 acre within the Springs Preserve site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56af532e799d9155fd5cfbfb64ceeb29", "text": "Las Vegas Springs The Las Vegas Springs or Big Springs is the site of a natural oasis , known traditionally as a cienega . For more than 15,000 years , springs broke through the desert floor , creating grassy meadows ( called las vegas by Mexican explorers ) . The bubbling springs were a source of water for Native Americans living here at least 5,000 years ago . Known as The Birthplace of Las Vegas it sustained travelers of the Old Spanish Trail and Mormons who came to settle the West . The springs ' source is the Las Vegas Aquifer . The springs are now a part of the Las Vegas Springs Preserve . Las Vegas Springs was once the site of three springs , running into two large pools of water . It is a site historically known for a gathering of pioneers and Native Americans and early settlers in the Las Vegas Valley . In 1905 , it provided water source to the budding town and railroad . Once pipe lines were laid and wells were drilled , the surface water receded , making it the way it is today . The site is currently undergoing rehabilitation to protect what remains architecturally and archaeologically . Now , it is 180 acres of historic land located just west of Downtown Las Vegas . It is open to the public and more information can be found here : http://www.springspreserve.org/", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be7d94e692700772d3f7a19c31fe7b79", "text": "La Madre Mountain Wilderness La Madre Mountain Wilderness Area consists of 47180 acre covering a part of Clark County , Nevada , that lies just west of the city of Las Vegas , between that city and Mount Charleston . The area includes La Madre Mountain and several archaeological areas including the Brownstone Canyon Archaeological District . The area is administered by the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest and the Bureau of Land Management .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcbd9885fa7bf284c52f5d6446802a8a", "text": "Paradise Valley, Nevada Paradise Valley is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Humboldt County , Nevada , United States , near the Santa Rosa Ranger District of Humboldt National Forest . It is located at the northern terminus of Nevada State Route 290 , about 19 mi northeast of U.S. Highway 95 and a total of 40 mi north of Winnemucca . The town is located in a broad valley , with the Santa Rosa Range of mountains just to the northwest . At the 2010 census , the population of the CDP was 109 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e813d55a5b6c2a58aed0bcfe852538", "text": "Northern Arizona Northern Arizona is an unofficial , colloquially-defined region of the U.S. state of Arizona . Generally consisting of Coconino County , Yavapai County , Navajo County , and Apache County , it is geographically dominated by the Colorado Plateau , the southern border of which in Arizona is called the Mogollon Rim . Mohave County , located in the northwest of the state , may or may not be considered part of Northern Arizona , depending on local opinions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4c7fcfc4a28a3d04ba8dd4855c10da8", "text": "Nevada State Route 739 State Route 739 ( SR 739 ) was a short state highway in Clark County , Nevada that provided access to the town of Sloan south of the Las Vegas Valley . The route is no longer a state highway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e9a36059c1db5c89b8c5462df134453", "text": "Downtown Grand The Downtown Grand Las Vegas , formerly the Lady Luck Hotel & Casino , is a hotel and casino in Downtown Las Vegas , Nevada , owned by the CIM Group and operated by Fifth Street Gaming . The Downtown Grand is the centerpiece of Downtown3rd , a new neighborhood and entertainment district under development in downtown Las Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05377b1487f948e748a5ff5068aa2ef6", "text": "Nevada Power Company Nevada Power Company was a Las Vegas-based company that produced , distributed , and sold electricity in the southern part of the state of Nevada . In 2005 , it had over 700,000 electric customers in parts of three Nevada counties -- a service area of more than 4000 sqmi . In 1998 , Nevada Power merged with Nevada 's other major utility , Sierra Pacific Resources . It continued as a subsidiary of Sierra Pacific until 2005 , when the company changed its name to NV Energy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b8353df6fd255ed36dfdd1f34e0a0b8", "text": "Seal of Nevada The Great Seal of the State of Nevada is derived from the Seal of the Territory of Nevada . As Nevada prepared for statehood in 1864 , its Constitutional Convention began to formalize the features of the state 's official seel . Nevada was admitted as a state on October 31 , 1864 by proclamation of President Abraham Lincoln . On February 24 , 1866 , the motto `` Volens et Potens '' ( `` Willing and Able '' ) was replaced by `` All for Our Country '' . The design of the seal was formalized , and Nevada 's mineral resources are featured with a silver miner and his team moving a carload of ore from a mountain in the foreground . A quartz mill stands before another mountain . Transportation and communication are symbolized by a train steaming across the background , with telegraph poles spanning the distance . Agriculture is represented by a sheaf of wheat , a sickle , and a plow in the foreground . Nevada 's natural environment is symbolized by a brilliant sun rising over snow-capped peaks . The inner circle of the seal carries the motto `` All for Our Country '' , and Nevada 's entry into the Union as the 36th state is shown with 36 stars completing the inner ring . The perimeter of the seal proclaims `` The Great Seal of the State of Nevada '' . Mark Twain was said to have convinced the designer to make the two trails of smoke blow in opposite directions as a prank , which was later rectified when the mistake was realized .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7ccf353e4175c0da75e08f7cd94b40d6	Jackie Evancho appeared in a film.	[ { "docid": "999e12bd0d311cadde0d75eb4c70491a", "text": "Jackie Evancho Jacqueline Marie `` Jackie '' Evancho ( -LSB- iːˈvæŋkoʊ -RSB- ; born April 9 , 2000 ) is an American classical crossover singer who gained wide recognition at an early age and , since 2009 , has issued an EP and seven albums , including a platinum and gold album and three Billboard 200 top 10 debuts . She has released three solo Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) concert specials . Between 2008 and 2010 , Evancho entered talent competitions , sang the U.S. national anthem at a Pittsburgh Pirates baseball game , gave concerts with Tim Janis and David Foster , issued her first album , Prelude to a Dream , and attracted interest on YouTube . In 2010 , at the age of ten , she gained wide notice with her 2nd-place finish in the fifth season of America 's Got Talent . With the 2010 holiday release of her O Holy Night EP , Evancho became the best-selling debut artist of 2010 , the youngest top-10 debut artist in U.S. history and the youngest solo artist ever to go platinum in the U.S. . She performed at the 2010 National Christmas Tree lighting in Washington , D.C. . In 2011 , her first full-length album , Dream With Me , produced by Foster , debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 chart , and she became the youngest top-5 debut artist in UK history . Billboard ranked Evancho the top Classical Albums Artist for 2011 . Later that year , Evancho released a full-length holiday album , Heavenly Christmas , and became the youngest person ever to give a solo concert at Lincoln Center in New York City as part of her Dream With Me Tour . From late 2012 to 2014 , she toured the U.S. to support her 2012 album , Songs from the Silver Screen , which was Evancho 's third top-ten album debut . In 2013 she headlined benefit concerts at Carnegie Hall , the LDS Conference Center and with Cirque du Soleil in Las Vegas for the One Drop Foundation . She also appeared in the 2013 Robert Redford film The Company You Keep and modelled for Guess Kids clothing . After releasing her 2014 album , Awakening , Evancho began high school while continuing to tour . Later music releases included several singles and collaborations , and a 2016 holiday album , Someday at Christmas . In 2017 , Evancho performed the U.S. national anthem at the presidential inauguration of Donald Trump ; released a studio album , Two Hearts , her seventh consecutive No. 1 release on the U.S. classical albums chart ; and became the youngest person ever to perform a concert series at Café Carlyle .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5115227f9a507430f940ded98c66985f", "text": "The Invisible Kid The Invisible Kid is a 1988 American comedy film directed by Avery Crounse . The film stars Jay Underwood , Chynna Phillips and Karen Black .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7eb8f744c65c0b1d7da5e543e17fb6f", "text": "American Kickboxer 2 American Kickboxer 2 is a 1993 Filipino/American martial arts film directed by Jeno Hodi and starring former world champion kickboxer Dale `` Apollo '' Cook and martial artist and actor Evan Lurie . Despite the title , it is not related to the 1991 original American Kickboxer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "193b1c1cc03e65e349dca149fb7456af", "text": "Ms. 45 Ms. 45 , also known as Angel of Vengeance , is a 1981 American exploitation thriller film directed by Abel Ferrara and starring Zoë Tamerlis Lund . Inspired by films such as 1973 's Thriller -- A Cruel Picture and 1974 's Death Wish , the film is a rape and revenge story about Thana , a mute woman who becomes a misandristic spree killer after she is raped twice in one day when going home from work . It was critically maligned on its theatrical release , but is now generally highly regarded among fans of underground and independent film . It was acquired by Alamo Drafthouse Films in October 2013 and remastered in HD from the original negatives . The distributor released the film on Blu-ray , DVD , and digital copy in March 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4feff891ce65c365b5b8564b6becf802", "text": "Left Handed Johnny West Left Handed Johnny West ( Johnny West il mancino , also known just as Johnny West ) is a 1965 Italian spaghetti western film directed by Gianfranco Parolini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e21fdb1b4967e4a501c8de92ddb92782", "text": "Shadows Over Chinatown Shadows Over Chinatown ( 1946 ) is the second to last film featuring Sidney Toler as Charlie Chan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c61475141ef1d51ae6edcab3d863f", "text": "Little Boy (film) Little Boy is a 2015 World War II war fantasy-drama film directed by Alejandro Gómez Monteverde . The screenplay is by Monteverde and Pepe Portillo , and the film was produced by Eduardo Verástegui and Leo Severino , edited by Joan Sobel and Fernando Villena . The film stars Jakob Salvati , Emily Watson , Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa , Michael Rapaport , David Henrie , Ben Chaplin , Eduardo Verástegui , Ted Levine , Abraham Benrubi , Tom Wilkinson . The title is a reference to Little Boy , the code name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima as well as a reference to Pepper , the main character 's height . The film was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24 , 2015 , by Open Road Films . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment . The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and it earned $ 17 million on a $ 20 million budget . The story of the movie is being used in the 2017 Bollywood movie Tubelight starring Salman Khan in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43dd63daff657593566f6fe27728cb5c", "text": "Eaux d'Artifice Eaux d'artifice ( 1953 ) is a short experimental film by Kenneth Anger . The film was shot in the Villa d'Este in Tivoli , Italy . The film consists entirely of a woman dressed in eighteenth-century clothes who wanders amidst the garden fountains of the Villa d'Este ( `` a Hide and Seek in a night-time labyrinth '' ) to the sounds of Vivaldi 's `` Four Seasons '' , until she steps into a fountain and momentarily disappears . The actress , Carmilla Salvatorelli ( not `` Carmello '' ) , was `` a little midget '' Anger had met through Federico Fellini . Anger used a short actress to suggest a different sense of scale , whereby the monuments seemed bigger ( a technique he said was inspired by etchings of the gardens in the Villa d'Este by Giovanni Battista Piranesi ) . The title , a play on words , is meant to suggest Feux d'artifice ( Fireworks ) , in obvious reference to Anger 's earlier 1947 work . Film critic Scott MacDonald has suggested that Fireworks was a film about the repression of ( the filmmaker 's ) gay sexuality in the United States , whereas Eaux d'Artifice `` suggests an explosion of pleasure and freedom . '' In 1993 , this short film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a5a8bb945c3a5e7898bd736ac1b0efb", "text": "Rush Hour (film series) The Rush Hour franchise is a series of three Chinese-American martial arts/action-comedy buddy cop films created by Ross LaManna , directed by Brett Ratner , and distributed by New Line Cinema . All three films center on a pair of police detectives : a Hong Kong Police Force inspector and an American LAPD detective ( portrayed by Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker ) who go on a series of misadventures often involving corrupt crime figures . The films were released theatrically between 1998 and 2007 , and have achieved commercial success and incorporate elements of martial arts , humor , and the buddy cop subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d419d1940a6f03a34cc4da0eb0acdd5", "text": "Invisible Avenger Invisible Avenger is a 1958 American action film directed by James Wong Howe , Ben Parker and John Sledge . The film is a compilation of two episodes of a 1957 Republic Pictures television pilot for The Shadow . The episodes , one directed by cinematographer James Wong Howe , were put together and released as a theatrical feature . The film was rereleased in 1962 under the title Bourbon Street Shadows by the Louisiana-based MPA films . The episodes were shot on location in New Orleans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53632f940409271ef2f3b6d6dc4e6180", "text": "Caboblanco Caboblanco ( 1980 ) is an American drama film directed by J. Lee Thompson , starring Charles Bronson , Dominique Sanda and Jason Robards . The film has often been described as a remake of Casablanca . The movie marks the third collaboration between Bronson and director J. Lee Thompson ( following 1976 's St. Ives and 1977 's The White Buffalo ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f09bde3ad4adca7d0d357dca2b52a7d", "text": "The Twins Effect The Twins Effect , also known as Vampire Effect in the United States , is a 2003 Hong Kong film directed by Dante Lam and Donnie Yen . The film was derived from Cantopop group Twins , starring both members Charlene Choi and Gillian Chung in the leading roles . Co-stars include Edison Chen and Ekin Cheng . Jackie Chan makes a cameo appearance as an ambulance driver . Following its release on 8 March 2003 , The Twins Effect was a box-office success in Hong Kong , became the highest grossing domestic film of the year . The film gained huge popularity , mainly from fans of Twins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5a2d37031526903e6fb508feb3562cf", "text": "The Underachievers (film) The Underachievers is a 1987 American comedy directed by Jackie Kong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9898d918a6fb33905deb8ccb102f1a4d", "text": "Vinyl (1965 film) Vinyl is a 1965 American black-and-white experimental film directed by Andy Warhol at The Factory . It is an early adaptation of Anthony Burgess ' novel A Clockwork Orange , starring Gerard Malanga , Edie Sedgwick , Ondine , and Tosh Carillo , and featuring such songs as `` Nowhere to Run '' by Martha and the Vandellas , `` Tired of Waiting for You '' by The Kinks , `` The Last Time '' by The Rolling Stones and `` Shout '' by The Isley Brothers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08a4b08460b354a810d38bc815f64073", "text": "Texas, Adios Texas , Adios ( Italian : Texas , addio ) is a 1966 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Ferdinando Baldi and starring Franco Nero . It is often referenced in connection with Django , also starring Nero , and although was referred to as Django 2 in some countries , it is not considered a sequel . The film is mostly remembered as a lesser known Spaghetti Western .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ce3ebaf34e48b1484ea479a4b4feda1", "text": "Hard Times (1975 film) Hard Times is a 1975 film marking the directorial debut of Walter Hill . It stars Charles Bronson as Chaney , a drifter freighthopping through Louisiana during the Great Depression , who competes in illegal bare-knuckled boxing matches after forming a partnership with the garrulous hustler Speed , played by James Coburn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c41dd92e9a1d160db14d0f0da01cc81b", "text": "Shinsukki Blues Shinsukki Blues is a 2004 South Korean film about a smarmy corporate lawyer who magically switches bodies with a pro bono defense attorney with the same name . It was the last Korean film released to theaters in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdf2adf9b937f3fbed0d09989bb095e5", "text": "Jet Attack Jet Attack ( also known as Jet Alert and released in the UK as Through Hell to Glory ) is a 1958 American aviation war film set in the Korean War , featuring United States Air Force ( USAF ) aircraft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb6c4391d6099a4480c69d005447066", "text": "Kung Fu Panda 2 Kung Fu Panda 2 is a 2011 3D American computer-animated comedy-drama martial arts film , directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson , produced by DreamWorks Animation , and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2008 film Kung Fu Panda and the second installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise . Jack Black , Angelina Jolie , Dustin Hoffman , Seth Rogen , Lucy Liu , David Cross , James Hong , and Jackie Chan reprise their character roles from the original film . They are joined by Gary Oldman , Michelle Yeoh and Danny McBride . In the film , Po and the Furious Five battle an evil peacock named Lord Shen who has a powerful weapon that he plans to conquer China with . However Po discovers a terrifying secret about his past in the process . The film was released in theatres May 26 , 2011 in Real D 3D and Digital 3D . Kung Fu Panda 2 grossed $ 665 million worldwide against its $ 150 million budget . The film was the highest-grossing animated feature film of the year and was nominated for the 2011 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 84th Academy Awards . A sequel , titled Kung Fu Panda 3 , and directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and Alessandro Carloni , was released on January 29 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3018f9600bf56e8c85d400672df411", "text": "Salon Kitty (film) Salon Kitty is a 1976 erotic-war-drama film directed by Tinto Brass . The film was coproduced by Italy , France and West Germany . It is based on the novel of the same name by Peter Norden , covering the real life events of the Salon Kitty Incident , where the Sicherheitsdienst took over an expensive brothel in Berlin , had the place wire tapped and all the prostitutes replaced with trained spies in order to gather data on various members of the Nazi party and foreign dignitaries . It is considered among the progenitors of Nazisploitation genre . In the U.S. , the film was edited to lighten the political overtones for an easier marketing as a sexploitation film and released under the title Madam Kitty with an X rating . Blue Underground Video , for the uncut version , has surrendered the X rating for an unrated DVD and Blu-ray release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fafe163ff568c88c261176982d64382f", "text": "Moloch Tropical Moloch Tropical is a 2009 film .", "title": "" } ]	fever
97795289df0dde31cfb1881f2322863e	G-Dragon is a person who creates art.	[ { "docid": "feceb56b7c9bb419d5a28a375e08d072", "text": "G-Dragon Kwon Ji-yong ( ; born August 18 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name G-Dragon , is a South Korean rapper , singer-songwriter , record producer , and fashion icon . After six years as a trainee under the record label YG Entertainment , G-Dragon rose to fame in the mid-2000s as one of two rappers in the South Korean hip hop boy band Big Bang . Despite initial lukewarm receptions , the group became one of the best-selling digital group of all-time in Asia and one of the best-selling boy bands in the world . G-Dragon debuted as a solo artist with the release of Heartbreaker in 2009 . The album was a commercial success and earned the Mnet Asian Music Awards for Album of the Year , while the single of the same name became a number-one hit . G-Dragon later formed a duo with fellow Big Bang member T.O.P to record and release the album GD & TOP ( 2010 ) , which contained the top-five hits `` High High '' , `` Oh Yeah '' , and `` Knock Out '' on the Gaon Digital Chart , while the album peaked at number-one . His first EP One of a Kind ( 2012 ) was critically acclaimed and yielded `` One of a Kind '' , `` Crayon '' , and the number-one `` That XX '' , earning Record of the Year at the 22nd Seoul Music Awards . The EP became the highest-selling album by a Korean soloist since his own Heartbreaker . In 2013 , he embarked on his first worldwide tour as a solo artist , which included a four-dome tour in Japan , making him the first Korean soloist to do a dome tour . G-Dragon was awarded Artist of the Year at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards following the success of his second studio album Coup d'Etat ( 2013 ) , in addition to the awards of World 's Best Entertainer and World 's Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards . Recognized as one of the most influential leaders in music and fashion in his country and labelled as an `` K-pop icon '' , G-Dragon was named by Forbes the most influential person under 30 in Asia 's entertainment and sports . Producing not only for his band but also for his and his bandmates ' solo releases , G-Dragon has written 22 number one songs .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c445e2a25dbb8aba66dad5c2695b59d9", "text": "Osamu Tezuka was a Japanese manga artist , cartoonist , animator , film producer , medical doctor and activist . Born in Osaka Prefecture , his prolific output , pioneering techniques , and innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles as `` the father of manga '' , `` the godfather of manga '' and `` the god of manga '' . Additionally , he is often considered the Japanese equivalent to Walt Disney , who served as a major inspiration during Tezuka 's formative years . Born in Toyonaka Tezuka took an interest in art and animation at an early age when his father showed him his first Disney films . As a young child Tezuka began to practice drawing so much that his mother would have to erase pages in his notebook in order to keep up with his output . In elementary school he would develop his own comics and illustrations from which his skills would become formidable . During high school in 1944 Tezuka was drafted into the military service to work in a factory . Tezuka would begin studying medicine at the Osaka University in 1945 , during which he would begin to publish his first professional works . Tezuka would begin what was known as the manga revolution in Japan with his New Treasure Island published in 1947 . His legendary output would spawn some of the most influential , successful and well received manga series including Astro Boy , Jungle Emperor Leo , Black Jack , and Phoenix , all of which would win several awards . During the 1960s Tezuka entered the animation industry in Japan by founding the production company Mushi Productions he would help innovate with industry with the broadcast of the animated version of Astro Boy in 1963 . This series would create the first successful model for animation production in Japan and would also be the first Japanese animation dubbed into English for an American audience . Other series were also translated to animation including Jungle Emperor Leo , the first Japanese animated series produced in full color . In the 1970s Mushi Productions would collapse financially and the fallout would produce several influential animation production studios including Sunrise . After Mushi Production 's failure Tezuka would found Tezuka Productions and continue experimenting with animation late into his life . Tezuka died of stomach cancer in 1989 . His death had an immediate impact on the Japanese public . A museum was constructed in Takarazuka dedicated to his memory and life works and Tezuka received many posthumous awards . Several animations were in production at the time of his death along with the final chapters of Phoenix which were never released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fadfdcee5d0a97437385a5acd7e68a5b", "text": "Stéphan Barron Stéphan Barron is a contemporary artist . He developed through his artworks since the 1980s the ideas of Planetary Art and Technoromanticism . Planetary Art is an art form which takes the Earth in its planetary dimension as its basis for artistic creation . Technoromanticism is the theory of links between art and new technologies , within the context of the threats posed to Nature by technoscience and economic development . Technoromanticism also seeks to analyse the return of the human body within technological arts , formulating the hypothesis that a technological society needs a corporeal rebalancing of perceptions . `` Stéphan Barron occupies , in Europe , a prominent place in the search for a spatio-temporal definition of the video image . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6ce6854edf6525da4e002485c348a7f", "text": "Minhwa Minhwa art refers to the Korean folk art that consists of paintings of mythical figures and other objects in a specific plain , straightforward and naive style . Literally `` painting of the people '' or `` popular painting '' . This type of painting was often the work of anonymous craftsmen who faithfully adhered to the styles , canons and genres inherited from the past . Minhwa also involved a magical dimension . They were believed to possess beneficial virtues and to protect the owner and his family from evil forces . They feature popular themes such as cranes , rocks , water , clouds , the sun , moon , pine-trees , tortoises , insects and flowers . Minhwa art developed into its present form in the seventeenth century . The artists were common people who went from place to place , often following festivals , where they would paint for the locals , fulfilling their commissions on the spot . Important stages in life were also marked by the painting of a minhwa picture . Both common people and nobles would commission these artists . The paintings worked on a number of levels . They show figures from folk mythology and legends , symbols of happiness , wealth and health , and scenes of everyday life . The most common figures were animals that represented power , such as the tiger , or providential circumstances , such as carp , which represent success . The paintings were done on paper and on canvas . After a decline during the colonial rule , the art form experienced a short boom until laid low by the Korean War . In the 1980s , though , there was a revival of Minhwa , the interest and popularity of which persists to this day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba90b290b467aaa69a5bc473ebfa521", "text": "Dragon Voice is a manga series by Yuriko Nishiyama . It was serialized by Kodansha in Weekly Shōnen Magazine and collected in 11 bound volumes . The manga was licensed in North America by Tokyopop , but the license was dropped after publishing 10 volumes . The story centers on a Japanese pop-singing group called Beatmen and focuses on the life of Rin Amami , the unlikely fifth member of the group who was foretold as the bearer of a legendary unique singing vocal called ` Dragon Voice ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17927f4ec9fa55c7d406f850dd5c4f46", "text": "Google Drawings Google Drawings is a free , web-based diagramming software developed by Google . It allows users to collaborate and work together in real time to create flowcharts , organisational charts , website wireframes , mind maps , concept maps , and other types of diagrams . Google Drawings is also available as a Chrome app that works offline , available from the Chrome Web Store . Google Drawings is hosted within Google Drive and all files created with the application are by default saved to Google Drive . It was originally introduced on April 12 , 2010 as Google Docs drawings , a tool for making drawings in Google Docs . Google Drawings allows multiple users to open and edit drawings simultaneously in real time . It contains a subset of the features in Google Slides but with different templates . Users can insert images from the local hard drive or from the Web , as well as shapes , arrows , scribbles and text . Google Drawings has set of flow-chart symbols and other shapes that can be dragged and dropped into place . Users can move , resize and rotate objects , and use polylines and line connectors . It also allows for the editing of images , including cropping , applying masks and adding borders . Other features include laying out drawings precisely with alignment guides , snapping to grid , and auto-distribution . Drawings can be inserted into other Google documents , spreadsheets , or presentations . They can also be published online as images or downloaded in standard formats such as JPEG , SVG , PNG , or PDF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "414b674dd0a856c5efc4aeb3f3a5de73", "text": "Shi Jinsong Shi Jinsong ( born 1969 , Dangyang County Hubei Province , China ) is a Chinese artist based in Wuhan and Beijing . He studied at Hubei Academy of Fine Arts in China where he majored in sculpture and mastered an array of traditional styles and techniques . He graduated in 1994 . He is particularly known for his first solo exhibition in the United States at Chambers Fine Art in New York Na Zha Baby Boutique exhibition , a series of stainless steel sculptures depicting baby accessories -- rattle , cot , stroller , etc. -- made from razor-sharp blades ( Na Zha is a child warrior deity in Chinese mythology ) . He is violent and sly and flamboyantly dressed in flaming trousers with fireball feet . Today , he is associated with lottery , gambling , and the high life and is the star of a cartoon TV show . Shi Jinsong humorously depicts Na Zha in his exhibition as the `` new face of Mothercare . '' Shi describes Na Zha as `` a supernatural youthful hero who always recovers and refuses to grow up . He has three heads , nine eyes and eight arms , with blue clouds coming from his mouth , flamed wheels under his feet , and all kinds of powerful weapons in his hands . He needs only to shout for clouds to turn into rain . He cuts his own flesh and commits suicide to save his father , fights the dragon king , and overturns the universe . '' This is the Na Zha portrayed in Shi 's artwork . Chambers Fine Art described this work as a `` dialogue , at once menacing and ironic , between the forms of mythic Chinese culture and modern day globalization '' . He returned to this theme for his Secret Book of Cool Weapons , which portrayed corporate logos such as the Nike Swoosh as martial arts weapons . Shi has shown work internationally in many exhibitions including Shanghai Cool : Creative Reproduction at the Shanghai Duolun Museum of Modern Art , Mahjong at Kunstmuseum Bern in Switzerland , Alors , La Chine ? at the Pompidou Center in Paris , and Too Much Flavour at Chambers Fine Art in New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f1dfdb57a7dd04e9dbdb71f493c2898", "text": "Yang Yongliang Yang Yongliang ( ; sometimes written Yang Yong-liang ; born 1980 in Jiading , Shanghai ) is a Chinese contemporary artist . As a young student , he studied traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy before attending the Shanghai Art & Design Academy , where he specialized in decoration and design beginning in 1996 . In 1999 he attended the China Academy of Art , Visual Communication Department , Shanghai branch . In 2005 he started his career as an artist with the stated goal of `` creating new forms of contemporary art . '' He currently lives and works in Shanghai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec4fb46a66f9e271ad500af60af227f9", "text": "Dragon (magazine) Dragon is one of the two official magazines for source material for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game and associated products ; Dungeon is the other . TSR , Inc. originally launched the monthly printed magazine in 1976 to succeed the company 's earlier publication , The Strategic Review . The final printed issue was # 359 in September 2007 . Shortly after the last print issue shipped in mid-August 2007 , Wizards of the Coast ( part of Hasbro , Inc. ) , the publication 's current intellectual property rightsholder , relaunched Dragon as an online magazine , continuing on the numbering of the print edition . The last published issue was No. 430 in December 2013 . A digital publication called Dragon + , which replaces the Dragon magazine , launched in 2015 . It is created by Dialect in collaboration with Wizards of the Coast , and restarted the numbering system for issues at No. 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2b528904a00a5fa128c5e35f9eb8149", "text": "Edward Giobbi Edward Gioachino Giobbi ( born July 18 , 1926 in Waterbury , Connecticut ) is an American artist and cookbook author . Giobbi 's paintings and other renderings appear in collections in the U.S. and , particularly , in Italy . His works have been shown in solo and group shows featuring a range from abstract impressionism to pop art . According to New York Times reviewer Edward Zimmer , Giobbi 's early works reveal the influence of expressionism . These works depict a `` dark sense of ambiguity and longing '' contradicted by `` buoyant '' colors . `` Mr. Giobbi 's art then takes a different turn ... more intellectual and formal '' revealing the impact of cubism and formalism . Zimmer notes Giobbi 's use of a protagonist , Linus , addressing issues of loss and abandonment . See the article `` In Katonah with Nothing But Abstractions to Consider '' by Vivien Raynor , New York Times , July 19 , 1992 , and Giobbi 's response , `` The Myth of Linus in Greek Mythology '' New York Times , September 16 , 1992 . Giobbi 's later works are autobiographical , with a `` free , seemingly extemporaneous use of paint that contrasts with the deliberately plotted quality of the main compositions . '' In his article , `` Still Going Strong '' , New York Times , September 9 , 2001 , D. Dominick Lombardi wrote : `` After returning from the service in 1946 , Giobbi worked in a foundry , earning enough money to begin his art education at Vesper George School of Art in Boston . A visiting artist there , Henry Hensche , suggested that Giobbi spend the summer at Hensche 's private art school in Provincetown , Mass. . He taught the Impressionist style , which is when I learned color logic , whereby all colors fit as they do in nature , Giobbi said . This enabled me to build a color vocabulary that I continue to use today . After he finished school in Boston , Giobbi moved on to the Art Students League in Manhattan . The League was fabulous in 1949 , he said . It was full of veterans who were no-nonsense . They had families , they experienced war , and there was no time for fussing around.Shortly afterwards , my mother suggested I visit Italy . I stayed for three years , learned to speak better Italian and studied fresco painting at the Academia di Belle Arte in Florence . I learned the old master techniques using dried pigments with rabbit skin glue . That is when I fell in love with the early fresco artists : Giotto , Masaccio , Piero della Francesca and Michelangelo . Those are the people that still nourish me through their art.In speaking of his return to New York City in 1954 , he said : I had a special grant from the Art Students League , affording me time and space in the sculpture studio . I met my wife , Elinor Turner , there . In 1958 , we decided to return to Europe . We got married in Switzerland.Returning to the Northeast in 1961 , the Giobbis stayed in a friend 's home in Greenwich , searching the tristate area for a home before settling in Katonah.I found Munch , Cézanne , Matisse , Picasso and Giacometti to be artists that nourished me , he said , recalling influences on his work at that time . In those days , Abstract Expressionism was in full swing . I liked the excitement and the abandonment of their technique to a degree , but I do not believe in anarchy . If you look at the growth of masses of various vegetation that grows naturally in the woods , you see extreme anarchy . However , if you really study this vegetation , there is order there . That is how I see painting . The Abstract Expressionists lacked order . '' '' Giobbi 's oral history interview , recorded by Paul Cummings in November and December , 1977 , is archived at the Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Art . Giobbi is the author of `` Italian Family Cooking '' , Random House , 1971 , 1978 , foreword by Craig Claiborne . He then authored `` Eat Right , Eat Well -- The Italian Way '' , Knopf , 1985 , 1998 . This book was edited by noted cookbook editor Judith Jones and reflects Giobbi 's back to nature lifestyle in imitation of his Italian ancestors who raised their own farm animals and grew their own vegetables and fruits . For `` Pleasures of the Good Earth '' , Knopf , 1991 , Giobbi won a James Beard award for culinary excellence in 1992 . Giobbi collaborated with his daughter , Eugenia Giobbi Bone , for his most recent work , `` Italian Family Dining : Recipes , Menus and Memories of Meals with a Great American Food Family '' , Rodale , 2005 . In 1990 , he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member , and became a full Academician in 1992 . See also `` An Artist Round When All Was Square '' , review of a Katonah Gallery show , New York Times , July 2 , 1976 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1060601a222631ef81a4b77b33ae7853", "text": "Yoshitaka Amano is a Japanese artist , character designer , illustrator and a theatre and film scenic designer and costume designer . He first came into prominence in the late 1960s working on the anime adaptation of Speed Racer . Amano later became the creator of iconic and influential characters such as Gatchaman , Tekkaman : The Space Knight , Hutch the Honeybee and Casshan . In 1982 he went independent and became a freelance artist , finding success as an illustrator for numerous authors , and worked on best-selling novel series , such as The Guin Saga and Vampire Hunter D . He is also known for his commissioned illustrations for the popular video-game franchise Final Fantasy . Since the 1990s Amano has been creating and exhibiting paintings featuring his iconic retro pop icons in galleries around the world , primarily painting on aluminium box panels with acrylic and automotive paint . He is a 5-time winner of the Seiun Award , and also won the 1999 Bram Stoker Award for his collaboration with Neil Gaiman , Sandman : The Dream Hunters . Amano 's influences include early Western comic books , art nouveau , and Japanese woodblock prints . In early 2010 , he established Studio Devaloka , a film production company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6db3a98f011b7442a93b8086acc29395", "text": "Kenichi Muraeda is a Japanese manga artist . He created the manga series Kamen Rider Spirits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bce8eef4514e7b289af116b60e6b7462", "text": "Gai Qi Gai Qi ( Chinese : 改琦 ; zi Bowen 伯蕰 , hao Qiliang七郎 , secondary hao Yuhu waishi 玉壶外史 1774-1829 ) was a poet and painter born in western China during the Qing dynasty . As an artist , he was active in Shanghai . In painting his works mainly concerned plants , beauty , and figures . However he also did numerous landscapes . In poetry he preferred the rhyming ci form and added such poems to his paintings . His social circle included prominent literati as well as artists . He organized both a literary society and a Buddhist lay society . His work often used a delicate baimiao ( outline ) style , which can be clearly see in his illustrations for Honglou meng , ( Dream of the Red Chamber ) . The illustrations are chiefly portraits of the main characters in the novel . Numerous poets , including the renowned woman poet Zhou Qi , wrote poems to accompany the illustrations . The scholar Wang Qisun 王岂孙 commissioned Gai Qi to paint an album of famous Chinese women , both historical and legendary . Wang 's second wife , Cao Zhenxiu 曹贞秀 wrote poems about the women and did the calligraphy in the album . Gai took as a student the talented woman painter and poet Qian Shoupu 錢守璞 ( ca. 1801-1869 ) . He was associated with the painter Fei Danxu 费丹旭 in what has been called the `` Gai Fei '' school . Gai 's grandson continued the tradition of the Gai Fei school , along with descendants of Fei Danxiu . He is perhaps best known today for the Hongloumeng tiyong , a book of portraits of characters in Dream of the Red Chamber accompanied by poems about the characters . The book was based on paintings done by Gai Qi , but was not published until 1884 , long after its death . The book is still in print .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b85cc0a0017c3e350ea6c184c726d11", "text": "George S. Gaadt George S. Gaadt is an American artist , illustrator , and portraiture painter who was born in Erie , Pennsylvania . Studying at The Columbus College of Art and Design , he began his celebrated career working for Hallmark Cards . Although , the bulk of his career has involved producing work for sports and military organisations . He worked for the National Football League for twenty-five years as an Illustrator and Photographer . Meanwhile completing projects for the Major League Baseball , Basketball and Football Halls of Fame , as well as producing paintings for the Pittsburgh Steelers 50th and 75th Anniversaries . His military artwork highlights have included painting several pieces for the US Army in Europe and Korea , and having his painting `` Last Stand at Fort Ligonier '' featured in `` 200 Years of American Illustration , '' an exhibition at The New York Historical Society Museum . Gaadt is a member of the New York Society of Illustrators , and his work has featured in many of their exhibitions and annuals . He has taught and lectured on art , art history , illustration and design , and held positions at the Carnegie-Mellon University and the Sweetwater Center for the Arts in Sewickley , Pennsylvania . His work has been exhibited globally , spanning England , Germany , Switzerland , Italy and China . Of his more than ninety awards , he has been honoured by his former college as an Outstanding Alumni , the Juror-NY Society of illustrators , and the NASA Art Team . The Columbus College of Art and Design recently awarded him an honorary Masters of Visual Arts degree .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "506162fec28fa9eec6e1819c88c74aad", "text": "One of a Kind (EP) One of a Kind is the second solo release of South Korean singer-songwriter and rapper G-Dragon , leader of Big Bang . The mini-album was released on September 15 digitally and on September 18 physically . On August 25 , G-Dragon released the first music video of the song One of a Kind . However the song was not released as a single as the song and music video served as a way to introduce the album and concept to the public . On September 1 , G-Dragon released his first single `` That XX '' . The song Crayon will serve as the lead single of the album , which contains a total of seven songs all co-composed and written by G-Dragon himself . Upon release , the album was an immediate success in South Korea . It placed first on the Billboard World Album Chart and entered the Billboard 200 Chart at 161 for the week . As of January 2014 , the album has sold over 252,728 copies , making it the highest selling album by a Korean soloist since the release of Heartbreaker in 2009 , also by G-Dragon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cd42a815695e3a73492aa166ac17e79", "text": "Dragon (cipher) Dragon is a stream cipher developed at the Information Security Institute by Ed Dawson , Kevin Chen , Matt Henricksen , William Millan , Leonie Simpson , HoonJae Lee , and SangJae Moon . The cipher is a Phase 3 Focus candidate for the eSTREAM project . The cipher is targeted for fast software implementations and versions with different key lengths exists . The version selected for Phase 3 is Dragon-128 . It is not Patented . Dragon has not been successfully attacked to date , but Cho and Pieprzyk found biases within the primary non-linear component of the cipher . This suggests that the security of the cipher is weaker than intended by its designers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dcc47b78a67d6eef90d33c2559486f9", "text": "Id (comics) Id The Greatest Fusion Fantasy ( 이드 pronounced Ee day ) is a manhwa ( comic ) written by Kim Daewoo , with art by A. T. Kenny . The manhwa version is adapted from the novel of the same name by the same author . The plot is set in a fantasy universe where traditional sword and sorcery elements ( mana , elemental magic system , dragons , elves , dwarves etc. ) and Chinese wuxia plot elements ( qi , taoist ideas , references to jianghu ) coexist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e3e1c958cf2cfb1b0e4bcea80534d3", "text": "Genkaku Picasso is a three-volume manga series by Usamaru Furuya . It was serialized in Shueisha 's Jump Square magazine , with collected editions released in 2009 -- 2010 ; an English edition was released by Viz Media in 2010 -- 2011 in its Shonen Jump '' manga division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b54c5c720b0d5203c733f42996df4aed", "text": "Ryūsuke Mita is a Japanese manga creator . He is best known for his seinen manga series Dragon Half , which was made into an anime OVA by the same name . He also illustrates Futabasha game books under the pen name . Mita 's father is Munesuke Mita , a well-known Japanese sociologist , and his grandfather was Sekisuke Mita , a Marxist economist . He is married to manga creator Chiaki Ogishima , who drew the manga adaptation of Heat Guy J.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3036faa61ca2bc46639474c482b8ed6c", "text": "Cheng Yong Cheng Yong ( 程勇 born 1983 in Yingkou , Liaoning Province ) is a contemporary Chinese painter based in Shenyang , North-East China . He graduated from Luxun Academy of Fine Art which is one of the leading fine art academies in China . He now lives and works in Shenyang , China . Through personal perception , Cheng Yong deconstructs the real and rational life and reconstruct it in his paintings so to suit the purpose of his art . He prefers to assemble into an imagination-evoking illusory situation and images from different times and spaces and those between the old-fashioned and the fashion which are irrelevant to each other or which even oppose mutually . The expression both illusory and real and both false and true has created span in time and space to generate imagination , allowing the audience to drift between the illusion and reality , thus reaching the inner unity between the mental and the objective images . Male protagonists in Cheng 's paintings are mainly the artist himself , while female protagonists represent the image of the artist 's wife . Be it standing , lying down , gazing at oneself or at the viewer , the portrayed characters interact silently with viewers in a subtle manner found exclusively in an Eastern context . By reflecting upon oneself just as one does in front of a mirror , Cheng perceives and explores his own identity and existence while revealing the detachment and loneliness of the general public in the digital era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c866c0cef1f577cda643e0e028023b3", "text": "Dragon Quest: Dai no Daibōken , is a Japanese manga based in the video game series Dragon Quest . It was originally created as a two-chapter short story titled `` Derupa ! Iruiru ! '' . Its subsequent success led to the three-chapter sequel `` Dai Bakuhatsu !!! '' ( Dai Explodes !!! ) , and later the serialization of Dai no Daibōken in Shueisha 's Weekly Shōnen Jump . The manga later spawned an anime series , the second one based on the Dragon Quest franchise after Dragon Quest . Dragon Quest : Dai no Daibōken is one of the Weekly Shōnen Jumps best-selling manga series of all time , with roughly 40 million copies sold .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e5e04fdfadb5ad0b831a7ce0d89a5911	Patch Adams (film) is a semi-biographical television show only.	[ { "docid": "b9e2baf1b34f8519b714a0289909a029", "text": "Patch Adams (film) Patch Adams is a 1998 semi-biographical comedy-drama film starring Robin Williams , Monica Potter , Philip Seymour Hoffman and Bob Gunton . Directed by Tom Shadyac , it is based on the life story of Dr. Hunter `` Patch '' Adams and the book , Gesundheit : Good Health is a Laughing Matter , by Adams and Maureen Mylander . Despite being poorly received by critics and Dr. Adams himself , the film was a box-office success , grossing over twice its budget in the United States alone .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "df31f8d1951afd099b5fb68bfcf624fe", "text": "The Late Show The Late Show may refer to : The Late Show is an umbrella title used by numerous local television stations in North America from the 1950s to the 1990s for their late night broadcasts of old movies Late Show ( CBS TV series ) , an American television talk show broadcast on CBS since 1993 , formerly hosted by David Letterman , and currently hosted by Stephen Colbert . Late Show with David Letterman ( 1993 -- 2015 ) The Late Show with Stephen Colbert ( 2015 -- present ) The Late Show ( Australian TV series ) , the Australian comedy television show of 1992 -- 1993 The Late Show ( Fox TV series ) , ( 1986-1988 ) a late-night American talk show broadcast by the Fox Network starring Joan Rivers for its first seven months followed by Arsenio Hall in 1987 and then Ross Shafer in 1988 and guest hosts at various times . The Late Show a late night entertainment and talk show which currently airs in Scotland on STV Glasgow from 2015 The Late Show ( BBC TV series ) , a British arts series which aired from late 1989 to 1995 The Late Show ( CBC radio ) , a radio documentary program about obituaries The Late Show ( film ) , a film from 1977 written and directed by Robert Benton Late Show , a 1999 German film by director Helmut Dietl The Late Show ( album ) , a live album by jazz saxophonists Eddie `` Lockjaw '' Davis and Johnny Griffin recorded in 1961 The Late Show ( 1950s TV series ) , a 1957 -- 1959 Australian television variety series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a059631ea083bb889078abb65e0d684", "text": "The Seventies (miniseries) The Seventies is a documentary miniseries which premiered on CNN on June 11 , 2015 . Produced by Tom Hanks and Gary Goetzman ' studio Playtone , and serving as a follow-up to The Sixties , the 8-part series chronicled events and popular culture of the United States during the 1970s . In February 2016 , CNN announced that it would premiere a third installment in the franchise , The Eighties , on March 31 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "855bea59d3a86753d5de187e2f3cb28d", "text": "Hard Time (TV series) Hard Time is an American reality-documentary television series on the National Geographic Channel . The series debuted on February 1 , 2011 and is hosted by Thurston Moore as he sheds light on the daily life of the prisoners and corrections officers in various state prisons across the United States . Prisons profiled in the series include Hays State Prison , Georgia Diagnostic and Classification State Prison , Ross Correctional Institution , and Clark County Detention Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8312a68a15e05f8a230679cf28ca0c1", "text": "Factual television Factual television is a genre of non-fiction television programming that documents actual events and people . These types of programs are also described as documentary , observational documentary , fly on the wall , docudrama , and reality television . Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television , the term factual television has most commonly been used to describe programs produced since the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3224c4b78139d356b39a7ff6f7e357b7", "text": "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew , later called simply Rehab with Dr. Drew , is a reality television show that aired on the cable network VH1 in which many of the episodes chronicle a group of well-known people as they are treated for alcohol and drug addiction by Dr. Drew Pinsky and his staff at the Pasadena Recovery Center in Pasadena , California . The first five seasons of the series , on which Pinsky also serves as executive producer , cast celebrities struggling with addiction , with the first season premiering on January 10 , 2008 , and the fifth airing in 2011 . The sixth season , which filmed in early 2012 , featured non-celebrities as treatment subjects , and the series name shortened to Rehab with Dr. Drew . Season 6 premiered on September 16 , 2012 . In May 2013 , Pinsky announced that season six was the final season , explaining that he was tired of the criticism leveled at him after celebrities he treated had relapsed into addiction and died .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ea180cca1f0572a1909a238e4bbf63", "text": "Black Patch (film) Black Patch is a 1957 American Western film directed by Allen H. Miner and written by Leo Gordon , who also plays a supporting role . The film stars George Montgomery and Diane Brewster ( who played `` Samantha Crawford '' in the television series Maverick that same year ) , and is the first film featuring a musical score by Jerry Goldsmith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "559b79dec015e5d55a86262a7b6bc762", "text": "Stoner TV Stoner TV is a subgenre of television programming that revolves around the use of marijuana . Typically , such TV show cannabis use in a comic and positive fashion . Cannabis use is one of the themes and is used on screen by the characters . The American love affair with weed is evidenced by the sustained success of blockbuster TV shows , such as `` Weeds '' , in its 6th season , and `` Entourage , '' in its 8th season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d89e4a186805cfca1891593daea47c0", "text": "Abe Burrows' Almanac Abe Burrows ' Almanac is an American television series that aired on CBS in 1950 . The live program , hosted by Abe Burrows , featured music , song and comedy performances by guests . The show was broadcast on Wednesday evenings at 9:00 PM . Milton DeLugg conducted the orchestra . While Burrows had a successful nightclub act and made regular appearances as a performer on CBS radio programs , this short-lived series is notable for being his only featured role in a television program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b32df42479e1bc201563b1eed96eda", "text": "That '80s Show That '80s Show is an American sitcom that aired from January through May 2002 . Despite having a similar name , show structure , and many of the same writers and production staff , it is not considered a direct-sequel of the more successful That '70s Show . The characters and story lines from both shows never crossed paths . Although the main character , Corey Howard ( Glenn Howerton ) , is designed as Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) cousin , the show itself was a separate decade-based show created because of That '70s Show '' 's popularity at the time . The show was set in 1984 and revolved around the lives of a group of friends living in San Diego , California . It debuted January 23 , 2002 , and the final episode aired May 29 , 2002 . Its regular time slot was on Wednesday nights at 8:00 / 7:00 Central on the Fox Network , although a few shows were aired on different nights . Its main time slot competitors were ABC 's My Wife and Kids , CBS 's 60 Minutes II , and NBC 's Ed '' . All 13 episodes , which were filmed at CBS Studio Center , aired at least once .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f25b1fa4d8b43a394dbda2c14b9bc026", "text": "The Rifleman The Rifleman is an American Western television program starring Chuck Connors as rancher Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as his son , Mark McCain . It was set in the 1870s and 1880s in the fictional town of North Fork , New Mexico Territory . The show was filmed in black-and-white , half-hour episodes . The Rifleman aired on ABC from September 30 , 1958 , to April 8 , 1963 , as a production of Four Star Television . It was one of the first prime time series on American television to show a widowed parent raising a child . The program was titled to reflect McCain 's use of a Winchester rifle , customized to allow repeated firing by cycling its lever action . He demonstrated this technique in the opening credits of every episode , as well as a second modification that allowed him to cycle the action with one hand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41914dcff454119bb9e6b72790366e80", "text": "Alaska Rural Communications Service The Alaska Rural Communications Service ( ARCS ) is a statewide network of low-powered television stations , serving 235 communities throughout the Alaskan Bush areas . The network is based in Anchorage , Alaska and is operated by Alaska Public Broadcasting , a joint venture of Alaska Public Media and Alaska 's public broadcasters . Programming is beamed via satellite to the rural transmitters owned by the Alaska state government . Programming on ARCS is a selection of programming from five commercial broadcast networks ( NBC , CBS , ABC , Fox , MyNetworkTV ) and syndication , via the Anchorage stations ; plus PBS programming from KAKM and other PBS members in the state ; occasionally , ARCS generates some of its own programming ( including local sports coverage ) . Anchorage stations provide their programming to ARCS free of charge with the condition that advertising is allowed to remain . There is currently no CW programming available on ARCS . Even though much of ARCS 's programming contains commercials , the operation of ARCS is partially funded by donations from its viewers , just like member stations of PBS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56e7f373df517aabc0103d6549e7f95c", "text": "Drumline: A New Beat Drumline : A New Beat is a 2014 American television film directed by Bille Woodruff . It is the sequel to 2002 's Drumline . The screenplay , a fictional story about a historically black college marching band , was written by Karen Gist and Regina Hicks . The story is about a young drummer from New York , played by Alexandra Shipp , who enters the fictional Atlanta A&T University and bumps heads with the leader of her new school 's drum section . Jordan Calloway , Mario Van Peebles , and LeToya Luckett co-star . Leonard Roberts reprises his role as Sean Taylor , while Nick Cannon reprise his role as Devon Miles . Cannon also serves as the film 's executive producer . The film was released to DVD on March 3 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e8e165687d677b0885c465cf83e2f35", "text": "List of Wayward Pines episodes Wayward Pines is an American television series based on the Wayward Pines novels by Blake Crouch . Developed for television by Chad Hodge , the pilot was directed by M. Night Shyamalan , with both as executive producers . The series premiered on Fox on May 14 , 2015 . On December 9 , 2015 , Fox renewed the series for a second season , which premiered on May 25 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b0f5feaedf4193f6f0a85a9734ac9ce", "text": "Here's Edie Here 's Edie ( also The Edie Adams Show ) is an American variety/sketch comedy television show starring Edie Adams , Don Chastain , Peter Hanley , Dick Shawn . It originally ran on ABC from April 9 , 1962 , to March 19 , 1964 , for 21 episodes Here 's Edie aired on Thursday evenings at 10 p.m. EST ( rotating with The Sid Caesar Show )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c49e4973aea6a67c1b5a98e538cc8e8", "text": "List of Quincy, M.E. episodes This is a list of episodes from Quincy , M.E. , an American crime-investigation and mystery series . It was originally broadcast on NBC from October 3 , 1976 , to September 4 , 1983 . The show stars Jack Klugman as a medical examiner in Los Angeles who solves crimes and deals with social issues of the time . Over the eight seasons of the series , 148 episodes were produced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ec5fe6cd25bf6e5e12e9972dbd9f48", "text": "Factual film Factual film may refer to : Historical film Biographical film , a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people Film based on a true story Documentary film , a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1464fb0c13fc39a3f203f6fc582d6c1", "text": "Close to the Edge (TV series) Close to the Edge is a British structured reality television show that started airing on BBC Four in September 2015 . The show follows a group of pensioners from Bournemouth , with many scenes being improvised . It has drawn comparisons with Made in Chelsea and The Only Way is Essex which follow a similar format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "592511220b489c341b9593d9f6547c41", "text": "John Amos John A. Amos , Jr. ( born December 27 , 1939 ) is an American actor who is best known for his role as James Evans , Sr. on the CBS television series Good Times ( 1974 -- 76 ) . Amos ' other television work includes roles in The Mary Tyler Moore Show , the miniseries Roots , for which he received an Emmy nomination , and a recurring role as Admiral Percy Fitzwallace on The West Wing . Amos also played the father of Will Smith 's character 's girlfriend , Lisa Wilkes , in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , and he had a recurring role on In the House with LL Cool J , as Coach Sam Wilson . Amos played the Father of Tommy Strawn ( Thomas Mikal Ford ) on the long running sitcom , Martin , as Sgt. Strawn , and another recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Chelsea 's dad 's new lover . Amos also played Major Grant , the US Special forces officer in Die Hard 2 . Amos has also appeared on Broadway and in numerous films in a career that spans four decades . He has received nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and NAACP Image Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1eb1c24a46e70184580b0025acf62c4f", "text": "Alaska Wing Men Alaska Wing Men is an American documentary television series on the National Geographic Channel . The show primarily follows the daily lives of bush pilots that fly to and from various small rural villages throughout Alaska . The series premiered on January 10 , 2011 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
df7e746ece793e43612be2b0e4e7a3af	Paul Bettany and Jennifer Connelly have two children.	[ { "docid": "483406042000776d0bc1891c63c96ccc", "text": "Paul Bettany Paul Bettany ( born 27 May 1971 ) is an English actor . He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , specifically the films Iron Man ( 2008 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) , and Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , in which he also portrayed the Vision , in the Marvel Cinematic Universe for which he garnered praise . He reprised his role as the Vision in Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) . He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 ( 2000 ) , and director Brian Helgeland 's film A Knight 's Tale ( 2001 ) . He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films , including A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World ( 2003 ) , Dogville ( 2003 ) , Wimbledon ( 2004 ) , and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code ( 2006 ) . He has been nominated for various awards , including BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . Bettany is married to American actress Jennifer Connelly , with whom he has two children . His most commercially successful films have been The Avengers , which grossed over US$ 1.5 billion , its sequel Avengers : Age of Ultron , which grossed over $ 1.4 billion , Iron Man 3 , which grossed over US$ 1.2 billion , Captain America : Civil War , which grossed over US$ 1.1 billion , and The Da Vinci Code , which grossed US$ 758 million .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c58e28f4c8a495de444ac9ec177da28e", "text": "James Pearse Connelly James Pearse Connelly is a Primetime Emmy Award-winner , production designer , art director , and set decorator . Notable projects include NBC 's The Voice and Bravo 's Top Chef , as well as critically acclaimed feature film The Kids Are All Right .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76ad45b1b8b3d19c1ea42ff4b9f401a8", "text": "Ariyon Bakare Ariyon Debo Bakare ( born 1971 ) is an English-Nigerian actor , known for his role in the BBC mini-series A Respectable Trade ( 1995 ) . He also starred in the British soap opera Family Affairs from 2000 to 2001 , and the BBC One daytime drama Doctors from 2001 to 2005 . Prior to this , Bakare guested on British dramas The Bill , Casualty , and Holby City . He has starred alongside Paul Bettany in Ross Kettle 's film After the Rain , and with Nia Long and Colin Firth in The Secret Laughter of Women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "891251c304601a58a2b2dbcdedf63517", "text": "Matthew Connelly Matthew Connelly is an American professor of international and global history at Columbia University in the city of New York . His areas of expertise include the global Cold War , official secrecy , population control , and decolonization . He is the author of Fatal Misconception : The Struggle to Control World Population , A Diplomatic Revolution : Algeria 's Fight for Independence and the Origins of the Post-Cold War Era , and articles on international and domestic politics for The Atlantic Monthly , The New York Times , and The National Interest . Connelly is also the founder and principal investigator of History Lab .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62f7ed2429badbffbefe64ac65fcf4cf", "text": "Patricia Arquette Patricia Arquette ( born April 8 , 1968 ) is an American actress . She made her film debut in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 : Dream Warriors ( 1987 ) at the age of eighteen . Her notable films include Tony Scott 's True Romance ( 1993 ) , Tim Burton 's Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , David O. Russell 's Flirting with Disaster ( 1996 ) , David Lynch 's Lost Highway ( 1997 ) , Stephen Frears 's The Hi-Lo Country ( 1998 ) , Martin Scorsese 's Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) , and Andrew Davis 's Holes ( 2003 ) . For her performance in Richard Linklater 's Boyhood ( 2014 ) , which was filmed from 2002 until 2014 , she received widespread critical praise and won the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critics ' Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Independent Spirit Award , and SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress . Arquette 's Academy Award acceptance speech , which she used to bring female wage inequality to attention , received widespread news coverage . On television , she played the character Allison DuBois -- based on the author and medium Allison DuBois , who claims to have psychic abilities -- in the supernatural drama series Medium ( 2005 -- 11 ) . She received three Golden Globe nominations and two Emmy Award nominations , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama in 2005 . Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan , the Deputy Director of the FBI , starring in CSI : Cyber ( 2015 -- 16 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a3a5308cb853c2a161a1409c98bf883", "text": "Supercouple A supercouple or super couple ( also known as a power couple ) is a popular or wealthy pairing that intrigues and fascinates the public in an intense or obsessive fashion . The term originated in the United States , and was coined in the early 1980s when intense public interest in fictional soap opera couple Luke Spencer and Laura Webber , from General Hospital , made the pair a popular culture phenomenon . The term supercouple typically refers to fictional couples from television dramas and film , such as Gone with the Winds Rhett Butler and Scarlett O'Hara . With regard to real-life pairings , tabloids and the mainstream media have focused on wealthy or popular celebrity couples , and have titled them supercouples or power couples . Examples are the former pairing of Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez ( which became known by the portmanteau `` Bennifer '' ) , and the former relationship of Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie ( `` Brangelina '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75e0e5c9f6ee80034e7497c736ead2d7", "text": "Jilly Kitzinger Jilly Kitzinger is a fictional character in the science fiction series Torchwood , portrayed by American actress Lauren Ambrose . The character was promoted as one of five new main characters to join Torchwood in its fourth series , Torchwood : Miracle Day ( 2011 ) , as part of a new co-production between Torchwoods British network , BBC One , and its American financiers on US premium television network Starz . Ambrose appears in seven of the ten episodes , and is credited as a `` special guest star '' throughout . Whilst reaction to the serial was mixed , Ambrose ' portrayal was often singled out by critics for particular praise and in 2012 she received a Saturn Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress on Television . Miracle Day depicts the effects of an event which halts the process of death worldwide . Jilly Kitzinger is a public relations expert who sees this phenomenon , labelled `` Miracle Day '' by the media , as an opportunity she can use to further her career . Early in the series she becomes a representative for the paedophile-murderer Oswald Danes ( Bill Pullman ) which gains both parties publicity ; however Kitzinger has little personal sympathy with her client and abandons him when she no longer needs him . Towards the end of the series she affiliates herself with ` the Families ' , the main villains behind the supernatural event of ` Miracle Day ' and her own personal view of the world becomes apparent . Though those she works for are defeated in the series finale , it is revealed that Jilly has survived , leaving the character 's future uncertain . The character is used by the production team to provide commentary on mass-media ; she is ostensibly first and foremost concerned with profiting from global events . Jilly is also used as a foil to the contemptible Oswald Danes ; during the series each uses the other for their own ends . Whilst she was promoted as having a `` heart of stone '' and described by critics as a `` bad-girl '' and `` amoral '' , Ambrose stated that the character also had positive characteristics . Series writer Jane Espenson felt the character to be partly defined by her `` ego '' and `` self-delusion '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3223df9b0559d650b1d26841144f7ba4", "text": "Katherine Connella Katherine Connella ( born December 12 , 1958 in Dallas , Texas ) is an American actress and writer . She had a variety of acting roles from 1976 until 2001 . Connella wrote an autobiography , Sugar and Spice and Puppy Dog Tails : Growing Up Intersexed in 2000 . The initial idea for the screenplay of the 2005 film Transamerica occurred in conversations between Connella and her then-roommate screenwriter/director Duncan Tucker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb2dad83246a714cdbb504dad9c595a8", "text": "Simon Fields Simon Fields is a native of London and received his education at Stowe School . After graduation , he worked his way through the television commercial production ranks in London to become production manager for the Moving Picture Company . In 1978 , Fields became a producer for Jon Roseman Productions and moved to L.A. within a year to join its U.S. division . He , producer Paul Flattery and director Bruce Gowers . soon left to form Gowers , Fields , Flattery . In 1982 , Gowers Fields Flattery started representing director Steve Barron , of the UK company Limelight in the U.S. . In 1983 Fields left Gowers , Fields , Flattery with Barron to form the US version of Limelight , a company focused on music video , commercial and feature film production , with operations in Los Angeles and London . As president and CEO , Fields oversaw a television commercial division whose accounts included Calvin Klein , Nike and Budweiser , as well as producing the feature film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . Limelight also became distinguished as a leader in music video production , working on projects with Michael Jackson , Madonna , Prince , Peter Gabriel , A-ha , David Bowie and others . Toward the end of his twelve-year tenure with Limelight , Fields teamed with director Peter Chelsom in developing and producing feature films . Together they shepherded the Ned Beatty romantic comedy Hear My Song , the Buena Vista distributed Funny Bones starring Oliver Platt and Jerry Lewis ( which earned Fields and Chelsom a London Critics Circle Film Award for British Producer of the Year ) , The Mighty starring Elden Henson , Kieran Culkin and Sharon Stone , Miramax 's romantic comedy Serendipity starring John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale , and the romantic comedy Shall We Dance , starring Richard Gere , Susan Sarandon and Jennifer Lopez . Through Nuyorican , Fields has produced several feature films and served as Executive Producer on many television productions : The crime drama Bordertown , starring Jennifer Lopez and Antonio Banderas , the Picture House release of El Cantante , the story of salsa pioneer Hector Lavoe , starring Lopez and Marc Anthony , and the Sony Pictures release of Feel the Noise , a drama set in New York & Puerto Rico . The company has also produced Dancelife , a dance competition reality series for MTV . Nuyorican also has non-scripted/reality division , and had its first series South Beach Tow premiere on TruTV in July 2011 . Simon Fields currently resides in Los Angeles with his wife Melanie and two children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70b837b317c3ed877d152c94544c7d6b", "text": "Chris Orbach Christopher Ben `` Chris '' Orbach ( born November 11 , 1968 ) is an actor , singer-songwriter , and voice actor who is the youngest son of late Law & Order star Jerry Orbach and his first wife , Marta Curro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19ef529f53820f064aecf13c729e7cdb", "text": "McHenry Brothers The McHenry Brothers are Edward Alexander McHenry ( born August 25 , 1983 ) and Rory Patrick McHenry ( born 14 July 1987 ) , siblings known professionally as the McHenry Brothers , are award winning British film directors and screen writers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a40a445e7b8f31d68bce2a4c1621090", "text": "Paul Simon in Concert: Live Rhymin' Paul Simon in Concert : Live Rhymin ' is an album by Paul Simon , released in March 1974 by Columbia Records . It was recorded in the wake of the release of There Goes Rhymin ' Simon -- which produced a number of hit singles ( `` Kodachrome '' and `` Loves Me Like a Rock '' ) and radio staples ( as `` Something So Right '' and `` Take Me to the Mardi Gras '' ) during Simon 's 1973-74 tour , at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum , New York , July 10th , 1973 . However , the album presents a very truncated version of the concerts he performed on this tour , which consisted of up to 24 songs . The album fails to note where the performances were recorded , although according to liner notes in a later Simon compilation , `` Duncan '' is from a London concert and `` American Tune '' was recorded in New York City . Simon was joined by Urubamba and the Jessy Dixon Singers , although the individual members are not identified either on the recording or on the liner notes . In addition to `` Jesus Is the Answer '' , included on the album , Jessy Dixon also performed `` What Do They Call Him '' on tour , while Urubamba performed the instrumentals `` Kacharpari '' and `` Death in Santa Cruz '' . The album was Simon 's first live release and showed him performing Simon & Garfunkel songs solo in concert for the first time . The variety of songs and richness of styles helped with the album 's appeal . Most notable was Simon 's fascination with gospel , something that materialized in the arrangements on many of the songs , taking distance from Simon 's classical folk early style . Near the end of the album , an audience member calls out for Simon to `` say a few words . '' He replies : `` Say a few words ? Well , let 's hope that we continue to live . '' The album was a moderate success . It reached # 33 in the U.S. and was eventually certified gold by the RIAA . However , it failed to chart at all in the UK . Further , two of the live performances were released as a single as part of the promotion for the album : the breakthrough Simon & Garfunkel `` The Sound of Silence '' as the A-side , along with Simon 's debut single `` Mother and Child Reunion '' on the B-side .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3d7899c8383badf7f51c0f2dc630468", "text": "Jennifer Eccles `` Jennifer Eccles '' is a 1968 single by the Hollies . It was released with the B-side Open Up Your Eyes on the Parlophone label , Catalogue number R5680 . The song reached # 7 on the UK singles chart in March 1968 . Around the same time , it was released in the US with a different B-side , `` Try It '' , and reached # 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The song was written by members of the band with input from their wives after criticism of ` King Midas in Reverse ' and was a return to the popular format that had been commercially successful though not necessarily lyrically sophisticated . Jennifer Eccles ( who had `` terrible freckles '' ) also features in the song `` Lily the Pink '' by The Scaffold ; the reference is an in-joke , as Graham Nash , who had by now left the Hollies , sang backing vocals on this recording ; Nash had been married to Rose Eccles from 1964 until 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7857cf9768ff317f8d4c517ab2b4b13", "text": "America: A Tribute to Heroes America : A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks ; Fox , ABC , NBC and CBS . Joel Gallen was selected by them to produce and run the show . Actor George Clooney organized celebrities to perform and to staff the telephone bank . The marketing and public relations was headed by Warner Bros. . EVP Corp Comm with assistance from the marketing and publicity departments of all four broadcast networks . It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 . Done in the style of a telethon , it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families , particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers . It aired September 21 , 2001 , uninterrupted and commercial-free , for which it won a Peabody Award . It was released on December 4 , 2001 , on compact disc and DVD . On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles , twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope , while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages . The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles ( CBS Television City ) , New York , and London , while the celebrity messages took place at Los Angeles . Some of the musicians including Neil Young and Eddie Vedder were heard working the phone banks taking pledges . The money raised amounted to over $ 200 million , and was given to the United Way 's September 11 Telethon Fund . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine selected this concert , along with the later The Concert for New York City , as one of the 50 moments that changed rock and roll . The show was also simulcast in Canada ; Young and another Canadian singer , Celine Dion , performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb", "text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94", "text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f01b199ae040e953d0947e197044bd5e", "text": "Kerry Film Festival The Kerry Film Festival is an annual music film festival in County Kerry , Republic of Ireland , taking place in October . The Kerry Film Festival is funded by Kerry County Council , Fáilte Ireland , the Ireland Funds as well as having corporate sponsorship . Kerry Film Festival was established in 2000 but remained a small regional festival throughout its first years , with a mere 1,700 attendees at the 2006 festival . Then , in 2007 , the festival exploded becoming the fastest growing festival in all of Ireland , with audiences increasing by nearly 600 % from 2006 to 2011 when its audience topped 10,000 for the first time . The main feature of the festival is a short film competition which focuses on young filmmakers . Past adjudicators of the Kerry Film Festival Short Film Competition have included Jeremy Irons , Liam Neeson , Michael Fassbender and Gabriel Byrne . The festival also screens feature films . In 2008 Kerry Film Festival instigated the Maureen O'Hara Award for women that have excelled in film and Brenda Fricker was the inaugural recipient . The award was presented to her by Jim Sheridan , who directed her in the Oscar-winning My Left Foot ( 1989 ) . In 2009 the award was presented to Rebecca Miller who was in Kerry to pick up the award with her husband , Daniel Day-Lewis at a ceremony with Dave Fanning as MC . In 2010 Maureen O'Hara attended the festival and presented the award in person to Juliette Binoche Fionnula Flanagan picked up the award in 2011 while Saoirse Ronan won the award in 2012 . KFF has previously featured successful short films such as the Oscar short-listed animation Head over Heels in 2012 , the 2014 Oscar winner Mr. Hublot and in 2015 the highly acclaimed Academy Award winner S t u t t e r e r by Ben Cleary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8418484cc557ad3cab72f5308ec6517", "text": "June and Jennifer Gibbons June and Jennifer Gibbons ( born 11 April 1963 ; Jennifer died March 1993 ) were identical twins who grew up in Wales . They became known as `` The Silent Twins '' since they only communicated with each other . They began writing works of fiction but turned to crime when they started experiencing criminality tendencies . Both women were admitted to Broadmoor Hospital where they were held for 14 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "642b8e634a5545adbea9ed34b1da2859", "text": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack) A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album , on the Decca Records label , of the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe , Jennifer Connelly ( who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as `` Alicia Nash '' ) , Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany . The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner . The album garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score . Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well , but believed it to be similar to several of Horner 's previous films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4049594a4b62dc727ad38b1d676ab024", "text": "Bless the Beasts and Children (song) `` Bless the Beasts and Children '' is the theme song to the 1971 eponymous film and was performed by The Carpenters . It was featured on the B-side to their hit , `` Superstar '' . The B-side charted on the Billboard Hot 100 , eventually topping out at # 67 . In order to promote it , The Carpenters performed it on their television series , Make Your Own Kind of Music as `` F '' for `` Film Music '' . It was nominated for a 1972 Academy Award for Best Song , but it lost to Isaac Hayes ' `` Theme from Shaft '' . The original soundtrack included two different versions of `` Bless the Beasts and Children '' , the other being an orchestral instrumental arrangement by composers Barry DeVorzon and Perry Botkin , Jr. , and the original `` Nadia 's Theme '' , which was listed as `` Cotton 's Dream '' . `` Cotton 's Dream '' was also used as the theme song to the 1973 soap opera , The Young and the Restless , and later `` Bless the Beasts and Children '' was used when David Hasselhoff 's character , Dr. `` Snapper '' Foster , had to say goodbye to his son in a powerful 1982 episode of the series . The song was originally released on the original soundtrack , and a slightly different version was released on the Carpenters ' 1972 LP , A Song for You on June 13 , 1972 . The original soundtrack had a vibraphone playing the melody in the introduction , while the A Song for You version , released on the single , contained an oboe stating the melody . The two versions ( soundtrack and album versions ) faded out toward the end , but in 1985 , Richard Carpenter re-mixed the song so it does not fade out in the end . He also added a harder bass-line .", "title": "" } ]	fever
97c928bfa99363004469344cb88b89c1	Elvis was directed by Steve Binder.	[ { "docid": "f8eec298c9ad38ffce901b9f41010659", "text": "Elvis (1968 TV program) Elvis , starring Elvis Presley , is a United States television special that aired on December 3 , 1968 on the NBC television network . The special is commonly referred to as the 68 Comeback Special , because of subsequent developments in Presley 's career . It was directed by Steve Binder and produced by Binder and Bones Howe . Music from the special was released before the broadcast , on the album Elvis ( NBC TV Special ) . Presley 's informal jamming in front of a small audience in the special is regarded as a forerunner of the `` unplugged '' concept , later popularized by MTV .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9fa966953566df5cb4b9afb6f8bc52e1", "text": "Girl Happy Girl Happy is a 1965 American musical romantic comedy and beach party film starring Elvis Presley in his 18th feature . The movie won a fourth place prize Laurel Award in the category Top Musical of 1965 . It featured the song `` Puppet on a String '' , which reached # 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 , # 3 on the Adult Contemporary chart and in Canada , and was certified Gold by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41fa88b2e67839f05e10c4ea7608d446", "text": "Naked Elvis Naked Elvis is a late-night British television quiz show on Channel 4 hosted by Tania Strecker . Two teams of students would answer general knowledge questions . There was a scoremaster dressed as Elvis Presley , who would remove one item of clothing between each round until he was naked .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5887bf4536e3e9d113ecafcf355f517", "text": "Elvis Presley's guitars Elvis Presley 's guitars were a major component of the iconic rock and roll image created by Elvis Presley that revolutionized popular culture in the 1950s and 1960s . It is impossible to gauge the impact of that image on millions of young people around the world who were inspired to learn to play guitar after watching Presley in performance , on television , or in films . Although not known for his abilities as a guitarist , Presley had a profound musical influence on some of the most important rock and roll artists to emerge since the 1950s , including Buddy Holly , John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , Bob Dylan , and Bruce Springsteen . The extent of Presley 's impact on their lives and music is captured in John Lennon 's famous quote : `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' According to his first lead guitarist , Scotty Moore , Presley was not `` an accomplished musician '' , yet he possessed `` an uncanny and amazing sense of timing and rhythm . '' In the early years of his career , Presley 's rhythm guitar accompaniment played a major role in the sound of his early performances and recordings . Moore noted that as Presley began to learn to move on stage and to work the audience with his physical performance , his guitar became more of a `` prop '' . Presley was not known to treat his instruments in a gentle manner . His very aggressive strumming style would frequently break strings during his performances . The lack of a microphone on his guitar throughout those years contributed to the development of his `` aggressive style in attempt to be heard '' . As his career progressed , he became even more aggressive toward his instruments , frequently tossing his guitar to Charlie Hodge , who sometimes failed to catch it . The impact of the large belt buckles and jewelry he wore left their marks on most of his instruments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23a544708ce8f0f42ad4906b5c41fbf2", "text": "One-sided Love Affair `` One Sided Love Affair '' ( or `` One-sided Love Affair '' ) is a song by Elvis Presley from his 1956 debut album Elvis Presley . Later , in August in the same year ( 1956 ) it was also released as a single , with `` Money Honey '' on the flip side .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62d6bf59f03e61930ea5ed648418cecd", "text": "Him (play) Him is a 1995 play written by actor Christopher Walken , who also took the lead role and which debuted in the New York Shakespeare Festival . It revolved around the afterlife of Elvis Presley , the singer who , as the author himself turned 15 , became his first idol . The play , Walken 's first venture into playwriting , adopts a surreal tone , and is replete with references to aspects of Presley 's life , as well as to other pieces of theatre , including Hamlet and those of Tennessee Williams . While it enjoyed some positive comments , it was largely panned by the critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88233e6cd0225b72b75e55e4f10c1350", "text": "The Lonely Guy The Lonely Guy is a 1984 American romantic comedy film directed by Arthur Hiller and starring Steve Martin . The screenplay is credited to Ed . Weinberger and Stan Daniels ( of Taxi ) as well as Neil Simon ( for `` adaptation '' ) , and is based on the 1978 book The Lonely Guy 's Book of Life by Bruce Jay Friedman . Martin portrays a greeting card writer who goes through a period of bad luck with women . In his despair , he writes a book titled A Guide for the Lonely Guy , which changes his life . The film also stars Charles Grodin , Judith Ivey , and Steve Lawrence and features cameo appearances from Merv Griffin , Dr. Joyce Brothers , and Loni Anderson . The theme song , `` Love Comes Without Warning , '' was performed by the band America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "712f65bfe64239f614d79aec32106faa", "text": "When I Was Cruel When I Was Cruel is Elvis Costello 's 19th album , recorded in 2001 and 2002 and released in the US by Island Records on 23 April 2002 . The album includes the hits `` 45 '' and `` 15 Petals '' . Although formally credited as solo Costello album , this was the first album to feature his new band , The Imposters . Their only difference from his previous band , The Attractions ( active 1978-87 , and 1994 -- 96 ) , was the replacement of bassist Bruce Thomas , with whom Costello had feuded , with Davey Faragher ( formerly of Cracker ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c514014bd4da9b37a0ee56382c1311", "text": "Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s . Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records . In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman . In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr . In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4d67550f96b4879c2db2c62679417b", "text": "Sam Golzari Sam Golzari ( سام گلزاری born 12 July 1979 ) is a British actor of Iranian descent active in the United States . He is known for his debut role in American Dreamz . Golzari was born in Hammersmith , London , England , to parents of Persian origin . He received his BA from UCLA in 2003 , where he worked in the Conservatory Acting Program . Golzari got his start at the age of four as a Michael Jackson impersonator . Besides his work at UCLA , Golzari has also been a lab member of the Latino Theater Company under Jose Luis Valenzuela . Golzari 's plans were to stay in the theater , but while at college he started working on student films . It was there that he began to find a love for the craft of filmmaking . His short film The Break won an award for the `` best ensemble cast '' at the Method Fest film festival . After this , he got his TV debut when the Showtime network aired his film The Invisible Man , directed by UCLA film student Angela Mrema . After college graduation , Golzari landed the first Hollywood film for which he auditioned , American Dreamz . In the film he stars alongside Hugh Grant , Mandy Moore and Dennis Quaid . Since that film , he plays the role of Kameron in the film 21 alongside Jim Sturgess and Kevin Spacey . He has also worked with Tony Shalhoub on the film AmericanEast , as well as an all-improv mockumentary , Juan Francis : Live , produced by Norman Lear . Golzari is also a founding member of the LA-based band the Elevaters , who have released a self-titled EP as well as a full-length album entitled `` Rising . '' He has also appeared in 2016 American film , Jimmy Vestvood : Amerikan Hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09aced6cb629490779a3a43b90335586", "text": "Goodbye Priscilla (Bye Bye Baby Blue) `` Goodbye Priscilla ( Bye Bye Baby Blue ) '' is a song written by Deanna Summers , David Saxton and Ben Shaw . It was published by Silicon Music , BMI in 1977 and first recorded by Gene Summers that same year . The song was initially released by Tear Drop Records as a one-sided , promotional , single and later re-issued with `` World Of Illusion '' as the flip side ( #TD 3405 ) . `` Goodbye Priscilla '' was written as a tribute to Elvis and Priscilla Presley . The `` Goodbye Priscilla '' 45 is now a much-sought-after collectible and has been issued on several Elvis `` tribute '' compilation albums and CDs . When `` Goodbye Priscilla ( Bye Bye Baby Blue ) '' was first released there was a controversy about which Priscilla it was written for : Priscilla Presley , or Priscilla Davis , wife of T. Cullen Davis and central figure in the T. Cullen Davis murder trials . In his book Blood Will Tell : The Murder Trials Of Cullen Davis author Gary Cartwright credited the song ( page 199 ) as referring to Priscilla Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23e88933f81385a3d656cd79c04b8124", "text": "Bubba Ho-Tep (novella) Bubba Ho-Tep is a 1994 alternate history novella by American author Joe R. Lansdale . It was first published on August 1 , 1994 in the Elvis Presley themed anthology The King is Dead and has since been re-published in various formats . A film adaptation by the same name was released in 2002 and starred Bruce Campbell as the lead character of Elvis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e80acbb54bb3bda17ea822acb473320b", "text": "Trust (Elvis Costello album) Trust is an album by Elvis Costello and the Attractions . It is Costello 's fifth album , and fourth with the Attractions . It was also his fifth consecutive album produced by Nick Lowe , who handled production on all songs except `` Big Sister 's Clothes '' ( which the liner notes make clear by stating that Lowe was `` not to blame '' for it ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65718582f62dd18f1c2a561a825bc88e", "text": "Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable . After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour . More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part : `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . '' On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce292faf39d701061a419808fdf66664", "text": "Elvis (name) Elvis is a given name . It is an anglicisation of the Irish name of Saint Ailbe . However , Ailbe may itself be a gaelicisation of an Ancient British name such as Eilfyw or Eilfw , and the saint was also a popular figure in medieval Wales , where he was claimed to be of Ancient British descent . The earlier meaning of Ailbe is uncertain ; it may have been understood in the Middle Ages to derive from Irish ail , ` rock ' , but this is unlikely to have been its historical meaning . In internet sources , the name is widely claimed to derive from Old English Eall-wīs , meaning `` all-wise '' , but the development of w > v would be irregular and the name is not , in any case , attested in Anglo-Saxon sources ; it is possible that this claim is inspired by the existence of the Old Norse mythological name Alvíss . Other alternative etymologies have been proposed for the name , including that it is derived from the surname Elwes , and that it is related to the Welsh name Alwyn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e557a89cb451437b263d4ba98a9809d9", "text": "Too Much (Elvis Presley song) `` Too Much '' is a # 1 song recorded in a hit version by Elvis Presley and published by Elvis Presley Music in 1956 . It was written by Bernard Weinman and Lee Rosenberg . It was first recorded in 1954 by Bernard Hardison on Republic Records . Elvis Presley recorded the song in September 1956 and first performed it on January 6 , 1957 on CBS-TV 's `` The Ed Sullivan Show . '' Released as a single , Presley 's `` Too Much '' reached number one on both the Cashbox and Billboard sales charts and went to number three on the R&B chart . The single peaked at number two on the then-named Top 100 chart , the main Billboard pop chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "145575da1f08c1d16d24368e69e549eb", "text": "Felsted Records Felsted Records was the name of two record labels . The UK version began as a subsidiary of Decca Records in July 1954 , with music mainly in the jazz and dance band genres and recordings leased from the French Blue Star , Riviera and Classique labels . The label took its name from the village where Sir Edward Lewis , the head of UK Decca , lived . The British label 's only release of note was `` Smokie '' , the first single by Bill Black 's Combo , Black having been Elvis Presley 's bassist , licensed from Hi Records . Late in 1957 , Felsted Records US opened operating from London Records ' office in New York and was marketed as a pop label . Releases included Kathy Linden 's `` Billy '' and `` Goodbye Jimmy , Goodbye '' ; Jimmy Wisner 's 1961 instrumental `` Asia Minor '' , credited to `` Kokomo , his Piano and Orchestra , on the London label in the UK ; and the Flares ' 1961 release `` Foot Stompin ' Part 1 '' , which hit # 20 on the Black Singles chart and # 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 In 1958 Felsted was reinstated in the UK leasing US material contracted through its US office . Neither label had much commercial success ; the UK label was closed in 1964 and its roster transferred to London Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a153ec3733aea6352927802e8e83f5c", "text": "Smother (film) Smother is a 2008 comedy film starring Diane Keaton as a mother who is over-attached to her adult son . The movie is directed and co-written by Vince Di Meglio . The movie aired on Lifetime in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbcae671c7f42b61e9f9ffbf50eadc1d", "text": "I'm Leavin' (Elvis Presley song) `` I 'm Leavin ' '' is a 1971 song by Elvis Presley . It was written by Sonny Charles and Michael Jarrett . The song was originally released in 1971 as a single , with `` Heart of Rome '' ( from the album Love Letters from Elvis ) on the B-side . In the United States `` I 'm Leavin ' '' reached number 36 on Billboard Hot 100 for the week of August 21 , 1971 . In the UK Singles Chart , it reached number 23 for the week of October 2 , 1971 . Later `` I 'm Leavin ' '' was included in the 1980 box set Elvis Aron Presley ( on the record 8 titled `` Lost Singles '' ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
769b3afc1fb24f7358b790c9fc5a03a1	Thomas Pynchon published short stories in the early 1960s.	[ { "docid": "c9ff230c40cbadf9b5240af1ea142fb7", "text": "Thomas Pynchon Thomas Ruggles Pynchon , Jr. ( -LSB- ˈpɪnˌtʃɒn -RSB- , commonly -LSB- ˈpɪntʃən -RSB- born May 8 , 1937 ) is an American novelist . A MacArthur Fellow , he is noted for his dense and complex novels . His fiction and non-fiction writings encompass a vast array of subject matter , genres and themes , including history , music , science , and mathematics . For Gravity 's Rainbow , Pynchon won the 1974 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction . Hailing from Long Island , Pynchon served two years in the United States Navy and earned an English degree from Cornell University . After publishing several short stories in the late 1950s and early 1960s , he began composing the novels for which he is best known : V. ( 1963 ) , The Crying of Lot 49 ( 1966 ) , Gravity 's Rainbow ( 1973 ) , and Mason & Dixon ( 1997 ) . Pynchon is also notoriously reclusive ; very few photographs of him have ever been published , and rumors about his location and identity have circulated since the 1960s . Pynchon 's most recent novel , Bleeding Edge , was published on September 17 , 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9d5f20bd463260f19b73e74012ae875a", "text": "Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever . As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States . As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . '' Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre . Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) . Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8baf42e15306a77d3f37f7dd57e9f76e", "text": "Hot Corn Hot Corn : Life Scenes in New York Illustrated is a collection of short stories by Solon Robinson about the life of the poor in New York City , and was a `` runaway bestseller '' when first published in the United States in early 1854 . Along with songs and plays based on the book 's stories , which were first published in the New York Tribune , Hot Corn enjoyed a brief frenzy of popularity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9899176531546abcb014dbe388d9f88e", "text": "An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings . Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful . Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b6b6cfe7461118133808783bc1106b", "text": "The Saint to the Rescue The Saint to the Rescue is a collection of short stories by Leslie Charteris , first published in 1959 by The Crime Club in the United States . The first British edition by Hodder and Stoughton was not published until 1961 . This was the 34th book to feature the adventures of Simon Templar , alias `` The Saint '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f74c3463f8cacb132ba746d3bf5fae4", "text": "Astonishing Stories Astonishing Stories was an American pulp science fiction magazine , published by Popular Publications between 1940 and 1943 . It was founded under Popular 's `` Fictioneers '' imprint , which paid lower rates than Popular 's other magazines . The magazine 's first editor was Frederik Pohl , who also edited a companion publication , Super Science Stories . After nine issues Pohl was replaced by Alden H. Norton , who subsequently rehired Pohl as an assistant . The budget for Astonishing was very low , which made it difficult to acquire good fiction , but through his membership in the Futurians , a group of young science fiction fans and aspiring writers , Pohl was able to find material to fill the early issues . The magazine was successful , and Pohl was able to increase his pay rates slightly within a year . He managed to obtain stories by writers who subsequently became very well known , such as Isaac Asimov and Robert Heinlein . After Pohl entered the army in early 1943 , wartime paper shortages led Popular to cease publication of Astonishing . The final issue was dated April of that year . The magazine was never regarded as one of the leading titles of the genre , but despite the low budget it published some well-received material . Science fiction critic Peter Nicholls comments that `` its stories were surprisingly good considering how little was paid for them '' , and this view has been echoed by other historians of the field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ebb8647c30f2321ce84ddd31c8f350", "text": "The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' . Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea286adf63851a682f85b3743daf35c2", "text": "The Wild North (short story collection) The Wild North is a 1960 book by Ion Idriess . It is a collection of 24 short stories and sketches about Cape York , some of which were written early in Idriess ' career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b2924b96fcf0bd2e032636000026852", "text": "The Early Ayn Rand The Early Ayn Rand : A Selection from Her Unpublished Fiction is an anthology of unpublished early fiction written by Ayn Rand , first published in 1984 , two years after her death . The selections include short stories , plays , and excerpts of material cut from her novels We the Living and The Fountainhead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfccf74aa9318b613d7c94e07f0e785f", "text": "For a Breath I Tarry `` For a Breath I Tarry '' is a highly regarded 1966 post-apocalyptic novelette by Roger Zelazny . Taking place long after the self-extinction of Man , it recounts the tale of Frost , a sentient machine ( '' ... a silver-blue box , 40x40x40 feet , ... featured in whatever manner he chose . '' ) Though Man has disappeared , his robotic creations ( and their creations in turn ) continue to function . For ten thousand years Frost sat at the North Pole of the Earth , aware of every snowflake that fell . He monitored and directed the activities of thousands of reconstruction and maintenance machines . He knew half the Earth , as gear knows gear , as electricity knows its conductor , as a vacuum knows its limits . At the South Pole , the Beta-Machine did the same for the southern hemisphere . Along the way , the story explores the differences between Man and Machine , the former experiencing the world qualitatively , while the latter do so quantitatively . `` A machine is a Man turned inside-out , because it can describe all the details of a process , which a Man can not , but it can not experience that process itself as a Man can . '' This is illustrated by a conversation Frost has with another machine named Mordel . `` Regard this piece of ice , mighty Frost . You can tell me its composition , dimensions , weight , temperature . A Man could not look at it and do that . A Man could make tools which would tell Him these things , but He still would not know measurement as you know it . What He would know of it , though , is a thing that you can not know . '' `` What is that ? '' `` That it is cold . '' Driving the plot and setting its tone are allusions to other literature , most specifically the first chapter of the Book of Job , both in situation and language , as verses are both quoted directly and paraphrased . Additionally , echoes of the first three chapters of the Book of Genesis appear . Finally , Frost and Mordel enter into a Faustian bargain , with , however , better results than in the original . The novelette has appeared in collections of Zelazny 's works and in anthologies . The title is from a phrase in A. E. Housman 's collection A Shropshire Lad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6943902f6ebfd32e0cca0876999d1028", "text": "Jerome Charyn Jerome Charyn ( born May 13 , 1937 ) is an American author . With nearly 50 published works over a 50-year span , Charyn has a long-standing reputation as an inventive and prolific chronicler of real and imagined American life . Michael Chabon calls him `` one of the most important writers in American literature . '' New York Newsday hailed Charyn as `` a contemporary American Balzac , '' and the Los Angeles Times described him as `` absolutely unique among American writers . '' Charyn 's first novel , Once Upon a Droshky was published in 1964 . Only with Blue Eyes ( 1975 ) , the debut of detective character Isaac Sidel , did Charyn vault to wide attention and acclaim . As of 2017 , Charyn has published 37 novels , three memoirs , nine graphic novels , two books about film , short stories , plays and works of non-fiction . Two of his memoirs were named New York Times Book of the Year . Charyn has been a finalist for the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction . Charyn was awarded a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship in Fiction , 1983 . He received the Rosenthal Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and has been named Commander of Arts and Letter ( Ordre des Arts et des Lettres ) by the French Minister of Culture . Charyn was Distinguished Professor of Film Studies at the American University of Paris until 2009 , when he retired from teaching . In addition to his writing and teaching , Charyn is a tournament table tennis player , once ranked in the top 10 percent of players in France . Noted novelist Don DeLillo called Charyn 's book on table tennis , Sizzling Chops & Devilish Spins , `` The Sun Also Rises of ping-pong . '' Charyn lives in Paris and New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1a95a025bca6a2cbdeaab1fd93892a0", "text": "There Is Such a Lad There Is Such a Lad ( -LSB- Живёт такой парень , Zhivyot takoy paren -RSB- ) is a 1964 Soviet comedy film , directed by Vasily Shukshin . The movie is based on Vasily Shukshin 's collection of short stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6331ab507e97178a58ffd8ae8f5d5b57", "text": "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock `` The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock '' , commonly known as `` Prufrock '' , is the first professionally published poem by American-British poet T. S. Eliot ( 1888 -- 1965 ) . Eliot began writing `` Prufrock '' in February 1910 , and it was first published in the June 1915 issue of Poetry : A Magazine of Verse at the instigation of Ezra Pound ( 1885 -- 1972 ) . It was later printed as part of a twelve-poem pamphlet ( or chapbook ) titled Prufrock and Other Observations in 1917 . At the time of its publication , Prufrock was considered outlandish , but is now seen as heralding a paradigmatic cultural shift from late 19th-century Romantic verse and Georgian lyrics to Modernism . The poem 's structure was heavily influenced by Eliot 's extensive reading of Dante Alighieri and makes several references to the Bible and other literary works -- including William Shakespeare 's plays Henry IV Part II , Twelfth Night , and Hamlet , the poetry of seventeenth-century metaphysical poet John Donne , and the nineteenth-century French Symbolists . Eliot narrates the experience of Prufrock using the stream of consciousness technique developed by his fellow Modernist writers . The poem , described as a `` drama of literary anguish '' , is a dramatic interior monologue of an urban man , stricken with feelings of isolation and an incapability for decisive action that is said `` to epitomize frustration and impotence of the modern individual '' and `` represent thwarted desires and modern disillusionment '' . Prufrock laments his physical and intellectual inertia , the lost opportunities in his life and lack of spiritual progress , and he is haunted by reminders of unattained carnal love . With visceral feelings of weariness , regret , embarrassment , longing , emasculation , sexual frustration , a sense of decay , and an awareness of mortality , `` Prufrock '' has become one of the most recognised voices in modern literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9faee208d3f172962df1525addd607c6", "text": "Lessness (short story) `` Lessness '' is a short story by Samuel Beckett originally written in French as `` Sans '' in 1969 , and later translated into English by the author . It was partly inspired by John Cage and the experimental music of the 1960s . The story was included in a book of short stories under the title Friendship launched in 1990 to coincide with the fourth anniversary of the kidnapping in Beirut of the British television journalist John McCarthy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "788f31fec6b80430ef6eddd4e23ba57c", "text": "The Dead Past `` The Dead Past '' is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov , first published in the April 1956 issue of Astounding Science Fiction . It was later collected in Earth Is Room Enough ( 1957 ) and The Best of Isaac Asimov ( 1973 ) , and adapted into an episode of the science-fiction television series Out of the Unknown . Its pattern is that of dystopian fiction , but of a subtly nuanced flavor . It is considered by some people to be one of his best short stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "effdd8407d6d6dc8ceee18c649dc4251", "text": "Nightfall and Other Stories Nightfall and Other Stories ( 1969 ) is an anthology book compiling twenty previously published science fiction short stories by Isaac Asimov . Asimov added a brief introduction to each story , explaining some aspect of the story 's history and/or how it came to be written . The main criteria for inclusion were that they had to be quality stories , but not included before in any anthologies edited by Asimov himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc462c0873dbd6366cfa7982b559c626", "text": "Chiron Review Chiron Review is a literary journal based in St. John , Kansas . It was founded as The Kindred Spirit in February 1982 , by Michael Hathaway shortly after graduating high school and taking a job as typesetter at a local daily newspaper . In March , 1989 , the title was changed to Chiron Review . Jane Hathaway served as assistant editor until her death on Feb. 20 , 2000 at age 63 . In March 1989 , Gerald Locklin became poetry editor and Rafael Zepeda became fiction editor . In September , 2003 , John Brantingham joined the staff as a second editor in fiction . In March , 2008 , Zachary Locklin joined as a second editor in poetry and resigned in 2015 . In 2014 , Wendy Rainey joined the staff as a poetry editor , and Sarah Daugherty as a fiction editor . Chiron Review is printed in tabloid format with photos of featured poets . It is noted for publishing the widest possible range of contemporary creative writing . It is also known for fostering a sense of `` community '' in small press circles . Chiron Review '' 's archives are collected by and housed at Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University . The journal is indexed by Humanities Index International Complete , Averill Park , NY . Issues 18-81 were indexed by Index of American Periodical Verse.Chiron Review '' has published work by authors such as Charles Bukowski , William Stafford ( poet ) , Jan Kerouac , Marge Piercy , James Broughton , Edward Field , Elizabeth Swados , Antler ( poet ) , Richard Kostelanetz , Robert Peters , Leslea Newman , Lyn Lifshin , D.A. Levy , Charles Harper Webb , Erskine Caldwell , Wilma Elizabeth McDaniel , Janice Eidus , Denise Duhamel , Wanda Coleman , Charles Plymell , S.A. Griffin , Harry Northup , Hugh Fox , A.D. Winans , Nilda Cepero , Clifton Snider , Felice Picano , Will Inman , Quentin Crisp , Lorri Jackson , James Valvis and Tony Barnstone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e7d196f02e465b0d7585cf7cc9388fa", "text": "Sixty Stories (book) Sixty Stories collects sixty of Donald Barthelme 's short stories , several of which originally appeared in The New Yorker . The book was first published by G. P. Putnam 's Sons in 1981 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a297c2b44386513773d3ba12041523f", "text": "The Trail of Cthulhu The Trail of Cthulhu is a series of interconnected short stories written by August Derleth as part of the Cthulhu Mythos genre of horror fiction . The stories chronicle the struggles of Laban Shrewsbury and his companions against the Great Old Ones , particularly Cthulhu . The stories were originally published in Weird Tales from 1944 to 1952 , and were republished in collected form as The Trail of Cthulhu by Arkham House in 1962 in an edition of 2,470 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50aaa6de8188e475946fd3c03ff68895", "text": "Tough, Tough Toys for Tough, Tough Boys Tough , Tough Toys for Tough , Tough Boys is a collection of short fiction by English author Will Self first published in hard cover in April 1998 and paperback in March 1999 . The New York Times Book Review said of the collection ... `` Mr. Self 's latest book , Tough , Tough Toys for Tough , Tough Boys represents his most disciplined storytelling yet . The tales in this collection demonstrate a new control and polish , without sacrificing anything in terms of inventiveness or plain weirdness . Like his 1994 novel , My Idea of Fun it attests to Mr. Self 's ability to render even the most bizarre , Twilight Zone-like events with convincing verisimilitude while enthralling -- and often horrifying -- the reader with his scathing , Swiftean humor . '' . '' While the Washington Post considered it in slightly harsher terms ... The dark devices Self relies on still bring gasps of admiration and shock , but for a successful author who has long since navigated the thicket of pubescent self-loathing there is a risk that they also serve a cynical purpose , providing cover for a failure of sustained imagination . Two of these stories , `` Design Faults in the Volvo 760 Turbo : A Manual '' and `` A Story for Europe '' , were also published in a 64-page chapbook , Design Faults in the Volvo 760 Turbo , as part of the 2005 Penguin Books 70th birthday celebration .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bd4bb32c653560bd555245d94ef9f825	Kong: Skull Island involves multiple people.	[ { "docid": "0bd77e6c30955f9fefa87a7024dd4d5c", "text": "Kong: Skull Island Kong : Skull Island is a 2017 American action-adventure monster film directed by Jordan Vogt-Roberts and written by Dan Gilroy , Max Borenstein and Derek Connolly , from a story by John Gatins . The film is a reboot of the King Kong franchise and serves as the second film in Legendary 's MonsterVerse . It stars an ensemble cast consisting of Tom Hiddleston , Samuel L. Jackson , John Goodman , Brie Larson , Jing Tian , Toby Kebbell , John Ortiz , Corey Hawkins , Jason Mitchell , Shea Whigham , Thomas Mann , Terry Notary and John C. Reilly . The film follows a team of scientists and Vietnam War soldiers who travel to an uncharted island in the Pacific and encounter terrifying creatures and the mighty Kong . Principal photography took place from October 2015 to March 2016 in Hawaii and various locations around Vietnam . Kong : Skull Island premiered on February 28 , 2017 , in London and was released in the United States on March 10 , 2017 , in 2D , 3D , IMAX 3D and in Dolby Cinemas . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 565 million worldwide against its $ 185 million budget and making it the fifth highest-grossing film of 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ca1f9de89b5347f1ae70e82c4f7ca0ee", "text": "List of birds of Hong Kong This is a list of the bird species recorded in Hong Kong . The avifauna of Hong Kong include a total of 522 species , of which twenty-three have been introduced by humans . Twenty-nine species are globally threatened . This list 's taxonomic treatment ( designation and sequence of orders , families and species ) and nomenclature ( common and scientific names ) follow the Hong Kong Bird List published by Hong Kong Bird Watching Society . The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy , as do the species counts found in each family account . Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Hong Kong . The following tags have been used to highlight several categories . The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories . ( A ) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Hong Kong ( I ) Introduced - a species introduced to Hong Kong as a consequence , direct or indirect , of human actions __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "395492cf347de468e8b42fafbc9e44c8", "text": "Three wishes joke The three wishes joke is a form of joke in which the protagonist is given three wishes by a supernatural being , and fails to make the best use of them . Common scenarios include releasing a genie from confinement - perhaps finding an old oil lamp and rubbing it ; catching and agreeing to release a mermaid or magical fish ; or crossing paths with the devil . The protagonist of the joke makes their first two wishes and finds that all is well . Often , the third wish is either misinterpreted , or intentionally granted in an awkwardly literal fashion , and can not be reversed because it is the final wish , resulting in the punchline of the joke . Alternatively , the wishes are split between three people , with the last person inadvertently or intentionally messing up or undoing the wishes of the others with their wish to form the punchline . An example of the three wishes joke runs as follows : Three men are stranded on a desert island , when a bottle washes up on the shore . When they uncork the bottle , a genie appears and offers three wishes . The first wishes to be taken to Paris . The genie snaps his fingers , and the man suddenly finds himself standing in front of the Eiffel Tower . The second man wishes that he were in Hollywood , and with a snap of the genie 's fingers , he finds himself on a Tinseltown movie set . The third man , now alone on the island , looks around and says , `` I wish my friends were back . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ff1b5a2dd826f4d43fb0a3600f136fa", "text": "Mario vs. Donkey Kong: Mini-Land Mayhem! is a puzzle video game developed by Nintendo Software Technology and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS . It was announced at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 and released in North America on November 14 , 2010 . It is the fourth game in the Mario vs. Donkey Kong series . In the game , Mario and Pauline are sponsoring the grand opening of the amusement park `` Mini-Land , '' when Pauline is kidnapped by Donkey Kong and must be rescued by Mario and his team of miniature Mario toys . Instead of playing as Mario , players use a stylus to modify level architecture , allowing the mini Marios to exit the level or attack Donkey Kong . There is also a Construction Zone that allows players to build and share their own levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e40bda1a328c78c6ad9e0efe6a7e0b80", "text": "King Kong: Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa King Kong : Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa ( or simply King Kong ) is an album by French jazz fusion artist Jean-Luc Ponty first released in 1970 on Liberty Records ' World Pacific Records subsidiary label and later released on Blue Note . The album contains numerous selections Zappa had previously recorded either with the Mothers of Invention or under his own name , including : `` King Kong '' , originally included on the Mothers ' 1969 album Uncle Meat `` Idiot Bastard Son '' , from the Mothers ' 1968 album We 're Only in It for the Money `` Twenty Small Cigars '' , from Zappa 's 1970 album Chunga 's Revenge `` America Drinks and Goes Home '' , from the Mothers ' 1967 album Absolutely Free In addition , the track `` Music For Electric Violin And Low Budget Orchestra '' includes the themes from `` Duke of Prunes '' , from Absolutely Free , and `` Pound for a Brown '' , from Uncle Meat . Zappa excised those themes , and everything that followed them , when he later recorded the piece himself under the title `` Revised Music For Guitar And Low-Budget Orchestra '' , which was first released on his 1978 album Studio Tan . George Duke , who would eventually join Zappa and Ponty in the Mothers , is featured on piano on all tracks . Ernie Watts is featured on alto and/or tenor saxophone on tracks 2 , 3 , 4 , and 6 . Zappa himself plays guitar on track 4 , and Mothers members Ian Underwood ( tenor sax ) and Art Tripp ( drums ) contribute on track 1 , 5 , and 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8ac590de976af464d578c5caba51f0", "text": "Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination . With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks . Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fc10ab9ac0131b6979dffd4e53629f0", "text": "The International House of Mojo The International House of Mojo ( often called Mixnmojo ) is a website focused on LucasArts video games . It later expanded to cover studios founded by former LucasArts employees , including Double Fine Productions , Telltale Games , Autumn Moon Entertainment and Crackpot Entertainment . It was founded in 1997 by James Spafford and is among the longest-running `` fan sites '' on the internet . Mixnmojo once enjoyed an active relationship with LucasArts , and reviews have occasionally been quoted in the company 's marketing such as on the cover of the UK release of Monkey Island Special Edition Collection . The site was also referenced in the book Rogue Leaders : The Story of LucasArts , and staff has been interviewed by the gaming press . Developers highlighted by the site have often reciprocated its fondness . Tim Schafer of Double Fine Productions called Mixnmojo their `` friendly friends '' and praised the staff for their knowledge . At E3 2003 , in order to make light of an extended downtime the site was experiencing , staffers in attendance playfully cajoled then-producer Dan Pettit of LucasArts into appearing in a video painting him as complicit in the site 's technical woes . The site once even received permission from LucasArts to pull an elaborate April Fools prank that announced a fictional fifth Monkey Island installment ( at the time , the series only had four games ) complete with fake cover art and sound files of Dominic Armato performing dialog invented by the staff . Though created as an all-encompassing LucasArts site , Mixnmojo has always favored the studio 's original titles , particularly its classic graphic adventure games , over the more popular Star Wars products . This at times strained the relationship with the company . As the site featured the unregulated opinions of its contributors rather a unified editorial point of view , it quickly established an endearingly quirky , if occasionally abrasive , tone in its editorials and news posts . After the turn of the century , LucasArts began shifting away from original properties and the adventure genre in particular , culminating in the cancellation of Sam & Max : Freelance Police in 2004 . In response to this , Mixnmojo began broadening its coverage to include studios operated by LucasArts alumni that they believe continue the creative spirit abandoned by the original company . LucasArts was eventually shut down soon after Lucasfilm was purchased by Disney in 2012 . Its oldest fan site remains active as an information hub for LucasArts legacy titles , which have remained topical due to their continued influence , remakes and re-releases , as well as a news source for games produced by key LucasArts alumni .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53040061fdf7fdac3017f662f66e4d94", "text": "Kwok Mang Ho Kwok Mang Ho ( born 1947 ) , also known as Frog King , is a multi-media , conceptual , visual and performance artist from Hong Kong . According to Oscar Ho , the former exhibition director of Hong Kong Art Centre , he is one of the pioneers to engage in contemporary art in Hong Kong during the early 70s . His artistic uniqueness is best expressed in his creations `` Frogtopia '' , which takes over the exhibition space with numerous colourful mixed-media installations and graffiti of his signatured frog icon . In addition to his inexhaustible style , Kwok held a solo multimedia art exhibition representing Hong Kong `` Frogtopia-Hongkorucopia '' at the 54th Venice Biennale in 2011 . He is currently the director of the Frog King Museum at Cattle Depot Artist Village since 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7310a59c0e268d525ec55906a2001b2", "text": "Din Dong Din Dong ( Chinese : 癲噹 ) is a Hong Kong based cartoon cat , formed by two comic author - John Chan and Pam Hung . Din Dong cat is a very happy and positive cat that has his dreams , his motto is `` Impossible is possible '' . Din Dong often publishes illustrations on its Facebook page . Din Dong is also a multimedia creation covering animation , comics , licensing projects ; appearing on books , DVD , Apps , household items , etc. . Din Dong animation was also screened on Japan BS TV Station . His animation collections are picked as `` Famous Animation Section '' in the 34th Hong Kong International Film Festival ; Din Dong statue is on the Comic Avenue of Stars in Tsim Sha Tsui ( Hong Kong )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d17a24a7feb32b6243ae2f7bf80bcd18", "text": "Those Who Kill Those Who Kill ( Den som dræber ) is a Danish crime TV series from 2011 , which follows a fictitious unit within Copenhagen Police which specialises in investigating serial murders . The series was aired as five two-part stories in Denmark ( i.e. ten episodes in total ) , but has aired as five feature-length episodes in most other countries . A separate 92 minutes feature film , Fortidens skygge , which forms a continuation and ending of the series , premiered in Danish cinemas on 15 March 2012 , and is being aired as a final , sixth episode of the series in many other countries , such as the UK and Germany . The series is created and written by Elsebeth Egholm and Stefan Jaworski , with various other screenwriters helping out as episode writers , among them Siv Rajendram , Rikke De Fine Licht and Morten Dragsted . Directors have been Birger Larsen , Niels Nørløv and Kasper Barfoed . The series is a Danish-German-Swedish-Norwegian co-production . Although originally planned to run for several seasons , Danish TV2 announced in October 2011 that there would be no further seasons made , due to falling viewer shares after the first few episodes . TV2 programming manager Keld Reinicke stated that , `` We have no plans to continue the series as it never gave us the audience share we expected in Denmark . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1c24f57975be7c82d032185285650be", "text": "Society-related comics Society-related comics are comics ( manhua ) that reflect societal issues and topics . In Hong Kong , some of them are about social satire ; some talk about daily lives of Hong Kongers ; some caricaturists also talk about past lives of Hong Kong in order to recall a collective memory , etc. . McDull is the first well-known society-related comic . McDull was created by two local caricaturists , Alice Mak and Brian Tse . They use a hilarious way to express the core value , diligence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44bbe53c4a60526a1b3d74f2b383e73a", "text": "Madman Entertainment Madman Entertainment is an Australian company that distributes Australian and foreign films as well as Japanese anime and manga in Australia , New Zealand , and Papua New Guinea . Madman is one of the major entertainment companies in Australia . It employs approx 100 people and has an annual turnover of around A$ 50 million . Its headquarters is in Richmond , Victoria . Madman has secured the local release rights to popular titles including Sailor Moon , One Piece , Dragon Ball , Neon Genesis Evangelion , Akira , Steins ; Gate and almost all of Studio Ghibli 's catalogue . In addition to DVD sales , Madman manages the theatrical release of some of their titles , particularly the Studio Ghibli movies . According to market research , Madman accounts for 97 % of the total anime home media market in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0dc03e06dfcf1779ab5d09f829287d1", "text": "Crazy Kong For the album by Wild Willy Barrett , released the same year , see Krazy Kong . is an arcade game created by Falcon , released in 1981 and is similar to Nintendo 's Donkey Kong . Although commonly believed to be a bootleg version , the game was officially licensed for operation in Japan when Nintendo could n't keep up with demand at home ( even though Donkey Kong was still released in Japan ) , and is based on different hardware . The game retains all of the gameplay elements of Donkey Kong , but has all of the graphics redrawn and re-colorized . Crazy Kong is also known as Congorilla , Crazy Kong Part II , Donkey King , and Monkey Donkey . There are two versions of the original : Crazy Kong and Crazy Kong Part II . The differences between them are in minor cinematic artifacts and bugs , color palette choices and minor gameplay differences . Crazy Kong Part I shows no copyright or company name on the title screen . Crazy Kong ( parts I and II ) runs on modified Crazy Climber hardware . In addition there are other versions of the game that run on Scramble , Jeutel , Orca , and Alca hardware . The official versions of game came in two different stand up cabinets that featured a large and angry , rather than comic , ape embedded in the artwork . The cabinets were created by Zaccaria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4b284aa9787d2c1d3fac891ee2eeff0", "text": "People's Radio Hong Kong People 's Radio Hong Kong ( Chinese : 香港人民廣播電台 ) or its abbreviation PRHK.org ( Chinese : 人民台 ) is a defunct online radio station in Hong Kong . The initial objectives include : the formation of a local community radio station , not accepting donations participation in political groups independently operated by volunteers , accept public donations as the main source of funding . Radio Hong Kong People 's First , referred to as `` people 's first '' , created mainly to comment on current affairs and public issues , and the main program include the `` Long Menzhen Storm '' and `` ShiuShiu Podcast '' （風蕭蕭） . The second station is referred to as `` People 's second '' , mainly to discuss a small minority issues and the users produced programs , the current broadcast programs include `` international free exercise '' , `` Hong Kong people philosophy stresses '' , `` Hong Kong way out '' and '' My Network Places '' and so on . In Hong Kong , People 's Radio is aired the first Tuesday night with the Neighborhood and Workers Service Center online radio network ; Friday will be two sets of programs broadcast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1345fa0f325b226ad6f23a1ce07c8a73", "text": "Donald Duck universe The Donald Duck universe is a fictional shared universe which is the setting of stories involving Disney cartoon character Donald Duck , as well as Daisy Duck , Huey , Dewey , and Louie , Scrooge McDuck , and many other characters . The world is a part of the Mickey Mouse universe , but is more detailed . Life in the Donald Duck universe centers on the city of Duckburg , usually located in the fictional U.S. state of Calisota , analogous to Northern California . The world also incorporates several other real and fictional locations , as well as historical figures and a fictional timeline , which is followed with varying degrees of consistency . Disney comics are the primary medium for Donald Duck stories . Contributors include Americans Carl Barks , Ted Osborne , Don Rosa , Tony Strobl , Al Taliaferro , and William Van Horn , as well as Italians Giovan Battista Carpi , Marco Rota , and Romano Scarpa . Other media includes short films in the Donald Duck series , children 's books such as Little Big Books and Little Golden Books , television series such as DuckTales ( 1987 -- 1990 ) and Darkwing Duck ( 1991 -- 1992 ) , and video games such as QuackShot ( 1991 ) , Goin ' Quackers ( 2000 ) , and DuckTales : Remastered ( 2013 ) . `` Donald Duck universe '' is not an official Disney term , but is sometimes used by fans . Don Rosa has also used the terms Barks Universe and Italian Duck Universe to describe different versions of the world 's continuity . The terms `` Barksian '' or `` Barksian facts '' has also been used to describe the canon of the Donald Duck universe , as many comic book creators and fans only consider the stories by Carl Barks as factual , since he is the creator of many of its major characters , locations and ideas . Don Rosa is an example of this when creating his comic book series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck , with most of his stories being based on the works by Barks . Additionally , the stories by Al Taliaferro and Ted Osborne are also considered canon by many fans , being that they are the creators of Huey , Dewey and Louie and Grandma Duck , and part of their work precedes Barks ' work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bb67f605d2224ff1602db6c66b4c0a7", "text": "Ayize Jama-Everett Ayize Jama-Everett ( born 1974 ) is an African-American science fiction and speculative fiction writer . He is the author of the trilogy The Liminal People ( self-published , 2009 ; Small Beer Press , 2012 ) , The Liminal War ( Small Beer Press , 2015 ) and The Entropy of Bones ( Small Beer Press , 2015 ) . In his review of The Entropy of Bones , the writer Charles Yu describes Jama-Everett 's work as `` resist -LSB- ing -RSB- easy categorization . -LSB- The protagonist 's -RSB- mixed racial background offers a potentially nuanced look from a perspective that seems underserved . '' He goes on to say : `` If the book veers among different approaches -- now a philosophical kung fu master story , now a seduction into a rarefied subculture , now an esoteric universe made from liner notes and the journal entries of a brilliantly imaginative teenager -- there 's nevertheless a vitality to the voice and a weirdness that , while not always controlled or intentional , is highly appealing for just that reason . '' Jama-Everett himself sees his writing as a way to heal people who have long been ignored in mainstream popular culture . He asserts : `` There 's a big wound in not being seen , in having your reality not being represented in any way . '' Born in Harlem , New York , Jama-Everett is now based in Oakland , California . He has also lived in New Hampshire and Morocco , and traveled extensively across north Africa , Asia and Mexico . He holds master 's degrees in clinical psychology and divinity , and has been a therapist , and a teacher at high school and college levels . In 2016 , Jama-Everett began collaborating with the illustrator John Jennings , to develop Box of Bones , a comics project . He describes it as unrelated to the Liminal People universe , and like '' ` Tale of the Crypt ' meets Black History . '' According to Jama-Everett , he was named ` Ayize ' by his mother , a word that means ` let it come ' , in an African root language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db1004c025efd393607f879831ad4c53", "text": "Crocodile Dundee Crocodile Dundee ( stylized as `` Crocodile '' Dundee in the U.S. ) is a 1986 Australian-American comedy film set in the Australian Outback and in New York City . It stars Paul Hogan as the weathered Mick Dundee . Hogan 's future wife Linda Kozlowski portrayed Sue Charlton . Inspired by the true life exploits of Rod Ansell , the film was made on a budget of under $ 10 million as a deliberate attempt to make a commercial Australian film that would appeal to a mainstream American audience , but proved to be a worldwide phenomenon . Released on 30 April 1986 in Australia , and on 26 September 1986 in the United States , it was the second-highest-grossing film in the United States in that year and went on to become the second-highest grossing film worldwide at the box office as well , with an estimated 46 million tickets sold in the US . There are two versions of the film : the Australian version , and an international version , which had much of the Australian slang replaced with more commonly understood terms , and was slightly shorter . Although the film was a hit both in Australia and abroad , it became controversial with some Australian critics and audiences -- who resented the image of Australians as being ocker . The first scenes were filmed in the small town of McKinlay in Queensland . The hotel has original warped and polished hardwood floors . There are no crocodiles in the area as it 's in the outback with no major water source . Crocodile Dundee was followed by two sequels : Crocodile Dundee II ( 1988 ) and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles ( 2001 ) , although both films failed to match the critical success of the predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd43d30f73f1f1e2caae0ce42d996a02", "text": "Barrel children Barrel children are children who are abandoned or `` left behind '' by their parents who are seeking a better life abroad . Dr. Claudette Crawford-Brown , the University of the West Indies academic who first described the phenomenon of barrel children , defines `` barrel children '' as those children who , while waiting in the Caribbean to migrate to their parents in the metropoles of North America and the United Kingdom , receive material resources in the form of food and clothing in lieu of direct care . Dr. Crawford-Brown , in her publication Who will save our children : The plight of the Jamaican child in the nineties , showed that these children have surrogate parents who are often unable to give them the emotional support and nurturance that they need , most of these children may be instead raised by grandparents or close relatives . The impact on these children of this type of neglect includes a range of emotional and behavioural problems including run-away behaviour , withdrawal , depression , and , in some cases , acting-out behaviour . The Trinidad and Tobago News said that for `` barrel children the psychological scars have been great and have been troubling factors unto the second , third and fourth generations . '' The Wellcome Trust discussed barrel children in an article focusing on violence in the Caribbean while it was the title and subject of a short film by Cara Elmslie Weir about a Trinidadian family split by migration , the parents `` sending barrels full of material goods '' from the U.S.A. to their children in Trinidad . UNICEF in Jamaica agreed that `` Migration of parents who seek more lucrative employment abroad has had a negative impact on Jamaican children . Some children are left in the care of strangers , neighbours or even older siblings who are still children . These so-called `` barrel children '' are left without parental guidance or adult supervision and with access to significant material resources in the form of cash remittances and barrels of clothing and toys sent by absentee parents . '' It has also been discussed in Caribbean Studies Journals , conferences on the Caribbean , the Trinidad Guardian and Trinidad Newsday . Discussing absent parents The Trinidad Guardian noted that `` At holiday time , they ship their barrels of love , disguised as brand-name sneakers and clothing , believing that these would make their children happy and make up for them being not around . But the fact remains that children are deprived of the real love of their parents . '' An article published in Newsweek by Brook Larmar entitled the `` Barrel Children '' dramatised the problem in its effects on one particular family . `` The cardboard barrel has been sitting empty in Marsha Flowers 's backyard for more than a month now , but the Jamaican teenager hangs onto it as though it were a sacred totem . And in a way , it is . Five years after her mother immigrated to the United States , leaving Marsha and two sisters to fend for themselves in a Kingston slum , the barrel is one of the few tangible signs of her mother 's love - and of her own frustrated desires . '' Blogs also exist highlighting the experiences of barrel children . Memories of a Caribbean Barrel Child was created by Dr. Anthony Salandy ( a native of Trinidad and Tobago ) to shed light of the experiences and outcomes associated with being a barrel child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c36a0864700dddc08b8755b537e4c55", "text": "Theatre of Cruelty (Discworld) `` Theatre of Cruelty '' is a short Discworld story by Terry Pratchett written in 1993 . The name derives from a concept of Antonin Artaud ( Theatre of Cruelty ) . It was originally written for W. H. Smith Bookcase magazine and was then slightly modified and extended , being published again in the programme of the OryCon 15 convention , and then again in The Wizards of Odd , a compilation of fantasy short stories . It has since been made available on the Internet along with dozens of translations by fans , with Pratchett having stated , `` I do n't want to see it distributed in print anywhere but do n't mind people downloading it for their own enjoyment . '' The story involves both the Ankh-Morpork City Watch and a parallel of Punch and Judy . A murder has been committed : a street entertainer , found apparently battered to death with a very small blunt object , on him bite marks from a very small crocodile . Investigating the incident in his typically direct manner , Carrot Ironfoundersson discovers the death was an accident , the man having choked on a swazzle . It emerges that the entertainer had invented a parallel , live-action version of Punch and Judy , using -- and abusing -- a troupe of gnomes as the live cast . Carrot asserts that such brutal theatre could never find favour in Ankh-Morpork : `` That 's not the way to do it '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfa35d52262a244c563a4b1cac34afb7", "text": "Indiana Jones Adventure The Indiana Jones Adventure is an enhanced motion vehicle dark ride attraction at Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea , based on the Indiana Jones film series . Guests accompany intrepid archaeologist Dr. Indiana Jones on a turbulent quest , aboard military troop transport vehicles , through a dangerous lost temple guarded by a supernatural power . The attraction premiered as Temple of the Forbidden Eye at Disneyland in Anaheim , California on March 3 , 1995 , and opened to the general public on March 4 , 1995 . A second , and nearly identical , version of the ride opened as Temple of the Crystal Skull on September 4 , 2001 at Tokyo DisneySea in Chiba , Japan , unrelated to the 2008 film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c636692447584ecef11db8a08fe6b945", "text": "Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' . Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people . Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative . The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee . Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .", "title": "" } ]	fever
dd619b407d1d02fc1bb0f51dc3a80e1f	Jon Huntsman Jr. served as the 16th Governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009.	[ { "docid": "485ab33f779a2774cb2a9040e4aaa26e", "text": "Jon Huntsman Jr. Jon Meade Huntsman Jr. ( born March 26 , 1960 ) is an American politician , businessman , and diplomat who served as the 16th Governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009 , and as United States Ambassador to Singapore from 1992 to 1993 , and China from 2009 to 2011 . He has served in the administrations of five U.S. Presidents and was a candidate for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination . In January 2014 , Huntsman was named Chairman of the Washington-based foreign policy think-tank the Atlantic Council . It has been reported he was chosen to be the next Ambassador to Russia in March 2017 . Huntsman has served in every presidential administration since Ronald Reagan . He began his career as a White House staff assistant for Ronald Reagan , and was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce and United States Ambassador to Singapore by George H.W. Bush . Later as Deputy U.S. Trade Representative under George W. Bush , he launched global trade negotiations in Doha in 2001 and guided the accession of China into the World Trade Organization . He also served as CEO of his family-owned Huntsman Corporation and chairman of the Huntsman Cancer Foundation . In 2009 , he was appointed United States Ambassador to China by Barack Obama . While Governor , he was named Chairman of the Western Governors Association , and joined the Executive Committee of the National Governors Association . Under his leadership , Utah was named the best managed state in America by the Pew Center on the States . He won re-election in 2008 with nearly 78 % of the vote and left office with approval ratings over 80 % .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d0451023df491bbb0fb4292d46562164", "text": "United States presidential election in Utah, 1964 The 1964 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 3 , 1964 , as part of the 1964 United States presidential election . Utah voters chose four representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Utah was won by incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson ( D -- Texas ) , with 54.86 % of the popular vote , against Senator Barry Goldwater ( R -- Arizona ) , with 45.14 % of the popular vote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be6aee06044836d1f23bf51ccb5b0c5e", "text": "Susan Duckworth Susan ` Sue ' D. Duckworth is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Utah House of Representatives representing District 22 since January 1 , 2009 . She is married to former Democratic Representative Carl W. Duckworth , whom she succeeded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b96d92f58b123740744547b02b4de285", "text": "Chet Culver Chester John `` Chet '' Culver ( born January 25 , 1966 ) is an American politician who served as the 41st Governor of Iowa , holding the position from 2007 to 2011 . He was also elected as the Federal Liaison for the Democratic Governors Association for 2008-2009 . He founded the Chet Culver Group , an energy sector consulting firm , in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b41635ef8e2d419cbda57bea2b6b3248", "text": "Val Hale Val Hale ( born 1957 ) was appointed in 2014 by Utah Governor Gary R. Herbert as the Executive Director , Governor 's Office of Economic Development ( GOED ) , and is currently serving in this role promoting state growth in business , tourism and film . Hale was raised in Orem , Utah graduating from Orem High School . He attended BYU where he received his Bachelor 's degree ( Public Relations , 1981 ) and his Master 's degree ( Communications , 1987 ) . He worked as a reporter ( 1981-82 ) and sports columnist ( 2005-06 ) and business columnist ( 2012-14 ) for the Provo Daily Herald . He later worked at BYU in marketing , fundraising , media relations and later as men 's Athletic Director of BYU from 1999 to 2004 . From 2002-04 , he served on the NCAA Men 's Golf Committee and as chair of that committee in 2003-04 . After he left BYU in 2004 , he became Assistant Vice President of External Affairs at Utah Valley State College ( now Utah Valley University ) ( UVU ) until 2006 . He went on to serve at UVU as Vice President , Advancement ( 2006-10 ) and Vice President , University Relations ( 2010-12 ) . From 2012-14 , he served as President and CEO of the Utah Valley Chamber of Commerce . In August 2014 , he was appointed in his current role as Executive Director , GOED . Most recently , Hale has drawn from his many years of service to author `` Living a Life That Matters : 7 Keys for Purposeful Living . '' Hale and his wife Nancy are the proud parents of three married children and thirteen grandchildren . In his free time , he and his wife enjoy hiking , biking , golfing , snowshoeing , and spending time with their extended family . Any spare time for Hale goes towards his love of designing and creating intricate and unique wooden boxes , as well as other woodworking projects and miscellaneous jobs and ventures around the house and yard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e9699aedec429172108b43d21eb14e5", "text": "Jim Gibbons (American politician) James Arthur `` Jim '' Gibbons ( born December 16 , 1944 ) is an American attorney , aviator , geologist , hydrologist and politician . He served as the 28th Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada from 2007 to 2011 . He is a former member of the United States House of Representatives , having served from 1997 to 2006 . He is a member of the Republican Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef772dd8ccd434ed6e026f8e8f79055", "text": "United States House of Representatives elections in Utah, 2008 The 2008 congressional elections in Utah were held on November 4 , 2008 to determine the representatives of the state of Utah in the United States House of Representatives for the 111th Congress from January 3 , 2009 , until their terms of office expire on January 3 , 2011 . Incumbent Rob Bishop ( R ) was reelected in Utah 's 1st congressional district . Incumbent Jim Matheson ( D ) was reelected in Utah 's 2nd congressional district . Jason Chaffetz ( R ) was elected to succeed Chris Cannon ( R ) in Utah 's 3rd congressional district . Utah has three seats in the House , apportioned according to the 2000 United States Census . Representatives are elected for two-year terms . The election coincided with the 2008 U.S. presidential election . All races were forecasted as safe for the incumbent party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "908b5e8d2aa776a8be5caf6d6999389a", "text": "David F. Emery David Farnham Emery ( born September 1 , 1948 ) is an American politician from Maine . A former Republican U.S. Representative , Emery grew up in Rockland before attending college at Worcester Polytechnic Institute , where he received a BS in electronics engineering in 1970 . Upon graduating , he entered politics . He served in the Maine House of Representatives 1970-1974 and was active in the Republican Party . In 1974 , Emery ran for the United States House of Representatives against incumbent Democrat Peter Kyros and won in an upset . He was reelected in 1976 , 1978 , and 1980 . He served as a member of the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee for all four terms ; on the Science and Technology Committee in the 94th congress ( 1975-1977 ) ; and on the House Armed Services Committee during the 95th , 96th and 97th Congresses ( 1977 - 1983 ) . He was a member of the House Republican leadership during the 97th Congress , serving as Chief Deputy Republican Whip under Trent Lott . In 1982 , he ran for the U.S. Senate against Democratic Senator George J. Mitchell , a former Federal Judge who had been appointed to succeed Democrat Edmund Muskie , whom President Jimmy Carter had appointed as U.S. Secretary of State . Emery was initially thought to be the favorite , but he ran a highly critical campaign which made a negative impression , and Mitchell won the election with 61 % of the vote . In 2005 he declared his candidacy for Governor of Maine in the 2006 election . He withdrew from the race upon the entrance of 2002 nominee Peter Cianchette , but following Cianchette 's withdrawal , re-entered . In the Republican primary he came in last of the three candidates on the ballot , finishing behind State Senators Chandler Woodcock of Farmington and Peter Mills of Skowhegan . Woodcock , the nominee , lost to incumbent Democrat John Baldacci in the November 2006 general election . Emery was endorsed by U.S. Senator John McCain for Governor , who urged voters to vote for Emery in the primary . David Emery endorsed Mitt Romney for President in the 2012 election . In April 2011 , Emery was appointed Deputy Commissioner of Administrative and Financial Services . In August 2012 , Emery resigned from the position with no explanation given . In July 2016 , Emery was chosen to run for Maine Senate against incumbent Democrat David Miramant of Camden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0159f2f8c89bddb3948536cd289ebd63", "text": "United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota, 2008 The 2008 election for North Dakota 's At-large congressional district took place on November 4 , 2008 . The incumbent , North Dakota Democratic NPL Party Congressman Earl Pomeroy , was re-elected to his ninth term . Republican Duane Sand formally announced that he was running on March 20 , 2008 . He previously challenged Pomeroy in 2004 . Initial speculation for a Republican challenger included Governor of North Dakota John Hoeven and Attorney General Wayne Stenehjem , who were enjoying very high approval ratings throughout their terms of office . State Representative Kim Koppelman and State House Majority Leader Rick Berg ruled themselves out of the running on February 20 , 2008 , Another possible challenger was Brian Kalk , who decided to run for Public Service Commissioner and was successful in the November election . As of 2016 , this is the last time that a Democrat won North Dakota 's House seat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e6ed825bbf61a84290e50186687109a", "text": "Utah Attorney General The Attorney General of Utah is the chief legal officer and legal adviser in the state of Utah . The office is elected , with a term of four years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f86b4c7e3abf10a836eca2864c85745d", "text": "Utah Sports Hall of Fame The Utah Sports Hall of Fame is an athletics hall of fame in the U.S. state of Utah . The Utah Sports Hall of Fame Foundation , organized in 1967 as The Old Time Athletes Association , was founded `` to celebrate and preserve Utah 's storied sports heritage . '' The charter class of 18 members was inducted in 1970 and included Jack Dempsey , Gene Fullmer , and Frank Christensen . Other inductees include professional basketball player Fred Sheffield ( 1975 ) , Major League Baseball pitcher Kent Peterson ( 1977 ) , and rodeo champion Earl W. Bascom ( 1985 ) . In 2015 , the hall inducted former Major League Baseball pitcher Kelly Downs , former Olympic marathoner Ed Eyestone , former National Football League quarterback Scott Mitchell , Olympic gold medalist wrestler and wrestling coach Cael Sanderson , and former college basketball player Wayne Estes . The fall 2016 class , inducted on October 18 in Salt Lake City , comprised women 's college basketball coach Elaine Elliott , former National Basketball Association player Devin Durrant , philanthropist Jon Huntsman Sr. , volleyball player Annette Cottle , and NCAA steeplechase champion Farley Gerber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5b76b14e35a574df99366451f7152ab", "text": "Gary Herbert Gary Richard Herbert ( born May 7 , 1947 ) is an American politician who is the 17th and current Governor of Utah . A member of the Republican Party , Herbert has served as Governor since August 2009 . From July 2015 to July 2016 , Herbert served as chair of the National Governors Association . Born in American Fork , Utah , Herbert served for two years as an LDS missionary in the eastern United States following his graduation from high school , then attended Brigham Young University and joined the Utah Army National Guard . After serving in the National Guard , Herbert began a career in real estate and opened his own firm . Herbert won a seat on the Utah County Commission in 1990 , where he served 14 years . Herbert also served as presidents of the Utah Association of Counties and Utah Association of Realtors . After initially running for the Republican nomination for Governor in 2004 , Herbert teamed up with ambassador and businessman Jon Huntsman as his running mate in the general election . Herbert was sworn in as Lieutenant Governor of Utah in 2005 , serving one term until he assumed the governorship on August 11 , 2009 , following the resignation of Governor Huntsman , who was appointed to serve as the United States Ambassador to China by President Barack Obama . Herbert was elected to serve out the remainder of the term in a special election in 2010 , defeating Democratic nominee Salt Lake County Mayor Peter Corroon with 64 % of the vote . He won election to a full four-year term in 2012 , defeating Democratic Businessman Peter Cooke with 68 % of the vote and was re-elected to a second full four-year term in 2016 . In a recent statement , Herbert declined to say if he will run again for election in 2020 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "092f09dbfd912913915b66249cc0b4bd", "text": "Oregon Progress Board The Oregon Progress Board ( OPB ) is a commission in the Government of Oregon . It was formed by then-Governor Neil Goldschmidt in 1989 . The commission is composed of twelve members , including the Governor of Oregon ; nine members appointed by the Governor ; one member appointed by the President of the Oregon State Senate ; and one member appointed by the Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives . Goldschmidt led the establishment of Oregon Shines , a strategic plan consisting of three goals and recommendations on their implementation . He then created the OPB , to keep Oregonians ' attention on the goals , issue biennial reports on progress , and perform periodic updates to the plan . Oregon Shines was written in 1989 and updated in 1997 . Private foundations contributed at least $ 20,000 to perform the third revision in time for the Oregon Sesquicentennial in 2009 . The initial `` Oregon Benchmarks '' report listed 103 benchmarks against which state agencies were to chart their progress . As of 2005 , the number of benchmarks listed was 90 . Goldschmidt stated at the program 's inception : `` The Oregon Benchmark project is a tool to keep Oregon on track . Oregon will be the first state to hold itself accountable to its visions for the future . '' In 2005 , the OPB conducted a survey that found that 85 % of Oregonians did not know the biggest source of revenue ( income tax ) or the biggest expenditure category ( education ) of the state . Commenting on the general lack of understanding of the state budget revealed by the poll , pollster Adam Davis observed that `` This state of affairs poses a virtually insuperable barrier to any kind of major reform of our tax system or array of public services . Any effort to raise taxes for any purpose runs into the same problem : ` Ca n't you just prioritize and cut out the unimportant stuff ? ' '' As of its 2009 report , the OPB listed its benchmarks in seven categories . After the 2009 report was completed , funding for the Board was cut and the state discontinued monitoring the benchmarks . In 2014 , the Oregon Community Foundation and OSU built on the previous work with a report on a series of similar indicators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ee3625561a67c1c81243a9b01a807c", "text": "The Salt Lake Tribune The Salt Lake Tribune is a daily newspaper published in the city of Salt Lake City , Utah , with the largest weekday circulation but second largest Sunday circulation behind the Deseret News . The Tribune , often referred to as just `` the Trib , '' is owned by Paul Huntsman and printed through a joint operating agreement with the Deseret News through the Newspaper Agency Corporation . For almost 100 years it was a family-owned newspaper held by the heirs of U.S. Senator Thomas Kearns . After Kearns died in 1918 the company was controlled by his widow , Jennie Judge Kearns , and son , Thomas F. Kearns . The newspaper 's longtime publisher was John F. Fitzpatrick , who started his career as secretary to Senator Kearns in 1913 . On April 20 , 2016 , Huntsman Family Investments , a private-equity firm headed by Paul Huntsman , announced that they would be buying the Tribune . The newspaper 's motto , at the top of its masthead , is `` Utah 's Independent Voice Since 1871 . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d0eb87985324b60a4850488ca1b64e1", "text": "Butch Otter Clement Leroy `` Butch '' Otter ( born May 3 , 1942 ) is an American businessman and politician who has served as the 32nd Governor of Idaho since January 2007 . He is a member of the Republican Party . Having served for , Otter is currently the longest-serving incumbent Governor in the United States whose time in office has run consecutively . Prior to the Governorship , Otter served as Lieutenant Governor of Idaho from 1987 to 2001 and as the United States Representative for Idaho 's 1st congressional district from 2001 to 2007 , when he resigned his congressional seat to assume the Idaho Governorship . Otter is the third Catholic to serve as Governor of Idaho and the first to win election since James H. Hawley in 1910 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a9d331dc71b1cf1ac754e8c7e982680", "text": "California Assembly Bill 962 (2009) California Assembly Bill 962 ( 2009 ) ( AB 962 ) was a gun control law in California , authored by Assemblyman Kevin de León , and signed into law by Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger on October 11 , 2009 . AB 962 was set to take effect on February 1 , 2011 , but was ruled unconstitutional by Fresno Superior Court Judge Jeffrey Hamilton on January 18 , 2011 , in Parker v. California . AB 962 would have required that all transfers of ownership of `` handgun ammunition '' be done in a face-to-face transaction , with the deliverer or transferor being provided bona fide evidence of identity of the purchaser or other transferee . As part of every `` handgun ammunition '' transfer , AB 962 would have required vendors to record and maintain , for a time period no less than five years : the transaction date , the ammunition brand and caliber , the processor 's name , as well as the purchaser 's driver license number , signature , name , right thumbprint , residential address , phone number , and date of birth . The bill also aimed to stop felony gang crimes by making it a misdemeanor to possess ammunition while associating with a criminal street gang . On August 19 , 2010 , the NRA-CRPA Foundation Legal Action Project filed a lawsuit challenging AB 962 . The lead plaintiff in the lawsuit was Tehama County Sheriff Clay Parker . The lawsuit alleged that the mandates in AB 962 were incomprehensible , and that the definition of `` handgun ammunition '' was unconstitutionally vague . On January 18 , 2011 , Fresno Superior Court Judge Jeffrey Hamilton ruled , in Parker v. California , that the definition of `` handgun ammunition '' was indeed unconstitutionally vague . The Court enjoined enforcement of the bill . Mail order ammunition sales to California therefore continue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "143a9c9c04cabaac4d8d3e83416236a2", "text": "Mark B. Madsen Mark Benson Madsen ( born May 8 , 1963 ) is an American politician and attorney from Utah . A Libertarian , he is a former member of the Utah State Senate , where he represented the state 's 13th senate district in Utah , and Tooele Counties including the city of Lehi . Madsen is the grandson of Ezra Taft Benson , Secretary of Agriculture under President Eisenhower .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c2c9c63b4ccfac13eba47aef6fe69fa", "text": "Gordon E. Snow Gordon E. Snow ( born September 22 , 1946 ) is an American politician from Utah . A Republican , he was a member of the Utah State House , representing the state 's 54th house district in Roosevelt from 1999 until his retirement in 2008 . He served as the Majority Whip in the Utah House from 2006 to 2008 . Snow is a Latter-day Saint and a graduate of Utah State University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "996f35f1aea943a7291af189873ae614", "text": "Utah Stories Utah Stories is an online and print-based alternative news source covering the greater Salt Lake City area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9cc4485fe5e5c6db5a52e8381cc9217", "text": "List of Lieutenant Governors of Idaho Lieutenant Governor of Idaho is a constitutional statewide elected office in the State of Idaho . According to the Idaho Constitution , the lieutenant governor is elected to a four-year term . The power of the Lieutenant Governor of Idaho derives from Article IV , Sections 12 and 13 of the Idaho Constitution , which provides that the office is first in line of succession to the Governor of Idaho . It also dictates that the lieutenant governor serves as the presiding officer of the Idaho State Senate . Lieutenant governor has been a constitutional office in Idaho since statehood in 1890 . Prior to 1946 the office was elected to two-year terms . The current Lieutenant Governor of Idaho is Brad Little . In January 2009 Little was appointed by Gov. C. L. `` Butch '' Otter to succeed Jim Risch , who resigned to take office in the United States Senate . Little was elected to his own right on November 2 , 2010 , and served the remainder of Risch 's term , which ended in January 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7004407800b17bbd072005f91a668147", "text": "Paul Van Dam Paul R. Van Dam ( born October 15 , 1937 ) is an American politician and attorney in the state of Utah . He served as Attorney General of Utah from 1989 to 1993 , as a Democrat . He attended the University of Utah and is a former Salt Lake County district attorney .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f9f8b0d19e824a4fd76ca64ed9e0f4ec	Jacki Weaver refuses to work in film.	[ { "docid": "aac8977402af2e101084097ef23b98d7", "text": "Jacki Weaver Jacqueline Ruth `` Jacki '' Weaver , AO ( born 25 May 1947 ) is an Australian theatre , film , and television actress . She is known internationally for her performances in Animal Kingdom ( 2010 ) and Silver Linings Playbook ( 2012 ) , both of which earned her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . Weaver emerged in the 1970s as a symbol of the Australian New Wave through her work in Ozploitation films such as Stork ( 1971 ) , Alvin Purple ( 1973 ) and Petersen ( 1974 ) . In 2005 , she released her autobiography titled Much Love , Jac .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da2c996ac2e39639e46b74d8a671b7ce", "text": "Alvin Purple Alvin Purple is an 1973 Australian comedy film starring Graeme Blundell , written by Alan Hopgood and directed by Tim Burstall . It received largely negative reviews from local film critics . Despite this it was a major hit with Australian audiences . Alvin Purple became the most commercially successful Australian film released to that time , breaking the box office record set by Michael Powell 's pioneering Anglo-Australian comedy feature They 're a Weird Mob ( 1966 ) . The score and title theme were composed by iconic Australian singer-songwriter Brian Cadd . A 1974 film sequel Alvin Rides Again toned-down the sex scenes and nudity , adding more camp comedy . This was followed by a 1976 Australian Broadcasting Commission situation comedy television series titled Alvin Purple . Blundell reprised the title role in both , as well as in the 1984 movie Melvin , Son of Alvin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7046086fbdb6478b7e691a261f717dc5", "text": "Animal Kingdom (film) Animal Kingdom is a 2010 Australian crime film written and directed by David Michôd , and starring Ben Mendelsohn , Joel Edgerton , Guy Pearce , James Frecheville , Luke Ford , Jacki Weaver , and Sullivan Stapleton . Michôd 's script was inspired by events which involved the Pettingill criminal family of Melbourne , Australia . In 1991 , two brothers Trevor Pettingill and Victor Peirce ( along with two other men : Anthony Leigh Farrell and Peter David McEvoy ) were acquitted in the 1988 shooting murder of two Victorian police officers . Animal Kingdom was critically acclaimed . It received 36 awards and 39 nominations , and Jacki Weaver received multiple awards for her performance , including an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "830fcbb45d75f7f42d0ec1104046be74", "text": "Stork (film) Stork is a 1971 Australian comedy film directed by Tim Burstall . Stork is based on the play The Coming of Stork by David Williamson . Bruce Spence and Jacki Weaver make their feature film debuts in Stork , being honoured at the 1972 Australian Film Institute Awards , where they shared the acting prize . Stork won the prize for best narrative feature and Tim Burstall won for best direction . Stork was one of the first ocker comedies . Stork was the first commercial success of the Australian cinema revival called the Australian New Wave .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "888677d77638c770bbe89cdcc6bb3470", "text": "The Woman in the Hall The Woman in the Hall is a 1947 British drama film , directed by Jack Lee , with a screenplay by Jack Lee , Ian Dalrymple and Gladys Bronwyn Stern , from Stern 's novel . It was released in 1947 . `` A studio bound melodrama , it seems atypical of Lee 's later films , but the struggles of an individual to achieve a goal and through that struggle develop into a better person was a recurrent theme . '' The film features the screen debut of future television star Susan Hampshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa768bfc7466520b5db84a1e2111ed95", "text": "Jack Weaver Jack Weaver ( 1 November 1928 -- 7 April 2009 ) was a Los Angeles County Deputy Sheriff and the developer of the Weaver stance , a popular shooting stance for firing handguns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a93a74a1165afff17b1a50fca4362c12", "text": "Jackrabbit (film) Jack Rabbit is a 2015 American cyberpunk film directed by Carleton Ranney , who co-wrote it with Destin Douglas . Josh Caras and Ian Christopher Noel star as residents of a dystopian city who attempt to find details about the death of their mutual friend , a computer hacker . It premiered at the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2e3e67872d8488dbe152790af97e1fe", "text": "Antidote Films For the Australian film distribution company , see Antidote Films ( Australia ) . Antidote Films , also known as Antidote International Films , Inc. , is an independent film production company founded by producer Jeff Levy-Hinte based in the Hudson Square neighborhood of New York City . In 2008 , Antidote completed several documentaries , including Soul Power and The Dungeon Masters , both of which premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival . Antidote produced Roman Polanski : Wanted and Desired , a documentary directed by Marina Zenovich , which was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize and winner of the Documentary Editing Award at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , the film will be released domestically by HBO and internationally through The Weinstein Company . Prior to this , Antidote produced several narrative films until The Last Winter , when the company shifted its focus to documentary . Other Antidiote productions include the eco-horror thriller The Last Winter ; The Hawk Is Dying , adapted from Harry Crews ' novel and directed by Julian Goldberger ; Mysterious Skin , directed by Greg Araki ; and Thirteen , directed by Catherine Hardwicke . In 2003 Daily Variety announced Antidote 's plans for a film adaptation of the JT LeRoy novel ` Sarah ' , to be directed by Steven Shainberg . According to The New York Times , when Shainberg learned that JT LeRoy was a literary persona and that Laura Albert was the actual author of Sarah , he decided `` to make a ` meta-film , ' a triple-layered movie that would blend the novel with the lives of its real and purported authors in a project he took to calling ` Sarah Plus . ' '' The Times also reported that this new project `` required the rights to Laura Albert 's story , rights that she in no uncertain terms refused to grant . '' In June 2007 Antidote sued Albert for fraud , claiming that a contract signed with JT LeRoy to make a feature film of Sarah was null and void . After a Manhattan jury found Albert liable in monetary damages for the tort of fraud because she had signed her nom de plume to the movie contract , The New York Times noted that Jeffrey Levy-Hinte said , `` if Ms. Albert , who never made a fortune from her literary works , could not afford to pay the judgment , he might have to consider laying claim to the rights to her past and future books . '' Levy-Hinte 's chief lawyer insisted , `` Neither Jeff nor I want to ruin Laura Albert . We just want her to behave with a little more integrity . '' After an appeal , the damages awarded were reduced by settlement with Antidote in 2009 , and Laura Albert retained the rights to her books and her life story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cb4f9df5678f46aad7a7f40d37b1c91", "text": "Sally (2000 film) Sally is a 2000 American drama film starring Rachael Leigh Cook , Michael Weston , and Fatmir Haskaj , and written and directed by first time director David Goldsmith who also appears in the film as Jack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8376001b974e4d99d7d14ea94fbdbe1a", "text": "Janet Leigh Janet Leigh ( born Jeanette Helen Morrison ; July 6 , 1927 -- October 3 , 2004 ) was an American actress , singer , dancer and author . She is best remembered for her performance in Psycho , for which she was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and received an Academy Award nomination . She was the first wife of actor Tony Curtis and the mother of Kelly Curtis and Jamie Lee Curtis . Discovered by actress Norma Shearer , Leigh made her acting debut on radio in 1946 and secured a contract with MGM the following year . Early in her career , she appeared in popular films spanning a wide variety of genres , including Act of Violence ( 1948 ) , Little Women ( 1949 ) , Angels in the Outfield ( 1951 ) , Scaramouche ( 1952 ) , The Naked Spur ( 1953 ) and Living It Up ( 1954 ) . She played mostly dramatic roles during the latter half of the 1950s , in such films as Safari ( 1956 ) and Touch of Evil ( 1958 ) , but achieved her most lasting recognition as the doomed Marion Crane in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho ( 1960 ) . Her highly publicized marriage to Curtis ended in divorce in 1962 , and after starring in The Manchurian Candidate that same year , Leigh scaled back her career . Intermittently , she continued to appear in notable films , including Bye Bye Birdie ( 1963 ) , Harper ( 1966 ) and Night of the Lepus ( 1972 ) as well as two films with her daughter , Jamie Lee : The Fog ( 1980 ) and Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later ( 1998 ) . She also wrote four books between 1984 and 2002 , including two novels . Leigh died in 2004 at age 77 , following a year-long battle with vasculitis , an inflammation of the blood vessels . Among her survivors was her husband of 42 years , Robert Brandt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "823bc1cc84d8411f9c7f88430a174478", "text": "Calli Cox Calli Cox ( born Kristy Jo Connelly ; February 26 , 1977 ) is an American former pornographic actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "111e9b33fcbc91f97a48898c2b3142be", "text": "BFI Flipside BFI Flipside is a series of Dual Format Editions ( DVD and Blu-ray released together ) which was launched in May 2009 and is published by the British Film Institute 's Video label . The series so far features a total of 65 feature and short films , as well as 10 archive interviews with the likes of Spike Milligan , Peter Cook and Richard Lester . The BFI Flipside charts `` the untold history of British film '' , and includes performances by such celebrated actors as John Hurt , Jane Asher , Ian McNeice , Richard O'Brien , Tom Bell , Peter Cook , Barry Evans , Denholm Elliott and Judy Geeson in films directed by the likes of Clive Donner , Richard Lester , Barney Platts-Mills , John Irvin , Stuart Cooper , Guy Hamilton , Peter Watkins and James Hill . Each BFI Flipside edition includes a feature film presentation that is complemented by additional film content ( sometimes a second feature film by the same director , or a selection of short films which are related to the main feature by subject , era , actor or director ) . Each release is packaged in distinctive artwork which carries the volume number on the spine , and with a comprehensive booklet containing informative essays , full cast and credit information , original film reviews and reproductions of original promotional material . The Flipside is dedicated to releasing British film titles which have never been available on any home video format before ( though some exceptions have been noted by the label 's founder and programmer ) , and all films are newly mastered to High Definition from the best available film materials from the BFI National Archive or from the collections of filmmakers . Each title was originally released on both DVD and Blu-ray , but since The Pleasure Girls in a dual format release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ee1fe32a7a6b00990695882bd51022b", "text": "Cine Foundation International Cine Foundation International is London-based non-profit film company and human rights NGO `` aiming to 'em power open consciousness through cinema ' '' . The foundation was formed in December 2010 by American filmmaker Jesse Richards , founder of the Remodernist film movement , South Korean film critic Blue Un Sok Kim and Tobias Morgan , formerly the developer of `` The Garage '' on Mubi . On 3 January 2011 , CFI announced their launch of a campaign of protest films and public actions calling for the release of imprisoned Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi . `` The campaign will include protest films that speak to human rights issues in Iran and throughout the world , six of which are commissioned feature-length , plus twenty shorts . Participating filmmakers may act anonymously or through pseudonyms since voicing their stories can be dangerous . The films , which will address themes of nation , identity , self , spiritual culture , censorship and imprisonment , will be aimed for public , web and various exhibition media '' . In January 2011 , filmmakers Béla Tarr and Lav Diaz joined the foundation 's Board of Directors , and in February Fred Kelemen joined the Board of Directors . Also in January 2011 , CFI deployed a video protest mechanism called WHITE MEADOWS ( named for the Mohammad Rasoulof film of the same title ) and developed by Ericson deJesus ( of Yahoo! and frog design ) at the request of the foundation . The video mechanism `` allow ( s ) anyone in the world to record a short video statement about Panahi and Rasoulof . There will be an ESCAPE button at top , allowing quick exit for those in countries where recording a statement would be dangerous . There will be an option to have the screen black , and soon , voice distortion . The video statements will be recorded as mp4s , giving them maximum transmedia capacity , which essentially makes them broadcastable from any device that can show video '' . Users can also use the mechanism to comment on how they would `` like to see as an international response by the film industry '' , comment on the state of human rights in general , or to `` report a human rights abuse to the world '' . Late in 2011 , CFI launched #OccupyCinema , an ongoing collective project in collaboration with the global Occupy movement . The project encompasses `` public space projections onto buildings or other public surfaces -- broadcasting films , video documents or live feeds , with the intention of decentralising traditional broadcast monopolies and information power structures where these interfere with freedom of speech or otherwise compel human beings to surrender to the agendas of ethically bankrupt regimes . '' On November 1 , #OccupyCinema will launch public displays of films in New York City , Dallas , Kansas , London and Paris , with more to follow over the next week . Tobias Morgan resigned as Chair in Autumn 2011 , having been commissioned to make a Cine Foundation International feature film dedicated to the Iranian film producer Katayoun Shahabi . Jesse Richards resigned in 2012 , and Blue Un Sok Kim took the Chair . Category : International human rights organizations Category : Organisations based in the United Kingdom Category : Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom Category : Film organisations in the United Kingdom", "title": "" }, { "docid": "345ed170ae56cc348e9582d321657e1f", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Sigourney Weaver The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress Sigourney Weaver . She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1988 film Working Girl , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress ( drama ) for the 1988 film Gorillas in the Mist , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1997 film The Ice Storm . She is also a three-time Academy Award nominee , three-time Emmy Award nominee and a Tony Award nominee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56d3e2b5614b19523b7b86f2c065f49", "text": "The Trouble with Cali The Trouble with Cali is an American drama film . The film was directed by Paul Sorvino and written by his daughter Amanda Sorvino . It stars Laurence Leboeuf , Glynnis O'Connor , Chris Meyer , Raviv Ullman and RZA . The film will not be released in theaters as a distribution deal was not able to be successfully negotiated spurring contention with Lackawanna County , Pennsylvania , residents as $ 500,000 in tax payer funds was used to finance the film . Subsequently , the Scranton Cultural Center hosted a free premier of the film on July 9 , 2015 , with additional showings on July 10 , 2015 and July 11 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eec3b68babf0a2181cb8a19f587f82e6", "text": "Jack the Dog Jack the Dog is a 2001 American comedy-drama film , written and directed by Bobby Roth and starring Nestor Carbonell , Barbara Williams , Barry Newman , and Anthony LaPaglia . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , 2001 , and was released on DVD in the United States by Rivercoast Films on August 12 , 2008 . A sequel , Manhood , was released in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8022c0b7e5c0b7429698a76c7a36910e", "text": "Junket Whore Junket Whore is a 1998 documentary film directed by Debbie Melnyk and hosted by Lauren Hutton . This revealing documentary explores the relationship between Hollywood 's publicists and the entertainment journalists . It also stars many Hollywood artists including Sylvester Stallone , Martin Short , Alicia Silverstone , Charlie Sheen , Hugh Grant , Ed Harris , Gérard Depardieu , Jack Nicholson , Brooke Shields , Matthew McConaughey , Ashley Judd , Sharon Stone , John Travolta , Kelly Preston , Emma Thompson , Arnold Schwarzenegger , Tom Cruise , Nicolas Cage , Clint Eastwood , Jim Carrey , Robert De Niro , Whoopi Goldberg , Robin Williams , Richard Gere , Antonio Banderas , Pauly Shore , Sean Connery , Julianne Moore , Madonna , and Anthony Hopkins . It was produced by Rick Caine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a5e47706effb3a7f7c2fa2854ea8f6a", "text": "A Certain Sacrifice A Certain Sacrifice is a 1985 American drama film co-written and directed by Stephen Jon Lewicki and starring Madonna , Jeremy Pattnosh and Charles Kurtz . It was Madonna 's first movie , filmed around September 1979 , but not released until 1985 . The film is an `` oddball '' independent film , shot on-and-off over two years in New York City for just $ 20,000 . Madonna finished her scenes in the Fall of 1980 . Almost all of the cast were unpaid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b2c212a115b1bbc87d68ef368116472", "text": "Ouija: Origin of Evil Ouija : Origin of Evil is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed and edited by Mike Flanagan and written by Flanagan and Jeff Howard . The film is a prequel to the 2014 film Ouija and stars Elizabeth Reaser , Annalise Basso , Lulu Wilson , Parker Mack , Doug Jones and Henry Thomas . Unlike its predecessor , the film 's plot focuses on a widow and her family adding a Ouija board to their phony seance business where , unbeknownst to them , they invite a spirit that possesses the youngest daughter . The film was released on October 21 , 2016 by Universal Studios , grossing over $ 81 million . The film received positive reviews , with many praising it as a significant improvement over its predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51deea949c56de4e5123f231e7f8961f", "text": "Marilyn Joi Marilyn Joi ( born May 22 , 1945 ) is an American actress who appeared in a number of exploitation films during the 1970s . She starred in several films by Al Adamson including The Naughty Stewardesses ( 1974 ) , Blazing Stewardesses ( 1975 ) and Black Samurai ( 1977 ) , and played the henchwoman Velvet in Ilsa , Harem Keeper of the Oil Sheiks ( 1976 ) , and Cleopatra Schwartz in The Kentucky Fried Movie ( 1977 ) . Among her other film credits were roles in Hit Man ( 1972 ) , Mean Mother ( 1974 ) , The Candy Tangerine Man ( 1975 ) , Mansion of the Doomed ( 1976 ) , The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington ( 1977 ) , Nurse Sherri ( 1978 ) and Galaxina ( 1980 ) . She was often credited as Tracy King , Tracy Ann King and T.A. King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7689db3d632535b18f675c952f712b9e	Justice (DC Comics) was written by two writers.	[ { "docid": "d167f7638b73578deaff2938f0df6d45", "text": "Justice (DC Comics) Justice is a twelve-issue American comic book limited series published bimonthly by DC Comics from August 2005 through June 2007 , written by Alex Ross and Jim Krueger , with art also by Ross and Doug Braithwaite . Its story involves the superhero team known as the Justice League of America confronting the supervillain team the Legion of Doom , after every supervillain is motivated by a shared dream that seems to be a vision of the planet 's destruction which they intend to avoid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4909f509dfad1404e54ea311f877c3a1", "text": "Jim Krueger Jim Krueger is an American comic book writer , novelist , and filmmaker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ff979b8ad35cb0ad6b9ebd0a9f70393", "text": "Alex Ross Nelson Alexander `` Alex '' Ross ( born January 22 , 1970 ) is an American comic book writer/artist known primarily for his painted interiors , covers , and design work . He first became known with the 1994 miniseries Marvels , on which he collaborated with writer Kurt Busiek for Marvel Comics . He has since done a variety of projects for both Marvel and DC Comics , such as the 1996 miniseries Kingdom Come , which Ross co-wrote . Since then he has done covers and character designs for Busiek 's series Astro City , and various projects for Dynamite Entertainment . His feature film work includes concept and narrative art for Spider-Man and Spider-Man 2 , and DVD packaging art for the M. Night Shyamalan film Unbreakable . He has done covers for TV Guide , promotional artwork for the Academy Awards , posters and packaging design for video games , and his renditions of superheroes have been merchandised as action figures . Ross ' style has been said to exhibit `` a Norman-Rockwell-meets-George-Pérez vibe '' , and has been praised for its realistic , human depictions of classic comic book characters . His rendering style , his attention to detail , and the perceived tendency of his characters to be depicted staring off into the distance in cover images has been satirized in Mad magazine . Because of the time it takes Ross to produce his art , he primarily serves as a plotter and/or cover artist . Comics Buyer 's Guide Senior Editor Maggie Thompson , commenting on that publication 's retirement of the Favorite Painter award from their CBG Fan Awards due to Ross ' domination of that category , stated in 2010 , `` Ross may simply be the field 's Favorite Painter , period . That 's despite the fact that many outstanding painters are at work in today 's comic books . ''", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bbf89ea9bebfb9a55b05485443b0f040", "text": "Poetic justice (disambiguation) Poetic justice is a literary device in which virtue is ultimately rewarded or vice punished , without being the first a logic causation of the last . Poetic justice may also refer to : Poetic Justice ( film ) , a 1993 film written and directed by John Singleton and starring Janet Jackson , Tupac Shakur , Regina King , and Joe Torry `` Poetic Justice '' ( song ) , a song by American hip hop recording artist Kendrick Lamar , taken from his 2012 second studio album , Good Kid , M.A.A.D City Poetic Justice ( Stan Rogers album ) , 1996 compact disc containing two radio plays : Harris and the Mare and The Sisters Poetic Justice ( Lillian Axe album ) , a 1992 album by glam metal band Lillian Axe Poetic Justice ( Steve Harley album ) , a 1996 album by Steve Harley Poetic Justice ( film ) , the official movie soundtrack to John Singleton 's film Poetic Justice Poetic Justice ( TV series ) , a Singaporean TV series Poetic Justice , historical novel by Nigel Tranter Poetic Justice ( Porridge ) , an episode of the BBC sitcom Porridge", "title": "" }, { "docid": "499ed0c5045fe4358bb2ef72d6a9506a", "text": "JLA: Act of God JLA : Act of God is a three issue limited series published by DC Comics under the Elseworlds banner in 2000 . It is written by Doug Moench and illustrated by Dave Ross . The story is a psychological look at what could happen to many superheroes if their powers were taken away by an unseen natural event , and has them pondering whether or not it is right for them to have powers in the first place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e755ef9f37b26d843bdd41babfc75259", "text": "Liberty & Justice Liberty and Justice '' are two characters from Erik Larsen 's the Savage Dragon comic book series . Brother and sister they are the children of major supporting character SuperPatriot . The twins are deliberately total opposites of each other . Liberty is fierce , strong-willed , outspoken and temperamental but gullible while Justice is subservient , keen , polite and rather un-intelligent . Neither of them have any powers but are both in top physical condition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd83c9c0f48cf3ce95dab89af9fb990e", "text": "The World's Greatest Super-Heroes The World 's Greatest Super-Heroes is the name to the oversized slipcased hardcover anthology collection , that reprinted six oversized graphic novels all created by artist Alex Ross and writer Paul Dini . Four graphic novels were originally published to celebrate the 60th anniversary of DC main characters : Superman , Batman , Captain Marvel and Wonder Woman , thus Superman : Peace on Earth were published in 1998 , Batman : War on Crime in 1999 , Shazam ! : Power of Hope in 2000 and finally Wonder Woman : Spirit of Truth in 2001 . Alex Ross original idea was make a statement about the four superhero comics archetypes : Science Fiction ( Superman ) , Crime/Mystery ( Batman ) , Magic ( Captain Marvel ) and Myth ( Wonder Woman ) . In the following year , DC Comics also published one extra book : JLA : Secret Origins . Not featuring any storyline whatsoever , it only presented the origins of the four main characters already published in the previous books and the origins of other Justice League characters : Green Lantern , Flash , Green Arrow , Black Canary , Martian Manhunter , Hawkman , Hawkgirl and Plastic Man . Every origin was present in two-pages layout based on Joe Shuster 's origin of Superman from Action Comics # 1 . The final book , published in 2003 , JLA : Liberty and Justice presented a full story featuring the entire group , the first time that Alex Ross was able to use all characters in the current timeline . The artwork is of Ross ' very own photorealism , and the books themselves were created after the success of Ross ' and writer Mark Waid 's famous Kingdom Come . The World 's Greatest Super-Heroes was released on August 1 , 2005 on dust-jacket slipcase hardcover edition ( 9.6 '' x 13 '' ) and got paperback reprint ( 8.2 '' x 11 '' ) on September 28 , 2010 . Both collected versions are smaller than the original Treasury Editions ( 10 '' x 13.5 '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51aa1384938515afbfb40ba61bb19a08", "text": "Jakeem Thunder Jakeem Thunder ( Jakeem Johnny Williams ) , initially called J.J. Thunder , is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe , a member of the superhero team the Justice Society of America . Jakeem first appeared in Flash ( vol . 2 ) # 134 ( February 1998 ) , and was created by Grant Morrison , Mark Millar and Paul Ryan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11b16a6ce3da304b8818a5e5ceed3bdd", "text": "Mike Gold (comics) Michael Gold ( born August 4 , 1950 ) was media coordinator for the defense for the Chicago Conspiracy Trial , is a former Group Editor and Director of Editorial Development at DC Comics , co-founder of First Comics , and the co-founder and director of communication National Runaway Switchboard as well as a disk jockey in Chicago in the 1970s . Gold launched First Comics in 1983 with a line-up of creators including Frank Brunner , Mike Grell , Howard Chaykin , Joe Staton , Steven Grant , Timothy Truman , and John Ostrander . Among the titles Gold edited were Chaykin 's satirical futuristic cop series American Flagg ; Ostrander and Truman 's GrimJack ; Mike Baron & Steve Rude 's Nexus ; Badger ; Jim Starlin 's space opera series Dreadstar and Mike Grell 's Jon Sable Freelance , which was briefly adapted for TV . In 1986 , Gold left First Comics and returned to DC , where he edited Legends , The Shadow , The Question , Action Comics Weekly , Green Arrow : The Longbow Hunters , Blackhawk , and Hawkworld . In 2005 , Gold revived Jon Sable Freelance and GrimJack for IDW Publishing with new miniseries and reprint collections of the First Comics issues , and would also publish a complete collection of Mars . In 2006 , Gold co-founded ComicMix with Brian Alvey and Glenn Hauman . In 2011 , he received the first Humanitarian Award from the Hero Initiative during the Harvey Awards ceremony at the Baltimore Comic-Con . Gold has worked with the Organic Theater Company of Chicago and the American Shakespeare Theatre , been involved with numerous political efforts , and a significant contributor to an award-winning Head Start and early childhood education program for the Child Care Center of Stamford . His writings have appeared in a wide range of newspapers and magazines , including The Chicago Tribune , The Realist and MacUser magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c90ec646b8e4287de192aa41784d8d3", "text": "JSA: The Liberty Files JSA : The Liberty Files is a comic book published by DC Comics . The writers were Dan Jolley and Tony Harris . The artists were Harris and Ray Snyder . The books were originally written as two separate two-issue stories ; JSA : The Liberty File in 2000 and a sequel , JSA : The Unholy Three in 2003 . They were published as a single volume collection in 2004 . In 2012 , an additional sequel entitled JSA : The Liberty Files - The Whistling Skull debuted , again with Tony Harris , and featuring B. Clay Moore as the writer . The series was created as part of DC 's Elseworlds line ; stories that are considered non-canonical . This series was based on characters from the Justice Society of America but portrayed them as covert government operatives in a World War II-era setting , rather than their traditional portrayal as superheroes fighting criminals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b38916b0f92c28cc89a41a556de5ac5f", "text": "The Adventures of Superman (novel) The Adventures of Superman is a novel by George Lowther . It was first published in 1942 with illustrations by Joe Shuster , the co-creator of Superman . A facsimile edition was released in 1995 by Applewood Books , with a new introduction by Roger Stern . This book is the first novelization of a comic book character , and also the first Superman story credited to someone other than Jerry Siegel . It was Lowther who first provided many now-familiar details of Superman 's birth and early life . The first two chapters provided the first detailed description of the planet Krypton , and renamed Kal-El 's parents Jor-El and Lara who previously had been named Jor-L and Lora . The next three chapters dealt with Clark Kent 's childhood on the farm of his adoptive parents , Eben and Sarah Kent . ( In the comics , the Kents suffered through many name changes before settling on Jonathan and Martha in 1952 . ) In the sixth chapter , Clark arrived in Metropolis and got a job with the Daily Planet , while the remaining eleven chapters deal with a mystery involving ghost ships and Nazi spies . The book is illustrated with four full-page color illustrations , six full-page black-and-white illustrations , and numerous sketches , all examples of Joe Shuster 's work . Category :1942 American novels Category : Superman novels Category :1940 s fantasy novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0da6c43890e9ad58f1782bb5bbef619", "text": "Justice (2006 TV series) Justice is an American legal drama produced by Jerry Bruckheimer that aired on Fox in the USA and CTV in Canada . The series also aired on Warner Channel in Latin America , Nine Network in Australia , and on TV2 In New Zealand . It first was broadcast on Wednesdays at 9:00 but , due to low ratings , it was rescheduled to Mondays at 9:00 , in the hope viewers of the hit series Prison Break would stay tuned . On November 13 , 2006 , the show was put on hiatus , but two days later the network announced it was shifting it to Fridays at 8:00 to replace the canceled Vanished . Fourteen episodes of the series were ordered , of which 13 episodes were produced . Twelve of the episodes of Justice have aired in the United States with the final episode airing in Mexico , the UK and Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d774bfd394964854245f305a25ea548b", "text": "Joe Quesada Joseph `` Joe '' Quesada ( -LSB- kəˈsɑːdə -RSB- born January 12 , 1962 ) is an American comic book editor , writer and artist . He became known in the 1990s for his work on various Valiant Comics books , such as Ninjak and Solar , Man of the Atom . He later worked on numerous books for DC Comics and Marvel Comics , such as Batman : Sword of Azrael and X-Factor , before forming his own company , Event Comics , where he published his creator-owned character , Ash . In 1998 he became an editor of Marvel Comics ' Marvel Knights line , before becoming editor-in-chief of the company in 2000 . He was named Chief Creative Officer of Marvel Entertainment in 2010 and left his editor-in-chief role in January 2011 , being replaced by Axel Alonso . He was , at his retirement , the longest-serving Marvel editor-in-chief other than Stan Lee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7335e00308cd8bd5ab1c4f5bc98d34aa", "text": "List of Justice Society members The Justice Society of America is a team of comic book superheroes published by DC Comics . JSA members are listed here only once - in order of their first joining the team . Retconned members are listed only where they historically took part in the stories . Only official members are listed . No unofficial , reserves or honorary members . Characters in bold are currently active JSA members . Note : In the wake of DC Comics ' Flashpoint event , the history of the JSA has been rebooted . A new version of the team appears in the series Earth-2 . Characters ' last known status is listed below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "191ae2646a841f7f946b15ed17a965a8", "text": "Ron Marz Ron Marz ( born 17 November 1965 ) is an American comic book writer , known for his work on titles such as Batman/Aliens , DC vs. Marvel , Green Lantern , Silver Surfer , and Witchblade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "936dafaa10a1ece6d4530de0956d71de", "text": "Superman: World of New Krypton Superman : World of New Krypton is a twelve-issue American comic book limited series produced by DC Comics . It is written by the team of James Robinson and Greg Rucka , who at the time of this publication are the current writers of the Superman and Action Comics titles , and illustrated by artist Pete Woods . World of New Krypton takes place after the crossover Superman : New Krypton , in which approximately 100,000 Kryptonians and their city of Kandor are saved by Superman from the alien Brainiac and restored to existence . After spending time on Earth , the Kryptonians raise the city into space where they form the planet New Krypton in Earth 's solar system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25361dc58698cdc5d4e641ad2faf982d", "text": "Mercy (Vertigo) Mercy ( 1993 ) is an American graphic novel , written by J. M. DeMatteis and illustrated by Paul Johnson , published by DC Comics ' Vertigo imprint . It tells the tale of bitter , cynical Joshua Rose . While in a coma after a stroke , he finds himself drifting through states of Limbo . There he witnesses the personification of Mercy battling many of the personal demons and afflictions of mankind , including himself . Despite his initial hostility toward her , he finally comes to accept and appreciate her qualities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea098f683e14a2506208c42450d05df", "text": "Justice League of Earth Justice League of Earth are fictional characters , a supervillain team of the 31st Century in the DC Comics universe . They were created by Geoff Johns and Gary Frank and first appeared in Action Comics # 859 ( January , 2008 ) as enemies of the Legion of Super-Heroes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25eac6cf6a251e248f8d7ab0fd85f21d", "text": "Gotham Central Gotham Central is a police procedural comic-book series that was published by DC Comics . It was written by Ed Brubaker and Greg Rucka , with pencils initially by Michael Lark . The story focused on the Gotham City Police Department and the difficulties of its officers living and working in Gotham City , home of Batman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7a5a2cda2ca5d3ac3663e935d4d3bf", "text": "Batman: Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader? `` Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader ? '' is a 2009 story featuring the DC Comics character Batman . The story is published in two parts , in the `` final '' issues of the series Batman ( # 686 ) and Detective Comics ( # 853 ) , released February and April respectively . Written by Neil Gaiman , pencilled by Andy Kubert , and inked by Scott Williams , the story is purported to be the `` last '' Batman story in the wake of severe psychological trauma that Batman endures within the Batman R.I.P. story , and his ultimate fate in Final Crisis . The story 's title is a reference to the backup stories published in DC Comics Presents from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s ( which revisited various long-unused Golden Age and Silver Age characters ; these stories were all titled `` Whatever Happened to ( x ) ? '' ) akin to writer Alan Moore 's `` last '' Superman story Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow ? .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afd983ce80863b7f14f0bfce0a9e7e68", "text": "All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman . The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' . The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint . Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' . With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe100e9479909397d61bb455b3065044", "text": "Donald Justice Donald Justice ( August 12 , 1925 -- August 6 , 2004 ) was an American poet and teacher of writing . In summing up Justice 's career David Orr wrote , `` In most ways , Justice was no different from any number of solid , quiet older writers devoted to traditional short poems . But he was different in one important sense : sometimes his poems were n't just good ; they were great . They were great in the way that Elizabeth Bishop 's poems were great , or Thom Gunn 's or Philip Larkin 's . They were great in the way that tells us what poetry used to be , and is , and will be . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d88b9063b91adabff09607cee0861c1", "text": "Titans/Young Justice: Graduation Day Titans/Young Justice : Graduation Day was a three-part comic book limited series published by DC Comics . It was written by Judd Winick and illustrated by Ale Garza ( pencils ) and Trevor Scott ( inks ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4e293ba6ec7b1d8915a721e9d33a7027	Cirrhosis can soothe itchiness.	[ { "docid": "f626ea82b6d8aceb14917da296665839", "text": "Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage . This damage is characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue . Typically , the disease develops slowly over months or years . Early on , there are often no symptoms . As the disease worsens , a person may become tired , weak , itchy , have swelling in the lower legs , develop yellow skin , bruise easily , have fluid build up in the abdomen , or develop spider-like blood vessels on the skin . The fluid build-up in the abdomen may become spontaneously infected . Other complications include hepatic encephalopathy , bleeding from dilated veins in the esophagus or dilated stomach veins , and liver cancer . Hepatic encephalopathy results in confusion and may lead to unconsciousness . Cirrhosis is most commonly caused by alcohol , hepatitis B , hepatitis C , and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease . Typically , more than two or three alcoholic drinks per day over a number of years is required for alcoholic cirrhosis to occur . Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has a number of causes , including being overweight , diabetes , high blood fats , and high blood pressure . A number of less common causes of cirrhosis include autoimmune hepatitis , primary biliary cirrhosis , hemochromatosis , certain medications , and gallstones . Diagnosis is based on blood testing , medical imaging , and liver biopsy . Some causes of cirrhosis , such as hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination . Treatment partly depends on the underlying cause , but the goal is often to prevent worsening and complications . Avoiding alcohol is recommended in all cases of cirrhosis . Hepatitis B and C may be treatable with antiviral medications . Autoimmune hepatitis may be treated with steroid medications . Ursodiol may be useful if the disease is due to blockage of the bile ducts . Other medications may be useful for complications such as abdominal or leg swelling , hepatic encephalopathy , and dilated esophageal veins . In severe cirrhosis , a liver transplant may be an option . Cirrhosis affected about 2.8 million people and resulted in 1.3 million deaths in 2015 . Of these , alcohol caused 348,000 , hepatitis C caused 326,000 , and hepatitis B caused 371,000 . In the United States , more men die of cirrhosis than women . The first known description of the condition is by Hippocrates in the 5th century BCE . The word cirrhosis is from κίρρωσις kirrhos κιρρός `` yellowish '' and - osis meaning `` condition '' , describing the appearance of a cirrhotic liver .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ad94486add815eb5645f9d2cb5bb6ed5", "text": "Assist (Scientology) The Scientology Assist is a procedure claimed to alleviate `` a present time -LSB- current -RSB- discomfort '' or bring a person who has recently died back to life . Assists are claimed to address the spirit , the person themselves , in bringing about a speedier recovery from illness and injury . For this reason it is made very clear that Assists do not `` heal the body '' , it is the spirit that helps heal the body and that is what assists are actually addressing and there are many records where parishioners of the Church have attested to their effectiveness either receiving or administering them . There are many different types of Assists that anyone can easily and swiftly learn to do at home for aiding recovery of all manner of illnesses , accidents and injuries and even domestic upsets , of any and all age groups including babies and even pets . There are also assists to , Scientologists believe , help make someone sober or recover from the loss of a loved one . No drugs or medication is used . They are not intended to replace competent professional medical treatment , which is why they are correctly called ASSISTS and not `` medicine '' or `` healing '' . They are thought to assist the ill or injured person themselves to recover more swiftly in the way they were designed and prescribed , as well as in conjunction with competent professional medical treatment where necessary . Assists can and often are administered without any medical treatment necessary , but does not replace it when it is necessary . Thousands of examples of miraculous results of Assists are claimed . The Church and its founder have been accused of unauthorized `` healing '' or `` practicing medicine '' ( i.e. addressing the body ) with Assists , when internal publications within the Church on Assist procedure state this is not the case . In the past , the Church of Scientology has received negative attention from law enforcement and regulatory agencies for practicing medicine without proper licensing . Thus , even though assists are intended to treat pain , injuries , and even death , modern Church of Scientology publications are careful to note that they are not intended to replace medicine , since it often goes against current scientific understanding of the subject and may result in direct conflict with the relevant authorities . As the Scientology Handbook ( 1994 edition ) states , `` Medical examination and diagnosis should be sought where needed , and where treatment is routinely successful , medical treatment should be obtained . An assist is not a substitute for medical treatment and does not attempt to cure injuries requiring medical aid , but is complementary ( adds ) to it . '' </blockquote>", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf5b6cddf57c5682b53c29cf6c0c8c75", "text": "Burantashi Burantashi ( literally `` penis get up '' ) is a native Hausa-Fulani powder derived from the bark of the African tree Pausinystalia yohimbe . Burantashi is used as a food additive to barbecued meat ( suya ) in Nigeria , especially the Northern parts . The extracts contain the alkaloid yohimbine , an alpha-2 antagonist that has been used widely with variable success in erectile dysfunction , but the whole bark of the tree was not studied until recently . In one recent study , pure Burantashi powder obtained from a local suya vendor in Lagos , Nigeria was extracted aqueously and studied on the renal circulation of Sprague-Dawley rats . In the in vivo study , the extract code-named `` CCD-X '' , caused a rise in mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) , and a rise in renal medullary blood flow ( MBF ) . This systemic vasoconstrictor and renal medullary dilator action was attenuated separately by the endothelin - A receptor blocker - BMS-182874 , ET-B blocker - BQ788 , but blocked by their combination . Further , the nitric oxide inhibitor ( NO ) , L-Nomega - nitro-Arginine Methyl Ester ( L-NAME ) 10 mg/kg totally inhibited the rise in medullary blood flow due to CCD-X . In vitro studies in isolated perfused kidneys ( IPK ) and in pressurised microvessels ( PMV ) confirmed the in vivo effect to cause vasoconstriction , which was inhibited by endothelin A and B antagonists . The pressor dose response characteristic of CCD-X on PMV was similar to that of endothelin-1 with EC50 close to 100 ng . It was concluded from these studies that , the aqueous extract exhibited a vasoconstrictor effect - possibly alpha-2 mediated like yohimbine . However , it possessed additional effects as an andothelin receptor A and B agonist , and also released nitric oxide . The possibility of a post-receptor cross-talk among ET-B , alpha-2 receptors and NO release was also considered . Thin layer chromatography showed that the bark is rich in sesquiterpenes , and has antifungal and antibiotic properties as well . Whether CCD-X will be useful in sickle cell disease ( releasing NO ) is unknown . Further basic and clinical research are needed before the effects of Burantashi can be effectively evaluated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753047446e11c2f189ba749705e77cc2", "text": "Placate", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb338cef415fce471641b40c7957409d", "text": "Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis , also known as hypochondria , health anxiety or illness anxiety disorder , refers to worry about having a serious illness . This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition . An individual suffering from hypochondriasis is known as a hypochondriac . Hypochondriacs become unduly alarmed about any physical or psychological symptoms they detect , no matter how minor the symptom may be , and are convinced that they have , or are about to be diagnosed with , a serious illness . Often , hypochondria persists even after a physician has evaluated a person and reassured them that their concerns about symptoms do not have an underlying medical basis or , if there is a medical illness , their concerns are far in excess of what is appropriate for the level of disease . Many hypochondriacs focus on a particular symptom as the catalyst of their worrying , such as gastro-intestinal problems , palpitations , or muscle fatigue . To qualify for the diagnosis of hypochondria the symptoms must have been experienced for at least 6 months . The DSM-IV-TR defines this disorder , `` Hypochondriasis '' , as a somatoform disorder and one study has shown it to affect about 3 % of the visitors to primary care settings . The newly published DSM-5 replaces the diagnosis of hypochondriasis with the diagnoses of `` somatic symptom disorder '' and `` illness anxiety disorder '' . Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily or mental symptoms may indicate a serious illness , constant self-examination and self-diagnosis , and a preoccupation with one 's body . Many individuals with hypochondriasis express doubt and disbelief in the doctors ' diagnosis , and report that doctors ' reassurance about an absence of a serious medical condition is unconvincing , or short-lasting . Additionally , many hypochondriacs experience elevated blood pressure , stress , and anxiety in the presence of doctors or while occupying a medical facility , a condition known as `` white coat syndrome '' . Many hypochondriacs require constant reassurance , either from doctors , family , or friends , and the disorder can become a disabling torment for the individual with hypochondriasis , as well as his or her family and friends . Some hypochondriacal individuals completely avoid any reminder of illness , whereas others frequently visit medical facilities , sometimes obsessively . Some sufferers may never speak about it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6c496afbe921fc15ee3d12b23dfb5cc", "text": "Chagas disease Chagas disease , also known as American trypanosomiasis , is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi . It is spread mostly by insects known as Triatominae or kissing bugs . The symptoms change over the course of the infection . In the early stage , symptoms are typically either not present or mild , and may include fever , swollen lymph nodes , headaches , or local swelling at the site of the bite . After 8 -- 12 weeks , individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60 -- 70 % it never produces further symptoms . The other 30 to 40 % of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection , including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30 % , leading to heart failure . An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10 % of people . T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking `` kissing bugs '' of the subfamily Triatominae . These insects are known by a number of local names , including : vinchuca in Argentina , Bolivia , Chile and Paraguay , barbeiro ( the barber ) in Brazil , pito in Colombia , chinche in Central America , and chipo in Venezuela . The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion , organ transplantation , eating food contaminated with the parasites , and by vertical transmission ( from a mother to her fetus ) . Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope . Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood . Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites . Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions . A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013 . Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox . Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early , but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease . When used in chronic disease , medication may delay or prevent the development of end -- stage symptoms . Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40 % of people including skin disorders , brain toxicity , and digestive system irritation . It is estimated that 6.6 million people , mostly in Mexico , Central America and South America , have Chagas disease as of 2015 . In 2015 , Chagas was estimated to result in 8,000 deaths . Most people with the disease are poor , and most do not realize they are infected . Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States . These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014 . The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named . Chagas disease is classified as a neglected tropical disease . It affects more than 150 other animals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa499be71e1472dee360d0ea5a41bd8e", "text": "Formication Formication is the medical term for a sensation that exactly resembles that of small insects crawling on ( or under ) the skin . It is one specific form of a set of sensations known as paresthesias , which also include the more common prickling , tingling sensation known as `` pins and needles '' . Formication is a well documented symptom , which has numerous possible causes . The word is derived from formica , the Latin word for ant . Formication may sometimes be experienced as feelings of itchiness , tingling , pins and needles , burning , or even pain . When formication is perceived as itchiness , it may trigger the scratch reflex , and because of this , some people who are suffering from the sensation are at risk of causing skin damage through excessive scratching . In some instances , static electricity can attract particulates to the skin and can also cause body hair to move , giving a sensation like insects crawling over the skin . However , in many cases no external trigger creates the sensation . In rare cases , individuals become convinced that the sensation they are suffering is due to the presence of real insects on or under the skin . In these cases , patients have what is known as delusional parasitosis . They believe that their skin is inhabited by , or under attack by , small insects or similar parasites , despite repeated reassurances from physicians , pest control experts , and entomologists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46b6355525136e2a5314f7937fc79e18", "text": "Complex regional pain syndrome Complex regional pain syndrome ( CRPS ) , also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy ( RSD ) , is a long term pain syndrome that often worsens with time . It is characterized by severe pain out of proportion to the original injury and is often accompanied by sensitivity , swelling , and changes in the skin . It may initially affect one limb and then spread throughout the body ; 35 % of affected people report symptoms throughout their whole body . The cause of CRPS is unknown though CRPS is associated with dysregulation of the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system resulting in abnormal temperature control and pain of the affected limb ( s ) resulting in functional impairment and disability . Precipitating factors include injury and surgery , although there are cases where no identifiable injury had occurred at the original site . CRPS is not caused by psychological factors , yet the constant pain and reduced quality of life are known to cause psychological problems ( such as increased depression and anxiety ) . Although `` research does not reveal support for specific personality or psychopathology predictors of the condition , '' CRPS is associated with psychosocial effects , including impaired social and occupational function . It is classified as an amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome . Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach involving medications , physical and occupational therapy , psychological treatments , and neuromodulation . Despite this the results are often unsatisfactory , especially if treatment is delayed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f289277e406385014b8126dd348bc75", "text": "Miliaria Miliaria ( -LSB- ˌmɪl.iˈɛər.i.ə -RSB- also called `` sweat rash '' , `` heat rash '' or `` prickly heat '' ) is a skin disease marked by small and itchy rashes . Miliaria is a common ailment in hot and humid conditions , such as in the tropics and during the summer season . Although it affects people of all ages , it is especially common in children and infants due to their underdeveloped sweat glands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c4b7f594a0dda3270ae22ff08594975", "text": "Glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss . The most common type is open-angle glaucoma with less common types including closed-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma . Open-angle glaucoma develops slowly over time and there is no pain . Side vision may begin to decrease followed by central vision resulting in blindness if not treated . Closed-angle glaucoma can present gradually or suddenly . The sudden presentation may involve severe eye pain , blurred vision , mid-dilated pupil , redness of the eye , and nausea . Vision loss from glaucoma , once it has occurred , is permanent . Risk factors for glaucoma include increased pressure in the eye , a family history of the condition , migraines , high blood pressure , and obesity . For eye pressures a value of greater than 21 mmHg is often used with higher pressures leading to a greater risk . However , some may have high eye pressure for years and never develop damage . Conversely , optic nerve damage may occur with normal pressure , known as normal-tension glaucoma . The mechanism of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be slow exit of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork while in closed-angle glaucoma the iris blocks the trabecular meshwork . Diagnosis is by a dilated eye examination . Often the optic nerve shows an abnormal amount of cupping . If treated early it is possible to slow or stop the progression of disease with medication , laser treatment , or surgery . The goal of these treatments is to decrease eye pressure . A number of different classes of glaucoma medication are available . Laser treatments may be effective in both open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma . A number of types of glaucoma surgeries may be used in people who do not respond sufficiently to other measures . Treatment of closed-angle glaucoma is a medical emergency . About 6 to 67 million people have glaucoma globally . The disease affects about 2 million people in the United States . It occurs more commonly among older people . Closed-angle glaucoma is more common in women . Glaucoma has been called the `` silent thief of sight '' because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time . Worldwide , glaucoma is the second-leading cause of blindness after cataracts . The word `` glaucoma '' is from ancient Greek glaukos which means blue , green , or gray . In English , the word was used as early as 1587 but did not become commonly used until after 1850 , when the development of the ophthalmoscope allowed people to see the optic nerve damage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fae974d66178ff06f2b0cc61255f8e1e", "text": "Porphyria Porphyria is a group of diseases in which substances called porphyrins build up , affecting the skin or nervous system . The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria . Symptoms of acute porphyria include abdominal pain , chest pain , vomiting , confusion , constipation , fever , and seizures . These symptoms typically come and go with attacks that last for days to weeks . Attacks may be triggered by alcohol , smoking , stress , or certain medications . If the skin is affected , blisters or itching may occur with sunlight exposure . The disease is usually inherited from a person 's parents and is due to a mutation in one of the genes that make heme . Some types are autosomal dominant and others are autosomal recessive . One type , porphyria cutanea tarda , may also be due to increased iron in the liver , hepatitis C , alcohol , or HIV/AIDS . The underlying mechanism results in a decrease in the amount of heme produced and a build-up of substances involved in making heme . Porphyrias may also be classified by whether the liver or the bone marrow is affected . Diagnosis is typically by blood , urine , and stool tests . Genetic testing may be done to determine the specific mutation . Treatment depends on the type of porphyria and a person 's symptoms . The treatment of porphyria of the skin generally involves the avoidance of sunlight . The treatment for acute porphyria may involve giving intravenous heme or a glucose solution . Rarely a liver transplant may be carried out . The frequency of porphyria is unclear . It is estimated that it affects 1 to 100 per 50,000 people . Rates vary around the world . Porphyria cutanea tarda is believed to be the most common type . The disease was described at least as early as 370 BC by Hippocrates . The underlying mechanism was first described by Felix Hoppe-Seyler in 1871 . The name porphyria is from the Greek πορφύρα , porphyra , meaning `` purple '' , a reference to the color of the urine that may occur during an attack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2faff3cfd503a8eb48eef754242772c2", "text": "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) is variable and uncertain , and the condition is primarily managed rather than cured . Only two treatments , cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy , have demonstrated reproducible evidence for their efficacy people with CFS who are walking . There are no Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) approved medications for ME/CFS treatment , although medications are used without approval for the illness ( off-label ) . Drugs have been used in experimental studies of the illness that have n't been approved for market for any condition in the United States ( for example , isoprinosine and rintatolimod ) . Other proposed treatments include medical treatments and alternative medicine . Even when treated , the prognosis of CFS is often poor . In one study , poor early management was reported to be a main risk factor for severe CFS ( delayed diagnosis , poor response to analgesics , physiotherapy , or alternative medicine ) , with associated variables including a poor relationship with the GP before and after diagnosis , and the involvement of a psychiatrist in initial treatment . CFS management techniques include behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT , a form of psychological therapy ) , and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) . Based on evidence from multiple randomized clinical trials ( RCTs ) , a systematic review published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ( October 2006 ) stated that CBT and GET interventions showed promising results , appearing to reduce symptoms and improve function . The review stated that the evidence of effectiveness was inconclusive for most other interventions , with some reporting significant adverse effects . The wide variety of outcome measures used in CFS research was found to be a `` fundamental problem '' for assessing the effectiveness of interventions in general , and no intervention has proven to be effective in restoring the ability to work . Recovery is `` rare '' even after a comprehensive rehabilitation programme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96cd670f58cc12e266bebcb9aab7d85e", "text": "Phytophotodermatitis Phytophotodermatitis , also known as `` lime disease '' ( not to be confused with Lyme disease ) , `` Berloque dermatitis '' , or `` Margarita photodermatitis '' is a chemical reaction which makes skin hypersensitive to ultraviolet light . It is frequently mistaken for hereditary conditions such as atopic dermatitis or chemical burns , but it is caused by contact with the photosensitizing compounds found naturally in some plants and vegetables like parsnips , citrus fruits and more . Symptoms include burning , itching and large blisters that slowly accumulate over time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b08c0f8d6499fedab241f4d7294219e9", "text": "Irritable bowel syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) is a group of symptoms -- including abdominal pain and changes in the pattern of bowel movements without any evidence of underlying damage . These symptoms occur over a long time , often years . It has been classified into four main types depending on if diarrhea is common , constipation is common , both are common , or neither occurs very often ( IBS-D , IBS-C , IBS-M , or IBS-U respectively ) . IBS negatively affects quality of life and may result in missed school or work . Disorders such as anxiety , major depression , and chronic fatigue syndrome are common among people with IBS . The causes of IBS are not clear . Theories include gut -- brain axis problems , small intestinal bacterial overgrowth , genetic factors , food sensitivity , and gut motility problems . Onset may be triggered by an intestinal infection , or stressful life event . IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder . Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in the absence of worrisome features . Worrisome features include onset at greater than 50 years of age , weight loss , blood in the stool , or a family history of inflammatory bowel disease . Other conditions that may present similarly include celiac disease , microscopic colitis , inflammatory bowel disease , bile acid malabsorption , and colon cancer . There is no cure for IBS . Treatment is carried out to improve symptoms . This may include dietary changes , medication , probiotics , and counseling . Dietary measures include increasing soluble fiber intake , a gluten free diet , or a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides , disaccharides , monosaccharides , and polyols ( FODMAP ) . The medication loperamide may be used to help with diarrhea while laxatives may be used to help with constipation . Antidepressants may improve overall symptoms and pain . Patient education and a good doctor -- patient relationship are an important part of care . About 10 to 15 % of people in the developed world are believed to be affected by IBS . It is more common in South America and less common in Southeast Asia . It is twice as common in women as men and typically occurs before age 45 . The condition appears to become less common with age . IBS does not affect life expectancy or lead to other serious diseases . The first description of the condition was in 1820 while the current term `` irritable bowel syndrome '' came into use in 1944 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5254fb5f5c70c134bf735c90b3dbf5e4", "text": "Chinese Ophthalmology Chinese ophthalmology ( Chinese 中医眼科学 , pinyin : zhōngyī yǎnkē xué ) is part of the Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) . Here diseases of the eyes are treated with Chinese herbs , acupuncture/moxibustion , tuina , Chinese dietary therapy as well as qigong and taijiquan . Inscriptions on oracle bones and tortoise shells from the Shang and Yin dynasties ( 16th century to 1066 BCE ) already contain indications of eye diseases and of their treatment in China . The work Essential Subtleties on the Silver Sea ( 银海精微 , yínhǎi jīngwēi ) has had wide influence on the Chinese ophthalmology until today . It was probably written by Sun Simiao and published at the end of the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 − 1368 ) . A particular feature of Chinese ophthalmology are the `` five wheels '' ( 五轮 , wǔlún ) and `` eight boundaries '' ( 八廓 , bākuò ) . They characterise certain anatomical segments of the eyes and correspond to certain zang-fu organs . From changes of the five wheels and eight boundaries diseases and the necessary therapy may be deduced . In modern Chinese ophthalmology in China as well as in Western countries diagnostic methods of Western medicine ( such as the slit lamp ) are combined with the diagnostic methods of Chinese medicine ( such as pulse diagnosis and tongue diagnosis ) . Then a disease pattern is stated based on the theories of Chinese medicine . Amongst others , the acupuncture points BL-1 ( jingming 睛明 , `` Bright Eyes '' ) and ST-1 ( chengqi 承泣 , `` Container of Tears '' ) are said to have a special relationship to eye diseases . Chinese herbs such as Chrysanthemi flos ( 菊花 , júhuā ) have a special relationship to the eyes . Throughout history , a number of qigong exercises for the better nourishing of the eyes have developed . They are said to prevent defective vision such as shortsightedness and are recommended in cases of eye fatigue ( so-called `` eye qigong '' ) . These exercises are regularly practised in Chinese schools . In TCM , eye qigong and tuina are considered to be important additional therapies for consolidation of the therapy results following acupuncture in shortsightedness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a188bab9de529b28adca5b886244666", "text": "Chronic liver disease Chronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis . `` Chronic liver disease '' refers to disease of the liver which lasts over a period of six months . It consists of a wide range of liver pathologies which include inflammation ( chronic hepatitis ) , liver cirrhosis , and hepatocellular carcinoma . The entire spectrum need not be experienced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a245e30cfd05df3a9c720a60972aaf5", "text": "Eschar An eschar ( -LSB- ˈɛskɑr -RSB- Greek : eschara ) is a slough or piece of dead tissue that is cast off from the surface of the skin , particularly after a burn injury , but also seen in gangrene , ulcer , fungal infections , necrotizing spider bite wounds , spotted fevers and exposure to cutaneous anthrax . The term `` eschar '' is not interchangeable with `` scab '' . An eschar contains necrotic tissue , whereas a scab is composed of dried blood and exudate . Black eschars are most commonly attributed to anthrax , which may be contracted through herd animal exposure , but can also be obtained from Pasteurella multocida exposure in cats and rabbits . A newly identified human rickettsial infection , R. parkeri rickettsiosis , can be differentiated from Rocky Mountain spotted fever by the presence of an eschar at the site of inoculation . Eschar is sometimes called a black wound because the wound is covered with thick , dry , black necrotic tissue . Eschar may be allowed to slough off naturally , or it may require surgical removal ( debridement ) to prevent infection , especially in immunocompromised patients ( e.g. if a skin graft is to be conducted ) . If eschar is on a limb , it is important to assess peripheral pulses of the affected limb to make sure blood and lymphatic circulation is not compromised . If circulation is compromised , an escharotomy , or surgical incision through the eschar , may be indicated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3634321aa6992941aa255e9884051742", "text": "Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia ( also known as `` Erythrokeratodermia progressiva symmetrica '' ) is a rare , autosomal dominant skin condition that manifests soon after birth with erythematous , hyperkeratotic plaques that are symmetrically distributed on the extremities , buttocks , and face , but sparing the trunk . No other clinical symptoms nor mental or physical signs are usually associated with the condition . Skin plaques start to appear as reddened areas of inflammation , thus often leading to the mistaken diagnosis of Atopic Dermatitis . Following inflammation , the red areas start keratinization , eventually forming the definitive plaques that appear brownish , dry and scaled . Following quite a precise temporal pattern of evolution , the keratinized plaques last for weeks or months , eventually leading to periods of desquamation that leads to the uncovering of `` normal '' skin . Then , a new cycle usually begins , leaving a variable number of days of delay between the cycles . Though environmental causes are not well understood , it seems clear that factors like sun exposure , wind and air conditioning add to the degree of skin inflammation that sets the start of a new cycle . Definitive treatment does not exist at the moment . Palliative treatment are intended to alleviate the itching that often accompanies the skin inflammation and to moisture the dry skin to prevent excessive dryness and scaling of the plaques .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a82496c77ede7db73b83993e4f36348", "text": "Nasal irrigation Nasal irrigation , or nasal lavage or nasal douche , is a personal hygiene practice in which the nasal cavity is washed to flush out mucus and debris from the nose and sinuses . The practice is generally well-tolerated and reported to be beneficial with only minor side effects . Nasal irrigation in a wider sense can also refer to the use of saline nasal spray or nebulizers to moisten the mucous membranes . According to its advocates , nasal irrigation promotes good sinus and nasal health . Patients with chronic sinusitis including symptoms of facial pain , headache , halitosis , cough , anterior rhinorrhea ( watery discharge ) and nasal congestion are reported often to find nasal irrigation to provide relief . In published studies , `` daily hypertonic saline nasal irrigation improves sinus-related quality of life , decreases symptoms , and decreases medication use in patients with frequent sinusitis '' , and irrigation is recommended as an adjunctive treatment for chronic sinonasal symptoms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4eae55b387a86a67b61efbfaa56e9ab", "text": "Psychosocial treatment of needle phobia in children While needle phobia is not age-specific , it is more common in children than in adults . The latest research from all fields indicates that needle-fear is predominant among children fears with some research claiming that up to 93 % of children experience -LSB- needle-related -RSB- stress . '' Many studies have been performed investigating psychosocial methods of helping children cope with their fear . Current research in this area has investigated several types of non-invasive treatments to aid children in their needle phobia . These can be categorized into distraction techniques and other methods . These techniques offer safer , cheaper alternatives to drug or anesthetic treatments ( see Treatment ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "404b0e5f3f32fb509832ed1f4cd1e33d", "text": "Chromotherapy Chromotherapy , sometimes called color therapy , colorology or cromatherapy , is an alternative medicine method , which is considered pseudoscience . Chromotherapists claim to be able to use light in the form of color to balance `` energy '' lacking from a person 's body , whether it be on physical , emotional , spiritual , or mental levels . Research has shown it is ineffective . Color therapy is distinct from other types of light therapy , such as neonatal jaundice treatment and blood irradiation therapy which is a scientifically accepted medical treatment for a number of conditions , and from photobiology , the scientific study of the effects of light on living organisms .", "title": "" } ]	fever
085cd475a9d835a216017272c5adcbf2	Bela Lugosi was in a Broadway show.	[ { "docid": "d783a182cdae08fe4e746353428cc4ba", "text": "Bela Lugosi Béla Ferenc Dezső Blaskó ( -LSB- ˈbeːlɒ ˈfɛrɛnt͡s ˈdɛʒøː ˈblɒʃkoː -RSB- ; 20 October 1882 -- 16 August 1956 ) , better known as Bela Lugosi ( -LSB- ləˈgoʊsi -RSB- -LSB- ˈlugoʃi -RSB- ) , was a Hungarian-American actor , famous for portraying Count Dracula in the 1931 film and for his roles in various other horror films . He had been playing small parts on the stage in his native Hungary before making his first film in 1917 , but had to leave the country after the failed Hungarian Communist Revolution of 1919 . He had roles in several films in Weimar Germany before arriving in the United States as a seaman on a merchant ship . In 1927 , he appeared as Count Dracula in a Broadway adaptation of Bram Stoker 's novel . He later appeared in the classic 1931 film Dracula by Universal Pictures . Through the 1930s , he occupied an important niche in popular horror films , with their East European setting , but his Hungarian accent limited his repertoire , and he tried unsuccessfully to avoid typecasting . Meanwhile , he was often paired with Boris Karloff , who was able to demand top billing . To his frustration , Lugosi was increasingly restricted to minor parts , kept employed by the studio principally for the sake of his name on the posters . Among his pairings with Karloff , only in The Black Cat ( 1934 ) , The Raven ( 1935 ) , and Son of Frankenstein ( 1939 ) did he perform major roles again , and , even in The Raven , Karloff received top billing despite Lugosi performing the lead role . By this time , Lugosi had been receiving regular medication for sciatic neuritis , and he became addicted to morphine and methadone . This drug dependence was noted by producers , and the offers eventually dwindled down to a few parts in Ed Wood 's low-budget movies , most notably Plan 9 from Outer Space .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f0ca8bfce6836503131b67aae0285ae9", "text": "Svengali (musical) Svengali is a musical with a book and lyrics by Gregory Boyd and music by Frank Wildhorn . It is based on the 1894 novel Trilby by George du Maurier . The title character in this Gothic tale is a vocal coach who uses hypnotism to transform the tone-deaf Trilby into an acclaimed singer and steals her away from Little Billie , a sculptor for whom she has posed . At first the girl can remember nothing about her past , but as her memory slowly returns , she attempts to break free from her possessive mentor . The musical has been staged twice , both times with Chuck Wagner as Svengali and Linda Eder ( Wildhorn 's then future , now ex-wife ) as Trilby . It premiered at the Alley Theatre in Houston , Texas in April 1991 and won the Alton Jones Foundation Award for New American Musicals . It was then produced at the Asolo Repertory Theatre in Sarasota , Florida in October 1991 through November 2 , 1991 . The director was Gregory Boyd . The scenic design by Jerome Sirlin used a bank of slide projectors , creating `` enigmatic images against the backdrop of the stage : the pensive face of a young woman , gargoyles , a cafe scene , brilliant color fields of red , blue , green and gold . '' The costumes were by Jane Suttell and lighting by Howell Binkley . The cast featured Philip Hoffman , Molly Scott as Zou Zou . Of it Wildhorn has said , `` It was great working on it and I hope it will have its day . '' Although a complete cast album has not been released , three of the show 's songs have been recorded . Danny de Munk and Vera Mann dueted on `` So Slowly '' for his CD Danny , and Eder included `` If He Never Said Hello '' and `` Vole Mon Ange '' on her 2003 release Storybook .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "025e3dcbbb98403e3c43c2b3b0542db5", "text": "Don \"Creesh\" Hornsby Don Hornsby ( December 6 , 1923 - May 22 , 1950 ) , aka Creesh Hornsby , was a comedian and novelty pianist who was slated to be the original host of Broadway Open House , American network television 's first late night program . Born in Cooper , Texas , Hornsby attended Harding Junior College in Wichita Falls for a short time before joining the Marines . Originally a straightforward pianist , eventually Hornsby 's nightclub act , which Life described as `` a five-hour marathon of surrealist madness '' , incorporated rubber alligators , magic tricks , acrobatics , dry ice and a live donkey . Hornsby 's performance , a continuous set during which he was served meals onstage , also featured custom-made props , including a `` tickle-tickle '' machine , which a United Press article called `` a Buck Rogers contraption with red lights , blue dials and green knobs '' that fired `` a bombardment of tiny rubber cones '' , which Hornsby would then scoop up with a butterfly net . One of his specialties was playing the Warsaw Concerto while suspended by his heels above the piano . His catchphrase `` creesh '' , which he shouted at frequent intervals onstage , is a portmanteau word meaning `` constructive escapism '' . As Hornsby explained it , `` creeshism '' in action meant that `` anything can be funny in the proper situation . '' Among his fanbase were veteran comedians Fred Allen , Phil Silvers and Groucho Marx . On the strength of his act -- and an endorsement from Bob Hope -- Hornsby was signed to a five-year contract with NBC and was set to host the program that would become Broadway Open House , but he was diagnosed with polio the week before the series was originally scheduled to debut . The disease led to his death less than a week later at age 26 in Eastview , New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa020ec833f5ebc1bc0d581c49151cf5", "text": "Of Thee I Sing Of Thee I Sing is a musical with a score by George Gershwin , lyrics by Ira Gershwin and a book by George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind . The musical lampoons American politics ; the story concerns John P. Wintergreen , who runs for President of the United States on the `` love '' platform . When he falls in love with the sensible Mary Turner instead of Diana Devereaux , the beautiful pageant winner selected for him , he gets into political hot water . The original Broadway production , directed by Kaufman , opened in 1931 and ran for 441 performances , gaining critical and box office success . It has been revived twice on Broadway and in concert stagings in the U.S. and in London . In 1932 , Of Thee I Sing was the first musical to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab7ba6a7d8e3209443c94e1cc5730dc8", "text": "H. S. Kraft Hyman Solomon Kraft ( April 30 , 1899 -- July 29 , 1975 ) , aka Hy Kraft or H.S. Kraft , was an American screenwriter , playwright , and theatrical producer . Among the notable comedy plays that he wrote were Ten Per Cent ( 1932 ) , Poppa ( 1929 ) , Cafe Crown ( 1942 ) , and Top Banana ( 1952 ) . In 1964 Cafe Crown was revised as a Broadway musical produced by Philip Rose and Swanlee with music by Albert Hague and lyrics by Marty Brill . The musical plot is set in the early 1930s in and around the Cafe Crown at the corner of Second Avenue and 12th Street in New York City . It had one Broadway revival in 1989 . Hy Kraft 's 1954 musical play Top Banana was filmed for the screen and released as a movie in 1954 , starring Phil Silvers as a television comic trying to regain his ratings on TV . Feeling the show was a personal swipe at him , Milton Berle wrote of it , `` The only public attack I got any pleasure from was the one dreamed up by Hy Kraft and Johnny Mercer , and starring Phil Silvers . It was a big Broadway musical called Top Banana , in which Phil played an egomaniac named Jerry Biffle who had a top-rated television show and who directed his rehearsals with a whistle . It was a vicious and funny swipe at me , and I loved it so much , I offered to sue Hy Kraft for the publicity value . Anything to help . After all , I had put some money into the show . '' In 1950 Hy Kraft was made part of the Hollywood blacklist by the House Committee on Un-American Activities , after remarks by Artie Shaw . His screenwriting credits include Stormy Weather ( 1943 ) with Lena Horne and short story credit for Smartest Girl In Town ( 1936 ) and Champaign Waltz ( 1937 ) , in the latter case collaborating with Billy Wilder . He also contributed writing ( uncredited ) to Mark of the Vampire ( 1935 ) with Lionel Barrymore and Bela Lugosi . He wrote an autobiography , On My Way to the Theater , Macmillan , 1971 . The jacket reads , `` A lifetime 's stroll from New York 's Lower East Side to Broadway , with side trips to Hollywood , London , and Washington , D.C. , and singular associations with Victor Herbert , Theodore Dreiser , Sinclair Lewis , and the House Un-American Activities Committee . '' In 1968 , he signed the `` Writers and Editors War Tax Protest '' pledge , vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d902b08fd244467698cee527bb30aa5", "text": "Road Show (musical) Road Show ( previously titled Bounce , and before that Wise Guys and Gold ! ) is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and a book by John Weidman . It tells the story of Addison Mizner and his brother Wilson Mizner 's adventures across America from the beginning of the 20th century during the Alaskan Gold rush to the Florida real estate boom in the 1920s . After a 1999 workshop in New York City , the musical was produced in Chicago and Washington , D.C. in 2003 under the title Bounce , but it did not achieve much success . A revised version of the musical premiered Off-Broadway in New York in October 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bad2c689f0040f4e20a4f63933573ffb", "text": "At the Drop of Another Hat At the Drop of Another Hat is musical revue by Flanders and Swann , similar in format to its long-running predecessor , At the Drop of a Hat ( 1956 ) . In the show , they both sang on a nearly bare stage , accompanied by Swann on the piano . The songs were linked by contemporary social commentary , mostly by Flanders . Highlights included `` Ill Wind '' , in which Flanders sings rapidly about a pilfered horn to the tune of the Rondo from Mozart 's Horn Concerto No. 4 and `` New Built Up Area '' , a soliloquy by Flanders in which a disgruntled resident of Salisbury Plain complains of the newly erected Stonehenge . The revue premiered at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 2 October 1963 and ran until 21 March 1964 . It was revived on the West End , at the Globe Theatre , from 29 September 1965 to 19 February 1966 . The show toured widely , including tours in Australia ( 1964 ) , Hong Kong and England ( 1965 ) and in 1966 Canada and the US . A Broadway production played at the Booth Theatre from 31 December 1966 to 9 April 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c74808744166aefd74f23b42f05e6ebc", "text": "Jack O'Diamonds Jack O'Diamonds is a musical play with music by Noel Gay and book and lyrics by Clifford Grey and H.F. Maltby . It opened at London 's Gaiety Theatre on 25 February 1935 . The New York Times reported that it opened to good notices and that its American star , Zelma O'Neal `` scored a triumph '' . One critic said of her pairing with co-star Reginald Purdell : `` The spirit with which these two combine lends life and a touch of originality to the whole production '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cedc1e02926d3396d5f36605d548d33a", "text": "Light Opera of Manhattan Light Opera of Manhattan , known as LOOM , was an Off-Broadway repertory theatre company that produced light operas , including the works of Gilbert and Sullivan and European and American operettas , 52 weeks per year , in New York City between 1968 and 1989 . Founded by William Mount-Burke , LOOM 's first long-term home was in the Jan Hus theatre from the late 1960s to 1975 , where it succeeded another small light opera company , the American Savoyards . At the Jan Hus , LOOM performed predominantly the Savoy operas of Gilbert and Sullivan , such as The Pirates of Penzance , The Mikado and H.M.S. Pinafore . Led by conductor-director Mount-Burke , principal comedian Raymond Allen and choreographer/stage manager Jerry Gotham , the company mentored many young actors and singers who went on to careers on Broadway or elsewhere in theatre or music . In 1975 , the company moved across the street to a legitimate Off-Broadway theatre , the Eastside Playhouse . There it expanded its repertoire beyond Gilbert and Sullivan to American and continental operettas , such as those of Victor Herbert , Rudolph Friml , Franz Lehár , Sigmund Romberg , Jacques Offenbach and Johann Strauss II . LOOM was often featured on WQXR radio . By 1979 , diabetes had blinded William Mount-Burke , but he continued to conduct and even to direct new productions . The company remained strong until 1984 , when Mount-Burke died and the company 's playhouse was closed and subsequently demolished . After this , led by Allen and Gotham , with music director Todd Ellison , the company played in a series of theatres around New York that challenged its ability to keep its Upper East Side audience , and it was forced constantly to raise funds . In 1986 , the company closed , opening for its final seasons from 1987 to 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d4188aef0eb03af23ddfa8a578c5481", "text": "The West Side Waltz The West Side Waltz is a play by Ernest Thompson . The play focuses on Margaret Mary Elderdice , an aging , widowed pianist living in a dreary Upper West Side apartment , and her relationships with a prim , virginal violinist neighbor and the young companion who moves in for an extended stay . Thompson was prompted to write the piece when screenwriter George Seaton offered him a grant to write a new play following the success of his previous work , On Golden Pond . The play originally was presented off-Broadway in 1978 . After three previews , the Broadway production , directed by Noel William , opened on November 19 , 1981 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre . Despite the presence of screen legend Katharine Hepburn , supported by Dorothy Loudon , Regina Baff , and David Margulies , it ran for only 126 performances . Hepburn was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play , but lost to Zoe Caldwell ( Medea ) . Thompson wrote the teleplay for and directed a CBS production that originally aired on Thanksgiving night in 1995 . The cast included Shirley MacLaine , Liza Minnelli , Kathy Bates , Jennifer Grey , Estelle Harris , and Robert Pastorelli .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d43556d28d80850365dcbc4453cb3dfb", "text": "Fiorello! Fiorello ! is a musical about New York City mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia , a reform Republican who took on the Tammany Hall political machine . The book is by Jerome Weidman and George Abbott , drawn substantially from the 1955 volume Life With Fiorello by Ernest Cuneo , with lyrics by Sheldon Harnick , and music by Jerry Bock . It is one of only nine musicals to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d233f2adea1b1a5381e2721e8ec727a", "text": "No Strings No Strings is a musical drama with a book by Samuel A. Taylor and words and music by Richard Rodgers , his only Broadway score for which he wrote both lyrics and music , and the first musical he composed after the death of his long-time collaborator Oscar Hammerstein II . The musical opened on Broadway in 1962 and ran for 580 performances . It received the nomination for Tony Award , Best Musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3415e148d4a0ea068180b29bfc43f851", "text": "New Girl in Town New Girl in Town is a musical with a book by George Abbott and music and lyrics by Bob Merrill based on Eugene O'Neill 's 1921 gloomy play Anna Christie , about a prostitute who tries to live down her past . New Girl , unlike O'Neill 's play , focuses on the jealousy of the character Marthy and on love 's ability to conquer all . The musical ends far more hopefully than the play . The Broadway production opened on May 4 , 1957 at the 46th Street Theatre , where it ran for 431 performances . The show was written as a star vehicle for Gwen Verdon , who had just had a hit with Damn Yankees and won raves for her portrayal of Anna , a role that showed off her acting , singing and dancing abilities to maximum effect . Composer Bob Merrill was at the beginning of a string of 1960s successes . New Girl in Town , produced by Frederick Brisson , Robert E. Griffith and Harold S. Prince , was well received by both critics and audiences . Verdon and co-star Thelma Ritter shared the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical , and the show received three other Tony nominations , including the Best Musical and best choreography for Bob Fosse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1728ed5c39cf5f388553cad309e8486", "text": "Bernarda Alba (musical) Bernarda Alba is a one-act musical with music , lyrics and book by Michael John LaChiusa , based on Federico García Lorca 's 1936 play The House of Bernarda Alba . Bernarda Alba tells the story of a controlling , newly widowed mother who is challenged by her five rebellious daughters . The musical opened Off Broadway at Lincoln Center 's Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater to mixed reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fe3f02ac96dc9806d16c2bd991f2766", "text": "Belasco Theatre The Belasco Theatre is a Broadway theatre opened in 1907 at 111 West 44th Street in midtown-Manhattan . Originally known as the Stuyvesant Theatre , it was designed by architect George Keister for impresario David Belasco . The interior featured Tiffany lighting and ceiling panels , rich woodwork and expansive murals by American artist Everett Shinn , and a ten-room duplex penthouse apartment that Belasco utilized as combination living quarters/office space .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541e153fb72c381617771b6f4264e31", "text": "Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures . Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río . Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . ) The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 . The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner . While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) . Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum . The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc723b926c2455ac4b591d808ae35a84", "text": "Son of Frankenstein Son of Frankenstein is a 1939 horror monster film , the third film in Universal Studios ' Frankenstein series and the last to feature Boris Karloff as the Monster . It is also the first to feature Bela Lugosi as Ygor . The picture is a sequel to James Whale 's Bride of Frankenstein . It is directed by Rowland V. Lee and stars Basil Rathbone , Boris Karloff and Béla Lugosi . The film was a reaction to the very popular re-releases of Dracula with Lugosi and Frankenstein with Karloff as a double-feature in 1938 . Universal 's declining horror output was revitalized with the enormously successful Son of Frankenstein , in which the studio cast both Karloff and Lugosi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fef7d47c4dce7b1cdf297e4c9bbc8b2", "text": "Broadway, Bongos and Mr. B Broadway , Bongos and Mr. B is a 1961 studio album by the American singer Billy Eckstine . It was arranged by Hal Mooney , and marked Eckstine 's return to Roulette Records . The album features Latin tinged arrangements of popular Broadway show tunes , with a percussion section of xylophones , marimbas and bongos . In their July 1961 review of Broadway , Bongos and Mr. B , Billboard magazine wrote that `` This is one of the best albums made by Billy Eckstine in many years '' , and that he was `` singing with confidence again in his own style '' . The review concluded that it was `` A strong new album that could help win back many of Mr. B 's fans '' . This was the third of Eckstine 's Mercury Records albums to use the same photograph of him . It had previously graced the covers of Billy 's Best ! ( 1958 ) and Billy Eckstine 's Imagination ( 1958 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2581d44fa3a73ae3bd60eeca0137d0b6", "text": "The Whirl of New York The Whirl of New York is a Broadway musical that premiered at Winter Garden Theatre on June 13 , 1921 . It was an expanded and substantially re-worked version of The Belle of New York ( 1897 , music by Gustave Kerker with book and lyrics by Hugh Morton ) . The show was billed not as a revival but as `` founded on The Belle of New York . '' . The new version had music by Gustave Kerker , Al Goodman and Lew Pollack ; book and lyrics by Hugh Morton and Edgar Smith ; additional music by Leo Edwards ; and additional lyrics by Sidney D Mitchell , Cyrus Wood and Cliff Friend . It opened to favourable reviews and ran for 124 performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f552d1abd43dab1ae24828341f90310", "text": "Astor Theatre The Astor Theatre was located at 1537 Broadway , at West 45th Street in Times Square in New York City . It opened September 21 , 1906 with Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream and continued to operate as a Broadway theatre until 1925 . From 1925 until it closed in 1972 it was a first-run movie theater . The theater was designed by architect George W. Keister . It was demolished in 1982 to make way for the Marriott Marquis Hotel . The Astor was first managed by Lincoln A. Wagenhals and Collin Kemper , then by George M. Cohan and Sam Harris , and later by the Shubert Organization . Among the plays that debuted at the Astor were Cohan 's Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1913 ) and Why Marry ? ( 1917 ) by Jesse Lynch Williams , the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama . In 1925 Loew 's Theatres bought the Astor and converted it into a movie house in order to have a Times Square `` road show '' showcase for first-run films from the MGM film studio . The Big Parade ( 1925 ) was the first film shown at the Astor where it ran for a continuous 96-week engagement . Other films to make their Times Square debuts at the Astor include The Broadway Melody ( 1929 ) , Grand Hotel ( 1932 ) , The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) and Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) for MGM ; and Alfred Hitchcock 's Spellbound ( 1945 ) and The Beatles in A Hard Day 's Night '' ( 1964 ) for United Artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" } ]	fever
db43be797b088b6f9ab364be813cf096	Red is an American film from 2010.	[ { "docid": "77da68aa154a1235cc1710edf817341f", "text": "Red (2010 film) Red is a 2010 American action comedy film inspired by the limited comic book series of the same name created by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner and published by the DC Comics imprint Homage . The film stars Bruce Willis , Morgan Freeman , John Malkovich , Mary-Louise Parker , Helen Mirren and Karl Urban , with German film director Robert Schwentke directing a screenplay by Jon Hoeber and Erich Hoeber . In the film version , the title is derived from the designation of former CIA Agent Frank Moses ( Bruce Willis ) , meaning `` Retired , Extremely Dangerous '' . The film was released on October 15 , 2010 . The film grossed $ 199 million worldwide . In 2011 , the film received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Musical or Comedy Film . A sequel , Red 2 , was released on July 19 , 2013 . Another sequel , Red 3 , is in development .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a96720151a66d64c7483a386c3819d80", "text": "Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers . Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection . In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate . The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) . One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk . The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be966f5b525581bc99db62d7ccda7aa7", "text": "Red tape (disambiguation) Red tape is a derisive term for excessive bureaucratic regulation . Red tape or Red Tape may also refer to : `` Red Tape '' ( song ) , a song by French singer Amanda Lear `` Red Tape , '' a song by American hardcore punk group Circle Jerks Red Tape ( album ) , an album by American southern rock band Atlanta Rhythm Section `` Red Tape '' , a tape of prank calls to New Jersey bartender Louis `` Red '' Deutsch Red Tape , an album by Canadian rap group Social Deviantz Redtape Magazine , published in New York from 1982 to 1990 `` Red Tape '' , shoes", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d77b4dd8f792e9c50b114dc9f9a28a29", "text": "...And Once Again And Once Again is a 2010 Indian family drama film directed by Amol Palekar . The film premiered in India on 20 August 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab1fe07cdc95329c105d6b37b7dbb78e", "text": "Meek's Cutoff Meek 's Cutoff is a 2010 American western film directed by Kelly Reichardt . The film was shown in competition at the 67th Venice International Film Festival . The story is loosely based on a historical incident on the Oregon Trail in 1845 , in which frontier guide Stephen Meek led a wagon train on an ill-fated journey through the Oregon desert along the route later known as the Meek Cutoff in the western United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5582754aef24bebd6a65be6377c79d66", "text": "The Ransom of Red Chief `` The Ransom of Red Chief '' is a 1910 short story by O. Henry first published in The Saturday Evening Post . It follows two men who kidnap and attempt to ransom a wealthy Alabaman 's son ; eventually , the men are driven crazy by the boy 's spoiled and hyperactive behavior , and end up having to pay the boy 's father to take him back . The story and its main idea have become a part of popular culture , with many children 's television programs using a version of the story as one of their episodes . The tale is a light-hearted example of the ultimate in `` poetic justice '' and fortuitous intervention for the public good : the crooks had intended to use the ransom money to fund an even larger and much more elaborate scam that would likely have caused widespread monetary damage to the local populace , and so having their plans `` foiled in their infancy '' by Red Chief 's shrewd father saves countless other honest folks from financial ruin . It has also been often used as a classic example of two ultimate comic ironies -- a supposed `` hostage '' actually liking his abductors and enjoying being captured , and his captors getting their just deserts by having the tables turned on them , and being compelled to pay to be rid of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a15fcd521628b7a8b84f015eefa53ce4", "text": "Redacted (film) Redacted is a 2007 American war film written and directed by Brian De Palma . It is a fictional dramatization , loosely based on the 2006 Mahmudiyah killings in Mahmoudiyah , Iraq , when U.S. Army soldiers raped an Iraqi girl and murdered her along with her family . This film , which is a companion to an earlier film by De Palma , 1989 's Casualties of War , was shot in Jordan . Redacted premiered at the 2007 Venice Film Festival , where it earned a Silver Lion `` best director '' award . It was also shown at the Toronto International Film Festival , the New York Film Festival and the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema . The film opened in Spain , and in fifteen theaters in limited release in the United States on November 16 , 2007 . The film received mixed reactions from critics and a poor financial response in its limited U.S. release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "545db70d1cb0ed54eab499b5aa7a64db", "text": "Red Queen Red Queen may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1122044907b02f0638dcbf94e5cfd98", "text": "Noam Friedlander Noam Friedlander is an author , award-winning scriptwriter , playwright , columnist , interviewer and feature writer . She has written 14 non-fiction books on subjects ranging from sport , religion , entertainment and children 's names as well as having over 20 years of experience as a journalist for various broadsheets and magazines . She also writes scripts for TV and worked on the final UK TV series Dream Team , which was on Sky1 , as well as being the Question Writer and working on the production team for the UK version of US show Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader , which was also shown on Sky1 as Are You Smarter Than a 10-Year Old . In 2015 , Noam was a finalist in The Beverly Hills Film Festival Competition for her script `` The Red '' , which was previously a play performed at the Piven Theater Workshop in Chicago in 2014 under the direction of Joyce Piven . In August 2015 , the script for `` The Red '' received an ` Honorable Mention ' at WilliFest 's Screenplay Competition . ( WilliFest is also known as Brooklyn 's Williamsburg International Film Festival ) . In October 2015 , her script ` The Red ' was the winner of the Screenplay Competition at the San Pedro International Film Festival . In June 2016 , ` The Red ' was a Quarter-Finalist at the Austin Revolution Film Festival . In August 2016 , the script for `` The Red '' was a ` Preliminary Finalist ' at the 2016 Creative World Awards . The same script was also a ` second rounder ' at the Austin Film Festival . Finally , in October 2016 , `` The Red '' was a runner-up at the Denver Film Festival . She is frequently thought to be the son of Rabbi Albert Friedlander . However , she is , in fact , his daughter . Her 2005 book What Is Opus Dei has been translated into several languages and published worldwide . In 2008 , Noam Friedlander was shot in the back by a sniper while walking down the street in Los Angeles and wrote about it for The Guardian . While in LA , Friedlander has been writing extensively for Stella , the Sunday supplement of The Sunday Telegraph interviewing celebrities such as Diane Kruger , Rose Byrne , Chelsea Handler , Kelly Reilly , Amanda Seyfried and Drew Barrymore . In 2015 , she interviewed Salma Hayek for the cover of the deluxe edition of ES magazine ( part of the Evening Standard ) . Due to her prolific writing career , Friedlander is also a member of the Authors Guild , America 's leading advocate for writers ' interests . In 2011 , Friedlander set up a film production company to champion independent films . She has taken part in a number of ` story telling ' shows while living in Los Angeles including Anna David 's show True Tales of Lust and Love and the famed Write Club event at the Bootleg Theater in Los Angeles . In November 2012 , Friedlander 's best-selling biography of Katy Perry was published in both Europe and the United States . Noam supports Queens Park Rangers , the finest team , the world has ever seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5846315912c65df06790496a1076012", "text": "2010 Sundance Film Festival The 26th annual Sundance Film Festival was held from January 21 , 2010 until January 31 , 2010 in Park City , Utah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "279b5c255281a11cf5d877cd93868749", "text": "Profondo Rosso (soundtrack) The soundtrack to the film Deep Red was mainly composed and performed by the Italian progressive rock band Goblin . Director Dario Argento had originally contacted jazz pianist and composer Giorgio Gaslini to score the film , but he was unhappy with his output , deeming it `` awful '' . After failing to get Pink Floyd to write music for the film , Argento turned back to Italy and found Goblin . In the final score , only three of Gaslini 's original themes were retained ; however , in the film 's original theatrical release , Gaslini was given full composer credit for the entire score , while Goblin were wrongly credited only as performers -LSB- i.e. `` Music by Giorgio Gaslini , performed by Goblin '' -RSB- . This was corrected in subsequent home video releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66465e8717459430058ca85b915440f7", "text": "Seeing Red Seeing Red or Seein ' Red may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "141252a17d272c2ffe35246d3e59e95c", "text": "Redman (rapper) Reginald `` Reggie '' Noble ( born April 17 , 1970 ) , better known by his stage name Redman , is an American rapper , DJ , record producer , and actor . He rose to fame in the early 1990s as an artist on the Def Jam label . He is also well known for his collaborations with his close friend Method Man , as one-half of the rap duo Method Man & Redman , including their starring roles in films and sitcoms . He was also a member of the Def Squad in the late 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a7129424f8b8f86c4ce8bdf9ce10973", "text": "Red Bird (web series) Red Bird is an American Western web series . Created by Misti Boland and Jeremy Osbern , the series stars Alexandra Goodman , Ian Stark , Armin Shimerman , Kitty Swink , Mike McShane , and John Prosky . The series of eight three to five minute episodes premiered on YouTube and the show 's website in March 2016 . Tubefilter , in their Indie Spotlight , described the series as `` a female revenge tale featuring Kitty Mae , who is seeking to get even with the gunman who killed her only son in cold blood . '' The Daily Dot issued a positive review of the series , noting that from `` costumes to locations to an original soundtrack that has presence and bite , it looks and sounds just as you 'd imagine the creators -- husband and wife Jeremy Osbern and Misti Boland -- desired it . '' But the reviewer also longed for more time with each episode , stating that episodes `` are centered around single set pieces or scenes that although well-scripted and shot , are short , mostly coming in at around three minutes . '' Red Bird was shot on location and on sets in Colorado and Kansas and incorporated real horses , authentic old west set pieces , and practical gunshot and blood effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63146f64652b16f9c0cfacad287996cf", "text": "Red Velvet (film) Red Velvet is a 2008 American independent horror film directed by Bruce Dickson and written by Anthony Burns and Joe Moe . The film stars Henry Thomas and Kelli Garner and is the final film of Forrest J Ackerman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e370e95c72d81237f64146dd84fe054", "text": "Red vs. Blue (season 11) The eleventh season of the American action comedy science fiction animated/machinima web series Red vs. Blue premiered on June 14 , 2013 , and concluded on November 11 , 2013 . The series is created and produced by Rooster Teeth Productions and is loosely based in the Halo universe . The season premiered on June 14 , 2013 , while the rest of the episodes were released on Rooster Teeth 's website on Mondays starting June 24 , 2013 . It is the first season of the Chorus Trilogy . The season returns to a similar format that was used in the Blood Gulch Chronicles , where both teams are in a boxed canyon and do nothing but talk to each other . Also like the first seven seasons of the series , Season 11 '' featured no pre-rendered character animation sequences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3367fdc7b5f51cbba089fac1919682b2", "text": "Redline (2009 film) is a 2009 science fiction auto racing anime film produced by Madhouse and released in Japan on October 9 , 2010 . The directorial debut feature of Takeshi Koike , it features the voices of Takuya Kimura , Yū Aoi and Tadanobu Asano , and an original story by Katsuhito Ishii , who also co-writes and sound directs . The film is set in the distant future , where a man known as JP takes on great risks for the chance of winning the titular underground race . After a total of seven years in production , Redline was intended to premiere at the 2009 Annecy International Animated Film Festival and follow Summer Wars , Mai Mai Miracle , and Yona Yona Penguin as the fourth and final feature film Madhouse planned to release between summer 2009 and spring 2010 . However , further delays resulted in the delay of its world premiere , pushed back a few months to August 14 , 2009 , at the Locarno International Film Festival and its Japanese release to fall 2010 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
195db9d82fac8b17318447fc0ea4af7c	Corey Taylor is a member of Parliament.	[ { "docid": "a711fd1ff65c664d853f6c0eed0237c8", "text": "Corey Taylor Corey Todd Taylor ( born December 8 , 1973 ) is an American musician , singer , songwriter , actor and author , best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the American nu metal band Slipknot and the American hard rock and alternative metal band Stone Sour . Taylor joined Slipknot in 1997 to replace their original vocalist , Anders Colsefni . He has released five studio albums with them . He has worked with several bands , including Junk Beer Kidnap Band , Korn , Disturbed , Apocalyptica , Anthrax , Aaron Lewis of Staind , and Soulfly . Taylor was ranked at number 86 in Hit Parader 's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time . He was also named the seventh greatest heavy metal frontman by NME . Taylor was also found , by VVN Music , to possess the second-widest vocal range of any known singer in popular music with a range of 5 and a half octaves . He was beaten only by Mike Patton ( 6 octaves ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b8a406843751112bbf831fa2392a4b00", "text": "Chris Patterson (politician) Christopher Stewart `` Chris '' Patterson MP , an Australian politician , is a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Camden for the Liberal Party of Australia since the 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "259c7e0ed8e2792f58e8a4954e0d7a2d", "text": "Darren Johnson Darren Paul Johnson ( born in 1966 in Southport , Lancashire ) is a former English politician and prominent member of the Green Party of England and Wales . He represented the Green Party in the London Assembly from 2000 to 2016 and was a Green councillor in the London Borough of Lewisham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89bd7f7bfdd12453be7f29ee7db2b91c", "text": "Corey Parent Corey Parent ( born July 8 , 1990 ) is an American oolitician and a member of the Republican Party who represents St. Albans City and Southeastern St. Albans Town in the Vermont House of Representatives . Corey was elected on November 4 , 2014 , and serves on the House Commerce and Economic Development Committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84c10686f8217034cf55aba877dfef9b", "text": "Alexander Taylor Alex or Alexander Taylor may refer to : Alex Taylor ( Edmonton ) ( 1853 -- 1916 ) , Canadian entrepreneur , inventor and politician Alex Taylor ( footballer ) ( born 1962 ) , Scottish footballer Alex Taylor ( musician ) ( 1947 -- 1993 ) , American musician and brother of James Taylor Alex Taylor ( politician ) ( 1906 -- 1976 ) , Australian politician Alex Taylor ( Saskatchewan politician ) ( born 1936 ) Alex Taylor ( Third Watch character ) Alex Taylor , stage name used by Adriana Molinari ( born 1970 ) , porn actress Alex Cole Taylor , acting teacher Alexander Burt Taylor ( 1904 -- 1972 ) , Registrar General for Scotland Alexander Donald Taylor ( born 1928 ) , Australian politician Alexander Smith Taylor ( 1817 -- 1876 ) , California author and historian Alexander Wilson Taylor ( 1815 -- 1893 ) , U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52b1ffcc9a65676a306096185ceba932", "text": "John Taylor of Caroline John Taylor ( December 19 , 1753August 21 , 1824 ) , usually called John Taylor of Caroline , was a politician and writer . He served in the Virginia House of Delegates ( 1779 -- 81 , 1783 -- 85 , 1796 -- 1800 ) and in the United States Senate ( 1792 -- 94 , 1803 , 1822 -- 24 ) . He wrote several books on politics and agriculture . He was a Jeffersonian Democrat and his works provided inspiration to the later states ' rights and libertarian movements . Sheldon and Hill ( 2008 ) locate Taylor at the intersection of republicanism and classical liberalism . They see his position as a `` combination of a concern with Lockean natural rights , freedom , and limited government along with a classical interest in strong citizen participation in rule to prevent concentrated power and wealth , political corruption , and financial manipulation '' ( p. 224 ) . `` Wealth , like suffrage , must be considerably distributed , to sustain a democratic republic ; and hence , whatever draws a considerable proportion of either into a few hands , will destroy it . As power follows wealth , the majority must have wealth or lose power . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9231990197b8807a22e588c720de65d", "text": "Commonwealth Youth Parliament The Commonwealth Youth Parliament is an annual gathering hosted by the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association ( CPA ) . It brings together young people aged 18 -- 29 from across the Commonwealth of Nations to discuss issues of democracy and governance . Each member parliament of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association has the opportunity to nominate up to two delegates to attend the Commonwealth Youth Parliament . The Commonwealth Youth Parliament rotates annually through the nine regions of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association . The 7th Commonwealth Youth Parliament was held in 2015 in Darwin , Australia hosted by the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly . The next Commonwealth Youth Parliament is due to be held in British Columbia , Canada in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bad43b3aa4fdf983614c507952c3fb1f", "text": "New South Wales Legislative Council The New South Wales Legislative Council , or upper house , is one of the two chambers of the parliament of the Australian state of New South Wales . The other is the Legislative Assembly . Both sit at Parliament House in the state capital , Sydney . The Assembly is referred to as the lower house and the Council as the upper house . It is normal for legislation to be first deliberated on and enacted in the lower house , and then considered in the upper house , which acts in the main as a house of review . The Council has 42 members , elected by proportional representation in which the whole state is treated as a single electorate . Members serve eight-year terms , which are staggered so that half the Council is up for election every four years -- roughly coinciding with elections to the Legislative Assembly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "675d742ba23de4ebb5902c6338645f83", "text": "List of MPs for constituencies in England 2015–17 This is a list of Members of Parliament ( MPs ) elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom by English constituencies for the Fifty-Sixth Parliament of the United Kingdom ( 2015-2017 ) . It includes both MPs elected at the 2015 general election , held on 7 May 2015 , and those subsequently elected in by-elections . The list is sorted by the name of the MP , and MPs who did not serve throughout the Parliament are italicised . New MPs elected since the general election are noted at the bottom of the page .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d95ed38ba74df9286045e6ac654cda6", "text": "Australian Senate The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia , the lower house being the House of Representatives . The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I , Part II of the Australian Constitution . There are a total of 76 senators : 12 senators are elected from each of the six states ( regardless of population ) and two from each of the two autonomous internal territories ( the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory ) . Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation . Unlike upper Houses in most Westminster parliamentary systems , the Senate is vested with significant power , including the capacity to block all legislation , including Budget and Appropriation Bills , initiated by the government in the House of Representatives , making it a distinctive hybrid of British Westminster bicameralism and US-style bicameralism . As a result of proportional representation , the chamber features a multitude of parties vying for power . The governing party or coalition , which has to maintain the confidence of the lower house , rarely has a majority in the Senate and usually needs to negotiate with other parties and Independents to get legislation passed . Senators normally serve fixed six-year terms ( from 1 July to 30 June ) , unless the Senate is dissolved earlier in a double dissolution . Following a double dissolution half the state senators serve terms ending on the third 30 June following the election ( i.e. slightly less than three years ) with the rest serving three years longer . The term of the territory senators expires at the same time as there is an election for the House of Representatives . There is no constitutional requirement for the election of senators to take place at the same time as those for members of the House of Representatives , though the government usually synchronises election dates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f64fb4e7732ad1c65b4848b7d5a09d0f", "text": "George Fulford George Taylor Fulford ( 6 May 1902 -- 15 December 1987 ) was a Liberal party member of the Canadian House of Commons . He was born in Brockville , Ontario and became an executive and manufacturer by career , particularly as president of medicine manufacturer G. T. Fulford Co. . . Fulford graduated from the University of Toronto and also attended at Harvard University . He was elected as a Liberal to the Ontario Legislature in 1934 at the Leeds riding , serving under Mitchell Hepburn 's government . After leaving provincial politics due to his defeat in 1937 , Fulford was elected to federal Parliament at the Leeds riding in the 1940 general election . Fulford was then defeated in the following election in 1945 by George Robert Webb of the Progressive Conservative party . Fulford returned to Parliament by winning the riding in the 1949 election over a new Progressive Conservative candidate , John Lionel Carroll . After that term , Fulford was defeated by the Progressive Conservatives ' Hayden Stanton in 1953 . Fulford was further unsuccessful in unseating Stanton in the 1957 and 1958 elections . Fulford switched his support to the Progressive Conservative party in 1970 following a dispute over federal Liberal language policies . He died at hospital in Brockville aged 85 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc85e2e59dd0cbe270860875c9949e08", "text": "Glenn Taylor (politician) Glenn Taylor is a politician from Alberta , Canada . He was the leader of the Alberta Party and was mayor of Hinton from October 2004 to January 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42a35590f2373868dc9b41152e2ebec", "text": "New Zealand House of Representatives The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament , along with the Sovereign ( represented by the Governor-General ) . The House passes all laws , provides ministers to form a Cabinet , and supervises the work of the Government . It is also responsible for adopting the state 's budgets and approving the state 's accounts . The House of Representatives is a democratically elected body , usually consisting of 120 members ( currently 119 though recently had 121 with an overhang ) known as members of Parliament ( MPs ) . Members are elected for limited terms , holding office until Parliament is dissolved ( a maximum of three years ) . A government is formed from the party or coalition with the majority of MPs . If no majority is possible then a minority government can be formed with a confidence and supply arrangement . The House of Representatives was created by the British New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , which established a bicameral legislature ; however the upper chamber , the Legislative Council , was abolished in 1951 . Parliament received full control over all New Zealand affairs in 1947 with the passage of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act . The debate chamber of the House of Representatives is located inside Parliament House in Wellington , the capital city . Sittings of the House are usually open to the public , but the House may at any time vote to sit in private .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c7e16659d51ab75ed83813be503ebd0", "text": "Prime Minister of Australia The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the head of government of Australia . The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of the Crown , the leader of the Cabinet and the chairperson of the National Security Committee . The Prime Minister also has the responsibility of administering the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet . The office is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia and exists only through longstanding political convention and tradition . Despite this , in practice it is the most powerful parliamentary position in Australia . The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the Governor-General of Australia . Almost always and according to convention , the Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party or largest party in a coalition of parties in the House of Representatives . However , there is no constitutional requirement that the Prime Minister sit in the House of Representatives , though by convention this is always the case . The only case where a member of the Senate was appointed Prime Minister was John Gorton , who subsequently resigned his Senate position and was elected as a member of the House of Representatives ( Senator George Pearce was acting Prime Minister for seven months in 1916 while Billy Hughes was overseas ) . Malcolm Turnbull has held the office of Prime Minister since 15 September 2015 . He received his commission after replacing Tony Abbott as the leader of the Liberal Party , the dominant party in the Coalition government , following the outcome of the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62ac28d9b5759e57516af791d925a1fd", "text": "Preston (UK Parliament constituency) Preston is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2000 by Mark Hendrick , a member of the Labour Party and of the Co-operative Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9510bc4e93193de86a65449be0715d0", "text": "Tim Hammond (politician) Timothy Jerome `` Tim '' Hammond ( born 25 March 1975 ) is an Australian politician . He is the member for Perth in the Australian House of Representatives . He is a member of the Australian Labor Party and succeeded the previous member , Alannah MacTiernan , at the 2016 federal election . He was initially awarded the portfolios of Shadow Assistant Minister for Resources , Innovation , Western Australia , The Digital Economy and Start Ups in the Labor Shadow Ministry . In September 2016 he was promoted to the full ministry as Shadow Minister for Consumer Affairs and Shadow Minister Assisting for Resources . Hammond was a barrister before entering politics . He previously ran unsuccessfully for parliament as the Labor candidate for Swan in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "411cbcc2ed560206a536ca078f24ce8e", "text": "Austin Taylor (British politician) Austin Taylor ( 1858 -- 27 April 1955 ) was a Conservative Party , later Liberal Party , politician in the United Kingdom . He was elected as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Liverpool East Toxteth at a by-election in November 1902 following the resignation of the Conservative MP Augustus Frederick Warr . He was re-elected unopposed in 1906 . He was a Unionist Free Trader and resigned from the Conservative Party in February 1906 , crossing the floor to join the Liberal Party . He stood down from the House of Commons at the January 1910 general election . In June 1918 , the Liberal MP for Buckrose became ill and was looking to retire . The local Liberal Association selected Taylor as their candidate to succeed him . Due to the war-time electoral truce , Taylor expected to be elected in a by-election unopposed . However , the by-election was not called and a General Election was called for December instead . A Labour candidate was chosen to contest the seat . Taylor hoped to receive endorsement from the Coalition government , but at the eleventh hour , that endorsement was given to a latecomer to the contest , who stood as a Coalition Liberal and was elected instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66cb6b63f140e9d6de282b5802594741", "text": "Leader of the Opposition (Victoria) The Leader of the Opposition in Victoria is the leader of the largest political party in parliament but not in government . He or she is always a member of the Legislative Assembly . Since 4 December 2014 , the Leader of the Opposition is Matthew Guy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b715d7bcd2b620edbc492abd9b1beb8d", "text": "Steve Herbert Steven Ralph `` Steve '' Herbert ( born 30 April 1954 ) is a former Australian politician . He was an Australian Labor Party member of the Parliament of Victoria from 2002 to 2017 : in the Victorian Legislative Assembly as member for Eltham from 2002 to 2014 , and in the Victorian Legislative Council for Northern Victoria Region from 2014 to 2017 . Until he resigned in October 2016 for using taxpayer money to chauffeur his dogs on several occasions , Steve Herbert was the Victorian Minister for Training and Skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94b77813ceccd39c71ffb000c3cda26b", "text": "Richard Molesworth Taylor Richard Molesworth Taylor ( 1835 -- 26 August 1919 ) , also known as Sydenham Taylor , was a three-term New Zealand Member of Parliament . Born in London in 1835 , he moved to Auckland on the Heather Bell in 1846 . He travelled to Victoria in 1851 , and later to New South Wales and participated in the gold rush before returning to Auckland in 1857 . There he briefly joined the militia , serving in the New Zealand Wars , before becoming a government contractor . In 1869 he moved to Canterbury , working as a general contractor until becoming a Member of Parliament in 1886 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f72a67a8766bcaf34d31ddd8977f64e7", "text": "Electoral district of Newcastle Newcastle is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales named after and including Newcastle . It was represented since 2011 by Tim Owen of the Liberal Party of Australia who became an independent in 2014 shortly before resigning from parliament . The 2014 Newcastle by-election occurred on 25 October , Tim Crakanthorp of the Australian Labor Party regained the seat . The district takes in the eastern part of the City of Newcastle , including the parts of the suburbs from Hexham to Mayfield lying to the east of the Main North railway line , Broadmeadow , Hamilton South , Merewether Heights and Merewether and the suburbs further east , including central Newcastle and Hamilton . It also includes the Port Stephens Council suburbs of Fern Bay and Fullerton Cove .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5c3e8c904abf88a8f028a751b0057b56	George W. Bush's brother served as the 42nd Governor of Florida.	[ { "docid": "3834d3f503bfc2baa147528971021fa4", "text": "George W. Bush George Walker Bush ( born July 6 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 . He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 . After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975 , he worked in the oil industry . Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter . He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election . Bush was elected president in 2000 after a close and controversial win over Democratic rival Al Gore , becoming the fourth president to be elected while receiving fewer popular votes than his opponent . From a prominent political family , he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush , the 41st President of the United States , making him only the second president to assume the nation 's highest office after his father , following the lead of John Quincy Adams . His brother , Jeb Bush , a former Governor of Florida , was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election . His paternal grandfather , Prescott Bush , was a United States Senator from Connecticut . The September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bush 's first term as president . Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine : launching a `` War on Terror '' , an international military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001 and the Iraq War in 2003 . He also promoted policies on the economy , health care , education , Social Security reform , and amending the Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage . He signed into law broad tax cuts , the Patriot Act , the No Child Left Behind Act , the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act , Medicare prescription drug benefits for seniors , and funding for the AIDS relief program known as PEPFAR . His tenure included national debates on immigration , Social Security , electronic surveillance , and torture . In the 2004 Presidential race , Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another relatively close election . After his re-election , Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the political spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War , Hurricane Katrina , and other challenges . Amid this criticism , the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections . In December 2007 , the United States entered its longest post-World War II recession , often referred to as the `` Great Recession '' , prompting the Bush administration to obtain congressional passage of multiple economic programs intended to preserve the country 's financial system . Nationally , Bush was both one of the most popular and unpopular presidents in history , having received the highest recorded presidential approval ratings in the wake of the September 11 attacks , as well as one of the lowest approval ratings during the 2008 financial crisis . Bush left office in 2009 , returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford . He wrote a memoir , Decision Points . His presidential library was opened in 2013 . His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians ' polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6105f1bcfb0feee091e2e36a7fa5f5", "text": "Jeb Bush John Ellis `` Jeb '' Bush Sr. ( born February 11 , 1953 ) is an American businessman and politician who served as the 43rd Governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007 . Bush , who grew up in Houston , is the second son of former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush , and a younger brother of former President George W. Bush . He graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover , Massachusetts , and attended the University of Texas , where he earned a degree in Latin American affairs . In 1980 , he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development , and in 1986 became Florida 's Secretary of Commerce until 1988 . At that time , he joined his father 's successful campaign for the Presidency . In 1994 , Bush made his first run for office , losing the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent , Lawton Chiles . Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote . He ran for reelection in 2002 , defeating Bill McBride and winning with 56 percent , to become Florida 's first two-term Republican governor . During his eight years as governor , Bush pushed an ambitious Everglades conservation plan , supported caps for medical malpractice litigation , launched a Medicaid privatization pilot program , and instituted reforms to the state education system , including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice . Bush announced his presidential candidacy on June 15 , 2015 . He suspended his campaign on February 20 , 2016 , shortly after the South Carolina primary and endorsed Senator Ted Cruz on March 23 , 2016 . Bush later made headlines by joining a group of Republicans who opposed the GOP nominee for President , Donald Trump .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8bfbd9d8af8239f82ada5f6654ed704a", "text": "North Florida North Florida is a region of the U.S. state of Florida , comprising the northern parts of the state . It is one of Florida 's three most common `` directional '' regions , along with South Florida and Central Florida . It includes Jacksonville and nearby localities in Northeast Florida , an interior region known as North Central Florida , and the Florida Panhandle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83bec5c8b656a5a040a315b16ba1c0f5", "text": "Ray C. Osborne Raymond Claiborne Osborne ( September 7 , 1933 -- March 3 , 2011 ) , was a Florida Republican Party politician who served as the first Lieutenant Governor of Florida under the state constitution of 1968 and the state 's first lieutenant governor since 1889 . Appointed by Republican Governor Claude R. Kirk , Jr. , Osborne was sworn in on January 7 , 1969 for a term that lasted two years . In 1970 , while Kirk sought re-election as governor , Osborne planned to run for the United States Senate in the Republican primary election against U.S. Representative William C. Cramer of St. Petersburg , whose nomination Kirk personally opposed . However , Osborne withdrew from the race when Judge G. Harrold Carswell of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit , who had been repudiated by the U.S. Senate for a seat on the Supreme Court , entered the race for senator . Carswell hoped to confront the senators who blocked his appointment . Ultimately , Cramer was nominated for the Senate but lost the general election to the Democrat Lawton Chiles of Lakeland . Years later , Kirk said that he `` should have stuck with Osborne '' and not encouraged Carswell to run . Kirk also said that he had not `` created '' Carswell 's candidacy , as many in the media had then depicted . Born in Winston-Salem , North Carolina , Osborne graduated from North Carolina State University in 1955 . He then served in the United States Army from 1955 to 1957 . Osborne graduated from the University of North Carolina School of Law in 1961 . Osborne moved with his wife to St. Petersburg , Florida . From 1964 to 1968 , Osborne served in the Florida House of Representatives , He then served on the Florida Public Service Commission in 1968 . Osborne practiced law for many years in Boca Raton , Florida , until his death in March 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15b61c4fc5ce3d93f175822944181521", "text": "Florida Legislature The Florida Legislature is the two houses that act as the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida . The Florida Constitution states that `` The legislative power of the state shall be vested in a legislature of the State of Florida , '' composed of a Senate and House of Representatives . The legislature is seated at the Florida State Capitol in Tallahassee . Both chambers have been under Republican control since 1996 . The Legislature is composed of 160 state legislators ( 120 in the House and 40 in the Senate ) . Members are term-limited to eight consecutive years ; however , there is no limit on the total number of terms ( after sitting out two years , a member may run again ) . The state legislature meets beginning in March for a period not to exceed 60 calendar days . Special sessions are called as needed . Its statutes , called `` chapter laws '' or generically as `` slip laws '' when printed separately , are compiled into the Laws of Florida and are called `` session laws '' . The Florida Statutes are the codified statutory laws of the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0424c0bc3e78efd392a5462387ad0b31", "text": "United States presidential election in Mississippi, 1988 The 1988 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 8 , 1988 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1988 United States presidential election . Mississippi voters chose 7 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . Mississippi was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas , who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis . Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President , and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen . Mississippi weighed in for this election as 6 % more Republican than the national average .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc5eb6b50fdd7f54ff9b5cc794bb42ba", "text": "Craig Waters Attorney Craig Waters has been the public information officer and communications director for the Florida Supreme Court in Tallahassee since June 1 , 1996 . He is best known as the public spokesman for the Court during the 2000 presidential election controversy , when he frequently appeared on worldwide newscasts announcing rulings in lawsuits over Florida 's decisive vote in the election . These cases are known to history as George W. Bush v. Albert Gore , Jr. or Bush v. Gore . Waters ' role in these events has been reprised in films , documentaries , and books about Florida 's botched 2000 general election , which forced the world to wait for more than a month to learn who would become the next President of the United State of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddb409e5847b06caaf9f37748297e874", "text": "Bob Butterworth Robert A. `` Bob '' Butterworth , Jr. ( born August 20 , 1942 ) is an American attorney and politician from the U.S. state of Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2c9d28ac05f415343f31e64109bda54", "text": "Hugh Rodham (born 1950) Hugh Edwin Rodham ( born 1950 ) is an American lawyer and former Democratic Party politician who is the brother of former New York Senator , First Lady , and Secretary of State , Hillary Rodham Clinton , and the brother-in-law of former U.S. President Bill Clinton . In 1989 Rodham became Assistant Public Defender for the Miami Drug Court . Rodham made one run for political office , winning the 1994 Democratic nomination for the United States Senate seat from Florida , but losing the general election to incumbent Senator Connie Mack III . During the Clinton administration , some of his actions came under public scrutiny . Since then he has been in private practice as a lawyer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30510f0a6b73e2481b3a2bc87592a36d", "text": "Ossian B. Hart Ossian Bingley Hart ( January 17 , 1821 -- March 18 , 1874 ) was the tenth Governor of the U.S. state of Florida , and the first governor of Florida who was born in the state . Born in Jacksonville to Isaiah Hart , one of the city 's founders , he was raised on his father 's plantation along the St. Johns River . He was a lawyer in Jacksonville . He moved to a farm near Fort Pierce , Florida in 1843 , and was a founding member of the St. Lucie County Board of Commissioners . In 1845 , Hart became Florida State Representative for St. Lucia County . In 1846 he moved to Key West where he resumed his law practice . In 1856 , he moved to Tampa , Florida . Despite his upbringing , Hart was a Republican and openly opposed secession from the United States , causing some difficult times for him during the American Civil War . Following the war , he helped reestablish the governments of the state and of the city of Jacksonville . In 1868 , he was appointed a justice of the Florida Supreme Court . In 1870 , he ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Congress , only to be elected governor two years later on January 7 , 1873 . He appointed Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs as Florida 's first African American Superintendent of Public Instruction . Following the campaign , he fell ill with pneumonia and died in Jacksonville . He was succeeded by lieutenant governor Marcellus Stearns , Florida 's last Republican governor until 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c798ee8225f79ab7b53d30338c4c95ad", "text": "United States presidential election, 1992 The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election . It was held on Tuesday , November 3 , 1992 . There were three major candidates : Incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush , Democratic Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton , and independent Texas businessman Ross Perot . Bush had alienated much of his conservative base by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes . The economy was in recession and Bush 's perceived greatest strength , foreign policy , was regarded as much less important following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War . Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote , and a wide Electoral College margin . The election was a significant realigning election after three consecutive Republican landslides . Northeastern , Upper Midwest , and West Coast states which had previously been competitive began voting reliably Democratic . As of 2016 , this is the most recent election in which an incumbent president was unseated , the previous one having been the 1980 election in which Ronald Reagan unseated then-incumbent Jimmy Carter . Perot 's campaign took 18.9 % of the vote , finishing second in Maine and Utah . This was noted for being the highest vote share of a third-party candidate since 1912 , though he did not obtain any electoral votes . As of 2017 , this is the last time Georgia and Montana voted for the Democratic candidate , and the last time the state of Florida was on the losing end of the presidential election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35073cf2acac53d94d52ea52e75c6c53", "text": "J. Danforth Bush Joshua Danforth Bush ( December 4 , 1868 -- December 4 , 1926 ) was an American businessman and Republican Party politician who served as the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Delaware , from January 18 , 1921 to January 20 , 1925 , under Governor William D. Denney . He resided in Wilmington , Delaware . Bush was also a wealthy businessman , as a member of one of Delaware 's more prominent families . His father , George W. Bush , had inherited the family shipping business from his own father and had expanded it to include a large business in anthracite , coal , and even yellow pine lumber . The company , George W. Bush & Sons , eventually passed the lumber business to J. Danforth Bush 's firm , a partnership with Robert B. Rayner . Bush also took on a large role in his father 's company . After George W. Bush died in 1900 , his sons incorporated their coal and transportation business as the George W. Bush & Sons Company . J. Danforth Bush was made vice president of the company . Bush was a prominent member of the Delaware Game Protective Association , at one time serving as that organization 's vice president for New Castle County . He also served as treasurer and secretary at various times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60f6e66a9147a315313e41b077285689", "text": "Dan Quayle James Danforth `` Dan '' Quayle ( born February 4 , 1947 ) is an American politician and lawyer . He was the 44th Vice President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 under President George H. W. Bush . He was also a U.S. Representative ( 1977 -- 81 ) and U.S. Senator ( 1981 -- 89 ) from the state of Indiana . A native of Indianapolis , Indiana , Quayle spent most of his childhood living in Paradise Valley , Arizona , a suburb of Phoenix . He married Marilyn Tucker in 1972 and obtained his J.D. from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in 1974 . He practiced law in Huntington , Indiana , with his wife before his election to the United States House of Representatives in 1976 , aged 29 . In 1980 Quayle won election to the Senate . In 1988 , Vice President George H. W. Bush , the Republican Party nominee for the presidency , chose Quayle as his vice presidential running mate . The Bush/Quayle ticket won the 1988 election over Democrats Michael Dukakis and Lloyd Bentsen . As vice president , Quayle made official visits to 47 countries and was appointed chairman of the National Space Council . He secured re-nomination for vice-president in 1992 , but Democrat Bill Clinton and his vice presidential running mate , Al Gore , defeated the Bush/Quayle ticket . In 1994 , Quayle published his memoir entitled Standing Firm but declined to run for public office in this time period because he was suffering from phlebitis . He sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2000 , but withdrew and supported George W. Bush . In 2016 , he endorsed Jeb Bush and after that he supported Donald Trump for president . Quayle and his wife reside in Paradise Valley , Arizona . Quayle is the chairman of global investments at Cerberus Capital Management .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3376405aa61117ceb96f50f02d0420cf", "text": "Rick Minton O. R. `` Rick '' Minton , Jr. ( born January 1 , 1950 ) previously served as a Representative in the House of Representatives of the U.S. state of Florida . He currently lives in Fort Pierce , Florida with his family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1410581078ab9a3b155bcd62f5e4426a", "text": "Gwen Graham Gwendolyn `` Gwen '' Graham ( born January 31 , 1963 ) is an American lawyer , politician and member of the Democratic Party who is the former U.S. Representative for from 2015 to 2017 . She is the daughter of Bob Graham , a former United States Senator and former Governor of Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23926556ef5ffa1249bf3605679f8f5", "text": "United States presidential election in Louisiana, 2000 The 2000 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 7 , 2000 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2000 United States presidential election . Voters chose 9 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Louisiana was won by Governor George W. Bush , a dramatic swing from the statewide results in 1996 when Democrat President Bill Clinton carried the state with 52 % of the vote and with a double digit margin of victory . Bush was the first Republican to carry the state since 1988 . Bush won most of the counties and congressional districts in the state . Bush dominated among the rural areas of the state . The only congressional district Gore won was the second district , which represents the very urban area of New Orleans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7257a8e4d1a84d776057620f1e5abcdf", "text": "Larcenia Bullard Larcenia J. Bullard ( July 21 , 1947 -- March 16 , 2013 ) was an American politician and a Democratic member of the Florida State Senate , representing the 39th District , which included parts of Collier , Hendry , Miami-Dade , Monroe , and Palm Beach Counties , from 2002 to 2012 . Bullard was born in Allendale , South Carolina , and moved to Florida in 1980 . In 1992 , she was elected to the Florida House of Representatives from the 118th District , defeating Republican candidate John Minchew . She was re-elected without opposition in 1994 , and in 1996 , defeated Republican William `` Bill '' Greene . Bullard sought a final term in the House in 1998 , and defeated Republican James Jones and Independent Denny Wood . She did not seek another term in 2000 , and was succeeded by her husband , Edward B. Bullard . In 2002 , Bullard sought election to the Florida State Senate from the 39th District , and , in the Democratic primary , faced former State Representative Ronald Saunders , former State Representative John F. Cosgrove , Donald Jones , and State Representative Cindy Lerner . Bullard narrowly defeated Saunders to win her party 's nomination by fewer than 800 votes , and in the general election , defeated Republican nominee Evaristo Marina in a landslide . Bullard faced a tough re-election campaign in 2004 , when former State Representative Ronald Saunders , who had run two years prior , and Sheila Chamberlain , ran against her in the Democratic primary . However , Bullard defeated both Saunders and Chamberlain , moving onto the general election , where she crushed her Republican opponent , Joseph Delaney . In 2008 , Bullard was unopposed for re-election and won a final term . She was unable to seek re-election in 2012 , and her son , Dwight Bullard , was elected to replace her . Bullard died on March 16 , 2013 . She was absent from 2011 Florida Legislative Session after suffering a heart attack , returning to the Senate floor in 2012 to complete her term . She appeared on the Senate floor two weeks before her death in support of her son , Senator Dwight Bullard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18e67f79d25620c7d7ec7f0a5769b1da", "text": "Mark Foley scandal The Mark Foley scandal , which broke in late September 2006 , centers on soliciting e-mails and sexually suggestive instant messages sent by Mark Foley , a Republican Congressman from Florida , to teenaged boys who had formerly served as congressional pages . Investigation was closed by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement ( FDLE ) on September 19 , 2008 citing insufficient evidence to pursue criminal charges as both `` Congress and Mr. Foley denied us access to critical data '' , said FDLE Commissioner Gerald Bailey . The scandal grew to encompass the response of Republican congressional leaders to previous complaints about Foley 's contacts with the pages and inconsistencies in the leaders ' public statements . There were also allegations that a second Republican Congressman , Jim Kolbe , had improper conduct with at least two youths , a 16-year-old page and a recently graduated page . The scandal led to Foley 's resignation from Congress on September 29 , 2006 . In some quarters , the scandal is believed to have contributed to the Republican Party 's loss of control over Congress in the November 7 , 2006 election , as well as the end of House Speaker Dennis Hastert 's leadership of the House Republicans . Kirk Fordham , chief of staff to Rep. Tom Reynolds and former chief of staff for Foley , also resigned as a result of the scandal . Newsweek 's June 7 , 2010 , issue 's BACK STORY listed Foley , among others , as a prominent conservative politician who had a record of anti-gay legislation and was later caught in a gay sex scandal . The questionable conversations , which took place between 1995 and 2005 , were investigated by the FBI for possible criminal violations . In September 2008 , Florida officials investigating Foley decided not to charge him , citing a lack of evidence and the expiration of the statute of limitations . The House Ethics Committee investigated the response of the House Republican leadership and their staff to earlier warnings about Foley 's conduct . In early October 2006 , two news organizations anonymously quoted former pages who said that they had sexual liaisons with Foley after turning 18 and 21 . Foley was chairman of the House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children , which introduced legislation targeting sexual predators and created stricter guidelines for tracking them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e65514ee8d827f12d8707f9fad1102b", "text": "Blab Television Blab Television is a cable television station located on Cox Cable channel 6 in Pensacola , Florida , USA and MediaCom channel 38 in Santa Rosa county . From 1984 to 2016 , it was locally owned by Fred Vigodsky , a businessman from Gulf Breeze ; he also served as the president . Programming consists entirely of local Information Programs , both 30 and 60 minute format , both live in the studio and taped . A live stream of the station 's broadcast is also available on the web at Blabtv.com along with numerous Video-On-Demand programs . One of the station 's hallmarks is that it delivers over 40 hours of live programming a week . The station is located downtown on Palafox Place in Pensacola , across the street from the Pensacola Saenger Theater . Though Blab audiences are n't usually measured in traditional rating surveys , in 1986 the Nielson company did include BLAB in an incidental survey . Neilson finding showed the viewership of the two-year-old station was higher than every other pensacola channel . except the three major network affiliates . At the time , Blab attracted more viewers than CNN , WGN , and WTBS combined . Joe Scarborough used Blab TV in his 1994 campaign to run for Florida 's 1st congressional district and became the first Republican to represent this district since its formation in 1900 , and the first freshman Republican to represent the Florida Panhandle since 1879 . On June 1 , 2016 , Vigodsky closed the sale of Blab Television to an equal partnership made up of Delta Health Group CFO and Treasurer John Tolan and broadcasting veterans Doug Bunze and Eric Ober for an undisclosed sum . Bunze serves as the general manager and CEO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb0950cf3ce4c33a5bd0ba5ee9bfed4", "text": "Joe Davis (politician) Sylvan Joseph Davis , Jr. ( born May 19 , 1923 ) , is an American retired politician , lawyer and judge in the state of Florida . Davis was born in Leesburg , Georgia in 1923 . After moving to Florida in 1930 , he was educated in Sanford , Florida and attended Stetson University where he attained his legal degree in 1954 in the law school of that same institution . He is a member of the Phi Alpha Delta fraternal organization . Admitted to the Florida bar in 1957 , he is also a member of the Seminole County and American Bar Associations . He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1962 , serving a two terms , representing Seminole County from 1962 to 1966 . Davis has also served stints as City Attorney of Altamonte Springs , Florida , Longwood , Florida , Oviedo , Florida . He is currently senior judge on the Florida Circuit Court 's Eighteenth Judicial Circuit , being initially appointed there in 1979 by Governor Bob Graham in 1979 . He is also a certified mediator and arbitrator . He is married to Betty Jane Woodcock and has three daughters . An active community man , Davis is a past president of the Seminole County Bar Association and Seminole County Chamber of Commerce , among many posts held . His religion is Baptist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "338e014d5461ab655a9d56711bd2fa25", "text": "Democrats for Nixon Democrats for Nixon was a campaign to promote Democratic support for the then-incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon in the 1972 presidential election . The campaign was led by the former Democratic governor of Texas , John Connally . Connally , who was serving as the United States Secretary of the Treasury , announced that he would be supporting Nixon for re-election and would spend his time until the elections working on behalf of the incumbent . A Democrat who had been Governor of Texas and United States Secretary of the Navy under John F. Kennedy , Connally formally announced the formation of the organization in August 1972 . Polling cited by Connally indicated that as many as 20 million Democrats would cross over to vote for Nixon and invited `` all those millions of Democrats who realize that in this Presidential election President Nixon is simply the better choice '' . Connally stated that he was troubled by Senator George McGovern 's campaign and felt that the Democratic party `` is becoming an ideological machine closed to millions who have been the party 's most loyal and steadfast members '' under McGovern 's leadership . The committee included Mayor Beverly Briley of Nashville , Tennessee , former Governor of Florida Farris Bryant , Mayor of Boston John F. Collins , Mayor Thomas G. Dunn of Elizabeth , New Jersey , Teamsters president Frank Fitzsimmons , Governor of Virginia Mills E. Godwin , Jr. , Mayor of Miami , Florida David T. Kennedy and Leonard Marks who had previously headed the United States Information Agency . A fundraising target of as much as $ 3 million was set for the organization . Connally also announced that Jeno Paulucci , a frozen food distributor who had been closely involved as a fundraiser for Hubert H. Humphrey in his presidential bids , would serve as head of a group encouraging independent voters to choose Nixon . In a September 1972 article in The New York Times , Connally was quoted as saying that increasing numbers of traditionally Democratic voters were leaving the fold because they `` are afraid of George McGovern '' because of his proposals for major cutbacks in defense spending and in the number of U.S. troops serving in Europe . Connally insisted that `` it is in the best interests of this country that the president be re-elected this year '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b67cc41a0e0af47ae2bc025ba2606a9d", "text": "United States presidential election in Michigan, 1988 The 1988 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 8 , 1988 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1988 United States presidential election . Michigan voters chose 20 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . Michigan was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas , who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis . Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President , and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen . Michigan weighed in for this election as 0.1 % more Republican than the national average . This was the last time that the state of Michigan would be won by a Republican presidential candidate until 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
03185cca5247e30825bd31a786280581	Steve Jobs was a businessman.	[ { "docid": "be5d559ffe23423212a948b54144a47c", "text": "Steve Jobs Steven Paul Jobs ( -LSB- ˈdʒɒbz -RSB- February 24 , 1955 -- October 5 , 2011 ) was an American entrepreneur , businessman , inventor , and industrial designer . He was the co-founder , chairman , and chief executive officer ( CEO ) of Apple Inc. ; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar ; a member of The Walt Disney Company 's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar ; and founder , chairman , and CEO of NeXT . Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s . Jobs was born in San Francisco to Syrian parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth ; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s . Jobs briefly attended Reed College in 1972 before dropping out . He then decided to travel through India in 1974 seeking enlightenment and studying Zen Buddhism . Jobs 's declassified FBI report stated that an acquaintance knew that Jobs had used the illegal drugs marijuana and LSD while he was in college . Jobs once told a reporter that taking LSD was `` one of the two or three most important things '' he did in his life . Jobs and Wozniak co-founded Apple in 1976 to sell Wozniak 's Apple I personal computer . The visionaries gained fame and wealth a year later for the Apple II , one of the first highly successful mass-produced personal computers . In 1979 , after a tour of PARC , Jobs saw the commercial potential of the Xerox Alto , which was mouse-driven and had a graphical user interface ( GUI ) . This led to development of the unsuccessful Apple Lisa in 1983 , followed by the breakthrough Macintosh in 1984 . In addition to being the first mass-produced computer with a GUI , the Macintosh introduced the sudden rise of the desktop publishing industry in 1985 with the addition of the Apple LaserWriter , the first laser printer to feature vector graphics . Following a long power struggle , Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985 . After leaving Apple , Jobs took a few of its members with him to found NeXT , a computer platform development company specializing in state-of-the-art computers for higher-education and business markets . In addition , Jobs helped to initiate the development of the visual effects industry when he funded the spinout of the computer graphics division of George Lucas 's Lucasfilm in 1986 . The new company , Pixar , would eventually produce the first fully computer-animated film , Toy Story -- an event made possible in part because of Jobs 's financial support . In 1997 , Apple merged with NeXT . Within a few months of the merger , Jobs became CEO of his former company , reviving Apple at the verge of bankruptcy . Beginning in 1997 with the `` Think different '' advertising campaign , Jobs worked closely with designer Jonathan Ive to develop a line of products that would have larger cultural ramifications : the iMac , iTunes and iTunes Store , Apple Store , iPod , iPhone , App Store , and the iPad . Mac OS was also revamped into OS X ( renamed `` macOS '' in 2016 ) , based on NeXT 's NeXTSTEP platform . Jobs was diagnosed with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in 2003 and died on October 5 , 2011 , of respiratory arrest related to the tumor .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ca06766cdf24706426661e5491090c27", "text": "Moore's law Moore 's law ( -LSB- mɔərz.ˈlɔː -RSB- ) is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years . The observation is named after Gordon Moore , the co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel , whose 1965 paper described a doubling every year in the number of components per integrated circuit , and projected this rate of growth would continue for at least another decade . In 1975 , looking forward to the next decade , he revised the forecast to doubling every two years . The period is often quoted as 18 months because of Intel executive David House , who predicted that chip performance would double every 18 months ( being a combination of the effect of more transistors and the transistors being faster ) . Moore 's prediction proved accurate for several decades , and has been used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set targets for research and development . Advancements in digital electronics are strongly linked to Moore 's law : quality-adjusted microprocessor prices , memory capacity , sensors and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras . Digital electronics has contributed to world economic growth in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries . Moore 's law describes a driving force of technological and social change , productivity , and economic growth . Moore 's law is an observation or projection and not a physical or natural law . Although the rate held steady from 1975 until around 2012 , the rate was faster during the first decade . In general , it is not logically sound to extrapolate from the historical growth rate into the indefinite future . For example , the 2010 update to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors , predicted that growth would slow around 2013 , and in 2015 Gordon Moore foresaw that the rate of progress would reach saturation : `` I see Moore 's law dying here in the next decade or so . '' Intel stated in 2015 that the pace of advancement has slowed , starting at the 22 nm feature width around 2012 , and continuing at 14 nm . Brian Krzanich , CEO of Intel , announced that `` our cadence today is closer to two and a half years than two . '' This is scheduled to hold through the 10 nm width in late 2017 . He cited Moore 's 1975 revision as a precedent for the current deceleration , which results from technical challenges and is `` a natural part of the history of Moore 's law . '' However , in April 2016 , Intel CEO Brian Krzanich stated that `` In my 34 years in the semiconductor industry , I have witnessed the advertised death of Moore 's Law no less than four times . As we progress from 14 nanometer technology to 10 nanometer and plan for 7 nanometer and 5 nanometer and even beyond , our plans are proof that Moore 's Law is alive and well '' . In January 2017 , he declared that `` I 've heard the death of Moore 's law more times than anything else in my career , '' Krzanich said . `` And I 'm here today to really show you and tell you that Moore 's Law is alive and well and flourishing . '' Today hardware has to be designed in a multi-core manner to keep up with Moore 's law . In turn , this also means that software has to be written in a multi-threaded manner to take full advantage of the hardware .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4478368fd861952944518d3e11a0ddd6", "text": "Core International Core International , Inc. commonly known as Core , was a multinational computer and technology corporation headquartered in Boca Raton , Florida , United States . The company is now part of Sony and no longer exists as stand-alone identity . The company was founded in 1979 by Hal Prewitt as a technology firm to develop , market and support computer related products and services . They were best known for supporting IBM 's first business microcomputers such as the 5100 , 5110 and 5120 . With the introduction of the IBM PC and PC AT , the company provided an extensive line of disk drives , backup and personal computer products . Core became very well known as a leading industry developer of disk array and computer data storage . Many of Core 's products were the first of their kind , had no direct competition and were widely regarded for their superior performance and reliability . Users and the computer press raved about Core 's products . Infoworld described Core 's ATplus `` is built like a Sherman tank , offering exceptional performance and reliability . '' PC Magazine called them `` Workhorses of Performance Computing '' and `` High-quality construction . . breaks the speed barrier for access times '' and asked `` Will other manufactures follow suit ? '' Core was known for their advertising and perhaps produced a few of the PC Industry 's greatest promotions . The 1985 and 1986 rebate and recall Ad for IBM PC AT hard disk drives . So successful and controversial , there was a rumor it was a topic at an IBM board of directors meeting . And the time where they gave away a free IBM PC AT when purchasing one of Core 's ATplus 72 MB drives . Core remained a private company solely owned by Prewitt until 1993 when purchased by Aiwa , which was a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "415fcdd5d4a0f51d3745c60b2e8574f7", "text": "Japanese work environment Many both in and outside Japan share an image of the Japanese work environment that is based on a and '' model used by large companies as well as a reputation of long work-hours and strong devotion to one 's company . This environment is said to reflect economic conditions beginning in the 1920s , when major corporations competing in the international marketplace began to accrue the same prestige that had traditionally been ascribed to the daimyo-retainer relationship of feudal Japan or government service in the Meiji Restoration . At the very top , the most prestigious companies would recruit and retain the best workers by offering better benefits and truly lifetime job security . By the 1960s , employment at a large prestigious company had become the goal of children of the new middle class , the pursuit of which required mobilization of family resources and great individual perseverance in order to achieve success in the fiercely competitive education system . Employees are expected to work hard and demonstrate loyalty to the firm , in exchange for some degree of job security and benefits , such as housing subsidies , good insurance , the use of recreation facilities , and bonuses and pensions . Wages begin low , but seniority is rewarded , with promotions based on a combination of seniority and ability . Leadership is not based on assertiveness or quick decision making but on the ability to create consensus , taking into account the needs of subordinates . Surveys indicate continued preference for bosses who are demanding but show concern for workers ' private lives over less-demanding bosses interested only in performance on the job . This system rewards behavior demonstrating identification with the team effort , indicated by singing the company song , not taking all of one 's vacation days , and sharing credit for accomplishments with the work group . Pride in one 's work is expressed through competition with other parallel sections in the company and between one 's company and other companies in similar lines of business . Thus , individuals are motivated to maintain wa ( harmony ) and participate in group activities , not only on the job but also in after-hours socializing ( nomikai ) . The image of group loyalty , however , may be more a matter of ideology than practice , especially for people who do not make it to the top .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab74b230c8bc06d8bb84591835646973", "text": "Technology company A technology company ( often tech company ) is a type of business entity that focuses primarily on the development and manufacturing of technology . Apple , IBM , Lenovo , Huawei , Microsoft , BLOCK X and Oracle , among others , are considered prototypical technology companies . Information technology ( IT ) companies and high tech companies are subsets of technology companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "511ad5f5adfbab5a21794bcbc9afc23e", "text": "Employee stock ownership plan An employee stock ownership plan ( ESOP ) is an employee-owner program that provides a company 's workforce with an ownership interest in the company . In an ESOP , companies provide their employees with stock ownership , often at no upfront cost to the employees . ESOP shares , however , are part of employees ' remuneration for work performed . Shares are allocated to employees and may be held in an ESOP trust until the employee retires or leaves the company . The shares are then either bought back by the company for redistribution or voided . Some corporations are majority employee-owned ; the term `` employee-owned corporation '' often refers to such companies . Such organizations are similar to worker cooperatives , but unlike cooperatives , control of the company 's capital is not necessarily evenly distributed . In many cases , voting rights are given only to certain shareholders , and more senior employees may be allocated more shares than new hires ; typically , they are tied to the compensation an employee receives from the company . Compared with cooperatives , ESOP-centered corporations often allow for company executives to have greater flexibility and control in governing and managing the corporation . Most corporations , however , use stock ownership plans as a form of in-kind benefit as a way to prevent hostile takeovers or to maintain a specific corporate culture . The plans generally prevent average employees from holding too much of the company 's stock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a9a3543824938c41016e99a530fc298", "text": "Executive compensation Executive compensation or executive pay is composed of the financial compensation and other non-financial awards received by an executive from their firm for their service to the organization . It is typically a mixture of salary , bonuses , shares of or call options on the company stock , benefits , and perquisites , ideally configured to take into account government regulations , tax law , the desires of the organization and the executive , and rewards for performance . The three decades starting with the 1980s , saw a dramatic rise in executive pay relative to that of an average worker 's wage in the United States , and to a lesser extent in a number of other countries . Observers differ as to whether this rise is a natural and beneficial result of competition for scarce business talent that can add greatly to stockholder value in large companies , or a socially harmful phenomenon brought about by social and political changes that have given executives greater control over their own pay . Recent studies have indicated that executive compensation should be better aligned with social goals ( e.g. public health goals ) . Executive pay is an important part of corporate governance , and is often determined by a company 's board of directors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca83c2d7b16cc8fb1b88a8d89aa09ef2", "text": "United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with . Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares . Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4bb7be9ff8a01a759db37ea9cb27e8c", "text": "John Couch (American executive) John Couch is the Vice President of Education at Apple , Inc. . Couch holds an A.B. in Computer Science from Berkeley , 1969 . He earned his master 's degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in 1970 . John spent an additional two years in the Computer Science Ph.D. program . He left the program to work for Hewlett Packard as a software engineer . In 2010 John was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Philadelphia University for his innovative contributions to education . At Hewlett Packard , John took on management roles at the same time teaching graduate courses at Cal State San Jose . He coauthored the textbook published by SRA ( Science Research Associates ) titled `` Compiler Construction : Theory and Practice . '' In 1978 John was recruited by Steve Jobs as Director of New Products for Apple Computer , Inc. . In early 1979 John was promoted to Vice President of Software . Like Steve , John was influenced by their visit to Xerox PARC and managed the initial graphical user interface for the Lisa system . John was promoted to General Manager and Vice President of the newly created Lisa division , called `` Personal Office Systems . '' He ran the Lisa division through launch . In the early years of Macintosh development , a Lisa was needed to compile software for the new machine . Bruce Horn tells a story in which he needed a Lisa for this purpose , and Steve Jobs directed him to just take one from John Couch 's office when he was away . Horn did so , and even decades later `` I still do n't know to this day whether Steve had arranged this with John , or if John came back to the surprise of an empty desk . '' The truth being , at the time , the Macintosh was under development , and there were a limited number of Lisa machines available to develop Macintosh software . John felt it more important for the Macintosh developers to have use of the machine than for him to have one on his desk . Couch left Apple in 1984 to take over a struggling Christian school in Solana Beach , CA . Couch served as Executive in Residence for the Mayfield Fund . In 1997 , he became CEO of biotechnology software maker DoubleTwist ( then called Pangea Systems ) and served in this capacity , and then as Chairman , until the company failed in 2002 . At this point he returned to Apple to fill the newly created role of Vice President of Education .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f46561196c56583d00983eac1a1524cf", "text": "Service economy Service economy can refer to one or both of two recent economic developments : The increased importance of the service sector in industrialized economies . The current list of Fortune 500 companies contains more service companies and fewer manufacturers than in previous decades . The relative importance of service in a product offering . The service economy in developing countries is mostly concentrated in financial services , hospitality , retail , health , human services , information technology and education . Products today have a higher service component than in previous decades . In the management literature this is referred to as the servitization of products or a product-service system . Virtually every product today has a service component to it . The old dichotomy between product and service has been replaced by a service-product continuum . Many products are being transformed into services . For example , IBM treats its business as a service business . Although it still manufactures computers , it sees the physical goods as a small part of the `` business solutions '' industry . They have found that the price elasticity of demand for `` business solutions '' is much less than for hardware . There has been a corresponding shift to a subscription pricing model . Rather than receiving a single payment for a piece of manufactured equipment , many manufacturers are now receiving a steady stream of revenue for ongoing contracts . Full cost accounting and most accounting reform and monetary reform measures are usually thought to be impossible to achieve without a good model of the service economy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b905ae3bf3c989333a96bd5623366f84", "text": "Post-industrial economy A post-industrial economy refers to a period of growth within an industrialized economy or nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing reduces and that of services , information , and research grows . Such economies are often marked by : A declining manufacturing sector , resulting in deindustrialization , a large service sector , and an increase in the amount of information technology , often leading to an `` information age '' . Information , knowledge , and creativity are the new raw materials of such an economy . The industry aspect of a post-industrial economy is sent into less developed nations which manufacture what is needed at lower costs ( see outsourcing ) . This occurrence is typical of nations that industrialized in the past such as the United States and most Western European countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "377e7d6b49d1bb23ca483cc47e1f8964", "text": "Division (business) A division of a business , sometimes called a business sector , is one of the parts into which a business , organization or company is divided . The divisions are distinct parts of that business . If these divisions are all part of the same company , then that company is legally responsible for all of the obligations and debts of the divisions . However , in a large organization , various parts of the business may be run by different subsidiaries , and a business division may include one or many subsidiaries . Each subsidiary is a separate legal entity owned by the primary business or by another subsidiary in the hierarchy . Often a division operates under a separate name and is the equivalent of a corporation or limited liability company obtaining a fictitious name or `` doing business as '' certificate and operating a business under that fictitious name . Companies often set up business units to operate in divisions prior to the legal formation of subsidiaries . Generally , only an `` entity '' , e.g. a corporation , public limited company ( plc ) or limited liability company , etc. would have a `` division '' ; an individual operating in this manner would simply be `` operating under a fictitious name '' . An example of this would be to look at Hewlett Packard ( HP ) , the computer and printer company . HP has several divisions , with the printer division , that makes laser and inkjet printers , being the largest and most profitable division . The divisions of HP , like the Printing & Multifunction division , the Handheld Devices ( includes the old calculator ) division , the Servers division ( mini and mainframe computers ) , etc. , all use the HP brand name . But , Compaq ( a part of HP since 2002 ) , operates as a subsidiary , using the Compaq brand name . Mack Trucks continues to run itself separately , but is a wholly owned subsidiary of AB Volvo . Volvo Trucks also sells trucks under the Volvo name . Within Mack , there is a division named Mack de Venezuela C.A. that does final assembly and sells trucks in South America . Another less obvious example is that Google Video is a division of Google , and is part of the same corporate entity . But the YouTube video service is a subsidiary of Google because it remains operated as YouTube , LLC , a separate business entity even though it is owned by Google .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49edc0e25c4d6f1b4445da248df86afe", "text": "Corporate design A corporate design ( CD ) is the official graphical design of the logo and name of a company or institution used on letterheads , envelopes , forms , folders , brochures , etc. . The house style is created in such a way that all the elements are arranged in a distinctive design and pattern . This includes dictating what ink pantones should be used in the coloring , and what typefaces . Governments may have corporate designs as well . On June 2 , 1999 , the German federal cabinet introduced a corporate design for the flag of Germany . The term ` corporate design ' is not the name of a specific design profession . Corporations do have special design needs based on their behaviors . They communicate their mission , objectives , needs , and product information -- with users , clients , or members ; with suppliers , distributors , service providers ; with the surrounding community and the media ; with financial institutions and other corporations , and with the state . They create , acquire , modify , organize and distribute large amounts of information and raw data , as well as goods and services . ( Sometimes the goods or services are themselves information . For example , The Yellow Pages , or The New York Times . ) A designer whose client is a corporation will include the logo and other elements of the corporate brand as a way to standardize and unify all communication between company and audience , whether in print or online . Scenarios that includes human-computer interactions take place through software and hardware user interfaces that are also branded and designed with the corporate culture in mind . ( Examples of user scenarios : update the Web site , transfer funds , document procedures , control security , operate machinery , plan projects , conduct virtual meetings , check inventory , fill an order , or ship a product . ) These interactions are increasingly taking place through Web sites , through mobile devices and at dedicated terminals , and may include sound , video , animation and user feedback mechanisms . A savvy designer will create designs that can be adapted to all of these applications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f609b4780542a5040cba139dd4f6df2", "text": "Managerialism Managerialism is a belief in the value of professional managers and of the concepts and methods they use . Contemporary management writers such as Thomas Diefenbach associate managerialism with hierarchy . But managerialism is also linked to control , accountability and measurement , and an ideologically determined belief in the importance of tightly managed organizations , as opposed to individuals , or to groups that do not resemble an organization . Following Enteman 's classic on Managerialism : The Emergence of a New Ideology ( 1993 ) , American management experts Robert Locke and J C Spender see managerialism as an expression of a special group -- management -- that entrenches itself ruthlessly and systemically in an organization . It deprives owners of decision-making power and workers of their ability to resist managerialism . In fact the rise of managerialism may in itself be a response to people 's resistance in society and more specific workers ' opposition against managerial regimes . Building on Enteman ( 1993 ) and Locke/Spender ( 2011 ) the most up-to-date definition of Managerialism has been delivered by Thomas Klikauer in `` Managerialism -- Critique of an Ideology '' ( 2013 ) defining Managerialism as '' -LSB- ... -RSB- Managerialism combines management knowledge and ideology to establish itself systemically in organisations and society while depriving owners , employees ( organisational-economical ) and civil society ( social-political ) of all decision-making powers . Managerialism justifies the application of managerial techniques to all areas of society on the grounds of superior ideology , expert training , and the exclusive possession of managerial knowledge necessary to efficiently run corporations and societies . '' As Fayol 's and Taylor 's simple management mutated into managerialism , managerialism became a full-fledged ideology under the following formula : Management + Ideology + Expansion = Managerialism Two examples of the extension of management into the non-management domain -- the not for profit sphere of human existence -- are public schools and universities . In both cases , managerialism occurs when public institutions are run `` as if '' these were for-profit organization even though they remain government institutions funded through state taxes . In these cases , the term new public management has been used . But the ideology of managerialism can even extend into more distant institutions such as , for example , a College of Physicians . At a time when much of this started Albert A. Anderson summarized managerialism as the ideological principle that sees societies as equivalent to the sum of the decisions and transactions made by the managements of organizations . This carries connotations to the Historian James Hoopes wrote ( 2003 ) : '' -LSB- ... -RSB- the main genesis of managerialism lay in the human relations movement that took root at the Harvard Business School in the 1920s and 1930s under the guiding hand of Professor Elton Mayo . Mayo , an immigrant from Australia , saw democracy as divisive and lacking in community spirit . He looked to corporate managers to restore the social harmony that he believed the uprooting experiences of immigration and industrialization had destroyed and that democracy was incapable of repairing . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57c7dada6d9d202fde1e31f3d14231ea", "text": "Bill Fernandez Bill Fernandez is a user interface architect and inventor who was Apple Computer 's first employee when they incorporated in 1977 and is Apple employee # 4 . He worked on both the Apple I and Apple II personal computers , and in the 1980s was a member of the Apple Macintosh development team . He contributed to several user interface aspects of the classic Mac OS , QuickTime and HyperCard and owns a user interface patent granted in 1994 . He is also credited with introducing fellow Homestead High School student Steve Jobs to his friend ( and Homestead alum ) Steve Wozniak to each other . Fernandez is portrayed by the actor Victor Rasuk in the 2013 film Jobs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f60dc0e5a8d760af3757f0f31505b81", "text": "Corporate personality Corporate personality is a concept in Christian theology that was articulated by H. Wheeler Robinson . As originally formulated , it dealt with areas of the Old Testament where the relationships between individuals and the groups that they were part of were treated . For example , Achan 's family was ( at least in some interpretations of the text ) collectively punished for a sin that is viewed as primarily Achan 's alone . It has since fallen out of favour with theologians , who now favour other interpretations of the Old Testament . However , some theologians still use the idea , construed in a more narrow sense , to explain the use of '' ἐν '' for `` in Christ '' ( amongst others ) in the New Testament writings of Paul the Apostle . The notion of Old Testament corporate personality encompasses four things : identificationIndividuals are never considered to be isolated from the groups that they belong to , and are often treated as representatives for , or even as wholly identified with , those groups . extensionThe boundaries of the individual are extended to additionally encompass other people that belong to that individual . This extension can be both in space , from a king to a kingdom , and in time , from a parent to his descendants . Examples of extension include Achan ( mentioned earlier ) , Korah ( Izhar 's son ) , and David , where a leader is punished or rewarded by punishing or rewarding those whom he leads . realismThe relationship between the group and the individual is a real one . oscillationThere exists an oscillation back and forth between the group and the individual . In Pauline theology , the notion of corporate personality is largely restricted to its representational aspect . Paul 's comparison between Jesus Christ and Adam is viewed , by those theologians that adhere to the notion , as an identification of Christ as the king and those people in the kingdom that he leads . Similarly , in his Epistle to the Galatians , Paul speaks of Gentiles being blessed both `` in '' Abraham and also `` with '' him -- which these theologians hold to be another example of corporate personality in Paul 's writings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be442047c54c11bc9eef0a3b7aca6931", "text": "Dead-end job A dead-end job is a pejorative term used to describe a job in which there is little or no chance of career development and advancement into a higher paid position . Such work is usually regarded as unskilled and the phrase usually applies to those working as shelf stackers , cleaners , call center agents , clerks , or in other menial jobs where the pay is low , and the hours are long . Furthermore , positions not regarded as menial may nonetheless qualify as dead-end jobs and forms of underemployment . A specialized employee working in a small firm in an underdeveloped local market , for example , might have few opportunities for advancement within the company while simultaneously facing a dearth of opportunities outside it . Most dead-end jobs offer little to no transferable skills and may `` trap '' workers . Dead-end jobs are not limited to menial labor , retail or fast food roles . Professional positions in call centers , loss-mitigation underwriting , administrative and clerical work may offer almost no advancement potential . Another common indicator of a dead-end job is the risk of it being made obsolete by automation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52162ac2ca960a951fc5c11df2430473", "text": "The Entrepreneurial State The Entrepreneurial State : Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths is a 2013 book written by Mariana Mazzucato which argues that the United States ' economic success is a result of public and state funded investments in innovation and technology , rather than a result of the small state , free market doctrine that often receives credit for the country 's strong economy . Mazzucato argues that understanding the difference between the `` myth '' and the reality of this success is particularly important saying : `` If the rest of the world wants to emulate the US model , they should do as the United States actually did , not as they say they did '' . The book was listed among the Financial Times best books of the year , and was reviewed in several publications including The New York Times and The Wall Street Jornal . It is both praised and criticized by several social science journals , and has started numerous discussions among economists and social scientists around the world about the role of the state in the world of technological innovations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50934834eb7f952a4243d77a1c96ee21", "text": "Companies law Company law ( or the law of business associations ) is the field of law concerning companies and other business organizations . This includes corporations , partnerships and other associations which usually carry on some form of economic or charitable activity . The most prominent kind of company , usually referred to as a `` corporation '' , is a `` juristic person '' , i.e. it has separate legal personality , and those who invest money into the business have limited liability for any losses the company makes , governed by corporate law . The largest companies are usually publicly listed on stock exchanges around the world . Even single individuals , also known as sole traders may incorporate themselves and limit their liability in order to carry on a business . All different forms of companies depend on the particular law of the particular country in which they reside . The law of business organizations originally derived from the common law of England , but has evolved significantly in the 20th century . In common law countries today , the most commonly addressed forms are : Corporation Limited company Unlimited company Limited liability partnership Limited partnership Not-for-profit corporation Company limited by guarantee Partnership Sole Proprietorship The proprietary limited company is a statutory business form in several countries , including Australia . Many countries have forms of business entity unique to that country , although there are equivalents elsewhere . Examples are the limited liability company ( LLC ) and the limited liability limited partnership ( LLLP ) in the United States . Other types of business organizations , such as cooperatives , credit unions and publicly owned enterprises , can be established with purposes that parallel , supersede , or even replace the profit maximization mandate of business corporations . For a country-by-country listing of officially recognized forms of business organization , see Types of business entity . There are various types of company that can be formed in different jurisdictions , but the most common forms of company are : a company limited by guarantee . Commonly used where companies are formed for non-commercial purposes , such as clubs or charities . The members guarantee the payment of certain ( usually nominal ) amounts if the company goes into insolvent liquidation , but otherwise they have no economic rights in relation to the company . a company limited by guarantee with a share capital . A hybrid entity , usually used where the company is formed for non-commercial purposes , but the activities of the company are partly funded by investors who expect a return . a company limited by shares . The most common form of company used for business ventures . an unlimited company either with or without a share capital . This is a hybrid company , a company similar to its limited company ( Ltd. ) counterpart but where the members or shareholders do not benefit from limited liability should the company ever go into formal liquidation . There are , however , many specific categories of corporations and other business organizations which may be formed in various countries and jurisdictions throughout the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c01b13a54e784b37e5e4499da5d61824", "text": "Evolution of Management Systems ' A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives . After World War II , the reigning paradigm of product-oriented mass production had reached its peak . Examples of management systems at that time are linear assembly lines , organizational hierarchies of command , product quality control and mass consumption . Soon afterwards , the Deming-Juran process-quality teachings spearheaded a new quality orientation ( later referred to as Total quality management ) and propelled Japan directly to the post-war process focus ( process quality control , just-in-time , continuous improvement ) . The US responded by a painful and prolonged product-to-process transformation , ultimately leveling the playing field again by the mid 1980s . At the end of the 1980s , business process reengineering focused on the radical redesign of the production process through the reintegration of task , labor and knowledge . As a result , lean , flexible and streamlined production processes were created , capable of fast response and internet-based integration necessary for the upcoming phase of supply chains - business-to-business ( B2B ) -- as well as demand chains -- business-to-customer ( B2C ) . In the above three stages of Evolution of Management Systems '' ' , the competitive advantage was derived almost exclusively from the internal resources of the firm . At the end of the 1980s , a radical fourth shift has occurred : the competitive advantage became increasingly derived from the external resources of the firm -- through the extended networks of suppliers and customers . Figure 1 refers to the basic scheme of production and service delivery process . It represents the traditional linear input-process-output management system . This system has been fixed and unchanging for centuries . The only change has been in terms of changing focus on individual components of the system , emphasizing different parts of this basic scheme . Although the scheme itself ( inputs → process → outputs ) remains mostly unchallenged , there are some indications that this business model will undergo major restructurings in the future ( in the emerging stages of Evolution of Management Systems ) . It will become disaggregated and distributed , subjected to non-linear modularity and bringing forth new ways of making things and delivering services . Then it will become reintegrated again , tying together globally distributed components into a unified recycling whole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32c88301ae1b707a8536afad802f4c12", "text": "Functional Strategy Functional strategy - organizational plans prepared for various functional areas of a company 's organizational structure ( e.g. , marketing strategy , financial strategy , production strategy etc. ) . Functional strategies can be part of overall corporate strategy or serve as separate plans of strategy cascading/implementation within a functional area . Some common functional strategies are : Production strategy ( `` make or buy '' ) - defines what the company produces itself , and that purchases from suppliers or partners , that is , how far worked out the production chain . Financial Strategy - to select the main source of funding : the development of their own funds ( depreciation , profit , the issue of shares , etc. ) or through debt financing ( bank loans , bonds , commodity suppliers ' credits , etc. ) . Organizational strategy - decision on the organization of the staff ( choose the type of organizational structure , compensation system , etc. ) . others , such as : research and development ( R & D ) strategy , investment strategy , etc. . In addition , each of the functional strategies can be divided into components . For example , organizational strategy can be divided into three components : strategy of building organizations - to select the type of structure ( divisional , functional , project , etc. ) ; strategy to work with the staff - a way of training ( mainly administrative staff ) , training of staff ( in a business or educational institutions ) , career planning , etc. ; strategy of remuneration ( wages , rewards and penalties ) - in particular , the approach to the compensation of senior managers ( salary , bonuses , profit sharing , etc. ) . Responsible for implementation of the strategy at the functional level are senior specialists ( Ch . Engineer , Director of Finance ) . At the enterprise level - CEO , general director or director of the department , at the level of groups of companies - a collegiate body ( board of directors ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
699c03c8244bb80eb8a139cb426c0100	Watchmen is a screenplay.	[ { "docid": "635a59d215f1066d64ec65b47dc054a0", "text": "Watchmen Watchmen is an American comic-book limited series published by DC Comics in 1986 and 1987 , and collected in 1987 . The series was created by a British collaboration consisting of writer Alan Moore , artist Dave Gibbons , and colorist John Higgins . Watchmen originated from a story proposal Moore submitted to DC featuring superhero characters that the company had acquired from Charlton Comics . As Moore 's proposed story would have left many of the characters unusable for future stories , managing editor Dick Giordano convinced Moore to create original characters instead . Moore used the story as a means to reflect contemporary anxieties and to deconstruct and parody the superhero concept . Watchmen depicts an alternate history where superheroes emerged in the 1940s and 1960s and their presence changed history so that the United States won the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal was never exposed . In 1985 , the country is edging toward World War III with the Soviet Union , freelance costumed vigilantes have been outlawed and most former superheroes are in retirement or working for the government . The story focuses on the personal development and moral struggles of the protagonists as an investigation into the murder of a government-sponsored superhero pulls them out of retirement . Creatively , the focus of Watchmen is on its structure . Gibbons used a nine-panel grid layout throughout the series and added recurring symbols such as a blood-stained smiley face . All but the last issue feature supplemental fictional documents that add to the series ' backstory , and the narrative is intertwined with that of another story , an in-story pirate comic titled Tales of the Black Freighter , which one of the characters reads . Structured , at times , as a nonlinear narrative , the story skips through space , time and plot . In the same manner , entire scenes and dialogue have parallels with others through synchronicity , coincidence and repeated imagery . A commercial success , Watchmen has received critical acclaim both in the comics and mainstream press , and is considered by several critics and reviewers to be one of the most significant works of 20th-century literature . Watchmen was recognized in Times List of the 100 Best Novels as one of the best English language novels published since 1923 , and placed # 91 on The Comics Journals list of the top 100 comics of the 20th century . The BBC described it as `` The moment comic books grew up . '' After a number of attempts to adapt the series into a feature film , director Zack Snyder 's Watchmen was released in 2009 . A video game series , Watchmen : The End Is Nigh , was released in the same year to coincide with the film 's release . In 2012 , DC Comics published Before Watchmen , a comic-book series acting as a prequel to the original Watchmen series , without Moore and Gibbons ' involvement .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f4ebb43d594465db79d27de8c46bbfaf", "text": "One Night (2012 film) One Night ( 38 témoins ) , also known as 38 Witnesses , is a 2012 Belgian-French drama film directed by Lucas Belvaux . It was written by Belvaux based on Didier Decoin 's novel Est-ce ainsi que les femmes meurent ? . It premiered on 30 January 2012 , at the International Film Festival Rotterdam . The film was nominated for seven Magritte Awards , winning Best Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf84c1afeadcc0f66478c48da7acfc51", "text": "On Directing Film On Directing Film is a non-fiction book by American playwright and filmmaker David Mamet ( ISBN 0-670-83033-X ) published in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4389b02cdbcb2df2d990a318243983c8", "text": "Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay The Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay is one of the annual awards given by the Chicago Film Critics Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac15bbc56715bc55dcc6de3bda402349", "text": "César Award for Best Original Screenplay The César Award for Best Original Screenplay ( César du meilleur scénario original ) is an award presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma . It was initially awarded from 1983 to 1985 , and then awarded again in 2006 , when the original category ( César Award for Best Writing ) was split into two awards , the other being César Award for Best Adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144aea44126a922b7b8f955798510c3f", "text": "58 Minutes 58 Minutes is a thriller novel by American novelist Walter Wager . The novel was the basis for the 1990 film Die Hard 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a303098e12fa11929f356b68b75b992", "text": "Philip Eisner Philip Eisner is an American screenwriter best known for writing the screenplay for the 1997 science fiction/horror film Event Horizon , which was produced by Paramount and helmed by director Paul W.S. Anderson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f39a64bfcecd0176004877f4ac2b096", "text": "Dead Poets Society Dead Poets Society is a 1989 American drama film directed by Peter Weir , written by Tom Schulman , and starring Robin Williams . Set in 1959 at the fictional elite conservative Vermont boarding school Welton Academy , it tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry . The film received critical acclaim and was a box office success . It won the BAFTA Award for Best Film , and César Award and David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Film . Schulman received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for his work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9b0ea69d537ab8b524f02d9881645ec", "text": "Time's List of the 100 Best Novels Time 's List of the 100 Best Novels '' ' is an unranked list of the 100 best novels -- and ten best graphic novels -- published in the English language between 1923 and 2005 . The list was compiled by Time Magazine critics Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo . The list only includes works between 1923 ( when Time was first published ) and 2005 ( when the list was compiled ) . As a result , notable books such as Ulysses by James Joyce -- published before 1923 -- were ineligible for inclusion.Watchmen '' ( 1986 ) by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons appears on both the 100 Best Novels and 10 Best Graphic Novels lists , giving the combined lists 109 entries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb686d8df7e411a2ae3827a20748b39", "text": "Saw V Saw is a 2008 Canadian-American horror film directed by David Hackl and written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan and stars Tobin Bell , Costas Mandylor , Scott Patterson , Betsy Russell , Mark Rolston , Julie Benz , Carlo Rota , and Meagan Good . It is the fifth installment of the Saw franchise , and was released on October 23 , 2008 in Australia and October 24 , 2008 in North America . David Hackl , who served as the production designer of Saw , Saw , and Saw IV , and second-unit director for Saw and Saw IV made his directorial debut with Saw . Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan , the writers of the previous film , returned to write the film . Charlie Clouser , who provided the score for all previous Saw films , also returned to compose the score for the film . Saw creators James Wan and Leigh Whannell served as executive producers . The film focuses primarily on the events that led up to Detective Mark Hoffman becoming an apprentice of the Jigsaw Killer , as well as his efforts to prevent anyone else from learning his secret .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d225a5c7c47d00e3647177af76ba0e1", "text": "The Woodsman (2016 film) The Woodsman is a 2016 suspense film directed and written by Paul Leach as his directorial debut , based on Little Red Riding Hood by Charles Perrault . The movie stars Christopher Wolfe as a police detective Alex Whiting who must save Millie Gilson played by Sonya Krueger from a mysterious cult order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02a52edff938128b03017a2206948eca", "text": "Matt Lynn Matt Lynn ( born 1962 ) is a British thriller writer and a financial journalist . As Matt Lynn , he is the author of the ` Death Force ' series of novels . The series started with Death Force in 2009 , and continues with Fire Force published in 2010 and also includes Shadow Force , Ice Force and Lethal Force . As Matthew Lynn he is the author of Insecurity , published in 1997 , and The Watchmen , published in 1998 . As James Harland , he published The Month of the Leopard in 2001 , dedicated to Isabella . Before that , as Matthew Lynn , he wrote two business books , The Billion-Dollar Battle : Merck v. Glaxo and Birds of Prey : Boeing v.Airbus . He is also the author of Bust : Greece , the Euro and the Sovereign Debt Crisis , published in late 2010 , and more recently , The Long Depression : The Slump of 2008 to 2031 ( Endeavour Press ) . As Matthew Lynn , the writer was also a columnist for Bloomberg News , and a regular contributor to The Spectator . For most of the 1990s , he worked for The Sunday Times , for the last three years as a profile columnist . His `` London Eye '' column began appearing weekly in MarketWatch in June , 2011 . In a 2007 Bloomberg article , Matt Lynn predicted that Apple Inc. '' ... will sell a few to its fans , but the iPhone wo n't make a long-term mark on the industry . '' , . In 2012 , Lynn was also chief executive of Strategy Economics , a London-based consultancy . He has three children , Isabella , Leonora , and Claudia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76309863bc0c89e4547c4aaabf3d3422", "text": "Lakeboat Lakeboat is a semi-autobiographical play by David Mamet , written in 1970 and first produced in 1980 ( revised version ) . As he would later do with Glengarry Glen Ross , Mamet drew upon experiences from a past vocation to create high drama . In this case , he turned to his days as a cook aboard a cargo ship to frame this tale of Dale Katzman , a college student from an Ivy League school `` near Boston '' who takes a summer job as a cook in the galley of the T. Harrison , a lake freighter for a Chicago-based steel concern . Dale 's predecessor , Guigliani , endured a particularly violent end while on terra firma , the cause and nature of which is speculated by the other crew members . Dale , and the audience , gets to know each of them , including : Fireman , who reads voraciously when not `` watching the gauges '' ; Fred , who imparts his unique , politically incorrect philosophy regarding women on the young man ; and , especially , Joe Litko , a 23-year veteran of the seas , who sees much of himself in Dale . The dialogue is Mametspeak at its most raw , as secrets are shared , picayune matters are debated , and fantasies are laid out , vividly . The play 's world premiere was staged by the Milwaukee Repertory Theater on April 24 , 1980 ; subsequent major productions were mounted by the Long Wharf Theatre and the Goodman Theatre in 1982 . In 2000 , Mamet penned the screenplay for a film adaptation , which featured his half-brother Tony Mamet in the lead role of Dale . The ensemble cast also included Robert Forster as Joe Litko , Denis Leary as Fireman , and Jack Wallace , a veteran of Mamet productions , as Fred . Joe Mantegna , well-versed in the world of Mamet , made his directorial debut with the feature . The British Premiere of Lakeboat was at the Lyric Theatre , London in 1998 , and was directed by Aaron Mullen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b77f67bf7a106543c5e1fa362bee3bc", "text": "The Sea (2013 film) The Sea is a 2013 British-Irish drama film directed by Stephen Brown . It is based on the novel of the same name by John Banville , who also wrote the screenplay for the film . The film premiered in competition at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 23 June 2013 . The film had its North American premiere at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2d0f868c4845f1e367ae9eda930fb7", "text": "Screen Novelties Screen Novelties is a collective of film directors , specializing in stop motion animation . It was formed in 2003 by Mark Caballero , Seamus Walsh , and Chris Finnegan . Their work fuses classic cartoon sensibilities with mixed-media elements such as puppetry and miniature model photography . They were among the first stop motion artists to adopt an entirely digital capture system and workflow , beginning in 1999 with the pilot films that would eventually become Robot Chicken . Screen Novelties was integral in the launch of both Robot Chicken and Moral Orel for Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim programming block . Notable past work includes : Creating a stop motion animation version of the Flintstones for a dream sequence in The Flintstones : On the Rocks . Working with Ray Harryhausen , helping him complete his film The Tortoise & the Hare . Contributing whimsical puppet and special effects sequences for Cartoon Network shows Chowder and The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack . Performing the restoration of the original Rudolph & Santa Puppets from the 1964 classic Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Their offbeat short films enjoy a small cult following , especially `` Mysterious Mose '' which was made in their garage in 1997-98 , using a hand-wound bolex camera and an old 78rpm record as the soundtrack . The film mixes rod puppetry , stop motion animation , and silhouette animation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "073b0232d9651420827788f7357fa720", "text": "The Homesman The Homesman is a 2014 French-American historical period drama set in the 1850s Midwest , directed and co-produced by Tommy Lee Jones and co-written with Kieran Fitzgerald and Wesley Oliver , based on the 1988 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout . The film stars Jones and Hilary Swank and also features Meryl Streep , Hailee Steinfeld , John Lithgow , and James Spader . The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and received a North American limited release on November 14 , 2014 by Roadside Attractions . The Homesman has received mostly positive reviews from critics . Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating average of 7.1 / 10 . The title refers to the task of taking immigrants back home , which was typically a man 's job to carry out .", "title": "" } ]	fever
52180e8810518f2cfe38e2a8ccacb095	Rock music originated as rock and roll in the early 50's.	[ { "docid": "1ecfd8056a8c06ad08827490a2ffe87d", "text": "Rock music Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as `` rock and roll '' in the United States in the early 1950s , and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later , particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States . It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll , a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues , and from country music . Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk , and incorporated influences from jazz , classical and other musical styles . Musically , rock has centered on the electric guitar , usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers . Typically , rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form , but the genre has become extremely diverse . Like pop music , lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political . By the late 1960s `` classic rock '' period , a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged , including hybrids like blues rock , folk rock , country rock , raga rock , and jazz-rock , many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock , which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene . New genres that emerged included progressive rock , which extended the artistic elements ; glam rock , which highlighted showmanship and visual style ; and the diverse and enduring subgenre of heavy metal , which emphasized volume , power , and speed . In the second half of the 1970s , punk rock reacted by producing stripped-down , energetic social and political critiques . Punk was an influence in the 1980s on new wave , post-punk and eventually alternative rock . From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break into the mainstream in the form of grunge , Britpop , and indie rock . Further fusion subgenres have since emerged , including pop punk , rap rock , and rap metal , as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock 's history , including the garage rock/post-punk and synth-pop revivals at the beginning of the 2000s ( decade ) . Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements , leading to major subcultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s . Similarly , 1970s punk culture spawned the goth and emo subcultures . Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song , rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race , sex and drug use , and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bc0b57512da34508f0827b5779eb62c9", "text": "Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012 . Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year . Featuring nothing that was n't heard , seen or read at the time , other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine , the series does not feature any explanations , reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips . Instead , the series ' website provided a list and description of the audio items , which was also supplied in real time by the show 's Twitter feed . It is described as an ` audio journey through five decades of triumph , tragedy and trivia . ' The first part of the series was first broadcast at 10pm on Thursday 7 April . Focussing upon 1951 , it featured the real King 's Speech ( as he opens the Festival of Britain ) , a General Election victory for the Conservatives and their Liberal allies , the first hit single with multi-tracking ( Les Paul 's `` How High The Moon '' ) , the first rock 'n' roll record ( Jackie Brentson 's `` Rocket 88 '' ) , screen heroes from Marlon Brando to The Lone Ranger . The series was produced by Trevor Dann 's Company , and there is a series blog available at sottc.wordpress.com . The critical reception was generally positive . Comparing the show to BBC One 's The Rock 'n' Roll Years , The Independents Chris Maume asked if `` commissioning Sounds of the 20th Century -LSB- was -RSB- the first thing the 6 Music/Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan has got right in his short but deeply unsatisfactory tenure ? '' . More critically , The Guardians Elisabeth Mahoney identified parallels between the archive clips and the contemporary world , but was frustrated at the lack of a narrative , arguing that `` the jaunty mix is frustratingly hard-going . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c514014bd4da9b37a0ee56382c1311", "text": "Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s . Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records . In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman . In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr . In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013c1bd5f11aa53dce7d934e80ecb5bc", "text": "2007 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , and Wii versions through the consoles ' respective online services . Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis , with many of the tracks also offered as part of a `` song pack '' or complete album at a discounted rate . These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3 . Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode , including the Band World Tour career mode . All downloadable songs released before October 26 , 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band , Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 , while those after only work with Rock Band 3 . Certain songs deemed `` suitable for all ages '' by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band . The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content , but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do , with DLC first made available in January 2009 . Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song . Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible ( with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles : Rock Band ) within the same system family at no additional cost . 32 downloadable Rock Band songs were released in 2007 , 15 of which appeared alongside the launch of Rock Band on November 20 , including song packs for Queens of the Stone Age , Metallica , and The Police .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5294233095c3f71e95a3f7227c42eca", "text": "British rock and roll British rock and roll , or sometimes British rock 'n' roll , is a style of popular music based on American rock and roll , which emerged in the late 1950s and was popular until the arrival of beat music in 1962 . It has generally been considered inferior to the American version of the genre , and made little international or lasting impact . However , it was important in establishing British youth and popular music culture and was a key factor in subsequent developments that led to the British Invasion of the mid-1960s . Since the 1960s , some stars of the genre , most notably Cliff Richard , have managed to sustain successful careers and there have been periodic revivals of this form of music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54c8a76880e814fd6940eb79cde55bfe", "text": "1950s in jazz By the end of the 1940s , the nervous energy and tension of bebop was replaced with a tendency towards calm and smoothness , with the sounds of cool jazz , which favoured long , linear melodic lines . It emerged in New York City , as a result of the mixture of the styles of predominantly white swing jazz musicians and predominantly black bebop musicians , and it dominated jazz in the first half of the 1950s . The starting point were a series of singles on Capitol Records in 1949 and 1950 of a nonet led by trumpeter Miles Davis , collected and released first on a ten-inch and later a twelve-inch as the Birth of the Cool . Cool jazz recordings by Chet Baker , Dave Brubeck , Bill Evans , Gil Evans , Stan Getz and the Modern Jazz Quartet usually have a `` lighter '' sound which avoided the aggressive tempos and harmonic abstraction of bebop . Cool jazz later became strongly identified with the West Coast jazz scene , but also had a particular resonance in Europe , especially Scandinavia , with emergence of such major figures as baritone saxophonist Lars Gullin and pianist Bengt Hallberg . The theoretical underpinnings of cool jazz were set out by the blind Chicago pianist Lennie Tristano , and its influence stretches into such later developments as Bossa nova , modal jazz , and even free jazz . See also the list of cool jazz and West Coast musicians for further detail . Hard bop , an extension of bebop ( or `` bop '' ) music that incorporates influences from rhythm and blues , gospel music , and blues , especially in the saxophone and piano playing , developed in the mid-1950s , partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s . The hard bop style coalesced in 1953 and 1954 , paralleling the rise of rhythm and blues . Miles Davis ' performance of `` Walkin ' '' the title track of his album of the same year , at the very first Newport Jazz Festival in 1954 , announced the style to the jazz world . The quintet Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers , fronted by Blakey and featuring pianist Horace Silver and trumpeter Clifford Brown , were leaders in the hard bop movement along with Davis . ( See also List of Hard bop musicians ) Modal jazz recordings , such as Miles Davis 's Kind of Blue , became popular in the late 1950s . Popular modal standards include Davis 's `` All Blues '' and `` So What '' ( both 1959 ) , John Coltrane 's `` Impressions '' ( 1963 ) and Herbie Hancock 's `` Maiden Voyage '' ( 1965 ) . Later , Davis 's `` second great quintet '' , which included saxophonist Wayne Shorter and pianist Herbie Hancock , recorded a series of highly acclaimed albums in the mid-to-late 1960s . Standards from these sessions include Shorter 's `` Footprints '' ( 1966 ) and Eddie Harris 's `` Freedom Jazz Dance '' ( 1966 ) . In Brazil , a new style of music called bossa nova evolved in the late 1950s . The free jazz movement , coming to prominence in the late 1950s , spawned very few standards . Free jazz 's unorthodox structures and performance techniques are not as amenable to transcription as other jazz styles . However , `` Lonely Woman '' ( 1959 ) a blues by saxophonist Ornette Coleman , is perhaps the closest thing to a standard in free jazz , having been recorded by dozens of notable performers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d274ce0861ebf8bce32fcb86260e0d37", "text": "Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act . With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born . By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5769efafdfdc996ffa93fcfeb059cdff", "text": "Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music . In its earliest and narrowest sense , the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s . The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds , who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation . The term `` folk rock '' was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds ' music in June 1965 , the month in which the band 's debut album was issued . The release of the Byrds ' 1965 cover version of Dylan 's `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and its subsequent commercial success , along with Dylan 's own recordings with rock instrumentation -- on the albums Bringing It All Back Home ( 1965 ) , Highway 61 Revisited ( 1965 ) , and Blonde on Blonde ( 1966 ) -- initiated an explosion of folk rock groups the mid-1960s . Dylan 's appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965 , with an electric band backing him , was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre . A distinct , eclectic style of electric folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle , Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell . Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock , Pentangle , Fairport , and other related bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire . Fairport bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span with traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate overt rock elements into their music , and this led to other variants , including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band ( also featuring Hutchings ) and the more prolific current of Celtic rock . In a broader sense , folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf3767c42fefd9f1d1e0553648f525ca", "text": "Americana Americana are artifacts , or a collection of artifacts , related to the history , geography , folklore and cultural heritage of the United States . Many kinds of material fall within the definition of Americana : paintings , prints and drawings ; license plates or entire vehicles , household objects , tools and weapons ; flags , plaques and statues , and so on . Patriotism and nostalgia play defining roles in the subject . The things involved need not be old , but need to have the appropriate associations . The Atlantic described the term as `` slang for the comforting , middle-class ephemera at your average antique store -- things like needle-pointed pillows , Civil War daguerreotypes , and engraved silverware sets . '' The term may be used to describe the theme of a museum or collection , or of goods for sale . The term can also be used to describe studies of American culture , especially studies based in other countries . Americana music is contemporary music that incorporates elements of various American roots music styles , including country , roots-rock , folk , bluegrass and blues , resulting in a distinctive roots-oriented sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "579f63a07bdfa1f180fc8cfec75ad601", "text": "American popular music American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world . The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture , including ragtime , blues , jazz , swing , rock , bluegrass , country , R&B , doo wop , gospel , soul , funk , heavy metal , punk , disco , house , techno , salsa , grunge and hip hop . In addition , the American music industry is quite diverse , supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco , klezmer and slack-key . Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century , and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music , using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music . These popular styles included country , R&B , jazz and rock . The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of important changes in American popular music , including the development of a number of new styles , such as heavy metal , punk , soul , and hip hop . Though these styles were not in the sense of mainstream , they were commercially recorded and are thus examples of popular music as opposed to folk or classical music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0560c9f4a72200237cdb2549d36aad2a", "text": "The London Rock and Roll Show The London Rock and Roll Show was a concert held at Wembley Stadium in Wembley Park , London , England , on 5 August 1972 . It is often said to have been the first ever concert held at the stadium , but in fact the band Yes had performed in the Stadium on 13 July 1969 . From the late 1960s to the early 1970s , many rock and roll performers from the 1950s experienced major career revivals due to a temporary upswing of interest in their form of music . The Revival was marked by a series of major concerts in the United States , and also spread to Europe where events such as the Wembley concert attracted thousands of fans who came out to see the performers behind the music . The concert included performances by major stars including Bo Diddley , Jerry Lee Lewis , Little Richard , and Bill Haley and His Comets . The concert ended with an extended performance by Chuck Berry , who at the time was enjoying major chart success in Britain and the US with his `` My Ding-a-Ling '' . Originally billed rock and roll era acts The Platters , The Drifters and The Coasters were unable to perform due to work permit issues . The show was opened instead with sets from British rock and rollers The Houseshakers , Joe Brown , Emile Ford & the Checkmates , Screaming Lord Sutch , Heinz ( with Wilko Johnson on guitar ) and Billy Fury ; as well as songs from Jerry Lee Lewis 's sister Linda Gail Lewis . Roy Wood 's new band Wizzard , only formed a few weeks previously , also made their live debut at the show . Garage rockers MC5 were not over-popular with the crowd . Little Richard also got booed when he stopped singing rock and roll and jumped on top of his piano . As did a very new Gary Glitter , with The Glitter Band . Mick Jagger attended the concert , but did not perform . Future Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren can be seen selling T-shirts from a stall in the film . The concert was filmed and released in 1973 as The London Rock and Roll Show , directed by Peter Clifton . Although no soundtrack release occurred at the time the film was made , one was finally issued in the early 2000s ( decade ) , followed by several different releases with different combinations of performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09cf64e91eb7718d47584a6ac3b46ddd", "text": "Blues & Soul Blues & Soul is a British music magazine covering black music . Genres covered include soul , R&B , jazz , hip hop , reggae and world music . Under its initial title , Home of the Blues , it was launched in May 1966 and is known for first using the term `` Northern soul '' . The music journalism archive Rock 's Backpages describes Blues & Soul as `` a pioneering British music magazine '' and `` the longest running publication devoted to black music in the world '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4ba42437e7c70dbbd094bd95b98dc32", "text": "Rock en español Rock en español ( Spanish-language rock ) is a term used widely in the English-speaking world to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals . Unlike English-speaking bands , very few acts reached worldwide success and often not even between different Spanish-speaking countries due to a lack of promotion . Despite rock en español 's origins in the late 1950s , many rock acts achieved at best nationwide fame until the Internet consolidated the listeners . However , some rock en español artists did become internationally popular with the help of a promotional campaign from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s called `` Rock en tu idioma '' ( Rock in your language ) . Some specific rock-based styles influenced by folkloric rhythms have also developed in these regions . Some of the more prominent styles are Latin rock , a fusion of rock music with Latin American and Caribbean folkloric sounds developed in Latino communities ; Latin alternative , an alternative rock scene which blended a Latin sound with other genres like Caribbean ska , reggae , and soca ; or Andalusian rock , a flamenco-influenced style that emerged in Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8811514992361fc78b7747276a7a916", "text": "Rockin' All Over the World (album) Rockin ' All Over the World is the tenth studio album by the British band Status Quo , released 1977 . It is the first of their records to be produced by Pip Williams , and the first to feature Andy Bown as a regular contributor to the band ; he would later join the band officially in 1982 . It was released in November 1977 , and reached # 5 . The title track , written and originally recorded by John Fogerty , was released by Quo as a single in September 1977 , reaching a peak position of # 3 . Its b-side was `` Ring of a Change '' , from their previous studio album . No other singles were issued from the album , although `` Ca n't Give You More '' was re-recorded by the band in 1991 for their album `` Rock 'Til You Drop '' and issued as a single , reaching # 37 . The album was reissued by Mercury in 2005 with a bonus track -- a cover of the Beatles ' `` Getting Better '' , which they had initially recorded in 1976 for the soundtrack of the film All This and World War II -LSB- Catalog # 982 596-9 -RSB- . This track was not included on the deluxe edition released in late 2015 , however for this reissue the entire album was remixed and re-ordered by original engineer John Eden and added alongside the new remaster . Several of the new mixes feature longer play-outs and the overall sound was stripped back to the core of two guitars , bass and drums , with occasional keyboard parts left in . As a further bonus , four demos were included .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18c8ed311b4e08c1dbde784be615dbee", "text": "Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness . In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained : `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' . When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers . There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere . Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues . What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . '' Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad . The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana . The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance . The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76c540d81a7f85f080dde15c77857a5e", "text": "Traditional heavy metal Traditional heavy metal , also known as classic metal , or traditional metal , is the seminal genre of heavy metal music before the genre `` evolved and splintered into many different styles and subgenres . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e82ff384d63ad18424b75932c4d87911", "text": "Dub music Dub is a genre of music that grew out of reggae in the 1960s , and is commonly considered a subgenre , though it has developed to extend beyond the scope of reggae . Music in this genre consists predominantly of instrumental remixes of existing recordings and is achieved by significantly manipulating and reshaping the recordings , usually by removing the vocals from an existing music piece , and emphasizing the drum and bass parts ( this stripped-down track is sometimes referred to as a riddim ) . Other techniques include dynamically adding extensive echo , reverb , panoramic delay , and occasional dubbing of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works . It was an early form of popular electronic music . Dub was pioneered by Osbourne `` King Tubby '' Ruddock , Lee `` Scratch '' Perry , Errol Thompson and others in the late 1960s . Augustus Pablo is credited with bringing the melodica to dub , and is also among the pioneers and creators of the genre . Similar experiments with recordings at the mixing desk outside of the dancehall environment were also done by producers Clive Chin and Herman Chin Loy . These producers , especially Ruddock and Perry , looked upon the mixing console as an instrument , manipulating tracks to come up with something new and different . Dub has influenced many genres of music , including rock ( most significantly the subgenre of post-punk and other kinds of punk ) , pop , hip hop , disco , and later house , techno , ambient , electronic dance music , and trip hop . Dub has become a basis for the genres of jungle and drum and bass Traditional dub has survived , and some of the originators , such as Lee `` Scratch '' Perry and Mad Professor , continue to produce new material .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5a5825d9206056de24eddb34108278a7	Poppy was raised in Nashville, Tennessee.	[ { "docid": "02a4b3aa7683ea7d084526a2e9caa22d", "text": "Poppy (singer) Poppy , also known as That Poppy , is an American singer , songwriter , and YouTube personality . Raised in Nashville , Tennessee , she moved to Los Angeles in 2014 to pursue a musical career , where she signed with Island Records and released her debut EP , Bubblebath ( 2016 ) . In late 2016 , she became the face of Sanrio 's `` Hello Sanrio '' collection .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d82537a98622d28f0b418568ea9f19ab", "text": "On the Streets On the Streets is a music television series featuring different personalities in the world of popular music including Dolly Parton and Suzanne Alexander . The series is filmed in Nashville , Tennessee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "581c7692c91eb53cb37905c6dee94ea5", "text": "Word Records Word Records is a Christian faith-based entertainment company based in Nashville , Tennessee . It is owned by Curb Records and is a part of Word Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fb292e39a04c9ded42a391bd5cef8c9", "text": "California Poppy (album) California Poppy is the third/junior album by California band OPM , released on July 18 , 2006 . It spawned two music videos : `` For Tonight '' and `` Rock Me Slow '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95aaa148fb2d26278f6c3a85a92ad445", "text": "Poppy Montgomery Poppy Montgomery ( born Poppy Petal Emma Elizabeth Deveraux Donaghue ; 19 June 1972 ) is an Australian-American actress . She played FBI agent Samantha Spade on the CBS mystery drama Without a Trace from 2002 to 2009 , and played Detective Carrie Wells on the CBS/A & E police drama Unforgettable from 2011 to 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91f5b077aa478fbcddac7804314c9daa", "text": "Tennessee Shines Tennessee Shines is a radio show presented by the Knoxville Americana Music Foundation and brings together qualities of Knoxville and East Tennessee 's musical scene by combining the atmosphere of Bijou Theatre , local radio station WDVX and its successful Blue Plate Special , and the reputation of concert promoter AC Entertainment , managing agency of the Bijou and producer of the Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival . The two-hour , multi-artist show is broadcast live on WDVX and WDVX.com from the Bijou Theatre on the last Wednesday of every month , showcasing predominantly folk music styles popular to the southeastern United States . Grammy-winning singer-songwriter Jim Lauderdale hosts the shows , which also features a house band led by Dave Nichols , a local Knoxville musician . As explained by AC Entertainment President Ashley Capps , `` The concept has always been to celebrate the indigenous culture of this region . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "552dcd84ebe20e05e4503185ed0dbf9c", "text": "Edna Gallmon Cooke Madame Edna Gallmon Cooke ( 1918 - September 4 , 1967 ) was a renowned gospel singer and recording artist from 1949 until her death in 1967 . Personal information about Ms. Cooke is scarce and most of her biographical details have been gleaned from the liner notes of her various albums . Ms. Gallmon Cooke is best known for her recordings of `` Stop Gambler '' and `` Heavy Load '' . Born in Columbia , South Carolina in 1918 , the daughter of a Baptist preacher , Reverend Eddie J. Gallmon also a former pastor at Bethlehem Baptist Church ( College place ) . Edna Gallmon Cooke was more formally educated and musically trained than most of her gospel peers . As a young adult , she lived and studied in Washington D.C. and Philadelphia , attending Temple University and briefly teaching elementary school . She had contemplated a career in semi-classics and show tunes when she underwent a musical conversion of sorts after hearing gospel singer , Willie Mae Ford Smith in the late 1930s . `` I was shocked . The woman sang with such finesse ... I knew I had to be a gospel singer . '' Shortly after , Ms. Gallmon Cooke joined the Holiness Church and became preeminently consecrated -- with the Holiness Church bestowing the honorific ` Madame ' to her name to announce her devotion . During the 1940s , Madame Gallmon Cooke toured the Southeast , billed as the `` Sweetheart of the Potomac '' . She performed hymns and gospel songs in the manner of Willie Mae Ford Smith , but her mezzo-soprano could not duplicate Smith 's contralto blasts . Elaborating on that style , Gallmon Cooke returned to familiar sources , popularizing the sermonettes and spirituals her father Eddie Gallmon had performed in the 1920s . Madame Gallmon Cooke became a `` transcendent moaner and a mistress of what note-bending musicologists call melisma and church folks call curlicues , runs and flowers and frills . '' Ms. Cooke began recording in the late 1940s for the Nashboro Recording Label in Nashville , TN usually accompanied by her father 's choir , The Young People 's Choir of the Springfield Baptist Church of Washington , DC . Her later recordings included male vocal groups . Madame Gallmon Cooke 's commanding switch in styles occurred after her marriage to Barney Parks , Jr. , a former member of The Dixie Hummingbirds and a founder of The Sensational Nightingales . They had met in 1951 when Marie Knight , Rosetta Tharpe 's old partner , organized a tour featuring herself , Cooke , and The Nightingales . Under Park 's management and direction , Madame Edna Gallmon Cooke became a household name in gospel . It is suspected that the name Cooke was from her first marriage which ended because of the death of her husband . The liner notes to `` Mother Smith and Her Children '' describes Madame Cooke as `` an exquisite stylist , with a sensuous appeal akin to Billie Holiday . She is referred to as rap music 's gospel progenitor ; a penchant for rhymed , spoken chants produced her most famous recordings . '' Ms. Cooke died in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania on September 4 , 1967 . She was 49 years old .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48cc0202018b410c2e522d724ca98d51", "text": "Robbie Boyd Robbie Boyd is a singer , songwriter and musician from London , United Kingdom . This British singer/songwriter , has performed live on ITV 's This Morning twice ; written a song with the legendary Ray Davies ; caught the attention of Sir Tim Rice , and been regularly aired on Absolute Radio , Xfm and various BBC radio stations including Graham Norton 's show on BBC Radio 2 . In 2017 Boyd will release his second album Break the Chain . To promote the album he has spent the early part of 2017 on the road . A February tour of several European countries ( Belgium , Netherlands , Germany and Switzerland ) , was followed by an extensive tour of Australia in March and April . Boyd has always enjoyed performing to audiences around the globe . In previous years he has performed in various European countries and also further afield , including Argentina and Japan . He has been invited to Nashville on more than one occasion to record , perform and write with other musicians . Boyd and his band have supported artists such as McFly , The Feeling and The Kooks . They have played at a number of events and festivals in the UK and sold out several headline shows in London including The Borderline , The Barfly and Bush Hall . Boyd was the first Briton to perform on the roof of London 's O2 Arena . Boyd 's songs have captivated a worldwide audience of over 10,000 Facebook fans and more than 500,000 YouTube views . In 2010 , Boyd 's musical talents attracted the attention of Sir Tim Rice who included Boyd 's songs `` Oh Alaska '' and `` New Hampshire '' in his BBC Radio 2 series American Pie . The following year , Robbie and his band won the `` Alternative '' category of Live and Unsigned and were also named London 's `` Busker of the Year '' . In 2013 they reached the top 20 of MTV 's Brand New for 2013 competition . Boyd has released a number of singles and EPs , all of which have received positive reviews . In May 2014 he released his debut Album So Called Man which was equally well received . In 2015 Boyd began writing and performing with several individual female artists including Katey Brooks , Lledra and Persephone . Boyd plays a number of musical instruments , including the Okinawan sanshin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e207e0f6c75e299c69ad4bf99c748865", "text": "Herschel Lynn Greer Herschel Lynn Greer ( 1906 -- March 19 , 1976 ) was a prominent businessman and the first president of Vols , Inc. , an ownership group organized in 1959 for the purpose of keeping the Nashville Vols minor league baseball franchise in Nashville , Tennessee . Greer worked in the financial sector , co-organizing Guaranty Mortgage Company in 1940 . He served as its President and Chairman of the Board until 1969 . In January 1959 , Greer and thirteen other Nashville businessmen , including country music star Eddy Arnold , formed Vols , Inc. . The company sold 4,876 shares of stock at $ 5 each . Vols , Inc. was successful in keeping the Nashville Vols in the city from 1959 to 1961 . The Southern Association , of which the Vols were members , collapsed in 1961 , and as a result the team did not play in 1962 . In 1963 , the Vols played one final season in the South Atlantic League . The team had a debt of $ 22,000 that could not be paid , forcing the ownership group to surrender their franchise to the league . This was the last year that professional baseball was played at Sulphur Dell ballpark , the home of the Vols , before it was demolished in 1969 . Greer died in 1976 . Two years later , in 1978 , Larry Schmittou brought the Nashville Sounds , an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League , to Nashville . The Greer family donated $ 25,000 for construction of the team 's new stadium . The ballpark was named `` Herschel Greer Stadium '' in his honor . Greer Stadium served as the home of the Sounds from 1978 through 2014 , after which they left the stadium for a new ballpark , First Tennessee Park , built on the same site as Sulphur Dell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3b2c7c0af8cda2df6729a6e787f640f", "text": "Paul McDonald (musician) Paul McDonald ( born William Paul McDonald ; August 29 , 1984 ) is an American singer-songwriter from Huntsville , Alabama , who as of 2011 , resides in Nashville , Tennessee . McDonald placed 8th on the tenth season of American Idol and since 2005 , he has been the lead singer of the band Hightide Blues , renamed The Grand Magnolias in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75dcb2daa172a9e096d76c2e76f77b82", "text": "Doctor's Building (Nashville, Tennessee) The Doctor 's Building is a six-story commercial building in Nashville , Tennessee that was constructed in 1916 ( some sources say 1910 ) and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The building site was the former location of the home of railroad magnate Colonel E.W. Cole , with his home being the last 19th-century mansion on Church Street . A new building , known as `` The Doctor 's Building '' was then constructed as a three-story building , with medical offices on the upper floors , and retail shops on the ground floor . A few years later ( in either 1916 or 1921 ) , it had three more stories added , increasing its size to 100000 sqft . The design , by architect Edward E. Dougherty of the architectural firm `` Dougherty and Gardner '' was of the elaborate Beaux-Arts or Renaissance Revival style . The exterior is sheathed with glazed polychrome terra cotta . In the 1940s and 1950s , the building consisted of office space for many of the city 's doctors and dentists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d267549d24418599e93d1b039e3651", "text": "Poppy Rush Poppy Rush ( born 10 October 1991 ) is a British television actress . She is the daughter of actress Debbie Rush and sister of actor William Rush . She has also performed as the vocalist with family band The Sticks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9484e40d91d550426931a2e4cb8a83f", "text": "Play On (Carrie Underwood album) Play On is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood . It was released in the United States on November 3 , 2009 , through Arista Nashville . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 318,000 copies , which was rated as the highest first-week sales for a female artist in 2009 upon release . It is her second album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 , and her third to debut atop the Billboard Top Country Albums chart . As of October 2016 , the album has been certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA , Platinum by the CRIA and Gold by the ARIA . Play On has since sold over three million copies worldwide . The album spawned three consecutive Billboard Hot Country Songs number one singles -- `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' and `` Undo It '' , all of which certified Multi-Platinum or Platinum by the RIAA . The fourth single , `` Mama 's Song '' , reached number two on the chart and received a Gold certification from the RIAA . `` Cowboy Casanova '' achieved one of the biggest single-week upwards on the Billboard Hot 100 of all time , when it climbed 96-11 in its second week . `` Temporary Home '' and `` Mama 's Song '' were both nominated for Grammy Awards , while Play On was nominated for Album of the Year at both the 2010 Academy of Country Music Awards and Country Music Association Awards , and won Favorite Country Album at the 2010 American Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "518fa005a926db6329451c57426bc800", "text": "The Music of Nashville: Season 3, Volume 2 The Music of Nashville : Season 3 , Volume 2 is the sixth soundtrack album for the American musical drama television series Nashville , created by Academy Award winner Callie Khouri and starring Connie Britton as country music superstar Rayna Jaymes and Hayden Panettiere as new star Juliette Barnes . The album was released digitally and ( exclusive to Target stores in North America ) physically on May 12 , 2015 through Big Machine Records . Although guest star Christina Aguilera 's songs `` The Real Thing '' and `` Shotgun '' were released as digital singles , neither track appears on the album due to label rights ( Aguilera is an RCA artist ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91c834627ad092d951bc9f4f38e110cc", "text": "Nashville Scene Nashville Scene is an alternative newsweekly in Nashville , Tennessee . It was founded in 1989 , became a part of Village Voice Media in 1999 , and later joined the ranks of sixteen other publications after a merger of Village Voice Media with New Times Media early in 2006 . In 2009 , the paper was acquired by SouthComm Communications . The publication mainly reports and opines on music , arts , entertainment , and local and state politics in Nashville .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e349c0e19ef566b1ac5b93c85ce5be3b", "text": "Bleach (American band) Bleach is an American Christian rock band based in Nashville , Tennessee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a264c203ef133a7dd672c82da6b634b4", "text": "Stratford High School (Tennessee) Stratford STEM Magnet High School ( formerly Stratford Comprehensive High School ) is a public school in Nashville , Tennessee , operated by Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools . It serves approximately 800 students . In March 2012 , the Metro Board of Education dropped the `` Comprehensive '' title from all its zoned schools to reflect the district 's new emphases on smaller learning communities and thematic career academies . The school is noteworthy as MNPS 's only STEM high school .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8178ece13b25bf0e88dc03370f2eab9", "text": "Jack Tempchin Jack Tempchin is an American musician and singer-songwriter , best known for writing the Eagles classic `` Peaceful Easy Feeling '' and co-writing `` Already Gone '' , `` The Girl From Yesterday '' , `` Somebody '' , and `` It 's Your World Now '' . During the Eagles ' breakup period ( 1980 -- 1994 ) he co-wrote with Glenn Frey producing `` You Belong to the City '' , `` Smuggler 's Blues '' , `` The One You Love '' , `` I Found Somebody '' and `` True Love '' . Among numerous other songs , Tempchin wrote `` Swayin ' to the Music ( Slow Dancing ) '' . The song was first recorded by the short-lived group The Funky Kings , of which Tempchin was a member at the time . In 1977 , the song became a top-10 pop hit for Johnny Rivers , and in 1979 it was a top-10 country hit for Johnny Duncan . Other compositions include : `` Someone That You Used To Know '' ( George Jones ) `` White Shoes '' ( Emmylou Harris , Randy Meisner ) `` Rollin ' '' ( Glen Campbell ) `` To Feel That Way At All '' ( Patty Loveless ) `` Somebody Trying To Tell You Something '' ( Tanya Tucker ) `` You Can Go Home '' ( with Chris Hillman , recorded by The Desert Rose Band in 1991 ) `` Your Tattoo '' ( Sammy Kershaw ) `` East Of Eden '' ( Tom Rush ) `` 15 Days Under The Hood '' ( The Paladins , New Riders of the Purple Sage ) `` Who 's Been Sleeping In My Bed '' ( Phantom Blues Band , Candye Kane ) `` Swayin To The Music ( Slow Dancin ) '' ( Johnny Rivers , Funky Kings , Olivia Newton John , Ian Gomm and Johnny Duncan ) Tempchin has also toured extensively as a solo artist over the years , opening for artists such as Ringo Starr , Jackson Browne , Dave Mason , Poco , Dolly Parton , Karla Bonoff , Chicago , Christopher Cross , Kenny Loggins , Timothy B. Schmit , Barry McGuire , Tom Rush , Al Kooper and Emmylou Harris . His current band is called Rocket Science , which plays at venues throughout Southern California and beyond . He is from Encinitas , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1acb055ce28a576e49ba7d95665661ce", "text": "Lisa Daggs Lisa Daggs ( born February 28 , 1965 ) is an American multi-award-winning Christian music singer/songwriter based in Los Angeles , California . In some instances she also goes by the name of Lisa Daggs-Charette . She was born in Los Angeles , California , and was raised in Sacramento by her mother after her parents were divorced when she was ten . Trying to deal with the pressures of her teenage years and her parents ' divorce , she eventually tried to ease her pain by medicating herself with drugs and alcohol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78d839de029f4f8e6ccfea7cca6929", "text": "The Pussycat Dolls discography The discography of American girl group The Pussycat Dolls consists of two studio albums , one extended play , two live albums , 14 singles , two promotional singles and 13 music videos . To date , the group has sold 15 million albums and 40 million singles worldwide . In 2003 , Robin Antin struck a joint venture with Interscope Records to develop the Pussycat Dolls into a recording group . In 2004 , the group made their musical debut by releasing a cover of `` Sway '' , for the soundtrack to the film , Shall We Dance ? . Their self-titled debut album was released in September 2005 and it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 . It earned double platinum certification in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and 3 × platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and 4 × platinum the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The album 's lead single , `` Do n't Cha '' , peaked atop the charts in 15 countries and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Its follow-up singles , `` Stickwitu '' and `` Buttons '' were also a commercial success peaking in the top five on charts worldwide . After the success of their debut album , The Pussycat Dolls released their first video album , Pussycat Dolls : Live from London in 2006 to coincide with the group 's headlining world tour . As of 2008 , PCD has sold 3 million copies in the United States . After a three-year hiatus in hopes to further Scherzinger 's own solo career , the group reunited to record their second and final studio album , Doll Domination in September 2008 . Scherzinger began to receive a larger input in the recording process as co-writer and co-producer of the album . Doll Domination garnered a higher peak position than PCD of number four on Billboard 200 , but failed to match its predecessor 's commercial success . Its lead single `` When I Grow Up '' became another top ten single for the group . `` I Hate This Part '' was released as the second single and managed to attain similar success . In early 2009 , Doll Domination was re-released as two compilation albums . The lead single from Doll Domination 2.0 was `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' which reached number one in 17 countries and follow-up single `` Hush Hush ; Hush Hush '' reached the top 20 worldwide . In 2010 , the original recording group line-up disbanded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed2dc2448406e840926d8e7a6ab89cbb", "text": "Delta Goodrem discography Australian singer-songwriter Delta Goodrem has released five studio albums , one extended play ( EP ) , three video albums and thirty two singles . Goodrem signed a record deal with Sony Music Entertainment in 1999 and , since then , has achieved four number one albums and nine number one songs in Australia . Goodrem debuted in 2001 with a teen pop single titled `` I Do n't Care '' that was not commercially successful . Her 2003 debut album Innocent Eyes revamped her musical style as piano-based ballad pop , and was a multi-platinum seller in Australia , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . Her successful singles were `` Born to Try '' , `` Lost Without You '' , `` Innocent Eyes '' , `` Not Me , Not I '' and `` Predictable '' . The album sold 1.2 million copies in Australia , and over 4 million worldwide . Its successor , Mistaken Identity , was created during Goodrem 's battle with Hodgkin 's lymphoma , a form of cancer . While the album was unable to parallel the commercial success of Innocent Eyes , it did enter the ARIA charts at number one , and gained multi-platinum status . It featured successful top ten singles , `` Mistaken Identity '' , `` Out of the Blue '' and `` A Little Too Late '' . Goodrem 's third album Delta , was released in October 2007 . The album debuted at number one in Australia , making it her third consecutive chart-topping album there . It also achieved multi-platinum status in Australia . Had successful singles , `` You Will Only Break My Heart '' , `` I Ca n't Break It to My Heart '' and `` Together We Are One '' . Her fourth album Child of the Universe came out in 2012 with two hit singles `` Wish You Were Here '' and `` Sitting on Top of the World '' , which were both certified platinum in Australia . `` Heart Hypnotic '' and `` Dear Life '' went Gold and `` Wings '' also went platinum . With the release of her fifth studio album , Wings of the Wild , Goodrem earned her fourth number-one album . Goodrem 's career global album sales exceed eight million . She has sold approximately 2 million singles , with 1,238,919 copies sold in Australia .", "title": "" } ]	fever
301de6e0f528085ec9bb1c4cf129ec11	There are bodies of water in Ontario.	[ { "docid": "6fc4348de13d58b9b90e108641eac4fc", "text": "Ontario Ontario ( -LSB- ɒnˈtɛərioʊ -RSB- -LSB- ɔ̃taʁjo -RSB- ) , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2700 km border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the west at Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These are the Rainy River , the Pigeon River , Lake Superior , the St. Marys River , Lake Huron , the St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , the Detroit River , Lake Erie , the Niagara River , Lake Ontario and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km of land border made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is located in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6eca10030196fcc70d6dbad05d387051", "text": "Conestogo Lake Conestogo Lake is a lake on Conestogo River in Waterloo Region and Wellington County in Southwestern Ontario , Canada . It is a reservoir with a flood control dam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5ff4fa8c2a2c2056664641a0ecadfff", "text": "Holland Marsh The Holland Marsh is a wetland and agricultural area in Ontario , Canada , about 50 km north of Toronto . It lies entirely within the valley of the Holland River , stretching from the northern edge of the Oak Ridges Moraine near Schomberg to the river mouth at Cook 's Bay , Lake Simcoe . In its entirety it comprises about 21,000 acres ( 8,500 hectares ) , with two distinct divisions . Historically it has simply been referred to as `` the marsh '' . The first area to be drained and reclaimed for farming is a 7,200-acre ( 2,915-hectare ) municipally drained polder south-west of the town of Bradford proper , of which 40 % lies in King Township ( York Region ) and 60 % in the town of Bradford West Gwillimbury ( Simcoe County ) . The other 13,800 acres ( 5,585 hectares ) lie north and east of Bradford , fringing Cook 's Bay in the townships of Innisfil and East Gwillimbury . Portions of this area have been privately reclaimed for farming , such as the Ravenshoe Road and Bradford Marsh areas , and portions are recreational or undisturbed wetland . In some cases , recreational boating , wetland and agricultural areas intersect .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ee8a2815bc7ef289a39d78ce1c57858", "text": "Rainy River (Minnesota–Ontario) The Rainy River ( French : Rivière à la Pluie ; Ojibwe : Gojiji-ziibi ) is a river , approximately 137 km long , which forms part of the Canada -- United States border separating northern Minnesota and Northwestern Ontario . The river issues from the west side of Rainy Lake ( French : lac à la Pluie ; Ojibwe : Gojiji-zaaga ` igan ) and flows generally west-northwest , between International Falls , Minnesota , and Fort Frances , Ontario , and between Baudette , Minnesota , and Rainy River , Ontario . It enters the southern end of Lake of the Woods approximately 19 km northwest of Baudette and Rainy River . It is used for hydroelectricity at International Falls . The river shares its name with the town of Rainy River , Ontario , and Rainy Lake . In addition , it shares its Ojibwe name with the Couchiching First Nation and Koochiching County , Minnesota . The drainage basin of the river stretches east to the height of land about 100 km west of Lake Superior , where it was the southeast corner of the huge tract of land granted to the Hudson 's Bay Company in 1670 . It ultimately drains through the Winnipeg River , Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River into Hudson Bay . The Baudette-Rainy River International Bridge and the Fort Frances-International Falls International Bridge both cross the Rainy River . The Ontario and Rainy River Railway , opened in 1901 and now part of Canadian National , follows the river on the Canadian side . The river was the site of the short story `` On the Rainy River '' in Tim O'Brien 's novel The Things They Carried .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cebfaed6d17d3325c42fd4fdf8495c23", "text": "Niagara Parkway The Niagara Parkway , formerly known as Niagara Boulevard and historically as the Niagara Road , is a scenic road in the province of Ontario that travels on the Canadian side of the Niagara River from the town of Fort Erie to Niagara-on-the-Lake . The portion north of Table Rock in Niagara Falls is designated as an Ontario Scenic Highway . The Niagara Boulevard was originally the section only from Fort Erie to Chippawa and the northern portion was referred to as the Niagara Parkway . The Niagara Parkway begins at Fort Erie in the south . It passes through several villages along the river before passing through the tourist district of Niagara Falls . North of the city it provides access to several attractions , including the Whirlpool Rapids , Butterfly Conservatory , and Brock 's Monument at Queenston Heights . The route ends at Fort George , southeast of the urban centre of Niagara-on-the-Lake . Construction on the modern Niagara Parkway began in 1908 ; it was completed from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario in 1931 as a scenic road with gardens and manicured lawns throughout its length . The parkway was referred to by Sir Winston Churchill , having been driven down it , as `` the prettiest Sunday afternoon drive in the world . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63c0dba830a792f31d75856f4ab9638e", "text": "Ottawa River The Ottawa River ( Rivière des Outaouais , Algonquin : Kitchissippi ) , is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec . For most of its length , it defines the border between these two provinces . It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ce66a936c59286e86b70b2f878c30c7", "text": "Loon River The Loon River is a river that forms part of the Canada -- United States border between Minnesota and Ontario .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95766d1d87bf38d6bcf2d4b2590e178f", "text": "Long Lake (Ontario) There are 65 lakes known as Long Lake in Ontario , Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aeabccda1911b59bafcb8f24d7e90f2", "text": "Toronto Islands The Toronto Islands ( formerly known as Island of Hiawatha and also known as Menecing , meaning `` On the Island '' in the Ojibwa language ) are a chain of small islands in Lake Ontario , south of mainland Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Comprising the only group of islands in the western part of Lake Ontario , the Toronto Islands are located just offshore from the city centre , and provide shelter for Toronto Harbour . The islands are home to parkland , the Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , several yacht clubs , Centreville Amusement Park , and Hanlan 's Beach . The island community is considered to be the largest urban car-free community in North America , although some service vehicles are permitted . Access to the Islands is by ferry , including the City of Toronto ferries operating from Jack Layton Ferry Terminal at the foot of Bay Street , or by water taxis . The island is a popular recreation destination . Recreational bicyclists are accommodated on the ferries . There is a public bicycle sharing station operated by Bike Share Toronto at Jack Layton Ferry Terminal and bicycles and quadracycles can be rented at Centre Island . Canoes , kayaks and paddle boats can also be rented on the island . A frisbee golf course exists on the island . The main beach is along the south shore and the beach on the west shore is clothing-optional . There is ample park land suitable for picnicking which is popular , several playgrounds , and several gardens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05bba7d9958a1c7948140f31122e8685", "text": "Politics of Ontario The Province of Ontario is governed by a unicameral legislature , the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , which operates in the Westminster system of government . The political party that wins the largest number of seats in the legislature normally forms the government , and the party 's leader becomes premier of the province , i.e. , the head of the government . Ontario 's primary political parties are the centre-left Ontario Liberal Party , the centre-right Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ( PC ) , and the social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party ( NDP ) . The Green Party of Ontario has seen its support grow over the years - to 8.1 % of the vote in 2007 - but has yet to win a seat in the Legislature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e3e73e16fe084c2f66696f7a1fb7875", "text": "Champlain Sea The Champlain Sea was a temporary inlet of the Atlantic Ocean , created by the retreating glaciers during the close of the last ice age . The Sea once included lands in what are now the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario , as well as parts of the American states of New York and Vermont . The mass of ice from the continental ice sheets had depressed the rock beneath it over millennia . At the end of the last ice age , while the rock was still depressed , the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa River valleys , as well as modern Lake Champlain , were below sea level and flooded with rising worldwide sea levels , once the ice no longer prevented the ocean from flowing into the region . As the land gradually rose again , in the process known as isostatic rebound , the sea coast gradually retreated to its current location . The sea lasted from about 13,000 years ago to about 10,000 years ago and was continuously shrinking during that time , since the rebounding continent was slowly rising above sea level . At its peak , the sea extended inland as far south as Lake Champlain and somewhat farther west than the city of Ottawa , Ontario , and farther up the Ottawa River past Pembroke . The remaining glaciers fed the sea during that time , making it more brackish than typical seawater . It is estimated that the sea was as much as 150 m above the level of today 's Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers . The best evidence of this former sea is the vast clay plain deposited along the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers . This resulted in distinctive forest types , and large wetlands . Other modern evidence of the sea can be seen in the form of whale fossils , ( belugas , fin whales , and bowhead whales ) and marine shells that have been found near the cities of Ottawa , Ontario , and Montreal , Quebec . There are also fossils of oceanic fish such as capelin . The Sea also left ancient raised shorelines in the former coastal regions , and the Leda clay deposits in areas of deeper water . The northern shore of the lake was in southern Quebec where outcrops of the Canadian shield form the Eardley Escarpment . This escarpment still has distinctive plants that may date back to the sea . The Eardley Escarpment is known locally as the Gatineau Hills ; part of the Mattawa fault at the southeastern edge of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben , in Eastern Ontario and the Outaouais region of Quebec , more commonly known as the Ottawa Valley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05430c9eddeab0f30a5e6137d9366c5d", "text": "Allumette Lake Allumette Lake is a lake of Ontario , Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2cd3e7a812f0497835912b06eb2611c", "text": "East Toronto East Toronto was an incorporated community , later annexed into Old Toronto , in Ontario , Canada . It covered much of the present day neighbourhood , the Upper Beaches , stretching up to Danforth Avenue in the north . The central street in the community was Main Street , running between Danforth Avenue to Kingston Road . The commercial center of the town was located at the intersection of Main Street and Lake View , which is present-day Main Street and Gerrard Street . Following the annexation of East Toronto , Main Street retained its name despite Toronto 's `` Main Street '' being historically considered as Yonge Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdf88e56f5177e28afdefc964f4e0fc0", "text": "Save the Oak Ridges Moraine Save the Oak Ridges Moraine ( STORM ) is a coalition of 25 citizen 's groups and individuals dedicated to preserving the ecologically sensitive Oak Ridges Moraine in Ontario , Canada . Formed in 1989 , its primary goal has been to lobby the Government of Ontario to create legislation to protect the moraine . The coalition was founded when two groups ( one from Peterborough that was supporting a group in Durham Region , and one in King Township ) discovered that they had the same name ( STORM ) , and networked with other local groups to organize a first coalition meeting . The brief that the Peterborough group prepared had a significant impact on the Environmental Assessment Advisory Committee who held a hearing to hear perspectives on the disputed land use proposal near Kendall in Durham . STORM has played an important role in triggering political action to preserve the Oak Ridges Moraine . Soon after its formation , it raised the profile of the Moraine at both the local and provincial levels , causing the provincial government to declare an `` expression of provincial interest '' in the Moraine in 1990 . STORM was appointed as a member of the government-sponsored Oak Ridges Moraine Technical Working Committee . In addition to STORM , membership on the committee included : Regional Municipalities of Durham , Peel and York , MNR , MMAH , MOE , Toronto and Region Conservation Authority ( TRCA ) , Ganaraska Region Conservation Authority ( GRCA ) , Conservation Council of Ontario ( CCO ) , Urban Development Institute ( UDI ) , Aggregate Producers Association of Ontario ( APAO ) , and Federation of Ontario Naturalists ( FON ) . The committee operated from 19911994 . Its task was to develop a long-term preservation strategy for the moraine . The committee 's final report , submitted to the province in 1994 , was never implemented . Instead , the province expanded the powers of the municipalities in administration of the lands that were the subject of the committee 's report .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54990cc1ebc2b56a5023841dac2ee8d1", "text": "Ecology of the Oak Ridges Moraine The Oak Ridges Moraine lies in Southern Ontario , Canada . It contains the headwaters of sixty-five rivers and streams . It has a wide diversity of woodlands , wetlands , watercourses , kettle lakes , kettle bogs , and significant flora and fauna . It is one of the few remaining continuous green corridors in southern Ontario : it remains thirty percent forested and is one of the last refuges for forest birds in all of southern Ontario . The moraine provides habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species , over seventy of which are threatened or endangered in Canada , including the West Virginia white butterfly , Jefferson salamander , red-shouldered hawk , and American ginseng . The moraine 's rare wetlands support plants and insects more typical of northern Ontario . The remnants of tallgrass prairie and oak-pine savanna in the eastern portion are globally threatened ecosystems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3583bfc33933b0532a9448921c5cc29b", "text": "Demographics of Ontario Ontario , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c54c341f568c6c2e80542b96d0f61f2", "text": "Yorkend Lake (Ontario) Yorkend Lake is a lake in Haliburton County , Ontario , Canada in the southern extension of Algonquin Park and is the source of the York River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2958ea46974e5e8ba428dfa0b3723f5", "text": "Redwater Lake Redwater Lake may refer to : Upper Redwater Lake , a lake in Ontario , Canada Lower Redwater Lake , a lake in Ontario , Canada", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c7cfc99e8b97be1980148871edd2b1f", "text": "List of provincial parks of Central Ontario This is a list of provincial parks in Central Ontario . These provincial parks are maintained by Ontario Parks . For a list of other provincial parks in Ontario , see the List of provincial parks in Ontario .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54b65b10adb675b2ab3d73a0a3b90f13", "text": "Lake Temagami Lake Temagami , formerly spelled as Lake Timagami , is a lake in Nipissing District in northeastern Ontario , Canada , situated approximately 80 km north of North Bay . The lake 's name comes from Te-mee-ay-gaming , which means `` deep water by the shore '' in the Ojibwa language .", "title": "" } ]	fever
37e610b8bdebb1649065c706628e8a6b	Connaught Tunnel is in British Columbia.	[ { "docid": "e8e0258bb959fa84cba707a15cb1435b", "text": "Connaught Tunnel For the Connaught tunnel in East London , England , see Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway The Connaught Tunnel is a railway tunnel under the Selkirk Mountains in southeastern British Columbia , Canada , near the city of Revelstoke . The 5.022 mi tunnel carries the Canadian Pacific Railway main line under Mount Macdonald and replaced the railway 's previous routing over Rogers Pass , which had been struck by several deadly avalanches since its completion in 1885 . At the time it was built , the Connaught Tunnel was the longest railway tunnel in North America . It was named for the Governor General of Canada -- the Prince Arthur , Duke of Connaught -- who in turn was named after the province of Connaught in Ireland . Announced in February 1913 , the contract was awarded on July 1 , 1913 , to Foley Bros. . Welch and Stewart . The tunnel was designed by John G. Sullivan who joined the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1900 and eventually became Chief Engineer for Canada . A small tunnel was built , from which cross cuts were made to the main tunnel so work could carry on at a number of headings . The sub-contractor guaranteed to drill 900 ft of tunnel per month and started on April 2 , 1914 . Compressed air equipment and narrow gauge locomotives were used inside the tunnel . The company town housed some 300 workers . The tunnel was completed before the original deadline , with operation beginning December 16 , 1916 . It had a grade of only 0.95 per cent westward , and was tangent ; light at one end can be seen at the other , more than five miles away . It cost $ 5.5 million , while a further $ 3 million were spent on track revision , which saw 14.5 mi abandoned including the Loops and over 4 mi of snow sheds . In all , the route was shortened by 4.3 mi . Problems were encountered with ventilation , loose rocks and wet rails , which caused trains to stall . The tunnel was later lined with reinforced concrete and equipped with a better ventilation system . Originally double tracked , it was realigned with a single track in 1959 to accommodate higher freight cars . In the late 1980s , the Mount Macdonald Tunnel was built to supplement the Connaught Tunnel and to lessen the grade on the eastern approach to the pass . Trains now predominantly travel east through the Connaught Tunnel and west through the Mount Macdonald Tunnel . In 2001 , the Connaught Tunnel was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame . The Hall of Fame recognizes and establishes an enduring tribute to the people and things that have made significant contribution relating to railway industry in North America . The Connaught Tunnel was inducted in the `` Facilities and Structures '' category with `` National '' significance .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7f1ecc63876de5ecaa5a80258538f8b8", "text": "Columbia station Columbia station is located in the short underground section of the Expo Line in New Westminster , British Columbia , Canada . It is a part of Metro Vancouver 's SkyTrain rapid transit system , and a major transfer point between two Expo Line branches terminating at King George in Surrey and Production Way -- University in Burnaby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dbf8bec909a05e16ee311a61c4a33dc", "text": "Nelson, British Columbia Nelson is a city located in the Selkirk Mountains on the extreme West Arm of Kootenay Lake in the Southern Interior of British Columbia , Canada . Known as `` The Queen City '' , and acknowledged for its impressive collection of restored heritage buildings from its glory days in a regional silver rush , Nelson is one of the three cities forming the commercial and population core of the West Kootenay region , the others being Castlegar and Trail . The city is the seat of the Regional District of Central Kootenay . It is represented in the provincial legislature by the riding of Nelson-Creston , and in the Parliament of Canada by the riding of Kootenay -- Columbia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4333fb6d8e42279e29994df5f1562bf5", "text": "Shark Tooth Mountain (British Columbia) '' This article is about the mountain in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia . For the mountain in the Stikine Ranges of the Northern Interior of British Columbia , see Sharktooth Mountain . For the similar-named mountain in California , see Sharktooth Peak . For the similarly named mountain in Colorado , see Sharkstooth Peak . Shark Tooth Mountain , officially named in 1954 , is also known as The Sharktooth or Sharp Tooth Mountain . It is a mountain in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia , Canada , southwest of Whiteswan Lake . Presumably , the name is related to the profile of the peak . It sits to the southwest of Whiteswan Lake Provincial Park , with Lussier Hot Springs and Ram Creek Hot Springs nearby , and is part of the Kootenay Ranges subdivision of the Canadian Rockies in Western Alberta and most of British Columbia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b0601074362d48b90f709688658cc3d", "text": "Nitinat River Provincial Park Nitinat River Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia , Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0e2386492e00c845b7c1a6a3eed20ca", "text": "Canadian (train) The Canadian ( Le Canadien ) is a transcontinental passenger train operated by Via Rail Canada with service between Union Station in Toronto , Ontario , and Pacific Central Station in Vancouver , British Columbia . Before 1955 the Canadian was a Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) train between Toronto and Chicago . In 1955 , CPR renamed its transcontinental route between Montreal/Toronto and Vancouver the Canadian , with new streamlined trains . Via Rail took over in 1978 , and in 1990 reduced the Canadian to Toronto - Vancouver service primarily along Canadian National tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98aec2f11436e3eb653a71f3ac90eca7", "text": "Stickeen Territories The Stickeen Territories -LSB- stɪˈkiːn -RSB- , also colloquially rendered as Stickeen Territory , Stikine Territory , and Stikeen Territory , was a territory of British North America whose brief existence began July 19 , 1862 , and concluded July of the following year . The region was split from the North-Western Territory in the wake of the Stikine Gold Rush . The initial strike attracted large numbers of miners -- mostly American -- to the region ; by detaching the region from the exclusive trade zone of the Hudson 's Bay Company , British authorities were able to impose tariffs and licences on the speculators . The new territory , named after the Stikine River , was under the responsibility of the Governor of the Colony of British Columbia , James Douglas , who was appointed `` Administrator of the Stickeen Territories '' and under British law , within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of British Columbia . The boundaries of the territory were : the 62nd parallel to the North , the 125th meridian to the East , the Nass and Finlay Rivers to the South , and the panhandle of Russian America to the west ( only vaguely defined by treaty and disputed until resolved with the Alaska Boundary Settlement of 1903 ) . A year later , the Stickeen was added to the Colony of British Columbia ( along with the Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands ) , except for the sector north of the 60th parallel , which was returned to the North-Western Territory . In 1895 , this strip was again redistributed , this time to the District of Yukon , as newly constituted during the midst of the Klondike Gold Rush .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1eb62fa7b75546391bc8df70d7a37ef", "text": "Columbia, British Columbia Columbia was a city in the Boundary Country region of the southernmost Interior of British Columbia . It was incorporated on May 4 , 1899 . It amalgamated with the adjacent City of Grand Forks in 1903 . Columbia , now within West Grand Forks , is home to the oldest unrelocated Canadian Pacific railway station in the province .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa41209861040d13d3f9732f08830931", "text": "62nd Battalion (British Columbia), CEF The 62nd Battalion ( British Columbia ) , CEF was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War . The 62nd Battalion was authorized on 20 April 1915 and embarked for Britain on 20 March 1916 . It provided reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field until 6 July 1916 when its personnel were absorbed by the ' 30th Reserve Battalion , CEF ' . The battalion was subsequently disbanded on 8 December 1917 . The 62nd Battalion recruited in Victoria , Prince Rupert and Vancouver , British Columbia and was mobilized at Vancouver . The 62nd Battalion was commanded by Lt.-Col . H.D. Hulme from 1 April 1916 to 6 July 1916 . The 62nd Battalion was awarded the battle honour THE GREAT WAR 1916 . The 62nd Battalion , CEF is perpetuated by The British Columbia Regiment ( Duke of Connaught 's Own ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1b1af68a8fcf3c3a6d564e841465655", "text": "Kokanee Creek Provincial Park Kokanee Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia , Canada . The park is situated on the shores of Kootenay Lake and is bisected by Highway 3A 19 km east of Nelson , British Columbia . Established as a BC Provincial Park in 1955 it encompasses 260 hectares of sandy beaches , deltas , and coniferous forest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0250838b03521a839ccf591fa1a05c6a", "text": "Cariboo (electoral district) '' For the region of the Canadian province of British Columbia , see Cariboo . For the provincial electoral district of the same name , see Cariboo ( provincial electoral district ) . Cariboo was a federal electoral district in British Columbia , Canada , that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1871 to 1892 . This riding was first created as Cariboo District following British Columbia 's admission into the Canadian Confederation in 1871 . The name was changed to `` Cariboo '' in 1872 , and existed in this form until it was abolished in 1892 when it was amalgamated into the new riding of Yale -- Cariboo . In 1914 , Yale -- Cariboo was redistributed and Yale and Cariboo were separate ridings once again , though with smaller areas than before . The Cariboo riding lasted until 1966 . The succession of ridings for the Cariboo area since then has been : Kamloops -- Cariboo ( 1966 -- 1976 ) Cariboo -- Chilcotin ( 1976 -- 2003 ) Cariboo -- Prince George ( 2003 - ) Kamloops -- Thompson -- Cariboo ( 2004 - ) The Chilcotin region of the riding , west of the Fraser River , was from 1966 to 1976 part of the Coast Chilcotin riding . The original form of the riding was the whole of the Cariboo Plateau and both Cariboo and Lillooet Land Districts . Its southern boundary was on the northern edge of the New Westminster riding , and later the Burrard riding , then the North Vancouver riding , with near-coastal localities such as Pemberton , Squamish , Britannia Beach and Port Douglas all politically part of `` Cariboo '' . Under the Representation Act of 1892 , the constituencies of Yale and Cariboo were united to form Yale -- Cariboo . In 1914 that riding was broken up and the Yale and Cariboo riding-names were restored , although the new constituencies were considerably smaller than before . The restored Yale riding included the Boundary Country around Grand Forks and Greenwood , but the Kootenay was now a separate riding and the town of Yale itself was not in the restored Yale riding , but in the new riding of Westminster District . The first election using the new boundaries was in 1917 . `` Government '' and `` Opposition '' were used during the wartime campaign to designate the governing Conservatives vs the Opposition Liberals . A major redistribution in 1952 took away the southern half of the Cariboo district , with a southern boundary at 52 degrees 30 minutes north , just excluding Williams Lake and the south bank of Quesnel Lake . The rest of the riding extended to the Little Rancheria River and the border with Yukonand the Northwest Territories , therefore including the Omineca , Prince George and Peace River districts . The Cariboo electoral district was abolished in 1966 . Successor ridings were : Coast Chilcotin ( 1966 - 1976 ) Kamloops -- Cariboo ( 1966 - 1976 ) Prince George -- Peace River ( 1966 - 1976 ) Skeena ( 1914 - 2003 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb9ce8a616a72fc77772346518846b1c", "text": "Connaught Cup", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9588444e3f445c04e60054da5963a112", "text": "Port Douglas, British Columbia Port Douglas , sometimes referred to simply as Douglas , is a remote community in British Columbia , Canada at east of the mouth of the Lillooet River , and at the head of Harrison Lake , which is the head of river navigation from the Strait of Georgia . Port Douglas was the second major settlement of any size on the British Columbia mainland ( after Yale ) during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush . From Port Douglas to Lillooet a mixed land and water route was built named the Douglas Road , the Lillooet Trail , Harrison Trail or Lakes Route . During its rowdy heyday Port Douglas had thousands of residents and many of the BC mainland 's first companies had their start here , including the famous B.X. Express and other major freighting companies , who relocated to the Fraser Canyon with the completion of the Cariboo Wagon Road in the mid-1860s . Although Port Douglas dwindled in size rapidly with the abandonment of the Douglas Road and today there is nothing left - other than the placename and the adopted name of the local First Nation , the Douglas Band of the In-SHUCK-ch Nation . A land alienation pattern on the lakeshore to the southwest of Douglas , across the mouth of the Lillooet River and down the lake a bit , remains on the map as Tipella City ( also known as Tipella , or Tipella Hot Springs ) . It was a port and land-promotion scheme from 1898 that never went far , although a number of investors and buyers were taken in by it . The port was a wharf for the Moneyspinner silver mine at Fire Lake which operated for a few years . Regular steamboat traffic to Port Douglas from Georgia Strait and New Westminster via the Fraser River ended in the 1890s , although the town was long-dead by then , with only a handful of non-native residents . In the 1970s a large logging operation bulldozed the last remains of the town , which were only vestiges of a few foundations . Both Port Douglas and the Douglas Road , as well as the Douglas Ranges to the west of Harrison Lake , were named in honour of the first governor of the Colony of British Columbia , Sir James Douglas . The Indian reserve community of Xa ` xtsa , home to the Douglas First Nation , who are part of the St ` at ` imc cultural group but have many ties to the Sto : lo of the Lower Mainland , is located on Douglas Indian Reserve No. 8 which is across Little Harrison Lake , as the bay which became the site of the steamer port is known , from the location of what had been Port Douglas proper . The name Port Douglas today generally refers to that community and its location , as nothing remains of the frontier-era town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e003fb3e329619a314ba42a964ad480", "text": "Red Bluff Provincial Park Red Bluff Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia , Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19daef06e629c9ccdc24b47a23e045b2", "text": "Selkirk Mountains The Selkirk Mountains are a mountain range spanning the northern portion of the Idaho Panhandle , eastern Washington , and southeastern British Columbia . They begin at Mica Peak near Spokane and extend approximately 320 km north ( 200 miles ) from the border to Kinbasket Lake , at the now-inundated location of the onetime fur company post Boat Encampment . The range is bounded on its west , northeast and at its northern extremity by the Columbia River , or the reservoir lakes now filling most of that river 's course . From the Columbia 's confluence with the Beaver River , they are bounded on their east by the Purcell Trench , which contains the Beaver River , Duncan River , Duncan Lake , Kootenay Lake and the Kootenay River . The Selkirks are distinct from , and geologically older than , the Rocky Mountains . Together with the neighboring Monashee and Purcell Mountains , and sometimes including the Cariboo Mountains to the northwest , the Selkirks are part of a larger grouping known as the Columbia Mountains . A scenic highway loop , the International Selkirk Loop , encircles the southern portions of the mountain range . The Selkirks were named after Thomas Douglas , 5th Earl of Selkirk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2859ff9d04389bf353dfd57ea3e9e261", "text": "Boreal Plains Ecozone (CEC) The Boreal Plains Ecozone , as defined by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation ( CEC ) , is an ecozone in the western Canadian provinces of Manitoba , Saskatchewan and Alberta . It also has minor extensions into northeastern British Columbia and south-central Northwest Territories . Industry in this ecozone once consisted primarily of forestry and agriculture , but in 1967 the Great Canadian Oil Sands Limited began extracting bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands . Operations there have expanded significantly since 2003 , and the oil sands are becoming an increasingly significant economic factor in the region . Wood Buffalo National Park , the largest national park in Canada , and Whooping Crane Summer Range , the only nesting and breeding area for the critically endangered whooping crane , are both located in the northern portion of this ecozone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5aedff5054267b0d8c79ff50214612fb", "text": "Pacific Ranges The Pacific Ranges are the southernmost subdivision of the Coast Mountains portion of the Pacific Cordillera . Located entirely within British Columbia , Canada , they run northwest from the lower stretches of the Fraser River to Bella Coola and Burke Channel , north of which are the Kitimat Ranges . The Coast Mountains lie between the Interior Plateau and the Coast of British Columbia . The Pacific Ranges include four of the five major coastal icecaps in the southern Coast Mountains . These are the largest temperate-latitude icecaps in the world and fuel a number of very major rivers ( by volume , not length ) . One of these contains Mount Waddington , the highest summit entirely within British Columbia . Also within this region is Hunlen Falls , among the highest in Canada , located in Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park . Other than logging and various hydroelectric developments , and a large ski resort at Whistler , most of the land in the range is completely undeveloped . Historically , in the southern part of the range , mining was important at various times in the Lillooet , Bridge River and Squamish areas , and large pulp and paper mills at Powell River , Port Mellon and Woodfibre . The largest hydroelectric development in the Pacific Ranges is the Bridge River Power Project , though smaller hydro plants are on the Stave River-Alouette Lake system in Mission and Maple Ridge , the Daisy Lake-Squamish River division of the Cheakamus Powerhouse , and another power dam and power plant at Clowhom . Although the range was extensively surveyed for possible rail routes , only that of the Pacific Great Eastern ( now part of CN ) was eventually built ; the Homathko River-Bute Inlet route , however , was one of the two main choices in the deliberations of the CPR 's routing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51a984a2f7b942f2f02288cfe889bbe", "text": "Kootenay Savings Credit Union Kootenay Savings Credit Union , located in the Southern Interior of British Columbia , is the twenty-ninth largest credit union in Canada with over 39,000 members and assets of over $ 1 billion . It is insured by the Credit Union Deposit Insurance Corporation of British Columbia . The organization has 11 branches throughout the interior of British Columbia , mostly around the major centres of Trail , Castlegar and Invermere . Its subsidiaries include Kootenay Savings MoneyWorks as well as a jointly-owned Insurance group called Kootenay Insurance Services , a company formed through the cooperation of Nelson and District Credit Union and East Kootenay Community Credit Union . In April 2007 , Kootenay Savings ' Annual Report parodied Wikipedia and other online communities such as Flickr and MySpace to show how community-run organizations succeed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbd45a75c4e9da9fccdef9b059b5b06e", "text": "Kootenay Lake Provincial Park Kootenay Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia , Canada . It encompasses five widely dispersed parks around Kootenay Lake : Kootenay Lake Provincial Park ( Davis Creek site ) , Kootenay Lake Provincial Park ( Lost Ledge sites ) , Kootenay Lake Provincial Park ( Midge Creek site ) , Kootenay Lake Provincial Park ( Campbell Bay site ) , and Kootenay Lake Provincial Park ( Coffee Creek site ) . All of the parks are located in south central British Columbia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a23e41f6400ad5024ee04b3c3ded759b", "text": "Crowsnest Ridge Crowsnest Ridge is located on the border of Alberta and British Columbia on the Continental Divide .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2f40413a340bf41f6a7bc1950e2d4565	Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)'s sequel had the subtitle Dead Man's Chest.	[ { "docid": "f8f9ecdf603e75989d43dc74f9a4ecbe", "text": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series) Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disney 's theme park ride of the same name . Directors of the series include Gore Verbinski ( 1 -- 3 ) , Rob Marshall ( 4 ) , and Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg ( 5 ) . The series is primarily written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio ( 1 -- 4 ) ; other writers include Stuart Beattie ( 1 ) , Jay Wolpert ( 1 ) , and Jeff Nathanson ( 5 ) . The stories follow the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow ( Johnny Depp ) , Will Turner ( Orlando Bloom ) , and Elizabeth Swann ( Keira Knightley ) . Characters such as Hector Barbossa ( Geoffrey Rush ) and Joshamee Gibbs ( Kevin McNally ) follow Jack , Will , and Elizabeth in the course of the films . The fourth film features Blackbeard ( Ian McShane ) and Angelica ( Penélope Cruz ) , while the fifth film features Armando Salazar ( Javier Bardem ) , Henry Turner ( Brenton Thwaites ) and Carina Smyth ( Kaya Scodelario ) . The films take place in a fictional historical setting ; a world ruled by the British Empire , the East India Trading Company ( based on the real East India Company ) , and the Spanish Empire , with pirates representing freedom from the ruling powers . The film series started in 2003 with Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl , which received positive reviews from the critics and grossed US$ 654 million worldwide . After the first film 's success , Walt Disney Pictures revealed that a trilogy was in the works . The franchise 's second film , subtitled Dead Man 's Chest , was released three years later in 2006 ; the sequel proved successful , breaking financial records worldwide the day of its premiere . Dead Man 's Chest ended up being the number one film of the year upon earning almost $ 1.1 billion at the worldwide box office . The third film in the series , subtitled At World 's End , followed in 2007 , and Disney released a fourth film , subtitled On Stranger Tides , in 2011 in conventional 2D , Digital 3-D and IMAX 3D . On Stranger Tides succeeded in also grossing more than $ 1 billion , becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in history to achieve this . So far , the film franchise has grossed $ 4 billion worldwide ; it is the ninth highest-grossing film series of all-time and it was the first franchise where more than one film grossed $ 1 billion worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7df88d8c925c1eba491a0edb4df59fe7", "text": "Diego el Mulato Diego el Mulato is the name given to several pirates who were active in the Caribbean during the 1600s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5528137f46b7561b3fa5a20e72e340ba", "text": "Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea ( Mar Caribe Mer des Caraïbes Caraïbische Zee ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere . It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west , to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba , to the east by the Lesser Antilles , and to the south by the north coast of South America . The entire area of the Caribbean Sea , the numerous islands of the West Indies , and adjacent coasts , are collectively known as the Caribbean . The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000 km2 ( 1,063,000 sq mi ) . The sea 's deepest point is the Cayman Trough , between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica , at 7,686 m ( 25,220 ft ) below sea level . The Caribbean coastline has many gulfs and bays : the Gulf of Gonâve , Gulf of Venezuela , Gulf of Darién , Golfo de los Mosquitos , Gulf of Paria and Gulf of Honduras . The Caribbean Sea has the world 's second biggest barrier reef , the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef . It runs 1000 km along the coasts of Mexico , Belize , Guatemala , and Honduras .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2373cb93776491660715875288961fa1", "text": "Saw (video game) Saw , also known as Saw : The Video Game , is a survival horror video game that was developed by Zombie Studios and published by Konami . The game launched on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles , with a downloadable version released soon after for the Microsoft Windows platform . The game was first released on October 6 , 2009 , in North America and was released later that year in other regions . The Microsoft Windows version was released on October 22 , 2009 . Being a tie-in game of the Saw film series , the game is set between the first and second films . In Saw , The Jigsaw Killer has healed Detective David Tapp from his gunshot wound , and places him in an abandoned insane asylum to teach him a lesson in life appreciation . Obsessed , Tapp traverses the asylum and gathers clues along the way in hopes of finally apprehending Jigsaw . As he progresses through the asylum , he encounters several people with past and current connections to him , whom he must save . The asylum also has inhabitants who are in games of their own , ordered to kill Tapp . Along the way , Tapp uncovers the origins of Jigsaw and the motives behind his tests . The development team brought in the Saw creators James Wan and Leigh Whannell to help with the storyline and create new trap designs exclusive to the game . Upon release , Saw received mixed reviews . It was praised for the storyline and multiple endings , as well as the immersive environment that is true to the Saw film series . The controls and combat system , however , were panned by critics . Since Konami purchased the publishing rights after former publisher Brash Entertainment went bankrupt , Konami had a significant input on the games ' final outcome . They stated that they had plans to make Saw their next big franchise as well as a spiritual successor to their other survival horror series , Silent Hill . A sequel , Saw II : Flesh & Blood , was released on multiple platforms on October 19 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aac70686921446a952126dc23253f786", "text": "Pirates: The Key of Dreams Pirates : The Key of Dreams is a shoot 'em up video game by developers Oxygen Games for WiiWare . A prequel to Oxygen 's Nintendo DS game Pirates : Duels on the High Seas , it was released in Europe on July 18 , 2008 and in North America on July 21 , 2008 . It costs 1000 Wii Points and takes up 125 Blocks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a49b0d9557db815b75fa648fe6a4e326", "text": "The Deep (unfinished film) The Deep is an unfinished film directed by Orson Welles and based on the novel Dead Calm by Charles Williams , which would later be adapted into the film of the same title . Welles produced and wrote the film , and also played the role of Russ Brewer opposite Jeanne Moreau and Laurence Harvey . Welles worked on the film from 1966 to 1969 . The film is incomplete ; several major scenes were never shot , and portions of the soundtrack remain unrecorded . The original negative has been lost and the film exists in two work prints , one in black and white and the other in color ( the way the film was intended to be shown ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "456c0343a912004421778c733233765c", "text": "Let's Go Jungle!: Lost on the Island of Spice Let 's Go Jungle ! : Lost on the Island of Spice is a joystick-mounted gun arcade game by Sega . The game was released on June 27 , 2006 . Players take the roles of a man and a woman stranded on a jungle island which has been overrun by monsters . Each player must shoot the monsters with his or her machine guns while looking for rescue . There is a version of the game called Let 's Go Jungle ! Special , in which players sit on a revolving seat with a large projection screen in front and another in back . This version also serves as a spiritual sequel to The House of the Dead 4 Special . A sequel in 2010 was announced to be in development called Let 's Go Island : Lost On the Island of Tropics . It was released in mid-2011 . A spiritual sequel , Transformers : Human Alliance was released in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2e461e47eacde4d44437e32a5d81a97", "text": "Bristol slave trade Bristol is a city in the South West of England , on the River Avon which flows into the Severn Estuary . Because of Bristol 's position on the River Avon , it has been an important location for marine trade for centuries . The city 's involvement with the slave trade peaked between 1730 and 1745 , when it became the leading slaving port . Bristol used its position on the Avon to trade all types of goods . Bristol 's port was the second largest in England after London . Countries that Bristol traded with included France , Spain , Ireland , Portugal , and North Africa 's Barbary Coast . Bristol 's main export was woollen cloth . Other exports included coal , lead , and animal hides . Imports into Bristol included wine , grain , slate , timber , and olive oil . Trading with the various colonies in the Caribbean and North America began to flourish during the Interregnum of Oliver Cromwell ( 1649 -- 1660 ) . The Royal African Company , a London-based trading company , had control over all trade between countries in Britain and Africa before the year 1698 At this time , only ships owned by the Royal African Company could trade for anything , including slaves . Slaves were increasingly an important commodity at the time , since the British colonization in the Caribbean and the Americas in the 17th century . The Society of Merchant Venturers , an organization of elite merchants in Bristol , wanted to commence participation in the African slave trade , and after much pressure from them and other interested parties in and around Britain , the Royal African Company 's control over the slave trade was broken in 1698 . As soon as the monopoly was broken , what is thought to have been the first `` legitimate '' Bristol slave ship , the Beginning , owned by Stephen Barker , purchased a cargo of enslaved Africans and delivered them to the Caribbean . Some average slave prices were # 20 , # 50 , or # 100 . In her will of 1693 , Jane Bridges , Widow of Leigh Upon Mendip bequeathes her interest of # 130 in this very ship to her grandson Thomas Bridges and indicates that the vessel was owned by the City of Bristol . Business boomed ; however , due to the over-crowding and harsh conditions on the ships , it is estimated that approximately half of each cargo of slaves did not survive the trip across the Atlantic . The triangular trade was a route taken by slave merchants during the years 1697 and 1807 . The areas covered by the triangular trade was England , North West Africa and finally The Caribbean . Profits of 50-100 % were made during the 18th century . Over 500,000 slaves were brought into slavery by these ships , representing one-fifth of the British slave trade during this time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc37ba708bd5feafa13b1200675dadd4", "text": "Dead Chest Island, British Virgin Islands Dead Chest is little more than a large rock outcropping located just under one half mile north east ( 0.4 miles at 27 degrees true ) of Deadman 's Bay on Peter Island , British Virgin Islands . It is uninhabited , has no fresh water or trees and only sparse vegetation . It was formerly used as a firing range by the Royal Virgin Islands Police , but the opening of the nearby hotel on Peter Island coincided with the decision to build a proper firing range on the island of Tortola . The island is now an uninhabited National Park , with several popular Scuba diving and snorkeling sites .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0683439e9cd28aab0bb7a399a2fa983c", "text": "Caja de Muertos Caja de Muertos ( English : Coffin Island or Dead Man 's Chest ) is an uninhabited island off the southern coast of Puerto Rico , in the municipality of Ponce . The island is protected by the Reserva Natural Caja de Muertos natural reserve , because of its native turtle traffic . Hikers and beachgoers are often seen in the island , which can be reached by ferry from the La Guancha Boardwalk sector of Ponce Playa . Together with Cardona , Ratones , Morrillito , Isla del Frio , Gatas , and Isla de Jueyes , Caja de Muertos is one of seven islands ascribed to the municipality of Ponce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01edae994f083b62686b8e3dcb52c04d", "text": "Gulf of Honduras The Gulf or Bay of Honduras is a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea , indenting the coasts of Belize , Guatemala , and Honduras . From north to south , it runs for approximately 200 km from Dangriga , Belize , to La Ceiba , Honduras . The inner Gulf of Honduras is lined by the Belize Barrier Reef which forms the southern part of the 900 km long Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System , the second-largest coral reef system in the world . The Belize Barrier Reef includes a number of small islands , called cays , and collectively known as the Pelican Cays . The Gulf of Honduras is marked by complex dynamics of coastal and open waters , and ocean currents , which have produced a very diverse and unique ecosystem with a wide variety of coastal marine waters , including coastline estuaries , barrier beaches , lagoons , intertidal salt marshes , mangrove forests , seagrass beds , keys and barrier reefs . The gulf receives the runoff from the watersheds of 12 rivers with an estimated discharge of 1232 m ³ s − 1 . These rivers include the Moho , Sarstún , Río Dulce , Motagua , and Ulúa . Increased volumes of sediments drained in the Gulf of Honduras pose a threat to its marine ecosystem . Many American anglers visit the Gulf of Honduras to catch the marlin that abound there . Tourists are often taken on boat trips to the Pelican Cays , notably Caye Caulker and Ambergris Caye . In 1961 Hurricane Hattie swept across the Gulf of Honduras , destroying buildings in Belize . The infamous pirate Blackbeard spent the winter of 1717-1718 harassing shipping boats sailing to and from the port of Vera Cruz , Mexico and traversing the Bay of Honduras . In April 1718 , at Turneffe Atoll , Blackbeard captured the logwood cutting sloop Adventure and forced its captain , David Herriot , to join him . Blackbeard then made Israel Hands captain of the Adventure and began sailing for North Carolina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1eb189897d5610223002042c6d0fee3", "text": "Titanic II (film) Titanic II ( also entitled Titanic 2 ) is a 2010 low-budget disaster film written , directed by , and starring Shane Van Dyke and distributed by The Asylum . Despite this title , the film is not a sequel to the 1997 film by James Cameron , although movie website Dread Central has suggested the film may be a mockbuster of it . It was released direct-to-TV in Australia on August 7 , 2010 . It premiered on Syfy on Sky in the UK and Ireland on August 9 . It was released on August 25 in the United States . The film is set on a fictional replica Titanic that sets off exactly 100 years after the original ship 's maiden voyage to perform the reverse route , but global warming and the forces of nature cause history to repeat itself on the same night , only on a more disastrous and deadly scale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e27d4139c27a4229ff43bb411fb1d63a", "text": "The Black Pirates The Black Pirates is a 1954 Ansco Color adventure film made by Salvador Films Corp. about a band of pirates scouring a small Central American town for a buried treasure . It was directed by Allen H. Miner and produced from a screenplay by Fred Freiberger and Al C. Ward based on the story by Johnston McCulley . The film stars Anthony Dexter and Martha Roth with Robert Clarke , Toni Gerry and Lon Chaney Jr. . . The tagline of the movie was `` Wild Raiders of the Tropic Seas ! '' . It was filmed on location in Panchimalco , El Salvador . Filming started in mid-June 1954 and the movie was released in December and distributed in Latin America under the title El Pirata Negro . The Black Pirates was the first film that Cinema Research Corporation was hired to do the special effects for .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a76fc6a24ce2dd48aa2de128f86b826b", "text": "Davy Jones (Pirates of the Caribbean) Davy Jones is a fictional character in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series , portrayed by Bill Nighy . He appears in the second and third films , Dead Man 's Chest and At World 's End , respectively , and cameos in the series ' fifth installment , Dead Men Tell No Tales . He is the captain of the Flying Dutchman ( based on the ghost ship of the same name ) . The computer-generated imagery used to complete Jones was named by Entertainment Weekly as the tenth favorite computer generated film character in film history , only behind King Kong in 2007 . The work on Davy Jones by Industrial Light and Magic earned them the 2006 Academy Award for Visual Effects for Dead Man 's Chest '' . The character is based on the superstition of Davy Jones ' Locker . In contrast to the historical legends , the film 's Jones is a villain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6c219cf807eb882f3ffda620ed9b04c", "text": "Alias the Saint Alias the Saint is a collection of three mystery novellas by Leslie Charteris , first published in the United Kingdom in May 1931 by Hodder and Stoughton . This was the sixth book to feature the adventures of Simon Templar , also known as `` The Saint '' . The three stories had previously been published in The Thriller magazine in the UK . The first American publication of Alias the Saint occurred in 1931 through The Crime Club as part of the compilation Wanted for Murder , which also included the contents of the previous book , Featuring the Saint . A variation of Alias the Saint was published in the United States in the 1950s by Avon Books and later reprinted by Charter Books in the 1970s . This version , subtitled `` Selections from Wanted for Murder '' contains only two stories : `` The National Debt '' ( originally published in the UK Alias the Saint ) and `` The Man Who Could Not Die '' , which was originally published in the UK edition of Featuring the Saint . A complete edition of the original Alias the Saint was first published by Fiction Publishing Company in the early 1960s . `` The Story of a Dead Man '' was actually the very first Saint novella to be published after the character 's introduction in the 1928 novel Meet - The Tiger ! , appearing in the UK magazine Thriller in March 1929 ( Although the original version in The Thriller issue 4 features a character called Jimmy Traill rather than The Saint ) , followed by `` The National Debt '' in April under the title `` The Secret of Beacon Inn '' . Both stories were passed over by Charteris when he was compiling his first two novella collections Enter the Saint and Featuring the Saint and were rewritten when he chose to include them in Alias the Saint .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ad83a9331a6aed4f2d8288ee8d53943", "text": "Black Swan Project The Black Swan Project is the project name given by Odyssey Marine Exploration for its discovery and recovery of an estimated US$ 500 million ( # 314 million ) worth of silver and gold coins from the ocean floor . Initially Odyssey kept the origin of the treasure confidential . It was later proved in trial that the recovered cargo was being carried by the Spanish frigate Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes , which sank off Portugal in 1804 . Knowledge of the recovery became public on May 18 , 2007 when the company flew 17 tons of coins , mostly silver , from Gibraltar to a secure location of unknown address in Florida , USA . The company did not release the type , date , or nationality of the coins , while a rumor attributed it to the Merchant Royal , which sank near Land 's End in 1641 . At the time , Odyssey said that it planned to return to the site to perform an excavation expected to uncover more coins as well as other artifacts . However , Odyssey was sued by the Spanish government in U.S. courts , which eventually ordered the treasure to be returned to Spain . Odyssey pursued all legal avenues , even taking the case to the U.S. Supreme Court and losing . On February 27 , 2012 the ship 's treasure was flown back to Spain where the coins and other artifacts from the shipwreck are now exhibited in public museums . In 2015 a U.S. district court ordered Odyssey to pay Spain $ 1 million for `` bad faith and abusive litigation . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f1cf3a87ac118f615d4d17e70fa07f5", "text": "A Shot in the Dark (1964 film) A Shot in the Dark is a 1964 comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and is the second installment in The Pink Panther series . Peter Sellers is featured again as Inspector Jacques Clouseau of the French Sûreté . Clouseau 's bungling personality is unchanged , but it was in this film that Sellers began to give him the idiosyncratically exaggerated French accent that was to later become a hallmark of the character . The film also introduces Herbert Lom as his long-suffering boss , Commissioner Dreyfus , Burt Kwouk as his stalwart man servant Cato and Andre Maranne as Francois , all of whom would become series regulars . Elke Sommer plays Maria Gambrelli . Gambrelli would return in Son of the Pink Panther , this time played by Claudia Cardinale , who played Princess Dala in The Pink Panther . Graham Stark reprised his Hercule Lajoy role in Trail of the Pink Panther . The film was not originally written to include Clouseau , but was an adaptation of a stage play by Harry Kurnitz adapted from the French play L'Idiote by Marcel Achard . The film was released only a few months after the first Clouseau film , The Pink Panther .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2aad488575d82b32589d44ddca02da17", "text": "Jan Erasmus Reyning Jan Erasmus Reyning ( 1640 -- 1697 ) was a Dutch pirate , privateer and naval officer . Jan Erasmus Reyning was born in Flushing in 1640 as the son of a Danish mariner and a Zeeland woman . As a boy , he went to sea with his father and later started a seaman 's career of his own . He was taken prisoner during the Second Anglo-Dutch War ( 1665 -- 1667 ) , and later served as an engagé ( servant ) on a French plantation on the island of Hispaniola . Around 1667 he became a buccaneer , i.e. a hunter in central Hispaniola , and around 1669 he started a career as a pirate or filibuster . Although documentary evidence is limited , Reyning is believed to have fought as a privateer captain with French or English letters of marque between 1669 and 1672 . His partner was one Jelle Lecat ( probably born in Frisia as Jelle de Kat ) . Reyning must have co-operated with renowned pirates as Roche Braziliano and Henry Morgan . According to reliable Spanish documents , Reyning offered his services to his former Spanish enemies at Campeche around January 1672 . The Spanish accepted his services and he even took catechisation lessons from a Catholic priest . later that year , when Reyning learned that his home country , The Netherlands , was at war with England and France ( in the Franco-Dutch War and the Third Anglo-Dutch War ) , he sailed to the Dutch colony of Curaçao . He became a sort of Robin Hood for Curaçao that was threatened by many enemies . In his later years Reyning was a Dutch gentleman and marine officer who died at full sea in the Gulf of Biskay in a storm on 2 February 1697 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a6e914f88ed9a88693cce2ac6b72996f	The Mummy is an American action-adventure horror film directed by Alex Kurtzman.	[ { "docid": "339cfb70ff18c07a837c691bc31cc70a", "text": "The Mummy (2017 film) The Mummy is a 2017 American action-adventure horror film directed by Alex Kurtzman and written by David Koepp , Christopher McQuarrie and Dylan Kussman , with a story by Kurtzman , Jon Spaihts and Jenny Lumet . It is a reboot of The Mummy franchise and the first installment in the Dark Universe film series . The film stars Tom Cruise , Annabelle Wallis , Sofia Boutella , Jake Johnson , Courtney B. Vance , Marwan Kenzari and Russell Crowe . The Mummy premiered at the State Theatre in Sydney , Australia on May 22 , 2017 and is scheduled to be released in the United States on June 9 , 2017 in 2D , 3D and IMAX 3D .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bd4db7db265772d5d5f6b63ae6317315", "text": "Alexander Payne Alexander Payne ( born Constantine Alexander Payne ; February 10 , 1961 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer , known for the films Citizen Ruth ( 1996 ) , Election ( 1999 ) , About Schmidt ( 2002 ) , Sideways ( 2004 ) , The Descendants ( 2011 ) , and Nebraska ( 2013 ) . His films are noted for their dark humor and satirical depictions of contemporary American society . Payne is a two-time winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a three-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2425b2ff932aa71e1d4dfb48651f8e29", "text": "Los Monstruos del Terror Los Monstruos del Terror ( The Monsters of Terror ) , also known as Dracula vs. Frankenstein , Reincarnator and Assignment Terror , is a 1970 Spanish-German-Italian horror film directed by Tulio Demicheli , Hugo Fregonese and Eberhard Meichsner . The last two filmmakers were uncredited in the film 's original print . It stars Paul Naschy , Michael Rennie , Karin Dor and Craig Hill . It is the third in a series of movies featuring the werewolf Waldemar Daninsky , always played by Naschy . Monstruos del Terror was originally slated to be called `` The Man Who Came From Ummo '' , referring to Michael Rennie 's spaceman character . It was followed by the 1970 film The Fury of the Wolfman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6c96a25612f149b770d1631321153c", "text": "Egyptian Theatre Egyptian-style theatres are based on the traditional and historic design elements of Ancient Egypt . The first Egyptian Theatre to be constructed in the US -- which inspired many of the identically-named theatres that followed it -- was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood , California . For several years , Hollywood developer Charles E. Toberman attempted to convince Sid Grauman to locate in Hollywood . During a meeting , Sid told Mr. Toberman of his desire to build a theatre of Egyptian design . Mr. Toberman then secured a piece of property on Hollywood Boulevard , just east of McCadden Place . The architectural firm of Meyer & Holler were hired to design the theatre . The result was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre with a seating of 1770 . The approach to the theatre was through a courtyard . Inside , the stage was flanked by carved columns and models of the Sphinx . The theatre was opened on October 19 , 1922 with the grand premiere of `` Robin Hood '' starring Douglas Fairbanks . `` In a 1983 article in Hollywood Studio Magazine , Mike Hughes wrote of the Egyptian : `` A survivor of the decay that unfortunately characterizes the Hollywood Boulevard of today , the Egyptian is a reminder of the glamour that once made the Boulevard famous . Perhaps through the dedicated efforts of such citizens as Bruce Torrence , author of Hollywood : The First 100 Years and grandson of Mr. Charles Toberman , who built the Egyptian , the Hollywood Boulevard of yesteryear will reappear some great day in the future . When that happens , the Egyptian Theatre , jewel that it is , will be there to herald in the new age of film town . '' '' United Artists was the last owner of the Egyptian Theatre before it closed in 1992 . The American Cinematheque purchased the theatre from the city for $ 1 with the provision that this historical landmark would be restored to its original grandeur and re-opened as a movie theatre showcasing the organizations celebrated , public programming . '' The Eldorado Theatre located in Eldorado Amusement Park , Weehawken , New Jersey opened in 1891 and featured ` Egypt Through Centuries ' each evening . The creators of the park , Palisades Amusement and Exhibition Company , published a book titled `` Egypt Through the Centuries '' in 1892 . Many of the other theatres that copied Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre were part of the wave of Egyptian revival architecture that occurred after the November 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb by Howard Carter . Unlike the many theatres that followed in its wake , Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre was designed , built , named and opened before the 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb . The news of the tomb 's discovery reached the US a few weeks after the theatre opened . Early in the 20th century , it is estimated that up to 100 of these theatre types were constructed across the US . Many of them no longer exist , but there are many fine examples of this style still in use today . Conrad Schmitt Studios has played a big part in the restoration of these atmospheric theatres , including Egyptian Theatres in Park City , Utah , Ogden , Utah , Boise , Idaho , Delta , Colorado , and DeKalb , Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e97c26ad093f65037394e694c4f5864a", "text": "Sam Raimi Samuel M `` Sam '' Raimi ( -LSB- ˈreɪmi -RSB- born October 23 , 1959 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor , famous for creating the cult horror Evil Dead series , as well as directing the original Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002 -- 07 ) and the 1990 superhero film Darkman . His most recent work is the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful . Raimi has also produced several successful television series and founded his own production company , Renaissance Pictures , in 1979 . Recently , he worked as the producer of The Possession , and the 2013 remake of Evil Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f66f28332c6af504520cb478779b0bbb", "text": "Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism . In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58250d29f969117a30b58c5c59fe67d5", "text": "Mummy paper Mummy paper is paper that is claimed to be made from the linen wrappings and other fibers ( e.g. papyrus ) from Egyptian mummies imported to America circa 1855 . The existence of this paper has not been conclusively confirmed , but it has been widely discussed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc723b926c2455ac4b591d808ae35a84", "text": "Son of Frankenstein Son of Frankenstein is a 1939 horror monster film , the third film in Universal Studios ' Frankenstein series and the last to feature Boris Karloff as the Monster . It is also the first to feature Bela Lugosi as Ygor . The picture is a sequel to James Whale 's Bride of Frankenstein . It is directed by Rowland V. Lee and stars Basil Rathbone , Boris Karloff and Béla Lugosi . The film was a reaction to the very popular re-releases of Dracula with Lugosi and Frankenstein with Karloff as a double-feature in 1938 . Universal 's declining horror output was revitalized with the enormously successful Son of Frankenstein , in which the studio cast both Karloff and Lugosi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19c87c96dac5f6fc83a2b7ba0305b475", "text": "Death Faces Death Faces , also released as Death Faces IV , also ` Dying : Last seconds of Life ' , and ( in a re edited version ) ` Beyond Reality ' , is a mockumentary about cannibalism released directly to video originally in 1988 . Narrated by `` Prof. Bizarro Blackstone '' , the film is actually footage from various horror films about cannibalism , and newsreel footage of Bonnie and Clyde , John Dillinger , Adolf Hitler . One sequence involves the Kikuyu tribes people of Kenya , ( the film incorrectly says that they are from Papua New Guinea ) as well as various stock car crashes , and the John F. Kennedy assassination . The direction is credited to `` Countess Victoria Bloodhart '' and Steve White , the writing to `` S. Sebastian Shock '' , the direction and production to `` Damian B. Gravenhorse PhD . '' , with one segment credited to producer `` Mink De Ronda '' . It was re edited and re released as Beyond Reality , which is credited to Steve White . There are no other technical credits given to the film . With the exception of a few brief scenes , the entire video is in black and white . Footage from this video was later edited into Banned from Facez , parts 3 and 4 . A sequel was also released straight to video : ` Dying : Last Seconds of Life , Part II ' , also in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e384bdc20424ccfa353ba74f69e46e08", "text": "Alex Graves Alexander John `` Alex '' Graves ( born July 23 , 1965 ) is an American film director , television director , television producer and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "621d4243fcbc257a7c913f658b51b5e8", "text": "Nosferatu Nosferatu , eine Symphonie des Grauens ( translated as Nosferatu : A Symphony of Horror ; or simply Nosferatu ) is a 1922 German Expressionist horror film , directed by F. W. Murnau , starring Max Schreck as the vampire Count Orlok . The film , shot in 1921 and released in 1922 , was an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stoker 's Dracula . Various names and other details were changed from the novel : for instance , `` vampire '' became `` Nosferatu '' and `` Count Dracula '' became `` Count Orlok '' . Stoker 's heirs sued over the adaptation , and a court ruling ordered that all copies of the film be destroyed . However , a few prints of Nosferatu survived , and the film came to be regarded as an influential masterpiece of cinema . As of 2017 , it is Rotten Tomatoes ' third-best reviewed horror film of all time . The film was released in the United States on 3 June 1929 , seven years after its original premiere in Germany , where it instantly became a hit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50b503089c0961691e9460187da420e4", "text": "The Extraordinary Adventures of Adèle Blanc-Sec (film) The Extraordinary Adventures of Adèle Blanc-Sec ( Les Aventures extraordinaires d'Adèle Blanc-Sec ) , released as Adèle : Rise of the Mummy in Malaysia and Singapore , is a 2010 French fantasy adventure feature film written and directed by Luc Besson . It is loosely based on the comic book series of the same name by Jacques Tardi and , as in the comic , follows the eponymous writer and a number of recurring side characters in a succession of far-fetched incidents in 1910s Paris and beyond , in this episode revolving around parapsychology and ultra-advanced Ancient Egyptian technology , which both pastiche and subvert adventure and speculative fiction of the period . The primarily live-action film , shot in Super 35 , incorporates much use of computer animation to portray its fanciful elements and contemporary action film special and visual effects within the form of the older-style adventure films they have largely superseded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea3cc6152564d1dfb018734d8ef8a36", "text": "Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25b263e092d53861bfa8da55ec57837", "text": "Martin (1978 film) Martin is a 1978 American horror film written and directed by George A. Romero . Romero claims that Martin is the favorite of all his films . The film is also notable as the first collaboration between George Romero and special effects artist Tom Savini . While not prosecuted for obscenity , the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0caa65e8fed29089febe018d71777add", "text": "Thundercrack! Thundercrack ! is a 1975 American pornographic black comedy horror film written , edited , shot , and directed by Curt McDowell and written by George Kuchar based on a story by McDowell and Mark Ellinger . Combining an `` old dark house '' mystery with hardcore sex scenes , Thundercrack ! is more recently regarded as a cult film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "113e92a8d9cd8d935b9451879c89e081", "text": "Secrets of Sex Secrets of Sex ( 1969 , released 1970 ) , also known as Bizarre , is a British film , directed by Antony Balch , an experimental filmmaker and frequent collaborator with William S. Burroughs . The film is narrated by an Egyptian mummy ( voiced by Valentine Dyall ) . After directing the Burroughs-influenced shorts Towers Open Fire ( 1963 ) and The Cut Ups ( 1967 ) , Balch approached producer Richard Gordon in 1968 to direct an anthology film running just over an hour , titled Multiplication . After the script was rewritten to bring the film up to feature length and the budget doubled ( 32,000 pounds ) filming took place over 14 weeks in 1969 . Released in February 1970 , it was a huge success in the UK , running for six months at the Jacey Cinema in Piccadilly Circus alone , during which time it recouped its entire production cost . The film remained in circulation in the UK throughout the 1970s , sometimes appearing in a half hour edited version that played on the second half of double-bills . Five writers are credited with the script , although several other people , including Brion Gysin and Ian Cullen ( writer of Cruel Passion ( 1977 ) and husband of Yvonne Quenet , who plays Mary-Claire in the film ) also claimed to have worked on the writing . Many of the actresses who appear nude in the film , such as Nicole Austin and Maria Frost , were mainly topless models who had begun to get minor acting roles in British sex and horror films of the period . Frost , who plays Lindy Leigh in the film , was so horrified she 'd been given a major role in the film that she reportedly told Balch `` I 'm a model , I ca n't act . '' She had previously appeared in two Harrison Marks shorts , Maria and Scouts Honour . The dinosaur sculptures that feature in the `` Strange Young Man '' segment are the famous Crystal Palace Dinosaurs . Commenting on the film in an unpublished 1975 interview , Balch claimed `` this is a very uneven film , but three episodes and a single shot , are good . I liked the ones with the photographer , Elliot Stein , and the Lady in the Greenhouse . The episode of the monster baby is a bore , but the single shot of it , at the end is brilliant . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
505ade01bd5b2b864e2561092efc3c0a	One World Trade Center has many floors.	[ { "docid": "c8d662e17d05fa16278eba69bc50fc31", "text": "One World Trade Center One World Trade Center ( also known as 1 World Trade Center , 1 WTC or Freedom Tower ) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan , New York City . It is the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere , and the sixth-tallest in the world . The supertall structure has the same name as the North Tower of the original World Trade Center , which was completely destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11 , 2001 . The new skyscraper stands on the northwest corner of the 16 acre World Trade Center site , on the site of the original 6 World Trade Center . The building is bounded by West Street to the west , Vesey Street to the north , Fulton Street to the south , and Washington Street to the east . The building 's architect was David Childs , whose firm Skidmore , Owings & Merrill ( SOM ) also designed the Burj Khalifa and the Willis Tower . The construction of below-ground utility relocations , footings , and foundations for the new building began on April 27 , 2006 . One World Trade Center became the tallest structure in New York City on April 30 , 2012 , when it surpassed the height of the Empire State Building . The tower 's steel structure was topped out on August 30 , 2012 . On May 10 , 2013 , the final component of the skyscraper 's spire was installed , making the building , including its spire , reach a total height of 1776 ft. Its height in feet is a deliberate reference to the year when the United States Declaration of Independence was signed . The building opened on November 3 , 2014 ; the One World Observatory opened on May 29 , 2015 . On March 26 , 2009 , the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ ) confirmed that the building would be officially known by its legal name of `` One World Trade Center '' , rather than its colloquial name of `` Freedom Tower '' . The building is 104 standard floors high , but the tower has only 94 actual stories . The new World Trade Center complex will eventually include five high-rise office buildings built along Greenwich Street , as well as the National September 11 Memorial & Museum , located just south of One World Trade Center where the original Twin Towers stood . The construction of the new building is part of an effort to memorialize and rebuild following the destruction of the original World Trade Center complex .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d22056ed57a1b48d9dde95888c62dc8a", "text": "Home Insurance Plaza Home Insurance Plaza is a 630 ft tall skyscraper in New York City , New York . It was completed in 1966 and has 44 floors . Alfred Easton Poor designed the building , which is the 61st tallest in New York . The building 's plaza had a redevelopment in 1987 by Kohn Pedersen Fox . The plaza is the home of `` Liberty , '' a 75 x 50 foot mural by Julie Harvey ( artist ) . Simple in its concept , it illustrates that New York 's present was built upon the foundations its forefathers placed many years ago . The Statue of Liberty is reflected in the mirrored facade of a skyscraper . Early 19th century New York emerges revealing the cobblestone streets , horses and carriages , gentlemen with top hats , and ships in the seaport . Ms. Harvey has also included the old shipping barrels , lamp posts and even pigs that ran freely around Lower Manhattan . The Liberty Mural was presented to the community as a visual expression of the foundations on which New York was established .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492dd327c38c4ef3c82e977ee94d3de0", "text": "One Court Square One Court Square , also known as the Citigroup Building , is a 50-story 200.5 m office tower in Long Island City , Queens across the East River from Manhattan in New York City . It was completed in 1990 by Skidmore , Owings & Merrill LLP for Citigroup . The tower is the tallest building in New York City ( and State ) outside of Manhattan , and the tallest building on Long Island . WNYZ-LP ( also known as Pulse 87 ) broadcasts from the top of this building . It is not to be mistaken for the Citigroup Center in Manhattan , which is across the street from Citigroup 's former main headquarters at 399 Park Avenue . Both buildings are accessible via subway stations on the IND Queens Boulevard Line ; Citigroup Center is near Lexington Avenue -- 53rd Street , while One Court Square is right above Court Square -- 23rd Street . The building is parodied in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV as the LC24 Tower . __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44acc66673b6296fa08c14489602b25e", "text": "One57 One57 , formerly known as Carnegie 57 and nicknamed `` The Billionaire Building '' , is a 75-story ( marketed as 90-story ) supertall skyscraper at 157 West 57th Street between Sixth and Seventh Avenues in the Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City . Upon completion in 2014 , it stood at 1,005 ft tall , making it the tallest residential building in the city for a few months until the completion of 432 Park Avenue . The building has 92 condominium units on top of a new Park Hyatt Hotel with 210 rooms , which is set to become the flagship Hyatt property . The building 's developer is Extell Development Company , and the contractor was Lend Lease Project Management & Construction , As of January 2015 , it is home to the most expensive residence ever sold in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f2bca5416153729fd025a42e710f4a9", "text": "Commerce Square Commerce Square is a Class-A , high-rise office building complex in Center City Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States . Commerce Square consists of One and Two Commerce Square , two identical 41-story office towers 565 ft high that surround a paved courtyard of 30000 sqft . Architecturally , the granite-clad towers feature setbacks on the north and south sides of the building and are topped with a pair of stone diamonds with cutout squares in the center . The towers were built as part an office-building boom Philadelphia was experiencing on West Market Street in the late 1980s . Designed by IM Pei & Partners ( now called Pei Cobb Freed & Partners ) , the towers were developed in a joint venture between Maguire Thomas Partners and IBM . IBM also leased more than half of One Commerce Square for the company 's Mid-Atlantic headquarters . Construction of the first phase , which included One Commerce Square , the plaza , and retail space , began in 1985 and was completed in 1987 . The project 's second phase , Two Commerce Square , did not begin until a lead tenant was secured for the building in 1990 . Consolidated Rail Corporation ( Conrail ) agreed to be Two Commerce Square 's lead tenant and make the skyscraper its corporate headquarters after a two-year search for office space in the region . Two Commerce Square ended the skyscraper construction boom of the 1980s when it was completed in 1992 . No other office skyscraper was built in Philadelphia until Brandywine Realty Trust ( NYSE : BDN ) built the Cira Centre in 2005 . In the 1990s , Commerce Square 's lead tenants reduced their presence dramatically in the towers . IBM moved some of its operations out of Philadelphia in the early 1990s , and Conrail was bought by Norfolk Southern Railway and CSX Transportation later in the decade . Almost all of Conrail 's operations were moved out of Philadelphia by the 2000s . Commerce Square was praised mainly for its design of two towers surrounding a plaza . Renowned Philadelphia urban planner Edmund N. Bacon praised Commerce Square and its plaza by saying it `` will prove to be one of the finest commercial projects to be built in this century '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d101f7d777f0614f25300f110a031db", "text": "National September 11 Memorial & Museum The National September 11 Memorial & Museum ( also known as the 9/11 Memorial and 9/11 Memorial Museum ) are the principal memorial and museum , respectively . They commemorate the September 11 , 2001 attacks , which killed 2,977 victims , and the World Trade Center bombing of 1993 , which killed six . The memorial is located at the World Trade Center site , the former location of the Twin Towers , which were destroyed during the September 11 attacks . It is operated by a non-profit corporation whose mission is to raise funds for , program , own , and operate the memorial and museum at the World Trade Center site . A memorial was planned in the immediate aftermath of the attacks and destruction of the World Trade Center for the victims including those involved in rescue operations . The winner of the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was Israeli architect Michael Arad of Handel Architects , a New York - and San Francisco-based firm . Arad worked with landscape-architecture firm Peter Walker and Partners on the design , a forest of trees with two square pools in the center where the Twin Towers stood . In August 2006 , the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey began heavy construction on the memorial and museum . The design is consistent with the original Daniel Libeskind master plan , which called for the memorial to be 30 ft below street level -- originally 70 ft -- in a plaza , and was the only finalist to disregard Libeskind 's requirement that the buildings overhang the footprints of the Twin Towers . The World Trade Center Memorial Foundation was renamed the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in 2007 . On September 11 , 2011 , a dedication ceremony commemorating the tenth anniversary of the attacks was held at the memorial . It opened to the public the following day ; the museum was dedicated on May 15 , 2014 and opened on May 21 . Three months after its opening , the memorial had been visited by over a million people . In 2012 , the 9/11 Tribute Center collaborated with the 9/11 Memorial to offer private tours , which are hosted by family members of victims , first responders , and survivors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4dde6fc9c3450a8ade2e47890b025ec", "text": "WTC Wharf WTC Wharf ( formerly the World Trade Centre and WTC Northbank ) is a twelve-storey office complex on the north bank of the Yarra River in Melbourne , Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "767f69b185b5f2962844f784165835f4", "text": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas The city of Las Vegas , Nevada and its surrounding unincorporated communities in the Las Vegas Valley are the sites of more than 160 high-rises , 42 of which stand taller than 400 ft. The tallest structure in the city is the Stratosphere Tower , which rises 1149 ft just north of the Las Vegas Strip . The tower is also the tallest observation tower in the United States . Since the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable , however , it is not considered a building . The tallest building in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which rises 735 ft and was topped out in November 2008 . This building , however , is currently on hold . The tallest completed building in the city is the 52-story Palazzo , which rises 642 ft and was completed in 2007 . The history of skyscrapers in Las Vegas began with the 1954 completion of the Castaways Hotel and Casino in Downtown Las Vegas ; the 216 ft structure stood as the tallest building in the city until 1961 , and was demolished in 2006 . Beginning with the completion of the Diamond of the Dunes Tower in 1961 , high-rise hotels began to become more concentrated on the Las Vegas Strip . The first high-rise hotel and casino resort to rise higher than 492 ft was the 529 ft New York-New York Hotel & Casino , completed in 1997 . Las Vegas entered into a skyscraper-building boom in the late 1990s that has continued to the present ; of the city 's 40 tallest skyscrapers , 39 were completed after 1997 . As of 2012 , the skyline of Las Vegas is ranked 66th in the world and 18th in the United States with 176 completed high-rises . In what is being dubbed a `` Manhattanization wave '' , there are over 30 skyscrapers that are proposed , approved or under construction in the city that are planned to rise over 400 ft in height . The tallest building approved for the city is the World Jewelry Center , which is planned for construction in Downtown Las Vegas . The 815 ft tower is part of a proposal to construct a hub for the world 's jewelry industry , across from World Market Center Las Vegas . The tallest building under construction in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which has also been the tallest building in the city since its topping out in November 2008 ; construction on the building was suspended in mid-2009 and is currently on hold under owner Carl Icahn . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9eff5cd881db0014aa430e785193c3c", "text": "List of tallest buildings in the British Empire and the British Commonwealth The title of tallest building in the British Empire ( later in the Commonwealth ) has been contested since the late nineteenth century . In this era the nations of the British Empire possessed a large measure of cultural unity and naturally looked to each other for comparison and competition . This was evident in the displays at Queen Victoria 's silver and diamond jubilees and in the creation of the British Empire Games in 1930 ( later the Commonwealth Games ) . A similar phenomenon occurred in the world of architecture and civics . Local boosters in cities and regions across the Empire covered the title of `` greatest '' , `` biggest '' , `` largest '' or `` best '' in the Empire . This boosterism was concentrated in Canada where desire to claim the title spurned a race between cities and builders between 1905 and 1931 . In general the boosters focused on commercial buildings , as claiming the title was part of marketing the building to potential renters ( and the city to the wider world ) . They conveniently ignored much taller non-commercial buildings such as St Paul 's Cathedral which stands 111 m and was consecrated in 1708 , or Victoria Tower in the Palace of Westminster which was built in 1855 and measures 98.5 m . The Commonwealth of Nations slowly evolved out of the British Empire over decades , but the 1931 Statute of Westminster is often used as a dividing point . During the twentieth century the title was held primarily by Canadian buildings . Since the 1990s , however Asian buildings have held the title . Height restrictions have much to do with this list . Until the 1960s , London , the capital of the Empire , had especially strict height maxima to preserve the views of historic structures . Until the late 1920 Montreal limited all buildings to a maximum of 10 stories , and it still limits buildings to less than the sea-level elevation of Mont Royal . Since 1989 Vancouver restricted buildings from blocking the North Shore Mountains , creating a practical upper limit of around 137 meters , until 1997 when seven sites were pre-selected for taller buildings as exceptions to the rule . Singapore limits all buildings to below 280 meters because of the proximity of Singapore Changi Airport . The International Commerce Centre in Hong Kong is not included because it was built after Hong Kong left the Commonwealth . The list also excludes Toronto 's CN Tower as there is debate as to whether it is technically a building , or just a structure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c801ad977eeb6a72983438e914752ab6", "text": "List of tallest buildings in Detroit This list of tallest buildings in Detroit ranks skyscrapers and high rises in the U.S. city of Detroit , Michigan by height . The tallest skyscraper in Detroit is the 73-story Detroit Marriott at the Renaissance Center , which rises 727 ft along Detroit 's International Riverfront . It is the tallest building in the state of Michigan , the 97th-tallest building in the United States , and the second tallest hotel building in the Western Hemisphere . Another famous skyscraper is One Detroit Center , which stands as the 2nd-tallest building in the city and the state . Detroit 's history of skyscrapers began in 1889 , with completion of the historic 10-story Hammond Building -- considered the city 's first steel-framed skyscraper . The Qube in the Detroit Financial District now stands on this site . Detroit witnessed a massive building boom during the Roaring Twenties , resulting in the construction of many of the city 's ornate skyscrapers , including the Penobscot , Guardian , Fisher , Buhl , Stott , and Broderick . One Woodward Avenue , which rises 430 ft , was the tallest building constructed in the city during the 1960s . Detroit is the site of eight skyscrapers at least 492 ft in height and twenty-seven at least 327 ft in height . Overall , the skyline of Detroit is ranked ( based upon existing and under construction buildings over 492 ft ) third in the Midwestern United States ( after Chicago and Minneapolis ) and sixteenth in the United States , after New York City , Chicago , Miami , Houston , Los Angeles , Dallas , Atlanta , San Francisco , Boston , Las Vegas , Seattle , Philadelphia , Pittsburgh , Jersey City , and Minneapolis . The most recently constructed skyscrapers in the city are One Detroit Center , completed in 1993 , and the Greektown Casino Hotel , completed in 2009 . The latter rises 348 ft and contains 30 floors . The city has received many significant restoration projects , which include the 29 story Westin Book Cadillac Hotel ; originally built in 1924 and restored in 2008 , it rises 349 ft. __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb251b929dac1469923ca6ec3e5d8ea7", "text": "International Freedom Center The International Freedom Center ( IFC ) was a proposed museum to be located adjacent to the site of Ground Zero at the former World Trade Center in New York City , USA . It was selected in 2004 to comprise a `` cultural space '' near to the memorial for victims of the September 11 attacks , called Reflecting Absence . However , opponents reacted against the IFC 's mission , saying that plans to promote international freedom through exhibits and displays about various genocides and crimes against humanity through history , including genocide of Native American and the slave trade in the United States , were inappropriate at a site that many people consider to be sacred . On September 28 , 2005 , New York Governor George E. Pataki barred the IFC from the World Trade Center site . '' George Soros , Tom Bernstein , Anthony Romero , and Eric Foner were promoters of the IFC . Within an hour of being barred from the WTC site , the IFC museum declared itself to be out of business , making no effort to find a new location . `` We do not believe there is a viable alternative place for the I.F.C. at the World Trade Center site , '' said the statement from the center 's executives , Tom Bernstein , Peter Kunhardt and Richard Tofel . `` We consider our work , therefore , to have been brought to an end . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cb2a7f8d032c99a78a9dc3a1f7dc097", "text": "Dubai World Trade Centre The Dubai World Trade Centre ( DWTC ) , was inaugurated in 1979 . It is a purpose-built complex for events and exhibitions . The building is featured on the 100 Dirham bank note . With over 1.3 million square feet of covered exhibition and event space , comprising 21 halls and over 40 meeting rooms across 3 floors , Dubai World Trade Centre hosts over 500 events annually . In 2015 , the venue held 396 trade events and welcomed over 2.74 million visitors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62d2ddf5aa1fe06318ee4fd80625c0fc", "text": "Silver Towers The Silver Towers are twin residential buildings in the Hell 's Kitchen ( also referred to as Clinton ) neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City . The 60-story buildings stand on the west side of Eleventh Avenue between 41st Street and 42nd Street near the Hudson River and contain 1,359 units . The project includes a 75 ft pool , the largest in a New York City residential building , as well as a quarter-acre public park on the west side of the towers . The Silver Towers were completed in June 2009 . Larry Silverstein , who developed the buildings , bought the block between 42nd and 41st Streets between 11th and 12th Avenues in 1984 for $ 20 million . At the time , the site was vacant and zoned for single story industrial use . The block was rezoned in 1989 , and One River Place , a 41-story residential high-rise on the west end opened in 2000 . In 2000 , Silverstein contemplated developing an office building on the east end of the block . A few years later , the site was considered as the location for a 1,500-room hotel as part of the plans to expand the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center . Costas Kondylis is the architect for the Silver Towers , who also designed One River Place . The original design called for a single large residential building ( Two River Place ) like its neighbor on the west end of the block . However , it was changed to two buildings to make the halls feel more intimate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93b4fd3401dac57df784d9c8f8e20700", "text": "List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia Philadelphia , the largest city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania , is home to 389 completed high-rises , 32 of which stand taller than 400 ft. The tallest building in the city is currently the 58-story Comcast Center , which rises 975 ft in Center City . Comcast Center is also the tallest building in Pennsylvania and the 20th-tallest building in the United States . The second-tallest building is One Liberty Place , which rises 61 floors and 945 ft. One Liberty Place stood as the tallest building in Pennsylvania for over 20 years until the completion of Comcast Center in 2008 . Overall , seven of the ten tallest buildings in Pennsylvania are in Philadelphia , with the remainder being in Pittsburgh . Philadelphia is one of only five American cities with two or more completed buildings over 900 ft tall . Philadelphia 's history of tall buildings is generally thought to have begun with the 1754 addition of the steeple to Christ Church , which was one of America 's first high-rise structures . Through most of the 20th century , a `` gentlemen 's agreement '' prevented buildings from rising higher than the 548-ft ( 167-m ) Philadelphia City Hall . Despite this , Philadelphia amassed a large collection of high-rise buildings . The completion of One Liberty Place in 1987 broke the agreement , and Philadelphia has since seen the construction of eight skyscrapers that eclipse City Hall in height . Philadelphia has twice held the tallest habitable building in North America , first with Christ Church , then with City Hall . The latter reigned as the world 's tallest building from 1894 to 1908 , and is currently the world 's second-tallest masonry building , only 1.6 ft shorter than Mole Antonelliana in Turin . Like other large American cities , Philadelphia went through a massive building boom in the 1970s and 1980s , resulting in the completion of over 20 high-rise buildings . , there are several major high-rise construction projects underway in Philadelphia . The largest of these projects is the Comcast Innovation and Technology Center , which began construction in 2014 and will rise 1121 ft upon completion . The Comcast Innovation and Technology Center will surpass Comcast Center by over 100 ft to become the tallest skyscraper in Pennsylvania and the tallest building in the country outside of New York and Chicago . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dafaacc4d7a4834dee15de2fe4c8ad7", "text": "One Capital Center One Capital Center is a high rise building in Boise , Idaho . It is located at 999 Main St. The building has 14 floors and is 206 feet tall and was completed in 1975 by Mountain Bell . From 1975 to 1978 it was the tallest building in the city of Boise and the state of Idaho , but now it is the second tallest building in Boise . Billionaire J. R. Simplot ( 1909-2008 ) had an office on the top floor of this building . In April 2009 , a webcam was set up to view a pair of peregrine falcons incubating four eggs in a nest on the fourteenth floor of the One Capital Center Building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9fa4abbec4c7f507ea56f591ffb8ddc", "text": "Congressional office buildings The congressional office buildings are the office buildings used by the United States Congress to augment the limited space in the United States Capitol . The congressional office buildings are part of the Capitol Complex are thus under the authority of the Architect of the Capitol and protected by the United States Capitol Police . The office buildings house the individual offices of each U.S. Representative and Senator as well as committee hearing rooms , staff rooms , multiple cafeterias , and areas for support , committee , and maintenance staff . The congressional office buildings are connected to the Capitol by means of several underground trains -- the Capitol Subway System . Congressional pages are responsible for carrying packages and messages from the two chambers to the buildings . The three Senate office buildings are along Constitution Avenue north of the Capitol : Russell Senate Office Building ( RSOB , completed 1908 ) Dirksen Senate Office Building ( DSOB , completed 1958 ) Hart Senate Office Building ( HSOB , completed 1982 ) The three House office buildings are along Independence Avenue south of the Capitol : Cannon House Office Building ( CHOB , completed 1908 ) Longworth House Office Building ( LHOB , completed 1933 ) Rayburn House Office Building ( RHOB , completed 1965 ) A fourth building , the Ford House Office Building , which used to house the FBI 's fingerprint records , sits a few blocks southwest of the others . A fifth building , the O'Neill House Office Building ( previously known as `` House Annex-1 '' ) was named after former Speaker of the House Thomas `` Tip '' O'Neill . It was demolished in 2002 . The U.S. Capitol Complex also includes a Page Residence Hall and the Capitol Power Plant , both on the House side of the Capitol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4233c9893827097ade021369f2b240b6", "text": "Construction of One World Trade Center Construction of One World Trade Center was deferred until 2006 because of disputes between the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the developer . Tishman Realty & Construction is the selected builder . The building reached ground level on May 17 , 2008 , and was topped out on May 10 , 2013 . One World Trade Center opened to tenants on November 3 , 2014 , and One World Observatory opened to the public on May 29 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a060e49ba5858f793c7fd5be1beffa9", "text": "Majestic Building (Detroit) The Majestic Building was a high-rise building located at 1001 Woodward Avenue in Downtown Detroit , Michigan . The building was constructed in 1896 for the Mabley and Company department store chain and was the city 's second skyscraper , following the completion of the Hammond Building . It contained 14 stories and stood at 68 m in height . This building was designed in the Beaux-Arts style by Daniel H. Burnham & Company , and faced with terra cotta . The final construction cost of the building was $ 1,000,000 . This was Detroit 's tallest building , from its completion in 1896 until 1909 , when it was overtaken by the Ford Building . Unfortunately , C. R. Mabley died before the building 's completion and new owners used it solely as an office block . It was purportedly renamed the Majestic building to conform with the letter `` M '' ( for Mabley ) carved in numerous places in its façade . The Majestic Building was hailed as a `` fireproof skyscraper '' and this claim was proven in 1915 when a fire broke out on the top floor and burned for two hours . The fire never spread to other floors and never endangered the building 's supporting structure . Beginning in 1907 , the Majestic Building housed offices and a roof-top observation deck for the United States Weather Bureau for science and meteorologists performing weather observations . This observation deck offered unobstructed views for up to 12 miles in any direction , and was open to the public for a dime admission . The Detroit News engaged `` The Human Fly '' Harry H. Gardiner to scale the building 's exterior in 1916 as a promotional stunt . The event was scheduled for the noon lunch hour and attracted such a large crowd , that traffic and streetcars on Woodward Avenue came to a halt . The building was demolished in 1962 , to make way for the First Federal Building , which was finished in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32f7de5f6e58a8bf2d798202cea1bf13", "text": "Pirelli Tower Pirelli Tower ( Italian : Grattacielo Pirelli -- also called `` Pirellone '' , literally `` Big Pirelli '' ) , is a 32-storey , 124.1 m skyscraper in Milan , Italy . The base of the building is 1900 m2 , with a length of 75.5 m and a width of 20.5 m . The construction used about 30000 m3 of concrete . The building weighs about 70000 t with a volume of 125324 m3 . Characterized by a structural skeleton , curtain wall façades and tapered sides , it was among the first skyscrapers to abandon the customary block form . From its completion to 1995 it was the tallest building in Italy . The architectural historian Hasan-Uddin Khan praised it as `` one of the most elegant tall buildings in the world '' and as one of the `` few tall European buildings -LSB- that made -RSB- statements that added to the vocabulary of the skyscraper '' . Pirelli building was the inspiration for the design of the Pan Am Building ( now MetLife Building ) in New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef4930d4655df40755c7633fc18f7d62", "text": "10048 (ZIP code) 10048 was the ZIP code assigned to the original World Trade Center complex in New York City . It was discontinued following the September 11 attacks in 2001 . Years afterward , mail continues to be sent to 10048 by senders who have not updated their mailing lists . The ZIP code is being kept active by the United States Postal Service ( USPS ) . It has not been assigned to 1 World Trade Center and other buildings planned for the World Trade Center site , which use the ZIP code 10007 instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24e0985b6e1a65e6f8f9ee3e9c1ded35", "text": "Warsaw Financial Center Warsaw Financial Center is a skyscraper in Warsaw with a height of 165 m topped with an antenna mast which is nearly 20 m. The building was constructed to comply with all applicable building codes of the United States , including an emergency generator that provides power for all Life Safety Systems including fire alarm systems , HVAC fire support systems , the building 's fire pump , elevators and emergency egress lighting , and its own water tanks ( with a capacity of about 600000 l ) for the production of safe drinking water . Warsaw Financial Center was designed by renowned U.S. architecture firms , A. Epstein & Sons International and Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates , in cooperation with Polish architects , who were inspired by the 333 Wacker Drive building in Chicago . The building has a six floor parking lot for 350 cars . The ground floor houses a Bank Pekao branch and a Starbucks coffee shop . There are floors dedicated to office space that are air-conditioned and equipped with satellite connection and internet . The building incorporates 16 elevators and is fully handicapped-accessible . The total leasable space in the Warsaw Financial Center amounts to 50,000 square metres . Each floor offers 1,900 mkw . A + class office space , 2.75 m tall . The Warsaw Financial Center was designed by the American skyscraper design studio of A. Epstein & Sons International and Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates , in cooperation with Polish architects . The main contractor for the tower was PORR International AG , who have also built the Warsaw Sheraton and the Stock Exchange building . Construction lasted from 1997 to 1998 . As of the end of 2012 , Warsaw Financial Center is owned by a consortium formed by Allianz Real Estate and Curzon Capital Partners III , an investment fund managed by Tristan Capital Partners .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e5329f3937b28db0106799f548a8b57d	Luxembourg is the world's only remaining fast food chain.	[ { "docid": "c238db75ad00e9ee2722a3d999c7dcfa", "text": "Luxembourg Luxembourg -LSB- ˈlətsəbuərx -RSB- Luxemburg ) , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe . It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north , Germany to the east , and France to the south . Its capital , Luxembourg City , is , together with Brussels and Strasbourg , one of the three official capitals of the European Union and the seat of the European Court of Justice , the highest juridical authority in the EU . Its culture , people and languages are highly intertwined with its neighbours , making it essentially a mixture of French and Germanic cultures . This is emphasised by the three official languages , Luxembourgish , French , and German . The repeated invasions by its neighbor countries , especially in World War II , resulted in the country 's strong will for mediation between France and Germany and , among other things , led to the foundation of the European Union . With an area of 2,586 km2 , it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe , about the same size as the US state of Rhode Island or the English county of Northamptonshire . In 2016 , Luxembourg had a population of 576 249 , which makes it one of the least-populous countries in Europe , but by far the one with the highest population growth rate . As a representative democracy with a constitutional monarch , it is headed by a Grand Duke , Henri , Grand Duke of Luxembourg , and is the world 's only remaining grand duchy . Luxembourg is a developed country , with an advanced economy and the world 's highest GDP ( PPP ) per capita , according to the United Nations in 2014 . The City of Luxembourg with its old quarters and fortifications was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of the vast fortifications and the old city . The history of Luxembourg is considered to begin in 963 , when count Siegfried I acquired a rocky promontory and its Roman-era fortifications known as Lucilinburhuc , ′ little castle ′ , and the surrounding area from the Imperial Abbey of St. Maximin in nearby Trier . Siegfried 's descendants increased their territory through marriage , war and vassal relations . At the end of the 13th century , the Counts of Luxembourg reigned over a considerable territory . In 1308 , Henry VII , Count of Luxembourg became King of the Germans and Holy Roman Emperor . The House of Luxembourg produced four Holy Roman Emperors at the high time of the Middle Ages . In 1354 , Charles IV elevated the County to the Duchy of Luxembourg . Since Sigismund had no male heir , the Duchy became part of the Burgundian Circle and then one of the Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands . Over the centuries , the City and Fortress of Luxembourg , of great strategic importance situated between the Kingdom of France and the Habsburg territories , was gradually built up to be one of the most reputed fortifications in Europe . After belonging to both the France of Louis XIV and the Austria of Maria Theresia , Luxembourg became part of the First French Republic and Empire under Napoleon . The present-day state of Luxembourg first emerged at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 . The Grand-Duchy , with its powerful fortress , became an independent state under the personal possession of William I of the Netherlands with a Prussian garrison to guard the city against another invasion from France . In 1839 , following the turmoil of the Belgian Revolution , the purely French-speaking part of Luxembourg was ceded to Belgium and the Luxembourgish-speaking part became what is the present state of Luxembourg . The steel industry exploiting the Red Lands ' rich iron-ore grounds in the beginning of the 20th century drove the country 's industrialisation . ArcelorMittal , the world 's largest steel producer with headquarters in Luxembourg City , is still a reminder of these times . After the decline of the steel industry in the 1970s , the country focused on establishing itself as a global financial centre and developed into the banking hub it is reputed for . Since the beginning of the 21st century , its governments have focused on developing the country into a knowledge economy , with the founding of the University of Luxembourg and a national space programme , projecting the first involvement in a non-manned lunar expedition by 2020 . Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union , OECD , United Nations , NATO , and Benelux , reflecting its political consensus in favour of economic , political , and military integration . The city of Luxembourg , which is the country 's capital and largest city , is the seat of several institutions and agencies of the EU . Luxembourg served on the United Nations Security Council for the years 2013 and 2014 , which was a first in the country 's history . In 2016 Luxembourgish citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 172 countries and territories , ranking the Luxembourgian passport 6th in the world , tied with countries such as Canada and Switzerland .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e6a03dbbe5ac15f5dc6ba5870f33f262", "text": "Bertolli Bertolli is an Italian food brand . Originating as a brand of extra-virgin olive oil , it grew into an international brand of Italian and Mediterranean food . The company was founded by Francesco Bertolli in 1865 , in Lucca , Tuscany . The company was bought by Unilever . Bertolli is known for its olive oil , in which it was the global market leader , but has now widened its range to include pasta sauces and ready meals . In 2008 , Unilever sold the olive oil business to Grupo SOS ( currently Grupo Deoleo ) , Spain 's second-largest food group , for # 500m as part of its disposal of non-core businesses . The transaction included the sale of the Italian Maya , Dante , and San Giorgio olive oil and seed oil businesses , as well as the factory at Inveruno , Province of Milan , Lombardy . Unilever retained the Bertolli brand for all other categories including margarine , pasta sauces , and frozen meals . The frozen foods business under the Bertolli brand name was sold by Unilever to ConAgra Foods in August 2012 . On May 22 , 2014 , Unilever agreed to sell its North American pasta sauce business under the Ragu and Bertolli brands to the Mizkan Group of Japan for $ 2.15 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d636381654e0f72a8be075b1b90ab7d", "text": "Rimi (Norway) RIMI was a grocery store chain in Norway . The discount supermarket is best known for it slogan , `` Everyday low prices '' ( Faste lave priser ) . The supermarket business can trace itself back to 1977 . It was founded as the discount grocery store chain RIMI 500 by Norwegian businessman Stein Erik Hagen . Starting in 1992 , Hagen sold an interest in the chain to the Swedish group , ICA AB . In 1998 , Hagen and ICA reached an agreement to sell a half interest in the business to the Netherlands based group , Koninklijke Ahold N.V. . In 2004 , Hagen sold his remaining interest in RIMI . From 2004 to 2014 , RIMI was owned and operated by ICA Norge . In 2012 , Ahold sold its share of ICA Norge to ICA AB , leaving Rimi under fully swedish ownership . After years of heavy losses and multiple attempts to rebrand itself , ICA AB sold all its shares in ICA Norge to Coop Norge . The new owners soon decided to discontinue RIMI , and have started a program to convert all Rimi stores to their own retail concepts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4cb5611a1e29b64eaccea9856f9efb3", "text": "Yonghe King Yonghe King is a Chinese fast-food restaurant that specializes in noodles . The headquarters are on the fourth floor of Building B of the Rainbow Hongqiao Centre in Minhang District , Shanghai . Yonghe Dawang opened its first restaurant in Shanghai on December 12 , 1995 . Today Yonghe has branches throughout China , with over 70 restaurants in major Chinese cities including Shanghai , Beijing , Shenzhen , Hangzhou , Jinan , and Suzhou . In 2004 , Yonghe King merged with one of the largest fast-food chain in the Philippines , Jollibee , which is owned by Chinese Filipino Mr. Tony Tan Caktiong . The original logo of the chain was that of a smiling face against a red background , which was strikingly similar to the Colonel Sanders logo used by KFC . The Associated Press stated that the former logo was `` a smiling , grandfatherly Chinese man '' . In 2005 the chain changed its logo to that of a steaming bowl of soup . Other Chinese restaurant chains also use the word `` Yonghe '' in their titles , including Yonghe Dou-jiang ( Chinese word for Soy milk ) , a famous breakfast orientated Soy Milk chain from Taiwan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8857a9c975ad7af2d814f53d0f7c87d8", "text": "Burger King Burger King ( BK ) is an American global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants . Headquartered in the unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County , Florida , the company was founded in 1953 as InstaBurger King , a Jacksonville , Florida-based restaurant chain . After Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties in 1954 , its two Miami-based franchisees David Edgerton and James McLamore purchased the company and renamed it `` Burger King '' . Over the next half-century , the company would change hands four times , with its third set of owners , a partnership of TPG Capital , Bain Capital , and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners , taking it public in 2002 . In late 2010 , 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in the company , in a deal valued at US$ 3.26 billion . The new owners promptly initiated a restructuring of the company to reverse its fortunes . 3G , along with partner Berkshire Hathaway , eventually merged the company with the Canadian-based doughnut chain Tim Hortons , under the auspices of a new Canadian-based parent company named Restaurant Brands International . The 1970s were the `` Golden Age '' of the company 's advertising , but beginning in the early-1980s , Burger King advertising began losing focus . A series of less successful advertising campaigns created by a procession of advertising agencies continued for the next two decades . In 2003 , Burger King hired the Miami-based advertising agency Crispin Porter + Bogusky ( CP+B ) , who completely reorganized its advertising with a series of new campaigns centered on a redesigned Burger King character nicknamed `` The King '' , accompanied by a new online presence . While highly successful , some of CP+B 's commercials were derided for perceived sexism or cultural insensitivity . Burger King 's new owner , 3G Capital , later terminated the relationship with CP+B in 2011 and moved its advertising to McGarryBowen , to begin a new product-oriented campaign with expanded demographic targeting . Burger King 's menu has expanded from a basic offering of burgers , French fries , sodas , and milkshakes to a larger and more diverse set of products . In 1957 , the `` Whopper '' became the first major addition to the menu , and it has become Burger King 's signature product since . Conversely , BK has introduced many products , which failed to catch hold in the marketplace . Some of these failures in the United States have seen success in foreign markets , where BK has also tailored its menu for regional tastes . From 2002 to 2010 , Burger King aggressively targeted the 18 -- 34 male demographic with larger products that often carried correspondingly large amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats . This tactic would eventually damage the company 's financial underpinnings , and cast a negative pall on its earnings . Beginning in 2011 , the company began to move away from its previous male-oriented menu and introduce new menu items , product reformulations and packaging , as part of its current owner 3G Capital 's restructuring plans of the company . As of December 31 , 2016 , Burger King reported it had 15,738 outlets in 100 countries . Of these , 47.5 % are in the United States and 99.5 % are privately owned and operated , with its new owners moving to an almost entirely franchised model in 2013 . BK has historically used several variations of franchising to expand its operations . The manner in which the company licenses its franchisees varies depending on the region , with some regional franchises , known as master franchises , responsible for selling franchise sub-licenses on the company 's behalf . Burger King 's relationship with its franchises has not always been harmonious . Occasional spats between the two have caused numerous issues , and in several instances , the company 's and its licensees ' relations have degenerated into precedent-setting court cases . Burger King 's Australian franchise Hungry Jack 's is the only franchise to operate under a different name , due to a trademark dispute and a series of legal cases between the two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43d29a31b7c6ef36ee1f7a2bf676a631", "text": "Esch-sur-Alzette Esch-sur-Alzette ( Esch-Uelzecht -LSB- ˈæʃ ˈuə̯lt͡səɕt -RSB- , Esch-an-der-Alzette or Esch-an-der-Alzig , Esch-sur-Alzette ) is a commune with town status in south-western Luxembourg . It is the country 's second `` city '' , and its second-most populous commune , with a population of 33,286 inhabitants . It lies in the south-west of the country , on the border with France and in the valley of the Alzette , which flows through the town . The town is usually referred to as just Esch ; however , the full name distinguishes it from the village and commune of Esch-sur-Sûre which lies 45 km further north . The country 's capital , Luxembourg city , is roughly 15 km to the north-east .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a8b158795aa0b12da5a02521d2a1e5a", "text": "Luxembourg School of Business Luxembourg School of Business , LSB , is a business school that offers MBA programs and Executive Education in Luxembourg . Accredited as a training provider inside the Lifelong Learning initiative of the `` L'Institut national pour le développement de la formation professionnelle continue '' of Luxembourg . LSB offers multiple executive programs for international business professionals : Weekend Part Time MBA Full Time MBA Executive Education , ranging from Certificate programs to Customised programs", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca2dd02cadc4694bcc8696e2b3dfa6ee", "text": "Luxembourg Confederation of Christian Trade Unions The Luxembourg Confederation of Christian Trade Unions ( Lëtzebuerger Chrëschtleche Gewerkschaftsbond , Confédération Luxembourgeoise des Syndicats Chrétiens ) , abbreviated to LCGB , is a Luxembourgish trade union confederation . As the LCGB abides by the principles of Christian social teachings . This is also illustrated by the trade union 's motto : Man at the Center of our action . By membership , the LCGB is the second-largest trade union federation in the country , with a little over 40,000 members . The LCGB has its headquarters not far from the central trainway station in Luxembourg-City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fa41599094d9504f35aa77319920121", "text": "Luxembourgish Luxembourgish , Luxemburgish ( -LSB- ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːrɡᵻʃ -RSB- ) or Letzeburgesch ( -LSB- ˌlɛtsəbɜːrˈɡɛʃ , _ ˌlɛtsbɜːr - -RSB- or -LSB- ˈlɛtsəˌbɜːrɡᵻʃ , _ ˈlɛtsˌbɜːr - -RSB- ) ( Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuergesch ) is a West Germanic language that is spoken mainly in Luxembourg . Worldwide , about 390,000 people speak Luxembourgish . . While it could be considered a standardized variety ( i.e. , a dialect with a written form ) of German , its official use in the state of Luxembourg and the existence of a separate regulatory body has removed Luxembourgish , at least in part , from the domain of the Dachsprache Standard German . Despite the lack of a sharp boundary between Luxembourgish and the neighboring German dialects , this has led several linguists ( from Luxembourg as well as Germany ) to regard it as a separate , yet closely related language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53ab370ead23b009b8218af204d235f0", "text": "Chicken tax The chicken tax is a 25 % tariff on potato starch , dextrin , brandy , and light trucks imposed in 1963 by the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson in response to tariffs placed by France and West Germany on importation of U.S. chicken . The period from 1961 -- 1964 of tensions and negotiations surrounding the issue was known as the `` Chicken War , '' taking place at the height of Cold War politics . Eventually , the tariffs on potato starch , dextrin , and brandy were lifted , but over the next 48 years the light truck tax ossified , remaining in place to protect U.S. domestic automakers from foreign competition ( e.g. , from Japan and Thailand ) . Though concern remains about its repeal , a 2003 Cato Institute study called the tariff `` a policy in search of a rationale . '' As an unintended consequence several importers of light trucks have circumvented the tariff via loopholes -- including Ford ( ostensibly a company that the tax was designed to protect ) , which imported the Transit Connect light trucks as `` passenger vehicles '' to the U.S. from Turkey and immediately strips and shreds portions of their interiors , such as installed rear seats , in a warehouse outside Baltimore -- and Mercedes , which imported complete vans built in Germany , `` disassembled them and shipped the pieces to South Carolina , where American workers put them back together in a small kit assembly building . '' The resulting vehicles emerge as locally manufactured , free from the tariff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "203506b93a6a998af95a5dd05072c768", "text": "Brasserie de Luxembourg Brasserie de Luxembourg is the second largest brewery in Luxembourg , based in Diekirch . They also export to Belgium . They brew beer under the brand name Diekirch and Mousel . The Brasserie de Luxembourg was born in 2000 from the fusion of two breweries : The Brasserie Diekirch , founded in 1871 , and the Brasserie Mousel founded in 1825 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d9e202373959de3cd8294a016582ee9", "text": "List of defunct fast-food restaurant chains This is a list of defunct fast-food chains . A restaurant chain is a set of related restaurants with the same name in many different locations that are either under shared corporate ownership ( e.g. , McDonald 's in the U.S. ) or franchising agreements . Typically , the restaurants within a chain are built to a standard format through architectural prototype development and offer a standard menu and/or services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a1637f270c5e40c72973e9aa3d45f13", "text": "Kwik Way The original Kwik Way fast food restaurant chain , based in Oakland , California , began at 63rd & E 14th in 1952 . Owned by partners Lehman & Mahoney , they followed with a Kwik Way at 22nd & Telegraph , in 1954 , followed with a 3rd restaurant , the Grand Lake Drive In , at 500 Lake Park in 1956 . All three restaurants were identical in operation in their heyday , and run under common ownership . When partners Lehman & Mahoney retired from active management , each restaurant sold to the then current managers , thereby forever ending the famous Oakland chain . Only one location remains : The Grand Lake Drive In became Kwik Way , a revival of name only . That restaurant near the Grand Lake Theater was later owned by Alex and Charles Hahn , and has been cleaned up and relaunched by Gary Rizzo . Not to be confused with the long gone original Kwik Way , the later restaurants became notorious . `` Complaints have included greasy food , bad service , unsanitary conditions , and complaints from neighbors about the late-night crowd it attracted . But the kicker came in 1981 when an unsuspecting customer discovered a fried dead mouse in her order . '' Her claims , however , were never substantiated . Kwik Way gave its name to one of Oakland 's only Hardcore bands Kwik Way and was featured in the Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen award-winning music video for their tune `` Two Triple Cheese , Side Order of Fries '' . Famous Oaklander Frank Oz used to `` live on it '' , but fitting with Kwik Way 's reputation , he also said , `` I ca n't believe I did n't die from it . I do n't know how I survived because that 's where we went . '' The last remaining Kwik Way was in negotiations for being turned into a Fatburger and a McDonald 's in 2005 which was met with protest . The negotiations fizzled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9ee16913157fc69e76424b0fd656d7e", "text": "Diekirch Diekirch ( Dikrech -LSB- ˈdiːkʀæɕ -RSB- ; from Diet-Kirch , i.e. `` people 's church '' ) is a commune with town status in north-eastern Luxembourg , capital city of the canton Diekirch and the district of Diekirch . The town is situated on the banks of the Sauer river . The town 's heraldic shield , showing a crowned lion on a castle , was granted in 1988 . It is based on the town 's 14th century seal and arms . , the town of Diekirch itself , which lies in the south of the commune , has a population of 6,068 . Diekirch was the first town in Luxembourg to have a pedestrian zone , in 1977 . Diekirch is home to a brewery of national importance carrying the town 's name . Three secondary schools are located in Diekirch : Lycée classique de Diekirch , Lycée technique hôtelier Alexis Heck and Nordstadlycée . The town is home to the national operational headquarters of the Luxembourgish Army at the Haerebierg Military Centre ( located on the hill Herrenberg ) and the National Museum of Military History , reflecting Diekirch 's pivotal role in the famous Battle of the Bulge , called by the Germans Rundstedt-Offensive , a major battle of World War II . It was here that the river Sauer was crossed on the night of January 18 , 1945 , by the US 5th Infantry division . The town is also the seat of one of the six regional headquarters of the Grand Ducal Police and of one of the two judicial districts of Luxembourg . As far as sports events are concerned , Diekirch has gained a reputation for its annual cross country running competition -- the Eurocross -- which is an IAAF permit meeting and attracts world-class runners , with Gabriela Szabo and Irina Mikitenko among its past winners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37f55cc3c910b9d73413ecaf84b297fb", "text": "Berchem, Luxembourg Berchem is a small town in the commune of Roeser , in southern Luxembourg . , the town has a population of 892 . It is notable for being the nearest settlement to one of the world 's largest retail petrol stations . Category : Roeser Category : Towns in Luxembourg", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81143d511d8fd6fe9c32580b247413d8", "text": "IKEA IKEA ( -LSB- aɪˈkiːə -RSB- or -LSB- ɪˈkiːə -RSB- Swedish ) , is a multinational group , headquartered in the Netherlands , that designs and sells , kitchen appliances and home accessories . It has been the world 's largest furniture retailer since at least 2008 . Founded in Sweden in 1943 by then-17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad , who was listed by Forbes Magazine ( in its 2 November , 2015 issue ) as one of the ten richest people in the world and the owner of a more than 40 billion dollar fortune , the company 's name is an acronym that consists of the initials of Ingvar Kamprad ( name of founder ) , Elmtaryd ( the farm where he grew up ) , and Agunnaryd ( his hometown in Småland , southern Sweden ) . The company is known for its modernist designs for various types of appliances and furniture , and its interior design work is often associated with an eco-friendly simplicity . In addition , the firm is known for its attention to cost control , operational details , and continuous product development , corporate attributes that allowed IKEA to lower its prices by an average of two to three percent over the decade to 2010 during a period of global expansion . The IKEA group has a complex corporate structure , which the European Union has alleged was designed to avoid over 1 billion Euros in tax payments over the 2009-2014 period . It is controlled by several foundations based in the Netherlands , Luxembourg and Liechtenstein . As of December 2016 , IKEA owns and operates 392 stores in 48 countries . In fiscal year 2016 , $ 36.4 billion worth of goods were sold , a total that represented a 7.6 percent increase over 2015 . The IKEA website contains about 12,000 products and is the closest representation of the entire IKEA range . There were over 2.1 billion visitors to IKEA 's websites in the year from September 2015 to August 2016 . The company is responsible for approximately 1 % of world commercial-product wood consumption , making it one of the largest users of wood in the retail sector .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fe333eb5df77f4f21d656f8b246ad78", "text": "Merck Group The Merck Group , branded and commonly known as Merck , is a German multinational chemical , pharmaceutical and life sciences company headquartered in Darmstadt , with around 50,000 employees in around 70 countries . Merck was founded in 1668 and is the world 's oldest operating chemical and pharmaceutical company , as well as one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world . Merck operates in Europe , Africa , Asia , Oceania and the Americas . It has major research and development centres in Darmstadt , Boston , Tokyo and Beijing . Merck pioneered the commercial manufacture of morphine in the 19th century and for a time held a virtual monopoly on cocaine . Merck was privately owned until going public on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 1995 , and is listed on the DAX index of Germany 's top companies . The Merck family still controls a majority 70.3 % of the company 's shares . The Merck Group includes around 250 companies in 180 countries ; the current main parent company of the group , since 1995 , is named Merck KGaA , and is itself mainly owned by the former main parent company , E. Merck oHG , which now operates as a holding company . The American pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. was established as a subsidiary of Merck in 1891 , but was nationalized by the United States in 1917 , before being privatized again . It is known as MSD ( Merck Sharp and Dohme ) outside of North America . The original Merck of Darmstadt holds the rights to the name Merck in all countries except the U.S. and Canada , where it is known as EMD ( Emanuel Merck , Darmstadt ) . In 2015 Merck adopted a new uniform brand identity for all its subsidiaries , and the company has stressed its intention to protect the brand of `` the real Merck '' globally and initiated litigation against its former subsidiary over use of the name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cb9e88fbb882cbf48eb1bf08061c1ee", "text": "Baconator The Baconator sandwich is a hamburger sold by the international fast-food restaurant chain Wendy 's .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c74c68486a1d83af7cd3a630d19e36f2", "text": "Burger Machine Burger Machine Holdings Corporation , more commonly known as Burger Machine , is one of the notable fastfood companies in the Philippines . It is a sub-company of the Gilmore Food Corporation . Unlike Jollibee and other burger chains , Burger Machine has always been retailing in outdoor stands instead of shops .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4f459e316b698bd46c9b05f29357aca", "text": "Lidl Lidl Stiftung & Co. . KG ( -LSB- ˈliːdl̩ -RSB- ; -LSB- ˈlɪdəl -RSB- ) , formerly Schwarz Unternehmenstreuhand KG , is a German global discount supermarket chain , based in Neckarsulm , Germany , that operates over 10,000 stores across Europe and expanded to the United States in 2017 . It belongs to the holding company Schwarz Gruppe , which also owns the store chains Handelshof and hypermarket Kaufland . Lidl is the chief competitor of the similar German discount chain Aldi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "388455701baee21f90661019f929bb2f", "text": "Lion's Choice Lion 's Choice is a Missouri-based quick service restaurant chain specializing in roast beef sandwiches . The restaurant sells lean , top-round roast beef , slow-roasted daily on-site , shaved thin and served with a dash of secret seasoning on a toasted and steamed bun . The first store was opened by a group of friends in Ballwin , Missouri in 1967 . The concept was originally named Brittany Beef and quickly changed to Red Lion Beef House . Later renamed Lion 's Choice as `` Red Lion '' was already trademarked . In 2013 , the founders sold the company to St. Louis-based private investors . As of 2016 , there are 25 locations in Missouri , all of which are in or near Greater St. Louis . The restaurant has sponsored a number of charities and teams , such as Shamrocks Against Dystrophy , the St. Louis County Library Reading Club , the MS 150 Bike Tour , and Trailnet . It was the Missouri state winner for the National Restaurant Association 's Restaurant Neighbor Award in 2006 . and was named Best Fast Food by the Riverfront Times . Because of its specialization in roast beef , Arby 's is considered Lion 's Choice 's direct competition . The company has developed a cult-like following from some customers in the St. Louis market . Since the purchase of the chain by a small private-equity firm from the original founders , it has been involved in much litigation with its largest franchisee .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a36ced2645cc1f1120be446441c4178b	Minnesota is an area.	[ { "docid": "76a907c4300d50ee79678e6b0ca267b8", "text": "Minnesota Minnesota ( -LSB- -LSB- ˌmɪnəˈso̞ɾɐ -RSB- help = no -RSB- ) is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States . Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 , created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory . The state has a large number of lakes , and is known by the slogan `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Its official motto is L'Étoile du Nord ( French : Star of the North ) . Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states ; nearly 60 percent of its residents live in the Minneapolis -- Saint Paul metropolitan area ( known as the `` Twin Cities '' ) , the center of transportation , business , industry , education , and government and home to an internationally known arts community . The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture ; deciduous forests in the southeast , now partially cleared , farmed and settled ; and the less populated North Woods , used for mining , forestry , and recreation . Minnesota is known for its progressive political orientation and its high rate of civic participation and voter turnout . Until European settlement , Minnesota was inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe . During the 19th and early 20th centuries , a large number of European settlers entered the state who had mainly emigrated from Scandinavia and Germany . The state remains today a center of Scandinavian American and German American culture . In recent decades , immigration from Asia , the Horn of Africa , and Latin America has broadened its historic demographic and cultural composition . Minnesota 's standard of living index is among the highest in the United States , and the state is also among the best-educated and wealthiest in the nation .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8953add72f1aa2ed26787515446404d2", "text": "Blaine, Minnesota Blaine is a city in Anoka county in the State of Minnesota . The population was 57,186 at the 2010 census . The city is located mainly in Anoka County , and is part of the Minneapolis -- Saint Paul metropolitan area . Interstate Highway 35W , U.S. Highway 10 , and Minnesota State Highway 65 are three of the main routes in the city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "361a27e7549537ac1c90f80530d56c21", "text": "History of Minneapolis Minneapolis is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Minnesota , and the county seat of Hennepin County . The origin and growth of the city was spurred by the proximity of Fort Snelling , the first major United States military presence in the area , and by its location on Saint Anthony Falls , which provided power for sawmills and flour mills . Fort Snelling was established in 1819 , at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers , and soldiers began using the falls for waterpower . When land became available for settlement , two towns were founded on either side of the falls : Saint Anthony , on the east side , and Minneapolis , on the west side . The two towns later merged into one city in 1872 . Early development focused on sawmills , but flour mills eventually became the dominant industry . This industrial development fueled the development of railroads and banks , as well as the foundation of the Minneapolis Grain Exchange . Through innovations in milling techniques , Minneapolis became a world-leading center of flour production , earning the name `` Mill City '' . As the city grew , the culture developed through its churches , arts institutions , the University of Minnesota , and a famous park system designed by Theodore Wirth . Although the sawmills and the flour mills are long gone , Minneapolis remains a regional center in banking and industry . The two largest milling companies , General Mills and the Pillsbury Company , now merged under the General Mills name , still remain prominent in the Twin Cities area . The city has rediscovered the riverfront , which now hosts parkland , the Mill City Museum , and the Guthrie Theater .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ea5ed808cfb4a0b11afdd242ba704a7", "text": "Minnetonka, Minnesota Minnetonka -LSB- ˌmɪnᵻˈtɒŋkə -RSB- is a suburban city in Hennepin County , Minnesota , United States , eight miles ( 13 km ) west of Minneapolis . The population was 49,734 at the 2010 census . The name comes from the Dakota Indian mni tanka , meaning `` great water '' . The city is the home of Cargill , the country 's largest privately owned company , and United Healthcare , the state 's largest publicly owned company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc43efc627d15ca2474ad247442bf2c", "text": "Minnesota Walk of Fame The Minnesota Walk of Fame is a landmark in Minneapolis , Minnesota , which recognizes entertainers who are originally from Minnesota . It is modeled after the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and located on the sidewalk in front of the State Theatre , on the south side of Hennepin Avenue , between south 8th and 9th streets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fed8fa3a9f0344d1ff1728c5202e5832", "text": "U.S. Route 10 in Minnesota U.S. Highway 10 ( US 10 ) is a major divided highway for almost all of its length in the U.S. state of Minnesota . The route runs through the central portion of the state , following generally the alignment of the former Northern Pacific Railway ( now BNSF ) and connects the cities of Moorhead , Detroit Lakes , Wadena , Little Falls , St. Cloud , Anoka , Saint Paul , and Cottage Grove . US 10 within Minnesota is 275 mi in length .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a15446458a93fa4956bcdaefe88bab33", "text": "Lake Minnewaska (Minnesota) Lake Minnewaska is a lake in Pope County , in the U.S. state of Minnesota . Minnewaska is a name derived from Native American languages meaning `` good water '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "932bb448d3af154c8f9b542efe053435", "text": "Coopers Corner, Minnesota Coopers Corner is a neighborhood within the city of East Bethel in Anoka County , Minnesota , United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eef4bc3495bababd778ca882fa03b862", "text": "Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference The Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference ( MIAC ) is a college athletic conference which competes in the NCAA 's Division III . As the name implies , member schools are located in the state of Minnesota . All of the member schools are private , with all but one having a religious affiliation , and only two being non-sectarian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f88b54c6c54f11c4cb4a9fde9f37ee41", "text": "Chatfield, Minnesota Chatfield is a city in Fillmore and Olmsted counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota . The population was 2,779 at the 2010 census . The city 's area is split almost equally between the two counties . Chatfield is known as `` The Gateway to Bluff Country '' and `` The Chosen Valley '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45ca0e800e21453e0e8694d4907fd87e", "text": "Wayzata, Minnesota Wayzata ( -LSB- waɪˈzɛtə -RSB- ) is a city in Hennepin County , Minnesota , United States . It is in the western part of the Minneapolis -- Saint Paul metro area . The name Wayzata is derived from a Lakota Sioux phrase meaning `` North Shore '' . Located on the shores of Lake Minnetonka , the city is a popular tourist destination . As of the 2010 census , the population was 3,688 . Wayzata has a growing economy , and Wayzata High School has been ranked by Newsweek on its list of the 1000 top public high schools in America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33784b6a2fe1b431034caa48ace0c846", "text": "Scandia, Minnesota Scandia is a city in Washington County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 3,936 at the 2010 census . Scandia is 25 miles northeast of Saint Paul , Minnesota , and is part of the Twin Cities Metro Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c5bf596f4d4503bd325eb69fb38b527", "text": "Midtown, Minneapolis Midtown is a loosely defined region in south Minneapolis , Minnesota . There are no hard-set boundaries to the midtown area , but it is generally agreed to include the area in the vicinity of Lake Street between Interstate 35W and Hiawatha Avenue . Lake Street is the border between the Phillips and Powderhorn communities of Minneapolis . Lake Street/Midtown LRT Station , with service on the METRO Blue Line , is located on the eastern edge of the area . The midtown area was historically known as being somewhat of a run-down area . However , in the past decade or two , there has been a large revitalization effort along Lake Street , driven largely by an insurgence of new Latino and Northeast African businesses . Near the intersection of Chicago Avenue and Lake Street is the Midtown Exchange building , which was a Sears department store and mail-order catalog facility until the company closed it in 1994 . After sitting vacant for a decade , the building was fully redeveloped . It features office space , residential units , and the Midtown Global Market , a large marketplace featuring an ethnically diverse variety of restaurants , grocers , and retailers . Other indoor markets that have opened in the midtown area include the Mercado Central ( at Bloomington Ave and Lake St ) , which houses numerous Latino businesses , and the Lake Plaza ( at 3rd Ave and Lake St ) , which houses Somali and Latino businesses . As of January 2009 , a new market has opened in the former True Value Hardware site at the Hi-Lake Shopping Center ( 21st Ave and Lake St ) , housing Somali businesses . At 22nd Ave and Lake Street ( in the parking lot of Anishinabe Academy School ) the Midtown Farmers ' Market operates on Tuesdays and Saturdays from late spring to early autumn . Many places and groups use the `` midtown '' descriptor in their names . Examples include : The Midtown Greenway , a major bicycling and walking trail paralleling Lake Street The Midtown Exchange and the Midtown Global Market The Midtown Freewheel Bike Center , a bike shop on the Midtown Greenway The Midtown YWCA ( Lake Street and 22nd Ave ) The Lake Street/Midtown light rail station on the METRO Blue Line The Sheraton Minneapolis Midtown Hotel The Midtown Church Project , a church plant utilizing principles of self-organization and community development", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d46a42a54426669014f0d4c2d1ae1ec8", "text": "East Red Wing, Minnesota East Red Wing is a neighborhood of the city of Red Wing in Goodhue County , Minnesota , United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aae6f2e7650cd2e8006f1c1591dc5b35", "text": "Theatre in Minnesota This page is about theatre in Minnesota .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ff4ff10dde4e1b287aa87885063ab40", "text": "Minnesota Channel The Minnesota Channel is a full-time 24/7 digital statewide channel originating at Twin Cities Public Television . It features programming related to Minnesota ( and some related to Wisconsin and North Dakota ) , plus coverage of the Minnesota Legislature when in session . The Minnesota Channel is carried as a digital sub-channel on all six member networks of the Minnesota Public Television Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd65b4b61a4dde3974ee541173b2a8aa", "text": "South Dakota South Dakota ( -LSB- saʊθ_dəˈkoʊtə -RSB- -LSB- -LSB- ˌsɑʊθ dəˈko̞ɾə -RSB- -RSB- ) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States . It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes , who compose a significant portion of the population and historically dominated the entire territory . South Dakota is the 17th most expansive , but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States . Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory , South Dakota became a state on November 2 , 1889 , simultaneously with North Dakota . Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls , with a population of about 171,000 , is South Dakota 's largest city . South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota ( on the north ) , Minnesota ( to the east ) , Iowa ( to the southeast ) , Nebraska ( on the south ) , Wyoming ( on the west ) , and Montana ( to the northwest ) . The state is bisected by the Missouri River , dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves , known to residents as `` East River '' and `` West River '' . Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state 's population , and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops . West of the Missouri , ranching is the predominant agricultural activity , and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending . Most of the Native American reservations are located in West River . The Black Hills , a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux , are located in the southwest part of the state . Mount Rushmore , a major tourist destination , is located there . South Dakota experiences a temperate continental climate , with four distinct seasons and precipitation ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west . The ecology of the state features species typical of a North American grassland biome . Humans have inhabited the area for several millennia , with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century . In the late 19th century , European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east . Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars , ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 . Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression , increased federal spending during the 1940s and 50s for agriculture and defense , and an industrialization of agriculture that has much reduced family farming . While several Democratic senators have represented South Dakota for multiple terms at the federal level , the state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party , whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 13 presidential elections . Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle , South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in areas to attract and retain residents . South Dakota 's history and rural character still strongly influence the culture of the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e42c647ff9ecafa31febac5f08554d0", "text": "Lake Victoria (Minnesota) Lake Victoria is a lake in Douglas County , in the U.S. state of Minnesota . Lake Victoria was named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b6f728ff35cf4de27d41fcbfcaadf0c", "text": "List of birds of Minnesota This list of birds of Minnesota includes species documented in the U.S. state of Minnesota and accepted by the Minnesota Ornithologists ' Union Records Committee ( MOURC ) . As of 2017 , there are 422 species included in the official list . Of them , 84 are classed as accidental , 39 are classed as casual , eight have been introduced to North America , two are extinct , and one has been been extirpated . Only birds that are considered to have established , self-sustaining , wild populations in Minnesota are included on this list . This means that birds that are considered probable escapees , although they may have been sighted flying free in Illinois , are not included . This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of The Check-list of North American Birds ( 7th edition through the 57th supplement , 2016 ) , published by the American Ornithological Society . Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list . The following codes are used to designate some species : ( A ) Accidental - `` Species for which there are accepted records in no more than two of the past ten years '' per the MOURC ( C ) Casual - `` Species for which there are accepted records in three to eight of the past ten years '' per the MOURC ( I ) Introduced - Species established in North America as a result of human action ( E ) Extinct - a recent species that no longer exists ( Ex ) Extirpated - Species which `` formerly occurred regularly in the state but disappeared and are not expected to recur '' per the MOURC", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4401aa092641889de876a813e163e789", "text": "Norwegian Dakotan A Norwegian Dakotan is a Norwegian American ( a person with Norwegian ancestry ) in the U. S. states of North and South Dakota . One in three of all North Dakotans is of Norwegian heritage , which is the highest among all U.S. states . South Dakota is number three , behind Minnesota . The immigrants settled primarily between 1870 and 1920 . As of 2009 , 312,697 Dakotans claim Norwegian ancestry , 21.4 % of the region 's population ( 30.8 % of North Dakota 's population and 14.0 % of South Dakota 's population ) , or 6.7 % of the total Norwegian American population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "429c72b2e8e25e8bc60aaaa0b2d331d3", "text": "Arts Midwest Arts Midwest , headquartered in Minneapolis , Minnesota , is one of six not-for-profit regional arts organizations created to `` encourage development of the arts and to support arts programs on a regional basis . '' Arts Midwest 's mission is to `` promote creativity , nurture cultural leadership , and engage people in meaningful arts experiences , bringing vitality to Midwest communities and enriching people 's lives . '' Arts Midwest is primarily funded by the National Endowment for the Arts ( NEA ) , and is charged with supporting artists and arts organizations , and providing assistance to its nine member states of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , North Dakota , Ohio , South Dakota , and Wisconsin .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1e2466ff33cbcbfcf87b70b82cb0538a	Ryan Phillippe starred in the 1999 film Cruel Intentions.	[ { "docid": "f1bdb225b3380c226e26e7f0f22ef6ac", "text": "Ryan Phillippe Matthew Ryan Phillippe ( -LSB- ˈfɪlᵻpi -RSB- born September 10 , 1974 ) is an American actor , director , and writer . After appearing as Billy Douglas on the soap opera One Life to Live , he came to fame in the late 1990s with starring roles in a string of films , including I Know What You Did Last Summer , Cruel Intentions , and 54 . In the 2000s , he appeared in several films , including Gosford Park ( 2001 ) , Crash ( 2004 ) , and war drama Flags of Our Fathers ( 2006 ) , Breach ( 2007 ) , and Stop-Loss ( 2008 ) . In 2010 , Phillippe starred as Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer Greg Marinovich in The Bang-Bang Club . Currently , he stars in the lead role of Bob Lee Swagger in the USA Network thriller drama Shooter . He was married to actress Reese Witherspoon from 1999 to 2007 ; together , they have a daughter and a son . He also has a daughter from a relationship with actress Alexis Knapp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f24d448b9ef4ffaebf11c00b48697d95", "text": "Cruel Intentions Cruel Intentions is a 1999 American romantic teen drama film starring Sarah Michelle Gellar , Ryan Phillippe , Reese Witherspoon , and Selma Blair . The film is an adaptation of Les Liaisons dangereuses , written by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos in 1782 , but set among wealthy teenagers attending high school in modern New York City instead of 18th century France . The film started as an independent film with a small budget , and was later picked up by Columbia Pictures . It was released on March 5 , 1999 to mixed critical reviews , but was a box office success , earning $ 75 million worldwide . It was followed by two direct-to-video films : a prequel , Cruel Intentions 2 , and a sequel , Cruel Intentions 3 . In early 2016 , it was announced Cruel Intentions could receive a television series spin-off with Gellar set to reprise her role as Kathryn , as NBC ordered a pilot to a follow-up TV series , but the series was not picked up . On October 31 , 2016 , NBC announced that it had passed on the project , but Sony Pictures Television announced it was shopping the pilot with other networks .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8e56d94dfc0706d260430831c2149b73", "text": "Terror Firmer Terror Firmer is a 1999 American comedy horror film directed by Lloyd Kaufman , written by Douglas Buck , Patrick Cassidy , Kaufman , and James Gunn , and starring Will Keenan , Alyce LaTourelle , and Kaufman . The film was produced by the Troma Entertainment company , known for distributing campy exploitation films . The film features several direct references to the previous Troma films , such as The Toxic Avenger , and includes famous Troma props , like the ` Penis Monster ' ( referred to , in the film , as `` Thor , the God of Love '' ) and a severed leg . It was loosely based , in that respect , on Kaufman and Gunn 's book All I Need to Know about Filmmaking I Learned from the Toxic Avenger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bad19c3dce3757b5ea9404712dc5e510", "text": "Brent Ryan Green Brent Ryan Green ( born March 19 , 1984 ) is an American film director and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c41bf41308c04e754430017928a989a", "text": "The Curse of Downers Grove The Curse of Downers Grove is an American thriller film written by Bret Easton Ellis . The film is based on the 1999 novel Downers Grove by Michael Hornburg , the film stars Kevin Zegers , Bella Heathcote , Penelope Mitchell , Lucas Till , Zane Holtz , Helen Slater , and Tom Arnold . The film receives a limited theatrical release on August 21 , 2015 and a subsequent DVD/Blu-Ray release on September 1 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92148a39cdb695da63a7350c7facae1e", "text": "Election (1999 film) Election is a 1999 American black comedy-drama film directed and written by Alexander Payne and adapted by him and Jim Taylor from Tom Perrotta 's 1998 novel of the same title . The plot revolves around a high school election and satirizes both suburban high school life and politics . The film stars Matthew Broderick as Jim McAllister , a popular high school social studies teacher in suburban Omaha , Nebraska , and Reese Witherspoon as Tracy Flick , around the time of the school 's student body election . When Tracy qualifies to run for class president , McAllister believes she does not deserve the title and tries his best to stop her from winning . Although a box office bomb , Election received critical acclaim . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay , a Golden Globe nomination for Witherspoon in the Best Actress category , and the Independent Spirit Award for Best Film in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0a2ac7ed64fd151f0245b49eaaaea95", "text": "She's All That She 's All That is a 1999 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Robert Iscove and starring Freddie Prinze , Jr. , Rachael Leigh Cook , Paul Walker and Matthew Lillard . It is a modern adaptation of George Bernard Shaw 's play Pygmalion and George Cukor 's 1964 film My Fair Lady . It was one of the most popular teen films of the 1990s and reached No. 1 at the box office in its first week of release . In April 2015 , it was announced that the film will be remade by The Weinstein Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5c0eab8f8bb202e3baaaef7952557a6", "text": "The Astronaut's Wife The Astronaut 's Wife is a 1999 American science fiction thriller film directed and written by Rand Ravich . It stars Johnny Depp and Charlize Theron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b18cd7242cb9073b0fc28ab5be014731", "text": "Striptease (film) Striptease is a 1996 American erotic comedy film directed , produced , and written by Andrew Bergman , and stars Demi Moore , Burt Reynolds and Ving Rhames . The film is based on Carl Hiaasen 's novel of the same name , and is about a stripper who becomes involved in both a child-custody dispute and corrupt politics . Striptease was generally reviled by critics . It wound up winning several Golden Raspberry Awards , which are given to the worst in cinema . Among these awards given to Striptease was the Award for Worst Picture of 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6cbdb82dc427c6db7c9a2db6dc9b015", "text": "Payback (1999 film) Payback is a 1999 American neo-noir crime film written and directed by Brian Helgeland in his directorial debut , and starring Mel Gibson , Gregg Henry , Maria Bello and David Paymer . It was based on the novel The Hunter by Donald E. Westlake using the pseudonym Richard Stark , which had earlier been adapted into the 1967 film noir classic Point Blank , directed by John Boorman and starring Lee Marvin . In 2006 Helgeland issued a director 's cut that differs substantially from the version released by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a9ec6bfe057f06329659a35cf586bad", "text": "The Criminal (1999 film) The Criminal is a 1999 British thriller film directed by Julian Simpson and starring Steven Mackintosh , Eddie Izzard and Natasha Little . After meeting a beautiful woman in a bar , a man 's life is plunged into chaos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba5ef20cb417a15aa3d459537cb5ddac", "text": "Ryan Dunn Ryan Matthew Dunn ( June 11 , 1977 -- June 20 , 2011 ) was an American stunt performer , television personality , comedian , actor , writer and musician . He was a founding member of the Jackass and Viva La Bam crew . Dunn rose to fame as a member of the CKY Crew along with long-time friend Bam Margera for their extreme stunts and pranks recorded on camera which led to the rise of MTV 's Jackass and its three later feature films , which have all been commercial successes . Dunn also hosted Homewrecker and Proving Ground and appeared in feature films such as Street Dreams and Blonde Ambition , as well as in Margera 's films Haggard : The Movie and Minghags : The Movie . Dunn died in an automobile crash in West Goshen Township , Chester County , Pennsylvania , on the morning of June 20 , 2011 , alongside his friend Zachary Hartwell , a production assistant on Jackass Number Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95ff1c9daeb15561589e38c2cf07266d", "text": "Façade (film) Façade ( also known as Death Valley ) is a 1999 thriller film starring Eric Roberts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f6f44b8fea223e948f2efb326a3ed6f", "text": "When a Man Loves a Woman (film) When a Man Loves a Woman is a 1994 American romantic drama film written by Al Franken and Ronald Bass , starring Andy García , Meg Ryan , Tina Majorino , Mae Whitman , Ellen Burstyn , Lauren Tom and Philip Seymour Hoffman . For her performance as an alcoholic mother , Ryan received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Best Female Actor in a Leading Role . The film 's title is taken from the song of the same name by Percy Sledge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5756d6f74d16fce022b6b0f185bc9705", "text": "Jaded (film) Jaded is a 1998 film co-written and directed by Caryn Krooth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d004999764a4b4ebd128bd7007ac6e9b", "text": "Wayne Pygram Wayne Pigram ( born 13 October 1959 ) , better known by his stage name Wayne Pygram , is an Australian actor , known for his role as Scorpius in the science fiction series Farscape ( 2000 -- 2003 ) and the miniseries that followed , Farscape : The Peacekeeper Wars ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "382d8b2d96920c1f94b948f046e5b095", "text": "Port Clyde, Maine Port Clyde is the southernmost settlement on the St. George peninsula in central/coastal Maine and part of the town of St. George in Knox County , Maine , United States . In the 19th century , Port Clyde became a busy port featuring granite quarries , tide mills for sawing timber , and shipbuilding and fish canning businesses . By the 20th century , the area attracted artists and writers . The Country of the Pointed Firs was written by Sarah Orne Jewett in St. George . Port Clyde 's harbor was originally known as Herring Gut . Marshall Point -- site of the Marshall Point Lighthouse -- is Port Clyde 's southernmost extremity . This lighthouse is the one to which Tom Hanks ran in the 1994 film Forrest Gump Port Clyde was home to The Port Clyde Packing Co. , manufacturer of Port Clyde Sardines . Employing around 200 people , it was the largest employer in the area for most of its existence . Tragically , the factory was destroyed in a fire on September 26 , 1970 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "565cf7253df6b3f13c52074269b39a38", "text": "Daniel Ryan (actor) Daniel Ryan ( born 1968 as Daniel O'Brien ) is an English actor and writer . He is known for starring as Darren Alexander in the BBC drama comedy Linda Green , Andrew Gilligan in The Government Inspector , Andy Coulson in Steel River Blues and Kenny Reed in The Whistleblowers . His stage credits include Macbeth , A Midsummer Night 's Dream and Richard III . He also appeared as a man who was severely brain-damaged after drink and driving , in part of the COI 's Drinking And Driving Wrecks Lives campaign . In 2008 he appeared in Gethsemane , a new play by David Hare at the National Theatre . He also took over the role of Harry ( Sandy 's husband ) in the special reunion episodes of BBC sitcom As Time Goes By alongside Judi Dench and Geoffrey Palmer , the first actor to portray the part being David Michaels . Ryan also appeared in the 2008 Doctor Who episode `` Midnight '' . In 2010 he was very well received for his performance in Posh by Laura Wade at the Royal Court Theatre in London . As a writer , his work has been performed by the RSC and at the Edinburgh Festival . He appeared on the Teen Drama Skins as the father of the third generation character Rich Hardbeck in 2011 and 2012 . In 2014 , he appeared in Salting the Battlefield as Bill Catcheside . He is also known for playing the role of Dan in the Sky Living comedy-drama , Mount Pleasant since 2011 . In 2015 he appeared as Colonel Anthony Forbes-Leith in the BBC TV series Father Brown episode 3.9 `` The Truth in the Wine '' . He has played Welsh butcher Bryn Brindsley in the ITV war-time drama Home Fires from 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71cf084ec1957aa0cd7858f7b54d1243", "text": "Final Voyage Final Voyage is an action/drama film released in 1999 . The film stars Dylan Walsh , Ice-T , Erika Eleniak , and Claudia Christian . Tagline : `` 2,500 passengers , 1 sinking ship , no escape . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4206b10ce375f8e035aaa4d51fe8a15", "text": "Phil Armour Phillip Armour ( born December 9 , 1976 ) is a former American football player who played for the University of North Texas and the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts . Armour accepted a full football scholarship from the University of North Texas ( Denton , TX ) in January 1995 . After starting for 4 years at UNT , Armour signed with the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent immediately after the 1999 NFL Draft . After being injured in his first training camp with the Colts and being placed on injured reserve for the entire 1999 season , Armour made the Colts ' 53-man roster for the 2000 season . He was released by the Colts in April 2001 , and retired from professional football in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "947b4152a04b3d40e60e05670d6be81d", "text": "American Beauty: Original Motion Picture Score American Beauty : Original Motion Picture Score is the original score for the 1999 film composed by Thomas Newman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ac480e72d98d996cafb5f5971da2660", "text": "House of Fears House of Fears is a 2007 horror film , directed by Ryan Little . It stars Corri English , Sandra McCoy , Michael J. Pagan , Corey Sevier and Alice Greczyn . The film was released Direct-to-DVD on April 27 , 2009 in the UK . The DVD release in the United States was distributed by Your Indie Films . The movie features a cameo from American actor Jared Padalecki .", "title": "" } ]	fever
426dd0c3087e7f9954bc2d9fc59b4dd6	Moscow is the world's most lived in inland city.	[ { "docid": "bac4cb80d8612b56a5dd8e3228894688", "text": "Moscow Moscow is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.8 million within the urban area . Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city . Moscow is a major political , economic , cultural , and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe , as well as the largest city entirely on the European continent . By broader definitions Moscow is among the world 's largest cities , being the 14th largest metro area , the 18th largest agglomeration , the 15th largest urban area , and the 11th largest by population within city limits worldwide . According to Forbes 2013 , Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world by Mercer and has one of the world 's largest urban economies , being ranked as an alpha global city according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world according to the MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index . Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity and metropolis on Earth . It is home to the Ostankino Tower , the tallest free standing structure in Europe ; the Federation Tower , the tallest skyscraper in Europe ; and the Moscow International Business Center . By its territorial expansion on July 1 , 2012 southwest into the Moscow Oblast , the area of the capital more than doubled , going from 1091 to , and it gained an additional population of 233,000 people . Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia , making it the world 's most populated inland city . The city is well known for its architecture , particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil 's Cathedral with its brightly coloured domes . With over 40 percent of its territory covered by greenery , it is one of the greenest capitals and major cities in Europe and the world , having the largest forest in an urban area within its borders -- more than any other major city -- even before its expansion in 2012 . The city has served as the capital of a progression of states , from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union and the contemporary Russian Federation . Moscow is considered the centre of Russian culture , having served as the home of Russian artists , scientists and sports figures and because of the presence of museums , academic and political institutions and theatres . Moscow is the seat of power of the Government of Russia , being the site of the Moscow Kremlin , a medieval city-fortress that is today the residence for work of the President of Russia . The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city . Both chambers of the Russian parliament ( the State Duma and the Federation Council ) also sit in the city . The city is served by a transit network , which includes four international airports , nine railway terminals , numerous trams , a monorail system and one of the deepest underground rapid transit systems in the world , the Moscow Metro , the fourth-largest in the world and largest outside of Asia in terms of passenger numbers , and the busiest in Europe . It is recognised as one of the city 's landmarks due to the rich architecture of its 200 stations . Moscow has acquired a number of epithets , most referring to its size and preeminent status within the nation : The Third Rome , The Whitestone One , The First Throne , The Forty Forties , and The Hero City . In old Russian the word '' Сорок '' ( forty ) also meant a church administrative district , which consisted of about forty churches . The demonym for a Moscow resident is '' москвич '' ( moskvich ) for male or '' москвичка '' ( moskvichka ) for female , rendered in English as Muscovite .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bf07cd747d2f9c71be44f98e3dea42c3", "text": "Podolsk Podolsk ( -LSB- Подольск , p =p ɐˈdolʲsk -RSB- ) is an industrial city , center of Podolsk Urban Okrug , Moscow Oblast , Russia , located on the Pakhra River ( a tributary of the Moskva River ) . Population : 187,961 ( 2010 Census ) ; 180,963 ( 2002 Census ) ; 209,178 ( 1989 Census ) ; 183,000 ( 1974 ) ; 129,000 ( 1959 ) ; 72,000 ( 1939 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8665f34c46200d4c5e7fe5fa2514f3c", "text": "Moscow, Cheryomushki Moscow , Cheryomushki ( Москва , Черемушки Moskva , Cheryomushki ) is an operetta in three acts by Dmitri Shostakovich , his Op. 105 . It is sometimes referred to as simply Cheryomushki . Cheryomushki is a district in Moscow full of cheap subsidized housing built in 1956 , and the word is also commonly used for such housing projects in general . The libretto was written by the experienced team of Vladimir Mass and Mikhail Chervinsky , leading Soviet humorists of the day . The satirical plot dealt with a topical theme geared to one of the most pressing concerns of urban Russians , the chronic housing shortages and the difficulties of securing livable conditions . Cheryomushki translates to `` bird-cherry trees '' and the operetta was named after a real housing estate in southwest Moscow . The work was completed in 1958 and received its premiere in the capital on 24 January 1959 . The operetta is reminiscent of Shostakovich 's popular music of the period , yet at the same time it engages a satirical assessment of the housing redevelopments in Moscow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fcd5c0fa2e63749df7ea84eebe174b4", "text": "List of Russian people This is a list of people associated with the modern Russian Federation , the Soviet Union , Imperial Russia , Russian Tsardom , the Grand Duchy of Moscow , and other predecessor states of Russia . Regardless of ethnicity or emigration , the list includes famous natives of Russia and its predecessor states , as well as people who were born elsewhere but spent most of their active life in Russia . For more information , see the articles Rossiyane , Russians and Demographics of Russia . For specific lists of Russians , see : Category : Lists of Russian people and : Category : Russian people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5babcd801020d3d568da5a3ac6d4916f", "text": "Urban area An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning , which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment . The world 's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since . In 2009 , the number of people living in urban areas ( 3.42 billion ) surpassed the number living in rural areas ( 3.41 billion ) and since then the world has become more urban than rural . This was the first time that the majority of the world 's population lived in a city . In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet , of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion . The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050 , with 37 % of that growth to come from three countries : China , India and Nigeria . Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization . Urban areas are measured for various purposes , including analyzing population density and urban sprawl . Unlike an urban area , a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area , but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city , typically by employment ties through commuting , with the urban core city being the primary labor market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "385fffaec4428d5097a9bb2e40a4f73c", "text": "Governor (Russia) The highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation or the holder of the highest office of subject of the Russian Federation or the head of the highest executive body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation , colloquially and collectively referred to as the title governor ( губернатор - gubernator ) or head of region ( глава региона - glava regiona ) , is the head and the chief executive of each the federal subjects of Russia , not directly subordinate to the federal authorities , but the political and ceremonial head of the federal subject , all of which are equal constituent entities of Russia . The office is defined by the Constitution of Russia and Chapters 1 , 3 and 4 of Russia 's Federal Law No. 184-FZ `` On the General Principles of the Organization Of the Legislative ( Representative ) and Executive Organs Of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation '' which came into force in 1999 . According to the current revision of the Russian Constitution , the Russian Federation consists of 85 federal subjects therefore there are 85 offices of head of region in Russia ( see List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia ) . The certain title of office is defined by the federal subject 's Constitution or Charter . The names include : governor , president ( президент - president ) , head of administration ( глава администрации - glava administratsii ) , head of republic ( глава республики - glava respubliki ) , mayor ( мэр - mer ) , non-officially and collectively referred to as governors for short . The official title governor is most used in Russia and traditionally it is used in Oblasts of Russia . Presidents of Russia 's republics , mayor of Moscow and mayor of St. Petersburg are also governors in this sense . A head of the subject in Russia is said to serve a administration or executive office , colloquially referred to as gubernatorial administration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e56db8659dbd25edf59be204b1fbc03f", "text": "Mount Kholodilnik Kholodilnik Mountain ( гора́ Холоди́льник or со́пка Холодильник lit . `` Mt. Refrigerator '' ) , is a mountain in eastern Russia . It is located in Primorsky Krai , and is in the highest peak within the city of Vladivostok . Mount Kholodilnik ( height 257.9 , was-Mount Myravyov-Amursky ) is the highest point in Vladivostok . Height is 297 meters . There are fortifications : Fort Count Muravyov - Amur Vladivostok fortress , five lettered fortress batteries and Soviet battery № 198 '' Kholodilnik '' . Currently , some fortifications are abandoned , others are on the territory of the military unit . Tourists want to visit this place to see the Soviet naval battery sample number 198 1935 years and four 130 - mm gun B - 13-3s . There are still buildings and cellars of the former fort of Major-General Count Nikolai Muravyov - Amursky . Many fortifications have long been abandoned , but some of them are now used by the military unit , which is located almost at the top of the mountain . On the eastern slope of the hill there are many places for a picnic . There is a spring of pure water . Geologically the hills to the south of Vladivostok are the Sikhote-Alin . Slopes on the mountain are used for the open championship of the Far East for downhill and cross-country . It is also used by mountain paragliders . So the rules are elements of air , the result of magical work on the hill Fridge is always weather changing . Therefore , if the weather in city changes completely unexpected , for example suddenly among of the blue sky clouds are formed and it begins to rain , most likely the reason for that is in the magical effect on a hill Fridge . Or , conversely , when the whole sky is overcast over the city , citizens can see in the sky a large circle of clear sky over the hill forts Refrigerator - It is an evidence of that at this moment being magical work is . Entrance to the mountain , oddly enough , is under water . Every 3 years products are imported there in the event of war , then they `` close '' the entrance to this place . They say that the food will last for a whole year to feed the city of Vladivostok . Mount Refrigerator is protected with naval vessels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "185c5d025b72990a0a33c6ece79f983d", "text": "Embassy of Estonia in Moscow The Embassy of Estonia in Moscow ( Посольство Эстонии в Москве , Eesti Suursaatkond Moskvas ) is the chief diplomatic mission of Estonia in the Russian Federation . It is located at 5 Maly Kislovsky Lane ( Mалый Кисловский пер . 5 ) in the Presnensky District of Moscow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2088e58e72f23bf10ba626562bc05379", "text": "Geography of Shanghai The geography of Shanghai is characterised by its location on the Yangtze River Delta on China 's east coast and its proximity to the Pacific Ocean via the East China Sea . The city is centred on the Huangpu River , a tributary of the Yangtze River , and extends outwards in all directions , with the suburbs and satellite towns reaching east to the East China Sea , north and west to Jiangsu province , and south to Zhejiang province over Hangzhou Bay . The vast majority of Shanghai 's land area is flat , apart from a few hills in the southwest corner , due to its location on the alluvial plain of the Yangtze 's river delta . The city has many rivers and lakes and is known for its rich water resources , and thanks to its coastal , riverside location and warm climate ensuring ice-free waters , provides easy access to China 's interior , resulting in Shanghai being the world 's largest port .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5344dd06b0f61695375ae8c13305d3d6", "text": "Odessa Odessa or Odesa ( Оде́са , -LSB- oˈdɛsɐ -RSB- -LSB- Оде́сса , p = ɐˈdʲesə -RSB- ) is the third most populous city of Ukraine and a major tourism center , seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea . Odessa is also an administrative center of the Odessa Oblast and a multiethnic cultural center . Odessa is sometimes called the `` pearl of the Black Sea , '' the `` South Capital '' ( under the Russian Empire and Soviet Union ) , and `` Southern Palmyra '' . The predecessor of Odessa , a small Tatar settlement , was founded by Hacı I Giray , the Khan of Crimea , in 1440 and originally named after him as `` Hacıbey '' . After a period of Lithuanian control , it passed into the domain of the Ottoman Sultan in 1529 and remained in Ottoman hands until the Ottoman Empire 's defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1792 . In 1794 , the city of Odessa was founded by a decree of the Empress Catherine the Great . From 1819 to 1858 , Odessa was a free port . During the Soviet period it was the most important port of trade in the Soviet Union and a Soviet naval base . On 1 January 2000 , the Quarantine Pier at Odessa Commercial Sea Port was declared a free port and free economic zone for a period of 25 years . During the 19th century , it was the fourth largest city of Imperial Russia , after Moscow , Saint Petersburg and Warsaw . Its historical architecture has a style more Mediterranean than Russian , having been heavily influenced by French and Italian styles . Some buildings are built in a mixture of different styles , including Art Nouveau , Renaissance and Classicist . Odessa is a warm-water port . The city of Odessa hosts both the Port of Odessa and Port Yuzhne , a significant oil terminal situated in the city 's suburbs . Another notable port , Chornomorsk , is located in the same oblast , to the south-west of Odessa . Together they represent a major transport hub integrating with railways . Odessa 's oil and chemical processing facilities are connected to Russian and European networks by strategic pipelines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4517ab8477cee4c5c9b7c2acfa0f997", "text": "Uzbeks in Russia Uzbeks represent a large diaspora in Russia numbering 1.9 million ( January 2016 ) . Most Uzbeks living in Russia are seasonal migrant workers . Most of them have come after the dissolution of the Soviet Union , Due to racial and cultural differences , they are one of the most discriminated against minorities in Russia , and hence rarely settle outside of the Russian capital Moscow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d784bba3597aca339f952036cfcc0c5e", "text": "List of museums in Moscow This is a list of museums in Moscow , the capital city of Russia ART4.RU Contemporary Art Museum Bulgakov Museum in Moscow Cathedral of the Annunciation Central Armed Forces Museum Church of the Deposition of the Robe Church of the Twelve Apostles Diamond Fund Fersman Mineralogical Museum Galeyev Gallery Institute of Russian Realist Art Ivan the Great Bell Tower Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center Kremlin Armoury Kremlin Arsenal Kuskovo Lumiere Brothers Center for Photography The Lumiere Brothers Photogallery Memorial Museum of Astronautics Moscow Cat Museum Moscow Design Museum Moscow House of Photography Moscow Museum of Modern Art Moscow Paleontological Museum Multimedia Art Museum , Moscow Museum of Calligraphy Museum of History of Moscow Museum of the Great Patriotic War , Moscow Museum of the Moscow Railway National Centre for Contemporary Arts Ostankino Palace Poklonnaya Hill Polytechnical Museum Pushkin Museum RKK Energiya museum Rumyantsev Museum Russian State Library Ryabushinsky Museum of Icons and Paintings Shchusev State Museum of Architecture State Historical Museum Tagansky Protected Command Point Tretyakov Gallery Tsaritsyno Park Vernadsky State Geological Museum Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki Zoological Museum of Moscow University", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3dfc6bfef54366b316c9c84709804f5", "text": "Administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast This is a list of the administrative and municipal divisions of Moscow Oblast , a federal subject of Russia . Moscow Oblast is located in the Central Federal District of Russia , and completely surrounds Moscow , the capital of Russia . While Moscow hosts the majority of the government bodies of the oblast , it does not officially serve as the oblast 's administrative center and is not otherwise associated with the oblast either administratively or municipally . The oblast is , as are other Russian federal subjects , subdivided for the purposes of the state administration and for the purposes of the local self-government , the rights to which are guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia . While the administrative and municipal divisions are not required by law to be identical , the system of municipal divisions in Moscow Oblast , having been created on the basis of existing administrative divisions , has only minor differences from the system of administrative divisions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46ab738b7c1b7fa13dbfc71faa907bb0", "text": "Southern Administrative Okrug Southern Administrative Okrug ( Ю́жный администрати́вный о́круг , Yuzhny administrativny okrug ) , or Yuzhny Administrative Okrug , is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions ( administrative okrugs ) of the federal city of Moscow , Russia . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 1,716,808 , up from 1,593,065 recorded during the 2002 Census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "921538be95adf6c7ae36c83b8a2a9db3", "text": "Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai ( -LSB- Красноя́рский край , r = Krasnoyarsky kray , p = krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj -RSB- ) is a federal subject of Russia ( a krai ) , with its administrative center in the city of Krasnoyarsk -- the third-largest city in Siberia ( after Novosibirsk and Omsk ) . Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in the Russian Federation , the second largest federal subject ( after the Sakha Republic ) , and the third largest subnational governing body by area in the world , after Sakha Republic and the Australian state of Western Australia . The krai covers an area of 2339700 km2 , which is nearly one quarter the size of the entire country of Canada ( the next-largest country in the world after Russia ) , constituting roughly 13 % of the Russian Federation 's total area and containing a population of 2,828,187 , or just under 2 % of its population . ( 2010 Census ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58667269a485fa4bf127e15f9177b37f", "text": "Unified Deep Water System of European Russia The Unified Deep Water System of European Russia or UDWS is a system of inland waterways in Russia linking the White Sea , the Baltic Sea , the Volga River , Moscow , the Caspian Sea and -- via the Sea of Azov -- the Black Sea . In 2010 , UDWS carried 70 million tons of cargo and 12 million passengers , making up two-thirds of overall inland waterway traffic volume in Russia . There are 60 common-use ports and quays on UDWS , including 3 international ports ( 2 in Moscow and 1 in Dmitrov , Moscow Oblast ) . Owing to UDWS , Moscow is sometimes called `` the port of the five seas '' . The depth throughout the system was targeted at 4.5 m , allowing passage of not only river craft but many sea-going vessels including warships and even nuclear submarines . However , at present time , the depth is mostly guaranteed at the lesser 4 m , except the even shallower sections like Gorodets -- Nizhny Novgorod at 2.5 m , Kochetovsky hydro-system -- stanitsa Bagayevskaya at 3.2 m , and others . There are plans to increase depth of these sections to 4 m. The system includes these waterways : Neva River Lake Ladoga Svir River Lake Onega Volga -- Baltic Waterway -- connects Lake Onega to Volga River ; built in early 19th century as Mariinsk Canal System , rebuilt in 1956 -- 1964 White Sea -- Baltic Canal -- connects Lake Onega to White Sea ; constructed in 1931 -- 1933 Moscow Canal -- directly connects Moscow to Volga River ; constructed in 1932 -- 1937 Volga River Kama River Belaya River Volga -- Don Canal -- connects Volga River to Don River ; constructed in 1948 -- 1952 Don River", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ba49969752707fb22bdabd4c0c983b7", "text": "Domodedovo (town) Domodedovo ( -LSB- Домодедово , p =d əmɐˈdʲɛdəvə -RSB- ) is a town in Moscow Oblast , Russia , located 37 km south of Moscow . Population : The increase of population is due to the merger of three neighboring inhabited localities into the town in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "157cec98977b4addd047b727734d53bd", "text": "Moscow dialect The Moscow dialect or Moscow accent ( -LSB- Московское произношение , Moskovskoye proiznoshenye , mɐˈskofskəjə prəɪznɐˈʂenʲɪɪ -RSB- ) , sometimes Central Russian , is the spoken Russian language variety used in Moscow . Influenced by both Northern and Southern Russian dialects , the Moscow dialect is the basis of the Russian literary language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12f423be7f5e460a7c41a3913c1e4d48", "text": "Lake Onega Lake Onega ( also known as Onego , -LSB- Оне́жское о́зеро , r = Onezhskoe ozero , p = ɐˈnʲɛʂskəɪ ˈozʲɪrə -RSB- Ääninen or Äänisjärvi Oniegu or Oniegu-järve Änine or Änižjärv ) is a lake in the north-west European part of Russia , located on the territory of Republic of Karelia , Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast . It belongs to the basin of the Baltic Sea , Atlantic Ocean , and is the second largest lake in Europe after Lake Ladoga . The lake is fed by about 50 rivers and is drained by the Svir River . There are about 1,650 islands on the lake . They include Kizhi , which hosts a historical complex of 89 orthodox wooden churches and other wooden constructions of 15th -- 20th centuries . The complex includes a UNESCO World Heritage site Kizhi Pogost . Eastern shores of the lake contain about 1200 petroglyphs ( rock engravings ) dated to 4th -- 2nd millennia BC . The major cities on the lake are Petrozavodsk , Kondopoga and Medvezhyegorsk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e88dac29b2ce0317b2c1969f106f6bba", "text": "The Siberian Curse The Siberian Curse : How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold is a book written by Fiona Hill and Clifford G. Gaddy , two political scientists and fellows of the Brookings Institution in 2003 . In the book they propose the thesis that Siberia , while one of the most resource-abundant regions in the world , is too big and harsh to be populated and industrialized on an economically rational basis . Consequently , since the collapse of the USSR , which planned and subsidized Siberian towns , a westward exodus to the urban European part of Russia is occurring . The large territory , they state , is not one of the greatest sources of strength of Russia , but one of its greatest weaknesses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4c22a31d33b828d3cfc16f0cffb6749", "text": "Sovetsky City District, Kazan Sovetsky City District ( Сове́тский район -LSB- Сове́т районы́ , Sowet rayonı -RSB- ) is a city district of Kazan , the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan , Russia . It occupies the northeastern and eastern parts of Kazan , and is the most populous district of the city . Its area is 167 km2 . Population : The head of the district is Rustem Gafarov . The district has one of the three largest in the city and the latest among them the time construction ( 1990s ) `` sleeping '' area Azino ( south-eastern part of the area ) , residential areas along the Siberian tract and Arskii fields Territories microdistricts Tankodrom , Adel Kutuy ( in common parlance - Adelka ) , a large urban-type settlement Derbyshki and several other peripheral settlements , including included in the city of Kazan has recently ( in 1998 and 2004 ) as well as several large industrial enterprises in industrial zones . The district extends seal of existing and new construction of `` sleeping '' microdistricts of mass residential development - Kazan - XXI ( formerly Takeoff in place of the old airport ) Culon-stroy and other . According to the general plan of city development , planned renovation of the residential quarters of industrial zones along the street Guards in south-western part of the district , as well as the newly annexed to the city ( in 2004 . ) Unused areas - development through enterprise , derived from the inner city , industrial area east of Kazankompressormash ) and the construction of no less than Azino new `` sleeping '' area of mass multi-storey buildings Zanoksinskiy-Novoe Azino , Azino-east of the locality Voznesenskoye . Previously , before 1956 the main part of the district was the Molotovskiy district which in 1934 was split from the eastern part of the Bauman district ( formed in 1918 ) . In the district there are : 17 industrial enterprises 17 building organizations 17 enterprises of transport and communication 19 research institutes and design bureaus 39 schools and 2 schools for young workers 7 professional schools 5 colleges 67 kindergartens 33 health care more than 130 sports facilities , including a unique stadium `` Raketa ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
b84dc9455fdabee872e7dd35cf8ff6c3	The American actress Hayden Panettiere was ten years old when she starred in Remember the Titans.	[ { "docid": "b55c7f3ebb4246b158a3b823b642dc8f", "text": "Hayden Panettiere Hayden Leslie Panettiere ( born August 21 , 1989 ) is an American actress , model , singer , and activist . She is known for her roles as cheerleader Claire Bennet on the NBC sci-fi series Heroes ( 2006 -- 10 ) , Juliette Barnes in the ABC/CMT musical-drama series Nashville ( 2012 -- present ) and Kairi in the video game series Kingdom Hearts . A native of New York City , she first appeared in a commercial at the age of 11 months . She began her acting career by playing Sarah Roberts on One Life to Live ( 1994 -- 97 ) , and Lizzie Spaulding on Guiding Light ( 1996 -- 2000 ) , before starring at age 10 as Sheryl Yoast in the Disney feature film Remember the Titans . Other notable roles include her portrayal of the title character in the true crime drama Amanda Knox : Murder on Trial in Italy and Kirby Reed in the slasher film Scream 4 . She received two nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries or Television Film , for her work on Nashville in 2012 and 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "114d49d73e3f883992a58c33f3820afb", "text": "10th Saturn Awards The 10th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film in 1982 , were held on July 30 , 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e56c3450a07c7ebdb06b9b40fca43be", "text": "10 Years Younger in 10 Days 10 Years Younger in 10 Days is a reality make-over show that screens on the Seven Network in Australia . The series is presented by Sonia Kruger and is based on the British series 10 Years Younger . With the help of experts the participants of the show are given a complete make over in an attempt to make them look 10 Years Younger in 10 Days . At the start of the program the person 's age is guessed by people on the street and an average is taken . From this average the target image is set . At the end of the show this happens again to see the results . The show premiered on 21 April 2009 and rated 1,348,000 viewers and came in fifth position for the night , a particularly strong result given its 9:30 pm timeslot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9644aee915a6d96e76d4acec602f536f", "text": "Brothers (2009 film) Brothers is a 2009 American psychological war drama film and a remake of Susanne Bier 's Danish film Brødre ( 2004 ) , which takes place in Afghanistan and Denmark . The film stars Tobey Maguire , Jake Gyllenhaal , and Natalie Portman , and is directed by Jim Sheridan . Both films take inspiration from Homer 's epic poem , the Odyssey . The film received a mixed to positive response and grossed $ 43 million . Tobey Maguire received particular praise for his performance and received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama for his performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db0f13bf76b775aef2c1d103458d2ed2", "text": "Julianne Michelle Julianne Michelle ( born Sept. 5 , 1987 ) is an American film and television actress . She has appeared in more than 23 productions , beginning in 1992 when she was 5 years old .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d34cb07d090dc1bbf1d0a1524705fe2e", "text": "Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women . After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' . Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music . Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cdfe75e575f2f122af44f0739f4bb4c", "text": "Room 10 Room 10 is a 2006 Jennifer Aniston co-directed short film starring Robin Wright .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48ecf4aa4801d8852817a44f95d4a497", "text": "Allanah Starr Allanah Starr is an American male-to-female transsexual former pornographic actress . She grew up in Miami , Florida but later relocated to New York City around 1999 . She has described herself as having `` always felt extremely effeminate '' but did not start dressing as a female until after high school , when she attended art school . Her films include Allanah Starr 's Big Boob Adventures , directed by transsexual Gia Darling , which included a pornographic first - a filmed sex scene between a male-to-female transsexual and a female-to-male transsexual ( Buck Angel ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8c95a6547b77ac3407394b257a506bf", "text": "10 Years Younger (U.S. TV series) 10 Years Younger ( also abbreviated as 10YY ) is an American reality series that aired on TLC . It takes individuals and transform them to look more `` glamorous '' , or ` ten years younger ' , hence the name of the show . As of February 2011 , the Oprah Winfrey Network have been airing reruns of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76f7437cb59b8acafe7b352d27679ce9", "text": "Clash of the Titans (franchise) Clash of the Titans is a British -- American fantasy action media franchise based on characters and myths of Ancient Greek mythology . The first film , Clash of the Titans , was released in 1981 with a remake made in 2010 . The remake spawned a sequel , Wrath of the Titans , in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a64e1f33ff3858c26086a9a1ad1d7f", "text": "Country Strong Country Strong ( originally titled Love Do n't Let Me Down ) is a 2010 drama film starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Tim McGraw , Garrett Hedlund , and Leighton Meester . The film , about an emotionally unstable country music star who attempts to resurrect her career , was directed and written by American filmmaker Shana Feste . It premiered in Nashville , Tennessee on November 8 , 2010 , and had a wide release in the United States on January 7 , 2011 . This is the second film in which McGraw and Hedlund have worked together , the first being Friday Night Lights in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb44af2bdcac9261a62c96d075f4b2dc", "text": "1999 Tennessee Titans season The 1999 Tennessee Titans season was the franchise 's 40th season and their 30th in the National Football League ( NFL ) . It was the first year for the club under the moniker `` Titans '' , while the nickname `` Oilers '' was retired by the NFL . The Titans became the seventh Wild Card to qualify for the Super Bowl . However , after defeating the Bills , Colts , and Jaguars in the postseason , they lost the Super Bowl to the St. Louis Rams , 23 -- 16 on a famous last second tackle made by Rams defender Mike Jones at the goal line that prevented Titans receiver Kevin Dyson from scoring a game-tying touchdown . The highlight of the season was the Wild Card game against the Buffalo Bills , dubbed the Music City Miracle . In the games closing seconds , Kevin Dyson caught a lateral on a kickoff and ran all the way down the sidelines for a touchdown . The team drafted defensive end Jevon Kearse with the 16th pick of the 1999 NFL Draft . He had his best years in Tennessee , being named to three consecutive Pro Bowls ( 1999 -- 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca37fbbe933ab2df49038ff9f2d73658", "text": "Gia Mantegna Gina `` Gia '' Cristine Mantegna ( born April 17 , 1990 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1840bb247e32856565f6f742b2187cc6", "text": "Avalon High (film) Avalon High is a 2010 Disney Channel Original Movie starring Gregg Sulkin , Britt Robertson , Joey Pollari , and Devon Graye . The movie is loosely based on the book of the same name by Meg Cabot . It premiered on November 12 , 2010 , in the United States , January 22 , 2011 , in Australia and New Zealand , and January 28 , 2011 , in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea16382c775e115eae07213f85945ca4", "text": "Ten Wanted Men Ten Wanted Men is a 1955 Technicolor Western film from Columbia Pictures directed by H. Bruce Humberstone . It stars Randolph Scott , Jocelyn Brando , Richard Boone and Alfonso Bedoya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f90f1f367d79fad23b9a526afcd83a22", "text": "Pan (2015 film) Pan is a 2015 British - American family adventure fantasy film directed by Joe Wright and written by Jason Fuchs . The film is a prequel story to Scottish author J. M. Barrie 's Peter Pan story , first staged in 1904 . It stars Hugh Jackman , Garrett Hedlund , Rooney Mara and Amanda Seyfried , with Levi Miller as the title character . It serves as an alternative origin story for Peter Pan and Captain Hook . The film had its world premiere in London , England on September 20 , 2015 , and was theatrically released in the United States on October 9 , 2015 , by Warner Bros. . Pictures . Pan grossed $ 128.4 million on a $ 150 million budget , making it a box office bomb . The film received negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2316371a4819d7c682e63e2203c1eb48", "text": "Sharon Stone Sharon Yvonne Stone ( born March 10 , 1958 ) is an American actress , film producer , and former fashion model . Stone first came to attention for her role in the miniseries War and Remembrance ( 1989 ) and early mainstream prominence followed with her part in Paul Verhoeven 's Total Recall ( 1990 ) . She became a sex symbol and rose to international recognition with her starring role as Catherine Tramell in another Verhoeven film , the erotic thriller Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) , for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She won the Golden Globe Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Martin Scorsese 's Casino ( 1995 ) . She received another two Golden Globe Award nominations for her roles in The Mighty ( 1998 ) and The Muse ( 1999 ) . Named Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters in France in 2005 , Stone 's other notable film roles include Sliver ( 1993 ) , The Specialist ( 1994 ) , The Quick and the Dead ( 1995 ) , If These Walls Could Talk 2 ( 2000 ) , Catwoman ( 2004 ) , Broken Flowers ( 2005 ) , Alpha Dog ( 2006 ) , Bobby ( 2006 ) , Lovelace ( 2013 ) , and Fading Gigolo ( 2013 ) . Stone has made guest-appearances in The Practice ( 2004 ) , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series , and in Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2010 ) . She starred in the short-lived series Agent X ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea49e9b67e4ec15fc891f56050d151be", "text": "Puberty Blues (TV series) Puberty Blues is an Australian television drama series broadcast on Network Ten . It is based on the 1979 book by Kathy Lette and Gabrielle Carey , which was also the inspiration for the 1981 film Puberty Blues . Set during the late 1970s , the series revolves around the family and friends of Debbie and Sue , two inseparable teenage friends who are progressing through the coming of age process . The first series of eight episodes began airing from 15 August 2012 . A second series was later confirmed and premiered on 5 March 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7939cd7ddfe057e057e18f9eceedf777", "text": "Pat Bond Pat Bond ( February 27 , 1925 -- December 24 , 1990 ) was an American actress who starred on stage and on television , as well as in motion pictures . She was openly lesbian and in many cases she was the first gay woman people saw on stage . Her career spanned some forty years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5384346405d3a93ab8f0db8f69af9f38", "text": "Elle Fanning Mary Elle Fanning ( born April 9 , 1998 ) is an American actress . She is the younger sister of actress Dakota Fanning . In 2011 , Fanning starred in her breakout role as Alice Dainard in J. J. Abrams ' sci-fi-drama , Super 8 , for which she received a Spotlight Award at the Hollywood Film Festival , and was cited as one of the film 's best aspects by The Telegraph . Fanning has received multiple nominations , including for a Saturn Award , a Young Artist Award , a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award , a Teen Choice Award , a Scream Award , and an MTV Movie Award . She is mainly known for her starring roles in Phoebe in Wonderland , Somewhere , We Bought a Zoo , Ginger and Rosa , Maleficent , and The Neon Demon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0c4d385f38d3a3c78cf1d4d771e286dc	Instant film was thrown away by Polaroid.	[ { "docid": "da1ae76922cf8675e54887b9421b78f6", "text": "Instant film Instant film is a type of photographic film introduced by Polaroid to be used in an instant camera ( and , with accessory hardware , many other professional film cameras ) . The film contains the chemicals needed for developing and fixing the photograph , and the instant camera exposes and initiates the developing process after a photo has been taken . In earlier Polaroid instant cameras the film is pulled through rollers which breaks open a pod containing a reagent that is spread between the exposed negative and receiving positive sheet . This film sandwich develops for some time after which the positive sheet is peeled away from the negative to reveal the developed photo . In 1972 , Polaroid introduced integral film , which incorporated timing and receiving layers to automatically develop and fix the photo without any intervention from the photographer . Instant film is available in sizes from 24 x ( similar to 135 film ) up to 50.8 x size , with the most popular film sizes for consumer snapshots being approximately 83 x ( the image itself is smaller as it is surrounded by a border ) . Early instant film was distributed on rolls , but later and current films are supplied in packs of 8 or 10 sheets , and single sheet films for use in large format cameras with a compatible back . Though the quality of integral instant film is not as good as conventional film , peel apart black and white film , and to a lesser extent color film approached the quality of traditional film types . Instant film was used where it was undesirable to have to wait for a roll of conventional film to be finished and processed , e.g. , documenting evidence in law enforcement , in health care and scientific applications , and producing photographs for passports and other identity documents , or simply for snapshots to be seen immediately . Some photographers use instant film for test shots , to see how a subject or setup looks before using conventional film for the final exposure . Instant film is also used by artists to achieve effects that are impossible to accomplish with traditional photography , by manipulating the emulsion during the developing process , or separating the image emulsion from the film base . Instant film has been supplanted for most purposes by digital photography , which allows the result to be viewed immediately on a display screen or printed with dye sublimation , inkjet , or laser home or professional printers . Instant film is notable for having had a wider range of film speeds available than other negative films of the same era , having been produced in ISO 4 to ISO 20,000 . Current instant film formats typically have an ISO between 100 and 1000 . Two companies manufacture instant film : Fujifilm ( Instax integral film ) and The Impossible Project for older Polaroid cameras ( 600 , SX-70 , Spectra and 8x10 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "46cd63d67a17dfaec6ade7195542e925", "text": "Canon FT QL The Canon FT QL is a 35mm single-lens reflex camera introduced by Canon of Japan in March 1966 . It has a Canon FL lens mount compatible with the large range of FL series lenses . The FT can also operate the later Canon FD series lenses in stop-down mode , but the earlier R series has a different lens aperture mechanism and can not be used , although the bayonet fitting is similar . The standard kit lenses were Canon 's 50mm f/1 .8 ; 50mm f/1 .4 and 58mm f/1 .2 , the body-only option was offered later . FT QL was introduced in March 1966 , a year after the pellicle mirrored Canon Pellix . However it differs from the Pellix models , having a normal quick-return reflex mirror and offering stop-down TTL metering . The TTL metering is semi-spot in nature and works through a prism incorporated in the viewfinder condenser/screen assembly . The later Canon F-1 has a similar prism for metering in its removable screen . The Canon FT viewfinder screen is not user changeable . The pentaprism finder is fixed like the similar FX and FP models but unlike some earlier Canon R reflexes . The cloth focal plane shutter has speeds from 1 sec to 1/1000 and B . The electronic flash sync . speed is 1/60 . A delayed action timer gives 8 -- 10 seconds delay , using the same front of body lever that actuates the stop-down metering . The mirror can be locked up for vibration reduction or for use with special FL lenses like the original 19mm f3 .5 wide angle which projects deeply into the body and would foul the mirror . The QL designation was a reference to Canon 's ingenious and successful `` quick load '' system . A stainless steel sprung hinged device inside the rear door makes film loading simpler than competing cameras of the era . An accessory device , the Canon Booster , worked only with the FT QL and Pellix QL . It is a plug-in device that sits on the accessory shoe and increases the metering sensitivity by a factor of 16 for measuring exposure in poor light . Its operation is somewhat clumsy and is best kept for tripod use . The Canon FT is one of a series of three basically identical cameras released around this time . The first was the Canon FX which had a built-in meter , but no through-the-lens ( TTL ) metering , instead using a window on the camera body front . The later entry level FP has no built-in meter . The final model was the top of this sector , the FT QL . Canon offered this version to combat the growing popularity of the Pentax Spotmatic variants as well as the Topcon RE SLRs . The FT QL and its sisters were an important step for Canon , leading to a number of improved versions such as the FTb and the full professional camera system the F-1 . FT QL production ended in 1972 after the FTb was introduced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26eb7985b1e7b0001bef1ea7701087f4", "text": "Kinema Junpo , commonly called , is Japan 's oldest film magazine and began publication in July 1919 . It was first published three times a month , using the Japanese Jun system of dividing months into three parts , but the postwar Kinema Junpō has been published twice a month . The magazine was founded by a group of four students , including Saburō Tanaka , at the Tokyo Institute of Technology ( Tokyo Technical High School at the time ) . In that first month , it was published three times on days with a `` 1 '' in them . These first three issues were printed on art paper and had four pages each . Kinejun initially specialized in covering foreign films , in part because its writers sided with the principles of the Pure Film Movement and strongly criticized Japanese cinema . It later expanded coverage to films released in Japan . While long emphasizing film criticism , it has also served as a trade journal , reporting on the film industry in Japan and announcing new films and trends . After their building was destroyed in the Great Kantō earthquake in September 1923 , the Kinejun offices were moved to the city of Ashiya in the Hanshin area of Japan , though the main offices are now back in Tokyo . The Kinema Junpo awards began in 1926 , and their 10 best list is considered iconic and prestigious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9d5883b8fec15a3a6a804a8354b4f83", "text": "Definity (film recorder) Definity is a digital film recorder for motion picture applications , produced by CCG Digital Image Technology , the successor of Agfa-Gevaert 's film recorder division . Launched at NAB in Las Vegas in 2004 , Definity marked a departure from previous , more analogue technologies of recording digital sequences onto motion picture film as it utilizes a monochrome high-resolution LCD panel . Before Definity 's launch , LCD technology was commonly regarded as unsuitable for film recording purposes , despite its great potential : Main problems were limitations in bit depth , temporary image retention ( TIR ) and insufficiently saturated colors . Definity 's imaging unit exploits the sub-pixel structure of the LCD in order to record anamorphic `` CinemaScope '' material without loss of horizontal image information : When instead of the standard square pixels the device utilizes its native anamorphic pixels ( with an aspect of 3:1 ) , flat widescreen material with a typical aspect ratio of 2.36:1 is horizontal compressed on the LCD , thus arriving at a squeezed , 1.18:1 image required on-film without having to jettison vital image information . Since 2010 CCG launched a new full LED backlight system to increase the contrast and Density range by using 4320 separate RGB LEDs , increasing speed and Contrast ratio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1146f2b571a710c163739ce10c7298e", "text": "Film gate The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light . The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way . The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film . Occasionally , as the film passes through the gate , friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening . This debris is called hairs . A `` hair in the gate '' will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot . A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without being removed digitally . Because of the intractability of this problem the 1st Assistant Camera ( in the UK this position is known as focus puller ) will open the camera and examine the gate for hairs at the end of each shot . Normally the assistant director will call out `` check the gate '' when the director is ready to move on to the next shot . The crew will wait until the focus puller calls out `` gate is clean . '' If the gate is not clean , it will be cleaned with orangewood sticks and canned air and the crew will take the shot again . A good camera crew usually checks all cameras and magazines during equipment checkout with scratch tests using fogged film rolls -- this will catch out any possible scratch or hair problems caused by faulty equipment . However , a variety of other factors including environment , humidity , type of film stock , camera position , film ridging , and lacing can each be responsible for a `` hair in the gate '' . Generally , skilled crew and regularly inspected tested equipment make this a rare occurrence , and it is not unheard of for assistants to go for months without seeing one , even on large-scale shoots . The cinematographer Oliver Stapleton praised his assisting team on Casanova for not having a single hair or scratch for the whole shoot , even though large portions were shot on dusty exteriors . Video cameras do not have this problem , as any malfunction to the sensor will render the entire system useless . The Arri D-20 and D-21 system , however , does have removable lenses and a rotating optical shutter , which means that the CMOS sensor can be exposed in much the same way as a film gate and thus needs to be kept assiduously clean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "883bcfec10cfe8646859b5361db30760", "text": "Postage stamp design error A postage stamp design error is a mistake made during the design phase of the postage stamp production process . Design errors most commonly occur as minor mistakes , such as a missing letter in the binomial name of an organism depicted on the stamp , but some have been major gaffes , such as a map appearing to lay claim to another country 's territory , or the depiction of the wrong person on the stamp . A design error caught during the production process may disappear quietly , with copies of the error only getting into the public 's hands via unscrupulous employees ( these are therefore not considered `` real '' stamps ) . Design errors are often caught during the distribution process , when large numbers of postal workers are scrutinizing the new stamp ; although officials may elect to withdraw all the stamps at that point , it is very difficult to retrieve every one of them , and in these instances a few may end up being sold and used . The exact circumstance are important , because once the stamp is sold to a customer , whether or not against the postal service 's rules , it is considered to be legitimate . The Legends of the West sheet was a particularly difficult case . Shortly before the release of this commemorative series ( and after sheets had already been sent to post offices and found their way into collectors ' hands ) , a claim was made that the image of Bill Pickett used for his stamp 's painting was actually an image of his brother Ben . The United States Postal Service decided to recall the stamps and re-issue them later with Pickett 's stamp based on an image known with certainty to be him . The USPS sold the entire run of erroneous stamps at face value by lottery . Somewhat rarer is a design error that is first noticed by a member of the public . This usually happens within a few days of the stamp first going on sale , and usually ends up as the subject of newspaper articles . A recent example of this is the Maya Angelou stamp issued by the U.S. Postal Service on April 7 , 2015 . The stamp contains a quotation that had been frequently attributed to Ms. Angelou , but was really written by Joan Walsh Anglund . In this circumstance , the Postal Service was unaware of the real author until it was brought to their attention by The Washington Post . The response of postal officials may include withdrawal of all the stamps , or simply the suspension of printing and distribution , pending revision and reprinting . If the stamps are withdrawn , then the ones already out there become instant rarities , as happened with the PRC 's `` All China is Red '' stamp of 1968 . The withdrawn stamps may be destroyed or overprinted if the design can be repaired that way . Design errors occurring during chaotic times such as revolutions will simply become a topic of discussion for future philatelists . Similarly for errors occurring in highly technical aspects , such as the spelling of a scientific name of a plant or animal , and may not be noticed during the stamp 's period of use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b828fb2af39b1ec12ce68e6236d4d1f", "text": "616 film 616 film was originally produced by Kodak in 1932 along with 620 film for the Kodak Six-16 camera . Seventy millimetres wide , the film produced 63.5 mm × 108 mm ( 2.5 '' × 4.25 '' ) negatives . It was the same format as that of 116 film but on a slimmer spool , for use in more compact cameras . The format was used in many other cameras such as the Kodak Brownie Junior and the Kodak Target SIX-16 . The first `` 6 '' in the name refers to the number of frames that could originally be exposed on a single roll of film . To avoid customer confusion , the name was not changed when this was increased to eight exposures . From the 30s on , 616 film became less and less popular , in favor of 120 and other film formats . The film was finally discontinued in 1984 , while 620 film was discontinued in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "852747ac64d82307a7d6e58b4e363bb7", "text": "List of lost films For this list of lost films , a lost film is defined as one of which no part of a print is known to have survived . For films in which any portion of the footage remains ( including trailers ) , see List of incomplete or partially lost films . Films may go missing for a number of reasons . One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until the early 1950s . This type of film is highly flammable , and there have been several devastating fires , such as the 1937 Fox vault fire , the 1967 MGM vault fire , and the Universal Pictures fire in 1924 . Black-and-white film prints judged to be otherwise worthless were sometimes incinerated to salvage the meager scrap value of the silver image particles in their emulsions . Films have disappeared when production companies went bankrupt . Occasionally , a studio would remake a film and destroy the earlier version . Silent films in particular were once seen as having no further commercial value and were simply junked to clear out expensive storage space . This is necessarily an incomplete list . Martin Scorsese 's Film Foundation claims that `` half of all American films made before 1950 and over 90 % of films made before 1929 are lost forever . '' Deutsche Kinemathek estimates that 80 -- 90 % of silent films are gone ; the film archive 's own list contains over 3500 lost films . A study by the Library of Congress states that 75 % of all silent films are now lost . While others dispute whether the percentage is quite that high , it is impractical to enumerate any but the more notable and those that can be sourced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3fc8786895e87624acbf774f04f73e", "text": "Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. . Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. . Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa301fa8c4b057f6917f0fd698558e02", "text": "Phantom India L'Inde fantôme : Reflexions sur un voyage is a 1969 French seven part television documentary miniseries about India , directed by Louis Malle . It was shown on BBC television as Phantom India . Malle later said that the film was his most personal work and the one he was most proud of , it is widely regarded as the crowning achievement of his career . It was initially inspired by a two-month trip to India in late 1967 that Malle made on behalf of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs to present a selection of `` new French cinema '' throughout the country . Filming took place between January 5 , 1968 and May 1 , 1968 with a crew of two , a cameraman and a sound recordist . Malle arrived in India with no particular plans and financed the trip himself . The resulting 30 hours of footage was then edited down to the 363 minutes of Phantom India . The 105-minute-long Calcutta used the footage he had recorded over his three-week stay in that city . Phantom India was shown on French television and the BBC in the UK in 1969 . Many British Indians and the Indian Government felt that Malle had shown a one-sided portrait of India , focussing on the impoverished , rather than the developing , parts of the country . A diplomatic incident occurred when the Indian government asked the BBC to stop broadcasting the programme . The BBC refused and were briefly asked to leave their New Delhi bureau .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75b3c12243871226c17819328bfbd9e4", "text": "Rolling shutter Rolling shutter is a method of image capture in which a still picture ( in a still camera ) or each frame of a video ( in a video camera ) is captured not by taking a snapshot of the entire scene at single instant in time but rather by scanning across the scene rapidly , either vertically or horizontally . In other words , not all parts of the image of the scene are recorded at exactly the same instant . ( Though , during playback , the entire image of the scene is displayed at once , as if it represents a single instant in time . ) This produces predictable distortions of fast-moving objects or rapid flashes of light . This is in contrast with `` global shutter '' in which the entire frame is captured at the same instant . The `` rolling shutter '' can be either mechanical or electronic . The advantage of this method is that the image sensor can continue to gather photons during the acquisition process , thus effectively increasing sensitivity . It is found on many digital still and video cameras using CMOS sensors . The effect is most noticeable when imaging extreme conditions of motion or the fast flashing of light . While some CMOS sensors use a global shutter , the majority found in the consumer market use a rolling shutter . CCDs ( charge-coupled devices ) are alternatives to CMOS sensors , which are generally more sensitive and more expensive . CCD-based cameras often use global shutters , which take a snapshot representing a single instant in time and therefore do not suffer from the motion artifacts caused by rolling shutters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e433214333cdf87506389a4a735aed", "text": "Substitution splice The substitution splice is a cinematic special effect in which film makers achieve an appearance , disappearance , or transformation using a cut . It is sometimes also called the stop trick or the stop motion substitution , although the effect is achieved through film editing rather than by literally stopping the camera . The pioneering French filmmaker Georges Méliès claimed to have accidentally developed substitution splicing while filming street traffic at the Place de l'Opéra in Paris . According to his story , his camera jammed and stopped ; by the time he had solved the difficulty , the traffic had moved on . When the film was screened , a man appeared to change into a woman , and an omnibus seemed to turn into a hearse . No evidence has emerged to support this story , which was probably entirely invented by Méliès . According to the film scholar Jacques Deslandes , it is more likely that Méliès discovered the substitution splice by carefully examining a print of the Edison Manufacturing Company 's 1895 film The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots , in which a primitive version of the trick appears . In any case , the substitution splice was both the first special effect Méliès perfected , and the most important in his body of work . For some time , film theorists mistakenly believed that the camera was actually stopped for the effect , and then restarted ( hence the occasionally used term `` stop trick '' ) . However , later film historians such as Richard Abel and Elizabeth Ezra established that the effect was the result of Méliès 's careful frame matching during the editing process , creating a seamless match cut out of two separately staged shots . Indeed , Méliès often used substitution splicing not as an obvious special effect , but as an inconspicuous editing technique , matching and combining short takes into one apparently seamless longer shot . Substitution splicing could become even more seamless when the film was colored by hand , as many of Méliès 's films were ; the addition of painted color acts as a sleight of hand technique allowing the cuts to pass by unnoticed . The substitution splice was the most popular cinematic special effect in early film fantasies , especially those that evolved from the stage tradition of the féerie . Segundo de Chomón is among the other filmmakers who used substitution splicing to create elaborate fantasy effects . D.W. Griffith 's 1909 film The Curtain Pole , starring Mack Sennett , used substitution splices for comedic effect . The transformations made possible by the substitution splice were so central to early fantasy films that , in France , such films were often described simply as scènes à transformation . This technique is different from the stop motion technique , in which the entire shot is created frame by frame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6afcb9a25ab9ad280ecbeffad7e11305", "text": "Digital Collections Selection Criteria Digital Collections Selection Criteria are applied by organisations ( typically libraries ) creating a digital library which of their existing holdings and forthcoming acquisitions to digitize for inclusion . A strategy with defined selection priorities for digitization is critical , and should consider both preservation and access . factors to consider are : the value of materials ; the condition of materials ; use of materials ; and material characteristics ensuring a high level of success . For the Library of Congress , items of national interest were prime candidates both to improve access and reduce wear and tear on the physical copies . In the early discussions about digitization of library materials the selection decisions were often proposed based on a desire for better access to that item 's content , and not on the condition or value of the original item . In 2001 , Paula De Stefano wrote that a use-based group of criteria was promising , as it is `` fundamental to collection development and is the common thread in all selection decisions '' . In practice , however , her study showed that most digital projects focused on special collections , which are generally not the most popular items in the overall collection . The persistent risk of disappearing `` last copies '' . and the declines seen in the condition of national treasures , as exemplified by the 2005 Heritage Health Index Report on the State of America 's Collections provide the rationale for establishing priorities and balancing access with preservation needs . The transient nature of electronic information can contribute to a phenomenon called `` memory loss . '' This is a result of data extinctions as technologies become obsolete . There is also a drift away from original bibliographic contexts as time passes . A 1998 Council on Library and Information Sources white paper identified the following comprehensive considerations for selection : assessment of the intellectual and physical nature of the source materials ; the number and location of current and potential users ; the current and potential nature of use ; the format and nature of the proposed digital product and how it will be described , delivered , and archived ; how the proposed product relates to other digitization efforts ; and projections of costs in relation to benefits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e94a9fd295eb31f5a6afe1560ae9a1ee", "text": "Agfacolor thumb \| An Agfacolor slide dating from the early 1940s . While the colors themselves have held up well , damage visible includes dust and Newton 's rings.Agfacolor was the name of a series of color film products made by Agfa of Germany . The first Agfacolor , introduced in 1932 , was a film-based version of their Agfa-Farbenplatte ( Agfa color plate ) , a `` screen plate '' product similar to the French Autochrome . In late 1936 Agfa introduced Agfacolor Neu ( New Agfacolor ) , a pioneering color film of the general type still in use today . The new Agfacolor was originally a reversal film used for making `` slides '' , home movies and short documentaries . By 1939 it had also been adapted into a negative film and a print film for use by the German motion picture industry . After World War II , the Agfacolor brand was applied to several varieties of color negative film for still photography , in which the negatives were used to make color prints on paper . The reversal film was then marketed as Agfachrome . Agfacolor Neu , called simply Agfacolor after its predecessor had been retired , was the German response to Technicolor and Kodachrome . Like Kodachrome , introduced by Eastman Kodak in 1935 , the new Agfacolor film was an `` integral tripack '' with three differently color-sensitized emulsion layers . Unlike Kodachrome , the corresponding color-forming dye couplers were made integral with each layer during manufacture , greatly simplifying the processing of the film : with Kodachrome , the dye couplers had to be introduced one at a time during a very complicated development procedure that required special equipment and could only be done at a Kodak processing plant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4621d0953097b10281877f7a9f0d03a3", "text": "Canned Film Festival The Canned Film Festival is a comedy-based motion picture television series that was nationally syndicated during the late night hours in the United States for a single season in the summer of 1986 . With only a one-letter difference in the spelling , the name is an intentional play on the name for the Cannes Film Festival , the annual world-renowned film-screening celebration in Cannes , France . Not to be confused with the latter , the Canned Film Festival featured B movies as the centerpiece for each television episode , and was composed of short vignettes interwoven throughout the films . Boasting the tagline `` late night with the best of the worst '' , the series was promoted and sponsored by the Dr Pepper Company , whose then-tagline `` out-of-the-ordinary '' echoed the show 's collection of odd and strange movies . The series was created by Young & Rubicam , developed for television by Chelsea Communications , and distributed by LBS Communications . Although similar in style to the successful Mystery Science Theater 3000 series that aired a few years later , the Canned Film Festival differed in that its comedy scenes occurred strictly during the commercial intermissions instead of adding peanut gallery type satire during the actual run of the movies . In addition , the script , although comedic in nature , often reflected upon the serious contextual and cultural subjects contained in the featured movies , sometimes providing historical insight into their production . An example is seen during the episode featuring Project Moonbase , where female spaceship commanders were discussed as an accurate future prediction by the 1950s era movie , as were cordless telephones and big screen televisions . The featured B movies of the series were not full-length , and edited to fit the show 's approximately two-hour timeframe per episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27f701b9ff8d05f86b69dcf203532fad", "text": "Intermediate film system The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera , then scanned by a television scanner , and transmitted over the air . This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light , but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shown through motion picture film directly into the camera lens . John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932 , borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany , where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934 . The BBC used Baird 's version of the process during the first three months of its then - `` high-definition '' television service from November 1936 through January 1937 , and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics . In both cases , intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras . The exposed film , either 35mm or 17.5 mm ( 35mm split in half , to save expense ) , travelled in a continuous band from the camera , usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle , into a machine that developed and fixed the image . The film was then run through a flying spot scanner ( so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image ) , and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image . Depending on the equipment , the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less . An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film , between the perforations and the edge of the film , at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization . The intermediate film system , with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras , did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time , with a better image quality than the later kinescope films , which were shot from a video monitor . Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States , and by EMI in England , with much higher sensitivity to light , made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937 . Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96720151a66d64c7483a386c3819d80", "text": "Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers . Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection . In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate . The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) . One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk . The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9662ad44721160269e2edfe86827de10", "text": "Plastic recycling Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastic and reprocessing the material into useful products . Since the vast majority of plastic is non-biodegradable , recycling is a part of global efforts to reduce plastic in the waste stream , especially the approximately eight million metric tonnes of waste plastic that enter the Earth 's ocean every year . This helps to reduce the high rates of plastic pollution . Plastic recycling includes taking any type of plastic , sorting it into different polymers and then chipping it and then melting it down into pellets . After this stage , it can then be used to make items of any sort such as plastic chairs and tables . Soft Plastics are also recycled such as polyethylene film and bags . This closed-loop operation has taken place since the 1970s and has made the production of some plastic products amongst the most efficient operations today . Compared with lucrative recycling of metal , and similar to the low value of glass , plastic polymers recycling is often more challenging because of low density and low value . There are also numerous technical hurdles to overcome when recycling plastic . A macro molecule interacts with its environment along its entire length , so total energy involved in mixing it is largely due to the product side stoichiometry ( see enthalpy ) . Heating alone is not enough to dissolve such a large molecule , so plastics must often be of nearly identical composition to mix efficiently . When different types of plastics are melted together , they tend to phase-separate , like oil and water , and set in these layers . The phase boundaries cause structural weakness in the resulting material , meaning that polymer blends are useful in only limited applications . The two most widely manufactured plastics , polypropylene and polyethylene behave this way , which limits their utility for recycling . Recently , the use of block copolymers as `` molecular stitches '' or `` macromolecular welding flux '' has been proposed to overcome the difficulties associated with phase separation during recycling . Another barrier to recycling is the widespread use of dyes , fillers , and other additives in plastics . The polymer is generally too viscous to economically remove fillers , and would be damaged by many of the processes that could cheaply remove the added dyes . Additives are less widely used in beverage containers and plastic bags , allowing them to be recycled more often . Yet another barrier to removing large quantities of plastic from the waste stream and landfills is the fact that many common but small plastic items lack the universal triangle recycling symbol and accompanying number . An example is the billions of plastic utensils commonly distributed at fast food restaurants or sold for use at picnics . The percentage of plastic that can be fully recycled , rather than downcycled or go to waste can be increased when manufacturers of packaged goods minimize mixing of packaging materials and eliminate contaminants . The Association of Plastics Recyclers have issued a Design Guide for Recyclability . The use of biodegradable plastics is increasing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3a7ba6858ee603fa3285a48e085c34e", "text": "Early Abstractions Early Abstractions is a collection of seven short animated films created by Harry Everett Smith between 1939 and 1956 . Each film is between two and six minutes long , and is named according to the chronological order in which it was made . The collection includes Numbers 1 -- 5 , 7 , and 10 , while the missing Numbers 8 and 9 are presumed to have been lost . The idea of the numbering was to suggest a coherent link between each individual film , and that they were to be treated not just on their own but as part of a larger body of work . Of the missing chapters , Number 6 was made up of three-dimensional optically printed abstractions ; Number 8 was a black and white collage of clippings taken from nineteenth century ladies wear catalogues and elocution books , and Number 9 was a color collage of biology books and nineteenth century temperance movement \| posters . The remaining films show a gradual evolution in Smith 's technical complexity , with blunt abstraction rudimentary motion more prominent in the early shorts , in contrast to an allegoric dance of Tarot cards , and Buddhist and Cabalistic symbols . Initially recorded with no sound , a medley of music by The Beatles was added retrospectively . Because the songs do not exactly sync up with each individual film , some critics have opined that this does not enhance the film , and recommend watching it in silence . In 2006 , Early Abstractions was selected to the National Film Registry by the Librarian of Congress for its `` cultural , historical , or aesthetic significance '' . The Academy Film Archive preserved films 1 , 2 , and 3 of Abstractions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d48fcbdec0e3fb5add8248d110eaa4", "text": "Drift ice Drift ice is any sea ice other than fast ice , the latter being attached ( `` fastened '' ) to the shoreline or other fixed objects ( shoals , grounded icebergs , etc. ) . Drift ice is carried along by winds and sea currents , hence its name . When drift ice is driven together into a large single mass ( > 70 % coverage ) , it is called pack ice . Wind and currents can pile up that ice to form ridges up to several metres in height . These represent a challenge for icebreakers and offshore structures operating in cold oceans and seas . Drift ice consists of floes , individual pieces of sea ice 20 m or more across . There are names for various floe sizes : small -- 20 m to 100 m ; medium -- 100 m to 500 m ; big -- 500 m to 2000 m ; vast -- 2 km to 10 km ; and giant -- more than 10 km . Seasonal ice drift in the Sea of Okhotsk by the northern coast of Hokkaidō , Japan has become a tourist attraction of this area with harsh climate , and is one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan . The Sea of Okhotsk is the southernmost area in the Northern hemisphere where drift ice may be observed . Drift ice affects : Security of navigation Climatic impact ( see Polar ice packs ) Geological impact Biosphere influence ( see Ecology of sea ice ) The two major ice packs are the Arctic ice pack and the Antarctic ice pack . The most important areas of pack ice are the polar ice packs formed from seawater in the Earth 's polar regions : the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean . Polar packs significantly change their size during seasonal changes of the year . Because of vast amounts of water added to or removed from the oceans and atmosphere , the behavior of polar ice packs has a significant impact on global changes in climate .", "title": "" } ]	fever
097101c2cfa0c14b5a361e15ab69ec49	Arya Stark is the youngest daughter of Lady Catelyn Stark.	[ { "docid": "b91599b6621309561937aee3aaa70e8e", "text": "Arya Stark Arya Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent point of view character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series , and also a main character in HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Arya is the younger daughter of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She is headstrong , independent , disdains traditional female pursuits , and is often mistaken for a boy . She wields a sword named Needle , a gift from her half-brother , Jon Snow , and is trained in the Braavosi style of sword fighting . Arya is portrayed by Maisie Williams on the HBO series Game of Thrones . Her performance has garnered critical acclaim , particularly in the second season for her work opposite veteran actor Charles Dance ( Tywin Lannister ) when she served as his cupbearer . She is among the most popular characters in either version of the story . Williams was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the role in 2016 . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "17f1426cbb4362eab2b09bad18d1e169", "text": "Claude Chirac Claude Chirac , ( born 6 December 1962 ) , the youngest daughter of French president Jacques Chirac , has been her father 's personal advisor since 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0", "text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4031ee0f69f0cf1e9a5a8f0ff9286923", "text": "Morgan Stark Morgan Stark is a Marvel Comics character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e61a17e91342555dee5ebf5c1180b7", "text": "Alethea Alethea is an English language female first name derived from the ancient and modern Greek feminine noun αλήθεια ( pronounced `` al-ee-thia '' ) , meaning `` truth '' . It is thus an equivalent of the name Verity , from the Latin feminine noun veritas , `` truth '' . As an English first name it is frequently pronounced in modern times in an Anglicised form as `` Ala-thee-a '' . The name dates from the 16th century , as given in 1585 to Alethea Talbot ( 1585 -- 1654 ) , the youngest daughter of Gilbert Talbot , 7th Earl of Shrewsbury and later Countess of Arundel following her marriage to Thomas Howard , 21st Earl of Arundel . The name as used for the daughter of a wealthy nobleman in the Renaissance era in England would certainly have been pronounced `` Al-ee-thia '' , that is as an Ancient Greek word , as the father would have received a thorough education in Ancient Greek and Latin and would thus be aware of the correct pronunciation . Women named Alethea include : Alethea Charlton ( 1931 -- 1976 ) , British actress Alethea Garstin ( 1894 -- 1978 ) , English painter and Royal Academician Alethea Hayter OBE ( 1911 -- 2006 ) , English author and British Council Representative Alethea Howard , Countess of Arundel ( 1585 -- 1654 ) , née Talbot , wife of Thomas Howard , 21st Earl of Arundel Alethea Kontis ( born 1976 ) , American author and editor living in Murfreesboro , Tennessee Alethea Lewis ( 1749 -- 1827 ) , English novelist , born at Acton , near Nantwich , Cheshire Alethea McGrath , Australian actress", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e702919fa1c48d2a3b2c59ec64037bde", "text": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One . The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series . The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e4675f494758614c4bdea6b2598b779", "text": "Ioveta of Bethany Ioveta ( c. 1120-c . 1170s ) was the fourth and youngest daughter of King Baldwin II and Morphia of Melitene . She was the princess of Jerusalem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ebdf3d9dad35e687243f13bcbdef14", "text": "Dragon Harper Dragon Harper is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey , part of the Dragonriders of Pern series that she initiated in 1967 . Published forty years later , it was the twenty-first in the series . Dragon Harper and the previous novels Dragon 's Kin and Dragon 's Fire feature Kindan as a boy and young man , about 500 years after landing on Pern ( 500 AL ) . They were the first collaborations by mother and son .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec8b92b2b7a3e41a15a7067e798b8d48", "text": "Little My Little My ( original Swedish : Lilla My ( literally : `` little mu '' ) is a character in the Moomin series of books by Tove Jansson . The character first appeared in the fourth book , The Exploits of Moominpappa ( 1950 ) . She is a small , determined and fiercely independent Mymble . Little My is brash , aggressive , mischievous and disrespectful , but can also be a good friend when she wants to . She is the Mymble 's daughter 's younger sister . She was eventually adopted by the Moomin family . The name Little My originated from the twelfth letter of the Greek alphabet : μ ( Mu ) -- transliterated as my and pronounced in Swedish . In the metric system , lowercase mu μ , meaning `` one-millionth '' , represents the prefix `` micro - '' , from the Greek μικρός ( mikrós ) , meaning `` small '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c3f7ea7ea4d40edd4c7a20053ca137d", "text": "Bennet family The Bennet family are a fictional family of dwindling Hertfordshire landed gentry , created by English novelist Jane Austen . The family plays a central role in the novel Pride and Prejudice , since it is the one to which the protagonist , Elizabeth , belongs . The complex relationships between its various members influence the evolution of the plot . In a society where marriage is the only possible future for a young girl of good family , the presence in the household of five girls to marry with no other advantage than their good looks can only be a source of concern . Yet the Bennet couple do not assume their role as educators : the mother repeatedly makes a spectacle of herself , incapable of realizing that her behaviour is more likely to put off any rich , eligible young man who noticed the oldest and most pretty of her daughters . All the while , the father , an indifferent husband , whose mocking gaze only makes things worse , since he has long-since given up on reining in her behaviour , more intent on ` enjoying the show ' than in correcting her behaviour , and the behaviour of his younger daughters , regardless of how negatively it affects his daughters ' chances of respectable matches . These girls show very different behaviors according to the education they received or provided themselves : the two eldest daughters , Jane and Elizabeth , show irreproachable conduct and are appreciated by their father , while Mary , less physically attractive , displays intellectual and musical pretensions , and the two youngest are both left almost abandoned to run wild under the sloppy , careless supervision of their ineffectual mother . Other members of the Bennets staged by Jane Austen are , on the one hand Mrs Bennet 's brother and sister -- Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips , on the other hand the designated heir of Mr. Bennet 's estate , his distant paternal second cousin , the pompous and foolish Mr. William Collins . Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips contribute significantly to the progress and outcome of the story , but at a level and in a different register reflecting their respective social belonging . Collins 's character serves as a link between the gentry of Hertfordshire , to which the Bennets belong , and the large property owners Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Mr. Darcy . The legal , financial or emotional interests that unite or divide the members of the Bennet family allow Jane Austen to build a complex picture of society and to raise a number of societal issues specific to her time , particularly concerning girls ' education and legitimacy of certain behaviors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24d22d9f72b4f8005f464a9df3675e93", "text": "Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series . Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904a52308a902f1fd861fe8c9cdf39ad", "text": "Gilly (A Song of Ice and Fire) Gilly is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1998 's A Clash of Kings , she is a wildling from the wild lands north of the Wall . She subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Storm of Swords , A Feast for Crows , A Dance with Dragons and will appear in the upcoming novel The Winds of Winter . Gilly is portrayed by Hannah Murray in the HBO television adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88ffd9ff0fe412761331451d78f58240", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 24 , 2016 , and concluded on June 26 , 2016 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 50 -- 60 minutes , largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series . Some material is adapted from the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter and the fourth and fifth novels , A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons . The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the fifth season , which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland , Spain , Croatia , Iceland and Canada . Each episode cost over $ 10 million . The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne . The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle , and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North . Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe . At King 's Landing , the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras , but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow , who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen . At her trial , Cersei burns the Great Sept , killing her rivals , while Tommen kills himself . Unopposed , Cersei is crowned Queen of Westeros . Ellaria Sand and three of Oberyn Martell 's daughters kill Doran and Trystane Martell and seize control of Dorne , and Olenna discusses an alliance with Ellaria . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen is captured by Khal Moro who takes her before the khals ; she burns them alive and takes command of the Dothraki . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced new cast members , including Max von Sydow , Pilou Asbæk and James Faulkner . Critics praised its production values , writing , plot development , and cast . Game of Thrones received most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards , with 23 nominations , and won twelve , including that for Outstanding Drama Series for the second year in a row . U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season , and by approximately 13 % over its course , from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a518b29f1955e50110d02e1b242b92f8", "text": "Princess Isabella of Denmark -RCB- \| - \| \| -RCB- Princess Isabella of Denmark , Countess of Monpezat ( Isabella Henrietta Ingrid Margrethe ; born 21 April 2007 ) , is the second child and elder daughter of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary . She is the fourth grandchild and oldest granddaughter of Queen Margrethe II and her husband , Prince Henrik . She was the first girl born into the Danish royal family since the birth of her grandaunt , Queen Anne-Marie of Greece , in 1946 . She is third in the line of succession to the Danish throne , after her father and her older brother , Prince Christian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36e57225bc602d8655379bf716715675", "text": "Shahryar (Mughal prince) Shahryar ( 16 January 1605 -- 23 January 1628 ) was the fifth and youngest son of the Mughal emperor Jahangir . After Jahangir 's death , Shahryar made an attempt to become emperor and was successful with the help of his powerful stepmother Nur Jehan , who was also his mother-in-law . However , he was only titular and suffered defeat and was killed at the orders of his victorious brother Shah Jahan . His only daughter was married to Aurangzeb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f166869e1f332b7c2ba082cd2179a78a", "text": "Burger's Daughter Burger 's Daughter is a political and historical novel by the South African Nobel Prize in Literature-winner Nadine Gordimer , first published in the United Kingdom in June 1979 by Jonathan Cape . The book was expected to be banned in South Africa , and a month after publication in London the import and sale of the book in South Africa was prohibited by the Publications Control Board . Three months later , the Publications Appeal Board overturned the banning and the restrictions were lifted . Burger 's Daughter details a group of white anti-apartheid activists in South Africa seeking to overthrow the South African government . It is set in the mid-1970s , and follows the life of Rosa , the title character , as she comes to terms with her father Lionel Burger 's legacy as an activist in the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) . The perspective shifts between Rosa 's internal monologue ( often directed towards her father or her lover Conrad ) , and the omniscient narrator . The novel is rooted in the history of the anti-apartheid struggle and references to actual events and people from that period , including Nelson Mandela and the 1976 Soweto uprising . Gordimer herself was involved in South African struggle politics , and she knew many of the activists , including Bram Fischer , Mandela 's treason trial defence lawyer . She modelled the Burger family in the novel loosely on Fischer 's family , and described Burger 's Daughter as `` a coded homage '' to Fischer . While banned in South Africa , a copy of the book was smuggled into Mandela 's prison cell on Robben Island , and he reported that he `` thought well of it '' . The novel was generally well-received by critics . A reviewer for The New York Times said that Burger 's Daughter is Gordimer 's `` most political and most moving novel '' , and a review in The New York Review of Books described the style of writing as `` elegant '' , `` fastidious '' and belonging to a `` cultivated upper class '' . A critic in The Hudson Review had mixed feelings about the book , saying that it `` gives scarcely any pleasure in the reading but which one is pleased to have read nonetheless '' . Burger 's Daughter won the Central News Agency Literary Award in 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23585aef9ebc6c14724579bca7249e4b", "text": "The Climb (Game of Thrones) `` The Climb '' is the sixth episode of the third season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 26th episode of the series . Directed by Alik Sakharov and written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , it aired on May 5 , 2013 . The episode 's title comes from climbing of the wall by Jon Snow and Ygritte , and also the references from dialogue between Lord Petyr Baelish and Lord Varys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1857b19c0dc80f22ef8230b35ea57afc", "text": "Mhysa `` Mhysa '' is the third season finale of the American medieval epic fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and its 30th episode overall . Written by executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by David Nutter , it originally aired on on HBO in the United States . The episode revolves on the aftermath of the events instigated by `` The Red Wedding '' : House Frey receives the Seat of Riverrun , Roose Bolton is appointed the new `` Warden of the North '' , while House Greyjoy begins a new military campaign . In the North , Maester Aemon sends out ravens to alert the whole of Westeros about the arrival of the White Walkers . And across the narrow sea , the freed slaves of Yunkai hail Daenerys as their `` mhysa '' , the Ghiscari language 's word for `` mother '' . According to Nielsen Media Research , `` Mhysa '' was seen by 5.4 million household viewers in the United States , a twenty-eight percent increase compared to the second season finale , `` Valar Morghulis '' . After its broadcast , the episode received generally positive reviews from television critics , with some of them addressing its anti-climactic closure of the series ' third season , and its establishment of potential storylines for the fourth season , such as through the final scene 's `` glimmer of hope '' . The episode received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series at the 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9baaff2be7a370de21e0a1c491e4c1ea", "text": "George Percy, Earl Percy George Dominic Percy , Earl Percy ( born 4 May 1984 ) , is the heir apparent to the Dukedom of Northumberland . Percy was born as the second child and elder son of the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland . He became heir apparent to the dukedom in 1995 , when his uncle Henry , 11th Duke of Northumberland , died . Percy 's parents , now Duke and Duchess of Northumberland , were eager to protect him from `` vices and pitfalls '' , and filed a lawsuit to prevent him from inheriting # 1 million and a # 250,000 annual income upon turning 18 . In 1999 , they succeeded in delaying the inheritance , which Lord Percy received at the age of 25 . George Percy is also set to inherit Alnwick Castle , famously known as Hogwarts ' School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the Harry Potter films . He served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1996 to 1998 . He is also a direct descendant of Charles II of England through multiple descents . Earl Percy was educated at Eton College , and studied geography at the University of Edinburgh , specialising in sustainable development and renewable energy . He graduated in 2008 , having shared a house with Pippa Middleton , with whom he has been linked since . Percy studied Arabic language at the University of Damascus , and later worked in Abu Dhabi . He is the managing director of energy company Cluff Geothermal with Paul Younger . As old family friends , Lord Percy and his family attended the wedding of Middleton 's sister Catherine and Prince William , Duke of Cambridge , in 2011 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3e7093d0b0b7d373530ed97323869ae0	Modern liberalism in the United States strongly endorses spending on health care.	[ { "docid": "5ec69f76f862c9b38e890e8e962e56ca", "text": "Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism . The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform . Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated . John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows : Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one , Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment . Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "abbca65babbe41f7490559a3cf768d08", "text": "Aggregate Spend Aggregate Spend is the process used in the USA to aggregate and monitor the total amount spent by healthcare manufacturers on individual healthcare professionals and organizations ( HCP/O ) through payments , gifts , honoraria , travel and other means . Also often referred to as the Physician Payments Sunshine Act , this initiative is a growing body of federal and state legislations intended to collectively address all or some of the following goals : ( a ) Provide transparency with regard to who , in the life sciences industry , is contributing what benefits to which physician ; ( b ) Mandate statutory reports at least once a year ; and , ( c ) Limit spend per physician . Organizations monitored include pharmaceutical , biotechnology and , in some states , medical device organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9375a4df28e9473833829ee47c65a9ce", "text": "Social conservatism in the United States Social conservatism in the United States is a political ideology focused on the preservation of traditional values and beliefs , hearkening back to values believed to be present at the American founding . It focuses on a concern with moral and social values which proponents of the ideology see as degraded in modern society by social democracy and liberalism . Social conservatism , while defined differently by many scholars , is often conflated with religious conservatism . Religious conservatives push for a focus on Judeo-Christian traditions as a guiding force for the country on social issues , leading them to be considered social conservatives . Social conservatives are concerned with many social issues such as abortion , sex education , gun control , the equal rights amendment , school prayer , same-sex marriage , and many others . They oppose many of the cultural changes brought on by the culture wars and the sexual revolution . Summarily , this branch of conservatism is concerned with moral and social issues within the United States and uses tradition , strict morals , and religion as solutions for these problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28b7b79e9901343190e75d14ea7894c8", "text": "Maternalist reform Maternalist Reforms in the United States were experiments in public policy beginning late 19th and early 20th century that took the form of laws providing for state assistance for mothers with young children that did not have the financial support of a male member of the household . This assistance took the form of financial reimbursements , as well as limits on the maximum working hours for women . These reforms arose from the belief that government has an obligation and interest in protecting and improving the living standards of women and children . Maternalism is defined by Koven and Michel as a variety of ideologies that `` exalted women 's capacities to mother and extended to society as a whole the values of care , nurturance and morality '' , and was intended to improve the quality of life of women and children . To improve the conditions of women and children these policies attempted to reconcile the conflicting roles placed on women during this time period . As single mothers were responsible for both supporting their families and raising children , government assistance would reduce the probability that they could be charged with neglecting their `` home duties '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6f0b3fc9f84a74192576d3c2405046d", "text": "Conservatism in North America Conservatism in North America is a political philosophy that varies in form , depending on the country and the region , but that has similar themes and goals . Academic study into the differences and similarities between conservatism in North American countries has been undertaken on numerous occasions . Reginald Bibby has asserted that the primary reason that conservatism has been so strong and enduring throughout North America is because of the propagation of religious values from generation to generation . This connection is strongest in mainstream Protestantism in the United States and both Protestantism and Roman Catholicism in Canada . According to Louis Hartz , nations that developed from settler colonies were European `` fragments '' that froze the class structure and underlying ideology prevalent in the mother country at the time of their foundation . He considered Latin America and French Canada to be fragments of feudal Europe , and the United States and English Canada as liberal fragments . However Gad Horowitz , writing that Hartz had acknowledged a Tory influence in English Canada , claimed a conservative tradition had developed there as well . American conservatism is generally considered to be a variety of liberalism , rather than true conservatism , although Canada also developed an American style conservatism that competed with the older Tory conservatism . A right-wing conservatism , or `` Latin conservatism '' , developed in Latin America and Quebec . Today , conservative and conservative liberal parties in North America cooperate through the International Democrat Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9273aa2b6ab173161dbd6cd5cc2b98c2", "text": "American Health Line American Health Line is a daily health care policy briefing which `` covers the coverage '' . It is published by the Advisory Board Company from its headquarters in Washington , DC . It was previously under the auspices of National Journal . American Health Line '' 's primary audience includes health care professionals . It intends to be a comprehensive , non-partisan digest of that day 's health care events relating to policy and industry . Related publications of American Health Line include California Healthline , iHealthBeat , Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report , Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report , Kaiser Weekly Health Disparities Report , Greater Cincinnati Health Watch and Global Health Reporting '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "712d9efe650d2d09c80b1650dc5006b9", "text": "Liberal democracy Liberal democracy is a liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism . It is also called western democracy . It is characterised by fair , free , and competitive elections between multiple distinct political parties , a separation of powers into different branches of government , the rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society , and the equal protection of human rights , civil rights , civil liberties , and political freedoms for all people . To define the system in practice , liberal democracies often draw upon a constitution , either formally written or uncodified , to delineate the powers of government and enshrine the social contract . After a period of sustained expansion throughout the 20th century , liberal democracy became the predominant political system in the world . A liberal democracy may take various constitutional forms : it may be a constitutional monarchy ( Australia , Belgium , Canada , Japan , Norway , Spain and the United Kingdom ) or a republic ( France , India , Ireland , the United States ) . It may have a parliamentary system ( Australia , India , Ireland , the United Kingdom ) , a presidential system ( Indonesia , the United States ) , or a semi-presidential system ( France ) . Liberal democracies usually have universal suffrage , granting all adult citizens the right to vote regardless of race , gender or property ownership . Historically , however , some countries regarded as liberal democracies have had a more limited franchise , and some do not have secret ballots . There may also be qualifications such as voters being required to register before being allowed to vote . The decisions made through elections are made not by all of the citizens , but rather by those who choose to participate by voting . The liberal democratic constitution defines the democratic character of the state . The purpose of a constitution is often seen as a limit on the authority of the government . Liberal democracy emphasises the separation of powers , an independent judiciary , and a system of checks and balances between branches of government . Liberal democracies are likely to emphasise the importance of the state being a Rechtsstaat , i.e. , a state that follows the principle of rule of law . Governmental authority is legitimately exercised only in accordance with written , publicly disclosed laws adopted and enforced in accordance with established procedure . Many democracies use federalism -- also known as vertical separation of powers -- in order to prevent abuse and increase public input by dividing governing powers between municipal , provincial and national governments ( e.g. , Germany where the federal government assumes the main legislative responsibilities and the federated Länder assume many executive tasks ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32923889e17c6da46ac93bc5551f443e", "text": "Equity of condition Equity of condition in tax law and governmental spending is the economic condition , often arbitrary , that political leaders believe a person should be in after governmental social engineering and redistribution of wealth . The award or redistribution of wealth to the recipients overrides , substantially , any natural right of the producers of the wealth to keep the fruits of their labor . The award of wealth in a socialist economy may be extensive , with a proscribed level of benefits for food , housing , health , education , recreation , welfare , etcetera -- and have little or no relation to the citizen 's productivity ( e.g. , before-tax income ) . The result , however , is that economic productivity and the standard of living can be lessened in a socialist economy due to disincentive to production . Equity of condition in a mixed economy , such as the United States , can be nebulous and ever-changing . Governmental subsidies and tax deductions may be extended for political reasons , and a political leader may never provide comprehensive economic rationale for his particular fiscal policy actions . The cost of the benefits is merely shifted to a discriminated portion of the tax base . Benefits may also be illusory to recipients , because further political manipulation of the tax code by political leaders can nullify the recipients ' original gains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9be686241032baf4e970e073a3f257b", "text": "Liberal Liberal may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86084993280e8253fc7b4eb19ba7d878", "text": "Conservatism Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization . By some definitions , conservatives have variously sought to preserve institutions including religion , monarchy , parliamentary government , property rights and the social hierarchy , emphasizing stability and continuity , while the more extreme elements called reactionaries oppose modernism and seek a return to `` the way things were '' . The first established use of the term in a political context originated with François-René de Chateaubriand in 1818 , during the period of Bourbon restoration that sought to roll back the policies of the French Revolution . The term , historically associated with right-wing politics , has since been used to describe a wide range of views . There is no single set of policies that are universally regarded as conservative , because the meaning of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional in a given place and time . Thus conservatives from different parts of the world -- each upholding their respective traditions -- may disagree on a wide range of issues . Edmund Burke , an 18th-century politician who opposed the French Revolution but supported the American Revolution , is credited as one of the main theorists of conservatism in Great Britain in the 1790s . According to Quintin Hogg , the chairman of the British Conservative Party in 1959 , `` Conservatism is not so much a philosophy as an attitude , a constant force , performing a timeless function in the development of a free society , and corresponding to a deep and permanent requirement of human nature itself '' . In contrast to the tradition-based definition of conservatism , political theorists such as Corey Robin define conservatism primarily in terms of a general defense of social and economic inequality . From this perspective conservatism is less an attempt to uphold traditional institutions and more `` a meditation on -- and theoretical rendition of -- the felt experience of having power , seeing it threatened , and trying to win it back . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd2a75e0fe063d9125456feb8b9df703", "text": "Mental health care in the Philippines Mental health is defined as `` a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential , can cope with the normal stresses of life , can work productively and fruitfully , and is able to make a contribution to her or his community '' . The World Health Organization emphasized the importance of mental health by including it in their definition of health as `` a state of complete physical , mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity . '' Mental health care is the status of providing and maintaining psychological , psychiatric , and emotional health by means of diagnosis , treatment , and prevention of mental illnesses . This article will survey the status of psychological , psychiatric , and emotional health care in the Philippines from both past and present programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e23ff68546cf893fd31b273a3b5a16", "text": "Patient Self-Determination Act The Patient Self-Determination Act ( PSDA ) was passed by the United States Congress in 1990 as an amendment to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 . Effective on December 1 , 1991 , this legislation required many hospitals , nursing homes , home health agencies , hospice providers , health maintenance organizations ( HMOs ) , and other health care institutions to provide information about advance health care directives to adult patients upon their admission to the healthcare facility . This law does not apply to individual physicians . Because the 1991 PSDA does not apply to individual physicians , private clinics and practices , most of which are incorporated for-profit organizations , the problem of cruel over treatment for profit of the elderly on Medicare/Medicaid was not controlled to the extent that Congress hoped would be possible when the states would implement the goals of the 1991 PSDA in state laws . ( Recently , in 2012 , the newspapers have revealed that The United States Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Justice have cooperated to prosecute over treatment of patients under the federal False Claims Act . ) The goals of the 1991 PSDA are covered in the PURPOSE section , below . Section 1233 of the proposed America 's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009 ( H.R. 3200 ) would have authorized reimbursements for physician counseling regarding advance directives ( once every five years ) but it was not included in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 because of controversy over what were characterized as `` death panels . '' Unfortunately , because the law of the 1991 PSDA does not require or mandate the treating physicians -- after an educated `` terminal '' prognosis that is shared with the patient -- to seek informed consent from elderly and terminal Medicare/Medicaid patients for either Curative Care under Medicare or palliative care , transition to Hospice in the last six months of life ( also paid or out of the Medicare purse ) , the goals of the PSDA are not realized . Patient self rationing of expensive medical care at the end of life through the process of the advance directive under the provisions of the 1991 PSDA is discouraged because the patients have not had end-of-life conversations with the treating physicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05fca1bf1ab87cc4fd9f31d9546b713d", "text": "Home care Home care ( also referred to as domiciliary care , social care , or in-home care ) is supportive care provided in the home . Care may be provided by licensed healthcare professionals who provide medical treatment needs or by professional caregivers who provide daily assistance to ensure the activities of daily living ( ADLs ) are met . In-home medical care is often and more accurately referred to as `` home health care '' or formal care . Often , the term home health care is used to distinguish it from non-medical care , custodial care , or private-duty care which refers to assistance and services provided by persons who are not nurses , doctors , or other licensed medical personnel . For terminally ill patients , home care may include hospice care . For patients recovering from surgery or illness , home care may include rehabilitative therapies . Home health services help adults , seniors , and pediatric clients who are recovering after a hospital or facility stay , or need additional support to remain safely at home and avoid unnecessary hospitalization . These Medicare-certified services may include short-term nursing , rehabilitative , therapeutic , and assistive home health care . This care is provided by registered nurses ( RNs ) , licensed practical nurses ( LPN 's ) , physical therapists ( PTs ) , occupational therapists ( OTs ) , speech language pathologists ( SLPs ) , home health aides ( HHAs ) and medical social workers ( MSWs ) as a limited number of up to one hour visits , addressed primarily through the Medicare Home Health benefit . The largest segment of home care consists of licensed and unlicensed non-medical personnel , including caregivers who assist the individual . Care assistants may help the individual with daily tasks such as bathing , eating , cleaning the home and preparing meals . Caregivers work to support the needs of individuals who require such assistance . These services help the client to stay at home versus living in a facility . Non-medical home care is paid for by the individual or family . The term `` private-duty '' refers to the private pay nature of these relationships . Home care ( non-medical ) has traditionally been privately funded as opposed to home health care which is task-based and government or insurance funded . These traditional differences in home care services are changing as the average age of the population has risen . Individuals typically desire to remain independent and use home care services to maintain their existing lifestyle . Government and Insurance providers are beginning to fund this level of care as an alternative to facility care . In-Home Care is often a lower cost solution to long-term care facilities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fec39132fa48cd35c75e1fe7cc4162a", "text": "Wealth and Poverty Wealth and Poverty is a best-selling 1981 non-fiction book by investor and author George Gilder . After completing Visible Man in the late 1970s Gilder began writing `` The Pursuit of Poverty . '' In early 1981 Basic Books published the result as Wealth and Poverty . The book was an analysis of the roots of economic growth . Reviewing it within a month of the inauguration of the Reagan Administration the New York Times reviewer called it `` A Guide to Capitalism '' . It offered , he wrote , `` a creed for capitalism worthy of intelligent people . '' The book was a New York Times bestseller and eventually sold over a million copies . In Wealth and Poverty Gilder extended the sociological and anthropological analysis of his early books in which he had advocated for the socialization of men into service to women through work and marriage . He wove these sociological themes into the economic policy prescriptions of supply-side economics . The breakup of the nuclear family and the policies of demand-side economics led to poverty . Family and supply-side policies led to wealth . In reviewing the problems of the immediate past -- the inflation , recession , and urban problems of the 1970s -- and proposing his supply-side solutions , Gilder argued not just the practical but the moral superiority of supply-side capitalism over the alternatives . `` Capitalism begins with giving , '' he asserted , while New Deal liberalism created moral hazard . It was work , family , and faith that created wealth out of poverty . `` It is this supply-side moral vision that underlies all the economic arguments of Wealth and Poverty , '' he wrote . In 1994 Gilder asserted that America has no poverty problem , that the real problem is the `` moral decay '' of the `` so-called poor '' , and that their real need is `` Christian teaching from the churches . '' He calls the poor in America `` the so-called poor '' who have been `` ruined by the overflow of American prosperity '' , and asserts they have more purchasing power than the middle class in Japan in the 1990s . Wealth and Poverty advanced a practical and moral case for supply-side economics and capitalism during the early months of the Reagan administration and made him Ronald Reagan 's most quoted living author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6645305fff5b28c7b54f23faa4d6c243", "text": "Supporting Healthy Marriage Project The Supporting Healthy Marriage Project , SHM , is part of the Healthy Marriage Initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Administration for Children and Families , that was launched in 2003 as `` the first large-scale , multisite , multiyear , rigorous test of marriage education programs for low-income married couples . '' The project is motivated by research that `` indicates that married adults and children raised by both parents in stable , low-conflict households do better on a host of outcomes . '' The evaluation is led by MDRC , in collaboration with Abt Associates and other partners . USASpending.gov reports payments of more than $ 30 million from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to MDRC for work on the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project from 2009 to 2012 . Major study questions of the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project include : What are the experiences , issues and challenges in designing , implementing and operating healthy marriage education and related services for lower-income couples with children ? What are the net impacts of the programs on : marital stability and relationship quality ; attitudes and expectations regarding their marriage ; parenting attitudes and behaviors ; measures of adult well-being and child well-being and development ( e.g. , cognitive , social , emotional , health ) , and economic outcomes for families ? Limited federal funding for a Healthy Marriage Initiative began in 2001 to `` help couples who choose to get married gain greater access to marriage education services that will enable them to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to form and sustain a healthy marriage . '' In 2005 , Wade Horn , Assistant Secretary for the Administration for Children and Families , highlighted plans for a significant expansion of funding in testimony before the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness , House Committee on Education and the Workforce : `` Although I have focused on the areas of primary interest to your committee , I would be remiss if I did not briefly highlight other key areas of our proposal that play a critical role in the well-being of children , teenagers , and families . Indeed , we establish improving the well-being of children as the overarching purpose of TANF ... . In support of that overarching purpose , our proposal seeks to improve child well-being through programs aimed at encouraging responsible fatherhood and healthy marriages . By discontinuing the Out of Wedlock Birth Reduction Bonus and redirecting part of the High Performance Bonus Funding , we provide $ 200 million for programs aimed at promoting family formation and healthy marriages . We also provide $ 40 million in funding for the support of responsible fatherhood and healthy marriage programs to reverse the rise in father absence and its subsequent impact on children . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6a03c02dbc171bc88c4e0d1b8b15ba6", "text": "Women's reproductive health in the United States Women 's reproductive health in the United States refers to the set of physical , mental , and social issues related to the health of women in the United States . It includes the rights of women in the United States to adequate sexual health , available contraception methods , and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases . The prevalence of women 's health issues in American culture is inspired by second-wave feminism in the United States . As a result of this movement , women of the United States began to question the largely male-dominated health care system and demanded a right to information on issues regarding their physiology and anatomy . The U.S. government has made significant strides to propose solutions , like creating the Women 's Health Initiative through the Office of Research on Women 's Health in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f534f4151ddb16ae9107245392603b4", "text": "NYC Health + Hospitals NYC Health + Hospitals , officially the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation ( HHC ) , operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City . A public benefit corporation with $ 6.7 billion in annual revenues , HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients , including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents , providing services interpreted in more than 190 languages . HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation ( Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969 ) . It is similar to a municipal agency , but has a Board of Directors . It operates 11 acute care hospitals , five nursing homes , six diagnostic and treatment centers , and more than 70 community-based primary care sites , serving primarily the poor and working class . HHC 's own MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area 's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half a million New Yorkers . Each year HHC 's facilities provide about 225,000 inpatient admissions , one million emergency room visits and five million clinic visits to New Yorkers . HHC facilities treat nearly one-fifth of all general hospital discharges and more than one third of emergency room and hospital-based clinic visits in New York City . The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital , the oldest public hospital in the United States . Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City . The president of HHC is Stanley Brezenoff . The organization underwent a rebranding initiative in November 2015 , shortening its name from 40 characters to 19 characters , as `` NYC Health + Hospitals '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24e99edaf200a5487c7d70fcc65fda66", "text": "Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 ( MACRA ) , commonly called the Permanent Doc Fix , is a law that establishes a new way to pay doctors who treat Medicare patients , revising the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 . Its reform is the largest in scale on the American health care system since the Affordable Care Act ( `` ObamaCare '' ) in 2010 . It changes the way Medicare doctors are reimbursed , fills in a funding gap and extends a popular children 's insurance program , CHIP . MACRA related regulations also address incentives for use of health IT by physicians and other care providers . Under MACRA , the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services ( DHHS ) is tasked with implementation of a Merit Based Incentive ( MIP ) an incentive program which consolidates the three existing incentive programs into one for eligible physicians . The legislation also allows for Advanced Alternative Payment Models ( APM ) in 2026 the conversion factor for both programs will be set at 0.75 % followed by each subsequent year . The Government Accountability Office in partnership with the DHHS are set to assist in the implementation of nationwide electronic health records ( EHR ) , while simultaneously comparing and selecting of such programs for providers ; the EHR goal is set for December 31 , 2018 under MACRA . The U.S. is set to transition from a fee for service system , which allowed physicians and providers to bill Medicare and Medicaid for services they provided to their patients , to a pay for performance based system using MIP , APM , and Accountable Care Organizations ( ACO ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c58ae04793ed193493bfde95f169add", "text": "Liberal Movement (Australia) The Liberal Movement ( LM ) was a South Australian political party in the 1970s . Stemming from discontent within the ranks of the Liberal and Country League ( LCL ) , it was organised in 1972 by former premier Steele Hall as an internal group in response to a perceived resistance to sought reform within its parent . A year later , when tensions heightened between the LCL 's conservative wing and the LM , it was established in its own right as a progressive liberal party . When still part of the league , it had eleven state parliamentarians . On its own , it was reduced to three parliamentarians − Hall and Robin Millhouse in the lower house and Martin Cameron in the upper house . At the 1974 federal election Hall won a Senate seat and was replaced by David Boundy . At the 1975 state election , Millhouse and Boundy retained their seats , while John Carnie won a second seat and Cameron retained his seat in the upper house , bringing the party to a peak of five parliamentarians . In the 1974 federal election , it succeeded in having Hall elected to the Australian Senate with a primary vote of 10 per cent in South Australia . It built upon this in the 1975 state election , gaining almost a fifth of the total vote and an additional member . However , the non-Labor parties narrowly failed to dislodge the incumbent Dunstan Labor government . That result , together with internal weaknesses , led in 1976 to the LM 's being re-absorbed into the LCL , which by then had become the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia . The non-Labor forces again failed at the 1977 state election but succeeded in winning government for one term at the 1979 state election . A segment of the LM , led by former state attorney-general Robin Millhouse , did not rejoin the Liberals , but instead formed a new party -- the New LM . This party , combined with the Australia Party -- under the invited leadership of Don Chipp -- formed the nucleus of the Australian Democrats which aspired to a balance of power in the federal Senate and up to four state upper houses for three decades . The LM and its successor parties gave voice to what is termed `` small-l liberalism '' in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bd648097ed8517b410699b59e9a522c", "text": "Political positions of the Republican Party The platform of the Republican Party of the United States is generally based on conservatism , in contrast to the modern liberalism of the Democrats . The Republican Party 's conservatism involves support for free market capitalism , free enterprise , business , a strong national defense , deregulation , restrictions on labor unions , social-conservative policies , and traditional values , usually with a Christian foundation . The party is generally split on the issue of how to deal with illegal immigration . In general , Republicans oppose abortion rights , funding to Planned Parenthood , drugs , Obamacare , Common Core , gun control and support Just Say No and school choice . On economics , Republicans oppose an increased minimum wage and the estate tax , and support free markets and individual achievement . On the environment , Republicans have introduced environmental programs such as the Environmental Protection Agency and cap-and-trade policies in the past , but tend to oppose them today . Republicans support clean air and clean water policies , but also support increased fracking and reject scientific consensus on global warming and climate change . The majority of Republicans oppose same-sex marriage and tend to support the death penalty .", "title": "" } ]	fever
291c685e64c1784dc2a150cbb7d3b99f	Sherlock has thirteen shows.	[ { "docid": "e5b7a242e961764602adbb4ccffab85a", "text": "Sherlock (TV series) Sherlock is a crime drama television series based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes detective stories . Created by Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss , it stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Sherlock Holmes and Martin Freeman as Doctor John Watson . Thirteen episodes have been produced , with three-part series airing from 2010 -- 2017 , and a special episode airing on 1 January 2016 . The series is set in the present day , while the one-off special features a Victorian period fantasy resembling the original Holmes stories . Sherlock is a co-production of the British network BBC and the American station WGBH Boston for its Masterpiece anthology series on PBS , along with Hartswood Films , with Moffat , Gatiss , Sue Vertue and Rebecca Eaton serving as executive producers . The series is primarily filmed in Cardiff , Wales , with North Gower Street in London used for exterior shots of Holmes and Watson 's 221B Baker Street residence . Critical reception has been highly positive , with many reviews praising the quality of the writing , performances , and direction . Sherlock has been nominated for numerous awards including BAFTAs , Emmys , and a Golden Globe , winning several awards across a variety of categories . The show won in three categories at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards including Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries , Movie or a Dramatic Special for Moffat , Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Cumberbatch , and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Freeman . Two years later , it won Outstanding Television Movie . In addition , the show was also honoured with a Peabody Award in 2011 . The third series has become the UK 's most watched drama series since 2001 while interest in the fourth series appeared to slip by approximately twenty percent . Sherlock has been sold to 180 territories . All of the series have been released on DVD and Blu-ray , alongside tie-in editions of selected original Conan Doyle stories and original soundtrack composed by David Arnold and Michael Price . In January 2014 , the show launched its official mobile app called Sherlock : The Network .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cd5f79d06fb0537da9393ad1a0b138cd", "text": "Mystery and Imagination Mystery and Imagination is a British television anthology series of classic horror and supernatural dramas . Five series were broadcast from 1966 to 1970 by the ITV network and produced by ABC and ( later ) Thames Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01af2e505008f232f3abfa733919d10e", "text": "The Adventure of the Illustrious Client `` The Adventure of the Illustrious Client '' ( 1924 ) , one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , is one of 12 stories in the cycle collected as The Case Book of Sherlock Holmes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85330806bb25574c3042a48f4c5f3df3", "text": "Richard Dinnick Richard Dinnick ( born 22 January 1968 ) is a British screenwriter , novelist , and audio playwright . He is the winner of the 2012 BBC Writersroom opportunity to create a new show and to write for TV on the BBC and is now writing on the CBeebies TV shows Tree Fu Tom and Go Jetters - amongst others - as well as Mind Candy 's new Moshi Monsters TV show . He was one of six finalists in a recent BBC Academy opportunity to workshop a script for Waterloo Road . Dinnick is now Head Writer on the new Disney TV show Eena Meena Deeka and in-development action adventure show Captain Extraordinary . He was also a BAFTA Judge for Children 's Drama and produced a session for the 2014 Children 's Media Conference . He is developing several ideas for TV including a fantasy drama , Never After and a primetime crime drama , Murder of Crows , which is the first of its kind . Richard is currently in pre-production on new web series -- Light & Shadows -- with Capital City Entertainment as writer/producer . Dinnick is also developing a workplace drama , No Kidding , and an urban fantasy show , The Last Horseman . Dinnick has written prose , scripts and comics for many media properties including MGM 's Stargate and the BBC 's Doctor Who , as well as adapting the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- including The Hound of the Baskervilles -- for CD release . His first novel Alien Adventures was published by BBC Children 's Books in 2010 and he has since gone on to write books and short stories for Penguin UK , Titan Publishing , Black Library , Running Press and Snow Books . He has also written comic strips for IDW and BBC Magazines and his first original graphic novel is in the works . He is also often a guest at writing events ( including the London Screenwriters ' Festival ) and Doctor Who conventions ( such as Gallifrey One ) . His pre-school series Elf Stackers is in the commissioning process with the BBC . Dinnick is a member of the Writers Guild of Great Britain and the Royal Television Society and a Patron of the Children 's Media Foundation . His UK TV agent is Emily Smith at The Agency and his manager in the USA is Joe Riley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b8387fda7bb1df5b95dd2872b63c882", "text": "Undercover (2016 TV series) Undercover is a six-part BBC television drama series co-produced with BBC America which was first broadcast beginning 3 April 2016 . The series premiered in the United States as a six-hour miniseries on 16 and 17 November 2016 on BBC America ; it began its run on the CBC in Canada in August ( it has aired Mondays at 9pm/9 :30 NT , premiering 22 August 2016 . ) and on Canal + in France since January 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a66f8eefd9d209c70eed01eddf852c3", "text": "The Baker Street Boys The Baker Street Boys is a British television series made by the BBC and first shown in 1983 . The series recounts the adventures of a gang of street urchins living in Victorian London who assist the legendary detective Sherlock Holmes in solving crimes and find themselves tackling cases of their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30c9c81500d14fa8c4a6442f10ee761", "text": "Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes . In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run . Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "280e9d8c182e405e0a5534c3064c103e", "text": "The Sherlock Holmes The Sherlock Holmes is a Victorian era themed public house in Northumberland Street near Charing Cross railway station and Trafalgar Square which contains a large collection of memorabilia related to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes . The original collection was put together for display in Baker Street in London during the Festival of Britain in 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3dffe081d1eb3c320712396bb6d31ba", "text": "Sherlock (video game) Sherlock is a 1984 text adventure developed under the lead of Philip Mitchell by Beam Software . It was published by Melbourne House . Five programmers worked for 18 months on the title and a Sherlock Holmes expert was employed full-time for a year to advise the team on accuracy . Technically , the adventure builds upon the 1982 title The Hobbit . Autonomous NPCs and realtime gameplay , two sophisticated features of The Hobbit , are present in Sherlock - as is Inglish , the parser responsible for analyzing the player 's commands . The game simulated ` real time ' ; trains ran to a time table and key plot events began at exactly specified moments . There was also an attempt to move beyond ` instructional ' communication with characters ( in which non-player characters are told or asked to complete actions the player does not wish to or is unable to complete ) to ` dialogic ' communication in which characters could be questioned , challenged and persuaded with evidence . The latter was an early attempt to simulate changing states of consciousness within an interactive narrative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3625efb91afe57b4298b16e545b8160c", "text": "List of Endeavour episodes Endeavour is a British television detective drama series created by Russell Lewis and co-produced by Mammoth Screen and Masterpiece in association with ITV Studios . It first aired on ITV in the United Kingdom on 2 January 2012 , and on PBS in the United States on 1 July 2012 , as part of the Masterpiece Classic anthology . Four series have been made , the fourth airing at the beginning of 2017 in the UK and Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fe54b6cff3fe1783902790094ced2ce", "text": "13 posterunek 13 posterunek ( literally translated as Police Station No. 13 ) is a Polish sitcom series directed and scripted by Maciej Ślesicki , starring Cezary Pazura and Marek Perepeczko . The whole series is made of eighty-three episodes and divided on two seasons which first of is made of 41 and the second - named 13 posterunek 2 - of 42 . Episodes number 41 and 83 are actually backstage episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0de29283032b238cc0deb6e2c25c51", "text": "The Trial of a Time Lord The Trial of a Time Lord is a 14-part science fiction serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The serial , produced as the show 's twenty-third season , aired in weekly episodes from 6 September to 6 December 1986 . The only Doctor Who presentation of its kind , it contains four adventures : The Mysterious Planet , Mindwarp , Terror of the Vervoids , and The Ultimate Foe -- Colin Baker 's final story . The idea for the serial stemmed from several production changes to Doctor Who , such as reduced screen time for the season and a request from BBC controller Michael Grade that the series contain less violence and more humour . Several problems occurred during production , including the death of scriptwriter Robert Holmes , and the resignation of script editor Eric Saward . This was the last serial to star Colin Baker because he was dismissed from the role when it ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a39bc6b265c8100112524f8b0eb0f74", "text": "The Thirteenth Tale (film) The Thirteenth Tale is a British drama television film that first broadcast on BBC Two on 30 December 2013 . It is an adaptation of Diane Setterfield 's gothic novel The Thirteenth Tale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57b394d351e82bfc063f436f13a47d58", "text": "William Gillette, America's Sherlock Holmes William Gillette , America 's Sherlock Holmes , by Henry Zecher , is the first full and in-depth biography of William Hooker Gillette ( 1853 -- 1937 ) , the American actor , playwright and stage-manager of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who is best remembered today for portraying Sherlock Holmes . Gillette was among the first American playwrights to offer tightly-knit and well-constructed plays , Bronson Howard , Steele MacKaye and James Herne being the others , but his most significant contributions to the theater were in devising realistic stage settings and special sound and lighting effects , and , as an actor , in putting forth what he called The Illusion of the First Time . His portrayal of Holmes helped create the modern image of the detective . His use of the deerstalker cap ( which first appeared in some Strand Magazine illustrations by Sidney Paget ) and the curved pipe became synonymous with the character . And it was in his play , not in Arthur Conan Doyle 's stories , that Holmes first said `` This is elementary , my dear fellow , '' which subsequently became `` Elementary , my dear Watson '' . Gillette assumed the role onstage more than 1,300 times over thirty years , starred in a silent motion picture based on his Holmes play , and voiced the character twice on radio . The author is a graduate of the University of Maryland School of Journalism , Class of 1971 . He was an award-winning sports writer and sports editor of the Delaware State News in Dover , Delaware , before embarking on a career in Federal government human resources . He has worked as a free-lance writer for many years and published a number of magazine articles , two of them of historical importance . One was an evaluation of German Reformer Martin Luther 's impact on the English Bible , and the other was the first analysis from a biblical and historical point of view of the Ipuwer Papyrus , first claimed by Immanuel Velikovsky and subsequently by others to have been an Egyptian version of the plagues on Egypt described in the Old Testament Book of Exodus . This is Zecher 's first book . It contains 585 pages of text and is profusely illustrated with more than ninety images , nearly all of them containing two to four and , in two cases , six individual photographs . It contains a bibliography of Gillette 's writings , a list of his plays subsequently made into motion pictures , a list of his patents , a list of audio/visual recordings of his voice , and 97 pages of Endnotes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a59c88ed8a34806675b8eb05e7d3531d", "text": "The Scientific Sherlock Holmes: Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics The Scientific Sherlock Holmes : Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics ( ISBN 978-0-199-79496-6 ) is a book written by James O'Brien , which was originally published on 3 December 2012 and then by Oxford University Press , USA on 3 January 2013 . The book later went on to win the Edgar Award for Best Critical / Biographical Work in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7722785d1f0a890ae068976a6274cf3", "text": "The Great British Story: A People's History (TV series) The Great British Story : A People 's History is a 2012 documentary in eight parts written and presented by Michael Wood looking at history through the eyes of ordinary people airing on the BBC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ca08c07666069519ce3f6bdc17428b9", "text": "Mad Dogs (U.S. TV series) Mad Dogs is a dark-comic thriller television series available for viewing on Amazon 's Amazon Prime subscription service . It is a partial remake of the British show , also named Mad Dogs , that aired from 2011 to 2013 . The show 's first season consisted of 10 episodes , expanding on the British version 's first season 's four hours of content . It began airing on January 22 , 2016 in the U.S. , U.K. , and Germany , with an early release of the show available in December 2015 . The plot is a `` cocktail of testosterone and bad decision-making '' , focused on the angst of a group of 40-something underachieving American men who become caught in a `` vacation from hell '' . The cast is a unique blend of film actors with mostly episodic television credits to their name , including Billy Zane as a man wealthy from underworld connections who invites his friends for a stay in Belize , Michael Imperioli as an irresponsible but good-hearted former traveling musician , Romany Malco as a family man , and Ben Chaplin ( who starred in the Zane role in the UK version of the show ) as an embittered teacher . The show 's few women actors , including Allison Tolman and María Botto ( reprising her role from the UK series ) , provide contrast to the male leads . Showrunner Cris Cole adapted the show from his own drama in the UK . It was originally under development at the FX network . Cole noted that because the American version is 10 hours to the British version 's first season 's four hours , the last six hours of the American version are `` virgin territory '' and have no comparative to the original . Rights to air the show were sold by Sony Pictures Television for more than 140 countries prior to the initial Amazon airing . In late February 2016 , Amazon announced that it had opted not to renew the series . Although the original intention had been for the show to be a 10 episode limited series , Amazon and the show leadership had broached the idea of a potential second season . During filming of scenes of the pilot episode in Puerto Rico , actor Steve Zahn contracted dengue fever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06e652f724e59fc2257f23d746d8453c", "text": "The Singing Detective The Singing Detective is a BBC television serial drama , written by Dennis Potter , which stars Michael Gambon and was directed by Jon Amiel . The six episodes were `` Skin '' , `` Heat '' , `` Lovely Days '' , `` Clues '' , `` Pitter Patter '' and `` Who Done It '' . The serial was broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC1 in 1986 on Sunday nights from 16 November to 21 December with later PBS and cable television showings in the United States . It won a Peabody Award in 1989 . It ranks 20th on the British Film Institute 's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes , as voted by industry professionals in 2000 . It was included in the 1992 Dennis Potter retrospective at the Museum of Television & Radio and became a permanent addition to the Museum 's collections in New York and Los Angeles . There was co-production funding from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation . It was released on DVD in the US on 15 April 2003 and in the UK on 8 March 2004 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b23ed73c2c3bd71c9a1e41c330b28ce8	Chris Evans (actor) is an entertainer.	[ { "docid": "0d61e4cb96a192a60d8a2f53e64acb26", "text": "Chris Evans (actor) Christopher Robert Evans ( born June 13 , 1981 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . Evans is known for his superhero roles as the Marvel Comics characters Captain America in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and the Human Torch in Fantastic Four and its 2007 sequel . He began his career on the 2000 television series Opposite Sex , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Not Another Teen Movie , Sunshine , Scott Pilgrim vs. the World , Snowpiercer and Gifted . In 2014 , Evans made his directorial debut with the drama film Before We Go , in which he also starred .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "edfb557ef965c31396571d3c467c1055", "text": "Kevin Mitchell (musician) Kevin Edward Mitchell , also known by the stage name of Bob Evans ( born 1 October 1977 ) , is an Australian singer-songwriter ; Mitchell uses the moniker for his primary solo project . He is also the founding lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Jebediah , which was formed in 1994 and features his older brother Brett Mitchell , who joined on drums before the group 's first performance . Jebediah released five studio albums between 1997 and 2011 , the first three of which entered the top ten on the ARIA Albums Chart . Mitchell commenced performing as a folk pop artist under the name `` Bob Evans '' in 1999 to showcase `` quieter '' songs that were influenced by music that was different from the primary sound of Jebediah , and he deliberately chose a stage name that would distinguish him from his band . His most successful solo album Suburban Songbook , which was released on 10 June 2006 , peaked at No. 15 , and his next two solo albums Goodnight , Bull Creek ! ( 3 April 2009 ) and Familiar Stranger ( 15 March 2013 ) reached the top 40 . As of December 2016 , Mitchell has released five Bob Evans studio albums , and he launched the Good Evans , It 's A Bobcast ! podcast in May 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47eb02b306221bd80b0ac0cb949e5d9d", "text": "Christopher Evans (outlaw) Christopher `` Chris '' Evans ( February 19 , 1847 -- February 9 , 1917 ) , a native of Bells Corners near Ottawa , Canada , was an American farmer and teamster turned outlaw . Evans was accused of robbing the Southern Pacific Railroad in California between 1889 and 1892 . After killing a member of a posse outside his home on the outskirts of Visalia , he fled to the Sierra Nevada mountains with his younger partner , John Sontag . While Evans and Sontag hid out , writers Ambrose Bierce and Joaquin Miller championed their cause in the San Francisco Examiner . The outlaws evaded capture for ten months . They had a shootout with a posse at the Young cabin which resulted in the death of Wilson , the posse leader , and McGinnis , a former friend of Chris Evans . Later , John Sontag was mortally wounded in what is called the Battle of Stone Corral . Evans was himself severely wounded at Stone Corral , having lost an eye and his left arm . He was taken into custody and convicted of murder and sentenced to life in Folsom State Prison in Folsom , California . John Sontag 's younger brother , George Contant , testified against Evans and hence acquired the lifelong hatred of Evans ' family . After Evans served for seventeen years at Folsom , he was paroled in 1911 by Governor Hiram Johnson , a liberal Republican , who had been elected on an anti-Southern Pacific campaign theme . Banished from California , he died in Portland , Oregon , in 1917 , denying to the end that he had ever robbed a train and continuing to assert that he had killed only in self-defense . He also wrote a socialist book which calls for expanded government to check what he viewed as the abuses of the business community . Evans is interred in Portland at Mount Calvary Cemetery . An accomplice to the Evans-Sontag Gang was Ed Morrell , who served fourteen years total in Folsom and San Quentin . Championed by author Jack London , Morrell was pardoned in 1908 and thereafter became a well-known advocate for prison reform . Morris Ankrum and John Smith portrayed Evans and Sontag , respectively , in an episode of the 1955 syndicated television series Stories of the Century , starring and hosted by Jim Davis . Jimmie Dodd of The Mickey Mouse Club appears as a deputy in this episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab861f18fd8a4876497b8a0f81ea8cf6", "text": "On This Day In History On This Day In History was a feature on the BBC Radio 1 breakfast show in the UK between 1988 and 1993 . It was devised by the programme 's presenter at the time , Simon Mayo . Mayo , a history graduate from University of Warwick , used the day 's date each morning to regurgitate historical anniversaries and events which had happened on that date in years passed . As a quirk , he would often add a mildly cynical punchline to each of the stories he recounted , and then would get his `` crew '' ( female co-host , newsreader and producer ) each to guess the age of living celebrities who were born on that day . A tie-in book of the same title was published in later years , with much advertisement by the BBC , initially just to give away on the show to a daily winner who rang in with the correct answer to a question posed by Mayo about a specific person or event of relevance to that date . Perhaps the most famous part of the feature was the music used to soundtrack it ; a looped instrumental version of the George Michael hit I Want Your Sex ; the full version of which had been banned from broadcast by Radio 1 when it was released in 1987 . The feature ended when Mayo left the breakfast show , although when he switched to the mid-morning programme , he revived it in part with a spot called Dead Or Alive ? , where he would ask listeners whether celebrities or known figures born on the date in question were still living or not . Mayo now works for BBC Radio 2 and BBC Radio Five Live and no longer does any features which show off his passion for history . However , the feature is a regular on Chris Evans ' Radio 2 breakfast show , with a celebrity guest reading events that happened on that particular day in history . The last fact is nearly always music related and directly links into the next song played on the show . The feature is also often heard in one form or another on many commercial radio stations . Category : BBC Radio 1 programmes", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8744239062a9f96d182dc1e9d1ff5137", "text": "Entertainment Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience , or gives pleasure and delight . It can be an idea or a task , but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience 's attention . Although people 's attention is held by different things , because individuals have different preferences in entertainment , most forms are recognisable and familiar . Storytelling , music , drama , dance , and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures , were supported in royal courts , developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens . The process has been accelerated in modern times by an entertainment industry that records and sells entertainment products . Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale , ranging from an individual who chooses a private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded products ; to a banquet adapted for two ; to any size or type of party , with appropriate music and dance ; to performances intended for thousands ; and even for a global audience . The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated with amusement , so that one common understanding of the idea is fun and laughter , although many entertainments have a serious purpose . This may be the case in the various forms of ceremony , celebration , religious festival , or satire for example . Hence , there is the possibility that what appears as entertainment may also be a means of achieving insight or intellectual growth . An important aspect of entertainment is the audience , which turns a private recreation or leisure activity into entertainment . The audience may have a passive role , as in the case of persons watching a play , opera , television show , or film ; or the audience role may be active , as in the case of games , where the participant/audience roles may be routinely reversed . Entertainment can be public or private , involving formal , scripted performance , as in the case of theatre or concerts ; or unscripted and spontaneous , as in the case of children 's games . Most forms of entertainment have persisted over many centuries , evolving due to changes in culture , technology , and fashion . Films and video games , for example , although they use newer media , continue to tell stories , present drama , and play music . Festivals devoted to music , film , or dance allow audiences to be entertained over a number of consecutive days . Some activities that were once considered entertaining , particularly public punishments , have been removed from the public arena . Others , such as fencing or archery , once necessary skills for some , have become serious sports and even professions for the participants , at the same time developing into entertainment with wider appeal for bigger audiences . In the same way , other necessary skills , such as cooking , have developed into performances among professionals , staged as global competitions and then broadcast for entertainment . What entertainment is for one group or individual may be regarded as work by another . The familiar forms of entertainment have the capacity to cross over different media and have demonstrated a seemingly unlimited potential for creative remix . This has ensured the continuity and longevity of many themes , images , and structures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4529726759c49e114938998a9d36584", "text": "Chris Franklin Chris Franklin ( born 16 September 1964 ) is an Australian stand up comedian and former sailor for the Royal Australian Navy . He is most famous for writing and performing the song `` Bloke '' ( a bogan parody of Meredith Brooks ' feminist anthem `` Bitch '' ) , which was certified platinum , reached # 1 on the ARIA Charts and was the twelfth biggest selling single in Australia in 2000 . He currently lives in Launceston , Tasmania", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa41503e851031a65253930a17ade8de", "text": "K. C. Collins For the actor with a similar name , see Christopher Collins . K.C. Collins , also known as Chris Collins , is a Canadian film , voice and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ac825321e62d227dbd8faa54eaa6202", "text": "At Christmas (song) `` At Christmas '' is a song by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue , from the 2016 Snow Queen Edition of her thirteenth studio album , Kylie Christmas ( 2015 ) . The song was released on 22 November 2016 by Parlophone . It serves as the lead single from the reissue , and premiered on The Chris Evans Breakfast Show on BBC Radio 2 . The song became BBC Radio 2 's Record of the Week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f4990a17b2864044fbe07cb735c2f9c", "text": "Chris Attoh Chris Attoh ( born Christopher Keith Nii Attoh ; 17 May 1979 ) is a Ghanaian actor , on-air personality , television presenter and producer . He is best known as `` Kwame Mensah '' in Nigerian soap opera Tinsel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47dec4132245c92b721bc549fb8076c7", "text": "Freeze Frame (2004 film) Freeze Frame is a British-American psychological thriller-mystery film written and directed by John Simpson , and starring comedian Lee Evans in the lead role . The film follows the story of Sean Veil played by Evans who eventually becomes paranoid after being accused of triple murder and films his every moment of life to provide an alibi . The film was rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7056d23bae1f1d19ec82fd3a665a26e6", "text": "Circurious Circurious is a cast of jugglers , singers , contortionists , singers , and dancers , which perform in various places in the United States , started in August 2008 . They have been featured on several television shows such as Good Morning America , David Letterman , MTV , ESPN , and the New Year 's Eve Party in Times Square . The acts include aerialists and acrobats , athletic performers , contortionists and other acts like singing and dancing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38110831f92fe28315ab8409773f7c7", "text": "Christopher Jacobs Christopher or Chris Jacobs may refer to : Christopher Jacobs ( politician ) ( born 1967 ) , American politician Chris Jacobs ( swimmer ) ( born 1964 ) , American Olympic medalist in the sport of swimming Chris Jacobs ( actor ) ( born 1970 ) , co-host of Discovery Channel television show Overhaulin '' ' Chris Jacobs ( Family Affairs ) , character in TV soap opera Family Affairs ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7e218fa44d73d4e3fcd15472abff9f", "text": "Entertainer of the Year Entertainer of the Year is the twenty-first studio album by American country music singer-songwriter , Loretta Lynn . It was released on February 26 , 1973 , by MCA Records . Entertainer of the Year was titled after Lynn received the `` Entertainer of the Year '' award from the Country Music Association the previous year , becoming the first woman to win that award . The one and only single from the album was released in late 1972 , `` Rated X '' . The song was a self-penned song by Lynn and peaked at # 1 on the Billboard country chart in 1973 , her first # 1 hit since 1971 , and became also one of her more controversial songs , describing the double-standard frequently endured by divorced women at the time . The album was Lynn 's first studio album of 1973 , and Lynn would end up releasing an additional two for the year . The album was very successful on the Billboard album charts , peaking at # 1 on the Top Country Albums chart , and did not chart on the Billboard 200 . The album became Lynn 's fourth album to top the Top Country Albums chart . The album was Lynn 's first released on the MCA Records label , after the Decca label was retired by the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c54f418778287f4b8f66f525226687", "text": "Playing It Cool Playing It Cool ( formerly known as A Many Splintered Thing ) is an American romantic comedy film directed by Justin Reardon and written by Chris Shafer and Paul Vicknair . The film stars Chris Evans , Michelle Monaghan , Anthony Mackie , Aubrey Plaza , Patrick Warburton , Ashley Tisdale , Ioan Gruffudd , and Topher Grace . The film was released on video on demand starting on March 31 , 2015 before a limited release on May 8 , 2015 by Vertical Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63eda468a36eb1d38092eeafdce42dd", "text": "Chris Hill (DJ) Chris Hill is a British disc jockey . He worked at the club Lacy Lady in Ilford , as well as at the Goldmine Canvey Island . He was the head of the ` Soul Mafia ' in London and the South East of England into the early 1980s . In 1975 he released a `` break-in '' novelty record , in the style of Dickie Goodman , called `` Renta Santa '' , which became a hit single in the UK during the Christmas season . The record peaked at # 10 on the UK Singles Chart in December of that year . The following year , he released `` Bionic Santa '' , cut in a similar style ; this record also peaked at # 10 in December 1976 . Both tracks , which included snippets of other hits of the time , were released by Philips Records . During the '70s working with Havering council he promoted a series of concerts at the Upminster New Windmill Hall , although a very small venue he attracted acts like Thin Lizzy , Roxy Music and The Pretenders . Roxy Music had just released Virginia Plain and their performance coincided with it climbing the charts . Chris was keen to use local bands as support including Castle farm and After the Fire who went on to become moderately successful in the United States . His final release , `` Disco Santa '' , again in the same style , at Christmas 1978 , failed to chart . Hill remains a DJ and until 2011 ran the Lacy Lady in Ilford . Hill also has a major involvement in the Caister Soul Weekenders with his longtime event collaborator and music promoter Brian Rix . Having completed a second stint back on Canvey 's Goldmine in the early 80 's , Chris decided to quit the club scene in 1985 and concentrate on his Ensign duties with a young Irish singer called Sinead O Connor whom he had recently discovered . In 1987 he was offered a weekend job in Hamburg on Radio 107 and created the enormously successful SoulBeat , which made him a huge celebrity in Germany . When Sineads worldwide hit `` Nothing Compares to U '' happened in 1989 , Chris looked set for a quiet retirement from club life , until fellow DJ Gary Dennis suggested he return to his old Essex roots . Re-opening The Lacy Lady at The Kings , Ilford , they set about rebuilding a scene that had all but collapsed under the attack of rave , house and every other dance craze .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8881afffee9ce63fc03e8d629ea60f46", "text": "Chris Coppola Christopher `` Chris '' Coppola is an American actor , voice artist , and comedian . He is best known for such movies as Friday the 13th , Far Cry , Postal , Loveless in Los Angeles , The Polar Express , and Beowulf . He also voiced Dancer in Santa Buddies and appeared in the episode `` Tailgate '' on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d761992b481d6b3eeb1db6a7da2f0e0b", "text": "Christopher St. John Christopher St. John , sometimes credited as Chris St. John , is an African-American film and television actor . He is also a film producer , film director and screenwriter and played a minor role in the television series Remington Steele .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c909a8be4c8f3e0389b776fd5dbff2f", "text": "Johnny Evans (American football) John Albert Evans , Jr. ( born February 18 , 1956 ) is a former professional American and Canadian football punter and quarterback and current radio sportscaster for the North Carolina State Wolfpack football team . He is also the Eastern NC Director for the Fellowship of Christian Athletes . He played his college football career for NC State where he led the team to an 8-4 record his senior season , and was named MVP of the 1977 Peach Bowl . He completed 3 years in the NFL for the Cleveland Browns and 3 years in the CFL for the Montreal Alouettes . Since 1996 he has been the radio color commentator for NC State football . He is the father of quadruplets , two of whom played football for NC State .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70b837b317c3ed877d152c94544c7d6b", "text": "Chris Orbach Christopher Ben `` Chris '' Orbach ( born November 11 , 1968 ) is an actor , singer-songwriter , and voice actor who is the youngest son of late Law & Order star Jerry Orbach and his first wife , Marta Curro .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a222f65cdce2576684729c85f3b46d1f	Outfit (retailer) is a UK company.	[ { "docid": "39546d705b6df4ad45ed227b211ce77a", "text": "Outfit (retailer) Outfit is a UK company which forms part of the Arcadia Group and began life in the 1990s . It sells a range of clothing , footwear and accessories for both men and women . The company began life in the 1990s when Sears plc saw a gap in the market . The 1990s saw a big growth in out of town retail parks which seemed to be the new alternative to town centre shopping . Sears saw this as an opportunity to house all their fashion brands under one roof . The first Outfit store opened in 1995 at Riverside Retail Park in Nottingham . The Nottingham store proved such a success that more stores soon opened . In 1999 Outfit became part of Arcadia Group Ltd and is continually growing .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c046b319ec4f4c4594c57a799eedd027", "text": "Alswear Alswear is a village in Devon , England , approximately 25 mi northwest of Exeter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c707f1be046924c61a5e892301a4754", "text": "Fopp (retailer) Fopp is a Scottish chain of retail stores selling music , film , books and other entertainment products in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00580fb664d3dcad79535d0d8e73692d", "text": "Game (retailer) Game Digital plc is the parent company of Game Retail Limited , a British video game company that trades under the Game brand , stylised as GAME . The company 's origins lie in the founding of the Rhino Group by Terry Norris and Bev Ripley in 1991 . A number of mergers and acquisitions followed during the 1990s , and in 1999 , the company was purchased by Electronics Boutique Limited , which rebranded itself as The Game Group . The company continued to expand during the 2000s , purchasing several retailers including Gameswizards in Australia . In March 2012 , several suppliers , including Nintendo , Electronic Arts and Capcom refused to supply their latest products due to concerns over Game 's creditworthiness . Game subsequently entered administration on 26 March 2012 , and was purchased by OpCapita the following week . Baker Acquisitions was subsequently renamed Game Retail Ltd. . The company operated in the United Kingdom under the Game and Gamestation brands from the acquisition of the latter in May 2007 until late-2012 , when it was announced that the business would focus solely on the Game brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25a01aef5317f3500aed608ada82c529", "text": "AMP Limited AMP is a financial services company in Australia and New Zealand with superannuation and investment products , insurance , financial advice and banking products including home loans and savings accounts . AMP formed in 1849 as the Australian Mutual Provident Society , a non-profit life insurance company and mutual society . In 1998 , it was demutualised and listed on the Australian and New Zealand stock exchanges . AMP has one of Australia 's largest shareholder registers , with most shareholders living in Australia and New Zealand . This is because when the society demutualised , all policy holders received shares in the new company . Its UK operation was the subject of a demerger in 2003 , separating out the Henderson Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "452b04428e739de81ea60d63b1331e1f", "text": "Homebase Homebase is a British home improvement retailer and garden centre , with stores across the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland . Founded by Sainsbury 's and GB-Inno-BM in 1979 , the company was owned by Home Retail Group from October 2006 until it was sold to Wesfarmers in February 2016 . Wesfarmers have announced plans to rebrand the business under its existing Bunnings Warehouse name within three to five years . The first rebranded store opened in February 2017 . Homebase recorded sales figures of # 1.49 billion for the last financial year ( 2013 -- 2014 ) . Homebase made an operating profit of # 18.9 million for the year 2013 -- 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fadeeed754443c7940e81605a07d810d", "text": "Cook Trading COOK ( officially Cook Trading Ltd ) is a manufacturer and retailer of frozen ready meals , established in 1997 and based in Sittingbourne , Kent . Their founding statement is , ` To cook using the same ingredients and techniques you would at home , so everything looks and tastes homemade . ' All their meals are made without the use of artificial additives and preservatives . Savoury dishes are made by hand in their kitchen in Kent , puddings at a kitchen in Somerset , and they are primarily sold through a network of their own shops . They have over 80 shops nationwide , with the highest concentration across the South East of England . They also sell through over 400 farm shops and other independent retailers throughout the UK , and online via their website . In 2009 they started to expand as a franchise business ; over 30 of their shops are now franchises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a58f6ad70d5e2a12491aa894d9a26dc", "text": "USC (clothing retailer) USC is a clothing retailer that sells branded clothing across the United Kingdom . The company was founded in 1989 in Edinburgh and has been owned by Sports Direct since 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f62576b7464f3652dbc60ee9b4ade770", "text": "Whistles Whistles is a clothing brand with 46 stores across the UK . It was founded in 1976 by Lucille and Richard Lewin . In January 2008 , Jane Shepherdson , former Topshop director , signed a deal to purchase a 20 per cent stake in Whistles and was appointed the job of chief executive . In March 2016 , Whistles and its 46 shops was bought by the South African retailer , Foschini Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dd5355c3701f5f4d41ad37de8e0f93b", "text": "Dunnes Stores Dunnes Stores is an Irish multinational retail chain that primarily sells food , clothes and household wares . In addition to its main customer base in both parts of Ireland , the chain also has operations in England , Scotland and Spain . The format of the chain 's stores include a grocery supermarket operating alongside a clothing/textiles store . The grocery operation only operates in Irish stores and some Northern Irish stores , although some limited grocery ranges can be found in the Spanish stores . However some stores contain only textiles , while some ( more rarely ) contain only a supermarket . Many products are sold under the St. Bernard brand later being rebranded as `` My Family Favourites '' in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d237d81f0515baa8f5add06c26b66ec0", "text": "Anatwine Anatwine is a technology and services company that integrates leading fashion and apparel brands with online fashion retailers globally . The company is based in Gloucestershire and London , UK , and was founded by CEO Chris Griffin . The Anatwine global fashion network connects brands ' and retailers ' business systems through a single integration , enabling collaboration to create the optimal online stock mix ; drive increased sales and sell through ; deliver enhanced brand exposure and consistent customer experience . Clients include Zalando , The Iconic , House of Fraser , Adidas , Next and Supergroup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f092b2aad1f7a129e84bd98cfe75440c", "text": "Intertek Consumer Goods and Retail Intertek Consumer Goods is a division of London-based Intertek , a company that provides quality and safety services to a wide range of industries . Intertek is a publicly traded company on the London Stock Exchange with more than 30,000 employees in 1,000 locations in over 100 countries . Intertek Consumer Goods works with global retailers and brands in the textile , toy , footwear , and hardlines sectors to evaluate and test their consumer products to meet regulatory , environmental and quality standards . Intertek Consumer Goods also provides services related to CPSIA testing , toy certification , textile auditing , restricted hazardous substances , corporate social responsibility , sustainability , and supply chain security .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fe88b868a4bcfd63cebdd2b23ee50d0", "text": "Marks & Spencer Marks and Spencer plc ( also known as M&S ) is a major British multinational retailer headquartered in the City of Westminster , London . It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . It specialises in the selling of clothing , home products and luxury food products . M&S was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds . The company also began to sell branded goods like Kellogg 's Corn Flakes in November 2008 . M&S currently has 959 stores across the U.K including 615 that only sell food products . In 1998 , the company became the first British retailer to make a pre-tax profit of over # 1 billion , although subsequently it went into a sudden slump , which took the company , its shareholders , who included hundreds of thousands of small investors , and nearly all retail analysts and business journalists , by surprise . In November 2009 , it was announced that Marc Bolland , formerly of Morrisons , would take over as chief executive from executive chairman Stuart Rose in early 2010 ; Rose remained in the role of non-executive chairman until he was replaced by Robert Swannell in January 2011 . M&S have 852 stores throughout the UK , as well as many international stores ; 52 stores in India , 48 stores in Turkey , 37 in Russia , 27 in Greece , 17 in Ireland , 14 in France , 11 in Poland , 6 in Hungary and Finland and 5 in Spain . In recent years its clothing sales have fallen whilst food sales have increased after the axing of `` St. Michael 's '' naming for their own brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fe35efe0b47cbb053c34af5498ed1ca", "text": "Just Eat Just Eat is an online food order and delivery service . It acts as an intermediary between independent take-out food outlets and customers . It is headquartered in the United Kingdom and operates in 13 countries in Europe , Asia , Oceania , and the Americas . The platform allows customers to search for local take-out restaurants to place orders online , and to choose from pick-up or delivery options . It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e57edd2fc3a57013ae6e16c39e6c4492", "text": "Gun shop A gun shop ( also known by various other names such as firearm store and gun store ) is a business establishment that sells small arms , such as handguns and shotguns , to individuals in an open shopping format . Other items such as ammunition and accessories for hunting are frequently sold on the premises as well , even including souvenir t-shirts . Often having designs reminiscent of other establishments such as department stores displaying various items of clothing on racks and grocery stores displaying various foodstuffs on shelves , these firms operate under widely different gun control laws depending on the specific nation-state and locality involved . Some locations may only employ a single gunsmith in a small space while others might have many individuals working in a large space . Although the advent of online shopping has changed the business of gun stores , the ability for customers to interact face to face with store dealers often is seen as having advantages , examples being personally guiding individuals buying firearms through the regulated purchase processes set up by local and national laws . Employees may also offer specific advice about firearm specifications . Various firearm-related websites exist that partner , either directly or indirectly , with physical stores . In the United States , gun shops are required to have a permitting notice known as a Federal Firearms License . These licenses exist in order to administer federally mandated regulations such as bans on straw purchasing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dffbd4af1bd5de314aa626c8d0708d53", "text": "Pep (store) Pep is a multinational retail company based in Cape Town , South Africa . Founded in 1965 , Pep operated in 11 countries in Southern Africa with the opening of an outlet in Lobito , Angola in November 2008 . As of November 2009 , the company reported over 1400 stores in operation , with total employment equaling 14,000 employees . It also owns and runs the largest clothing factory in southern Africa , where it manufactures much of its clothing . Pep 's target market is the mass lower to middle income end of the market . As such it seeks to sell low cost clothes and is the largest single-brand retailer in South Africa . Pep is a subsidiary of Pepkor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7f66e6dd50596e23854299906ba7a4f", "text": "The Perfume Shop The Perfume Shop is a United Kingdom perfume retailer founded in 1992 . The company was acquired by the world 's largest health and beauty retailer , A.S. Watson Group in 2005 . The company is based in High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire , with a distribution centre in Dunstable . It is the second largest fragrance retailer in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98bf53639c9e39fffdc2e6c6d4250636", "text": "Kit and Ace Kit and Ace is a Canadian apparel brand founded in 2014 by Shannon Wilson , former lead designer of Lululemon Athletica , and her stepson J. J. Wilson . The company is best known for producing machine-washable technical cashmere wool clothing and accessories . Hold It All Inc. , a Vancouver-based holding company , owns the brand . The brand had retail stores in Canada , the US , the UK , and Australia . In September 2015 , the company installed shop-in-shop cafes from Toronto-based Sorry Coffee Co in its London and Toronto stores . In April 2017 Kit and Ace closed all its international stores , focusing on e-commerce and its 9 Canadian shops . Kit and Ace has never accepted cash as payment , allowing stores to be more efficient . The Vice President of Brand is Shawna Olsten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29b0050d093ce8602c590e0751422d18", "text": "Hardware LDN Hardware LDN is a UK-based and owned retailer that specializes in fashion clothing and accessories for young urban dwellers . Founded by Jessica Horwell in 2012 , Hardware LDN has steadily been gaining a celebrity following and has had a range in Topman . Hardware LDN is based in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0e950cd804ec9372522b2195ea8550b", "text": "Arckiv Arckiv ( Архив : Archive ) is a London-based fashion house that specialises in menswear fashion inspired by military and workwear . The company was founded in the late 1990s by Fraser Laing . Originally specialising in eyewear , Arckiv eventually became a menswear label in 2010 after its eyewear division became a separate company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6347fa892b3a91ae1c942271e5c09af5", "text": "Stoats Porridge Bars Stoats is a British company which sells porridge and other oat based products . Based in Edinburgh , Scotland , Stoats was founded in 2005 and retails in most British supermarkets with distribution across the world including Europe , Asia and UAE .", "title": "" } ]	fever
768d41bf9232a770e2f78962199d1fd8	Bernard Madoff hired Peter, his brother, for senior managing director.	[ { "docid": "98300d1f72460f76894a3a2c97c9b0b2", "text": "Bernard Madoff Bernard Lawrence `` Bernie '' Madoff ( -LSB- ˈmeɪdɒf -RSB- born April 29 , 1938 ) is an American fraudster and a former stockbroker , investment advisor , and financier . He is the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market , and the admitted operator of a Ponzi scheme that is considered the largest financial fraud in U.S. history . Prosecutors estimated the size of the fraud to be $ 64.8 billion , based on the amounts in the accounts of Madoff 's 4,800 clients as of November 30 , 2008 . Madoff founded the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC in 1960 , and was its chairman until his arrest on December 11 , 2008 . The firm was one of the top market maker businesses on Wall Street , which bypassed `` specialist '' firms by directly executing orders over the counter from retail brokers . At the firm , he employed his brother Peter as senior managing director and chief compliance officer , Peter 's daughter Shana Madoff , as the firm 's rules and compliance officer and attorney , and his sons Andrew and Mark . Peter has since been sentenced to 10 years in prison and Mark committed suicide by hanging exactly two years after his father 's arrest . Andrew died of lymphoma on September 3 , 2014 . On December 10 , 2008 , Madoff 's sons told authorities that their father had confessed to them that the asset management unit of his firm was a massive Ponzi scheme , and quoted him as describing it as `` one big lie '' . The following day , FBI agents arrested Madoff and charged him with one count of securities fraud . The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) had previously conducted multiple investigations into Madoff 's business practices , but had not uncovered the massive fraud . On March 12 , 2009 , Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies and admitted to turning his wealth management business into a massive Ponzi scheme . The Madoff investment scandal defrauded thousands of investors of billions of dollars . Madoff said he began the Ponzi scheme in the early 1990s . However , federal investigators believe the fraud began as early as the mid-1980s and may have begun as far back as the 1970s . Those charged with recovering the missing money believe the investment operation may never have been legitimate . The amount missing from client accounts , including fabricated gains , was almost $ 65 billion . The Securities Investor Protection Corporation ( SIPC ) trustee estimated actual losses to investors of $ 18 billion . On June 29 , 2009 , Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison , the maximum allowed .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "64bdbcafbe9e8cc755d57c029ccc70d4", "text": "Lehman Brothers Treasury Lehman Brothers Treasury Co. . B.V. ( `` LBT '' ) is a private company with limited liability ( besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid ) incorporated under Dutch law with its registered office in Amsterdam , the Netherlands . LBT is a fully owned subsidiary of Lehman Brothers UK Holdings ( Delaware ) Inc. , which company is fully owned by Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. ( `` LBH '' ) . On 15 September 2008 LBH filed a petition in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York seeking relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code . On 19 September 2008 the Amsterdam District Court granted LBT provisional suspension of payment ( voorlopige surseance van betaling ) . On 8 October 2008 at 18.56 hours the Amsterdam District Court has revoked the provisional suspension of payment and declared LBT bankrupt ( in staat van faillissement ) with the appointment of Rutger Schimmelpenninck as bankruptcy trustee ( curator ) . Source : The official website of the bankruptcy trustee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea20a429fda92d5142cb9c0123a79fe5", "text": "Sergei Gorkov Sergei Nikolayevich Gorkov ( also tr . Sergey ; Серге́й Никола́евич Горько́в born 1 December 1968 ) is a Russian banker and attorney who is the chairman of the state-owned Vnesheconombank ( VEB ) . From 2010 -- 16 , he was the deputy chairman of Sberbank , the largest bank in Russia . He is a graduate of the Academy of the Federal Counter-Intelligence Service , which prepares members for the Foreign Intelligence Service and Federal Security Service ( FSB ) , and has a master 's degree in economics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "253e41fc8d63c0fdd666a978e1d56e22", "text": "Tormod Hermansen Tormod Hermansen ( born 23 April 1940 ) is a former CEO of Telenor and State Secretary of Finansdepartementet ( 1978 -- 1979 ) . His brother is Robert Hermansen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c6f18668cf435ed703db9cb64e768fb", "text": "Richard Clark (business executive) Richard T. Clark is a former Chairman of the Merck & Co. ( MSD ) pharmaceutical company , a position he held from 2007 to 2011 . His previous leadership positions at Merck & Co. include CEO ( 2005 -- 2010 ) , President ( 2005 -- 2009 ) , and President of the Merck & Co. manufacturing division ( 2003 -- 2005 ) . A first generation college student , he attended Washington & Jefferson College , where he majored in history and was a member of Lambda Chi Alpha . He earned an MBA at the American University ( 1970 ) and was a lieutenant in the US Army 1970 -- 1972 . He was employed by Merck & Co. from 1972 . He has served on the Washington & Jefferson College Board of Trustees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0322174ab350573987067f75ebb8c5c0", "text": "Morton E. Handel Morton E. Handel ( born 1935 ) is an American businessman who serves on the corporate board of directors and is President of S&H Consulting Ltd. , a privately held investment and consulting company , where he has been employed since 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d07581402e411315701368224f98e44b", "text": "Vincent Kaminski Vincent Julian Kaminski was born in Poland and worked as the Managing Director for Research at the failed energy trading corporation Enron until 2002 . In this capacity he led a team of approximately fifty analysts who developed quantitative models to support energy trading . In the months preceding Enron 's bankruptcy Kaminski repeatedly raised strong objections to the financial practices of Enron 's Chief Financial Officer , Andrew Fastow , designed to fraudulently conceal the company 's burgeoning debt . The primary practice involved hiding Enron 's debt in partnership companies managed by Fastow and financed by outside creditors . The debt was then secured against stock in the Enron Corporation itself , which was strongly valued at that time . To induce creditors to assume the risk of financing this debt certain `` trigger events '' were built into the contracts which would require immediate repayment of the full loan amount , such as the decline of the stock value used as collateral below a prearranged level . During the course of a company-wide comprehensive risk assessment Kaminski and his team of analysts pointed out that there existed many such arrangements , and if one were triggered the rest would be activated like dominoes as the stock price fell in response to the bad news , effectively ending the financial viability of the company . Kaminski 's strident opposition to these practices was one of the last chances to avert the implosion which soon followed . Dr. Kaminski holds an M.S. degree in International Economics and a Ph.D. degree in Mathematical Economics from the Main School of Planning and Statistics in Warsaw ( which has since been renamed Warsaw School of Economics ) , and an MBA from Fordham University in New York City . He teaches at the business school of Rice University in Houston , Texas , and is the author of several books on risk management and energy trading . Books by Dr. Kaminski : Energy Modelling : Advances in the Management of Uncertainty , published by Risk Books in 2005 , ISBN 1-904339-42-5 Managing Energy Price Risk : The New Challenges and Solutions , published by Risk Books in 2004 , ISBN 1-904339-19-0 Energy Markets http://riskbooks.com/energy-markets , published by Risk Books on 18 January 2013 , ISBN 9781906348793", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59479e707be329441073301ea299b277", "text": "Scot J. Paltrow Scot J. Paltrow is an American journalist . A financial journalist , Paltrow currently works for Reuters . Paltrow is from New York . He received his bachelor 's degree from the Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences and a master 's degree from the London School of Economics . Paltrow 's journalism career began in 1977 when he joined the Memphis Commercial Appeal as a reporter . The following year , he joined the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner , where his investigative series on corruption in Industry , California , `` The City of Insiders , '' resulted in federal and state criminal probes and several convictions . In 1981 , Paltrow moved to the Washington Star , where he covered federal courts . After the Star shut down the same year , Paltrow moved to the Wall Street Journal , where he was a reporter in the Los Angeles bureau . In 1985 , Paltrow became a European correspondent for the Journal based in Brussels . In April 1988 , Paltrow returned to the United States as New York financial bureau chief for the Los Angeles Times . During this period he did numerous investigative stories on Wall Street investment banks , markets and the insurance industry . '' While at the Times , Paltrow won a 1993 George Polk Award for Financial Reporting . Paltrow returned to the Wall Street Journal in May 1997 and served as senior special writer based in New York and writes for the paper 's Washington bureau . In 2007 , following Rupert Murdoch 's purchase of Dow Jones & Company ( which owns the Wall Street Journal ) , Paltrow left the paper and joined Condé Nast 's Portfolio.com as a contributing editor , starting September 1 , 2007 , following another longtime Journal journalist who moved to Portfolio.com , Peter Waldman . In September 2010 , Paltrow moved to Reuters , where he and fellow financial journalist Mark Hosenball were brought on as `` key hires '' in an effort to expand Reuters ' `` coverage of business , Wall Street and Washington . '' Paltrow joined Reuters to cover `` financial crimes , specifically covering criminal and civil investigations related to the financial crisis , as well as the effort to more closely regulate and police the financial world . '' In 2012 , Paltrow won a Society of American Business Editors and Writers Best in Business Awards in the Explanatory/News Agency category for his investigation into banks ' use of robo-signing . Paltrow has written a report , The Case for a Stronger Federal Role in Insurance Regulation : Weak State Regulation Highlights the Need for Federal Oversight of Health Premiums , for the Center for American Progress Action Fund . Paltrow has received a Gerald Loeb Award . Paltrow won 1992 and 1993 John Hancock Awards for Excellence in Business & Financial Journalism , the 1994 Los Angeles Times Editorial Award , the Unity Award in Media , and a 2001 Deadline Club Award from New York City Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f7a354efee2c82a6f342ef64c17493f", "text": "Charles Gordon (producer) Charles Gordon is an American film producer and brother to Lawrence Gordon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19177d016aadcf9b982f874131923ee2", "text": "Boris Jordan Boris Jordan ( Борис Алексеевич Йордан , born June 2 , 1966 ) is an American businessman of Russian origin . He speaks both English and Russian fluently . An American of Russian ancestry , Boris Jordan assisted Russia 's economic transition to capitalism in the early 1990s , assisting in the launch of the Russian stock market and the privatization of state assets . Later appointed chief executive of Russia 's Gazprom Media as well as general director of its NTV television network , Jordan was forced to resign in early 2003 under political pressure . In 2001-2003 he was the CEO of the Russian TV channel NTV and also the CEO of Gazprom Media , a subsidiary media holding of Gazprom ( now of Gazprombank ) that owned NTV , TNT , NTV Plus , five popular radio stations ( including Echo of Moscow ) , numerous widely circulated news and entertainment publications , and two premier movie theaters in Moscow and St. Petersburg . From 1992 to 1995 , Boris Jordan was Managing Director of the Moscow office of CS First Boston . During his tenure , CS First Boston became a leading investment bank in Russia , engaged in privatization , corporate finance and securities trading . Boris Jordan was one of the founders of Renaissance Capital investment group ( founded in 1995 ) along with New Zealander Stephen Jennings . He is also the President and CEO of the Sputnik Group Ltd. , which he launched in 1998 . The Sputnik Group is a diversified holding company , which used to manage the Sputnik Funds , the largest foreign private-equity funds invested in Russia . Currently , The Sputnik Group owns proprietary investments in the Russian insurance ( Renaissance Insurance ) , forestry , telecommunications and media sectors -- as well as a number of investments in foreign companies . Since 2007 Mr. Jordan is a Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and a member of The Board Of Trustees of New York University . At New York University Mr Jordan founded The Jordan Center for the Advance Center of Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1de582408c1dc460543ecbfd9b8022", "text": "PIMCO Pacific Investment Management Company , LLC ( commonly called PIMCO ) , is an American investment management firm headquartered in Newport Beach , California , with over 2,000 employees working in 13 offices across 12 countries , and $ 1.51 trillion in assets under management as of 30 June 2016 . The company provides mutual funds and other portfolio management and asset allocation solutions for millions of investors worldwide . PIMCO offers a broad list of investment strategies that encompass the entire risk spectrum and capital structure , including core bonds and credit , structured credit , alternatives , real assets , equities and currencies . PIMCO oversees investments on behalf of millions of clients , including retirement savers , public and private pension plans , educational institutions , central banks and government agencies , foundations and endowments and financial intermediaries among others . The firm , a prominent thought leader in the financial markets , is known to have coined and popularized the phrase `` The New Normal '' in the aftermath of the subprime mortgage crisis in 2009 . `` The new normal '' as a standalone phrase has a long history dating to the post-First World War era and then seeing a new resurgence in use in the post 9/11 era . More recently , PIMCO introduced `` The New Neutral '' thesis to characterize a period of lower but stable economic growth , and interest rates to remain lower than historically for a longer period of time . In April 2015 , PIMCO announced the hire of former Federal Reserve Chairman , Dr. Ben Bernanke as a Senior Advisor , following in the footsteps of predecessor Federal Reserve Chairman , Alan Greenspan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df03853b4ddcc77d4466d43cbb4b08bd", "text": "Bloomberg L.P. Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial software , data , and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . Bloomberg L.P. was founded by Michael Bloomberg in 1981 with the help of Thomas Secunda , Duncan MacMillan , Charles Zegar , and a 30 % ownership investment by Merrill Lynch . Bloomberg L.P. provides financial software tools such as an analytics and equity trading platform , data services , and news to financial companies and organizations through the Bloomberg Terminal ( via its Bloomberg Professional Service ) , its core revenue-generating product . Bloomberg L.P. also includes a wire service ( Bloomberg News ) , a global television network ( Bloomberg Television ) , digital websites , a radio station ( WBBR ) , subscription-only newsletters , and three magazines : Bloomberg Businessweek , Bloomberg Markets , and Bloomberg Pursuits . In 2014 , Bloomberg L.P. launched Bloomberg Politics , a multiplatform media property that merged the company 's political news teams , and has recruited two veteran political journalists , Mark Halperin and John Heilemann , to run it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caba8d95a1a31d3f7936b22cadf9de7d", "text": "Romano Scavolini Romano Scavolini ( born 18 June 1940 ) is an Italian film director , brother of Sauro Scavolini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d7b21f2b5d2e342c5440c2a213b06d8", "text": "William Shaw (businessman) William J. Shaw is the Vice-Chairman of Marriott International Inc. . He has held this post since May 2009 . Shaw received his BA from University of Notre Dame and MBA from Washington University in St. Louis in 1972 . He joined the Marriott hotel company in 1974 , was elected Corporate Controller in 1979 , and a company Vice President in 1982 . In 1986 , Shaw became Senior Vice President of Finance and Treasurer of Marriott Corporation . He was elected Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Marriott Corporation in April 1988 . In February 1992 , he was elected President of the Marriott Service Group . Between March 1997 and April 2009 , Shaw served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of Marriott International , before taking up his current position as Vice-Chairman . Mr. Shaw is on the board of trustees of the University of Notre Dame , the Suburban Hospital Foundation , the Wolf Trap Foundation of the Performing Arts , Washington Mutual Investor Fund , board of directors and the NCAA Leadership Advisory Board . Mr. Shaw has been a director of Marriott International , or its predecessors , since 1997 , and is currently serving a term expiring at the 2008 annual meeting of shareholders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc33f183e75e20bdce6a5669010945b6", "text": "Guggenheim Partners Guggenheim Partners is a global investment and advisory financial services firm that engages in investment banking , capital markets services , investment management , investment advisory , and insurance services . The firm is headquartered in New York City and Chicago with 2,300 staff located in 20 cities throughout the United States , Europe , and Asia . It has more than $ 260 billion of assets under management . The firm 's CEO is Mark Walter . It has six Managing Partners who are key executives , and with a Senior Leadership Team of 17 other executives , oversee the Firm 's businesses . It was founded by Peter Lawson-Johnston II , Solomon R. Guggenheim 's great-grandson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1351cd69c242625a3247d84a60bcd8b", "text": "Frank Popoff Frank Popoff or Frank Popov ( Франк Попов born 1935 in Sofia , Kingdom of Bulgaria ) is a Bulgarian American businessman . He has served as the Chairman of Chemical Financial Corporation since April 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7bdad7cab67911e88cb28e4a9372a02", "text": "Peter Wallenberg, Jr. Peter Åke `` Poker '' Wallenberg , Jr. ( born 8 May 1959 ) is a Swedish businessman and racing driver . He is Director of Investor , Atlas Copco and Scania , and chairman of the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation He took an in International Bachaloria from Leysin American School in Leysin , Switzerland and graduated with a BSBA in Hotel Administration from University of Denver . He has also been driving in the Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia . Peter Wallenberg , Jr. is the youngest son of Peter Wallenberg , Sr. ( 1926-2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "073645eec55004a380b2a0fc06d1533f", "text": "Bart McDade Herbert `` Bart '' H. McDade III was the President and COO of Lehman Brothers at the time of its bankruptcy . During the end of Lehman 's existence , McDade was tasked with largely running the firm and saving it as the then CEO , Richard Fuld was largely sidelined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c56e4c9100dfa4dff2511540e2f5993", "text": "Michael Polcino Michael Polcino is an animation director on The Simpsons . His brother , Dominic Polcino , is a former Simpsons director and currently works on Family Guy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5693b4beb26996dd7f413444acb91a95", "text": "Kenneth Frazier Kenneth Carleton Frazier ( born ) is an American business executive . He is the chairman and CEO of the pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. ( known as MSD outside of North America ) . After joining Merck & Co. as general counsel , he directed the company 's defense against litigation over the anti-inflammatory drug Vioxx . Frazier is the second African-American to lead a major pharmaceutical company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecd6305a906ae8caecbb86536e6955bc", "text": "Stefano Siragusa Stefano Siragusa ( born January 29 , 1976 ) , is an Italian business executive . He is currently Senior Partner and Managing Director of Bain & Company .", "title": "" } ]	fever
fa11d4712748c0391ddfd96aef8a4764	Tim Rice was employed on Aida.	[ { "docid": "3cff85fc8807213d5122375cc5436abe", "text": "Tim Rice Sir Timothy Miles Bindon `` Tim '' Rice ( born 10 November 1944 ) is an English author and Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Tony Award , and Grammy Award-winning lyricist . He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber , with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , Jesus Christ Superstar , and Evita ; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA , with whom he wrote Chess ; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of The Wizard of Oz ; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken ( Aladdin , Beauty and the Beast , King David ) , Elton John ( The Lion King , Aida , The Road to El Dorado ) and Ennio Morricone . One of the most celebrated lyricists in British popular culture , Rice was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to music in 1994 . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , is a Disney Legend recipient , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List values Rice at # 150m ; the 15th richest music millionaire in the UK .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b5577b873f83605f4d9bc938b8285d8a", "text": "Grant A. Rice Grant A. Rice is an American theatrical producer , manager , and consultant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281cd7f2f9eae2c6c51b0a714eff9c2f", "text": "Aida Turturro Aida Turturro ( Ah-ee-da Toor-toor-ro ; born September 25 , 1962 ) is an American actress best known for playing Janice Soprano , sister of New Jersey mob boss Tony Soprano , on the HBO TV series The Sopranos ( 1999 -- 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a2c7565cfcb0d7a8e55c9f1cd6533d5", "text": "Tim Taylor (producer) Professor Timothy ` Tim ' Taylor is a British television producer best known for his work as the originator and producer of Channel 4 's popular archaeology series Time Team . He is an Executive Producer for Time Team America . Taylor spent five years teaching , including two years VSO in Thailand , after completing a degree at the University of Birmingham and a PGCE at the University of Exeter . On leaving teaching he set up a company which specialised in producing educational programmes for schools . Today , Taylor is an independent writer and producer of archaeology programmes . He devised the format for Channel 4 's Time Team , which was developed from an earlier Channel 4 series Time Signs , first broadcast in 1991 . Produced by Taylor , it featured Mick Aston and Phil Harding , who both went on to appear on Time Team . He also produced the spin-off series History Hunters , Time Team Digs and Time Team Live . Taylor is a Visiting Industrial Professor for the Public Understanding of Archaeology at the University of Bristol , and has written a series of best selling books including The World Atlas of Archaeology in collaboration with Professor Mick Aston , The Ultimate Time Team Companion : An Alternative History of Britain , Behind the Scenes at Time Team , Digging the Dirt and Time Team : A Guide to the Archaeological Sites of Britain and Ireland . Taylor recently received a Visiting Professorship in ` Archaeology in the Media ' from the University of Exeter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "350d3404bd33c6628574197bf67bc4ac", "text": "The Timothy Plan The Timothy Plan is a mutual fund company screens its investments to avoid companies that support abortion , the LGBT community , pornography , `` anti-family '' entertainment , `` anti-family '' policies , alcohol , tobacco , gambling and supporting terrorist nations as defined by the US Government . Among the better-known companies that do n't meet the plan 's guidelines are General Electric , The Coca-Cola Company , Microsoft , Starbucks , Time Warner and Walt Disney Company . The fund is categorized as moral investing . Its ultimate goal is to provide an alternative investment that allows Christian and conservative investors to align their investment portfolio with their beliefs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdd27a74d0482958702a5f84eea21ef5", "text": "Book Aid International Book Aid International is an NGO that exists to encourage literacy and access to books particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East by distributing books to libraries and other locations that increase community access . Book Aid International currently work in 11 countries in sub-Saharan Africa as well as in Palestine . Book Aid International was created under the premise that Western nations were in a position to help developing countries by donating books , but the organization operates under the philosophy that literacy is best encouraged when donated books are targeted to their readers . In a recent research paper commissioned by the charity , it was declared that the development of knowledge societies puts those without access to books and literacy at a distinct disadvantage , being unable to interact adequately with society . Thus they work with governments and local librarians to help determine the need for specific subjects and titles . They also provide professional training and mentorship programs to librarians in the region . Founded in the 1950s , the organization recently celebrated its 60th anniversary . Since 2012 , it has been directed by Alison Hubert , who replaced Clive Nettleton . In 2007 the Department for International Development ended their funding agreement with Book Aid International , requiring them to reduce in staff and countries they work in . They now rely on publishers for book donations and are entirely funded by voluntary donations for funds . The annual World Book Day also helps to raise funds and awareness of their work . In January 2008 , Book Aid International became an official supporting organisation of Healthcare Information For All by 2015 , a global initiative committed to a future where people are no longer dying for lack of knowledge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10387302f29c8ff728205135ad667eef", "text": "Earth Aid Earth Aid is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a659173e0b959a056974835037c569de", "text": "Veatrice Rice Veatrice Rice ( October 1 , 1949 -- January 21 , 2009 ) was a nurse turned security guard turned television personality , best known for her appearances on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , where she served as a sidekick for comedian Jimmy Kimmel . Born in Atlanta , Georgia , and raised in Bowling Green , Kentucky , Rice worked as a parking lot security guard in the building where Jimmy Kimmel Live ! is taped . With the two other security guards on staff at the program , she performed in a variety of skits and the recurring segment `` Worst Team on Television '' . Veatrice was characterized by her wry , sarcastic demeanor , with quiet moments punctuated by outbursts of obscene language . Rice died of cancer on January 21 , 2009 . A montage of some of her funniest moments was played in her honor on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! the following day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d476a4246f9f42db5354198895693bb9", "text": "Anthony Banbury Anthony Banbury ( born in 1964 ) He served as United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Field Support until 5th of February 2016 . He resigned from this position , stating that the UN is in dire need of reform . Drawing on 30 years of experience with the UN , he criticized its sclerotic personnel system , a lack of accountability , insufficient impact and the UN 's inability to deal with transgressions by its own staff . From 23 September 2014 to 3 January 2015 , Banbury served as the Special Representative of the Secretary General and Head of the United Nations Mission for Emergency Ebola Response . He was replaced by Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed following the end of his tour of duty at UNMEER on January 3 , 2015 . Prior to this appointment of 23 September 2014 , Mr. Banbury served as Senior United Nations System Coordinator for Ebola . Prior to this appointment of 8 September , Mr. Banbury served as United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Field Support . He was appointed to this position in 2009 by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon . His responsibilities in this capacity include developing cross-cutting field support policies and strategies and overseeing daily operation across the full range of mission support areas . Banbury studied political science at Tufts University and obtained his master 's degree from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy . He also received a Diploma of Higher Studies from the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva . He held various positions in the United Nations in his early career . From 1988 to 1995 , he served in the United Nations Border Relief Operation in Thailand , the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia and the United Nations Protection Force in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia . Between 1996 and 1997 , he worked in the Secretariat , at the Executive Office of the Secretary-General and in the Department of Humanitarian Affairs . He also served as the Asia Regional Director for the World Food Programme in Bangkok from 2003 to 2009 , where he managed humanitarian relief and development operations in 14 countries . He also was an integral part of the relief operations for the 2004 tsunami and the 2008 Cyclone Nargis . Besides his working experience at the United Nations , he also worked for the United States Government , from 1997 to 1999 as an advisor on the Balkans in the Office of the Secretary of Defense , and from 2000 to 2003 at the National Security Council in the White House . He is married , with four children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "989b041562c6c686e179d56100b59d89", "text": "RICE (medicine) RICE is a mnemonic for four elements of treatment for soft tissue injuries -- an acronym for Rest , Ice , Compression and Elevation . The mnemonic was introduced by Gabe Mirkin in Sportsmedicine Book ( ISBN 978-0316574365 ) in year 1978 . However , he has since recanted his support for the regimen . On March 16 , 2014 , he wrote `` Coaches have used my ` RICE ' guideline for decades , but now it appears that both Ice and complete Rest may delay healing , instead of helping . In a recent study , athletes were told to exercise so intensely that they developed severe muscle damage that caused extensive muscle soreness . Although cooling delayed swelling , it did not hasten recovery from this muscle damage . '' RICE is considered a first-aid treatment , rather than a cure for soft tissue injuries . The aim is to manage discomfort and internal bleeding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70dc87ce8858aba9bb00b4fabac4c2d6", "text": "Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 ( , enacted July 10 , 1954 ) is a United States federal law that established Food for Peace , the primary U.S. overseas food assistance program . The Act was signed into law on July 10 , 1954 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower . According to Eisenhower , the purpose of the legislation was to `` lay the basis for a permanent expansion of our exports of agricultural products with lasting benefits to ourselves and peoples and peoples of other lands . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "262ddd5db1ca0c024eab7278823f1bdf", "text": "Help Is on the Way `` Help Is on the Way '' is a song by American rock band Rise Against , featured on their sixth studio album Endgame ( 2011 ) . Inspired by lead vocalist Tim McIlrath 's visit to New Orleans , the song is about the slow response time for aid to disaster stricken areas . It incorporates elements of punk rock and melodic hardcore , with lyrics that allude to Hurricane Katrina and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill . `` Help Is on the Way '' premiered on KROQ-FM on January 17 , 2011 , and was later released as Endgames lead single on January 25 . `` Help Is on the Way '' polarized critics , with some praising its lyrics and song structure , while others criticized it for being bland and repetitive . Despite the mixed reception , it remains one of the band 's highest charting singles to date . It peaked at eighty-nine on the Billboard Hot 100 , and reached number two on the Hot Rock Songs chart . The accompanying music video depicts an African-American family , as they attempt to escape increasing floodwater levels that engulf their neighborhood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2916f186114c2fe273fcbcdce73d081a", "text": "James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy The James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy , also known as the Baker Institute , is an American think tank on the campus of Rice University in Houston , Texas . Founded in 1993 , it functions as a nonpartisan center for public policy research . According to the 2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report ( Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program , University of Pennsylvania ) , the institute is No. 18 ( of 60 ) in the `` Top Think Tanks in the United States '' and No. 4 ( of 45 ) of the `` Best University Affiliated Thanks '' . Its Center for Energy Studies is ranked No. 2 ( of 55 ) among the world 's energy - and resource-policy think tanks , according to the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program 's 2015 Index Report . It is named for James A. Baker , III , former United States secretary of state and secretary of the Treasury . The institute 's director Edward P. Djerejian is the former United States ambassador to Israel and Syria and assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern Affairs . The institute 's board of advisors include William Barnett ( Chair ) , Colin Powell , Madeleine Albright and Rice University 's President David Leebron . The institute employs scholars and researchers from a variety of backgrounds . Its current research includes centers for different areas : The Center for the Middle East , The McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation , The Mexico Center , and The Center for Energy Studies . Other programs include China Studies , Drug Policy , Health Policy Forum , International Economics , Latin America Initiative , Politics and Elections , Religion and Public Policy , Space Policy , Science and Technology , and Tax and Expenditure Policy . The institute is a sponsoring organization for the Iraq Study Group . It is supported mainly by donor contributions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbf9d107fd298829ba3c6697553958ee", "text": "Budget support Budget support is a particular way of giving international development aid , also known as an aid instrument or aid modality . With budget support , money is given directly to a recipient country government , usually from a donor government . Budget support differs from other types of aid modalities such as : Balance of payments support , which is currently mainly the domain of the International Monetary Fund . With balance of payments support the funds go to the central bank for foreign exchange purposes , while with budget support they generally go to the Ministry of Finance ( or equivalent ) and into the budget for public spending . Project aid , where development assistance funds are used by donors to implement a specific project , with donors retaining control of the project 's financing and management . In practice , budget support varies dramatically and is done in a large range of different ways . One of the broadest distinctions is between general budget support and sector budget support . General budget support is unearmarked contributions to the government budget including funding to support the implementation of macroeconomic reforms ( structural adjustment programmes , poverty reduction strategies ) . Budget support is a method of financing a recipient country 's budget through a transfer of resources from an external financing agency to the recipient government 's national treasury . The funds thus transferred are managed in accordance with the recipient 's budgetary procedures . Funds transferred to the national treasury for financing programmes or projects managed according to different budgetary procedures from those of the recipient country , with the intention of earmarking the resources for specific uses , are therefore excluded . Sector budget support , like general budget support , is an un earmarked financial contribution to a recipient government 's budget . However , in sector budget support , the dialogue between donors and partner governments focuses on sector-specific concerns , rather than on overall policy and budget priorities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64c1380b7f9961b0eecc07041b28f3ff", "text": "Office of Net Assessment The United States Department of Defense 's Office of Net Assessment ( ONA ) was created in 1973 by Richard Nixon to serve as the Pentagon 's `` internal think tank '' that `` looks 20 to 30 years into the military 's future , often with the assistance of outside contractors , and produces reports on the results of its research '' . The Director of Net Assessment is the principal staff assistant and advisor to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense on net assessment . According to Defense Directive 5111.11 , the Director shall develop and coordinate net assessments of the standing , trends , and future prospects of U.S. military capabilities and military potential in comparison with those of other countries or groups of countries in order to identify emerging or future threats or opportunities for the United States . Paul Bracken explains that it is important to have a good grasp of net assessment because it is an `` important part of the language spoken by leaders in the higher levels of DOD '' and officers who lack familiarity `` will be at a disadvantage in communicating with the civilian leadership '' . Andrew Marshall was named its first director , a position he continued to hold under succeeding administrations . In October 2014 , Marshall announced plans to retire in January 2015 . He was replaced by Jim Baker in May 2015 . Staff members have included : David S. Yost John Milam , strategic analyst Donald Henry , `` special assistant to the director of net assessment in the Office of Net Assessment within OSD '' Stephen Michael Meyer Andrew D. May Andrew F. Krepinevich , Jr. , formerly the president of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Keith Bickel , currently Director of Corporate Strategy for Freddie Mac Tim Graczewski , currently Director of Strategic Alliances & Corporate Development for Intuit Larry Seaquist , recently a member of Washington State 's House of Representatives", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa8daa8b5b854550ab0fef80da33c916", "text": "Surajit Kumar De Datta Surajit Kumar De Datta is an Indian American agronomist who is best known for his high yield variety of rice IR-8 that contributed significantly to the Green Revolution across Asia '' . He worked 27 years at the International Rice Research Institute in Philippines helping Southeast Asia get self-sufficiency in rice production . His book on rice production , Principles and Practices of Rice Production , is considered an authoritative opus in the field of rice cultivation . He has also written two books namely , `` Availability of Phosphorus and Utilization of Phosphate Fertilizers in Some Great Soil Groups of Hawaii '' in 1963 and `` Availability of Phosphorus to Sugar Cane in Hawaii as Influenced by Various Phosphorus Fertilizers and Methods of Application '' in 1965 with James C. Moomaw . For his works , he has been awarded the Norman Borlaug Award for Outstanding Contribution to Agricultural Sciences and a citation from the President of Philippines . Prior to his arrival at Virginia Tech in 1991 , Dr. De Datta served as an agronomist and principal scientist at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines for 27 years . During that time , Dr. De Datta 's research in rice production contributed to the green revolution that helped Southeast Asia gain agricultural self-sufficiency . Dr. De Datta has received many awards over his long career . He has been named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , American Society of Agronomy , Soil Science Society of America , Crop Science Society of America , National Academy of Agricultural Sciences in India , and Indian Society of Soil Science . In addition , he received the Norman Borlaug Award for Outstanding Contribution to Agricultural Sciences and the Green Revolution in India as well as a presidential citation from the president of the Philippines in recognition of his outstanding contributions to agricultural productivity in the region . Dr. De Datta has advised a total of 77 master 's and Ph.D. students in his career . He has published 366 journal articles , technical bulletins , and other reports in the areas of soil science , soil and crop management , and weed science . He has served on numerous boards , societies , and committees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e17dac73fcf1581e03b7e6cfa3c401e2", "text": "Cotton competitiveness provisions The cotton competitiveness provisions are provisions added by the Food , Agriculture , Conservation , and Trade Act of 1990 to the cotton program designed to keep U.S. cotton prices competitive in domestic and export markets . Sometimes referred to as the `` three-step competitiveness '' provisions . Step 1 is the discretionary authority for USDA to reduce the adjusted world price ( used in the cotton marketing assistance loan program ) when world prices are declining to near the adjusted world price , but U.S. prices are higher than world prices . Though rarely used , the Step 1 adjustment is intended to make marketing loans more effective in keeping U.S. cotton globally competitive . Step 2 payments , sometimes referred to as the `` user marketing certificate program , '' are made to U.S. cotton users and exporters when U.S. prices are higher than world prices . Step 2 payments are intended to bridge price gap and keep U.S. cotton competitive . Step 3 mandates the opening of a `` special import quota '' when the differential between the higher U.S. price for cotton and the lower price for foreign cotton extends for a specified length of time . Its purpose is to allow imports to enter , acting to lower U.S. prices to bring them more in line with world prices . A step 3 quota can not be established if a limited global quota for upland cotton is in effect , which operates differently and is triggered when other price conditions are met .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97bfd7368d84240806f1893075ba6b49", "text": "Psychological first aid Psychological first aid ( PFA ) is a technique designed to reduce the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder . It was developed by the National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( NC-PTSD ) , a section of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs , in 2006 . It has been spread by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies , Community Emergency Response Team ( CERT ) , the American Psychological Association ( APA ) and many others . It was developed in a two-day intensive collaboration , involving more than 25 disaster mental health researchers , an online survey of the first cohort that used PFA and repeated reviews of the draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fadf6123c02a754206bdce5c50c7e864", "text": "Braina Braina is an intelligent personal assistant application for Microsoft Windows developed by Brainasoft . Braina uses natural language interface and speech recognition to interact with its users and allows users to use English language sentences to perform various tasks on their computer . The application can find information from the internet , play songs and videos of user 's choice , take dictation , find and open files , set alarms and reminders , performs math calculations , controls windows and programs etc. . Braina 's Android app can be used to interact with the system remotely over a Wi-Fi network . The name Braina is a short form of Brain Artificial . The software adapts to the user 's behavior over time to better anticipate needs . The software also allows users to type commands using keyboard instead of saying them . Braina comes in both free and paid version . Future plc 's TechRadar recognized Braina as one of the top 10 free essential software for 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a6fb3cae836583118efa3aeef90586", "text": "United States Army Security Assistance Command The U.S. Army Security Assistance Command ( USASAC ) -- `` The Army 's Face to the World '' , implements Army security assistance programs , including Foreign Military Sales ( FMS ) of defense articles and services to eligible foreign governments . For example the USASAC helped provide the Iraq with weapons and ammunition , including Hellfire missiles after it requested them to respond to the increased violence in the country . The USASAC is also responsible for life cycle management of FMS cases , from pre-letter of request , development , execution and closure . Each sale to overseas customers comprise the same `` total package '' of quality material , spare parts , training , publications , technical documentation , maintenance support and other services that AMC provides to Army units . The command manages about 4,600 FMS cases valued at more than $ 134 billion . In addition , USASAC is responsible for Army security assistance information management and financial policy , and provides logistics guidance to the Army security assistance community . Today , the Command is increasingly responding to support of U.S. government emergency assistance , humanitarian relief , and Operations Other Than War , including United Nations peacekeeping operations . USASAC 's motto is `` Strength in Cooperation . '' Security assistance is a national program administered by the State Department . In conjunction with the White House , Congress , and the Treasury Department , military security assistance programs are executed by the Department of Defense ( DOD ) . Security assistance promotes regional stability , deters aggression , maintains alliances , and disseminates democratic values between the United States and its allies . In carrying out the Army security assistance mission , USASAC calls on all AMC Life Cycle Management Commands , as well as other Department of Defense agencies and U.S. industry for support . USASAC is responsible for life cycle management of FMS cases , from development to execution , financial management , accounting , and settlement . Each sale of equipment to overseas customers comprises the same `` total package '' of quality materiel , spare parts , training , publications , technical documentation , maintenance support , and other services that AMC provides to U.S. Army units . Currently , USASAC is actively engaged in the `` train and equip '' mission in both Iraq and Afghanistan as well as provides support to 21 coalition partners . It was anticipated that sales in 2008 would exceed $ 15 billion . USASAC , which traces its origins to the Army 's technical service era , was designated a major subordinate command ( MSC ) of the U.S. Army Materiel Command in 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e8fe0bf6b7de6af4de58b10d7bcb1dc", "text": "9 (Damien Rice album) 9 is the second studio album by Irish singer , songwriter and producer Damien Rice , released in 2006 . The album was released on 3 November in Ireland , 6 November in the United Kingdom and 14 November in the US . It was followed by the single `` 9 Crimes '' , which was released on 27 November 2006 . The record was certified gold in the UK .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4737de832b9c66dc9dcfa13431a0462c	The lion is a member of the family felidae along with the domestic cat.	[ { "docid": "48803221da4ed30da3ba5a6da05a8cd8", "text": "Lion The lion ( Panthera leo ) is one of the big cats in the genus Panthera and a member of the family Felidae . The commonly used term African lion collectively denotes the several subspecies in Africa . With some males exceeding 250 kg in weight , it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger , barring hybrids like the liger . Wild lions currently exist in sub-Saharan Africa and in India ( where an endangered remnant population resides in and around Gir Forest National Park ) . In ancient historic times , their range was in most of Africa , including North Africa , and across Eurasia from Greece and southeastern Europe to India . In the late Pleistocene , about 10,000 years ago , the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans : Panthera leo spelaea lived in northern and western Europe and Panthera leo atrox lived in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru . The lion is classified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) , having seen a major population decline in its African range of 30 -- 50 % over two decades during the second half of the twentieth century . Lion populations are untenable outside designated reserves and national parks . Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood , habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes of concern . Within Africa , the West African lion population is particularly endangered . In the wilderness , males seldom live longer than 10 to 14 years , as injuries sustained from continual fighting with rival males greatly reduce their longevity . In captivity they can live more than 20 years . They typically inhabit savanna and grassland , although they may take to bush and forest . Lions are unusually social compared to other cats . A pride of lions consists of related females and offspring and a small number of adult males . Groups of female lions typically hunt together , preying mostly on large ungulates . Lions are apex and keystone predators , although they are also expert scavengers obtaining over 50 percent of their food by scavenging as opportunity allows . While lions do not typically hunt humans , some have . Sleeping mainly during the day , lions are active primarily at night ( nocturnal ) , although sometimes at twilight ( crepuscular ) . Highly distinctive , the male lion is easily recognised by its mane , and its face is one of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture . Depictions have existed from the Upper Paleolithic period , with carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France dated to 17,000 years ago , through virtually all ancient and medieval cultures where they once occurred . It has been extensively depicted in sculptures , in paintings , on national flags , and in contemporary films and literature . Lions have been kept in menageries since the time of the Roman Empire , and have been a key species sought for exhibition in zoos over the world since the late eighteenth century . Zoos are cooperating worldwide in breeding programs for the endangered Asiatic subspecies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1afbff0667200cac603fd6b290617d0", "text": "Felidae The biological family Felidae is a lineage of carnivorans that includes the cats . A member of this family is also called a felid . The characteristic features of cats have evolved to support a carnivorous lifestyle , with adaptations for ambush or stalking and short pursuit hunting . They have gracile and muscular bodies , strong flexible forelimbs and retractable claws for holding prey , dental and cranial adaptations for a strong bite , and often have characteristic striped or spotted coat patterns for camouflage . Cats are obligate carnivores , meaning they are dependent on nutrients in animal flesh for survival , and because of the large proportion of meat in their diet are sometimes referred to as hypercarnivores . Of the 13 terrestrial families in the order Carnivora , they are the strictest carnivores . Living cats belong to two subfamilies , the Pantherinae and Felinae . The former comprises the `` big cats '' ( the tiger , lion , jaguar , leopard , snow leopard , clouded leopard and Sunda clouded leopard ) . Felinae comprises all the non-pantherine cats , which range in size from the small rusty-spotted cat to the big cat-sized puma and includes such diverse forms as the lynx , ocelot , serval and cheetah , as well as the domestic cat . The first cats emerged during the Oligocene , about 25 million years ago , with the appearance of Proailurus and Pseudaelurus . The latter species complex was ancestral to two main lines of felids , the cats in the extant subfamilies and a third major group of extinct cats , which are assigned to the subfamily Machairodontinae . The machairodonts included the saber-toothed cats such as the Smilodon . The `` false sabre toothed cats '' , the Barbourofelidae and Nimravidae , are not true cats , but are closely related and together with Felidae and other cat-like carnivores ( hyaenas , viverrids and mongooses ) make up the feliform carnivores .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bd085b7a36337602f85c95c4b95b1b76", "text": "Leona Leona is a female variant of the name Leo or Leon . The name is derived from the Latin leo for `` lion '' . The French form of Leona is Leonie . Leona may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "691fe317a62c8e2fba6099e02cb2b7f2", "text": "Ragdoll The Ragdoll is a cat breed with blue eyes and a distinct colorpoint coat . It is a large and muscular semi-longhair cat with a soft and silky coat . Like all long haired cats , Ragdolls need grooming to ensure their fur does not mat . Developed by American breeder Ann Baker in the 1960s , it is best known for its docile and placid temperament and affectionate nature . The name `` Ragdoll '' is derived from the tendency of individuals from the original breeding stock to go limp and relaxed when picked up . Particularly popular in both the United Kingdom and the breed 's native United States , ragdoll cats often are known as `` dog-like cats '' or `` puppy-like cats '' due to behaviors such as their tendency to follow people around , their ease at being physically handled , and their relative lack of aggression toward other pets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e015aea4c3356787130ad7fb93f0b9", "text": "Tonkinese cat Tonkinese are a domestic cat breed produced by crossbreeding between the Siamese and Burmese . They share many of their parents ' distinctively lively , playful personality traits and are similarly distinguished by a pointed coat pattern in a variety of colors . In addition to the modified coat colors of the `` mink '' pattern , which is a dilution of the point color ( as in watercolors ) , the breed is now being shown in the foundation-like Siamese and Burmese colors : pointed with white and Solid overall ( sepia . ) They are also now designated a natural breed , as their history has now determined them to have been extant since the 14th Century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1458b37fabc3e9781feefe13a0be8879", "text": "List of people known as the Lion The Lion is an epithet used to describe : Ali Pasha ( 1740-1822 ) , Ottoman pasha of Yanina Henry the Lion ( 1129-1195 ) , Duke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria Louis VIII of France ( 1187-1226 ) , King of France Robert III , Count of Flanders ( 1249-1322 ) , the `` Lion of Flanders '' Umur Beg ( 1309 ? -1348 ) , Emir of Aydin William the Lion ( c. 1143-1214 ) , King of the Scots from 1165 to 1214 Willie `` The Lion '' Smith ( 1893-1973 ) , American jazz pianist `` The Lion '' , a Miami-based American smuggler for the Medellin Cartel , featured in Narcos season 2 , episode 5", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8973f7618b88752dbd2e7ee9b58f689", "text": "Coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo The coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo has a shield with a rampant red lion holding a torch . The background color of the shield is yellow with a green wavy stripe in the middle . A golden crown sits above the shield . Two large African elephants support the shield . A banner with the national motto `` Unité Travail Progrès '' ( `` Unity , Work , Progress '' translated from `` La Congolaise '' ) is draped from a bar supporting the elephants . The arms were adopted in 1960 and readopted in 1991 after having been replaced with a simpler , unheraldic symbol during the People 's Republic of the Congo era from 1970 -- 1991 . Category : National symbols of the Republic of the Congo Congo , Republic of the Congo , Republic Congo , Republic Congo , Republic Congo , Republic", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10e0d34a5794640731eba0482b523041", "text": "Rabbit Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha , found in several parts of the world . There are eight different genera in the family classified as rabbits , including the European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) , cottontail rabbits ( genus Sylvilagus ; 13 species ) , and the Amami rabbit ( Pentalagus furnessi , an endangered species on Amami Ōshima , Japan ) . There are many other species of rabbit , and these , along with pikas and hares , make up the order Lagomorpha . The male is called a buck and the female is a doe ; a young rabbit is a kitten or kit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdf6f9af811d2938e5e29c2553438b58", "text": "Domestic Shorthair Domestic Shorthair may refer to : Domestic short-haired cat , the most common type of non-purebred house cat ; `` Domestic Shorthair '' is a cat show competition category name for this landrace , as used by some but not all fancier organizations which permit them American Shorthair , a formal cat breed ; `` Domestic Shorthair '' was its original name in some US-based fancier organizations", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18935c5a5750ebf6bbf52764bbc136be", "text": "Palaeognathae Palaeognathae , or paleognaths , is one of the two living clades of birds -- the other being Neognathae . Together , these two clades form the clade Neornithes . Palaeognathae contains five extant branches of flightless lineages ( plus two extinct clades ) , termed ratites , and one flying lineage , the Neotropic tinamous . There are 47 species of tinamous , 5 of kiwis ( Apteryx ) , 3 of cassowaries ( Casuarius ) , 1 of emus ( Dromaius ) ( another became extinct in historic times ) , 2 of rheas and 2 of ostrich . Recent research has indicated that paleognaths are monophyletic but the traditional taxonomic split between flightless and flighted forms is incorrect ; tinamous are within the ratite radiation , meaning flightlessness arose independently multiple times via parallel evolution . There are three extinct groups , the Lithornithiformes , the Dinornithiformes ( moas ) and the Aepyornithiformes ( elephant birds ) , that are undisputed members of Palaeognathae . There are other extinct birds which have been allied with the Palaeognathae by at least one author , but their affinities are a matter of dispute . The word Paleognath is derived from the ancient Greek for `` old jaws '' in reference to the skeletal anatomy of the palate , which is described as more primitive and reptilian than that in other birds . Paleognathous birds retain some basal morphological characters but are by no means living fossils as their genomes continued to evolve at the DNA level under selective pressure at rates comparable to the Neognathae branch of living birds , though there is some controversy about the precise relationship between them and the other birds . There are also several other scientific controversies about their evolution ( see below ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecdf55dce19faa3b73704dea8370b731", "text": "African civet The African civet ( Civettictis civetta ) -LSB- ˈsɪvɪt -RSB- is the largest representative of the African Viverridae and the sole member of its genus . It is considered common and widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa . It is primarily nocturnal and spends the day sleeping in dense vegetation . It is a solitary mammal that has a unique coloration : the black and white stripes and blotches covering the coarse pelage of the animal are extremely variable and allow it to be cryptic . The black bands surrounding its eyes closely resemble those of the raccoon . Other distinguishing features are its disproportionately large hindquarters and its erectile dorsal crest . The African civet is an omnivorous generalist , taking small vertebrates , invertebrates , eggs , carrion , and vegetable matter . It is capable of taking on poisonous invertebrates and snakes . Prey is primarily detected by smell and sound rather than by sight . It prefers riverine habitats and woodlands . Like all civets it has perineal glands that produce a fluid known as civet , which it spreads on markers in its territory to claim its range . It is used in the perfume industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "153b74cbd7724136843d633574cc0847", "text": "Fabaceae The Fabaceae , Leguminosae or Papilionaceae , commonly known as the legume , pea , or bean family , are a large and economically important family of flowering plants . It includes trees , shrubs , and perennial or annual herbaceous plants , which are easily recognized by their fruit ( legume ) and their compound , stipulated leaves . Many legumes have characteristics of flowers and fruits.The family is widely distributed , and is the third-largest land plant family in terms of number of species , behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae , with about 751 genera and some 19,000 known species . The five largest of the genera are Astragalus ( over 3,000 species ) , Acacia ( over 1000 species ) , Indigofera ( around 700 species ) , Crotalaria ( around 700 species ) and Mimosa ( around 500 species ) , which constitute about a quarter of all legume species . The ca. 19,000 known legume species amount to about 7 % of flowering plant species . Fabaceae is the most common family found in tropical rainforests and in dry forests in the Americas and Africa . Recent molecular and morphological evidence supports the fact that the Fabaceae is a single monophyletic family . This point of view has been supported not only by the degree of interrelation shown by different groups within the family compared with that found among the Leguminosae and their closest relations , but also by all the recent phylogenetic studies based on DNA sequences . These studies confirm that the Fabaceae are a monophyletic group that is closely related to the Polygalaceae , Surianaceae and Quillajaceae families and that they belong to the order Fabales . Along with the cereals , some fruits and tropical roots a number of Leguminosae have been a staple human food for millennia and their use is closely related to human evolution . A number are important agricultural and food plants , including Glycine max ( soybean ) , Phaseolus ( beans ) , Pisum sativum ( pea ) , Cicer arietinum ( chickpeas ) , Medicago sativa ( alfalfa ) , Arachis hypogaea ( peanut ) , Lathyrus odoratus ( sweet pea ) , Ceratonia siliqua ( carob ) , and Glycyrrhiza glabra ( liquorice ) . A number of species are also weedy pests in different parts of the world , including : Cytisus scoparius ( broom ) , Robinia pseudoacacia ( black locust ) , Ulex europaeus ( gorse ) , Pueraria lobata ( kudzu ) , and a number of Lupinus species .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0da5d10889cd408a49843d3035eccaf1", "text": "Shrew A shrew or shrew mouse ( family Soricidae ) is a small mole-like mammal classified in the order Eulipotyphla . True shrews are also not to be confused with West Indies shrews , treeshrews , otter shrews , or elephant shrews , which belong to different families or orders . Although its external appearance is generally that of a long-nosed mouse , a shrew is not a rodent , as mice are . It is in fact a much closer relative of moles , and related to rodents only in that both belong to the Boreoeutheria Magnorder . Shrews have sharp , spike-like teeth , not the familiar gnawing front incisor teeth of rodents . Shrews are distributed almost worldwide : of the major tropical and temperate land masses , only New Guinea , Australia , and New Zealand do not have any native shrews ; in South America , shrews are relatively recent immigrants and are present only in the northern Andes . In terms of species diversity , the shrew family is the fourth most successful mammal family , being rivalled only by the muroid rodent families Muridae and Cricetidae and the bat family Vespertilionidae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "077dabf5c8495211930e8526ae4b324d", "text": "Columba (genus) The large bird genus Columba comprises a group of medium to large stout-bodied pigeons , often referred to as the typical pigeons . The terms `` dove '' and `` pigeon '' are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae , respectively . Columba species -- at least those of Columba sensu stricto -- are generally termed `` pigeons '' , and in many cases wood-pigeons . The species commonly referred to just as `` the pigeon '' is the feral pigeon ( C. livia domestica ) . It is derived from the rock pigeon ( C. livia ) , which also has given rise to the majority of domesticated pigeon breeds , such as the racing pigeon . Meanwhile , `` wood pigeon '' by itself usually means the common wood pigeon ( C. palumbus ) . This genus as understood today is native to the Old World , but some -- notably the domestic and feral rock pigeon -- have been introduced outside their natural range , for example in the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4020fdfdb3e29d37644b82e7001bbcab", "text": "Origin of the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog is not clear . The domestic dog is a member of genus Canis ( canines ) that forms part of the wolf-like canids , and is the most widely abundant carnivore . The closest living relative of the dog is the gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage . The dog and the extant gray wolf form two sister clades , with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated . The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago , with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago . These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists . The dog was the first domesticated species . Where the genetic divergence of dog and wolf took place remains controversial , with the most plausible proposals spanning Western Europe , Central Asia , and East Asia . This has been made more complicated by the most recent proposal that fits the available evidence , which is that an initial wolf population split into East and West Eurasian groups ; these , before going extinct , were domesticated independently into two distinct dog populations between 14,000 -- 6,400 years ago . The Western Eurasian dog population was partially and gradually replaced by East Asian dogs introduced by humans at least 6,400 years ago .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7a508c023808bf7f2494b70c9cdd5b1", "text": "Homotherini Homotherini is an extinct tribe of carnivoran mammals of the family Felidae ( true cats ) . The tribe is commonly known as scimitar-toothed cats . These saber-toothed cats were endemic to North America , Europe , Asia , Africa , and South America from the Miocene to Pleistocene living from c. 23 Ma until c. 12,000 years ago .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c545d45acc1c72ff93182e5dceb0508", "text": "Lykoi The Lykoi , also called the Werewolf cat , is a natural mutation from a domestic short-haired cat that has the appearance of a werewolf . The mutation has occurred in domestic cats over the last 20 years . Genetic testing done at UC Davis confirm that the cats do not carry the Sphynx/Devon gene . The Lykoi breed was developed in Vonore , Tennessee . The word lykoi means `` wolves '' in Greek .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e9402de833a364039c1f6ab949585e0", "text": "Jungle cat The jungle cat ( Felis chaus ) , also called the reed cat or swamp cat , is a medium-sized cat native to the Middle East , South and Southeast Asia and southern China . It is a member of the genus Felis and was first described by Johann Anton Güldenstädt in 1776 . Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber gave the jungle cat its present binomial name and is therefore generally considered as binomial authority . Ten subspecies are recognised at present . The jungle cat is a large , long-legged cat ; it stands nearly 36 cm at shoulder and weighs 2 -- . Its sandy , reddish-brown or grey coat is uniformly coloured and without spots ; melanistic and albino individuals are also known . Moults occur biannually . Typically diurnal , the jungle cat hunts throughout the day . Solitary in nature , jungle cats do not interact appreciably except in the mating season . The only prominent interaction is the mother-kitten bond . Territories are maintained by urine spraying and scent marking . The cat is primarily a carnivore , and prefers small mammals ( gerbils , hares and rodents ) and birds . It hunts by stalking its prey , followed by a sprint or a leap ; the sharp ears help in pinpointing the location of prey . Both sexes become sexually mature by the time they are a year old ; females enter oestrus from January to March . Mating behaviour is similar to that in the domestic cat : the male pursues the female in oestrus , seizes her by the nape of her neck and mounts her . Gestation lasts nearly two months . Births take place between December and June , though this might vary geographically . Kittens begin to catch their own prey at around six months and leave the mother after eight or nine months . The jungle cat is a habitat generalist ; it inhabits places with adequate water and dense vegetation , such as swamps , wetlands and riparian areas . Despite its name , the jungle cat shuns rainforests and woodlands . The jungle cat is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and is mainly threatened by destruction of wetlands , trapping and poisoning . The status of the cat in the wild needs further study , though populations are thought to be declining .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "167ef1145ce639e66afd5662123ff4ea", "text": "Evolution of birds The evolution of birds began in the Jurassic Period , with the earliest birds derived from a clade of theropoda dinosaurs named Paraves . Birds are categorized as a biological class , Aves . The earliest known is Archaeopteryx lithographica , from the Late Jurassic period , though Archaeopteryx is not commonly considered to have been a true bird . Modern phylogenies place birds in the dinosaur clade Theropoda . According to the current consensus , Aves and a sister group , the order Crocodilia , together are the sole living members of an unranked `` reptile '' clade , the Archosauria . Four distinct lineages of bird survived the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event 66 million years ago , giving rise to ostriches and relatives ( Paleognathae ) , ducks and relatives ( Anseriformes ) , ground-living fowl ( Galliformes ) , and `` modern birds '' ( Neoaves ) . Phylogenetically , Aves is usually defined as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of a specific modern bird species ( such as the house sparrow , Passer domesticus ) , and either Archaeopteryx , or some prehistoric species closer to Neornithes ( to avoid the problems caused by the unclear relationships of Archaeopteryx to other theropods ) . If the latter classification is used then the larger group is termed Avialae . Currently , the relationship between dinosaurs , Archaeopteryx , and modern birds is still under debate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a68fdb8e0b52e9b8e3e2de27f9ab3707", "text": "Falconidae The falcons and caracaras are around 60 species of diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae . The family is divided into two subfamilies , Polyborinae , which includes the caracaras and forest falcons , and Falconinae , the falcons , kestrels and falconets ( Microhierax and Spiziapteryx ) . They differ from the eagles of Accipitridae , in that falcons kill with their beaks instead of their taloned feet . They have a `` tooth '' on the side of their beak for this purpose .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbf77b8685ab0df7d22fd118261f7a44", "text": "Felis attica Felis attica is an extinct felid of the subfamily Felinae . Around 12 million years ago , the genus Felis appeared and eventually gave rise to many of the modern small cats . Felis attica was a small lynx-like cat , and was one of the ancestors of the first modern Felis species , such as F. lunensis ( Martelli 's cat ) , which appeared around 2.5 million years ago during the Pliocene epoch . Fossil specimens of F. attica have been recovered in western Eurasia . Fossil evidence suggests that F. attica was among the smallest of the Miocene Felinae : about the size of the modern bobcat ( Lynx rufus ) , but with a longer profile . It was made the type species of a separate genus , Pristifelis , by Salesa et al. ( 2012 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c883292bebf1019060e2898b16abc27d", "text": "Maine Coon The Maine Coon is one of the largest domesticated breeds of cat . It has a distinctive physical appearance and valuable hunting skills . It is one of the oldest natural breeds in North America , specifically `` native '' to the state of Maine ( though the feline was simply introduced there ) , where it is the official state cat . No records of the Maine Coon 's exact origins and date of introduction to the United States exist , so several competing hypotheses have been suggested . The breed was popular in cat shows in the late 19th century , but its existence became threatened when long-haired breeds from overseas were introduced in the early 20th century . The Maine Coon has since made a comeback and is now one of the more popular cat breeds in the world . The Maine Coon is a large and sociable cat , hence its nickname , `` the gentle giant . '' It is characterized by a prominent ruff along its chest , robust bone structure , triangular body shape , an uneven two layered coat with longer guard hairs with a silky satin under layer undercoat , and a long , bushy tail . The breed 's colors vary widely , with only lilac and chocolate disallowed for pedigree . Reputed for its intelligence and playful , gentle personality , the Maine Coon is often cited as having `` dog-like '' characteristics . Professionals notice certain health problems in the breed including feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hip dysplasia , but reputable breeders use modern screening methods to minimize the frequency of these problems .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3bebc6f3745ad952bb6428df5dd374e0	Transformers: Age of Extinction was put out in 2014.	[ { "docid": "2e416dfecb6562ec31828b04569e80b2", "text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction Transformers : Age of Extinction is a 2014 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers franchise . It is the fourth installment of the live-action Transformers film series and a stand-alone sequel to 2011 's Transformers : Dark of the Moon , taking place five years after its events . Like its predecessors , it was directed by Michael Bay and written by Ehren Kruger , with Steven Spielberg and Bay as executive producers . It stars Mark Wahlberg , with Peter Cullen reprising his role as the voice of Optimus Prime , as the lead roles . It is the first film in the series to not feature the original human characters from the first three films , but features a new cast of human characters and many new Transformers including : the Dinobots , Lockdown , Stinger , Junkheap , Hound , Crosshairs and Drift . Returning Transformers include : Optimus Prime , Bumblebee , Ratchet , Leadfoot , Brains and Megatron ( now known as Galvatron ) . The film was released on June 27 , 2014 , in IMAX and 3D . Transformers : Age of Extinction was panned by critics , many of whom considered it poorly directed , badly acted , and terribly written . According to Rotten Tomatoes , it is the worst reviewed film in the series , holding an 18 % approval rating . It also received seven nominations at the 35th Golden Raspberry Awards , including Worst Picture and Worst Prequel , Remake , Rip-off or Sequel , with Bay and Kelsey Grammer winning the awards for Worst Director and Worst Supporting Actor respectively . The film grossed over $ 1.104 billion worldwide , making it the highest-grossing film of 2014 , the second highest-grossing film in the Transformers series , the 19th film to gross over $ 1 billion , and the 16th highest-grossing film of all time . It was the only film to gross over $ 1 billion in 2014 . A sequel , Transformers : The Last Knight , is set to be released on June 21 , 2017 , with Cullen , Tucci , and Wahlberg returning , and Bay directing .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7f6cd07e4d1904c341a433d40487d014", "text": "The Transformers: Maximum Dinobots The Transformers : Maximum Dinobots was a story arc from IDW Publishing 's The Transformers , and followed The Transformers : All Hail Megatron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51ef683ea049df764870b3e794fb048f", "text": "Tow-Line Tow-Line is the name of two fictional characters in the various Transformers universes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ca9a037e3440c74d8c1aa800b03edb", "text": "Lorenzo di Bonaventura Lorenzo di Bonaventura ( -LSB- loˈrɛntso di bɔ nɑ vɛnˈtu rɑ -RSB- ; born November 29 , 1957 ) is an American film producer and founder of his company Di Bonaventura Pictures . He is best known for producing the Transformers film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4a8657c06afb438f60bf922db251712", "text": "Death's Head Death 's Head is a fictional character appearing in British comics and American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a robotic bounty hunter ( or rather , as he calls himself , a `` freelance peace-keeping agent '' ) . The character was created by writer Simon Furman and artist Geoff Senior for the company 's Marvel UK imprint . Furman decided to use Death 's Head in his Transformers stories , but believed that characters appearing in Transformers `` were prone to be absorbed into that title 's catchall copyright '' ( allowing Hasbro to contest their ownership ) and led to a one-page strip titled `` High Noon Tex '' ( which was subsequently published in various Marvel UK titles ) being hastily created to establish Marvel 's ownership of the character . Furman has stated that he chose the name Death 's Head for the character while unaware of the `` Nazi-connotations of the name '' . The character was later redesigned and relaunched as Death 's Head II , acting as one of the flagship characters for Marvel UK 's 1990s expansion . This version of Death 's Head also inspired two spin-off characters , Death Wreck and Death Metal , each of which starred in its own limited series . Later , in 2005 , fans used a poll on Marvel 's website to vote for the character 's return . This led to a third version of Death 's Head , Death 's Head 3.0 , created by original Death 's Head writer Simon Furman . Simon Furman said in 2011 that the character was still popular because `` he 'll never change or compromise or grow or repent or agonise like most comic book characters . He 's this unchanging , uncompromising rock that other characters bounce off . But you still kind of love him . Weird . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a4cef110ecdb679c24fdcd612673fce", "text": "Gears of War Gears of War is a video game franchise created and originally owned by Epic Games , developed and managed by The Coalition , and owned and published by Microsoft Studios . The series focuses on the conflict between humanity , the subterranean reptilian hominids known as the Locust Horde , and their mutated counterparts , the Lambent & the Swarm . The franchise consists of five third-person shooter video games , which has also been supplemented by a comic book series and five novels . The first installment , titled Gears of War , was released on November 7 , 2006 for the Xbox 360 . The game follows protagonist Marcus Fenix , a soldier in the Coalition of Ordered Governments tasked to lead a last-ditch effort to destroy the Locust Horde and save humanity . Two subsequent titles , Gears of War 2 ( 2008 ) and Gears of War 3 ( 2011 ) , continued Fenix and humanity 's ongoing conflict with the Locust Horde and Lambent forces . In 2013 , Epic Games and Microsoft released Gears of War : Judgment , a prequel to the series ' first title , which instead focuses on Damon Baird , one of Fenix 's squad-mates . Gears of War : Ultimate Edition was released for Microsoft Windows on March 1 , 2016 . The series ' third sequel , Gears of War 4 , is set 25 years after Gears of War 3 and follows Marcus Fenix 's son , JD , as he battles new foes that threaten humanity . Gears of War was developed by Epic Games . Cliff Bleszinski , who has previously worked on Epic 's Unreal Tournament games , served the series ' lead game designer for the first three installments . He was inspired by gameplay elements from Resident Evil 4 , Kill Switch , and Bionic Commando . The series was also guided by Rod Fergusson , the executive producer and director of development of Epic Games until 2012 . The first four installments of the Gears of War series used a modified version of the Unreal Engine 3 engine . On January 27 , 2014 , Microsoft acquired all rights to the franchise from Epic Games . Canadian studio The Coalition developed Gears of War 4 , which was released on October 11 , 2016 for the Xbox One and Windows 10 . Gears of War became one of the best-selling franchises for the Xbox 360 . The series is well known for its emphasis on cover-based combat , in which players can use objects to avoid gunfire or safely engage enemies . All five installments in Gears of War featured several multiplayer modes that allowed players to compete against each other or team-up to battle AI opponents on Xbox Live . The Gears of War games have been amongst the most popular and most played titles on Xbox Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33ea65c5c3e02d55b92275c041ebe07", "text": "Transformers: Victory is an anime series produced by Toei Animation . It is a Japanese-produced spin-off of the well-known original Transformers cartoon , and the final complete animated series from the original `` Generation 1 '' era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e1eb519f83e42b10ad55efdda469d9", "text": "The Transformers (1986 video game) The Transformers is a platform shoot 'em up game based on the Transformers franchise . It was written by Denton Designs and released by Ocean Software for the Sinclair Spectrum and Commodore 64 home computers in 1986", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dac4d60c90a9e4740428736d3167e0da", "text": "Spike Witwicky Spike Witwicky is a regular character in the Transformers comics and television series . Spike and the rest of the Witwicky family members are the closest human allies of the Autobots . Their motto is `` No sacrifice , no victory '' . They appeared in the original television and comic book series and later in the live action films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35c1ce30072843edffdd6b027d029db5", "text": "Beast Wars: Transformers (video game) Beast Wars : Transformers is a third-person shooter developed by Sony Computer Entertainment Cambridge and published by Hasbro Interactive and Takara on December 5 , 1997 for PlayStation and May 31 , 1998 for PC . It is based on the popular Transformers : Beast Wars animated series , specifically the first season , after the introduction of Airazor and Inferno .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6678087bfdbccdeb238329cebd2581c4", "text": "Transformers Label series The Transformers Label series is a line of the Transformers series by Takara Tomy released exclusively in the Japanese market . The toys in this line consist of transforming robot figures with certain themes such as working electronic devices or crossover licenses with other brands and franchises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b33149ae166aaa4c7f40c6b82e9745a", "text": "Joss Whedon Joss Whedon ( -LSB- ˈwiːdən -RSB- ) ( born Joseph Hill Whedon on June 23 , 1964 ) is an American screenwriter , film and television director , film and television producer , comic book author , and composer . He is the founder of Mutant Enemy Productions and co-founder of Bellwether Pictures , and is best known as the creator of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997 -- 2003 ) , Angel ( 1999 -- 2004 ) , Firefly ( 2002 ) , Dollhouse ( 2009 -- 10 ) and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( from 2013 ) . Whedon co-wrote the Pixar film Toy Story ( 1995 ) , wrote and directed the Firefly film continuation Serenity ( 2005 ) , co-wrote and directed the Internet mini-series Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog ( 2008 ) , co-wrote and produced the horror comedy The Cabin in the Woods ( 2012 ) , and wrote and directed the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films The Avengers ( 2012 ) and its sequel Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2302f25385b7506429b77c976cb10156", "text": "CineStar IMAX Lahore CineStar ( or Cinestar IMAX Cinema ) is the first IMAX and one of the top 3D movie theatres in Pakistan . It is based in Township , Lahore , Punjab . In March 2012 it was reported that CineStar had signed on an agreement with IMAX Corporation to open up IMAX theatres in Pakistan . In March 2014 , it was announced that Pepsi Pakistan and CineStar had signed on to be partners and acquired the rights for IMAX theatres across Pakistan . The IMAX was launched on June 26 , 2014 with the release of Transformers : Age of Extinction in Pakistan . Good cinema", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2681655ad395406ad7b06d39a664e6da", "text": "TransBot TransBot , known in Japan as , is a video game for the Sega Master System originally released in 1986 . It is a sci-fi-themed shoot 'em up inspired by Transformers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e2f0da157657339f6abf18774004d7", "text": "Transformers: Scramble City , sometimes referred to as just is an episode of The Transformers released as an OVA ( Original Video Animation ) in Japan in April 1986 . It was created as a promotional video for the new line of ` Scramble City ' toys and the cassettes were paired with the toy sets . Despite strong belief ( such as that voiced on the 20th Anniversary DVD bonus commentary for the episode ) , it was not meant to introduce Japanese audiences to the new characters from The Transformers : The Movie ( considering Ultra Magnus , Ramhorn , Steeljaw , and Ratbat are the only ones from the film that appear in it ) . Chronologically , it takes place years before the movie during the early stages of construction on Autobot City . But since Trypticon appeared ( and was supposed to debut in Five Faces of Darkness ) , it can be assumed that this video takes place after Alternity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87ddac9c60dbccb787cad9130c843083", "text": "Space Battleship Yamato 2199: Odyssey of the Celestial Ark is a 2014 film based on the Space Battleship Yamato 2199 anime series . The movie is set during the events of the series , primarily as the eponymous spaceship Yamato makes its way back to Earth after a long voyage to the planet Iscandar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83001388348f84d5b79d7c49fb6b2cc7", "text": "Autómata Autómata is a 2014 Spanish-Bulgarian science fiction action film starring Antonio Banderas . The film is directed by Spanish director Gabe Ibáñez and co-written by Ibáñez with Igor Legarreta and Javier Sánchez Donate . Along with Banderas , the film stars Birgitte Hjort Sørensen , Melanie Griffith , Dylan McDermott , Robert Forster and Tim McInnerny .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73632a6c1344d4a4c509e1943ff784a", "text": "Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games . Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba2871e09a5761083bcda675271548c7", "text": "The Signal (2014 film) The Signal is a 2014 American science fiction thriller film directed by William Eubank and co-written with Carlyle Eubank and David Frigerio . The film stars Brenton Thwaites and Laurence Fishburne . The film premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on June 13 , 2014 . The film is among an increasing number of low-budget , independent science fiction films to be included at the Sundance Film Festival in recent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70872fe702b5c1d334559997c24581c7", "text": "James Bachman James Hamilton Bachman ( born 24 February 1972 ) is an English comedian , actor and writer . He has written for and acted in many British television and radio programmes , including That Mitchell and Webb Look , Saxondale , Bleak Expectations and Sorry , I 've Got No Head . In 2014 he co-starred in the film Transformers : Age of Extinction . He is the grandson of the best-selling author M. M. Kaye , and holds both British and American citizenship .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6f6feb149998e3d774bf921a190e6c37	Attack the Block is only a book.	[ { "docid": "576a9957155e7f97dd107e5da621338c", "text": "Attack the Block Attack the Block is a 2011 British science fiction horror comedy film written and directed by Joe Cornish and starring Jodie Whittaker , John Boyega , Nick Frost and Luke Treadaway . It is notable for being the film debut for both Cornish , Boyega , and future Academy Award-winning composer Steven Price . The film centres on a teenage street gang who have to defend themselves from predatory alien invaders on a council estate in South London on Guy Fawkes Night . Released on 11 May 2011 , it achieved significant popularity , favourable critical reviews , and accolades internationally . Attack the Block has been listed as a cult film in the making by a significant number of websites .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6053fcc548df395126e716c437be135b", "text": "The Block (album) The Block is the fifth studio album by New Kids on the Block . The album was released on September 2 , 2008 , along with a deluxe edition that included four bonus tracks . It sold 100,000 copies in its first week of release and debuted at number one on the U.S. Top Pop Albums chart and at number two on the Billboard 200 . Several artists collaborated on the album , such as Ne-Yo , Lady Gaga , The Pussycat Dolls , Akon , Teddy Riley and New Edition . The first official single from the album is `` Summertime '' and the song was released on May 13 , 2008 . The second official single titled `` Single '' featuring Ne-Yo was released on August 12 , 2008 . The third single `` Dirty Dancing '' was released on December 19 . The single was the album 's most successful single in Europe and Canada , peaking at number 31 and reaching the number-one position on the CHUM Chart in Toronto on February 21 , 2009 after twelve weeks on the chart . The album 's fourth single , `` 2 in the Morning '' , was officially released February 23 , 2009 in the United States and the United Kingdom . It is the group 's first studio album in fourteen years since Face the Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f228be9c3f78aca473cf1cdd026677c", "text": "We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket . The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows : We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens . The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22b174454030dd444096f59c4df79340", "text": "Key-recovery attack A key-recovery attack is an adversary 's attempt to recover the cryptographic key of an encryption scheme . Historically , cryptanalysis of block ciphers has focused on key-recovery , but security against these sorts of attacks is a very weak guarantee since it may not be necessary to recover the key to obtain partial information about the message or decrypt message entirely . Modern cryptography uses more robust notions of security . Recently , indistinguishability under adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack ( IND-CCA2 security ) has become the `` golden standard '' of security . The most obvious key-recovery attack is the exhaustive key-search attack . But modern ciphers often have a key space of size or greater , making such attacks infeasible with current technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9899176531546abcb014dbe388d9f88e", "text": "An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings . Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful . Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c60a18ed726bf63541d875edacf4a6c", "text": "Open Book Alliance The Open Book Alliance was an organization formed in 2009 to contest the Google Book Search Settlement , which it believe could allow Google , the Association of American Publishers and the Authors ' Guild collectively `` to monopolize the access , distribution and pricing of the largest digital database of books in the world '' . It was led by anti-trust lawyer Gary Reback . The Settlement was rejected by a federal judge in March 2011 and the Alliance 's blog has been inactive since May 2012 . Its members were : Amazon.com , American Society of Journalists and Authors , Council of Literary Magazines and Presses , Internet Archive , Microsoft , National Writers Union , New York Library Association , Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America , Small Press Distribution , Special Libraries Association and Yahoo! .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07f563c97b5262caf0e4bde9f687f9a6", "text": "The Insult The Insult is a novel by Rupert Thomson . The novel describes the life of Martin Blom , who is shot while walking to his car and consequently goes blind . While being treated in a clinic , he seemingly regains his vision , but only at night . While his doctors assure him he has Anton 's syndrome , he believes adamantly in his ability to see , even going so far as to disguise it from others who think him still blind . The book is written as a first-person narrative . The novel 's title is a pun on the use of the word `` insult '' to describe traumatic brain injury and refers to the shock of losing one 's sight as the ultimate insult .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "951f1c8174d31694d3103cef5598aec6", "text": "Council on Books in Wartime The Council on Books in Wartime ( 1942 -- 1946 ) was an American non-profit organization founded by booksellers , publishers , librarians , authors , and others , in the spring of 1942 to channel the use of books as `` weapons in the war of ideas '' ( the Council 's motto ) . Its primary aim was the promotion of books to influence the thinking of the American people regarding World War II , to build and maintain the will to win , to expose the true nature of the enemy , to disseminate technical information , to provide relaxation and inspiration , and to clarify war aims and problems of peace . The Council co-operated with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) and other Government agencies , but was itself a voluntary , unpaid , non-Governmental organization . The Council attempted to achieve its goals by acting as a clearinghouse for book-related ideas , by being an intermediary between the book-trade industry and government agencies , by offering advice to publishers , and by handling all forms of public relations including distribution of reading lists and pamphlets , lectures , radio programs , newsreels , and book promotion and publication . In 1942 , the Council created a War Book Panel to choose titles officially recommended by the Council . These titles were republished by Council member publishers with a seal of approval , a large `` I '' on the front cover meaning an `` Imperative '' book . 6 `` Imperative '' books were published between 1942 and 1945 ( see War Book Panel ) . In the spring of 1943 , the Council launched the effort for which it would become best known , the Armed Services Editions . By the time the program ended in 1947 , it had printed 122,951,031 books , selling them to the government at an average cost of just over six cents a volume . The Armed Services Editions brought high-end books to a mass audience , and helped popularize the emerging paperback format . One of the most popular ASE books was A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ( 1943 ) by Betty Smith , and the ASE 's distribution of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby helped revive interest in the book . In 1944 , the Council launched Oversees Editions , Inc , a subsidiary aimed at distributing American books to civilian populations abroad , to promote a positive view of American culture . With the end of World War II , the Council on Books in Wartime ceased active operations on Jan 31 , 1946 but maintained its corporate entities to deal with the dispersal of remaining funds and the safekeeping of records . Some of those involved on the Council include : W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company , Bennett Cerf of Random House , George A. Hecht of Doubleday & Co. , and Mark Van Doren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "970d9b5c58df7827ec8653fb821bcf0b", "text": "Remaindered book Remaindered books or remainders are printed books that are no longer selling well and whose remaining unsold copies are liquidated by the publisher at greatly reduced prices . While the publisher may take a net loss on the sales of these books , they are able to recover at least some of their sunken costs on the sale and clear out space in the warehouses . Copies of remaindered books may be marked by the publisher , distributor , or bookseller to prevent them from being returned . `` Remainder marks '' have varied over the years , but today most remainders are marked with a stroke with a felt-tipped marker across the top or bottom of the book 's pages , near the spine . Only hardcovers and trade paperbacks ( paperback books , often larger than `` pocket '' paperbacks , sold `` to the trade '' or directly to sales outlets ) are typically remaindered . Mass market paperbacks ( `` pocket '' paperback books sold through a third-party distributor ) usually become stripped books rather than remaindered books . A book that might retail for $ 20 will typically be purchased by someone specializing in remainders for $ 1 and resold for approximately $ 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87374d89d72ef396a24e0b5ae7152d9a", "text": "List of Fighting Fantasy gamebooks Fighting Fantasy is a series of single-player fantasy roleplay gamebooks created by Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone . The first volume in the series was published by Puffin in 1982 , with the rights to the franchise eventually being purchased by Wizard Books in 2002 . The series distinguished itself by featuring a fantasy role-playing element , with the caption on each cover claiming each title was `` a Fighting Fantasy gamebook in which YOU are the hero ! '' The popularity of the series led to the creation of merchandise such as action figures , board games , role-playing game systems , magazines , novels and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c1edaeadd08616defc645c883b8e4ba", "text": "Book talk A booktalk in the broadest terms is what is spoken with the intent to convince someone to read a book . Booktalks are traditionally conducted in a classroom setting for students ; however , booktalks can be performed outside a school setting and with a variety of age groups as well . It is not a book review , a book report , or a book analysis . The booktalker gives the audience a glimpse of the setting , the characters , and/or the major conflict without providing the resolution or denouement . Booktalks attempt to make listeners care enough about the content of the book to want to read it . A long booktalk is usually about five to seven minutes long and a short booktalk is generally 180 seconds to 4 minutes long .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d0d2b7726f3f1f34c679f08d790117", "text": "Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows is a book containing religious texts and instructions for magical rituals found within the Neopagan religion of Wicca.Throughout the centuries many practicing witches would account their knowledge in their Book Of Shadows , however once witches were threatened by the prospect of being executed many , wisely , stopped and destroyed their BoS in order to stay safe and alive . However there are still several books that have managed to survived through history . One famous Book of Shadows was created by the pioneering Wiccan Gerald Gardner sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s , and which he utilised first in his Bricket Wood coven and then in other covens which he founded in following decades . The Book of Shadows is also used by other Wiccan traditions , such as Alexandrianism and Mohsianism , and with the rise of books teaching people how to begin following Wicca in the 1970s onward , the idea of the Book of Shadows was then further propagated amongst solitary practitioners unconnected to earlier traditions . Initially , when Wicca was still dominated by covens , `` only one copy -LSB- of the Book -RSB- existed for an entire coven , kept by the high priestess or high priest . That rule has proved unfeasible , and it is -LSB- now -RSB- commonplace for all Witches to have their own copies . '' In the various traditions that make up British Traditional Wicca , copies of the original Book composed by Gerald Gardner with the aid of his High Priestess Doreen Valiente , along with alterations and additions that have been made since then , is followed by adherents . They have tried to keep the contents of this Book a secret , although it has been published on a number of occasions by figures such as Charles Cardell , Lady Sheba , and Janet and Stewart Farrar . In other Wiccan traditions and amongst a number of solitary practitioners , alternate versions of the Book have been written that are independent of Gardner 's original . Numerous associations and traditions have since grown up around the Book of Shadows . Traditionally , `` a Witch 's book of shadows is destroyed upon death . '' The concept of the Book of Shadows has subsequently appeared in popular culture , for instance being utilised in the American television series Charmed and providing the title of films , musical albums and comics . However , in all these cases it was taken out of its original Wiccan context .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "deb282f594508b3a4464fbc0bf92cd48", "text": "Pan Book of Horror Stories The Pan Book of Horror Stories was a paperback series of short horror story anthologies published by Pan Books Ltd. . The series ran to thirty volumes , the first published in 1959 . The series was initially collected and edited by Herbert Van Thal . On Van Thal 's death Clarence Paget edited the series , from volume twenty-six until its demise with volume thirty in 1989 . The early editions of the Pan Book of Horror Stories were notable for their lurid cover art and Van Thal 's introduction of stories by new authors alongside classics of the genre . The first edition included works by Peter Fleming , Muriel Spark , Bram Stoker and C. S. Forester . Later volumes featured Ray Bradbury and Lord Dunsany among others . Basil Copper made his debut in fifth volume , with the story `` The Spider '' . The series also published work by Charles Birkin , R. Chetwynd-Hayes and Alex Hamilton . After volume nine , Van Thal placed a heavier reliance on new authors . The series grew in popularity and was the stepping stone for much new talent . In the 1970s , the increasingly violent content of the Pan Books provoked some controversy . In the early eighties a slow decline in standards was observed . Popularity rose again in the late eighties but a multitude of reprint stories from Stephen King and a severe slide in quality ended the iconic series in 1989 . The last book is now a rare collectors item , due to the small print run it received . A U.S Edition of the first Pan book was released by Gold Medal , an imprint of Fawcett Publications and books 3 - 5 were released by Berkley Medallion . While the first book was complete in its contents - the other three books gave only a small selection of its UK counterparts . There is no evidence to support PBoH # 2 ever having a US release . Screaming Terror published under the Arthur Baker imprint is a collection from the first three Pan Book of Horror Stories and is also edited by Herbert Van Thal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a43228f6c3fdf44eddec1ea3083f9c1", "text": "The Dangerous Book for Boys The Dangerous Book for Boys , by Conn and Hal Iggulden , is a guidebook published by HarperCollins , aimed at boys `` from eight to eighty . '' It covers around eighty topics , including how to build a treehouse , grow a crystal , or tell direction with a watch . Also included are famous quotes , stories , battles , and phrases that `` every boy should know . '' It was published in the UK in June 2006 , and reached number one in the UK non-fiction charts several times , selling over half a million copies . Conn Iggulden also published a novel , Wolf of the Plains , about Genghis Khan , which , along with The Dangerous Book for Boys , allowed Iggulden to be the first author to reach the number one spot in both the fiction and non-fiction charts . Within the first week of its US publication on 1 May 2007 , it reached number two on the Amazon.com best-selling book lists , being outsold only by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows . Other people who contributed to the success of the book include the editorial team at the time , which consisted of Katie Espiner and Clare Hey , and Helen Johnstone , who won the 2007 British Book Industry Award for best publicity campaign .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca9cfdd486d3e435828657567c286f32", "text": "Rage (King novel) Rage ( written as Getting It On ; the title was changed before publication ) is the first novel by Stephen King published under the pseudonym Richard Bachman . It was first published in 1977 and then was collected in 1985 in the hardcover omnibus The Bachman Books . The novel describes a school shooting , and has been associated with actual high school shooting incidents in the 1980s and 1990s . In response King allowed the novel to fall out of print , and in 2013 he published a non-fiction , anti-firearms violence essay titled `` Guns '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "740be32c7066e46232cb8aae49ee52a1", "text": "Underground (Dreyfus book) Underground : Tales of Hacking , Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier is a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus , researched by Julian Assange . It describes the exploits of a group of Australian , American , and British black hat hackers during the late 1980s and early 1990s , among them Assange himself . Craig Bowen ( nickname ) , administrator of two important Australian BBS ( Pacific Island and Zen ) Par , a.k.a. . The Parmaster , an American hacker who avoided capture by the United States Secret Service from July 1989 to November 1991 Phoenix , Electron and Nom , who were convicted in the first major Australian trial for computer crimes Pad and Gandalf , the British founders of the notorious 8lgm group the Australian Mendax ( Julian Assange ) and Prime Suspect , who managed to penetrate the DDN , NIC and the Nortel internal network , and the phreaker Trax . Together , the three were known as the `` International Subversives '' . Anthrax , another Australian hacker and phreaker The book also mentions other hackers who had contacts with the protagonists , among them Erik Bloodaxe of the Legion of Doom and Corrupt of the Masters of Deception . The first chapter of Underground relates the diffusion and reactions of the computer security community to the WANK worm that attacked DEC VMS computers over the DECnet in 1989 and was purportedly coded by a Melbourne hacker . , the book has sold 10,000 copies . The author made the electronic edition of the book freely available in 2001 , when it was announced on Slashdot , the server housing the book crashed due to the demand for the book . It reached 400,000 downloads within two years . The 2002 documentary In the Realm of the Hackers , directed by Kevin Anderson and centered on Phoenix and Electron , was inspired by this book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7422024381cc4364efc82141689a2836", "text": "The Complete Book of Dwarves The Complete Book of Dwarves is a supplemental rulebook for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game , published in 1991 by TSR , Inc. . It contains a variety of information useful to playing dwarf characters in the game , including information on strongholds , dwarven subraces , character `` kits '' , role-playing , mining , and more . The book was later reprinted in November , 1993 , with a slightly different cover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2073e4d617f1f65fe623dc144f6b0b6a", "text": "Landlocked (novel) Landlocked ( 1965 ) is the fourth novel in British Nobel Prize in Literature-winner Doris Lessing five volume , semi-autobiographical , series , Children of Violence . The first volume is Martha Quest ( 1952 ) , and the others are , A Proper Marriage ( 1954 ) , A Ripple from the Storm ( 1958 ) , and The Four-Gated City ( 1969 ) . The Children of Violence series , follows the life of protagonist Martha Quest `` from girlhood to middle age '' . This is the last of the series that is set in southern Africa : `` The time is the last few months of a war that had not only ruined Europe but had flooded a message of equality even into this backwater . Some of the white people have already sensed the imminence of change : they could never again unthinkingly hold down this corner of Africa for themselves and their heirs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66a9e774c28e90a0af99e9e11fd77831", "text": "Kashi-hon is a Japanese phrase for books and magazines that are rented out . Kashi-hon ya refers to the book rental service it was based on , also just simply called kashi-hon . Kashi-hon was introduced in Japan in the Edo period ( 1603 -- 1868 ) because books were too expensive for common people to buy , and therefore people would prefer borrowing over buying . Some `` librarians '' would travel around in order to increase their clientele and make more money . The kashi-hon market exploded after World War II all over Japan . People of both genders and all ages rented books , manga , and monthly magazines . However , when libraries were built nationwide and publishers started to print more copies of their books and magazines so they could be sold for lower prices in the mid-1950s , the number of kashi-hon decreased dramatically . In modern Japan there are only a few kashi-hon stores left , and the market is very small . Kashi-hon is called `` zu shu dian '' in Chinese . In Taiwan , it is a store that buys the books and rents them to customers to get the profit . Usually , the books in kashi-hon are comics , novels , and magazines . Besides renting books , some stores help customers to order books and also provide VCD or DVD for renting . Category : Book rental Category : Books by type", "title": "" } ]	fever
fb1c482b463967c6d694460ea637265a	The winner for the 2016 Democratic primaries was Hillary Clinton.	[ { "docid": "a5548adbbcccdfc07a3c56c95dcd9a2c", "text": "Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( -LSB- ˈhɪləri_daɪˈæn_ˈrɒdəm_ˈklɪntən -RSB- born October 26 , 1947 ) is an American politician who was the 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 , U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009 , First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 , and the Democratic Party 's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election . Born in Chicago , Illinois , and raised in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge , Clinton graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 , and earned a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1973 . After serving as a congressional legal counsel , she moved to Arkansas and married Bill Clinton in 1975 . In 1977 , she co-founded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families . She was appointed the first female chair of the Legal Services Corporation in 1978 and became the first female partner at Rose Law Firm the following year . As First Lady of Arkansas , she led a task force whose recommendations helped reform Arkansas 's public schools . As First Lady of the United States , Clinton was an advocate for gender equality and healthcare reform . Her relationship with her husband came under public speculation during the Lewinsky scandal , forcing her to issue a statement reaffirming her commitment to the marriage . Clinton was elected in 2000 as the first female senator from New York . She was re-elected to the Senate in 2006 . Running for president in 2008 , she won far more delegates than any previous female candidate , but lost the Democratic nomination to Barack Obama . As Secretary of State in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2013 , Clinton responded to the Arab Spring , during which she advocated the U.S. military intervention in Libya . She helped organize a diplomatic isolation and international sanctions regime against Iran , in an effort to force curtailment of that country 's nuclear program ; this would eventually lead to the multinational Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action agreement in 2015 . Leaving office after Obama 's first term , she wrote her fifth book and undertook speaking engagements . Clinton made a second presidential run in 2016 . She received the most votes and primary delegates in the 2016 Democratic primaries , and formally accepted her party 's nomination for President of the United States on July 28 , 2016 with vice presidential running mate Senator Tim Kaine . She became the first female candidate to be nominated for president by a major U.S. political party . Despite winning a plurality of the national popular vote , Clinton lost the Electoral College and the presidency to her Republican opponent Donald Trump . Following her loss , in 2017 she decided to focus on being a self-described `` activist citizen '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "12bba1f19d575647555c9bfc4311c9d4", "text": "United States presidential election in North Carolina, 2008 The 2008 United States presidential election in North Carolina was part of the national event on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. . In North Carolina , voters chose 15 representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . North Carolina was won by Democratic nominee Barack Obama with a 0.32 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , most news organizations considered the state as a toss-up , or swing state , but few truly believed Obama would win it . Only 1 of the 18 news/political organizations listed here correctly predicted the result , an Obama victory . Throughout the general election , the state was heavily targeted by both campaigns . It was one of six Southern states and districts ( along with Florida , Virginia , Maryland , Delaware , and the District of Columbia ) that voted for Obama in 2008 . A high turnout by African-American voters , bolstered by overwhelming support from younger voters were the major factors that helped deliver North Carolina 's 15 electoral votes to Obama , making him the first Democratic presidential nominee to carry the state in 32 years . Prior to 2008 , the last Democratic candidate to win North Carolina was Jimmy Carter in 1976 . Bill Clinton came within 20,000 votes of winning the state in 1992 . As of 2016 , this is the last time that the Democratic nominee carried North Carolina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54b7111ada1291ca6552e6a23ab61702", "text": "Missouri Democratic primary, 2008 The Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary took place on Super Tuesday , February 5 , 2008 , with 72 delegates at stake . The winner in each of Missouri 's nine congressional districts was awarded all of that district 's delegates , which totaled 47 . Another 25 delegates were awarded to the statewide winner , Barack Obama . The 72 delegates represented Missouri at the Democratic National Convention in Denver , Colorado . Sixteen other unpledged delegates , known as superdelegates , also attended the convention and cast their votes as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b53333990f2a7778bd985ada5e10b30", "text": "United States presidential election, 2016 The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 8 , 2016 . The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine . Trump took office as the 45th President , and Pence as the 48th Vice President , on January 20 , 2017 . Concurrent with the presidential election , Senate , House , and many gubernatorial and state and local elections were also held on November 8 . Voters selected members of the Electoral College in each state , in most cases by `` winner-takes-all '' plurality ; those state electors in turn voted for a new president and vice president on December 19 , 2016 . While Clinton received about million more votes nationwide , a margin of % , Trump won 30 states worth a total of 306 electors , or 57 % of the 538 available . He won the perennial swing states of Florida , North Carolina , Ohio , and Iowa , as well as Clinton 's `` blue wall '' states of Michigan , Pennsylvania and Wisconsin , which had been Democratic strongholds in presidential elections for decades . Leading up to the election , a Trump victory was considered unlikely by almost all media forecasts . In the Electoral College vote on December 19 , seven electors voted against their pledged candidates : two against Trump and five against Clinton . A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again . Ultimately , Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227 , while Colin Powell won three , and John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one . Trump is the fifth person in U.S. history to become president while losing the nationwide popular vote . He is the first president without any prior experience in public service or the military , as well as the wealthiest and the oldest at inauguration , while Clinton was the first woman to be the presidential nominee of a major party and the first woman to win the popular vote . This was the first time since the 1984 re-election of Ronald Reagan that Wisconsin voted for a Republican , and the first time since 1988 that the Republican nominee won the states of Pennsylvania and Michigan , as well as Maine 's second congressional district . It was also the first time since the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson that an electoral vote split occurred in Maine . On January 6 , 2017 , the United States government 's intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections . A joint U.S. intelligence review stated with high confidence that `` Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election . Russia 's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process , denigrate Secretary Clinton , and harm her electability and potential presidency . '' Investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the FBI , the Senate Intelligence Committee and the House Intelligence Committee . Donald Trump has criticized these conclusions by citing a lack of evidence , calling it a `` hoax '' and `` fake news , '' stating in a tweet : `` The Russia-Trump collusion story is a total hoax , when will this taxpayer funded charade end ? ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8189ba28928a8e650fca5a80ad384ea", "text": "Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012 The 2012 reelection campaign of Barack Obama , the 44th President of the United States , was formally announced on April 4 , 2011 . Along with his running mate , Vice President Joe Biden , Obama was opposed in the general election by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney , along with various minor candidates from other parties . The election took place on Tuesday , November 6 , 2012 . Obama 's campaign headquarters was in Chicago and key members of his successful campaign in 2008 , such as Jim Messina and David Axelrod , returned to staff it . On the day of the announcement , the campaign released a promotional video showing supporters of Obama organizing for the re-election effort . As The Guardian newspaper noted , this was the first U.S. presidential re-election campaign to use Facebook and Twitter for promotion . Between early-2011 and June 30 , 2012 , the Obama campaign and supporters spent approximately $ 400 million , according to the Federal Election Commission . Obama won his re-election bid by a margin of 51.06 -- 47.21 % . This was the first time since 1944 , when President Franklin D. Roosevelt won re-election , that a Democratic president had won by a majority of the electoral votes and over 51 % of the popular vote twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a1419876972f5ec4e2461e790b0840", "text": "Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2008 The Iowa Democratic Presidential Caucus occurred on January 3 , 2008 , and was the state caucuses of the Iowa Democratic Party . It was the first election for the Democrats of the 2008 presidential election . Also referred to as `` the First in the Nation Caucus , '' it was the first election of the primary season on both the Democratic and Republican sides . Of the eight major Democratic presidential candidates , then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama of Illinois received the most votes and was ultimately declared the winner of the Iowa Democratic Caucus of 2008 , making him the first African American to win the caucus . Former U.S. Senator John Edwards of North Carolina came in second place and then-U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton of New York finished third , though Clinton received more delegates than Edwards . Campaigning had begun as early as two years before the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13fa55f7ea40f7c32dc395ab2cb849df", "text": "Maryland Democratic primary, 2004 The 2004 Maryland primary took place on March 2 , 2004 as part of the 2004 United States Democratic presidential primaries . The delegate allocation is proportional ; candidates are awarded delegates in proportion to the percentage of votes received , open to registered Democrats only . Frontrunner John Kerry won the primary with former Senator John Edwards coming in a distant second .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c8b4ee285a7558a88f2f71711472452", "text": "Idaho Democratic caucuses, 2016 The 2016 Idaho Democratic caucuses took place on March 22 in the U.S. state of Idaho as one of the Democratic Party 's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election . Voters convened in each of Idaho 's 44 counties at 7 p.m. Mountain Standard Time/6 p.m Pacific Standard Time to proportionally allocate the state 's 27 delegates to the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia in July .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1abc3137d140c349d91224000f971c11", "text": "Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016 In the 2016 United States presidential election , seven members of the U.S. Electoral College voted for a different candidate than whom they were pledged to vote . The Democratic Party nominee , Hillary Clinton , lost five of her pledged electors while the Republican Party nominee and then president-elect , Donald Trump , lost two . Three of the faithless electors voted for Colin Powell while John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one vote . Three additional electors initially voted against their Clinton pledge but had their votes invalidated according to local statutes , so they were replaced or forced to vote again . The defections fell well short of the number needed to change the result of the election ; only two of the seven defected from the presumptive winner , when 37 were needed to change the outcome . Although there had been a combined total of 157 instances of individual electors voting faithlessly in over two centuries of previous US presidential elections , 2016 was a year in which multiple groups of electors worked to alter the result of the election in order to `` vote their conscience for the good of America '' in accordance with Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Paper No. 68 . 2016 was also the first year since 1960 when one of the electors actively worked to change the election . Electors were subjected to public pressure , up to and including death threats . Seven electors successfully cast faithless ballots for president , the most to defect from presidential candidates who were still alive in Electoral College history , surpassing the six electors who defected from James Madison in the 1808 election . Historically , this number of defections has been exceeded only in cases where the presidential candidate was no longer living at the time the electors cast their ballots : the seven faithless presidential votes in 2016 falls well short of the record set in 1872 , when 63 of 66 electors originally pledged to losing candidate Horace Greeley cast their votes for someone else ( Greeley had died between election day and the meeting of the Electoral College ) . The six faithless vice-presidential votes in 2016 is also short of the record for that office , without considering whether the vice-presidential candidates were still living , as multiple previous elections have had more than six faithless vice-presidential votes ; in 1836 , faithless electors successfully moved the vice-presidential decision to the U.S. Senate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62d7976006ff19cadcd0964c56f44df5", "text": "Bill Clinton presidential campaign Bill Clinton , the 42nd President of the United States , has successfully run for president twice : * Bill Clinton presidential campaign , 1992 Bill Clinton presidential campaign , 1996", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4aee832419f3f71b0081230cae8d15b6", "text": "Better for America Better for America ( BFA ) is a 501 ( c ) ( 4 ) non-profit organization that was dedicated to getting nationwide ballot access for an independent candidate for President of the United States in the 2016 election . The effort was inspired by the unpopularity of the two major party nominees , Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton , and was seen as part of the Stop Trump movement . The organization 's initial strategy was to gain ballot access in states that do not require a candidate to be named , and then name its candidate after the major party conventions . The candidate was planned to be named by an advisory board rather than through traditional primary elections , or through a crowdsourcing effort like the failed Americans Elect effort in the 2012 election . On August 8 , 2016 , it was reported that Evan McMullin , an anti-Trump Republican and former Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) official , would be Better for America 's nominee . McMullin was officially nominated on August 24 . In July , the organization filed petitions in two states , New Mexico and Arkansas . By early August , Arkansas had accepted the petition , while New Mexico had rejected the petition because it did not have enough valid signatures , although the New Mexico decision was challenged in court . On August 22 , the organization announced that it was ceasing further ballot access efforts . On September 8 , the New Mexico Secretary of State reversed his decision and placed Better For America on the ballot . Notable people involved in the organization include conservative donor John Kingston III and former New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman . Lawrence Lessig and Randy Barnett expressed their support for the organization in a Time opinion piece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6221c3913589745db6b8e824a2dac4c", "text": "Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton The sketch comedy television show Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) has for almost three decades aired a number of sketches parodying Hillary Clinton , from her time as First Lady , and during both her unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2016 . A total of nine different performers have played Hillary Clinton on SNL . The array of SNL cast members portraying Clinton has included Jan Hooks , Janeane Garofalo , Vanessa Bayer , Ana Gasteyer , Amy Poehler , and Kate McKinnon . Guest stars playing Clinton have included Drew Barrymore and Rachel Dratch . One sketch even featured Miley Cyrus in a guest appearance as Clinton , rapping : `` What 's up y' all ? I 'm like Hillary Clint , and I wan na be president one day . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0ae24913910553985ddc7ee6fc1753b", "text": "Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1984 The 1984 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1984 U.S. presidential election . Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19 , 1984 , in San Francisco , California . As of 2017 , this is the earliest Democratic primary in which all primary winners ( of at least one contest ) are still living .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b8467a9b74834e22dc038a73cd929cd", "text": "Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1980 The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14 , 1980 , in New York City . It is notable for being the last time that an incumbent president lost a state 's presidential primary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d145b6f9fcdb37505bb9ab8d80b2334", "text": "South Carolina primary The South Carolina primary has become one of several key early-state presidential primaries in the process of the Democratic and Republican Parties choosing their respective general election nominees for President of the United States . Historically , this primary election has been much more important in the Republican Party 's nomination process , considered a firewall that could permanently eliminate any/all serious rivals to the winner . It is meant to force the various factions of the party to decide quickly on and unite behind a single candidate and avoid wasting precious time and resources on a drawn-out battle between their own candidates , that would divert the party 's focus from working to defeat the Democrats ' likely nominee . Since its 1980 inception , the winner of the Republican South Carolina primary has always become the eventual Republican National Convention nominee for that fall 's general election , with one exception , the 2012 primary , in which eventual Republican nominee Mitt Romney finished second , behind winner Newt Gingrich ( who would go on to suspend his campaign before that summer 's convention began ) . South Carolina has cemented its place as the `` First in the South '' primary for both parties . For the Democrats , the 2008 primary took on added significance because it was the first nominating contest in that cycle in which a large percentage ( 55 percent , according to an exit poll ) of primary voters were African Americans . The 2012 South Carolina primary was held on January 21 for Republicans , and on January 28 for Democrats . The 2016 primary was held on February 20 for Republicans , and on February 27 for Democrats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c9c0af7dfea258c4f699aad68ee4e10", "text": "List of Hillary Clinton presidential campaign political endorsements, 2016 This is a list of notable individual politicians and political organizations who have publicly indicated support for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 United States presidential election . Public officials serving below the state level and all other individuals and entities are listed only if they have a separate stand-alone article or are otherwise clearly notable . Those who indicated their support after Hillary Clinton 's presumptive nomination on June 11 are denoted with an asterisk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9943a25ec1a09a429180de642b3d5ba0", "text": "Deputy Chair of the Democratic National Committee The Deputy Chair of the Democratic National Committee is a position within the United States Democratic Party that was created by Tom Perez in February 2017 after the 2017 DNC Chair race , won by Perez . After a close victory over Minnesota Congressman Keith Ellison , Perez appointed Ellison as Deputy Chair to lessen the divide in the Democratic Party after the contentious 2016 Democratic presidential primaries , which saw conflicts between supporters of Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders . Perez was seen as being more in line with the Clinton wing ( liberal ) , while Ellison was more in line with the Sanders wing ( progressive ) . The role has been described as largely ceremonial .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8963257c6ec1dae9bb87b152d103b85c", "text": "New Democrats New Democrats , also called Centrist Democrats , Clinton Democrats or Moderate Democrats , are a relatively `` centrist '' ideological faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory of Republican George H. W. Bush in the 1988 presidential election . Describing themselves as `` centrist '' , they are an economically conservative and `` Third Way '' faction which dominated the party for around 20 years , starting in the late 1980s after the US populace turned much further to the political right . They are represented by organizations such as the New Democrat Network and the New Democrat Coalition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "338e014d5461ab655a9d56711bd2fa25", "text": "Democrats for Nixon Democrats for Nixon was a campaign to promote Democratic support for the then-incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon in the 1972 presidential election . The campaign was led by the former Democratic governor of Texas , John Connally . Connally , who was serving as the United States Secretary of the Treasury , announced that he would be supporting Nixon for re-election and would spend his time until the elections working on behalf of the incumbent . A Democrat who had been Governor of Texas and United States Secretary of the Navy under John F. Kennedy , Connally formally announced the formation of the organization in August 1972 . Polling cited by Connally indicated that as many as 20 million Democrats would cross over to vote for Nixon and invited `` all those millions of Democrats who realize that in this Presidential election President Nixon is simply the better choice '' . Connally stated that he was troubled by Senator George McGovern 's campaign and felt that the Democratic party `` is becoming an ideological machine closed to millions who have been the party 's most loyal and steadfast members '' under McGovern 's leadership . The committee included Mayor Beverly Briley of Nashville , Tennessee , former Governor of Florida Farris Bryant , Mayor of Boston John F. Collins , Mayor Thomas G. Dunn of Elizabeth , New Jersey , Teamsters president Frank Fitzsimmons , Governor of Virginia Mills E. Godwin , Jr. , Mayor of Miami , Florida David T. Kennedy and Leonard Marks who had previously headed the United States Information Agency . A fundraising target of as much as $ 3 million was set for the organization . Connally also announced that Jeno Paulucci , a frozen food distributor who had been closely involved as a fundraiser for Hubert H. Humphrey in his presidential bids , would serve as head of a group encouraging independent voters to choose Nixon . In a September 1972 article in The New York Times , Connally was quoted as saying that increasing numbers of traditionally Democratic voters were leaving the fold because they `` are afraid of George McGovern '' because of his proposals for major cutbacks in defense spending and in the number of U.S. troops serving in Europe . Connally insisted that `` it is in the best interests of this country that the president be re-elected this year '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c847fdedfec71d0d79b2087d703b27b3", "text": "Podesta emails In March 2016 , the personal Gmail account of John Podesta , a former White House chief of staff and the chairman of Hillary Clinton 's 2016 U.S. presidential campaign , was compromised in a data breach , and a collection of his emails , many of which were work-related , were stolen . Cybersecurity researchers as well as the United States government attributed responsibility for the breach , which was accomplished via a spear-phishing attack , to the hacking group Fancy Bear , affiliated with Russian intelligence services . Some or all of the Podesta emails were subsequently obtained by WikiLeaks , which published over 20,000 pages of emails , allegedly from Podesta , in October and November 2016 . Podesta and the Clinton campaign have declined to authenticate the emails . Cybersecurity experts interviewed by PolitiFact believe the majority of emails are probably unaltered , while stating it is possible that the hackers inserted at least some doctored or fabricated emails into the collection . An investigation by U.S. intelligence agencies reported that the files obtained by WikiLeaks during the U.S. election contained no `` evident forgeries . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "515485bcc9b29b6c06246a507719123d", "text": "South Carolina Republican primary, 2016 The 2016 South Carolina Republican primary took place on February 20 in the U.S. state of South Carolina , marking the Republican Party 's third nominating contest in their series of presidential primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election . The Democratic Party held its Nevada caucuses on the same day , while their South Carolina primary would only take place a week later on February 27 . The states delegates are allocated in this way . 29 delegates are awarded to the winner of the primary . After that , 3 delegates are awarded to the winner of each of the seven congressional districts .", "title": "" } ]	fever
303b21c59735c5168e1a224fcf7e913e	Fight Club stars an American actor.	[ { "docid": "ef95db86f49aa12f774471733b6d7d04", "text": "Fight Club Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk . The film was directed by David Fincher , and stars Brad Pitt , Edward Norton and Helena Bonham Carter . Norton plays the unnamed protagonist , referred to as the narrator , who is discontented with his white-collar job . He forms a `` fight club '' with soap maker Tyler Durden , played by Pitt , and they are joined by men who also want to fight recreationally . The narrator becomes embroiled in a relationship with Durden and a dissolute woman , Marla Singer , played by Bonham Carter . Palahniuk 's novel was optioned by 20th Century Fox producer Laura Ziskin , who hired Jim Uhls to write the film adaptation . Fincher was one of four directors the producers considered , and was selected because of his enthusiasm for the film . Fincher developed the script with Uhls and sought screenwriting advice from the cast and others in the film industry . The director and the cast compared the film to Rebel Without a Cause ( 1955 ) and The Graduate ( 1967 ) . They said its theme was the conflict between a generation of young people and the value system of advertising . The director copied the homoerotic overtones from Palahniuk 's novel to make audiences uncomfortable and keep them from anticipating the twist ending . Studio executives did not like the film and restructured Fincher 's intended marketing campaign to try to reduce anticipated losses . Fight Club failed to meet the studio 's expectations at the box office and initially received polarizing reactions from critics , becoming one of the most controversial and talked-about films of the year . Critics praised the acting , directing , themes and messages but debated the explicit violence and moral ambiguity . Over time , however , reception towards the film has become largely positive with critics and audiences , finding critical and commercial success with its DVD release , which established Fight Club as a cult film . It is now regarded by many as one of the greatest films of the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8792ff380565965e4eeee4c6e5f9271", "text": "Edward Norton Edward Harrison Norton ( born August 18 , 1969 ) is an American actor , filmmaker and activist . He has been nominated for three Academy Awards for his work in the films Primal Fear ( 1996 ) , American History X ( 1998 ) and Birdman ( 2014 ) . He also starred in other roles , such as Everyone Says I Love You ( 1996 ) , The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) , Fight Club ( 1999 ) , Red Dragon ( 2002 ) , 25th Hour ( 2002 ) , Kingdom of Heaven ( 2005 ) , The Illusionist ( 2006 ) , Moonrise Kingdom ( 2012 ) , The Grand Budapest Hotel ( 2014 ) and Sausage Party ( 2016 ) . He has also directed and co-written films , including his directorial debut , Keeping the Faith ( 2000 ) . He has done uncredited work on the scripts for The Score ( 2001 ) , Frida ( 2002 ) , and The Incredible Hulk ( 2008 ) . Alongside his work in cinema , Norton is an environmental and social activist , and is a member of the board of trustees of Enterprise Community Partners , a non-profit organization for developing affordable housing founded by his grandfather James Rouse . Norton is president of the American branch of the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust . He ran in the 2009 New York City Marathon to raise money for the Trust . He also raises money for charity through Crowdrise , a social networking community for volunteers and a micro-donations fundraising platform . In July 2010 , Norton was designated as the United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon . On July 2 , 2014 , Norton was elected chairman of the board of trustees to Signature Theatre , a not-for-profit theater company in New York . Norton has been on Signature 's board since 1996 and served as the co-chair of the Capital Campaign during the building of the Pershing Square Signature Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93865540711ce661e8fd7fb8196f4270", "text": "Brad Pitt William Bradley Pitt ( born December 18 , 1963 ) is an American actor and producer . He has received multiple awards and nominations including an Academy Award as producer under his own company Plan B Entertainment . Pitt first gained recognition as a cowboy hitchhiker in the road movie Thelma & Louise ( 1991 ) . His first leading roles in big-budget productions came with the dramas A River Runs Through It ( 1992 ) and Legends of the Fall ( 1994 ) , and Interview with the Vampire ( 1994 ) . He gave critically acclaimed performances in the crime thriller Seven and the science fiction film 12 Monkeys ( both 1995 ) , the latter earning him a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and an Academy Award nomination . Pitt starred in the cult film Fight Club ( 1999 ) and the heist film Ocean 's Eleven ( 2001 ) and its sequels , Ocean 's Twelve ( 2004 ) and Ocean 's Thirteen ( 2007 ) . His greatest commercial successes have been Troy ( 2004 ) , Mr. & Mrs. Smith ( 2005 ) , and World War Z ( 2013 ) . Pitt received his second and third Academy Award nominations for his leading performances in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button ( 2008 ) and Moneyball ( 2011 ) . He produced The Departed ( 2006 ) and 12 Years a Slave ( 2013 ) , both of which won the Academy Award for Best Picture , and also The Tree of Life , Moneyball , and The Big Short ( 2015 ) , all of which garnered Best Picture nominations . As a public figure , Pitt has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry , as well as the world 's most attractive man , by various media outlets . His personal life is also the subject of wide publicity . Divorced from actress Jennifer Aniston , to whom he was married for five years , he has been married to actress Angelina Jolie since 2014 . They have six children together , three of whom were adopted internationally . In September 2016 , Jolie filed for divorce from Pitt .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6707712f499d3bbdf242bdf0622c494f", "text": "Jesse Borrego Jesse Borrego ( born August 1 , 1962 in San Antonio ) is an American actor . He is best known for his roles as Cruz Candelaria in Blood In Blood Out , Jesse V. Valesquez in Fame , Gael Ortega in 24 , and as George King in Dexter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b6e5cab2771353ca1929c6e8d1c0fd3", "text": "Jay Pickett Jay Pickett ( born February 10 , 1961 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e19a3280e1ab1b5b770f6c6855c63ce2", "text": "Walter Cartier Walter Cartier ( March 29 , 1922 -- August 17 , 1995 ) was a professional boxer turned actor , originally from the Bronx in New York City , New York . He became a professional boxer after World War II . Film director Stanley Kubrick 's first film , Day of the Fight ( 1951 ) , featured Cartier and his twin brother , Vincent . After this , Walter Cartier tried his hand at acting in other films such as Somebody Up There Likes Me ( 1956 ) and television . Today , he is best known for his role in the classic United States sitcom The Phil Silvers Show , appearing as the mild-mannered Private Claude Dillingham . One memorable episode was written around Cartier and his boxing skills . His ancestry was Irish , his grandfather having changed the family name from McCarthy , initially to Carter , and later to Cartier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "592511220b489c341b9593d9f6547c41", "text": "John Amos John A. Amos , Jr. ( born December 27 , 1939 ) is an American actor who is best known for his role as James Evans , Sr. on the CBS television series Good Times ( 1974 -- 76 ) . Amos ' other television work includes roles in The Mary Tyler Moore Show , the miniseries Roots , for which he received an Emmy nomination , and a recurring role as Admiral Percy Fitzwallace on The West Wing . Amos also played the father of Will Smith 's character 's girlfriend , Lisa Wilkes , in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , and he had a recurring role on In the House with LL Cool J , as Coach Sam Wilson . Amos played the Father of Tommy Strawn ( Thomas Mikal Ford ) on the long running sitcom , Martin , as Sgt. Strawn , and another recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Chelsea 's dad 's new lover . Amos also played Major Grant , the US Special forces officer in Die Hard 2 . Amos has also appeared on Broadway and in numerous films in a career that spans four decades . He has received nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and NAACP Image Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c00e3902752c111092a08d41658014a", "text": "Gower Champion Gower Carlyle Champion ( June 22 , 1919 -- August 25 , 1980 ) was an American actor , theatre director , choreographer , and dancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb3129722d2ef970b57ab90a1e7c11ab", "text": "Fight for Your Life Fight for Your Life is a 1977 American grindhouse action film directed by Robert A. Endelson and starring William Sanderson and Robert Judd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac8b4880e2b983d1f2bb338dc8323b18", "text": "Sam Hoger Samuel Earl Hoger ( -LSB- ˈhoʊɡər -RSB- born June 28 , 1980 ) is an American mixed martial artist and an actor , most notable for appearing on the first season of The Ultimate Fighter , a reality television series produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship and broadcast on Spike TV Hoger has trained with Miletich Fighting Systems in Bettendorf , Iowa and is belted in the Miletich Fighting Systems . Hoger is currently teaching and training out of Hoger Mixed Martial Arts in Houston , TX .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27073b4433bb5f0e3d208f95495d263", "text": "Sam Rockwell Samuel Rockwell ( born November 5 , 1968 ) is an American actor known for independent and mainstream films . He is known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs ( 1997 ) , Confessions of a Dangerous Mind ( 2002 ) , Matchstick Men ( 2003 ) , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , Choke ( 2008 ) , Moon ( 2009 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , and Mr. Right ( 2015 ) , as well as for his supporting roles in The Green Mile ( 1999 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , The Assassination of Jesse James ( 2007 ) , Frost/Nixon ( 2008 ) , Conviction ( 2010 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) , and Poltergeist ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d698ed9bc14db99bc46568a252539259", "text": "Will Smith Willard Carroll Smith Jr. ( born September 15 , 1968 ) is an American actor , producer , rapper , and songwriter . In April 2007 , Newsweek called him `` the most powerful actor in Hollywood '' . Smith has been nominated for five Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards , and has won four Grammy Awards . In the late 1980s , Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince . In 1990 , his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular NBC television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , which ran for six seasons until 1996 . After the series ended , Smith transitioned from television to film , and has gone on to star in numerous blockbuster films . He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $ 100 million in the domestic box office , eleven consecutive films gross over $ 150 million internationally , and eight consecutive films in which he starred open at the number one spot in the domestic box office tally . Smith has been ranked as the most bankable star worldwide by Forbes . As of 2014 , 17 of the 21 films in which he has had leading roles have accumulated worldwide gross earnings of over $ 100 million each , five taking in over $ 500 million each in global box office receipts . As of 2016 , his films have grossed $ 7.5 billion at the global box office . For his performances as boxer Muhammad Ali in Ali ( 2001 ) and stockbroker Chris Gardner in The Pursuit of Happyness ( 2006 ) , Smith received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e281237a1da91775b3ccfad50e78ab4", "text": "Arthur Anderson (actor) Arthur John Miles Anderson ( August 29 , 1922 -- April 9 , 2016 ) was an American actor of radio , film , television , and stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb4eea846a696a6c2abe4f24492f0ef9", "text": "Arena (2011 film) Arena is a 2011 independent action film starring Kellan Lutz , Samuel L. Jackson , Derek Mears , and Daniel Dae Kim . The film revolves around an illegal web show pitting fighters against each other in a gladitorial combat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304aeb0dc7230afae9a80213e5f640e0", "text": "Club fighter A club fighter ( or clubfighter ) is a professional boxer who usually fights locally and has a mediocre record . Club fighters generally are not nationally recognized and have not won any fights that show the ability to win a championship . The term is often used as a pejorative for over-hyped fighters or for older boxers when they begin to decline . For example , Floyd Mayweather Jr. called Arturo Gatti `` a blown-up club fighter '' , even though Gatti was the WBC super lightweight champion at the time . A club fighter is less respected than a contender , who defeats journeymen and club fighters in order to establish himself as a challenger for a world title . A journeyman is slightly more respected than a club fighter -- often by way of having a superficially good record . Category : Boxing terminology Category : Pejorative terms for people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01925204c64cd687fd017f88090e0e15", "text": "Clubber Lang James `` Clubber '' Lang is a fictional character created by Sylvester Stallone for the film Rocky III , which was released in 1982 . Lang serves as the main antagonist of the film and was portrayed by Mr. T. Lang is a professional boxer fighting out of Chicago , Illinois and a one-time world heavyweight champion , having taken the title from Rocky Balboa only to lose it back to Balboa in his next fight . The character is very loosely based on a combination of Sonny Liston , Larry Holmes and George Foreman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5067aaab83726ee338b3c669acd0431", "text": "Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie ( born September 23 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He has been featured in feature films , television series , and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays , including Ma Rainey 's Black Bottom , Drowning Crow , McReele , A Soldier 's Play , and Carl Hancock Rux 's Talk , for which he won an Obie Award in 2002 . In 2002 , he was featured in Eminem 's debut film , 8 Mile . He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother . His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker . In 2014 , he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Sam Wilson / Falcon , making his first appearance in Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and reprising the role in Avengers : Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , and Captain America : Civil War . In May 2016 , he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way as Martin Luther King Jr. , opposite Bryan Cranston , who was reprising his Tony Award-winning performance as President Lyndon B. Johnson in the play of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ae6710e7f7055bccf27b97b83d61d74", "text": "Todd Williams (actor) Todd Williams III ( born September 11 , 1977 ) is an American actor best known for his role as Officer Isaac Joiner on the crime drama television series The Chicago Code .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fc2b2874ad05f390116f6fe827a193d", "text": "Kurt McKinney Kurt Robin McKinney ( born February 15 , 1962 in Louisville , Kentucky ) is an American actor . McKinney is perhaps best known for his role as Jason Stillwell in 1986 martial arts film No Retreat , No Surrender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a0f785dc9d060e4c07901ead9ff42ae", "text": "Lee Wallace (actor) Lee Wallace ( born July 15 , 1930 ) is an American actor of film , stage , and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46238bf3251bcb308da9b49dbc9bdde3", "text": "Peter Ford (actor) Peter Ford ( born February 5 , 1945 ) is a retired American actor , singer and former President and Co-Founder of Blackoak Development Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018cc4d9fa416b829115f54ee978d8f4", "text": "James Remar William James Remar ( born December 31 , 1953 ) , is an American actor and voice actor . He played Richard , the on-off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall 's character in Sex and the City , Ajax in The Warriors ( 1979 ) , homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs . ( 1982 ) , gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club ( 1984 ) , Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat : Annihilation ( 1997 ) , Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries , Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street ( 1994 ) , and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter . Since 2009 , he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars .", "title": "" } ]	fever
61dfbe11717d50255698ed3234467a96	Nelson Mandela was a philanthropist.	[ { "docid": "e1b55e34ba121110f8e6090fc966a7c6", "text": "Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ( -LSB- mænˈdɛlə -RSB- 18 July 1918 -- 5 December 2013 ) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary , politician , and philanthropist , who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 . He was the country 's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election . His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation . Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist , he served as President of the African National Congress ( ANC ) party from 1991 to 1997 . A Xhosa , Mandela was born in Mvezo to the Thembu royal family . He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of the Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg . There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics , joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944 . After the National Party 's white-only government established apartheid -- a system of racial segregation that privileged whites -- he and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow . Mandela was appointed President of the ANC 's Transvaal branch , rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People . He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial . Influenced by Marxism , he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party ( SACP ) . Although initially committed to non-violent protest , in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government . In 1962 , he was arrested for conspiring to overthrow the state and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial . Mandela served 27 years in prison , initially on Robben Island , and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison . Amid growing domestic and international pressure , and with fears of a racial civil war , President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990 . Mandela and de Klerk negotiated an end to apartheid and organised the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became President . Leading a broad coalition government which promulgated a new constitution , Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country 's racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses . Economically , Mandela 's administration retained its predecessor 's liberal framework despite his own socialist beliefs , also introducing measures to encourage land reform , combat poverty , and expand healthcare services . Internationally , he acted as mediator in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial and served as Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999 . He declined a second presidential term and in 1999 was succeeded by his deputy , Thabo Mbeki . Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the charitable Nelson Mandela Foundation . Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life . Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist and those on the radical left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid 's supporters , he gained international acclaim for his activism . Widely regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice , he received more than 250 honours -- including the Nobel Peace Prize -- and became the subject of a cult of personality . He is held in deep respect within South Africa , where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name , Madiba , and described as the `` Father of the Nation '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6b3822578faa7f87c934a45c6386294a", "text": "Tebogo Ditshego Tebogo Ditshego is the chief executive officer ( CEO ) of South African public relations agency Ditshego Media . Forbes Magazine included him in their list of the top 30 African entrepreneurs under 30 in 2014 . In 2012 he founded an on-line book club called ReadaBookSA , which has grown to become the biggest on-line book club in Africa . In 2016 , Tebogo Ditshego published his first African fiction book `` Kasi Nerd '' which went on to be a bestseller . In June , 2014 Tebogo Ditshego participated in the Mandela Fellowship for Young African leaders in the US , a programme launched by US President Barack Obama . The Mail & Guardian newspaper listed Tebogo Ditshego as one of the top 200 youth in South Africa for the work he has done in spreading a culture of reading books . He worked on the communications campaign for the `` Mandela '' banknotes for the South African Reserve Bank . In 2006 and 2007 he was selected twice consecutively to serve in the Student Representative Council at the University of Johannesburg . Tebogo Ditshego represented the University of Johannesburg twice consecutively to present his research papers at the Southern African Association of Communications Conference . The Sowetan listed Tebogo Ditshego as one of the top 12 sexiest men in South Africa for 2014 because of his role in making it cool to be intelligent and coining the term intellectual swag . He is currently a judge in season 4 of SABC 1 programme , One Day Leader . He holds an Honours degree in Communications from the University of Johannesburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "072878d89b7d4275eb92dd74e04122f8", "text": "Youth philanthropy Youth philanthropy is the donation of time , energy or resources , including money , by children and youth towards philanthropic causes . According to one study , `` youth philanthropy is , at the broadest level , youth giving of their time , talents and treasure . '' It is seen as an effective means in which youth develop knowledge of and participate in philanthropic projects such as volunteering , grant writing , and community service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc08f42bace3d5144c8b7e947d9a4e95", "text": "Twelve Disciples of Nelson Mandela Twelve Disciples of Nelson Mandela is a 2005 documentary film about a generation of men , considered terrorists by the U.S. government , who left South Africa to form the African National Congress and spread their message across the world . Filmmaker Thomas Allen Harris focuses on his stepfather Benjamin Pule Leinaeng , who was among the first ANC members to leave South Africa in 1960 . Twelve Disciples of Nelson Mandela was met with critical acclaim , winning an Independent Spirit Award nomination for its Stranger Than Fiction category and was aired on PBS as part of its Point of View series in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f1c4030cf6a1af96f413231dc88cad2", "text": "Slum Dwellers International Slum Dwellers International ( SDI ) or Shack Dwellers International as it is known in the African continent , is a global social movement of the urban poor started in 1996 . SDI 's President , Jockin Arputham , is quoted as saying : '' Global solidarity of the urban poor has been a long-term dream for many of us in the SDI network . This dream began to take shape in the early 1990s when shack dwellers from South Africa 's informal settlements began to visit pavement dwellers living on the streets of Mumbai . Since those days the network has grown steadily in numbers , in influence and in its impact on the everyday lives of millions of urban poor families . Practical , face-to-face learning remains the main driving force of the SDI network that now stretches from Asia , through Africa to Latin America and the Caribbean . With its women-centred savings collectives at the heart of its practice in 34 countries SDI is forging a new system of community organizing that runs in an unbroken thread from the household to the settlement , from the settlement to the city , from the city to the country and from the country to the global stage . '' SDI affiliates range from groups of a few hundred ( at present ) in Togo to more than two million in India . Some are decades old , others have been in existence for less than a year . SDI has a presence in the following countries ; India , Kenya ( see `` Camp of Fire '' project ) , Namibia , Nepal , South Africa , Sri Lanka , Swaziland , Thailand , Zimbabwe , Uganda , Malawi , Lesotho , Tanzania , Zambia , Argentina , Brazil Bolivia , Angola , Togo , Sierra Leone , Burkina Faso , and Ghana . The headquarters and secretariat are located in Cape Town , South Africa , and from here the organization spreads its mandate . The Secretariat is located at the point of intersection between informal and the formal , between community organizations on the one hand and professionals , Government officials , developers , bankers , donors and academics on the other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5ab3cd1b224c0eb4a73e1024bda5577", "text": "Philanthropist (disambiguation) A philanthropist is a person who makes an active effort to promote human welfare ; a person who practices philanthropy . Philanthropist may also refer to : The Philanthropist , academic journal The Philanthropist ( play ) by Christopher Hampton ( 1971 ) The Philanthropist ( Cincinnati , Ohio ) abolitionist newspaper The Philanthropist ( TV series ) , television series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3318ea87fb476843659427bb4e3a194b", "text": "Seeds for Africa Seeds for Africa is a British charity that has set up over 800 garden projects across 25 African countries , where it encourages sustainable vegetable gardening by providing indigenous vegetable seeds , agricultural equipment and technical expertise . Seeds for Africa is based at the University of Kent , Canterbury , and its patron is Alan Titchmarsh . Its founders were two workers of the University of Kent 's Rutherford College , Albert Bullock and Ron Taylor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d665baed8c4de870632a2fdf612712aa", "text": "List of schools in Nelson, New Zealand Nelson is a city and unitary authority in the South Island of New Zealand . It contains several city schools . In New Zealand schools , students begin formal education in Year 1 at the age of five . Year 13 is the final year of secondary education . State schools are those fully funded by the government and at which no fees for tuition of domestic students ( i.e. New Zealand citizens and permanent residents , and Australian citizens ) can be charged , although a donation is commonly requested . A state integrated school is a former private school with a special character based on a religious or philosophical belief that has been integrated into the state system . State integrated schools charge `` attendance dues '' to cover the building and maintenance of school buildings , which are not owned by the government , but otherwise they like state schools can not charge fees for tuition of domestic students but may request a donation . Private schools charge fees to its students for tuition , as do state and state integrated schools for tuition of international students . The socioeconomic decile indicates the socioeconomic status of the school 's catchment area . A decile of 1 indicates the school draws from a poor area ; a decile of 10 indicates the school draws from a well-off area . The decile ratings used here come from the Ministry of Education Te Kete Ipurangi website and from the decile change spreadsheet listed in the references . The deciles of all schools were last revised using information from the 2006 Census , and may occasionally change for some schools between Censuses as schools open , close and merge . The roll of each school changes frequently as students start school for the first time , move between schools , and graduate . The rolls given here are those provided by the Ministry of Education are based on figures from The Ministry of Education institution number links to the Te Kete Ipurangi page for each school .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "724bb6e7c6bc03dc0d0bab65c731f55f", "text": "Jacob Zuma Foundation The Jacob Zuma Foundation is a Foundation founded by South African President Jacob Zuma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f166869e1f332b7c2ba082cd2179a78a", "text": "Burger's Daughter Burger 's Daughter is a political and historical novel by the South African Nobel Prize in Literature-winner Nadine Gordimer , first published in the United Kingdom in June 1979 by Jonathan Cape . The book was expected to be banned in South Africa , and a month after publication in London the import and sale of the book in South Africa was prohibited by the Publications Control Board . Three months later , the Publications Appeal Board overturned the banning and the restrictions were lifted . Burger 's Daughter details a group of white anti-apartheid activists in South Africa seeking to overthrow the South African government . It is set in the mid-1970s , and follows the life of Rosa , the title character , as she comes to terms with her father Lionel Burger 's legacy as an activist in the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) . The perspective shifts between Rosa 's internal monologue ( often directed towards her father or her lover Conrad ) , and the omniscient narrator . The novel is rooted in the history of the anti-apartheid struggle and references to actual events and people from that period , including Nelson Mandela and the 1976 Soweto uprising . Gordimer herself was involved in South African struggle politics , and she knew many of the activists , including Bram Fischer , Mandela 's treason trial defence lawyer . She modelled the Burger family in the novel loosely on Fischer 's family , and described Burger 's Daughter as `` a coded homage '' to Fischer . While banned in South Africa , a copy of the book was smuggled into Mandela 's prison cell on Robben Island , and he reported that he `` thought well of it '' . The novel was generally well-received by critics . A reviewer for The New York Times said that Burger 's Daughter is Gordimer 's `` most political and most moving novel '' , and a review in The New York Review of Books described the style of writing as `` elegant '' , `` fastidious '' and belonging to a `` cultivated upper class '' . A critic in The Hudson Review had mixed feelings about the book , saying that it `` gives scarcely any pleasure in the reading but which one is pleased to have read nonetheless '' . Burger 's Daughter won the Central News Agency Literary Award in 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52c040096b9091c1d67b37fb39b58d30", "text": "New World Foundation The New World Foundation is a liberal foundation , based in New York . It supports organizations that work on behalf of civil rights and that seek to encourage participation of citizens in American democracy . It was founded in 1954 by Anita McCormick Blaine , a prominent member of the McCormick family and an heiress to industrialist Cyrus Hall McCormick and a supporter of Henry Wallace 's 1948 presidential campaign . Its initial funding of about $ 20 million was noted for progress towards education , ethics , peace , and public health . In its mission statement , the New World Foundation stated as of 2009 : We see the strengths of progressive ideals and committed activists , who every day are inventing democracy and extending its boundaries . But we also know the strength of reaction , inaction , and injustice in blocking democracy 's advance . Our work and our tradition is to tip the balance , to add resources to the side of justice , to widen the channels for participation , and to ensure that another generation will see by example how they can make a difference . During the early 1960s , the New World Foundation 's goal was to aid education and promote better intergroup and international relations . During the early 1970s , the Foundation supported various civil rights and community projects . Hillary Clinton , whom Marian Wright Edelman had mentored , was on the board from 1982 to 1988 , and was its chair for some of that time , including 1987 . During that time , the Foundation gave money to a variety of organizations active in civil rights and other New Left causes , including the Christic Institute , Grassroots International , Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador ( CISPES ) , FAIR , and the National Lawyers Guild . By the early 1990s , the foundation was giving money to a Silicon Valley group fighting consequences of computer industry toxins , all the while undergoing criticism for being invested in the likes of Louisiana Pacific , Nike , and Philip Morris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "addb2f6feb40a40685022fc7b177ccff", "text": "Statue of Nelson Mandela, Union Buildings The statue of Nelson Mandela in the Union Buildings grounds , Pretoria , is a bronze sculpture of former President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela . The statue was unveiled on the Day of Reconciliation ( 16 December 2013 ) , bringing the official mourning period of ten days to a close , after Mandela had died on 5 December .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8543031077a99ec3dc5c446713bb948c", "text": "Mandela's nudibranch Mandela 's nudibranch , Mandelia mirocornata , is a species of sea slug , a dorid nudibranch . It is a marine gastropod mollusc , the only member of the genus Mandelia and the family Mandeliidae . The genus and family name honor Nelson Mandela , the former President of South Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a1d95e2e76fd68207d0e1e408801003", "text": "Spencer Foundation The Spencer Foundation was established in 1962 by Lyle M. Spencer . The foundation makes grants to support research for areas of education , widely construed . The Founder Lyle M. Spencer was the founder of The Spencer Foundation . Spencer grew up in Appleton , Wisconsin and attended college in the Pacific Northwest . He received both an undergraduate degree and master 's degree in sociology from the University of Washington in Seattle . Lyle Spencer 's father served as president at said university from 1927-1933 . Spencer continued graduate work in sociology at the University of Chicago . While serving as CEO at SRA , Spencer was also participated on the trustees board of three universities , he was a director of what is now the United Negro College Fund , and actively sat on the committees for education at Harvard University and the University of Chicago . During his graduate studies in 1938 at the University of Chicago he first founded Science Research Associates ( SRA ) , an educational publishing firm . From SRA he obtained the wealth that made all possible to create the Spencer Foundation . SRA nearly went bankrupt in the first year and Spencer gave up this idea , essentially creating a commercial firm in 1939 . IBM purchased SRA in 1964 ; meanwhile Spencer maintained the position of the firm 's chief executive officer up until 1968 . Spencer came to realize the potential for his large fortune could affect educational research around the world after IBM bought it . Spencer left passion-filled notes on a vision for the Spencer Foundation . He expressed his concern for individual people and the individual learning process and his desire to support and fund educational projects . His essential wish was to improve educational opportunities While serving as CEO at SRA , Spencer was also participated on the trustees board of three universities , he was a director of what is now the United Negro College Fund , and actively sat on the committees for education at Harvard University and the University of Chicago . Lyle M. Spencer died of pancreatic cancer on August 21 , 1968 and was buried in Appleton , Wisconsin . History Upon Spencer 's death , the foundation received a large endowment in 1968 . The foundation began making formal grants in 1971 . The foundation has since made grants totaling to $ 250 million . Intentions and Purposes With Lyle Spencer 's directions , the Foundation works to investigate in ways in which education can be improved around the world . There is a great dedication to research , as it is necessary for the improvement in education . The Spencer Foundation supports the research programs in high quality investigation of education . By awarding research grants and fellowships the Foundation pursues its mission . The foundation strengthens the connections in education research , policy and practice through communications and networking . National Academy of Education/Spencer Foundation Dissertation Fellowship Program The foundation awards a series of prestigious fellowships to doctoral students completing dissertation research in any area of education research . Each fellowship is for $ 25,000 and supports individuals in their final year of their doctoral training . The average number of fellowships awarded is 25 out of 600 applicants . Selection is determined by members of the National Academy of Education and by highly respected senior education research scholars . It provides a number of networking and professional development opportunities and informally is seen as an indicator of who are some of the most promising researchers in education . National Academy of Education/Spencer Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship Program The foundation also awards a series of prestigious fellowships to early career education researchers , typically pre-tenured professors at research intensive institutions . Each fellowship is for a total of $ 55,000 and is for one or two years depending on the preference of the recipient . The fellowship relieves the researcher from a year 's worth of teaching responsibilities in order to pursue an innovative and important education research project . The average number of fellowships awarded is 20 out of 200 applicants each year . Selection is determined by a committee of members of the National Academy of Education . Only scholars who have graduated from their doctorates within the previous five years may apply . Recipients of the fellowship also are recognized as the most promising young scholars in education research , and this is widely considered to be one of the top distinctions available to an early career researcher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c8ae7a621b9d4fcec1e80f75b841c6c", "text": "Robert Mayer (philanthropist) Sir Robert Mayer ( 5 June 1879 -- 9 January 1985 ) was a German-born philanthropist , businessman , and a major supporter of music and young musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05dcecf50cd023e7a4f74f9966e377ec", "text": "Nelson Mandela: An International Tribute for a Free South Africa Nelson Mandela : An International Tribute for a Free South Africa was a music concert that took place on 16 April 1990 at Wembley Stadium , Wembley Park , London , United Kingdom ( UK ) and was broadcast to more than 60 countries . It was held two months after the release of Nelson Mandela from a South African apartheid prison and was regarded by Mandela as an official international reception .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a664ec0fc1f5d55829e8ff960ad996b8", "text": "Starfish Greathearts Foundation Starfish Greathearts Foundation is an international non-governmental organisation formed in response to the tragedy of children orphaned or left vulnerable by the HIV/AIDS pandemic in South Africa . Its mission is to help make a difference to the lives of these children through community-based organisations working at grassroots level . This enables individual communities to develop their own solutions to the challenges they face . As of January 2009 , Starfish projects reach more than 36,000 children in 120 communities across South Africa . Starfish Greathearts Foundation is registered as a charity ( 1093862 ) and company ( 4528018 ) in the United Kingdom . Starfish Greathearts Foundation UK delivers development programmes through Starfish Greathearts Foundation South Africa , which is a non-profit organisation ( 039-447-NPO ) , Section 21 Company ( 2003/002865/08 ) and Public Benefit Organisation ( 930008639 ) in South Africa . Starfish launched Starfish Greathearts Foundation USA as a full-time office in New York in 2007 and also has a volunteer division in Canada . Starfish Greathearts Foundation UK is a member of the UK Consortium on AIDS and International Development as well as the Fundraising Standards Board , a self-regulatory scheme to ensure best practice in fundraising .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16b193776b2057e935a09a849c14d55", "text": "Peabody Education Fund Founded of necessity due to damage caused largely by the American Civil War , the Peabody Education Fund was established by George Peabody in 1867 for the purpose of promoting `` intellectual , moral , and industrial education in the most destitute portion of the Southern States . '' The gift of foundation consisted of securities to the value of $ 2,100,000 , of which $ 1,100,000 were in Mississippi State bonds , afterward repudiated . In 1869 an additional $ 1,000,000 was given by Mr. Peabody , with $ 384,000 of Florida funds , also repudiated later . The main purpose of the fund was to aid elementary education by strengthening existing schools . Because it was restricted from founding new schools , it did not benefit freedmen in the South , as there were no established schools for blacks . `` The fund introduced a new type of benefaction in that it was left without restriction in the hands of the trustees to administer . Power to close the trust after thirty years was provided on condition that two-thirds of the fund be distributed to educational institutions in the Southern states . '' The rules of the Peabody Education Fund were strict , allowing for the distribution of about $ 80,000 per year over a period of thirty years . By the time of the termination of the fund in 1898 , about $ 2,500,000 had been distributed . In 1875 , the trustees of the Peabody Education Fund founded the Peabody Normal School of the South which promptly became the Peabody Normal College ( 1875-1911 ) . It was maintained in connection with the University of Nashville and supported by annual donations from the Peabody Education Fund . In 1910 the Peabody College for Teachers was organized . Placed adjacent to Vanderbilt University , the college opened its doors on June 14 , 1914 for summer school . In September 1915 , four new buildings had been completed at a cost of $ 750,000 . About 1915 , the Peabody Education Fund ceased to exist . The Southern Education Foundation , a not-for-profit foundation , was created in 1937 from the Peabody Education Fund and three funds intended to support education for blacks : the John F. Slater Fund , the Negro Rural School Fund , and the Virginia Randolph Fund .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec89b0774e38da7af4d94c130fbb19a8", "text": "Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital is a large Provincial government funded hospital situated in central Mthatha in South Africa . It is a tertiary teaching hospital and forms part of the Mthatha Hospital Complex . The hospital departments include Emergency department , Paediatric ward , Maternity ward , Obstetrics/Gynecology , Out Patients Department , Surgical Services , Medical Services , Operating Theatre & CSSD Services , Pharmacy , Anti-Retroviral ( ARV ) treatment for HIV/AIDS , Post Trauma Counseling Services , Ophthalmology Out-patients Clinic , Occupational Services , X-Ray Services , Physiotherapy , NHLS Laboratory , Oral Health Care Provides , Laundry Services , Kitchen Services and Mortuary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4e9c82fc628bbac69f6560596fee99e", "text": "Federal grants in the United States In the United States , federal grants are economic aid issued by the United States government out of the general federal revenue . A federal grant is an award of financial assistance from a federal agency to a recipient to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by a law of the United States . Grants are federal assistance to individuals , benefits or entitlements . A grant is not used to acquire property or services for the federal government 's direct benefit . Grants may also be issued by private non-profit organizations such as foundations , not-for-profit corporations or charitable trusts which are all collectively referred to as charities . Outside the United States grants , subventions or subsidies are used to in similar fashion by government or private charities to subsidize programs and projects that fit within the funding criteria of the grant-giving entity or donor . Grants can be unrestricted , to be used by the recipient in any fashion within the perimeter of the recipient organization 's activities or they may be restricted to a specific purpose by the benefactor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04baf6ac456616b7261f20916c2e937a", "text": "Nelson Mandela: A Biography (1999) Nelson Mandela : A Biography is a biography written by Martin Meredith on Nelson Mandela . The book details Mandela 's early life and major influences on him , his moving to Johannesburg , joining the African National Congress , his imprisonment on Robben Island , and eventually , his Presidency . Also chronicled are the rise and fall of apartheid , the scandals involving Winnie Mandela ( Nelson 's wife ) , and Thabo Mbeki 's term as President . Martina Meredith is known for authoring many books and articles on Africa and the key people within it .", "title": "" } ]	fever
33aa420129ff9b7799114a9a573fc6e0	Dubai contains the world's tallest building, the Burj Khalifa.	[ { "docid": "e9ac52a5c0475198bf02f1c54931f19a", "text": "Dubai Dubai ( -LSB- duːˈbaɪ -RSB- ; دبي , Gulf pronunciation : -LSB- dʊˈbɑj -RSB- ) is the largest and most populous city in the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) . It is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is the capital of the Emirate of Dubai , one of the seven emirates that make up the country . Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country 's legislature . The city of Dubai is located on the emirate 's northern coastline and heads the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area . Dubai will host World Expo 2020 . Dubai emerged as a global city and business hub of the Middle East . It is also a major transport hub for passengers and cargo . By the 1960s , Dubai 's economy was based on revenues from trade and , to a smaller extent , oil exploration concessions , but oil was not discovered until 1966 . Oil revenue first started to flow in 1969 . Dubai 's oil revenue helped accelerate the early development of the city , but its reserves are limited and production levels are low : today , less than 5 % of the emirate 's revenue comes from oil . The emirate 's Western-style model of business drives its economy with the main revenues now coming from tourism , aviation , real estate , and financial services . Dubai was recently named the best destination for Muslim travellers by Salam Standard . Dubai has recently attracted world attention through many innovative large construction projects and sports events . The city has become iconic for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings , in particular the world 's tallest building , the Burj Khalifa . Dubai has been criticised for human rights violations concerning the city 's largely South Asian and Filipino workforce . Dubai 's property market experienced a major deterioration in 2008 -- 09 following the financial crisis of 2007 -- 08 , but the emirate 's economy has made a return to growth , with a projected 2015 budget surplus . , Dubai was the 22nd most expensive city in the world and the most expensive city in the Middle East . In 2014 , Dubai 's hotel rooms were rated as the second most expensive in the world , after Geneva . Dubai was rated as one of the best places to live in the Middle East by U.S. global consulting firm Mercer .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a5cd0267fc002bab5f0ae7e52d650b2d", "text": "Iran–United Arab Emirates relations Relations between the neighboring countries of Iran and the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) are deeply historic , dating back centuries prior to the establishment of the modern-day United Arab Emirates . They maintain diplomatic relations , with embassies in each other countries , and have close economic ties . There is a significant community of Iranians in the United Arab Emirates , mostly residing in the emirate of Dubai . An Arabic-speaking native community lives in the southern provinces of Iran , some of whose members share historical ties with the southern shores of the Persian Gulf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f96b1d4d1306e81d5af29e9fa5eb70e", "text": "Kuwait Kuwait -LSB- kʊˈweɪt -RSB- ( الكويت , -LSB- ɪl ‿ ɪkweːt -RSB- or -LSB- - afblɪkweːt -RSB- ) , officially the State of Kuwait , is a country in Western Asia . Situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf , it shares borders with Iraq and Saudi Arabia . , Kuwait has a population of 4.2 million people ; 1.3 million are Kuwaitis and 2.9 million are expatriates . Expatriates account for 70 % of the population . Oil reserves were discovered in 1938 . From 1946 to 1982 , the country underwent large-scale modernization . In the 1980s , Kuwait experienced a period of geopolitical instability and an economic crisis following the stock market crash . In 1990 , Kuwait was invaded by Iraq . The Iraqi occupation came to an end in 1991 after military intervention by coalition forces . At the end of the war , there were extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure . Kuwait is a constitutional state with a semi-democratic political system . It has a high income economy backed by the world 's sixth largest oil reserves . The Kuwaiti dinar is the highest valued currency in the world . According to the World Bank , the country has the fourth highest per capita income in the world . The Constitution was promulgated in 1962 . Kuwait is home to the largest opera house in the Middle East . In the Arab world , Kuwait is frequently dubbed the `` Hollywood of the Gulf '' due to the popularity of its soap operas and theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9b1d5569e83721a08dd6e081f7e146e", "text": "Beetham Tower, Manchester Beetham Tower ( also known as the Hilton Tower ) is a landmark 47-storey mixed-use skyscraper in Manchester , England . Completed in 2006 , it is named after its developers , the Beetham Organisation , and was designed by SimpsonHaugh and Partners . The development occupies a sliver of land at the top of Deansgate , hence its elongated plan and was proposed in July 2003 with construction starting a year later . At a height of 554 ft , it is the tallest building in the United Kingdom outside London and 10th tallest building in the United Kingdom . It has been described by the Financial Times as `` the UK 's only proper skyscraper outside London '' . Consequently , it is the tallest building in Manchester however construction commenced in July 2016 on Tower 1 at Owen Street which will surpass the Beetham Tower as the tallest building in Manchester when completed in 2019 with a height of 659 ft. As a result of the elongated floor plan , the structure is one of the thinnest skyscrapers in the world with a height to width ratio of 10:1 on the east-west façade but is noticeably wider on the north-south façade . A blade structure on the south side of the building acts as a façade overrun accentuating its slim form and doubles as a lightning rod . The skyscraper is visible from ten English counties on a clear day . The top-floor penthouse offers views of Greater Manchester , the Cheshire Plain , the Pennines , the Peak District and Snowdonia . The tower is known for emitting a loud unintentional hum or howl in windy weather , believed to emanate from the glass ` blade ' atop the building . The hum has been recorded as a B below middle C and can be heard over large parts of the locality . Architectural response to the skyscraper is polarised and interpretations vary . The cantilever bears the load of the north façade symbolically representing the historical strength and revival of post-industrial Manchester following economic decline in the 1980s and the 1996 Manchester bombing . Some questioned its dominant appearance over the city -- particularly over listed buildings with one author going as far to say the skyscraper instantly `` torpedoed '' any possibility of Manchester becoming a UNESCO World Heritage city - a status Manchester was previously on the United Kingdom shortlist for due its industrial past . Others feel its dramatic appearance and peculiarity is reflective of Manchester and that the Beetham Tower symbolises Manchester 's reinvention as a post-industrial city . Nevertheless , it has received praise and was awarded the best tall building in the world in 2007 by the Council for Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a18fc620ec34e92a1eb2ec28db1ecfdb", "text": "Khalid Al Attar Tower 2 Khalid Al Attar Tower 2 is a 66-floor tower on Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . The tower has a total structural height of 294 m ( 853 ft ) . Construction of the Khalid Al Attar Tower 2 was completed in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d0753156361dab3403fd5dcf24f99c5", "text": "Moscow International Business Center The Moscow International Business Center ( MIBC ) , also known as `` Moscow City '' , ( Московский международный деловой центр `` Москва-Сити '' , Moskovskiy mezhdunarodnıy delovoy tsentr `` Moskva-Citi '' ) is a commercial district in central Moscow , Russia . Located east of the Third Ring Road in the Presnensky District of Central Administrative Okrug , the Moscow City area is currently under development . Construction of the MIBC takes place on the Presnenskaya embankment of the Moscow River , approximately 4 km west of Red Square , and just east of the Third Ring Road . The project occupies an area of 60 hectares , with the territory chosen being the only area in central Moscow that can accommodate such a project . The MIBC is expected to become the first zone in Russia to combine business activity , living space and entertainment in one single development . The Moscow government first conceived the project in 1992 . An estimated 250,000 -- 300,000 people will be working in , living in , or visiting the complex at any given time . MIBC includes 6 skyscrapers with maximum height of 300 meters or more ( Shanghai has 5 , Hong Kong has 6 , Chicago has 6 , New York has 8 ) . Europe 's tallest building , the Federation Tower , is in the MIBC . The complex also includes the second-tallest , third-tallest , fifth-tallest , sixth-tallest , and seventh-tallest buildings in Europe . By 2016 twelve of twenty-three planned facilities of MIBC were already built , seven buildings are in construction and four are in the design stage . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "816802b57f958f4dac105bb88ed9c79e", "text": "Emirate of Ajman The Emirate of Ajman ( إمارة عجمان -LSB- ʔɪmaːra ( t ) ʕaʤmaːn -RSB- ) is one of the seven Emirates ( states ) of the United Arab Emirates . It has an area of a mere 260 square kilometres ( 100 sq mi ) , which makes it the smallest of the emirates in terms of area . It is named after the city of Ajman , which is its seat of government . It is bordered on the north , east , and south by the Emirate of Sharjah . It has a population of some 240,000 . Located on the coast of the Persian Gulf , Ajman also controls two small inland exclaves : Manama and Masfut , both of which are primarily agricultural . Approximately 95 % of the population of the emirate resides in the city of Ajman , which forms part of the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area . Ajman is ruled by Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi of the Al Nuaimi tribe . The Crown Prince of the Emirate is Sheikh Ammar bin Humaid Al Nuaimi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da06186882d966e521863bc5e7598ca7", "text": "List of buildings in Dubai This is a list of buildings in Dubai . Dubai has a rich collection of buildings and structures of various architectural styles . Many modern interpretations of Islamic architecture can be found here , due to a boom in construction and architectural innovation in the Arab World in general , and in Dubai in particular , supported not only by top Arab or international architectural and engineering design firms such as Al Hashemi and Aedas , but also by top firms of New York and Chicago . As a result of this boom , modern Islamic -- and world -- architecture has literally been taken to new levels in skyscraper building design and technology . Dubai now has more completed or topped-out skyscrapers higher than 2/3 km , 1/3 km , or 1/4 km than any other city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee9ce2db46982603975672fb1fec5f00", "text": "The Oberoi Business Bay The Oberoi , Dubai is a five star luxury hotel in Business Bay , Dubai , United Arab Emirates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c18eecba6b4e55b11fe2b34d18f3d68", "text": "Mazaya Business Avenue The Mazaya Business Avenue project comprises three identical Commercial Towers on 5 , 7 and 9 of Al Worood 3 Street . The Towers sit on the fringe of Jumeirah Islands and Jumeirah Lake Towers in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . The three identical towers are named as Mazaya Business Avenue AA1 ( 5 , Al Worood 3 Street ) , Mazaya Business Avenue BB1 ( 7 , Al Worood 3 Street ) and Mazaya Business Avenue BB2 ( 9 , Al Worood 3 Street ) . All of the towers stand at a height of 180 meters ( 591 ft ) , have 45 floors each and house predominantly commercial enterprises . Since the Building 's completion in 2012 , it has attracted Forbes Most Promising UAE Startup Companies and DMCC Most Innovative Startup Companies as well as the leading DMCC Freezone companies . The Tower ' occupants also include Multi-National Corporations , Global Conglomerates and Independent Enterprises whom operate in a multitude of industries such as GEEKS Computer Repair and IT Support , IT Services , IT Communications , Architecture , Engineering , Marketing , Advertising , Public Relations , FMCG , Training , Recruitment , International Freight Shipping , Contemporary Dance . The closest Dubai Metro Station to the Towers is 800 metres away at Jumeirah Lakes Towers ( Dubai Metro ) . There are many local amenities less than 450 metres away in Jumeirah Lake Towers including restaurants , cafes , fast food takeaways , supermarkets , a typing centre and an Irish Bar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea44e88913afbce848b3ae503a7785df", "text": "The Grand Boulevard Tower The Grand Boulevard Tower is an approved tower , mainly residential , to be built in Downtown Dubai , in Dubai . It will have 69 floors and it was designed by Adrian Smith , who also designed Burj Khalifa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59fa1383e3d607ec15608f99c73d8faf", "text": "Burj Burj ( Arabic : برج , tower ) may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f609f6e7bb4957b725234906dffe3aa7", "text": "John Hancock Center The John Hancock Center is a 100-story , 1,128-foot ( 343.7 m ) supertall skyscraper at 875 North Michigan Avenue , Chicago , Illinois , United States . It was constructed under the supervision of Skidmore , Owings and Merrill , with chief designer Bruce Graham and structural engineer Fazlur Khan . When the building topped out on May 6 , 1968 , it was the second tallest building in the world and the tallest outside of New York City . It is currently the fourth-tallest building in Chicago and the eighth-tallest in the United States , after One World Trade Center , the Willis Tower , 432 Park Avenue , the Trump Tower Chicago , the Empire State Building , the Bank of America Tower , and the Aon Center . When measured to the top of its antenna masts , it stands at 1500 ft. The building is home to offices and restaurants , as well as about 700 condominiums , and contains the third highest residence in the world , after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai and the Trump Tower in Chicago . The building was named for John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company , a developer and original tenant of the building . From the 95th floor restaurant , diners can look out at Chicago and Lake Michigan . The Observatory ( 360 Chicago ) , which competes with the Willis Tower 's Skydeck , has a 360 ° view of the city , up to four states , and a distance of over 80 mi . The Observatory has Chicago 's only open-air SkyWalk and also features a free multimedia tour in six languages . The 44th-floor sky lobby features America 's highest indoor swimming pool .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16476c8e3585e34e35d1df914f438180", "text": "Constitution of the United Arab Emirates The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates provides a legal and political framework for the operation of the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) as a federation of seven emirates . The Constitution came into effect on 2 December 1971 and was permanently accepted in May 1996 . Authored by Adi Bitar , a forming judge and legal advisor , the Constitution is written in 10 parts and has 152 Articles . The United Arab Emirates celebrates the formation of the Union ( and acceptance of the federal constitution ) as National Day . The Historically independent kingdoms , the modern emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates and the modern kingdoms of Qatar and Bahrain entered into a treaty with the United Kingdom in 1853 and agreed to a `` perpetual maritime truce '' with the UK ; the kingdoms were collectively referred to as the Trucial States or as Trucial Oman . Disputes between the states were often arbitrated by the United Kingdom . In the late 1960s , the Trucial States Council was formed by the emirates , Qatar and Bahrain . The United Kingdom in 1968 announced its decision to end the treaty relationships with the kingdoms . The nine kingdoms attempted to form a union of Arab Emirates , but were unable to agree upon the terms of the union . While Bahrain and Qatar became independent countries , the other seven emirates attempted to form a temporary , federal union in 1971 . In 1971 , the Constitution , authored by Judge Valintine , was established as a temporary legal and political framework . Article 9 of the Constitution states that the Capital shall be a new town on the border of Dubai and Abu Dhabi , to be completed within seven years and to be called `` Al Karama '' ; however , a provision in the same article provided for Abu Dhabi to be the `` temporary '' capital of the Union and for Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , ruler of Abu Dhabi , to be the President of the United Arab Emirates . In 1979 , a draft `` permanent '' constitution was prepared which allowed for the creation of a unified military and judicial system . Initially , the emirate of Dubai was strongly opposed to the unification of the military forces and , along with Ras al Khaimah , refused to attend Supreme Council meetings of the union . Mediations by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait as well as by other UAE rulers reduced differences between Shiekh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum , ruler of Dubai and Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , ruler of Abu Dhabi . In 1994 , Abu Dhabi was made the permanent capital of the UAE , and in May 1996 , six years after Rashid bin Saeed al Maktoum 's death , Dubai agreed to a permanent constitution , and one that would unify the armed forces of the UAE . However , Dubai , like Ras al Khaimah , maintains its own judicial courts , which are not subject to governance from the Supreme Court of the UAE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "767f69b185b5f2962844f784165835f4", "text": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas The city of Las Vegas , Nevada and its surrounding unincorporated communities in the Las Vegas Valley are the sites of more than 160 high-rises , 42 of which stand taller than 400 ft. The tallest structure in the city is the Stratosphere Tower , which rises 1149 ft just north of the Las Vegas Strip . The tower is also the tallest observation tower in the United States . Since the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable , however , it is not considered a building . The tallest building in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which rises 735 ft and was topped out in November 2008 . This building , however , is currently on hold . The tallest completed building in the city is the 52-story Palazzo , which rises 642 ft and was completed in 2007 . The history of skyscrapers in Las Vegas began with the 1954 completion of the Castaways Hotel and Casino in Downtown Las Vegas ; the 216 ft structure stood as the tallest building in the city until 1961 , and was demolished in 2006 . Beginning with the completion of the Diamond of the Dunes Tower in 1961 , high-rise hotels began to become more concentrated on the Las Vegas Strip . The first high-rise hotel and casino resort to rise higher than 492 ft was the 529 ft New York-New York Hotel & Casino , completed in 1997 . Las Vegas entered into a skyscraper-building boom in the late 1990s that has continued to the present ; of the city 's 40 tallest skyscrapers , 39 were completed after 1997 . As of 2012 , the skyline of Las Vegas is ranked 66th in the world and 18th in the United States with 176 completed high-rises . In what is being dubbed a `` Manhattanization wave '' , there are over 30 skyscrapers that are proposed , approved or under construction in the city that are planned to rise over 400 ft in height . The tallest building approved for the city is the World Jewelry Center , which is planned for construction in Downtown Las Vegas . The 815 ft tower is part of a proposal to construct a hub for the world 's jewelry industry , across from World Market Center Las Vegas . The tallest building under construction in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which has also been the tallest building in the city since its topping out in November 2008 ; construction on the building was suspended in mid-2009 and is currently on hold under owner Carl Icahn . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eff4e068d5f7c223c74eb4a7df93ca50", "text": "Geography of the United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates is situated in Middle East/southwest Asia , bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf , between Oman and Saudi Arabia ; it is on a strategic location along northern approaches to the Strait of Hormuz , a vital transit point for world crude oil . The UAE lies between 22 ° 50 ′ and 26 ° north latitude and between 51 ° and 56 ° 25 ′ east longitude . It shares a 19-kilometer border with Qatar on the northwest , a 530-kilometer border with Saudi Arabia on the west , south , and southeast , and a 450-kilometer border with Oman on the southeast and northeast . The land border with Qatar in the Khawr al Udayd area is a source of ongoing dispute ( in fact , whether it even shares a land border with Qatar is in dispute ) . The total area of the UAE is approximately 83,600 square kilometers . The country 's exact size is unknown because of disputed claims to several islands in the Persian Gulf , because of the lack of precise information on the size of many of these islands , and because most of its land boundaries , especially with Saudi Arabia , remain undemarcated . The largest emirate , Abu Dhabi , accounts for 87 percent of the UAE 's total area ( 72,732 square kilometers ) . The smallest emirate , Ajman , encompasses only 259 square kilometers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d427dbb4bf71d86e43dd3af4d811e59e", "text": "King Fahd's Fountain King Fahd 's Fountain , also known as the Jeddah Fountain , is a fountain in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia , the tallest of its type in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "075e69f981077c9ee3f7dfae34c5f9b5", "text": "Executive Towers The Executive Towers is a complex of 12 towers in Business Bay development in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . They comprise 10 residential towers , one commercial tower known as Aspect Tower , and one hotel tower ` The Taj Hotel ' . They are the first buildings to be completed in Business Bay , and are located near its entrance . A three-storey podium connects all the towers in addition to the nearby Vision Tower , which is going to be connected by a special passage . The first two levels of the podium comprise Bay Avenue shopping mall , with retail space of 175000 sqft and water-front terraces . The third level ( Plaza Level ) is called The Courtyard , it contains communal facilities , landscaped plazas , children 's play areas , fountain yards , courtyards , and covered walking arcades .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bca5291d52023543ef4c2c6a7ee6988c", "text": "Dubai Frame Dubai Frame is a project conceived and titled by Fernando Donis and his office DONIS . The design was selected as the winner of the 2009 ThyssenKrupp Elevator International Award from 926 proposals . Participants from all over the world were invited to submit an emblem that would promote `` the new face for Dubai '' . It is an upcoming project of Dubai tourism , under construction near the Star Gate of Zabeel Park . Standing at 150 m initially proposed 105 m wide . It is positioned in such a way that representative landmarks of modern Dubai can be seen on one side , while from the other side , visitors can as well view older parts of the city . As of 2017 , the architect and the Municipality of Dubai were engaged in a legal dispute over ownership of the copyright for the building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cb2a7f8d032c99a78a9dc3a1f7dc097", "text": "Dubai World Trade Centre The Dubai World Trade Centre ( DWTC ) , was inaugurated in 1979 . It is a purpose-built complex for events and exhibitions . The building is featured on the 100 Dirham bank note . With over 1.3 million square feet of covered exhibition and event space , comprising 21 halls and over 40 meeting rooms across 3 floors , Dubai World Trade Centre hosts over 500 events annually . In 2015 , the venue held 396 trade events and welcomed over 2.74 million visitors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e17c03d6471e26430e01f2baed28bda", "text": "Zara Towers Zara Towers are a 90-metre tall commercial twin towers , located in Amman , Jordan . The towers feature conference rooms , offices , cinemas , a shopping mall and exhibition halls . The two towers are connected by a pedestrian bridge .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e8da69436a0cf30bdf48763aff771e23	One common cosmetic is liquid mascara.	[ { "docid": "efd023c25c3524d7601164d41c6f945b", "text": "Cosmetics Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body . Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair . They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds ; some being derived from natural sources ( such as coconut oil ) , and some being synthetics . Common cosmetics include lipstick , mascara , eye shadow , foundation , rouge , skin cleansers and skin lotions , shampoo , hairstyling products ( gel , hair spray , etc. ) , perfume and cologne . Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup . In the U.S. , the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) , which regulates cosmetics , defines cosmetics as `` intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing , beautifying , promoting attractiveness , or altering the appearance without affecting the body 's structure or functions '' . This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product . The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68cc2e45f0cadbfa7e8f05befffba57e", "text": "Mascara Mascara is a cosmetic commonly used to enhance the eyelashes . It may darken , thicken , lengthen , and/or define the eyelashes . Normally in one of three forms -- liquid , cake , or cream -- the modern mascara product has various formulas ; however , most contain the same basic components of pigments , oils , waxes , and preservatives .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "97f1d38dd474eee0ca62eb4783b2f741", "text": "Liquid paraffin (drug) Medicinal liquid paraffin , also known as paraffinum liquidum , is a very highly refined mineral oil used in cosmetics and for medical purposes . This is a UK definition ( British Pharmacopoeia ) and the term may have different uses in other countries . The cosmetic or medicinal liquid paraffin should not be confused with the paraffin ( or kerosene ) used as a fuel . The term paraffinum perliquidum is sometimes used to denote light liquid paraffin . Conversely , the term paraffinum subliquidum is sometimes used to denote a thicker ( more viscous/oily ) mineral oil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e759d61ed690bdfb6ecd9c8813397304", "text": "Liquorice (confectionery) Liquorice ( British English ) or licorice ( American English ) is a confection usually flavoured with the extract of the roots of the liquorice plant Glycyrrhiza glabra . A wide variety of liquorice sweets are produced around the world . In North America , black licorice is distinguished from similar confectionery varieties that are not flavoured with liquorice extract but commonly manufactured in the form of chewy ropes or tubes . So called `` black licorice '' is also a widespread flavour in other forms of confectionery such as jellybeans . In addition to these , various other liquorice-based sweets are sold in the United Kingdom , such as liquorice allsorts . Dutch and Nordic liquorice characteristically contains ammonium chloride instead of sodium chloride , prominently so in salty liquorice . The essential ingredients of liquorice confectionery are liquorice extract , sugar , and a binder . The base is typically starch/flour , gum arabic , gelatin or a combination thereof . Additional ingredients are extra flavouring , beeswax for a shiny surface , ammonium chloride and molasses . Ammonium chloride is mainly used in salty liquorice candy , with concentrations up to about 8 percent . However , even regular liquorice candy can contain up to 2 percent ammonium chloride , the taste of which is less prominent due to the higher sugar concentration . Some liquorice candy is flavoured with anise oil instead of or in combination with liquorice root extract .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd77df8363324e7424771bca82e167f8", "text": "Product lining In marketing jargon , product lining is offering several related products for sale individually . Unlike product bundling , where several products are combined into one group , which is then offered for sale as a units , product lining involves offering the products for sale separately . A line can comprise related products of various sizes , types , colors , qualities , or prices . Line depth refers to the number of subcategories a category has . Line consistency refers to how closely related the products that make up the line are . Line vulnerability refers to the percentage of sales or profits that are derived from only a few products in the line . Product lining is a marketing strategy that companies adopt which they offer products in the same product line for sale individually ( Krishnamurthi , 2007 ) . Product line is a group of related products defined by their functions and customer market , forming a `` line '' or category ( Neubauer , Steffen & Margaria , 2003 ) . For instance , the variety of coffees that are offered at a café is one of its product lines and it could consist of flat white , cappuccinos , short black , lattes , mochas and etc. . Alternatively , Product line of juices and pastries can also be found at a café . In comparison to product bundling , which is a strategy of offering more than one product for promotion as one combined item to create differentiation and greater value , product lining consists of selling different related products individually ( Chen , 1997 ) . The products in the product line can come in various sizes , colours , qualities , or prices . The benefits from having a successful product line is the brand identification from customers which result in customer loyalty and multiple purchases ( Kekre & Srinivasan , 1990 ) . It increases the likelihood of customers purchasing new products from the company that have just been added into the product line due to the previous satisfying purchases ( Krishnamurthi , 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f3a7e010974fb2aa044e275aea2b80f", "text": "Humectant A humectant -LSB- hjuːˈmɛktənt -RSB- is a hygroscopic substance used to keep things moist ; it is the opposite of a desiccant . It is often a molecule with several hydrophilic groups , most often hydroxyl groups ; however , amines and carboxyl groups , sometimes esterified , can be encountered as well ( its affinity to form hydrogen bonds with molecules of water is the crucial trait ) . They are used in many products , including food , cosmetics , medicines and pesticides . A humectant attracts and retains the moisture in the air nearby via absorption , drawing the water vapor into or beneath the organism 's or object 's surface . By contrast , desiccants also attract ambient moisture , but adsorb -- not absorb -- it , by condensing the water vapor onto the surface , as a layer of film . When used as a food additive , a humectant has the effect of keeping the foodstuff moist . Humectants are sometimes used as a component of antistatic coatings for plastics . In pharmaceuticals and cosmetics , humectants can be used in topical dosage forms to increase the solubility of a chemical compound 's active ingredients , increasing the active ingredients ' ability to penetrate skin , or its activity time . This hydrating property can also be needed to counteract a dehydrating active ingredient ( e.g. , soaps , corticoids , and some alcohols ) , which is why humectants are common ingredients in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care products that make moisturization claims ( e.g. , hair conditioners , body lotions , face or body cleansers , lip balms , and eye creams ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9760a40172f59b678391e0a8a7991fb2", "text": "Slim Jeans Slim Jeans was the name of a weight-reducing product heavily marketed in the United States through television commercials in the 1980s . Slim Jeans were a pair of pants , very unlike jeans and more like sweatpants , made of a silver reflective material . They were supposed to help the wearer lose weight by trapping body heat and promoting the loss of `` water weight '' through sweating . Slim Jeans also came with a hooded sweatshirt made of the same material . The product and commercial , which became the subject of discussion on X-Entertainment , are considered by some to be unintentionally comic . Monty Python even parodied the product in their skit `` Trim Jeans Theater '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ae2fdcdd8cdd1e8f0729efaaf4038f1", "text": "Emlin Emlin Cosmetics is a privately held company based in Bensenville , Illinois and has been in business for over fifty years manufacturing customized soap and bath amenity products for the most exclusive hotel chains . Their products are formulated with natural botanicals , rich emollients , and their retail lines have been carried in upscale stores such as Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus . For over twenty-five years , they were the exclusive provider of bath care products for the Hyatt hotels domestically as well as many properties internationally . Additionally , for over fifteen years , they provided an exclusive amenity line for the Princess Cruises and Medline Industries . Their client list of clubs include numerous American Airlines Admirals clubs , the prestigious Standard Club , and the East Bank Club of Chicago , as well as many country clubs . Most recently , Emlin has been selected by both United Airlines and J.P. Morgan Chase Bank to be the only cosmetic line featured in their respective employee discount programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21c5805ad81d12d48a0f54af409352cd", "text": "Eyebrow The eyebrow is an area of thick , delicate hairs above the eye that follows the shape of the lower margin of the brow ridges of some mammals . Their main function is hypothesized to prevent sweat , water , and other debris from falling down into the eye socket , but they are also important to human communication and facial expression . It is not uncommon for people to modify their eyebrows by means of hair addition , removal and makeup . According to the 2016 United States census , roughly 3 % of the population suffers from a disease called madarosis , which is a deficiency where individuals can not grow eyebrows or eyelashes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f88b9f281c2944814398a623e64fe7a7", "text": "Scutellinia scutellata Scutellinia scutellata , commonly known as the eyelash cup , the Molly eye-winker , the scarlet elf cap , the eyelash fungus or the eyelash pixie cup , is a small saprophytic fungus of the genus Scutellinia . It is the type species of Scutellinia , as well as being the most common and widespread . The fruiting bodies are small red cups with distinct long , dark hairs or `` eyelashes '' . These eyelashes are the most distinctive feature and are easily visible with a magnifying glass . The species is common in North America and Europe , and has been recorded on every continent . S. scutellata is found on rotting wood and in other damp habitats , typically growing in small groups , sometimes forming clusters . It is sometimes described as inedible , but its small size means it is not suitable for culinary use . Despite this , it is popular among mushroom hunters due to its unusual `` eyelash '' hairs , making it memorable and easy to identify .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df498ed32b1fcbb1f76c77b27ea0fef4", "text": "Permanent marker A permanent marker or indelible marker is a type of marker pen that is used to create permanent writing on an object . In general , the ink comprises a main carrier solvent , a glyceride , a pyrrolidone , a resin and a colorant , making it waterproof . It is capable of writing on a variety of surfaces from paper to metal to stone . They come in a variety of tip sizes ( ultra fine to wide ) , shapes ( chisel point , bullet tip , and wide bristle ) , and colors ( metallic , or ultraviolet reactive ) . Like spray paint , these markers contain volatile organic compounds which evaporate to dry the ink . Permanent marker is another name for `` waterproof '' marker . They have a potential for abuse as a recreational drug The permanent marker was invented in 1952 by Sidney Rosenthal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58416e6d7f718cdd3e21a0c79e682323", "text": "Vichy cosmetics Vichy ( -LSB- viʃi -RSB- ; `` Vichy Laboratoires '' ) is a premium brand of skincare , bodycare , make-up and anti-aging products owned by L'Oréal under its Active Cosmetics division . Thermal spa water from the hot springs of the town of Vichy , France , is the only water source used in its formulations . The company was founded in 1931 . The company is one of two ` active cosmetics ' brands in the L'Oreal group , the other being La Roche-Posay . Vichy is most popular in Europe , and the company is known for their ` Dermablend ' range of foundations and concealers . Vichy is one of the biggest brands in the European skincare market . Some of their leading lines are : LiftActiv ( Anti-Aging ) , Neovadiol , Normaderm ( Oily , blemish-prone skin ) , Dercos , Aqualia Thermal , Capital Soleil , Essentielles ( Basic line of cheaper products ) , Vichy Homme ( Men 's shaving and cleansing products ) The tagline of Vichy is `` Health is beautiful '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2aaef9ad9b8d65733f8f29a2983f0403", "text": "Face (professional wrestling) In professional wrestling , a face ( babyface ) is a heroic or a `` good guy '' wrestler , booked ( scripted ) by the promotion with the aim of being cheered by fans . Faces , traditionally , wrestle within the rules and avoid cheating ( in contrast to the heels who use illegal moves and call in additional wrestlers to do their work for them ) while behaving positively towards the referee and the audience . Such characters are also referred to as blue-eyes in British wrestling , and técnicos in lucha libre . The face character is portrayed as a hero relative to the heel wrestlers , who are analogous to villains . Not everything a face wrestler does must be heroic : faces need only to be cheered by the audience to be effective characters . The vast majority of wrestling storylines involving faces place a face against a heel , although more elaborate set-ups ( such as two faces being manipulated by a nefarious outside party into fighting ) often happen as well . In the world of lucha libre wrestling , they 're generally known for using moves requiring technical skill , particularly aerial maneuvers , and wearing outfits using bright colors with positive associations ( such as solid white ) . This is contrasted with the villainous rudos that are generally known for being brawlers , using physical moves that emphasize brute strength and/or size while often having outfits akin to demons or other nasty characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643d00b353a6a0bf140f6d70ff051ded", "text": "Cosmetic textile Cosmetic textiles are the functional textiles , including garments , underwear which come in direct contact with the skin through the process of microencapsulation . They concern the treatment of the skin for a cosmetic approach ( for example , the orange peel effect ) , but can also be a vehicle for other active functions , such as slimming and body shaping . Cosmetic textiles currently offered on the market claim to be moisturizing , perfumed , cellulite reducing and body slimming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4af85f939212b2d42cc3eca6916150ed", "text": "Mood ring A mood ring is a ring that contains a thermochromic element , such as liquid crystal , that changes colors based upon the temperature of the finger of the wearer . Most new rings come with a color chart indicating the supposed mood of the wearer based upon the colors indicated on the ring . The mood ring was created in 1975 by two New York inventors , Josh Reynolds and Maris Ambats , who bonded liquid crystals with quartz stones set into rings . They initially retailed for $ 45 for a `` silvery setting '' and $ 250 for gold , and first sold at Bonwit Teller , rapidly becoming a fad in the 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcdff987bcf0f12a891bc2bead2b7d11", "text": "Always (brand) Always is a brand of feminine hygiene products , including maxi pads , ultra thin pads , pantiliners , and feminine wipes , produced by Procter & Gamble . It was first introduced in the United States in test markets in the spring of 1983 , then nationally in May of 1984 . By the end of 1984 , Always had also been introduced internationally in United Kingdom , Canada , France , Germany , and Africa . According to Rising Tide : Lessons from 165 Years of Brand Building at Procter & Gamble , Always was Procter & Gamble 's `` first truly global brand . '' Always is sold under the name Whisper in Japan , Singapore , India , China , South Korea , Philippines , Thailand , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Vietnam , Malaysia , Australia , Cambodia , Mongolia , and Indonesia , under the name Lines in Italy , under the name Orkid in Turkey , and under the names Evax and Ausonia in Spain and Portugal . Marketing for the product includes the company 's BeingGirl website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d099c728bd19b904aa95437f4e4cca5", "text": "Shoe polish Shoe polish ( or boot polish ) , is a waxy paste , cream , or liquid used to polish , shine , and waterproof leather shoes or boots to extend the footwear 's life , and restore , maintain and improve their appearance . Various substances have been used as shoe polish for hundreds of years , starting with natural substances such as wax and tallow . Modern polish formulas were introduced early in the 20th century and many of those original formulations are still in use today . Today , shoe polish is usually made from a mix of natural and synthetic materials , including naphtha , turpentine , dyes , and gum arabic , using straightforward chemical engineering processes . Shoe polish is usually flammable , can be toxic , and , if misused , can stain skin . It should be used in a well-ventilated area with care taken to protect clothes , carpet and furniture . The popularity of shoe polish paralleled a general rise in leather and synthetic shoe production , beginning in the 19th century and continuing into the 20th . The World Wars saw a surge in demand for the product , in order to polish army boots .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10bdf42b0c38b47458ba0004b539a0f0", "text": "Swedish goggles Swedish goggles are a classic and popular type of swimming goggles worn by many competitive swimmers . The original Swedish goggles were produced by the Swedish company Malmsten AB and were first designed in the 1970s . Swedish goggles influenced many other goggle designs and generic Swedish goggles are widely available . Malmsten claims that Swedish goggles are `` probably the worlds most copied swim goggles . '' Swedish goggles are notable for a lack of a gasket or seal around the eye cup , as found on most other goggles . They come in various colors including clear , black , blue , green , red , amber , pink , silver metallic and bronze metallic . Swedish goggles are relatively low cost , with basic goggles costing around $ 5 retail and metallic goggle costing around $ 15 . Much of the popularity of Swedish goggles is due to their customizable fit . The goggles are sold unassembled , with each goggle set including a pair of eye cups , one long ( around 36 '' ) latex rubber strip , and a nose piece consisting of string that fits inside a plastic or rubber tube . Swimmers may choose a single or double head strap , and some choose to cut a small piece of latex from the head strap for use as a nose piece . Malmsten 's official assembly instructions can be found here .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8217e589f383a384aa1b866edec72068", "text": "Hypnodermatology Hypnodermatology is an informal label for the use of hypnosis in treating the skin conditions that fall between conventional medical dermatology and the mental health disciplines . The use of hypnosis to provide relief for some skin conditions is based on observations that the severity of the disease may correlate with emotional issues . In addition , hypnotherapy has been used to suggest improvement on dermatological symptoms , such as chronic psoriasis , eczema , ichthyosis , warts and alopecia areata . Philip D. Shenefelt , a research dermatologist at the University of South Florida School of Medicine , has identified two dozen dermatologic conditions that have shown response to hypnosis in the literature , with varying degrees of evidence . These include successful results in controlled trials on verruca vulgaris , psoriasis , and atopic dermatitis . A 2005 review in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings stated that , `` A review of the use of hypnosis in dermatology supports its value for many skin conditions not believed to be under conscious control '' . The most comprehensively studied skin conditions in relation to hypnotherapy are psoriasis and warts . Hypnosis may have positive effects on dermatological conditions in both adults and children . Hypnotherapy may contribute towards reducing itching and discomfort brought on by the presence of warts and improves and possibly decreasing lesions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c5a7e6e60b613e16b7621d278833afe", "text": "Ingredient An ingredient is a substance that forms part of a mixture ( in a general sense ) . For example , in cooking , recipes specify which ingredients are used to prepare a specific dish . Many commercial products contain a secret ingredient that is purported to make them better than competing products . In the pharmaceutical industry , an active ingredient is that part of a formulation that yields the effect expected by the customer . National laws usually require prepared food products to display a list of ingredients , and specifically require that certain additives be listed . In most developed countries , the law requires that ingredients be listed according to their relative weight in the product . If an ingredient itself consists of more than one ingredient ( such as the cookie pieces which are a part of `` cookies and cream '' flavor ice cream ) , then that ingredient is listed by what percentage of the total product it occupies , with its own ingredients displayed next to it in brackets . The term constituent is often chosen when referring to the substances that constitute the tissue of living beings such as plants and people , because the word ingredient in many minds connotes a sense of human agency ( that is , something that a person combines with other substances ) , whereas the natural products present in living beings were not added by any human agency but rather occurred naturally ( `` a plant does n't have ingredients '' ) . Thus all ingredients are constituent #Nouns , but not all constituents are ingredients .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4968157a025a900caec5b3639645bbfb", "text": "Drop Drop , DROP , drops or DROPS may refer to : Drop ( liquid ) or droplet , a small volume of liquid Eye drops , saline ( sometimes mydriatic ) drops used as medication for the eyes Drop ( unit ) , a unit of measure of volume Falling ( physics ) , or allowing an object to fall", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dc394ef21c27dc3ead809d5fe037310", "text": "Primer (cosmetics) A cosmetic primer is a cream or lotion applied before another cosmetic to improve coverage and lengthen the amount of time the cosmetic lasts on the face .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6b3bb49ab668136051b519986cb30371	Mixed reviews were given to Winter Passing.	[ { "docid": "1204bb0e9089e0acaed59a52b2b293d4", "text": "Winter Passing Winter Passing is a 2005 American film . It is the directorial debut of playwright Adam Rapp , also known for his work on the show The L Word . The film stars Zooey Deschanel and Ed Harris , with supporting performances by Will Ferrell and Amelia Warner . The film premiered in 2005 to mixed reviews , and was not released in the United Kingdom until 2013 , when it was released under the new title Happy Endings .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9f5201f4d606fba37c49cc6ee7a9086c", "text": "Holidays of Future Passed `` Holidays of Future Passed '' is the ninth episode of the twenty-third season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 11 , 2011 . Most of the episode is set thirty years into the future , when Bart and Lisa take their children with them to Homer and Marge 's house over Christmas , while a pregnant Maggie goes into labor . Bart has divorced his wife Jenda and is struggling to become a better father for his two boys , while Lisa has trouble connecting with her rebellious teenage daughter Zia . The Simpsons creator Matt Groening made a minor uncredited cameo appearance as a sports commentator shouting `` goal ! '' during a soccer game . Originally written as a potential series finale , the episode has received highly positive reception from television critics who often cited it as the best episode of the season . It has been particularly praised for its humor and for its emotional scenes , such as one where Bart and Lisa sit in their old treehouse and talk about how difficult parenting is . During the original broadcast , `` Holidays of Future Passed '' was watched by about 6.43 million people . Since then , it has garnered attention in the media for a segment taking place thirty years in the future in which it is implied that the city of Dearborn , Michigan is `` still under sharia law '' . Commentators have had mixed opinions on what the segment is mocking , whether it is the increasing Islamic influence in the US , specifically in Dearborn , or rather those who are thinking that Dearborn is under sharia law in December 2011 , the time that the episode aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ac50c63377b4f354dedda3a53416b89", "text": "Snow Falls `` Snow Falls '' is the third episode of the American fairy tale/drama television series Once Upon a Time . The series takes place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke , Maine , in which the residents are actually characters from various fairy tales that were transported to the `` real world '' town by a powerful curse . This episode centers on the first meeting of Snow White ( Ginnifer Goodwin ) and Prince Charming ( Joshua Dallas ) , when the former steals his mother 's ring ; Charming hunts her down , but they later part amicably . Meanwhile , Snow 's Storybrooke counterpart , Mary Margaret ( Goodwin ) , develops a personal bond with a comatose John Doe ( Dallas ) while reading him fairy tales . During the night , he awakens and escapes the hospital ; Mary Margaret locates the amnesiac man , but is dismayed to learn that he is married . The episode was written by co-executive producer Liz Tigelaar , while being directed by Dean White . It featured the first appearance of David Anders as Dr. Whale and Anastasia Griffith in the dual role of Kathryn Nolan and Princess Abigail . `` Snow Falls '' serves as a prequel to the pilot episode . Goodwin injured herself during filming and received facial stitches in a local emergency room , though she and Dallas still called the episode their favorite up to that point . It first aired in the United States on ABC on November 6 , 2011 . An estimated 11.4 million viewers tuned into the episode , and it placed second in its timeslot , though it garnered five percent fewer viewers than the previous episode . `` Snow Falls '' received generally positive reviews from television critics , with several calling it an indication that the series was improving over time . The chemistry between Goodwin and Dallas was particularly highlighted for praise . A novelization of the episode was released in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8acc436ba4619b0339da4df783e32475", "text": "Going Steady (book) Going Steady : Film Writings 1968 -- 1969 is the third collection of film reviews by the critic Pauline Kael , comprising the years 1968-1969 , when she first began her film-reviewing duties at The New Yorker and which covers , '' a crucial period of social and aesthetic change at the end of the sixties . '' The collection for the most part consists of reviews of individual films , but includes one long essay , ( which appeared originally in Harper 's Magazine ) , entitled `` Trash , Art , and the Movies '' , perhaps the closest Kael comes to a manifesto defining her personal aesthetics in regards to films . In the essay , Kael dissects , compares , and contrasts the merits of `` trash '' films that are nevertheless entertaining , as well as `` art '' films that are uninteresting . In doing so , Kael lambastes `` art '' films such as Kubrick 's 2001 : A Space Odyssey , concluding her treatment of that particular film by declaring : `` If big film directors are to get credit for doing badly what others have been doing brilliantly for years with no money , just because they 've put it on a big screen , then businessmen are greater than poets and theft is art . '' The essay is divided into ten parts , ranging from discussions of The Thomas Crown Affair to Petulia . Kael 's overriding theme is to dismantle the intellectual pretences of those who deride films deemed to be `` trash '' on the basis of dubious aesthetic concerns , notwithstanding the entertainment appeal a particular `` trash '' film might possess . Other notable reviews include Kael 's treatment of the Norman Mailer film Wild 90 , its relation to cinéma vérité , and the implications of that particular film-making technique . This book is out-of-print in the United States , but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers of the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "add4d6454a4347b95e5565e035f08e86", "text": "The Pass (song) `` The Pass '' is the second single from Rush 's 1989 album Presto . The lyrics by drummer Neil Peart address teenage isolation and the tendency to romanticize it . The song peaked at # 15 on the U.S. Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , and a music video was made for the song . The line `` All of us get lost in the darkness/Dreamers learn to steer by the stars/All of us do time in the gutter/Dreamers turn to look at the cars '' alludes to Oscar Wilde 's `` We are all in the gutter , but some of us are looking at the stars '' from his play Lady Windermere 's Fan . On the Rush in Rio DVD ( 2003 ) , bassist/vocalist Geddy Lee introduces the song to the audience by saying it is one of the band 's favourites . On the same DVD , in the documentary `` The Boys in Brazil , '' Peart says he always gets emotional while playing the song , `` not only for what it expresses explicitly lyrically , but because it is one of our better crafted ones . '' A cover version was made by Brazilian band Fleesh in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ed204668e58ab78253dcb4552d83f3d", "text": "The Twilight Sad (EP) The Twilight Sad is the debut EP by The Twilight Sad , released on 14 November 2006 on Fat Cat Records . The EP was only released on CD in the United States . Regarding its US-only release , former bassist Craig Orzel stated that `` the American side of Fat Cat wanted a release to announce our arrival , so they got that . I think the UK side were , initially , more interested in albums than EPs . '' The EP was mixed by composer and Fat Cat labelmate Max Richter . `` That Summer , at Home I Had Become the Invisible Boy '' , `` Last Year 's Rain Did n't Fall Quite So Hard '' , and `` And She Would Darken the Memory '' also appear on the band 's debut album , Fourteen Autumns & Fifteen Winters , which followed the EP in April 2007 . The EP garnered warm critical reception , with independent music website Delusions of Adequacy praising `` the cathartic racket '' of the songs as `` uplifting and expansive , on the verge of overwhelming with sound , sweeping the listener away from the harsh , earth-bound lyrics and delivery '' and hailing the EP as `` a bracing distillation of what The Twilight Sad does best , marrying spare to expansive sonics with bitter , sharp , sometimes enigmatic lyrics and a powerful , emotional sing-talking delivery by James Graham , as skeletons are rattled in the old family closet . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "497cd45c6fc137e04f7861b3e2021409", "text": "Weights and Measures (Spirit of the West album) Weights and Measures is a 1997 album by Spirit of the West . It was their final album of new material for Warner Music Canada . It was the band 's first album following the departure of Linda McRae , to whom the final song `` The Hammer and the Bell '' is dedicated . It was also the band 's most directly folk-influenced album in many years , as `` Canadian Skye '' , `` Rites of Man '' , `` Circus '' and `` The Hammer and the Bell '' are all arranged partly around traditional Celtic jigs and reels . This was once one of the band 's trademarks , but one they had virtually abandoned on their 1990s albums . The album was recorded in England at Presshouse studios owned by Jethro Tull guitarist Martin Barre . Barre appears on the album as a guest musician , along with Ric Sanders of Fairport Convention , Donald Shaw and Karen Matheson of Capercaillie , and Martin Bell from The Wonder Stuff . For the album 's supporting tour , Tobin Frank joined the band as a `` special guest '' . He retained that billing for several years , but is now officially a member of the band . Although the album was well received by critics , it was not widely promoted by the label , and sold poorly compared to the band 's other 1990s efforts . It did not produce any hits for the band , although `` Soldier 's Boy '' did receive limited airplay on Canadian radio . Following this album , Spirit of the West were dropped from their record label . This was a common occurrence in the late 1990s for bands and artists who had solid , loyal fan bases but did not enjoy multiplatinum sales . Like other such artists , Spirit of the West moved to an independent label for their subsequent albums . Warner released a greatest hits compilation by the band , Hit Parade , in 1999 , but the band did not release an album of new material until Star Trails in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b893ba8cf2f01dcc00ce3f69052e734", "text": "Passing By Passing By may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74710d1ddd3cd1bbc313b9e94e42a5de", "text": "Winter (Tori Amos song) `` Winter '' is a song by American singer-songwriter and musician Tori Amos , first released in 1992 . The song was written about Amos ' relationship with her father , who is a minister . `` Winter '' was Amos ' first single to reach the top 40 in any country , peaking at # 25 in the UK in March 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9899176531546abcb014dbe388d9f88e", "text": "An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings . Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful . Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfccf74aa9318b613d7c94e07f0e785f", "text": "For a Breath I Tarry `` For a Breath I Tarry '' is a highly regarded 1966 post-apocalyptic novelette by Roger Zelazny . Taking place long after the self-extinction of Man , it recounts the tale of Frost , a sentient machine ( '' ... a silver-blue box , 40x40x40 feet , ... featured in whatever manner he chose . '' ) Though Man has disappeared , his robotic creations ( and their creations in turn ) continue to function . For ten thousand years Frost sat at the North Pole of the Earth , aware of every snowflake that fell . He monitored and directed the activities of thousands of reconstruction and maintenance machines . He knew half the Earth , as gear knows gear , as electricity knows its conductor , as a vacuum knows its limits . At the South Pole , the Beta-Machine did the same for the southern hemisphere . Along the way , the story explores the differences between Man and Machine , the former experiencing the world qualitatively , while the latter do so quantitatively . `` A machine is a Man turned inside-out , because it can describe all the details of a process , which a Man can not , but it can not experience that process itself as a Man can . '' This is illustrated by a conversation Frost has with another machine named Mordel . `` Regard this piece of ice , mighty Frost . You can tell me its composition , dimensions , weight , temperature . A Man could not look at it and do that . A Man could make tools which would tell Him these things , but He still would not know measurement as you know it . What He would know of it , though , is a thing that you can not know . '' `` What is that ? '' `` That it is cold . '' Driving the plot and setting its tone are allusions to other literature , most specifically the first chapter of the Book of Job , both in situation and language , as verses are both quoted directly and paraphrased . Additionally , echoes of the first three chapters of the Book of Genesis appear . Finally , Frost and Mordel enter into a Faustian bargain , with , however , better results than in the original . The novelette has appeared in collections of Zelazny 's works and in anthologies . The title is from a phrase in A. E. Housman 's collection A Shropshire Lad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e0d0b4bceb23db7d8aac6fa5a502fe4", "text": "Snow in Florida It is very rare for snow to fall in the U.S. state of Florida , especially in the central and southern portions of the state . With the exception of the far northern areas of the state and the Jacksonville area , most of the major cities of Florida have never recorded measurable snowfall , have only recorded trace ( T ) amounts , or have only reported flurries in the air , usually just a few times each century . In the Florida Keys and Key West there is no known occurrence of snow flurries since the settlement of the region . Due to Florida 's low latitude and subtropical climate , temperatures cold enough to support significant snowfall are infrequent and their duration is fleeting . In general , frost is more common than snow , requiring temperatures of 32 ° F ( 0 ° C ) or less at 2 m above sea level , a cloudless sky , and a relative humidity of 65 % or more . Generally , for snow to occur , the polar jet stream must move southward through Texas and into the Gulf of Mexico , with a stalled cold front across the southern portion of the state curving northeastward to combine freezing air into the frontal clouds . While light snowfall occurs a few times each decade across the northern panhandle , most of the state is too far south of the cold continental air masses responsible for generating snowfall in the rest of the country . The mean maximum monthly snowfall in most parts of Florida is zero . The only other areas in the continental United States with this distinction are extreme southern Texas and parts of coastal southern California . Much of the known information on snow in Florida prior to 1900 is from climatological records provided by the National Weather Service meteorological station in Jacksonville , and information for other locations is sparse . The earliest recorded instance of snow in Florida occurred in 1774 ; being unaccustomed to snow , some Jacksonville residents called it `` extraordinary white rain . '' The first White Christmas in northeastern Florida 's history resulted from a snow event that occurred on December 23 , 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ee53a4e55d6692ec2046aa33497d9d5", "text": "False light False light is a legal term that refers to a tort concerning privacy that is similar to the tort of defamation . The privacy laws in the United States include a non-public person 's right to protection from publicity which puts the person in a false light to the public . That right is balanced against the First Amendment right of free speech . False light differs from defamation primarily in being intended `` to protect the plaintiff 's mental or emotional well-being '' , rather than to protect a plaintiff 's reputation as is the case with the tort of defamation and in being about the impression created rather than being about veracity . If a publication of information is false , then a tort of defamation might have occurred . If that communication is not technically false but is still misleading , then a tort of false light might have occurred . False light privacy claims often arise under the same facts as defamation cases , and therefore not all states recognize false light actions . There is a subtle difference in the way courts view the legal theories -- false light cases are about damage to a person 's personal feelings or dignity , whereas defamation is about damage to a person 's reputation . The specific elements of the tort of false light vary considerably , even among those jurisdictions which do recognize this Tort . Generally , these elements consist of the following : A publication by the Defendant about the Plaintiff ; made with actual malice ( very similar to that type required by New York Times v. Sullivan in `` Defamation '' cases ) ; which places the Plaintiff in a false light ; AND that would be highly offensive ( i.e. , embarrassing to reasonable persons ) . Some U.S. state courts have ruled that false light lawsuits brought under their states ' laws must be rewritten as defamation lawsuits ; these courts generally base their opinion on the premises that a ) any publication or statement giving rise to a false-light claim will also give rise to a defamation claim , such that the set of statements creating false light is necessarily , although not by definition , entirely within the set of statements constituting defamation ; and b ) the standard of what would be `` highly offensive '' or `` embarrassing '' to a reasonable person is much more difficult to apply than is the state 's standard for defamation , such that the potential penalties for violating the former standard would have an unconstitutional or otherwise unacceptable chilling effect on the media . However , `` most states do allow false light claims to be brought , even where a defamation claim would suffice . '' Roughly two-thirds of states do not recognize the false light claim . The states that do recognize it will not allow a plaintiff to maintain suit for both false light and defamation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4878adb9da8cac4eadb61eb0b680ef9", "text": "Winterization Winterization is the process of preparing something for winter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c40f7efa17a38ab49cc3a2f3030a88f", "text": "Snow goose The snow goose ( Chen caerulescens ) , consisting of both a white phase and blue phase ( Blue Goose ) , is a North American species of goose commonly collectively referred to as `` light geese '' . Its name derives from the typically white plumage . The genus of this bird is disputed . The American Ornithologists ' Union and BirdLife International place this species and the other `` white geese '' in the Chen genus , while other authorities follow the traditional treatment of placing these species in the `` gray goose '' genus Anser . The scientific name is from the Latin anser , `` goose '' , and caerulescens , `` bluish '' , derived from caeruleus , `` dark blue '' . This goose breeds north of the timberline in Greenland , Canada , Alaska , and the northeastern tip of Siberia , and spends winters in warm parts of North America from southwestern British Columbia through parts of the United States to Mexico . They fly as far south as Texas and Mexico during winter , and return to nest on the Arctic tundra each spring . It is a rare vagrant to Europe , but a frequent escape from collections and an occasional feral breeder . Snow geese are visitors to the British Isles where they are seen regularly among flocks of barnacle , Brent and Greenland white-fronted geese . There is also a feral population in Scotland from which many vagrant birds in Britain seem to derive . In Central America , vagrants are frequently encountered during winter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "deed15024de3f7d31f252be028ca646c", "text": "Passing Passing may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90454a4609241cd55d92e28a5aa17da0", "text": "Night on Bald Mountain Night on Bald Mountain ( Ночь на лысой горе , Noch ′ na lysoy gore ) , also known as Night on the Bare Mountain , is a series of compositions by Modest Mussorgsky ( 1839 -- 1881 ) . Inspired by Russian literary works and legend , Mussorgsky composed a `` musical picture '' , St. John 's Eve on Bald Mountain ( -LSB- Иванова ночь на лысой горе , Ivanova noch ′ na lysoy gore , links = no -RSB- ) on the theme of a witches ' sabbath occurring on St. John 's Eve , which he completed on that very night , June 23 , in 1867 . Together with Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov 's Sadko ( 1867 ) , it is one of the first tone poems by a Russian composer . Although Mussorgsky was proud of his youthful effort , his mentor , Miliy Balakirev , refused to perform it . To salvage what he considered worthy material , Mussorgsky attempted to insert his Bald Mountain music , recast for vocal soloists , chorus , and orchestra , into two subsequent projects -- the collaborative opera-ballet Mlada ( 1872 ) , and the opera The Fair at Sorochyntsi ( 1880 ) . However , Night on Bald Mountain was never performed in any form during Mussorgsky 's lifetime . In 1886 , five years after Mussorgsky 's death , Rimsky-Korsakov published an arrangement of the work , described as a `` fantasy for orchestra . '' Some musical scholars consider this version to be an original composition of Rimsky-Korsakov , albeit one based on Mussorgsky 's last version of the music , for The Fair at Sorochyntsi : It is through Rimsky-Korsakov 's version that Night on Bald Mountain achieved lasting fame . Premiering in Saint Petersburg in 1886 , the work became a concert favourite . Half a century later , the work obtained perhaps its greatest exposure through the Walt Disney animated film Fantasia ( 1940 ) , featuring an arrangement by Leopold Stokowski , based on Rimsky-Korsakov 's version . Mussorgsky 's tone poem was not published in its original form until 1968 . Although still rarely performed , it has started to gain exposure and become familiar to modern audiences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bb67d0ab524602404516092bf1e9597", "text": "Fast ice Fast ice ( also called land-fast ice , landfast ice , and shore-fast ice ) is sea ice that is `` fastened '' to the coastline , to the sea floor along shoals or to grounded icebergs . Fast ice may either grow in place from the sea water or by freezing pieces of drifting ice to the shore or other anchor sites . Unlike drift ( or pack ) ice , fast ice does not move with currents and winds . The width ( and the presence ) of this ice zone is usually seasonal and depends on ice thickness , topography of the sea floor and islands . It ranges from a few meters to several hundred kilometers . Seaward expansion is a function of a number of factors , notably water depth , shoreline protection , time of year and pressure from the pack ice . The topography of the fast ice varies from smooth and level to rugged ( when submitted to large pressures ) . The ice foot refers to ice that has formed at the shoreline , through multiple freezing of water between ebb tides , and is separated by the remainder of the fast ice surface by tidal cracks . Further away from the coastline , the ice may become anchored to the sea bottom -- it is then referred to as bottomfast ice . Fast ice can survive one or more melting seasons ( i.e. summer ) , in which case it can be designated following the usual age-based categories : first-year , second-year , multiyear . The fast ice boundary is the limit between fast ice and drift ( or pack ) ice -- in places , this boundary may coincide with a shear ridge . Fast ice may be delimited or enclose pressure ridges which extend sufficiently downward so as to be grounded -- these features are known as stamukhi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c81e2370069213e74283f3a875037d88", "text": "Oh What a Paradise It Seems Oh What a Paradise It Seems is a 1982 novella by John Cheever . It is Cheever 's last work of fiction , published shortly before his death from cancer . The main character is Lemuel Sears , an elderly computer-industry executive , twice-widowed , who pursues an ardent but unsuccessful love affair with Renee , a beautiful but elusive woman who works in real-estate . There are numerous subplots . Sears becomes involved in another love affair , and is also funding an investigation of the pollution of Beasley 's Pond in Connecticut , where he enjoys ice skating . The novella reprises many of Cheever 's familiar themes , including love , lust , life in suburbia , and a sense of displacement . Writing in the New York Times , John Leonard called the novella `` perfect Cheever ; it is perfect , period . '' John Updike , a friend of Cheever , preferred it to Cheever 's novel Falconer , and remarked on the theme of ice skating , which he called his `` Wordsworthian hike '' and his `` connection with elemental purity and the awesome depths above and below '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d2c701f975091728f0c6ee308310759b	Psychological findings link to research and perspectives from an academic discipline.	[ { "docid": "599b009f92805c1ba5baaaf61009d0da", "text": "Humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human culture . In the Middle Ages , the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics , the main area of secular study in universities at the time . Today , the humanities are more frequently contrasted with natural , and sometimes social , sciences as well as professional training . The humanities use methods that are primarily critical , or speculative , and have a significant historical element -- as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences , yet , unlike the sciences , it has no central discipline . The humanities include ancient and modern languages , literature , philosophy , religion , art and musicology . Scholars in the humanities are `` humanity scholars '' or humanists . The term `` humanist '' also describes the philosophical position of humanism , which some `` antihumanist '' scholars in the humanities refuse . The Renaissance scholars and artists were also called humanists . Some secondary schools offer humanities classes usually consisting of English literature , global studies and art . Human disciplines like history and cultural anthropology study subject matters that the experimental method does not apply to -- and instead mainly use the comparative method and comparative research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0756b1df35d30c1971193dd8641f2238", "text": "Psychology Psychology is the science of behavior and mind , embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought . It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases . In this field , a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social , behavioral , or cognitive scientist . Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior , while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors . Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes , including perception , cognition , attention , emotion ( affect ) , intelligence , phenomenology , motivation ( conation ) , brain functioning , and personality . This extends to interaction between people , such as interpersonal relationships , including psychological resilience , family resilience , and other areas . Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind . Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables . In addition , or in opposition , to employing empirical and deductive methods , some -- especially clinical and counseling psychologists -- at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques . Psychology has been described as a `` hub science '' , with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences , natural sciences , medicine , humanities , and philosophy . While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems , it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity . By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society . The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role , practicing in clinical , counseling , or school settings . Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior , and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings ( e.g. , medical schools , hospitals ) . Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings , or in other areas such as human development and aging , sports , health , and the media , as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f3c3c221c71f9699500b56d2cd1ba707", "text": "Journal of Research on Adolescence Journal of Research on Adolescence is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society for Research on Adolescence . The editor-in-chief is Nancy G. Guerra ( University of Delaware ) . The journal covers research on adolescence using `` both quantitative and qualitative methodologies applied to cognitive , physical , emotional , and social development and behavior '' . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 1.989 , ranking it 6th out of 38 journals in the category `` Family Studies '' and 27th out of 67 journals in the category `` Psychology , Developmental '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acd00dbc8805e6a9f68eb6c958f92df8", "text": "Perspectives on Politics Perspectives on Politics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering political science . It was established in 2003 and is published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association . The editor-in-chief is Jeffrey C. Isaac ( Indiana University Bloomington ) ; the founding editor was Jennifer Hochschild .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f65240867c5065a5ad038ebe2e65f54", "text": "Developmental cognitive neuroscience Developmental cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary scientific field devoted to understanding psychological processes and their neurological bases in the developing organism . It examines how the mind changes as children grow up , interrelations between that and how the brain is changing , and environmental and biological influences on the developing mind and brain . Developmental cognitive neuroscience is at the boundaries of neuroscience ( behavioral , systems , & cognitive neuroscience ) , psychology ( developmental , cognitive , & biobehavioral / physiological psychology ) , developmental science ( which includes sociology , anthropology , & biology in addition to psychology & neuroscience ) , cognitive science ( which includes computer science , philosophy , dynamical systems , & linguistics in addition to psychology ) , and even includes socio-emotional development and developmental aspects of social neuroscience and affective neuroscience . The scientific interface between cognitive neuroscience and human development has evoked considerable interest in recent years , as technological advances make it possible to map in detail the changes in brain structure that take place during development . Developmental cognitive neuroscience overlaps somewhat with fields such as developmental psychology , developmental neuropsychology , developmental psychopathology , and developmental neuroscience , but is distinct from each of them as well . Developmental cognitive neuroscience is concerned with the brain bases of the phenomena that developmental psychologists study . Developmental neuropsychology and developmental psychopathology are both devoted primarily to studying patients , whereas developmental cognitive neuroscience is concerned with studying both typical and atypical development . Developmental neuroscience is devoted entirely to the study of developmental processes in the brain , and primarily during the prenatal period . Developmental cognitive neuroscience , on the other hand , is concerned with interrelations between psychological and biological development . Developmental cognitive neuroscientists study brain development and cognitive , social , and emotional development from the prenatal period through adulthood . More recently , developmental cognitive neuroscience is interested in the role of genes in development and cognition . Thus , developmental cognitive neuroscience may shed light on nature versus nurture debates as well as constructivism and neuroconstructivism theories . Developmental cognitive neuroscience research provides data that alternately blends together , clarifies , challenges , and causes revisions in developmental , cognitive , and neuroscientific theories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51bf0a3a9764bf6fe5e4fa35434b0351", "text": "Online research methods Online research methods ( ORMs ) are ways in which researchers can collect data via the internet . They are also referred to as Internet research , Internet science or iScience , or Web-based methods . Many of these online research methods are related to existing research methodologies but re-invent and re-imagine them in the light of new technologies and conditions associated with the internet . The field is relatively new and evolving . With the growth of social medias a new level of complexity and opportunity has been created . Inclusion of social media research can provide unique insights into consumer and societal segments and gaining an `` emotional '' measure of a population on issues of interest . Some specific types of method include : Cyber-ethnography Online content analysis Online focus groups Online interviews Online qualitative research Online questionnaires Social network analysis Web-based experiments Online clinical trials -- or see below", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c38738c8085f5afd9abbd080e4fe3637", "text": "Phenomenology (philosophy) Phenomenology ( from Greek phainómenon `` that which appears '' and lógos `` study '' ) is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness . As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in Germany . It then spread to France , the United States , and elsewhere , often in contexts far removed from Husserl 's early work . Phenomenology should not be considered as a unitary movement ; rather , different authors share a common family resemblance but also with many significant differences . Accordingly : A unique and final definition of phenomenology is dangerous and perhaps even paradoxical as it lacks a thematic focus . In fact , it is not a doctrine , nor a philosophical school , but rather a style of thought , a method , an open and ever-renewed experience having different results , and this may disorient anyone wishing to define the meaning of phenomenology.Phenomenology , in Husserl 's conception , is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness . Phenomenology can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects , sets of objects , and objects acting and reacting upon one another . Husserl 's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by students , such as Edith Stein and Roman Ingarden , by hermeneutic philosophers , such as Martin Heidegger , by existentialists , such as Nicolai Hartmann , Gabriel Marcel , Maurice Merleau-Ponty , Jean-Paul Sartre , and by other philosophers , such as Max Scheler , Paul Ricoeur , Jean-Luc Marion , Michel Henry , Emmanuel Levinas , Jacques Derrida , and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a4e86d6c27ec7b57772e14ce9ed567a", "text": "Philosophical theory In the general sense , a philosophical position is a set of beliefs that explains or accounts for a general philosophy or specific branch of philosophy . The use of the term theory here is a statement of colloquial English and not reflective of the term theory . While any sort of thesis or opinion may be termed a position , in analytic philosophy it is thought best to reserve the word `` theory '' for systematic , comprehensive attempts to solve problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8afb5bba72ab38116ff38af23e50ea0c", "text": "Political sociology Contemporary political sociology involves , but is not limited to , the study of the relations between state , society , and citizens . Where a typical research question in political sociology might have been `` Why do so few American or European citizens choose to vote ? '' or even `` What difference does it make if women get elected ? '' , political sociologists also now ask : `` How is the body a site of power ? '' , `` How are emotions relevant to global poverty ? '' , or `` What difference does knowledge make to democracy ? ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b44f11a7a03af0c4f1796e6699f52b4", "text": "Organizational studies Organizational studies is `` the examination of how individuals construct organizational structures , processes , and practices and how these , in turn , shape social relations and create institutions that ultimately influence people '' , organizational studies comprise different areas that deal with the different aspects of the organizations , many of the approaches are functionalist but critical research also provide alternative frame for understanding in the field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873370cf1c6ca0c89d6eaddcd7d3c9a6", "text": "Research I university Research I university was a category that the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education previously used to indicate universities in the United States that engage in extensive research activity . The 1994 edition of the Carnegie Classification defined Research I universities as those that : Offer a full range of baccalaureate programs Are committed to graduate education through the doctorate Give high priority to research Award 50 or more doctoral degrees each year Receive annually $ 40 million or more in federal support The Carnegie Foundation reported that 59 institutions met these criteria in 1994 . In their interim 2000 edition of the classification , the Carnegie Foundation renamed the category to Doctoral/research universities-extensive to '' ... avoid the inference that the categories signify quality differences . '' The Foundation replaced their single classification system with a multiple classification system in their 2005 comprehensive overhaul of the classification framework so that the term `` Research I university '' was no longer valid , though many universities continued to use it . In 2015 , the Carnegie Classification System reinstated the `` Research I university '' designations along with `` Research II '' and `` Research III . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2006846c0160e0bd758cc163ed102a9", "text": "Methodology Methodology is the systematic , theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study . It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge . Typically , it encompasses concepts such as paradigm , theoretical model , phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques . A methodology does not set out to provide solutions - it is , therefore , not the same as a method . Instead , a methodology offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding which method , set of methods , or best practices can be applied to specific case , for example , to calculate a specific result . It has been defined also as follows : `` the analysis of the principles of methods , rules , and postulates employed by a discipline '' ; `` the systematic study of methods that are , can be , or have been applied within a discipline '' ; `` the study or description of methods '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "844709134a93cc12a251c3cc4b169300", "text": "Harvard Department of Social Relations The Department of Social Relations for Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies , more commonly known as the `` Department of Social Relations '' was an interdisciplinary collaboration among three of the social science departments at Harvard University ( anthropology , psychology , and sociology ) beginning in 1946 . Originally , the program was headquartered in Emerson Hall at Harvard before moving to William James Hall in 1965 . While the name `` Social Relations '' is often associated with the program 's long-time chair and guiding spirit , sociologist Talcott Parsons , many major figures of mid-20th-century social science also numbered among the program 's faculty , including psychologists Gordon Allport ( personality and motivation ) , Jerome Bruner ( cognitive psychology and narrative analysis ) , Roger Brown ( social psychology and psycholinguistics ) , and Henry Murray ( personality ) ; anthropologists Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn ( value orientations ) , John and Beatrice Whiting ( cross-cultural child development ) , Evon Z. Vogt ( comparative religion ) ; and sociologist Alex Inkeles ( Soviet studies and national character ) . Many of its graduate students also went on to be major figures in U.S. social sciences during the latter part of the twentieth century ; their work tends towards strong interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches . Allport and Boring discussed the origins of the department 's name in the April 1946 issue of the American Psychologist : While -LSB- academic -RSB- departmental lines have remained rigid , there has been developing during the last decade , a synthesis of socio-cultural and psychological sciences which is widely recognized within the academic world in spite of the fact that there is no commonly accepted name to designate the synthesis . We propose that Harvard adopt , and thus help establish , the term Social Relations to characterize the emerging discipline which deals not only with the body of fact and theory traditionally recognized as the subject matter of sociology , but also with that portion of psychological science that treats the individual within the social system , and that portion of anthropological science that is particularly relevant to the social and cultural patterns of literate societies . Social Relations sponsored or collaborated in a number of research studies characterized by explicit cross-cultural comparisons and multidisciplinary approaches to problems of policy or social theory . Major projects included the Six Cultures Study ( headed by John and Beatrice Whiting , an anthropological study of child development in six different cultures , including a New England Baptist community ; a Philippine barrio ; an Okinawan village ; an Indian village in Mexico ; a northern Indian caste group ; and a rural tribal group in Kenya ) ; a multidisciplinary analysis of Soviet culture and society , published in part as How the Soviet System Works ; and the Comparative Study of Values in Five Cultures during the 1950s , which examined five very different communities living in the same region of Texas : Zuni , Navajo , Mormon ( LDS ) , Spanish-American ( Mexican-American ) , and Texas Homesteaders . The curriculum of the Harvard Social Relations had four inter-related components : Sociology ; Social Psychology ; Social Anthropology ; and Personality Theory . The program disaggregated into its component departments around 1972 , though a certain interdisciplinarity remained throughout the 1970s . A similar program at Yale , the Institute for Human Relations , also now disbanded , developed the Human Relations Area Files ( HRAF ) , a cross-cultural database for comparative research , administered by Carol and Melvin Ember .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eecf6f067fc32a320af0ff8722bddb2a", "text": "Health psychology Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health , illness , and healthcare . It is concerned with understanding how psychological , behavioral , and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness . Psychological factors can affect health directly . For example , chronically occurring environmental stressors affecting the hypothalamic -- pituitary -- adrenal axis , cumulatively , can harm health . Behavioral factors can also affect a person 's health . For example , certain behaviors can , over time , harm ( smoking , excessive alcohol consumption ) or enhance health ( exercise , diet low in saturated fat ) . Health psychologists take a biopsychosocial approach . In other words , health psychologists understand health to be the product not only of biological processes ( e.g. , a virus , tumor , etc. ) but also of psychological ( e.g. , thoughts and beliefs ) , behavioral ( e.g. , habits ) , and social processes ( e.g. , socioeconomic status and ethnicity ) . By understanding psychological factors that influence health , and constructively applying that knowledge , health psychologists can improve health by working directly with individual patients or indirectly in large-scale public health programs . In addition , health psychologists can help train other healthcare professionals ( e.g. , physicians and nurses ) to take advantage of the knowledge the discipline has generated , when treating patients . Health psychologists work in a variety of settings : alongside other medical professionals in hospitals and clinics , in public health departments working on large-scale behavior change and health promotion programs , and in universities and medical schools where they teach and conduct research . Although its early beginnings can be traced to the field of clinical psychology , four different divisions within health psychology and one related field , occupational health psychology ( OHP ) , have developed over time . The four divisions include clinical health psychology , public health psychology , community health psychology , and critical health psychology . Professional organizations for the field of health psychology include Division 38 of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) , the Division of Health Psychology of the British Psychological Society ( BPS ) , and the European Health Psychology Society . Advanced credentialing in the US as a clinical health psychologist is provided through the American Board of Professional Psychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2795ce81f5febdbcd51f4dfab3da75b", "text": "Lead author In academic publishing , the lead author , or first author , is the first named author of a publication such as a research article or audit . Academic authorship standards vary widely across disciplines . In many academic subjects , including the natural sciences , computer science and electrical engineering , the lead author of a research article is typically the person who carried out the research , wrote and edited the paper . The list of trailing co-authors reflects , typically , diminishing contributions to the work reported in the manuscript . Sometimes , journals require statements detailing each author 's contributions to be included in each publication . In other disciplines ( such as mathematics ) however , authors are typically listed alphabetically rather than by contribution . The proportion of multi-author papers has increased in recent decades , reflecting increasingly complex multi-investigator research projects , as well as the `` publish or perish '' culture of academic performance evaluation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9a5a77b57a089e9222d989ec009e726", "text": "Philosophy and economics Philosophy and economics , also philosophy of economics , studies topics such as rational choice , the appraisal of economic outcomes , institutions and processes , and the ontology of economic phenomena and the possibilities of acquiring knowledge of them . Although these inquiries overlap in many ways , it is useful to divide philosophy of economics in this way into three subject matters which can be regarded respectively as branches of action theory , ethics ( or normative social and political philosophy ) , and philosophy of science . Economic theories of rationality , welfare , and social choice defend substantive philosophical theses often informed by relevant philosophical literature and of evident interest to those interested in action theory , philosophical psychology , and social and political philosophy . Economics is of particular interest to those interested in epistemology and philosophy of science both because of its detailed peculiarities and because it possesses many of the overt features of the natural sciences , while its object consists of social phenomena .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "372262072c01cb82c09597d7caee8e9a", "text": "Scientometrics Scientometrics is the study of measuring and analysing science , technology and innovation . Major research issues include the measurement of impact , reference sets of articles to investigate the impact of journals and institutes , understanding of scientific citations , mapping scientific fields and the production of indicators for use in policy and management contexts . In practice there is a significant overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields such as bibliometrics , information systems , information science and science of science policy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbce067cfcb9875ef799a52dab4d7f0f", "text": "Branches of science The branches of science ( also referred to as `` sciences '' , `` scientific fields '' , or `` scientific disciplines '' ) are commonly divided into three major groups : Natural sciences : the study of natural phenomena ( including fundamental forces and biological life ) Formal sciences : the study of mathematics and logic , which use an a priori , as opposed to factual , methodology ) Social sciences : the study of human behavior and societies . Natural and social sciences are empirical sciences , meaning that the knowledge must be based on observable phenomena and must be capable of being verified by other researchers working under the same conditions . Natural , social , and formal science make up the fundamental sciences , which form the basis of interdisciplinary and applied sciences such as engineering and medicine . Specialized scientific disciplines that exist in multiple categories may include parts of other scientific disciplines but often possess their own terminologies and expertises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe308342e11edc73653749c354a1b876", "text": "Lecture A lecture ( from the French ` lecture ' , meaning ` reading ' -LSB- process -RSB- ) is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject , for example by a university or college teacher . Lectures are used to convey critical information , history , background , theories , and equations . A politician 's speech , a minister 's sermon , or even a businessman 's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture . Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture 's content . Though lectures are much criticised as a teaching method , universities have not yet found practical alternative teaching methods for the large majority of their courses . Critics point out that lecturing is mainly a one-way method of communication that does not involve significant audience participation but relies upon passive learning . Therefore , lecturing is often contrasted to active learning . Lectures delivered by talented speakers can be highly stimulating ; at the very least , lectures have survived in academia as a quick , cheap , and efficient way of introducing large numbers of students to a particular field of study . Lectures have a significant role outside the classroom , as well . Academic and scientific awards routinely include a lecture as part of the honor , and academic conferences often center on `` keynote addresses '' , i.e. , lectures . The public lecture has a long history in the sciences and in social movements . Union halls , for instance , historically have hosted numerous free and public lectures on a wide variety of matters . Similarly , churches , community centers , libraries , museums , and other organizations have hosted lectures in furtherance of their missions or their constituents ' interests . Lectures represent a continuation of oral tradition in contrast to textual communication in books and other media . Lectures may be considered a type of grey literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18026fc25f87c42b3a0322494747fb2a", "text": "Biologist A biologist , is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology , the scientific study of life . Biologists involved in fundamental research attempt to explore and further explain the underlying mechanisms that govern the functioning of living matter . Biologists involved in applied research attempt to develop or improve more specific processes and understanding , in fields such as medicine , industry and agriculture . While `` biologist '' can apply to any scientist studying biology , most biologists research and specialise in specific fields . In this way , biologists investigate large-scale organism interactions ( ecology ) , whole multicellular organisms , organs , tissues , cells , and small-scale cellular and molecular processes . Other biologists study less direct aspects of life , such as phylogeny and evolution . Biologists conduct research based on the scientific method , to test the validity of a theory , with hypothesis formation , experimentation and documentation of methods and data . There are many types of biologists . Some work on microorganisms , while others study multicellular organisms . There is much overlap between different fields of biology such as botany , zoology , microbiology , genetics and evolutionary biology , and it is often difficult to classify a biologist as only one of them . Many jobs in biology as a field require an academic degree . A doctorate or its equivalent is generally required to direct independent research , and involves a specialization in a specific area of biology . Many biological scientists work in research and development . Some conduct fundamental research to advance our knowledge of living organisms , including bacteria and other pathogens . This research enhances understanding and adds to the scientific database of literature . Furthermore , it often aids the development of solutions to problems in areas such as human health and the natural environment . These biological scientists mostly work in government , university , and private industry laboratories . Many expand on specialized research that they started in post-graduate qualifications , such as a doctorate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e3b2b231956253177dfb35f44b2bcb2", "text": "Psychological Science in the Public Interest Psychological Science in the Public Interest is a triannual peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering issues in psychology of interest to the public at large . It is published by Sage Publications on behalf of the Association for Psychological Science . The editor-in-chief is Valerie F. Reyna ( Cornell University ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "339fd7b11fd5ef68922120ae6a931be9", "text": "Enhanced publication Enhanced publications or enhanced ebooks are a form of electronic publishing for the dissemination and sharing of research outcomes , whose first formal definition can be tracked back to 2009 . As many forms of digital publications , they typically feature a unique identifier ( possibly a persistent identifier ) and descriptive metadata information . Unlike traditional digital publications ( e.g. PDF article ) , enhanced publications are often tailored to serve specific scientific domains and are generally constituted by a set of interconnected parts corresponding to research assets of several kinds ( e.g. datasets , videos , images , stylesheets , services , workflows , databases , presentations ) and to textual descriptions of the research ( e.g. papers , chapters , sections , tables ) . The nature and format of such parts and of the relationships between them , depends on the application domain and may largely vary from case to case . The main motivations behind enhanced publications are to be found in the limitations of traditional scientific literature to describe the whole context and outcome of a research activity . Their goal is to move `` beyond the simple PDF '' ( FORCE11 initiative ) and support scientists with advanced ICT tools for sharing their research more comprehensively , without losing the narrative spirit of `` the publication '' as dissemination means . This trend is confirmed by the several enhanced publication systems devised in the literature , offering to research communities one or more of the following functionalities : Packaging of related research assets ; Web 2.0 reading capabilities ; Interlinking research outputs ; Re-production and assessment of scientific experiments .", "title": "" } ]	fever
df40f4823a40c1a6e42905cf97240765	Sam Worthington hasn't been in movies.	[ { "docid": "68074d92e7c38b88702e5bc986c4e002", "text": "Sam Worthington Samuel Henry John Worthington ( born 2 August 1976 ) is a British-born Australian actor . He played the main character role of Alex Mason in the Call of Duty : Black Ops series . He portrayed the protagonist Jake Sully in the 2009 film Avatar ; Marcus Wright in Terminator Salvation ; and Perseus in Clash of the Titans and its sequel , Wrath of the Titans ; before transitioning to more dramatic roles , in Everest ( 2015 ) and Hacksaw Ridge ( 2016 ) . In 2004 , Worthington received Australia 's highest film award for his lead role in Somersault . He performed predominantly in leading roles in a variety of low-budget films before moving to major studio films , ranging from romantic drama and comedy-drama to science fiction and action .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "465bef8042d2112c21339ceb858b0db3", "text": "Sam Groom Sam Groom ( born June 13 , 1938 in Columbus , Ohio ) is an actor most noted for his numerous roles on television . He portrayed the title role in the Canadian television series Dr. Simon Locke ( 1971 ) , later renamed Police Surgeon . Prior to that , he had played Dr. Russ Matthews in the daytime soap opera Another World ( 1966-1971 ) . He also played Hal Sterling , the father of a castaway family , on a little-known 1980s science fiction television series Otherworld . During the 1980s , Groom also was a spokesperson for American Motors , appearing in many commercials for the popular AMC Concord and AMC Eagle model lineups . He later played Joseph Orsini in the soap opera All My Children in 1993 . Groom made guest appearances in Law & Order , Murder , She Wrote , The Love Boat , Hill Street Blues , Quincy M.E. , Gunsmoke , The Feather and Father Gang , and The Time Tunnel as the inspiring young scientist named Jerry . In 1976 , he appeared both in an episode of Sara and in Territorial Men , a television movie version of the series . His film career included roles in Act One ( 1963 ) , The Baby Maker ( 1970 ) , Time Travelers ( 1976 ) , Run for the Roses ( 1977 ) , Institute for Revenge ( 1979 ) , Hanging by a Thread ( 1979 ) , The Day the Loving Stopped ( 1981 ) , Deadly Eyes ( 1982 ) , and as John F. Kennedy in the television miniseries Blood Feud ( 1983 ) . He has three children from his first marriage to Kathleen Sullivan ( 1962 - 1974 ) , Samuel ( born in 1962 ) , Patrick ( born in 1964 ) , and Christopher ( born in 1966 ) . Groom married actress Suzanne Rogers in 1980 . They divorced in 1982 . He currently teaches acting at HB Studio in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b626b10bd86c8949397395f921d5e2c6", "text": "Nicholas Worth Nicholas Worth ( September 4 , 1937 -- May 7 , 2007 ) was an American character actor who appeared on film , on TV , and in video-games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de1aef0ddbb4405e198e6455b69fea22", "text": "Without a Paddle Without a Paddle is a 2004 American comedy film directed by Steven Brill , written by Jay Leggett and Mitch Rouse , and based on a story by Harris Goldberg , Tom Nursall , and Fred Wolf . The film stars Seth Green , Matthew Lillard , and Dax Shepard as three reunited childhood friends going on a trip up a remote river in order to search for the loot of long-lost airplane hijacker D. B. Cooper . A direct-to-video sequel , entitled Without a Paddle : Nature 's Calling , was released in January 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08931a3823dd4048a181d7d1130379a", "text": "Kate Winslet filmography Kate Winslet is a British actress and singer who has appeared in numerous films and television series . Her film debut was as Juliet Hulme in the 1994 film Heavenly Creatures . She went on to appear in the later 1990s films Sense and Sensibility as Marianne Dashwood ( 1995 ) , which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , Jude as Sue Bridehead ( 1996 ) , Hamlet as Ophelia ( 1996 ) and Titanic as Rose DeWitt Bukater ( 1997 ) . For her role in Titanic , it earned her Best Actress nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award . In the 2000s , she was cast in Enigma with Dougray Scott ( 2001 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind with Jim Carrey ( 2004 ) , Finding Neverland with Johnny Depp ( 2004 ) , The Holiday with Jack Black ( 2006 ) , The Reader with David Kross ( 2008 ) and Revolutionary Road with Leonardo DiCaprio ( 2008 ) , her second collaboration with him , the first being in Titanic . She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Reader . She also lent her voice to the animated film Flushed Away in 2006 with Hugh Jackman . In 2011 , Winslet starred in the all-star cast films , in Contagion with Marion Cotillard , Matt Damon , Jude Law and Gwyneth Paltrow and in Carnage alongside Jodie Foster , Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly . In 2014 , she played Jeanine Matthews in the first film of the series , Divergent , based on the novel of the same name . She reprised the role in the 2015 sequel Insurgent . In 2015 , she starred in titular role in The Dressmaker and as an ex marketing chief of Apple Joanna Hoffman in a biopic Steve Jobs , earning her seventh Oscar nomination . Her television work includes appearing in several episodes of the series Dark Season in 1991 , and three episodes on Get Back from 1992 to 1993 . In 2005 , she appeared in an episode of Extras as herself and received her first Emmy nomination and went on to win one for her portrayal of Mildred Pierce Beragon in Todd Haynes 's 2011 miniseries Mildred Pierce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90f4b9512d7865859373110aa99ffe35", "text": "Dirty Deeds (2002 film) Dirty Deeds is a 2002 film shot in Australia . It was directed by noted fringe director David Caesar and stars Bryan Brown , Toni Collette , Sam Neill , Sam Worthington , John Goodman and Andrew Sommerich and produced by Nine Films and Television , the film and television production arm of the Nine Network , owned by PBL Media , now Nine Entertainment Co. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70547857d976e7a5dd6bbb5d028bfe09", "text": "The Damned United The Damned United is a 2009 British biographical sports drama film directed by Tom Hooper and adapted by Peter Morgan from David Peace 's bestselling novel The Damned Utd , a largely fictional book based on the author 's interpretation of Brian Clough 's ill-fated tenure as football manager of Leeds United in 1974 . It was produced by BBC Films and Left Bank Pictures with additional funding from Screen Yorkshire and Columbia Pictures . Sony Pictures Entertainment distributed the film . The film was originally proposed by Stephen Frears but he pulled out of the project in November 2007 . Hooper took his place and film was shot from May to July 2008 . The film marks the fifth collaboration between screenwriter Peter Morgan and actor Michael Sheen who plays Clough . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 27 March 2009 and in North America on 25 September . The film grossed $ 4.1 million worldwide against a $ 10 million production budget . The film received nominations for the British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actor , the ALFS Award for British Supporting Actor of the Year , the Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture , Drama and Best Actor in a Supporting Role and the Writers ' Guild of Great Britain Award for Best Feature Film Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c02b39c2d2d52f1c77b3221bfac15b4", "text": "Martin Worthington (academic) Martin Worthington is a British Academy Research Fellow in the Dept of Near and Middle East at SOAS , University of London , with his research focused on Babylonian poems from the first millennium BC . From 2006 to 2010 Worthington was a junior research fellow in Assyriology at St John 's College , Cambridge . In 2011 Worthington was awarded the Sir George Staunton Prize from the Royal Asiatic Society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b5909d535fdd2055f6cbb1d0b1ef214", "text": "Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation . Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress . In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama . Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "534200913c640631cf4048f9b013cfb1", "text": "Nigel Worthington Nigel Worthington ( born 4 November 1961 ) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who was most recently the manager of York City . He played a defender and a midfielder , playing his club football for Ballymena United , Notts County , Sheffield Wednesday , Leeds United , Stoke City and Blackpool . With Sheffield Wednesday he won the League Cup in 1991 . As an international player , he was capped 66 times for Northern Ireland , and appeared for them at the 1986 FIFA World Cup . Worthington began his managerial career as player-manager of Blackpool in 1997 before he took over as manager of Norwich City in 2000 . He guided Norwich into the Premier League in the 2003 -- 04 season as First Division title winners . He left just over two years afterwards , having failed to keep them in the top-flight in 2005 . He was briefly caretaker manager of Leicester City in 2007 prior to starting as manager of Northern Ireland , from which he stepped down in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa8684e628e7e3fe50fdb40a1d6b8c27", "text": "Comic Book: The Movie Comic Book : The Movie is a 2004 direct-to-DVD mockumentary starring and directed by Mark Hamill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e97c26ad093f65037394e694c4f5864a", "text": "Sam Raimi Samuel M `` Sam '' Raimi ( -LSB- ˈreɪmi -RSB- born October 23 , 1959 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor , famous for creating the cult horror Evil Dead series , as well as directing the original Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002 -- 07 ) and the 1990 superhero film Darkman . His most recent work is the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful . Raimi has also produced several successful television series and founded his own production company , Renaissance Pictures , in 1979 . Recently , he worked as the producer of The Possession , and the 2013 remake of Evil Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1844eb600006e67b1539fbc15f876256", "text": "Steve Purcell Steven Ross Purcell ( born 1961 ) is an American cartoonist , animator , director and game designer . He is most widely known as the creator of Sam & Max , an independent comic book series about a pair of anthropomorphic animal vigilantes and private investigators , for which Purcell received an Eisner Award in 2007 . Since being a comic , the series has grown to incorporate an animated television series and several video games . A graduate of the California College of Arts and Craft , Purcell began his career creating comic strips for the college newsletter . He performed freelance work for Marvel Comics and Fishwrap Productions before publishing his first Sam & Max comic in 1987 . Purcell was hired by LucasArts as an artist and animator in 1988 , working on several titles within the company 's adventure games era . Purcell collaborated with Nelvana to create a Sam & Max television series in 1997 , and briefly worked as an animator for Industrial Light & Magic after leaving LucasArts . He is currently employed in the story development department at Pixar . His main work for the animation studio has been with the 2006 film Cars , the 2012 film Brave and spin-off materials such as shorts and video games . Alongside his employment with Pixar , Purcell has continued to work with comic books and came together with Telltale Games in 2005 to bring about new series of Sam & Max video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7849f6e24971b6e805d04853df481b0b", "text": "Doctor Dolittle (film) Doctor Dolittle is a 1967 American musical film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Rex Harrison , Samantha Eggar , Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough . It was adapted by Leslie Bricusse from the novel series by Hugh Lofting . It primarily fuses three of the books The Story of Doctor Dolittle , The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle , and Doctor Dolittle 's Circus . The film had a notoriously protracted production with numerous setbacks along the way such as complications from poorly chosen shooting locations and the numerous technical difficulties inherent with the large number of animals required for the story . The film exceeded its original budget of $ 6 million by three times , and recouped $ 9 million upon release in 1967 , earning only $ 6.2 million in theatrical rentals . The film received mixed to negative critical reviews , but through the studio 's intense lobbying , was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and won awards for Best Original Song and Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99d9c67bcb027aeb51ec767b8ca64461", "text": "Everybody's Fine (2009 film) Everybody 's Fine is a 2009 American drama film written and directed by Kirk Jones , and starring Robert De Niro , Drew Barrymore , Sam Rockwell and Kate Beckinsale . It is a remake of the Giuseppe Tornatore 's Italian film Everybody 's Fine . In Brazil , Russia and Japan , the film was released direct-to-DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3c673983155274d991e48586ab93d5", "text": "List of accolades received by Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher , and produced by Leslie Dixon , Bruna Papandrea , Arnon Milchan , Reese Witherspoon , Ceán Chaffin , and Joshua Donen . The screenplay was adapted by Gillian Flynn from her eponymous 2012 novel . Set in Missouri , United States , the film stars Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne , a writer who becomes the prime suspect in the mysterious disappearance of his wife Amy , played by Rosamund Pike . Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry feature in supporting roles . The score was composed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross . Gone Girl premiered at the New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before 20th Century Fox gave the film a wide release at over 3,000 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 3 . It grossed over $ 368 million on a production budget of $ 61 million . As of June 2016 , Gone Girl is Fincher 's highest-grossing film . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 295 reviews and judged 88 % to be positive . Gone Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , Pike 's lead acting performance , Flynn 's screenplay , and its score . At the 87th Academy Awards , Pike received a nomination for Best Actress . The film received four nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards : Best Director for Fincher , Best Actress in a Drama for Pike , Best Screenplay for Flynn , and Best Original Score . Pike won the Empire Award for Best Actress , and garnered nominations in the same category at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and 68th British Academy Film Awards ( BAFTAs ) . She also received the Breakthrough Performance Award from the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Flynn was nominated at the BAFTAs , as well as the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c54d8936159a93e208d88336af8ae134", "text": "Silent Sam (comics) Silent Sam ( Adamson ) is a Swedish pantomime comic , created by Oscar Jacobsson ( 1889-1945 ) in 1920 . It has also been published under the name Adamson 's Adventures .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8c289dc6a31fd18557715313d937b6dd	Australia did not have a penal colony.	[ { "docid": "43570035e1453d670a0cbd027e319096", "text": "Australia Australia ( -LSB- əˈstreɪliə -RSB- , -LSB- ɒ - -RSB- , -LSB- - ljə -RSB- ) , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands . It is the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea , Indonesia and East Timor to the north ; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east ; and New Zealand to the south-east . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest urban area is Sydney . For about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century , Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians , who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups . After the European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states and several territories . The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia has the world 's 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income ( IMF ) . With the second-highest human development index globally , the country ranks highly in quality of life , health , education , economic freedom , and civil liberties and political rights . Australia is a member of the United Nations , G20 , Commonwealth of Nations , ANZUS , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , World Trade Organization , Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation , and the Pacific Islands Forum .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "50efea90d09f2056ace3c9d75becfdfb", "text": "Migration Act 1958 The Migration Act 1958 is an Act of the Parliament of Australia . Its long title is `` An Act relating to the entry into , and presence in , Australia of aliens , and the departure or deportation from Australia of aliens and certain other persons . '' The Migration Act 1958 is the current legislation governing immigration to Australia , and has been amended a number of times . The 1958 Act replaced the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 which had formed the basis of the White Australia policy , and abolished the dictation test and replaced it with a universal visa system ( or entry permits ) , and removed many of the other restrictions in the 1901 Act .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d5310f50c1b43c61038a70952fa7ba5", "text": "Coat of arms of Sydney The Corporate Logo of the City of Sydney was adopted by the City Council in 1996 . It includes a graphic artist 's `` version '' of parts of the actual arms . The blue shield features a crown and anchor , symbols which have long been the working images for Sydney . The white anchor represents Sydney as a port city on Sydney Harbour and the discovery of Australia by a naval officer . The gold masoned mural crown , common in many Commonwealth municipal arms , denotes the power and authority of a city . The upper division of the shield features simplified versions of the three emblems in the upper part of the previous coat of arms , which together represent the naming of Sydney , the British contribution to Sydney 's establishment and Sydney 's emergence as a port city . The leftmost , with three white shells and a blue chevron on a gold background , is based on part of the arms of the man for whom the city was named , Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Townshend played an important role as Principal Under-Secretary of State when Sydney was founded in 1788 . The central emblem , a blue cross on white overlaid with a yellow circle , was originally the red cross of the flag of England , which is also a significant feature of British Naval Flag , acknowledging the contribution of Captain Arthur Phillip . The yellow circle represents the globe which was a principal feature of the arms granted posthumously to Captain James Cook , the naval officer who discovered the east coast of Australia . The top right emblem , containing three white lion heads and a blue chevron with a curved upper edge , is based on the arms of the first Lord Mayor of Sydney , Thomas Hughes , who first suggested that the city obtain a grant of arms . The shield is supported by a serpent and a coiled rope . The serpent , in blue with white and gold markings , represents the Rainbow Serpent , a creator-being said to have formed the landscape in the Dreamtime as it travelled through the country . Its markings are based on those used by the Eora people , who lived in the area on which Sydney was founded . The rope continues the maritime imagery , and symbolises the diverse origins of the people of Sydney . The rope and serpent are intertwined , representing cultural harmony . The crest is a six-pointed star or `` Mullet of six points '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0f92c4ecbc52fe68e5d383b7a205b2a", "text": "European Australians European Australians , or White Australians , are citizens or residents of Australia whose ancestry originates from the peoples of Europe and the Caucasus . Since the early 19th century , people of European descent have formed the vast majority of the population in Australia . The majority of European Australians are of British Isles -- English , Irish , Scottish , Welsh or Cornish ( Anglo-Celtic ) -- ancestral origin . In 2010 , it was estimated that around 74 % of the Australian population were Anglo-Celtic Australians . Other significant ancestries include Italian , German , Greek , Dutch , New Zealanders ( European New Zealanders ) , Polish , Maltese and Croatian . Today , Australians of British and other European ancestries are the dominant majority in Australia , estimated at 92 % of the total population . Historically , European immigrants had great influence over Australian history and society , which resulted in the perception of Australia as a European country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "467b8cd705280df6c7db1957999a666b", "text": "Section 117 of the Constitution of Australia Section 117 of the Constitution of Australia provides protection against discrimination on the basis of State of residence . Historically , section 117 had been read down by the High Court so as to be devoid of any real meaning . For example , in 1904 it was found that discrimination in favour of people who are `` residents of and domiciled in Western Australia '' was permissible , as the Constitution only prohibited discrimination on the basis of a person 's State of residence , not their State of domicile . In the 1989 landmark case Street v Queensland Bar Association , the modern approach to interpretation was developed . The court held that the purpose of the section was national unity , and consequentially , residence should be given a broader meaning . In addition , the court overruled a case in which the historical approach was used . In reaching its conclusion , each of the seven Justices issued a separate opinion . Combining this with the fact that there is little case law referencing section 117 , there remains significant debate over the nature and extent of the right contained within it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c0f2ecd76d1b065ae7de5f7e6af4c48", "text": "Old Parliament House, Canberra Old Parliament House , known formerly as the Provisional Parliament House , was the seat of the Parliament of Australia from 1927 to 1988 . The building began operation on 9 May 1927 after Parliament 's relocation from Melbourne to the new capital , Canberra . In 1988 , the Commonwealth Parliament transferred to the new Parliament House on Capital Hill . It also serves as a venue for temporary exhibitions , lectures and concerts . On 2 May 2008 it was made an Executive Agency of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet . On 9 May 2009 , the Executive Agency was renamed the Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House , reporting to the Special Minister of State . Designed by John Smith Murdoch and a team of assistants from the Department of Works and Railways , the building was intended to be neither temporary nor permanent -- only to be a `` provisional '' building that would serve the needs of Parliament for a maximum of 50 years . The design extended from the building to include its gardens , décor and furnishings . The building is in the Simplified or `` Stripped '' Classical Style , commonly used for Australian government buildings constructed in Canberra during the 1920s and 1930s . It does not include such classical architectural elements as columns , entablatures or pediments , but does have the orderliness and symmetry associated with neoclassical architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de18b0889f1e1c305f5c85d594a9a448", "text": "Racial violence in Australia Various examples of violence have been attributed to racial factors during the recorded history of Australia since white settlement , and a level of intertribal rivalry and violence among Indigenous Australians pre-dates the arrival of white settlers from Britain in 1788 . During the period of British colonisation , various incidents of inter-racial tension and competition for land and resources between Europeans and Indigenous peoples involved violence , becoming a factor in the decline of indigenous populations during the 19th century . Incidents of racial violence between settler communities followed the large scale multi-ethnic immigration of the Australian goldrushes of the mid-19th century - notably white miners targeting Chinese miners - which contributed to the development of the White Australia Policy which preferenced British and `` white '' immigration to Australia for some decades . The policy resulted in a largely racially homogenous population by the mid-20th century . Australia 's large scale , Post-World War Two , multi-ethnic immigration program has seen Australia develop into one of the most ethnically diverse nations , with relatively little racial violence , and in which incitement to racial violence is a crime . Nevertheless , incidents and examples of violence between the various ethnicities of modern Australia have continued to be attributed to racial motivations up to the present time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcb69abe42048fa50d87cdbf7f3b330", "text": "Australian Aborigines' League The Australian Aborigines ' League was established in Melbourne , Australia , in 1934 by William Cooper and others , including Margaret Tucker , Eric Onus , Anna and Caleb Morgan , and Shadrach James . In a Letter to the Editor of the West Australian , the Hon. Secretary of the Australian Aborigines League , William Cooper wrote that , `` The plea of our league is `` a fair deal for the dark race . '' An early initiative by the League was to petition King George V for Indigenous Australians to be represented in the Australian Parliament , among other requests . 1,814 signatures were collected on the petition , although it was reported that William Cooper believed many Aboriginal people living on missions were too afraid to add their signature . In 1938 it joined the New South Wales based Aborigines Progressive Association in staging a Day of Mourning on Australia Day ( 26 January ) in Sydney to draw attention to the treatment of Aborigines and to demand full citizenship and equal rights . Mr. W. Ferguson , organising secretary of the Aborigines ' Progressive Association of New South Wales , said of the planned national day of mourning : `` The aborigines do not want protection ... We have been protected for 150 years , and look what has become of us . Scientists have studied us and written books about us as though we were some strange curiosities , but they have not prevented us from contracting tuberculosis and other diseases , which have wiped us out in thousands . '' On 6 December 1938 , following the Kristallnacht pogrom in Germany , a delegation of League members , led by Cooper , went to the German Consulate in Melbourne with a petition protesting against the `` cruel persecution of the Jewish people by the Nazi government of Germany '' . The League was less active after Cooper 's death in 1941 but was revived after the Second World War by Douglas Nicholls and by Eric and Bill Onus . In the 1960s it became the Victorian branch of the Aborigines Advancement League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c84f749f1c5f716815c7ce77d195542b", "text": "Temperance movement in Australia The Temperance movement in Australia was a movement that aimed to curb the drinking of alcohol . It had some success in the early twentieth century although from the Second World War its influence declined . In Australia , the temperance movement began in the mid-1830s , promoting moderation rather than abstinence . The Independent Order of Rechabites was active in promoting temperance in Australia from the 1870s and in Sydney , the Australian Home Companion and Band of Hope Journal was published between 1856 and 1861 . In the 1880s , a significant number of hotels around the country were built as or converted to coffee palaces , where no alcohol would be served . With the waning of the influence of the temperance movement , most of these hotels either applied for liquor licenses or were demolished . In the mid-1880s the US-based Woman 's Christian Temperance Union , a more successful abstinence-oriented movement , set up a branch in Australia . The inaugural President of the federated Australasian Woman 's Christian Temperance Union ( WCTU ) was Jessie Ackermann , who visited the country in 1889 , 1891 and 1894 . However , the movement failed to bring about prohibition , as happened in the United States , despite a long campaign for a local option . Both the Woman 's Christian Temperance Union and the Rechabites achieved a major success when during World War I they were successful in bringing in mandatory closure of hotel bars and public houses at 6 pm , from the previous norm of 11 or 11.30 pm . The first state to introduce early closing was South Australia in 1916 as a war austerity measure . New South Wales , Victoria and Tasmania followed in the same year , as did New Zealand in 1917 . Western Australia adopted a 9pm closing time , but Queensland retained the old closing times until it introduced eight o'clock closing in 1923 . Alcohol was originally banned in Canberra but was made legal again following a plebiscite in 1928 . Six o'clock closing was considered a failure as it did not curb alcohol consumption and led to the notorious six o'clock swill where customers would rush to drinking establishments after work and consume alcohol heavily and rapidly in anticipation of the 6 o'clock closing . Early hotel closing times began being wound back from the 1930s , with the last Australian state , South Australia , doing so in 1967 . A legacy of the temperance movement are Melbourne 's `` dry areas '' where residents must vote to approve liquor licences in the area . These areas are small pocket of about a dozen suburbs in the eastern suburbs , which are subject to such severe restrictions on the issuing of liquor licences that they are without any pubs and limited other licensed venues . In the 1920s , local opinion polls were taken and residents of these areas voted for the creation of a dry area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9487bfb9d69dcc87765744701f51cd08", "text": "Australian English vocabulary Australian English is a major variety of the English language spoken throughout Australia . Most of the vocabulary of Australian English is shared with British English , though there are notable differences . The vocabulary of Australia is drawn from many sources , including various dialects of British English as well as Gaelic languages , some Indigenous Australian languages , and Polynesian languages . One of the first dictionaries of Australian slang was Karl Lentzner 's Dictionary of the Slang-English of Australia and of Some Mixed Languages in 1892 . The first dictionary based on historical principles that covered Australian English was E. E. Morris 's Austral English : A Dictionary of Australasian Words , Phrases and Usages ( 1898 ) . In 1981 , the more comprehensive Macquarie Dictionary of Australian English was published . Oxford University Press published their own Australian Oxford Dictionary in 1999 , as a joint effort with the Australian National University . Oxford University Press also published The Australian National Dictionary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e3023260513f9eb0f8d42f8d8e582d", "text": "Colonization Colonization ( or colonisation ) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components . The term is derived from the Latin word colere , which means `` to inhabit '' . Also , colonization refers strictly to migration , for example , to settler colonies in America or Australia , trading posts , and plantations , while colonialism deals with this , along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled `` new territories '' . Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world . In many settled colonies , Western European settlers formed a large majority of the population . Examples include the Americas , Australia and New Zealand . These colonies were occasionally called ` neo-Europes ' . In other places , Western European settlers formed minority groups , who were often dominant in their places of settlement . When Britain started to settle Australia , New Zealand and various other smaller islands , they often regarded the landmasses as terra nullius . Terra nullius meaning 'em pty land ' in Latin . Due to the absence of European farming techniques , the land was deemed unaltered by man and therefore treated as uninhabited , despite the presence of indigenous populations . In the 19th century , laws and ideas such as Mexico 's General Colonization Law and the United States ' Manifest destiny encouraged further colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e14a8e815247738da54d0f52d2822cd0", "text": "Australian referendum, 1977 The 1977 Australian Referendum was held on 21 May 1977 . It contained four referendum questions and one non-binding plebiscite . This referendum had a particularly strong `` Yes '' vote . All but one of the referendum questions was carried , and the only one to not be carried had a clear national majority , but was held back by not achieving a majority of the states . No referendum since then has been successful . The four referendum questions were only voted on in the states ; voters in the territories only gained the right to vote on constitutional changes as a result of the Referendums amendment passing . Voters in the territories , however , were able to vote on the plebiscite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44e5c886328a26bc9d4fc1d486527ba4", "text": "Western Australian state election, 1911 Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 3 October 1911 to elect 50 members to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly . The Labor Party , led by Opposition Leader John Scaddan , defeated the conservative Ministerialist government led by Premier Frank Wilson . In doing so , Scaddan achieved both Labor 's first absolute majority on the floor of the Assembly with 68 % of the seats ( 34 of 50 ) won , and its largest to date . The result came as something of a surprise to many commentators and particularly to the Ministerialists , as they went to an election for the first time as a single grouping backed by John Forrest 's Western Australian Liberal League , under a new system of compulsory preferential voting and new electoral boundaries both of which had been passed by Parliament earlier in the year despite ardent Labor opposition . The 1911 election is considered by political historians such as Brian de Garis and David Black to mark the end of the first phase of the development of party politics in Western Australia , which had begun with the granting of responsible government to the then British colony in 1890 . Labor held onto government with a one-seat majority in the following 1914 election but lost power in 1916 after losing a by-election and after another member left the Labor Party to sit as an Independent . The Scaddan government was characterised by its involvement in a number of State-owned manufacturing and service businesses on the back of a relatively sluggish economy . The Government Trading Concerns Act 1912 saw it establishing and running the State Brickworks , the State Saw Mills , the State Implement Works , the State Shipping Service , the State Hotels , the State Quarry at Boya as well as meatworks , ferries and tramways .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffe1b9af533c2d30c6a6a1ab032effcc", "text": "German settlement in Australia German settlement in Australia began in large numbers in 1838 , with the arrival of immigrants from Prussia to Adelaide , South Australia . German immigrants became prominent in settling South Australia and Queensland . From 1850 until World War I , German settlers and their descendants comprised the largest non-British or Irish group of Europeans in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc5ee4c572fcb0c1d643d2dce54774c2", "text": "Convict women in Australia Convict women in Australia were British prisoners whom the government increasingly sent out during the era of transportation ( 1787-1868 ) in order to develop the penal outpost of New South Wales ( now a state of Australia ) into a viable colony . These women faced extreme difficulty in achieving freedom , solvency and respectability . They would be employed in ` factories ' ( equivalent of the English workhouse ) but often had to find their own accommodation , and would be under great pressure to pay for it with sexual services . In this way , all the women convicts tended to be regarded as prostitutes . But it is a popular misconception that they had originally been convicted of prostitution , as this was not a transportable offence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bf2ea1c17433e5d273dcac88a4dd8e2", "text": "Geelong Geelong ( -LSB- dʒᵻˈlɒŋ -RSB- ) is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River , in the state of Victoria , Australia , 75 km south-west of the state capital , Melbourne . It is the second largest Victorian city , with an estimated urban population of 191,440 as at June 2016 , having grown 2.1 percent since June 2015 . Geelong runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south , with Corio Bay to the east and hills to the west . Geelong is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality , which covers urban , rural and coastal areas surrounding the city , including the Bellarine Peninsula . Geelong City is also known as the ` Gateway City ' due to its central location to surrounding Victorian regional centres like Ballarat in the north west , Torquay , Great Ocean Road and Warrnambool in the southwest , Hamilton , Colac and Winchelsea to the west , and the state capital of Melbourne in the north east . Geelong was named in 1827 , with the name derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region , Djillong , thought to mean `` land '' or `` cliffs '' . The area was first surveyed in 1838 , three weeks after Melbourne . The post office was open by June 1840 ( the second to open in the Port Phillip District ) . The first woolstore was erected in this period and it became the port for the wool industry of the Western District . During the gold rush , Geelong experienced a brief boom as the main port to the rich goldfields of the Ballarat district . The city then diversified into manufacturing , and during the 1860s , it became one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills , ropeworks , and paper mills . It was proclaimed a city in 1910 , with industrial growth from this time until the 1960s establishing the city as a manufacturing centre for the state , and the population grew to over 100,000 by the mid-1960s . During the city 's early years , an inhabitant of Geelong was often known as a Geelongite , or a Pivotonian , derived from the city 's nickname of `` The Pivot '' , referencing the city 's role as a shipping and rail hub for the area . Population increases over the last decade were due to growth in service industries , as the manufacturing sector has declined . Redevelopment of the inner city has occurred since the 1990s , as well as gentrification of inner suburbs , and currently has a population growth rate higher than the national average . It is known for being home to the Geelong Football Club , the second oldest club in the Australian Football League . Today , Geelong stands as an emerging health , education and advanced manufacturing hub . The city 's economy is shifting quickly and despite experiencing the drawbacks of losing much of its heavy manufacturing , it is seeing much growth in other sectors , positioning itself as one of the leading non-capital Australian cities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eff29fae5bdf194cd9d63037ee37d05", "text": "Civil disturbances in Western Australia This is a list of civil disturbances in Western Australia . Some of the civil disturbances in this list are considered to be race riots , prison riots , and religious conflicts -- often Protestant versus Catholic groups . The earliest civil disturbances were actions by the local indigenous population dealing with European settlers . Demonstrations and Protests are linked to a range of issues over time . In the convict era , there were collective actions by convicts . Organised labour had to deal with issues on the Goldfields in the 1890s and 1900s with demonstrations and protest actions , while in Perth these occurred in the 1960s and 1970s over war and race issues . There are some incidents in the 19th century where the causes are less clear . A restricted press and limited means of some groups to gain avenues to express their grievances in a dominated society , means that some disturbances were suppressed literally and disguised in the public record . In some cases some smaller disturbances ( alcohol-related fights ) in the Goldfields ( Kalgoorlie , Boulder and Coolgardie for instance ) would not be considered full-scale riots , but nonetheless the charges found either in newspaper or police records would suggest a significance beyond a simple incidence of drunken behaviour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce97eb1ac8134f2087bee14be8901b6", "text": "South Australia–Victoria border dispute The border between the Australian state of South Australia and what is today the State of Victoria was established in 1836 by imperial letters patent `` as the 141st degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich '' . In 1836 the land we now call Victoria was part of the colony of New South Wales , so the original Victorian border was actually drawn between the colonies of South Australia and New South Wales . Due to human error by numerous explorers and surveyors , it took more than 75 years and a protracted legal dispute before the precise placement of the border was settled , resulting in the forfeiture of more than 500 sqmi of territory from South Australia to Victoria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9193c1145d3392c90a2a48ace0e843b2", "text": "Monarchy of Australia The monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary king or queen serves as the nation 's sovereign . Australia is governed under a form of constitutional monarchy , largely modelled on the Westminster system of parliamentary government , while incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia . The present monarch is Elizabeth II , styled Queen of Australia , who has reigned since 6 February 1952 . She is represented in Australia by the Governor-General , in accordance with the Australian Constitution and letters patent from the Queen . In each of the states , the monarch is represented by a governor , appointed directly by the Queen on the advice of each of her respective state governments . The Australian monarch , besides reigning in Australia , separately serves as monarch for each of 15 other Commonwealth nations known as realms . This developed from the former colonial relationship between these countries and the United Kingdom , but they are now independent of each other and are legally distinct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e907392a67c5c3467c07050fa2945c07", "text": "Colony of New South Wales The colony of New South Wales was a colony of the British Empire from 1788 to 1901 , when it became a State in the federal Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901 . At its greatest extent , the colony of New South Wales included the present-day Australian states of New South Wales , Queensland , Victoria , Tasmania , and South Australia , as well as New Zealand . The first `` responsible '' self-government of New South Wales was formed on 6 June 1856 with Sir Stuart Alexander Donaldson appointed by Governor Sir William Denison as its first Colonial Secretary which in those days accounted also as the Premier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a0ec35191416ba3faa3696548b34dc5", "text": "Squatting (pastoral) In Australian history , a squatter was typically a man , either a free settler or ex-convict , who occupied a large tract of Crown land in order to graze livestock . Initially often having no legal rights to the land , they gained its usage by being the first ( and often the only ) Europeans in the area . Eventually , the term Squattocracy , a play on `` aristocracy '' , developed to refer to some of these squatters .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f76bd57768cb5c4bc0998004f454819a	KFC expanded internationally.	[ { "docid": "f5884f27887d9c4902675313a552cd77", "text": "KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken , more commonly known by its initials KFC , is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken . Headquartered in Louisville , Kentucky , it is the world 's second-largest restaurant chain ( as measured by sales ) after McDonald 's , with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories . The chain is a subsidiary of Yum ! Brands , a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains . KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders , an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin , Kentucky during the Great Depression . Sanders identified the potential of the restaurant franchising concept , and the first `` Kentucky Fried Chicken '' franchise opened in Utah in 1952 . KFC popularized chicken in the fast food industry , diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the hamburger . By branding himself as `` Colonel Sanders '' , Harland became a prominent figure of American cultural history , and his image remains widely used in KFC advertising . However , the company 's rapid expansion overwhelmed the aging Sanders and he sold it to a group of investors led by John Y. Brown Jr. and Jack C. Massey in 1964 . KFC was one of the first American fast food chains to expand internationally , opening outlets in Canada , the United Kingdom , Mexico , and Jamaica by the mid-1960s . Throughout the 1970s and 1980s , it experienced mixed fortunes domestically , as it went through a series of changes in corporate ownership with little or no experience in the restaurant business . In the early-1970s , KFC was sold to the spirits distributor Heublein , which was taken over by the R.J. Reynolds food and tobacco conglomerate ; that company sold the chain to PepsiCo . The chain continued to expand overseas , however , and in 1987 , it became the first Western restaurant chain to open in China . It has since expanded rapidly in China , which is now the company 's single largest market . PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants , which later changed its name to Yum ! Brands . KFC 's original product is pressure fried chicken pieces , seasoned with Sanders ' recipe of 11 herbs and spices . The constituents of the recipe represent a notable trade secret . Larger portions of fried chicken are served in a cardboard `` bucket '' , which has become a well known feature of the chain since it was first introduced by franchisee Pete Harman in 1957 . Since the early 1990s , KFC has expanded its menu to offer other chicken products such as chicken fillet burgers and wraps , as well as salads and side dishes , such as French fries and coleslaw , desserts , and soft drinks , the latter often supplied by PepsiCo . KFC is known for its slogans `` Finger Lickin ' Good '' , `` Nobody does chicken like KFC '' and `` So good '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "be7ab209335f00016baf14d9b0fd6e44", "text": "Kemin Industries Kemin Industries is a privately held , family-owned and operated global nutritional ingredient company headquartered in Des Moines , Iowa , USA . Dr. Chris Nelson is the President and CEO . Kemin uses applied science to provide products and services that help improve the quality , safety and efficacy of food , feed and health-related products . As a global company , Kemin strives to improve the quality of life by touching half of the people of the world each day with its products and services . Kemin maintains top-of-the-line manufacturing facilities where over 500 specialty ingredients are made for humans and animals in the global feed and food industries , as well as the health , nutrition and beauty markets . The company provides product solutions and options to customers in more than 120 countries . Kemin has more than 2,000 global employees and operates in 90 countries including manufacturing facilities in Belgium , Brazil , China , India , Italy , Russia , Singapore , South Africa and the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a91953053a98b74bab06df3fd393fd0", "text": "Prachai Leophai-ratana Prachai Leophairatana is a former Senator and a Thai businessman who founded Thai Petrochemical Industry ( TPI ) . Prachai founded Thai Petrochemical Industry in 1978 , based on companies his grandfather founded during World War II . Thai Petrochemical Industry ( TPI ) group begun in rice milling , and had extended to gunnysacks , textiles , and insurance in the second generation . In 1979 , the group consisted of nineteen firms still based mainly in agriculture-related sectors . The patriarch of this second generation , Pornchai Leophairatana , sent his sons to the USA to study accounting , economics , and engineering . Returning to Thailand in the era when the economy was shifting decisively towards industry using newly found supplies of natural gas , Prachai Leophairatana and his five siblings launched the firm into cement and petrochemicals . In the 1990s , Prachai expanded TPI with massive offshore loans to take advantage of the then vast interest rate gap between the Thai baht and US dollar . Unfortunately , most of the loans were not hedged because , as Prachai put it , `` the Thai government had pledged the baht peg would be defended '' . The peg was around 25 baht to the US dollar . By the mid-1990s , the number of firms had expanded to forty-four , total revenues had multiplied twenty-five times . TPl had risen rapidly to second rank in the cement market , behind the venerable Siam Cement . It had also become a major player in the booming petrochemicals industry . By 1994 , it had become Southeast Asia 's first fully integrated petrochemical company . TPI invested in a wharf and handling facilities on Thailand 's eastern seaboard , built a 100-megawatt power plant , and even owned a cement company and opened its own gas stations . TPI has capability if unconstrained by lenders and their appointed planners to produce an overall gross margin that ranks in the top third to one half versus the major petrochemical complexes in the world , including , e.g. , ExxonMobil Singapore , ExxonMobil Baytown , BP Grangemouth , Dow Terneuzen , Shell Mordijk , Samsung , Hanwha and Hyundai Korea , Dow Petronas Optimal Kertih , The Petrochemical Corporation of Singapore PCS ) and downstream complex , Shell CNOOC Nanhai ( Huizhou , Guangzhou ) and so on . The facility is integrated from crude oil / condensate to plastic resin , has multiple power and cogeneration units and uses adequate if not leading edge technologies for refinery , lube base oil , olefins , polyolefins , ABS , styrene , and polystyrene ; it is one of the largest single site polypropylene producers in Asia and the world . The baht , however , proved vulnerable . Under significant speculative attacks , its defences crumbled . The Thai currency was floated on July 2 1997 . By January 1998 , the baht exchange rate had shot up to 56 to the US dollar . With TPI 's total loans reaching US$ 3.8 billion , its creditors - led by Bangkok Bank - decided to get tough . In early 2000 , Thailand 's bankruptcy court approved the creditors ' debt restructuring plan and appointed Australia-based Effective Planners as the plan administrator . The plan called for a debt-to-equity swap of US$ 756 million and the sale of non-core assets to raise US$ 200 million.Many thought that would spell the end of Prachai , who had effectively turned one of the region 's largest petrochemical complexes into Thailand 's biggest corporate debtor . But it did n't . Prachai refused to budge . He stayed on as TPI 's chief executive and , for a while , even reported for work every morning . He also besieged the court by filing more than 35 different legal challenges against the plan and Effective Planners . The latter had to spend millions of dollars to fend off litigation . Although most of the lawsuits were dismissed , Prachai has always maintained he was not fighting for himself but for TPI and its workers . Many observers , though , feel the workout plan , which slashed the Leophairatana family 's stake in the company to 15 % from 60 % , left the 58-year-old entrepreneur feeling embittered . Prachai 's persistence , however , seems to have paid off . On April 21 2003 , he scored an important victory in the bankruptcy court . On that fateful day , to the shock of the Thai and foreign legal communities , the court ordered the removal of Effective Planners as TPI 's plan administrator and appointed Prachai as a temporary replacement instead . In response , the creditors suspended US$ 80 million in working capital facilities vital to TPI . Just a few days prior to the April 21 judgment , the creditors had declared support for Effective Planners , even though , as Prachai pointed out later , it had failed to meet most of the targets outlined in the debt rehabilitation plan . Effective Planners was expected to incur expenses not exceeding 640 million baht in the 2001-02 fiscal year ( April 1 2001 to March 31 2002 ) , but as Prachai told the court , the sum was closer to 1.57 billion baht . Also , under the plan the company 's oil refining capacity was targeted to hit 125,000 barrels per day by the end of the fiscal year . But by the start of April 2002 , the TPI refinery was only churning out 82,000 barrels per day . The court rejected Effective Planners ' defence that the operating environment for TPI had worsened considerably following the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks in the US . Instead , in a highly unusual move , it recommended that the debtor side be adequately represented on a new steering committee . The Thai government stepped in by saying it would help mediate in the matter and proposed the appointment of a chairperson acceptable to both sides to lead the new steering committee consisting of seven representatives each from the creditors and the debtor side . `` The Thai bankruptcy law is very clear . On the control of reorganization , creditors have final say ... . The debtor has to be cooperative , and really has a minimal role to play , '' says Kowit Somwaiya , partner at Herbert Smith in Thailand . But Kowit says it was within the discretion of the court to recommend a joint panel consisting of representatives of both sides . `` Someone is needed who can bring both sides half way , someone Khun Prachai can trust . '' Creditors had conceded to allow one Prachai representative and one government representative to sit on the new steering panel , which would otherwise consist only of the members of Thai Administrators Ltd ( TAL ) The June 13 judgment appointing the Finance Ministry as TPI 's debt administrator is seen as limiting creditors ' future course of action . TAL was seen as the best hope for creditors as it consists of formidable members of Thailand 's business and legal community . Proposed by creditors as the debt plan administrator , TAL was rejected outright by Prachai . And in its June 13 ruling , the court said TAL 's plan appeared to be inadequate for creating the cash flow needed to service TPI 's huge debt . The company is obliged to make interest payments of around US$ 8.5 million every month . The court , it seems , has transferred the burden of responsibility onto the shoulders of the state . `` We had proposed to mediate in setting up a joint panel which would appoint financial advisors to conduct due diligence so that a -LSB- new -RSB- debt restructuring plan could be proposed , '' said Kitti Limsakul , an advisor to Thailand 's finance minister , before the June 13 ruling . `` But we respect the right of the creditors . '' Kitti said the government would not act unless directed by the court . In what would be a clear sign of things to come , the court had already signalled its approval of a government role in the crisis . Judge Kamol Teeravetponkul of the Central Bankruptcy Court on May 21 2003 said that the businesses run by TPI were too big to be nursed back to health by the private sector . `` The appointment of a tripartite debt administration team as suggested by the government is good solution , '' Reuters News Agency quoted Kamol as saying . Two weeks earlier , Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra himself proposed that a third party be appointed to mediate in the matter . It was Kamol who delivered the June 13 ruling . By and large financial experts have given a thumbs down to what they see as intervention by the state . `` It seems the prime minister is getting involved in a micro level . This is a step backward , '' said a Hong Kong-based credit analyst at a European Bank . The analyst , like his many of colleagues in the industry based outside Bangkok , see the resolution of the TPI case as a litmus test for the restructuring of billions of dollars worth of Thai corporate debt and crucial to Thailand 's ability to attract and retain foreign investment . Observers , based in the Thai capital , however , are more tempered . `` The TPI case is very unique , '' Kowit explains . `` First the amount involved , US$ 3.8 billion , is huge . Second , the company 's labour union -LSB- who have mostly supported Prachai -RSB- is very strong . And lastly , the creditor side involves some of the largest domestic and foreign institutions . '' Kowit also says many in Thailand were surprised that the rehabilitation plan did not permit any haircuts and that the creditors could take 75 % equity in the company through conversion of accrued interest of US$ 756 million in only three years.Prachai has repeatedly accused the lenders of not paying enough attention to the long-term viability of the company and focusing primarily on maximizing short-term returns . Speaking after the June 13 judgment , Kitti Limsakul , the advisor to Thailand 's finance minister , told Dow Jones Newswires that an earlier proposal to set up for a 15-member tripartite debt administration team consisting of seven members each from the creditor and debtor side , headed by a mediator from the government had been modified . Now , the Finance Ministry is willing to permit unequal representation of the two sides , depending on who is suitable . With the 2005 ruling , Prachai was forced to sell his and his family 's stock at 70 % below the market price at 3.30 baht per share to the recently privatized petroleum corporation PTT . Subsequently Prachai and his siblings were ejected from the board , and was replaced by the board assigned by PTT public company limited of whom were close allies of Thaksin Shinawatra . Prachai Leophairatana and his family were able to retain a small portion of their wealth , and now are the board members of the TPI Polene Public company limited , which recently was just released from rehabilitation plan on Tuesday , 11 April 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b0d8e857f60f05e3b5e92e497536203", "text": "Kenco Kenco is a brand of instant coffee , and roast and ground coffee , distributed by Jacobs Douwe Egberts in the United Kingdom and Ireland . Originally known as the Kenya Coffee Company , they started distributing coffee to Britain in 1923 . Shortly after , they opened a coffee shop in Sloane Square and then changed their name to Kenco in 1962 . In 2008 the brand was relaunched with 75 % of the beans for its instant range being sourced from Rainforest Alliance certified farms . The company sources their coffee beans from Brazil , Costa Rica , Colombia , Peru , Ethiopia , Vietnam and Indonesia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f862db2271d58e90f7535e42abcebf7", "text": "McCain Foods McCain Foods Limited is a Canadian multi-national privately owned company that was established in 1957 in Florenceville , New Brunswick , Canada . It is one of the world 's largest manufacturer of frozen French fries and other potato specialties . It is also held as one of Canada 's best managed companies with a platinum status recognizing their business performance and efforts throughout their organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c03b9dcd92f0b66bb19dfa90d00f588c", "text": "Burger King sliders Burger King sliders , comprising several varieties of mini-sandwiches , are a series of sandwiches that have been sold by international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King since the 1980s . Burger Bundles was the first iteration , a set of three small hamburgers or cheeseburgers . These sandwiches were eventually replaced with a reformulated product called Burger Buddies that was sold in pairs . After a change in management in 2004 , Burger Buddies were re-released as BK Burger Shots . The company has also sold several chicken and breakfast sandwich versions of these products . During the periods these products were sold , they were often the center of product advertising for the company . Additionally , as a major products in the company 's portfolio , Burger King had registered many global trademarks to protect its investment in the products , most of which have since lapsed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "614201d1411fa2f374fb721655296c44", "text": "SuperValu (United States) SuperValu , Inc. is an American retailing company . The corporation , headquartered in the Minneapolis suburb of Eden Prairie , Minnesota , has been in business for nearly a century . It is the fifth-largest food retailing company in the United States ( after Kroger and Albertsons ) , and ranks in the top 100 on the 2015 Fortune 500 list . Supermarket News ranked SuperValu # 1 in the 2008 `` Top Wholesalers for 2008 '' . On June 2 , 2006 , Boise , Idaho-based Albertsons , Inc. and 1,124 of its stores were sold to SuperValu . The sale was approved by the shareholders of both SuperValu and Albertsons on May 30 , 2006 . In January 2013 , the company announced it was selling the Acme Markets , Shaw 's , and Jewel-Osco chains and their remaining Albertsons stores to Cerberus Capital Management for $ 100 million in cash with Cerberus assuming $ 3.2 billion in existing debt . SuperValu would keep its Cub , Farm Fresh , Shoppers Food & Pharmacy , Shop ` n Save and Hornbacher 's brands as well as its wholesale supply operation while the Acme , Shaw 's , Star Market , and Jewel-Osco stores were reunited with Albertsons . The deal closed March 21 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "943a705cb43200a80bfcb2da711f1f03", "text": "KP Snacks KP Snacks is a British producer of branded and own-label maize - , potato - , and nut-based snacks , `` Choc Dips '' and nuts . The KP originally stood for Kenyon Produce . The company is based in Slough , Berkshire , England . The company was founded in 1853 as Kenyon & Son as a producer of confectionery , jam and pickles . By 1891 the company had become Kenyon & Son and Craven Limited . The company switched to producing roasted and salted hazelnuts in 1948 , expanding to peanuts later . These were originally produced for sale in cinemas . In 1952 the company introduced Hercules Nuts and in 1953 the No. 1 KP Nuts peanut brand . The company became part of United Biscuits ( UB ) in 1968 . The KP Snacks subsidiary produces a range of packet snack brands including Hula Hoops , Skips , McCoy 's , Frisps , Brannigan 's , Royster 's , Space Raiders , Discos , and Phileas Fogg . The snacks part is based on Teesside and in Rotherham , near the UB distribution warehouse . The Ashby-de-la-Zouch site won a `` Best Factory Award '' in 2004 . UB sold the company to the German company Intersnack in December 2012 for # 500 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2599caafee36c12159a1e7123fb5458", "text": "International expansion of Netflix", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e60d4a3a822bb44e6fd5d634343142", "text": "Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube . Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world . Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddce98da24266f9c3917f06930314fc4", "text": "Brigade de cuisine Brigade de cuisine ( -LSB- bʁiɡad də kɥizin -RSB- , kitchen brigade ) is a system of hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff , commonly referred to as `` kitchen staff '' in English-speaking countries . The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier . This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the kitchen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c5eadce0542bdf3f29833a4edbc730e", "text": "Hardee's Hardee 's Food Systems , Inc. , is an American-based fast-food restaurant chain operated by CKE Restaurants Holdings , Inc. ( `` CKE '' ) with locations primarily in the Southern and Midwestern United States . The company has evolved through several corporate ownerships since its establishment in 1960 in North Carolina . In April 1997 , CKE Restaurants Holdings , Inc. , the parent company of Carl 's Jr. , paid $ 327 million to Montreal-based Imasco Limited for Hardee 's . The merger created a chain of 3,828 restaurants - 3,152 Hardee 's outlets in 40 states and 10 foreign countries and 676 Carl 's Jr. outlets , primarily in California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91d88d83bbc35cebe98dd5477c6e6295", "text": "Powdered eggs Powdered eggs are fully dehydrated eggs . They are made using spray drying in the same way that powdered milk is made . The major advantages of powdered eggs over fresh eggs are the price , reduced weight per volume of whole egg equivalent , and the shelf life . Other advantages include smaller usage of storage space , and lack of need for refrigeration . Powdered eggs can be used without rehydration when baking , and can be rehydrated to make dishes such as scrambled eggs and omelettes . Powdered eggs appear in literature as a staple of camp cooking at least as early as 1912 . Powdered eggs were used in the United Kingdom during World War II for rationing . Powdered eggs are also known as dried eggs , and colloquially during the period of rationing in the UK , as Ersatz eggs . The modern method of manufacturing powdered eggs was developed in the 1930s by Albert Grant and Co. of the Mile End Road , London . This cake manufacturer was importing liquid egg from China and one of his staff realised that this was 75 % water . An experimental freeze-drying plant was built and tried . Then a factory was set up in Singapore to process Chinese egg . As war approached , Grant transferred his dried egg facility to Argentina . The British Government lifted the patent during the war and many other suppliers came into the market notably in the United States . Early importers to the United States included Vic Henningsen Sr. and others in the United Kingdom . Powdered eggs have a storage life of 5 to 10 years when stored without oxygen in a cool storage environment . The process of drying eggs so as to make powdered eggs oxidizes the cholesterol , which has been shown to be dangerous in animal trials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22ec5bcde8c9f78a9f41b145b10fdf9b", "text": "Superstate A superstate is defined as `` a large and powerful State formed when several smaller countries unite '' , `` A large and powerful state formed from a federation or union of nations '' . This is distinct from the concept of superpower , although these are frequently seen together . It is also distinct from the concept of empire , where one nation dominates other nations through military , political , and economic power , although an empire may also be a superstate . In the early 20th century , `` superstate '' had a similar definition as today 's supranational organisations . In a 1927 article by Edward A. Harriman on the League of Nations , a superstate was defined as merely `` an organisation , of which a state is a member , which is superior to the member themselves '' , in that '' -LSB- a -RSB- complete superstate has legislative , executive and judicial organs to make , to execute and to interpret its laws '' . According to this definition , Harriman saw the League of Nations as a `` rudimentary superstate '' , and the United States as `` an example of a complete and perfect superstate '' . In World Order of Bahá ` u 'll áh , first published in 1938 , Shoghi Effendi , the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith , described the anticipated world government of that religion as the `` world 's future super-state '' with the Bahá ' í Faith as the `` State Religion of an independent and Sovereign Power . '' In the 1970s , academic literature used the term `` superstate '' to indicate a particularly rich and powerful state , in a similar fashion to the term superpower . In contemporary political debate , especially the one centred on the European Union , the term `` superstate '' is used to indicate a ( usually deemed unwelcome ) development in which the Union takes over the character of a State ( including the monopoly on violence ) thus abolishing the sovereignty and independence of its member states . For instance , Glyn Morgan opposes the perspective of a `` European superstate '' to the ones of `` a Europe of nation-states '' and of `` a post-sovereign European polity '' . In her definition , a `` European superstate is nothing more than a sovereign state - a tried and tested type of polity that predominates in the modern world - operating on a European wide scale '' , i.e. , `` a unitary European state '' The term was famously used by Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges speech , when she decried the perspective of `` a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels '' , and has since entered the eurosceptic lexicon . Tony Blair argued in 2000 that he welcomed an EU as a `` superpower , not a superstate ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef9fd6195511e8550a8f4c8e345cbc73", "text": "Big Mac The Big Mac is a hamburger sold by international fast food restaurant chain McDonald 's . It was introduced in the Greater Pittsburgh area , United States , in 1967 and nationwide in 1968 . It is one of the company 's signature products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4cb5611a1e29b64eaccea9856f9efb3", "text": "Yonghe King Yonghe King is a Chinese fast-food restaurant that specializes in noodles . The headquarters are on the fourth floor of Building B of the Rainbow Hongqiao Centre in Minhang District , Shanghai . Yonghe Dawang opened its first restaurant in Shanghai on December 12 , 1995 . Today Yonghe has branches throughout China , with over 70 restaurants in major Chinese cities including Shanghai , Beijing , Shenzhen , Hangzhou , Jinan , and Suzhou . In 2004 , Yonghe King merged with one of the largest fast-food chain in the Philippines , Jollibee , which is owned by Chinese Filipino Mr. Tony Tan Caktiong . The original logo of the chain was that of a smiling face against a red background , which was strikingly similar to the Colonel Sanders logo used by KFC . The Associated Press stated that the former logo was `` a smiling , grandfatherly Chinese man '' . In 2005 the chain changed its logo to that of a steaming bowl of soup . Other Chinese restaurant chains also use the word `` Yonghe '' in their titles , including Yonghe Dou-jiang ( Chinese word for Soy milk ) , a famous breakfast orientated Soy Milk chain from Taiwan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2ba493a89cfcba51afdb9b9c6e385ec", "text": "Koreatown Immigrant Workers Alliance The Koreatown Immigrant Workers Alliance 한인타운 노동연대 ( KIWA , pronounced kee-wah ) , also known under its past name Korean Immigrant Workers Advocates 남가주 한인 노동 상담소 , is a multi-ethnic immigrant worker civil rights membership organization based in the Los Angeles Koreatown area . KIWA was founded in 1992 by progressive minded Korean activists who saw class as the basic contradiction of the immigrant communities in Koreatown . It has since been involved in the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Unrest , campaigns to improve working conditions and immigrant worker empowerment in various Korean ethnic industries , the living wages campaign , and Koreatown 's multi-ethnic community developments . KIWA is perhaps best known recently for its long campaign against Assi Market , the largest ethnic Korean-owned supermarket of the United States , located in Koreatown . Started in the late 1990s , KIWA demands that Assi management rehire dozens of fired Latino and Korean workers who were fired for trying to organize a trade union . Although initially staffed mostly by ethnic Koreans , KIWA grew to encompass Asian-Pacific American and Latino organizers and members . The Spanish language `` Alianza de trabajadores inmigrantes del Barrio Coreano '' had been in common use since the early 2000s ; however the English language name was officially changed in March 2006 from Korean Immigrant Workers Advocates to Koreatown Immigrant Workers Alliance . The Korean language '' 한인노동상담소 '' ( Korean Worker 's Center ) has been changed to 한인타운 노동연대 to signify its geographical focus rather than on an ethnic group . KIWA is a member organization of MIWON ( Multi-Ethnic Immigrant Workers Alliance ) , an alliance of four ( formerly five ) immigrant workers ' centers in the Los Angeles area , and ENLACE , a U.S.-Mexico network of workers ' centers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe370e2b5d837dc39dc22a4791990dfd", "text": "CKE Restaurants CKE Restaurants Holdings , Inc. , is the parent company of the Carl 's Jr. , Hardee 's , Green Burrito , and Red Burrito quick-service restaurant ( `` QSR '' ) brands . The company 's headquarters are located in Carpinteria , California . On March 4 , 2016 , CKE Restaurants Holdings , Inc. announced that they would be consolidating their corporate offices in St. Louis , Missouri and Carpinteria , California and moving them to the Nashville , Tennessee area at the Franklin Park office complex . CKE 's Anaheim , Calif.-based office will remain open . As of March 2016 , CKE has a total of 3,664 franchised or company-operated restaurants in 44 states and 38 foreign countries and U.S. territories . It is a privately-held company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81143d511d8fd6fe9c32580b247413d8", "text": "IKEA IKEA ( -LSB- aɪˈkiːə -RSB- or -LSB- ɪˈkiːə -RSB- Swedish ) , is a multinational group , headquartered in the Netherlands , that designs and sells , kitchen appliances and home accessories . It has been the world 's largest furniture retailer since at least 2008 . Founded in Sweden in 1943 by then-17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad , who was listed by Forbes Magazine ( in its 2 November , 2015 issue ) as one of the ten richest people in the world and the owner of a more than 40 billion dollar fortune , the company 's name is an acronym that consists of the initials of Ingvar Kamprad ( name of founder ) , Elmtaryd ( the farm where he grew up ) , and Agunnaryd ( his hometown in Småland , southern Sweden ) . The company is known for its modernist designs for various types of appliances and furniture , and its interior design work is often associated with an eco-friendly simplicity . In addition , the firm is known for its attention to cost control , operational details , and continuous product development , corporate attributes that allowed IKEA to lower its prices by an average of two to three percent over the decade to 2010 during a period of global expansion . The IKEA group has a complex corporate structure , which the European Union has alleged was designed to avoid over 1 billion Euros in tax payments over the 2009-2014 period . It is controlled by several foundations based in the Netherlands , Luxembourg and Liechtenstein . As of December 2016 , IKEA owns and operates 392 stores in 48 countries . In fiscal year 2016 , $ 36.4 billion worth of goods were sold , a total that represented a 7.6 percent increase over 2015 . The IKEA website contains about 12,000 products and is the closest representation of the entire IKEA range . There were over 2.1 billion visitors to IKEA 's websites in the year from September 2015 to August 2016 . The company is responsible for approximately 1 % of world commercial-product wood consumption , making it one of the largest users of wood in the retail sector .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddb2ef4984ae88303af95317f80122a3", "text": "DineEquity DineEquity , Inc. , formerly known as IHOP Corporation , is an American company that franchises and operates IHOP and Applebee 's restaurants . The company is headquartered in Glendale , California , and was founded in 1976 as IHOP until after it acquired Applebee 's when it changed its corporate identity . IHOP Corporation announced on July 16 , 2007 that it intended to acquire the bar-and-grill chain Applebee 's International , Inc. in an all-cash transaction that was valued at approximately US$ 2.1 billion . Under the deal , IHOP paid would pay $ 25.50 per share for Applebee 's . IHOP stated it would franchise most of Applebee 's 500 company-owned stores . In 2015 , Applebee 's had 2,033 restaurants overall worldwide , all operated by franchisees . Julia Stewart , who originally worked as a waitress at IHOP and worked her way up through the restaurant industry , became Chief Executive Officer of IHOP Corporation . She had previously been President of Applebee 's , but left after being overlooked for that company 's CEO position . She became CEO of IHOP in 2001 , and returned to manage her old company due to the acquisition . She later stepped down as the CEO in March 2017 . With a larger than 70 % vote , Applebee 's stockholders approved the takeover , which closed on November 29 , 2007 . The deal beat 26 other offers to purchase the economically slumping Applebee 's . A number of executives from Applebee 's voted against the offer . The chain 's largest individual shareholder , Applebee 's director Burton `` Skip '' Sack , believed the purchasing price was unfair to the shareholders and planned to take IHOP to court . As part of the purchase , a brand re-marketing scheme and revitalization of the Applebee 's image was undertaken .", "title": "" } ]	fever
473b62eeabbf2d32922fc9a6e9246bc4	Tina Turner has put out more than one multi-platinum album.	[ { "docid": "4fec85d8f31e9c5cd94f8a52dd3880e1", "text": "Tina Turner Tina Turner ( born Anna Mae Bullock ; November 26 , 1939 ) , is an American-born recording artist , dancer , actress , and author , whose career has spanned more than half a century , earning her widespread recognition and numerous awards . Born and raised in the Southeastern United States , Turner relinquished her American citizenship after obtaining Swiss citizenship in 2013 . She began her musical career in the mid-1950s as a featured singer with Ike Turner 's Kings of Rhythm , first recording in 1958 under the name `` Little Ann . '' Her introduction to the public as Tina Turner began in 1960 as a member of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue . Success followed with a string of notable hits credited to the duo , including `` A Fool in Love '' , `` River Deep -- Mountain High '' ( 1966 ) , `` Proud Mary '' ( 1971 ) , and `` Nutbush City Limits '' ( 1973 ) , a song which she herself wrote . In her autobiography , I , Tina , she revealed several instances of severe domestic abuse against her by Ike Turner prior to their 1976 split and subsequent 1978 divorce . Raised a Baptist , she encountered faith with Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism in 1971 , crediting the spiritual chant of Nam Myoho Renge Kyo , which Turner claims helped her to endure during difficult times . After her divorce from Ike Turner , she rebuilt her career through live performances . In the 1980s , Turner launched a major comeback with another string of hits , starting in late 1983 with the single `` Let 's Stay Together '' followed by the 1984 release of her fifth solo album Private Dancer which became a worldwide success . The album contained the song `` What 's Love Got to Do with It '' , which became Turner 's biggest hit and won three Grammy Awards including Record of the Year . Her solo success continued thoughout the 1980s and 90s with multi-platinum albums including Break Every Rule and Foreign Affair , and with singles such as `` We Do n't Need Another Hero ( Thunderdome ) '' , `` The Best '' , and `` GoldenEye '' for the 1995 James Bond film of the same name . In 1993 , `` What 's Love Got to Do with It '' was used as the title of a biographical film adapted from her autobiography , along with the film 's accompanying soundtrack album . In addition to her musical career , Turner has also garnered success acting in films , including the role of the Acid Queen in the 1975 rock musical Tommy , a starring role alongside Mel Gibson in the 1985 action film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome , and a cameo role in the 1993 film Last Action Hero . One of the world 's best-selling artists of all time , she has also been referred to as The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll . Turner has been termed the most successful female Rock 'n' Roll artist , receiving eleven Grammy Awards , including eight competitive awards and three Grammy Hall of Fame awards . Turner has also sold more concert tickets than any other solo performer in history . Her combined album and single sales total approximately 180 million copies worldwide , She is noted for her energetic stage presence , powerful vocals , and career longevity . In 2008 , Turner returned from semi-retirement to embark on her Tina ! : 50th Anniversary Tour . Turner 's tour became one of the highest selling ticketed shows of 2008 -- 09 . Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Turner no. 63 on their list of 100 greatest artists of all time , and no. 17 on their list of 100 greatest singers of all time . In 1991 , Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Turner announced in December 2016 that she has been working on `` Tina '' , a new musical based on her story , in collaboration with Phyllida Lloyd and Stage Entertainment .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ff0db66024ddcf8bc7a58327af2ab1d1", "text": "From Elvis in Memphis From Elvis in Memphis is the fifteenth studio album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley , released on RCA Records . It was recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis in January and February 1969 under the direction of producer Chips Moman and backed by its house band , informally known as `` The Memphis Boys '' . Following the success of Presley 's 1968 Christmas television special and its soundtrack , the album marked Presley 's return to non-soundtrack albums after the completion of his film contract with Paramount Pictures . Presley 's entourage convinced him to leave the RCA studios and record this album at American Sound , a new Memphis studio at the peak of a hit-producing streak . The reason for going to Moman 's studio was for the soul sound of the house band , ` the Memphis Boys ' . The predominance of country songs among those recorded in these sessions gives them the feel of the `` country soul '' style . This impression is emphasized by the frequent use of the dobro in the arrangements . In any case , the Memphis Boys have a solidly southern soul sound . From Elvis in Memphis was released in June 1969 to favorable reviews . The album peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200 , number two on the country charts and number one in the United Kingdom , and its single `` In the Ghetto '' reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1970 . In later years , it garnered further favorable reviews , while it was ranked number 190 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450c2d6cabe6f9867f3f14ec18159114", "text": "Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1955 Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits : 1955 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988 , featuring 10 hit recordings from 1955 . The volume is the first in a series of albums by Rhino Records that chronicled years in music , starting from 1955 and continuing through 1995 . Each of the albums issued in the series included a `` Time Capsule '' in its liner notes . These notes served as a synopsis for the year featured on the album , including the top news headlines , sports events , television programs and trends in fashion and popular culture . The track lineups tended to feature most of the year 's top 10 hits , although some of the year 's most popular songs on a given album were not included for various reasons -- most commonly , licensing restrictions . This would be most evident for several of Rhino 's Billboard volumes covering the 1960s , where songs by The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were not included . In such cases , other songs that were among the most popular of the year were substituted . For the 1955 track lineup , just one song topped the Billboard Best Sellers in Stores chart : `` Rock Around the Clock '' by Bill Haley & His Comets . Also included was `` Sincerely '' by The Moonglows , whose version -- which topped the Top Rhythm & Blues Songs chart -- was used in place of The McGuire Sisters ' version , which reached No. 1 on the Best Sellers in Stores mainstream chart . Most of the other songs reached the top 10 of one of the three charts Billboard had in place at the time -- the Best Sellers in Stores , Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes . Rhino 's mainstream pop top hits volumes for the years 1955 through 1974 were titled `` Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits . '' Starting with the 1975 volume and continuing through the 1995 entry , the series became known as `` Billboard Top Hits . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45c727d0aeea08808708b1a3e411d389", "text": "Kreesha Turner Kreesha Turner ( born June 10 , 1985 ) is a Canadian/Jamaican recording artist and songwriter , born in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada . Raised in both Canada and Jamaica , she began her musical career after a successful audition with Virgin Records . She signed a record deal with the Capitol Music Group , under which the Virgin imprint operates . Concurrently , EMI Music Canada signed her in order to more effectively tap into the Canadian market . She has released two albums in Canada . Her first album Passion ( 2008 ) spawned singles `` Bounce With Me , '' `` Lady Killer '' and `` Do n't Call Me Baby '' . The latter became the # 1 most played song ( by a Canadian ) on Canadian radio in 2008 and became her very first number one single on Billboards U.S. Hot Dance Club Play . During this year , she was nominated for two Juno Awards for `` Best New Artist '' and `` Best Pop Album of The Year . '' Her second double disc studio album , Tropic Electric ( 2011 ) saw Turner alter her public image and return to her original sound . She released three moderately successful singles `` Rock Paper Scissors , '' `` I Could Stay , '' and `` Love Again . '' which gained her another Juno Award Nomination for `` Best R&B Album . '' Turner is currently finished recording her third album entitled Evolution Inevitable with a new direction of her sound infused with Dancehall , Hip Hop and R&B . Throughout Turner 's career , she has been well known for her style and image . She 's been ranked on Complex magazine list of `` 25 Sexiest International Singers You 've Never Heard Of '' and Much Music 's `` Sexiest Girls list '' in 2008 . She has been featured on multiple major Canadian magazine covers and starred in a national Kit Kat campaign . Her music has been featured on major network television shows such as , `` Entourage '' , `` Desperate Housewives '' , `` Ugly Betty '' , `` Gossip Girl '' , `` The Hills '' , `` Keeping Up With the Kardashians '' , `` Smash '' , `` Lipstick Jungle '' and `` Brothers & Sisters '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8b83e1a37d6624a2b9162a0102a4df5", "text": "Ike & Tina Turner discography This is a list of albums and singles released by American rock and soul duo Ike & Tina Turner during their 16-year musical career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d61c867f45148006c499de33ea6b1aa", "text": "Patsy Cline discography The discography of Patsy Cline , an American country pop artist , consists of three studio albums , one compilation album , six extended plays , twenty four singles , and seven B-sides . For material released after the artist 's death in 1963 , see Patsy Cline posthumous discography . After performing in a band in 1954 , Cline was signed by Bill McCall to Four Star Records , based in Pasadena , California . She made her first recording session for the label in June 1955 , releasing her debut single , `` A Church , a Courtroom , and Goodbye '' in July . Cline issued seventeen singles to the country music recording charts between 1955 and 1960 ; however , only one of them was a major hit . After releasing the singles `` Hidin ' Out '' , `` I Love You Honey '' , and `` I 've Loved and Lost Again '' , her first single issued in 1957 , entitled `` Walkin ' After Midnight '' , peaked at # 2 on the Billboard Magazine Hot Country Songs list and # 12 on the Top Pop Songs chart . The song 's success spawned Cline 's self-titled debut album , released in August 1957 . Cline 's additional singles between 1958 and 1960 ranged in variations between country , Gospel , and Rockabilly . These songs included such releases as , `` Three Cigarettes ( In an Ashtray ) , '' `` Come On In ( And Make Yourself at Home ) , '' `` Dear God , '' and `` Crazy Dreams . '' In late 1960 , Cline signed with Four Star 's distributor , Decca . Working with producer Owen Bradley , Cline 's musical style changed from Honky Tonk to the Pop-influenced Nashville Sound . Her first Decca release was 1961 's `` I Fall to Pieces , '' which was recorded during her first session for the label . The single became her first number one single on the Billboard Country Chart , while also reaching # 12 on the Pop chart , and # 6 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks list . Her second self-titled extended play was issued in August and contained the hit ; however , due to a major car accident , Cline could not promote the song . Its follow-up , `` Crazy '' , was released in October and became another crossover hit , reaching # 2 on the Billboard Country and Adult Contemporary chart , and # 9 on the Pop chart . Cline 's second studio album was then issued in November 1961 , entitled Patsy Cline Showcase and containing both hits . In its re-release in 1963 , the album peaked at # 73 on the Billboard 200 Albums Chart . Cline 's third Decca single , `` She 's Got You '' was released in January 1962 , and became her fourth major hit , reaching number one on Billboard '' 's Country Chart , # 14 on the Billboard Pop Chart , and # 3 on its Adult Contemporary chart . Because an album was not yet released , the extended play also titled , She 's Got You was released in April . She had two other major country hits that year : `` When I Get Thru ' With You '' ( # 10 ) and `` So Wrong '' ( # 14 ) . Her third and final official studio album named , Sentimentally Yours was released in August and contained `` She 's Got You '' , as well as , `` Heartaches '' , which reached # 31 in the United Kingdom . Many of the singles ' B-sides charted on the Country and Pop chart that year , including `` She 's Got You '' 's flip side , `` Strange '' and `` When I Get Thru ' With You '' 's flip , `` Imagine That '' . Cline released her final single during her lifetime in January 1963 entitled , `` Leavin ' on Your Mind . '' The song became a Top 10 hit on the Billboard '' Country Chart , while also reaching # 83 on the Pop chart . Patsy Cline died March 5 , 1963 in a plane crash in Camden , Tennessee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac944516232c8f3f2601e6308b72be58", "text": "Records and achievements of Madonna American singer Madonna , throughout her career , spanning three decades , has obtained a remarkable series of statistical achievements , setting and breaking several world records with her participation in entrepreneurial activities , of acting and her performance in the musical scene for her videos , singles , albums , and tours . Her first appearance in the Guinness Book of World Records was in 1986 with her third studio album , True Blue . Since then , she has earned multiple appearances , some 20 at least in February 2012 , including her insigne record title as the top-selling female recording artist of all time . Madonna 's commerciality has achieved scrutiny studies and analysis from different point of view in the academia world or by marketers , through her marketing strategies , controversies and reinvention , surpassing to others new or contemporary artists . In popular culture , many international artists have been called `` Madonna '' , many times , by their impact and success in their respective countries or genres . Also , her presence in popular culture , has been led to create world records about Madonna . Dubbed as the most successful and most influential female artist of all time , Madonna 's music is defined in several occasions , for changing contemporary music history for women 's , mainly rock , dance and pop scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a42f50a1c2889c4a0f2521b4658c462a", "text": "Martina McBride Martina Mariea McBride ( née Schiff , born July 29 , 1966 ) is an American country music singer-songwriter and record producer . She is known for her soprano singing range and her country pop material . McBride signed to RCA Records in 1991 , and made her debut the following year as a neo-traditionalist country singer with the single , `` The Time Has Come '' . Over time , she developed a pop-styled crossover sound , similar to that of Shania Twain and Faith Hill and has had a string of major hit singles on the Billboard country chart and occasionally on the adult contemporary chart . Five of these singles went to No. 1 on the country chart between 1995 and 2001 , and one peaked at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart in 2003 . She has been called the `` Celine Dion of Country Music '' when she was recognized for her soprano singing range . McBride has recorded a total of 13 studio albums , two greatest hits compilations , one `` live '' album , as well as two additional compilation albums . Eight of her studio albums and two of her compilations have received an RIAA Gold certification , or higher . In the U.S. she has sold over 14 million albums . In addition , McBride has won the Country Music Association 's `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' award four times ( tied with Reba McEntire for the second-most wins ) and the Academy of Country Music 's `` Top Female Vocalist '' award three times . She is also a 14-time Grammy Award nominee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c306e400de86347577c3e0f8ea8b782f", "text": "Love Thing `` Love Thing '' is a song by recording artist Tina Turner from her 1991 album Simply the Best . The single , which brought Turner back to her rock roots , also included the non-album track `` I 'm a Lady '' , written and produced by Terry Britten and Graham Lyle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3df8da15726dad53052b0c9f67ba21e3", "text": "The Platinum Collection (Queen album) The Platinum Collection : Greatest Hits I , II & III is a box set by British rock band Queen which comprises their three greatest hits albums , Greatest Hits , Greatest Hits II and Greatest Hits III . The album was originally released on 13 November 2000 on the Parlophone label . A booklet with song facts and images is also included with the three CD set . The album 's US release was delayed by Hollywood Records until September 2002 and featured the 2001 Japanese release remastered versions of Greatest Hits Volumes 1 and 2 on the US and Canadian versions of The Platinum Collection . The album peaked at No. 2 in the UK charts , being blocked off the top spot by Moby 's album 18 . As part of Queen 's 40th anniversary celebrations , The Platinum Collection was released in the UK on 27 June 2011 , as well as in other territories around the world . The release consisted of the 2011 remasters of all three albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d9543b3482d1be95cf25a8242846e76", "text": "Delilah's Power Delilah 's Power is a studio album by Ike & Tina Turner released in 1977 by United Artists Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d1e35a3622b9b60245fdd2f78ac9cee", "text": "Show Some Respect `` Show Some Respect '' is a song recorded by recording artist Tina Turner . It was written by Terry Britten and Sue Shifrin and released as the sixth single from her fifth solo album Private Dancer ( 1984 ) . While not released as a single in Europe , it song found moderate success in the US and minor success in Canada . The B-side to `` Show Some Respect '' is a live cover of Prince 's song `` Let 's Pretend We 're Married '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37f00406ba6a8b69c27fddad2d0f271a", "text": "Killin' Time (Tina Cousins song) `` Killin ' Time '' is a song written by Mark Topham and Karl Twigg , and recorded by British singer Tina Cousins . It was released in March 1997 as her debut single , then re-released in March 1999 as the second single from her debut album Killing Time . It initially charted at number 80 on the UK Singles Chart , but upon re-release in 1999 , it peaked at number 15 , to become her third consecutive UK Top 20 hit , following her number 2 hit `` Mysterious Times '' with Sash ! and number 20 hit `` Pray '' which were both released in 1998 . . Sash ! also remixed `` Killin ' Time '' for its re-release . In Australia , it was coupled with `` Forever '' and became a top twenty hit , reaching Gold sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f495476f82af9c8c25d92dc0e056f476", "text": "Tina! Tina ! is a compilation album from American rock singer Tina Turner . The album was released September 30 , 2008 by Capitol Records in North America and October 17 , 2008 in Germany ( the album was released as an `` import '' in other regions ) . The album was later expanded to a three-disc set , released in Europe to coincide with the European leg of her tour . The Platinum Collection was released on February 23 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6c6fff510cf92cb7b5f11880c763a33", "text": "Queen of Soul (album) Queen of Soul is the sixth studio album by American Blues artist , Etta James . The album was released on Argo Records in 1965 , featuring the singles James had released during the year . Two songs on the album : `` Baby What You Want Me to Do '' and `` Loving You More Every Day '' charted on the Rhythm and Blues and Billboard Pop Chart . It was James 's first studio album in two years since the release of Etta James Top Ten . Like her previous releases , Queen of Soul was released on a 12-inch LP album , and has not been reissued since . It consisted of ten tracks , with five on each side of the LP . Allmusic rated the album three out of five stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb15bcc714c715eae349eaf85f89ea1a", "text": "Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' . Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA . According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9935788f9b46fe56cfeedc926db246ce", "text": "The Miracles discography The Miracles were the Motown Record Corporation 's first group and its first million-selling recording artists . During their nineteen-year run on the American music charts , The Miracles charted over fifty hits and recorded in the genres of doo wop , soul , disco , and R&B . Twenty-six Miracles songs reached the Top Ten of the Billboard R&B singles chart , including four R&B number ones . Sixteen of the Miracles ' songs charted within the Top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100 , with seven of those songs reaching the Top Ten and two -- 1970 's `` The Tears of a Clown '' and 1975 's `` Love Machine '' ( Part 1 ) -- reaching number-one . A third song , the million-selling `` Shop Around '' reached # 1 on the Cash Box magazine Pop chart . The Miracles also scored 11 U.S. R&B Top 10 Albums , including 2 - # 1 's . According to several websites , the Miracles are one of the most oft-covered groups in recorded history and the most covered Motown group ever . Their music and songs have influenced artists all over the world -- in every major musical genre -- over the last 50 years . They also have the distinction of having more songs inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame than any other Motown group . ( Original lineup : Claudette Rogers Robinson , Bobby Rogers , Ronnie White , Smokey Robinson , Marv Tarplin , Pete Moore ) . All releases were on Motown Records ' Tamla subsidiary label unless otherwise indicated . In the 1960s , Motown Record Corporation , like many independent labels , did not register sales figures through the RIAA , the organization that certifies and awards Gold Records . So it is difficult to determine the full number of Miracles songs and recordings that sold a million or more records . Also , with the passing of decades of time , some songs that did not sell a million records on their initial release may have indeed done so over the years . However , several reference works , such as the books Hits Of The Sixties : The Million Sellers by Demitri Coryton & Joseph Murrells , as well as The Book Of Golden Discs - by Joseph Murrells - point out that the Miracles had several million - selling records during their career , including the following : Shop Around ( 1961 ) , You 've Really Got a Hold on Me ( 1962 ) , Mickey 's Monkey ( 1963 ) , The Tracks Of My Tears ( 1965 ) , Going To A Go-Go , ( single and album ) ( 1965 ) , I Second That Emotion ( 1967 ) , Baby Baby Do n't Cry ( 1969 ) , The Tears of a Clown * ( 1970 ) , Do It Baby ( 1974 ) , Love Machine * ( 1975 ) , and the Platinum album City Of Angels ( 1975 ) . This is quite probably an incomplete list , since Miracle Pete Moore states on his corporate website , that The Miracles actually had 12 Gold Records to their credit by 1967 , including 1965 's Ooo Baby Baby . multi-million sellers . Note : The Miracles ' 2006 DVD release The Definitive Performances ( 1963 -- 1987 ) was also certified Gold by the R.I.A.A.", "title": "" } ]	fever
5432cba83f87d751d97c41fb8075e8c9	Newspapers include listings.	[ { "docid": "f323423288b778a7670766c7b2edd2e1", "text": "Newspaper A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events , other informative articles about politics , sports , arts , and so on , and advertising . A newspaper is usually , but not exclusively , printed on relatively inexpensive , low-grade paper such as newsprint . The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers . As of 2017 , most newspapers are now published online as well as in print . The online versions are called online newspapers or news websites . Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly . News magazines are also weekly , but they have a magazine format . General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news . The news includes political events and personalities , business and finance , crime , weather , and natural disasters ; health and medicine , science , and computers and technology ; sports ; and entertainment , society , food and cooking , clothing and home fashion , and the arts . Usually the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings ( labeled A , B , C , and so on , with pagination prefixes yielding page numbers A1-A20 , B1-B20 , C1-C20 , and so on ) . Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor ( or by the paper 's editorial board ) and expressing an opinion on a public issue , opinion articles called `` op-eds '' written by guest writers ( which are typically in the same section as the editorial ) , and columns that express the personal opinions of columnists , usually offering analysis and synthesis that attempts to translate the raw data of the news into information telling the reader `` what it all means '' and persuading them to concur . Papers also include articles which have no byline ; these articles are written by staff writers . A wide variety of material has been published in newspapers . Besides the aforementioned news , information and opinions , they include weather forecasts ; criticism and reviews of the arts ( including literature , film , television , theater , fine arts , and architecture ) and of local services such as restaurants ; obituaries , birth notices and graduation announcements ; entertainment features such as crosswords , horoscopes , editorial cartoons , gag cartoons , and comic strips ; advice columns , food , and other columns ; and radio and television listings ( program schedules ) . As of 2017 , newspapers may also provide information about new movies and TV shows available on streaming video services like Netflix . Newspapers have classified ad sections where people and businesses can buy small advertisements to sell goods or services ; as of 2013 , the huge increase in Internet websites for selling goods , such as Craigslist and eBay has led to significantly less classified ad sales for newspapers . Most newspapers are businesses , and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue , newsstand sales , and advertising revenue ( other businesses or individuals pay to place advertisements in the pages , including display ads , classified ads , and their online equivalents ) . Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded ; their reliance on advertising revenue and on profitability is less critical to their survival . The editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interest of someone , whether owners , advertisers , or a government . Some newspapers with high editorial independence , high journalism quality , and large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record . Many newspapers , besides employing journalists on their own payrolls , also subscribe to news agencies ( wire services ) ( such as the Associated Press , Reuters , or Agence France-Presse ) , which employ journalists to find , assemble , and report the news , then sell the content to the various newspapers . This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world . Circa 2005 , there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day ( in the U.S. , 1,450 titles selling 55 million copies ) . The late 2000s -- early 2010s global recession , combined with the rapid growth of free web-based alternatives , has helped cause a decline in advertising and circulation , as many papers had to retrench operations to stanch the losses . Worldwide annual revenue approached $ 100 billion in 2005-7 , then plunged during the worldwide financial crisis of 2008-9 . Revenue in 2016 fell to only $ 53 billion , hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal . The decline in advertising revenues affected both the print and online media as well as all other mediums ; print advertising was once lucrative but has greatly declined , and the prices of online advertising are often lower than those of their print precursors . Besides remodeling advertising , the internet ( especially the web ) has also challenged the business models of the print-only era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general ( sharing information with others ) and , more specifically , journalism ( the work of finding , assembling , and reporting the news ) . In addition , the rise of news aggregators , which bundle linked articles from many online newspapers and other sources , influences the flow of web traffic . Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects . The oldest newspaper still published is the Ordinari Post Tijdender , which was established in Stockholm in 1645 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "eb956f67a42d6bbcf46a2ad7f6155a51", "text": "Lists of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers This is a list of lists by year of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers . The New York Times Best Seller list was first published without fanfare on 12 October 1931 . It consisted of five fiction and four non-fiction for the New York City region only . The following month the list was expanded to eight cities , with a separate list for each city . By the early 1940s , fourteen cities were included . A national list was created 9 April 1942 , in The New York Times Book Review ( Sundays ) as a supplement to the regular paper 's city lists ( Monday edition ) . The national list ranked by weighting how many times the book appeared in each city list . A few years later , the city lists were eliminated leaving only the national rankings , which was compiled according to `` reports from leading booksellers in 22 cities , '' a system which remains , although the specifics have changed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a040a01a214f234fe1b6c49dc9c3aa5", "text": "Prospect (magazine) Prospect is a monthly British general interest magazine , specialising in politics , economics and current affairs . Topics include British , European , and US politics , social issues , art , literature , cinema , science , the media , history , philosophy , and psychology . It features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles , first-person reportage , one-page columns , and shorter , quirky items . Notable features of the magazine include head-to-head debates between two writers with opposing views on a subject ; roundtable discussions , in which a series of experts with varying views on a given topic meet for a discussion , an edited transcript of which is published in the magazine ; and interviews with major political and cultural figures ( recent examples include Orhan Pamuk , Paul Wolfowitz , and Hilary Mantel ) . The magazine prizes independence over ideology and its articles and authors span the political spectrum . In recent years the magazine 's founding editor , David Goodhart , has stirred controversy with a series of articles arguing that the increasing diversity of the United Kingdom may weaken the bonds of solidarity on which the welfare state depends . The debate fed into the broader discussions of `` Britishness '' that have become increasingly common in the public sphere . Contributors include Lionel Shriver , A. C. Grayling , Gordon Brown , Mohamed ElBaradei , Michael Lind , Michael Ignatieff , Geoff Dyer , Francis Fukuyama , Roger Scruton , Andrew Marr , John Kay , and J. M. Coetzee . Prospect received worldwide attention in October 2005 when it published its list of the world 's top 100 public intellectuals , which included Noam Chomsky , Umberto Eco , Richard Dawkins , Steven Pinker and Christopher Hitchens . The magazine asked readers to vote for their top intellectual from the longlist ; Chomsky was the eventual winner . Subsequent lists have continued to attract attention . Dawkins claimed the top spot in 2013 . In August 2009 in a roundtable interview in Prospect , Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions , warning that a `` swollen '' financial sector paying excessive salaries has grown too big for society . Lord Turner 's suggestion that a `` Tobin tax '' - named after the economist James Tobin -- should be considered for financial transactions reverberated around the world . Prospect has also attempted to revitalise the art of the short story in Britain , by publishing the winning story of the Royal Society of Literature 's V.S. Pritchett Memorial Prize since 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50c34dcdcdb658f5b7dd4a241f04ea", "text": "The News Leader The News Leader is a daily newspaper owned by Gannett Company , serving Staunton , Virginia and the surrounding areas . The paper was founded in 1904 by Brig. Gen. Hierome L. Opie as The Evening Leader . While it traces its founding to Opie in 1904 , the paper had a predecessor , The Daily News , that was founded in 1890 . Opie worked as a reporter for The Daily News , which was a morning paper , before starting The Evening Leader . In 1919 Opie bought The Daily News and combined it with The Morning Leader , a paper he had started to compete directly with The News . The combined paper was called The Staunton News-Leader . When the papers were combined , the new edition adopted the volume number of The Daily News , so the current edition 's volume number goes back further than the 1904 founding date . In the 1960s the Opie family combined The Staunton News-Leader with The Evening Leader and Staunton was left with only one daily newspaper , The Daily News Leader . `` Daily '' was dropped from the name in 2002 . The Opies sold the paper in 1979 to Multimedia Inc. , which was purchased by Gannett Co. in 1995 . The newspaper launched its online edition in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc3327ec7f7b3f405e1e0770504aa193", "text": "Weekend City Press Review Weekend City Press Review is a UK publishing company which provides a summary of all the weekend 's financial and business news by using 13 U.K. newspapers as well as summarising every company tipped in both the newspapers and the Investors Chronicle . It was created in 1991 and has attracted a range of subscribers , from city institutions and FTSE listed companies , to educational establishments and private investors . Subscribers benefit from comprehensive coverage of major company and business stories without having to read the entire story . Weekend City Press Review is noted as `` an excellent comprehensive roundup of the weekend 's press '' in Dominic Connolly 's book The UK Trader 's Bible . It is believed that Weekend City Press Review was the first UK publisher of business news online -- its first article appearing in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "789826494489cd8de2a085e399cc211e", "text": "The Seattle Star The Seattle Star was a daily newspaper that ran from February 25 , 1899 , to August 13 , 1947 . It was owned by E. W. Scripps and in 1920 was transferred to Scripps McRae League of Newspapers ( later Scripps-Canfield League ) , after a falling-out within the Scripps family . The company , which eventually became Scripps League Newspapers , Inc. , owned the paper until 1942 , when it was sold to a group of local Seattle businessmen including Howard Parrish , its publisher . Soon after the sale , it reverted to its previous broadsheet format after having been a tabloid for a short time . Of the three Seattle general circulation dailies ( Seattle Post-Intelligencer and Seattle Times being the other two ) , it was the smallest in circulation , although it had been the largest paper in the city around 1900 . For most of its life the paper was known as the `` working man 's '' or `` working person 's '' paper . It was staunchly pro-labor , reflecting the values of E.W. Scripps . In 1919 , it became vehemently anti-Japanese , especially toward Japanese-Americans who lived in its vicinity . After World War II , all of its assets minus the building and machinery were sold to The Seattle Times for $ 360,000 in 1947 . Management said the sale was needed because of the rising labor costs and the newsprint shortage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3fc8786895e87624acbf774f04f73e", "text": "Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. . Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. . Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bbc27ac616a6a5c872488cc6580a0cd", "text": "Metropolis Daily Metropolis Daily is the Hong Kong edition of Metro ( Metro International ) , which publishes free newspapers around the world with 25 editions in 16 countries in 14 languages . It is the first free newspaper in Hong Kong . The Hong Kong version was first launched on April 15 , 2002 ; it is distributed for free in the racks located in 49 Mass Transit Railway ( MTR ) stations except the Airport Station . According to the Hong Kong Audit Bureau of Circulations in September 2002 , the daily circulation of the newspaper was 302,197 copies , making it the third largest daily newspaper in Hong Kong . The paper is distributed from Monday to Friday ( except for public holidays ) , by hand or from the newspaper stands in 49 MTR stations and 11 other key central locations , such as big shopping malls owned by MTR Corporation Limited like Paradise Mall , Telford Plaza , and Luk Yeung Galleria ( 綠楊坊 Pinyin : lǜ yáng fāng ) . Since it is free of charge and easily accessible , many people like to get one on their way to school or work . The paper attracts a younger generation of readers with a great purchasing power likewise , therefore many advertisers are interested in promoting their products on Metropolis Daily . The operating costs of the paper are mainly covered by the classified advertisements in the newspaper . However , the influence of the paper is not yet significant . Though around one tenth size of other newspapers printing local first-hand news reported by fresh journalists , its main news sources are actually the television , radio news , press releases and wired news . As one Metropolis '' ' reporter said , `` Nobody seems to know that we made an exclusive story . '' The paper is in Chinese in most parts , together with an English international section . According to Metropolis , the paper can be read in a `` 19-minute commute '' as the articles inside are usually short and laconic ; readers can scan through the paper so quickly that they can grab a brief understanding of the news within minutes . Although the paper is a tabloid , i.e. a minute-sized newspaper giving the stories in a condensed form , it includes many sections , which make the paper very rich in contents . These sections include : local news ( including one page written in Simplified Chinese ) ; Chinese news ; international news ; finance ; sports ; entertainment ; side stories ; English news digest ; editorial column ; television program schedule ; and film section . Readers can read the on-line edition of Metropolis all over the world by simply registering as users at its official site , and it is totally free . Besides , there is also a club called `` Club Metro '' '' offering discounts in films , sports and travel to its members . Readers can enjoy these benefits once they have joined the club . There are 700,000 worldwide members in this club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbcc5ca25008861ee063b097ed73aac8", "text": "Print Print may refer to : Printing , mostly using a printing press , but a process which may also refer to other methods of printmaking Printing press , printing with moveable metal type , see also letterpress printing Publishing , the distribution of printed works or other information Print run , one batch of printing , that is , the number of copies printed by one set-up of a printing press Textile printing ` In print ' , currently being published ; compare out of print `` Writing in print '' , printing , printscript or print-writing : a handwriting method using block letters , instead of cursive letters Engraved letters , such as initials , on other materials , such as printed glass Printmaking , various processes for producing multiple copies of works of art by printing Old master print , a product of printmaking , such as an engraving , etching or woodcut , in the European tradition , instead of others ( e.g. , Asian ) , especially if made before 1830 Lithography , taking a mirror-image print from a stone or metal `` plate '' Photographic printing , the process of making a photo The print medium , forms of paper ( or sometimes other materials ) upon which letters or graphics have been died or engraved , such as books , pamphlets , scrolls and files Print output , computer output on a screen or on paper Printer ( computing ) , a device to put ink on paper Print screen , the name of a keyboard key for copying the contents of the screen to somewhere PRINT ( command ) , a shell command of DOS , OS/2 and Microsoft Windows PRINT , a BASIC programming language command that generates text in text modes , derived from the text printing process on teleprinter terminals before refreshing displays Release print , a distribution print in film making Print ( magazine ) , a bimonthly magazine about visual culture and design Prints ( album ) , a 2002 album by Fred Frith Printing , allowing a concealed weapon ( firearm particularly ) to be visible through clothing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df7b0c124f91bb9d2c823dd917d4e7", "text": "History of journalism in the United Kingdom The history of journalism in the United Kingdom includes the gathering and transmitting of news , spans the growth of technology and trade , marked by the advent of specialized techniques for gathering and disseminating information on a regular basis . In the analysis of historians , it involves the steady increase of the scope of news available to us and the speed with which it is transmitted . Newspapers have always been the primary medium of journalists since 1700 , with magazines added in the 18th century , radio and television in the 20th century , and the Internet in the 21st century . London has always been the main center of British journalism , followed at a distance by Edinburgh , Belfast , Dublin , and regional cities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84685defd07dd49b6d0630c2de26b338", "text": "Philadelphia Bulletin For the 2004 resurrection of the Bulletin , see The Bulletin ( newspaper ) . The Philadelphia Bulletin was a daily evening newspaper published from 1847 to 1982 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was the largest circulation newspaper in Philadelphia for 76 years and was once the largest evening newspaper in the United States . Its widely known slogan was : `` In Philadelphia , nearly everybody reads The Bulletin . '' Describing the Bulletin 's style , publisher William L. McLean once said : `` I think the Bulletin operates on a principle which in the long run is unbeatable . This is that it enters the reader 's home as a guest . Therefore , it should behave as a guest , telling the news rather than shouting it . '' As Time magazine later noted : `` In its news columns , the Bulletin was solid if unspectacular . Local affairs were covered extensively , but politely . Muckraking was frowned upon . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20cdc63b4c671451044cd22dfbf1c31c", "text": "Newspapers in the United States Newspapers in the United States have been published since the 18th century and are an integral part of the culture of the United States . Although a few newspapers including the New York Times , USA Today , and the Wall Street Journal are sold throughout the United States , most U.S. newspapers are published for city or regional markets . The New York Times is often referred to as the United States ' `` newspaper of record '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b1e6306b5a4554bc1dd3df2d5a54270", "text": "Journalism ethics and standards Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by journalists . Historically and currently , this subset of media ethics is widely known to journalists as their professional `` code of ethics '' or the `` canons of journalism '' . The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements drafted by both professional journalism associations and individual print , broadcast , and online news organizations . While various existing codes have some differences , most share common elements including the principles of -- truthfulness , accuracy , objectivity , impartiality , fairness and public accountability -- as these apply to the acquisition of newsworthy information and its subsequent dissemination to the public . Like many broader ethical systems , journalism ethics include the principle of `` limitation of harm . '' This often involves the withholding of certain details from reports such as the names of minor children , crime victims ' names or information not materially related to particular news reports release of which might , for example , harm someone 's reputation . Some journalistic codes of ethics , notably the European ones , also include a concern with discriminatory references in news based on race , religion , sexual orientation , and physical or mental disabilities . The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved in 1993 Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism which recommends journalists to respect the presumption of innocence , in particular in cases that are still sub judice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "769f2ed88dd0c270a169a6e996e622cb", "text": "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review , also known as `` the Trib , '' was the second largest daily printed newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , in the United States until it transitioned to an all digital format on December 1 , 2016 . Founded on August 22 , 1811 as the Greensburg Gazette and in 1889 consolidated with several papers into the Greensburg Tribune-Review , the paper circulated only in the eastern suburban counties of Westmoreland and parts of Indiana and Fayette until May 1992 , when it began serving all of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area after a strike at the two Pittsburgh dailies , the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and Pittsburgh Press , deprived the city of a newspaper for several months . The Tribune-Review Publishing Company was owned by Richard Mellon Scaife , an heir to the Mellon banking , oil , and aluminum fortune , until his death in July 2014 . Scaife was a major funder of conservative organizations , including the Arkansas Project . Accordingly , the Tribune-Review has maintained a conservative editorial stance , contrasting with the more liberal Post-Gazette . In addition to its flagship paper , the company publishes 17 weekly community newspapers , the Pittsburgh Pennysaver , as well as TribLive.com and TribTotalMedia.com .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "387e5713a3783820f8da25ed2711a5c9", "text": "The Forecaster The Forecaster is a regional newspaper in southern Maine . It is published weekly and distributed for free . It publishes several different versions , including `` The Forecaster '' covering the city of Portland ; `` Northern Forecaster '' , which covers the towns north of Portland ( Falmouth , Cumberland , Yarmouth , North Yarmouth , and Freeport ; the `` Southern Forecaster '' , which covers the towns south of Portland ( South Portland , Cape Elizabeth , and Scarborough ) ; and a `` Mid-Coast '' edition which covers towns farther east along the coast , including Brunswick , Topsham , Harpswell and Bath . It is owned by the Sun Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "681103f9aa9b1543e84e3e6f9619025e", "text": "Spokane Natural Spokane Natural was an underground newspaper published biweekly in Spokane , Washington from May 5 , 1967 to November 13 , 1970 , by the Mandala Printshop , and edited by Russ Nobbs . It belonged to the Underground Press Syndicate and the Liberation News Service . The first issue was produced out of a converted barbershop storefront cum bookstore and hangout called the `` Hippie Mission '' on a cul-de-sac in Spokane , where Russ Nobbs and a visiting friend from the SF Bay area , Ormond Otvos wrote and produced the first 8 page issue on a hand-cranked Spirit duplicator . After several issues of pale blue `` Ditto '' print on white paper , The Natural moved to colored papers and occasionally colored ink with a Gestetner Mimeograph duplicator . Ultimately , the newspaper was printed on newsprint by sheet fed or web presses by various printers in Spokane , Seattle and Davenport , WA . Part of the Spokane community was hostile and the storefront 's windows were broken or shot out several times . One early contributor , George ( Martin ) Maloney Jr , replaced Ormond Otvos as co-editor and later edited the arts oriented Second Section of the Natural . Many local teenagers and college students helped with writing and street distribution/sales , leading to clashes with police and ACLU supported free speech efforts.The paper published `` Letters from Jail '' by catherine yronwode , who , along with 15 other people , had been arrested at nearby Tolstoy Peace Farm for growing marijuana . The staff and locals also served as a casual debriefing point for Vietnam war veterans , due to the paper 's strong pacifist editorial bent . The original intent of the paper was to bring news of the Summer of Love and opening of the culture taking place `` on the coasts '' , and eventually the paper 's circulation grew to about 3000 copies . By late 1970 Nobbs gave the paper away to local people who changed the paper 's name to the Provincial Press , keeping it alive under that title until May 1972 . As the Provincial Press it began to focus on gay issues , becoming Spokane 's first gay paper . Never achieving much of a national profile , the Natural was a lively but isolated outpost of the hippie counterculture in eastern Washington State . In 2010 Nobbs gave his full set of copies , photographic negatives , paste-ups and the original hand-cranked Gestetner mimeograph to the Eastern Washington Historical Society for their research library located on the grounds of the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "346cd0665b33c0753a068672aaab7fa1", "text": "List of newspapers in the United States This list of newspapers in the United States is a list of newspapers printed and distributed in the United States . It includes a list of the 25 newspapers in the United States with the most circulation , followed by lists of newspapers published in United States territory . Those lists are followed by a series of links to other lists of U.S. newspapers , organized by various categories . , the United States had 1,331 daily newspapers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5acbb08557d84f4dff22e9fa8477fcd", "text": "National Digital Newspaper Program The National Digital Newspaper Program is a joint project between the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress to create and maintain a publicly available , online digital archive of historically significant newspapers published in the United States between 1836 and 1922 . Additionally , the program will make available bibliographic records and holdings information for some 140,000 newspaper titles from the 17th century to the present . Further , it will include scope notes and encyclopedia-style entries discussing the historical significance of specific newspapers . Added content will also include contextually relevant historical information . `` One organization within each U.S. state or territory will receive an award to collaborate with relevant state partners in this effort . '' In March 2007 more than 226,000 pages of newspapers from California , Florida , Kentucky , New York , Utah , Virginia and the District of Columbia published between 1900 and 1910 were put online at a fully searchable site called `` Chronicling America . '' As of December 2007 , the total number of pages is about 413,000 . This further expanded to be 1 million pages in 2009 . Funding through the National Endowment for the Humanities is carried out through their `` We The People '' initiative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c55d956ee519b4dd00835e40c5bbc0c", "text": "Philadelphia Metro Metro is a free daily newspaper in Philadelphia which began publishing on January 24 , 2000 . Its main competition is The Philadelphia Daily News . In 2004 , Metro surpassed The Daily News in circulation , 143,798 to 141,868 , to move into second behind 372,297 for The Philadelphia Inquirer '' 's . It was the first Metro '' edition published in North America and the ninth edition since the first in Stockholm in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1064265912a3a0f4a900984b2ea26806", "text": "Dallas Dispatch The Dallas Dispatch was a daily evening newspaper published in Dallas , Texas ( USA ) from 1906 until it was combined with the evening Dallas Journal in 1938 to create The Dallas Dispatch-Journal , the name of which was shortened to The Dallas Journal in 1939 and which ceased publication in 1942 . The Dispatch began publication on September 17 , 1906 with a four-page issue . ( It presumably was not related to an earlier Dallas Dispatch , which had gone out of business in July 1894 . ) The paper was owned by the Scripps-McRae Association . Alfred O. Andersson was its first editor and H. J. Richmond its first business manager . Andersson was its publisher for most of the newspaper 's existence , and Lewis W. Bailey was its editor for many years . Andersson retired as publisher in March 1937 without relinquishing his ownership interest , and in June 1938 he formed The Dispatch-Journal Publishing Company with Karl Hoblitzelle and John Moroney to acquire the Dispatch and another evening newspaper , The Dallas Journal , which had been a sister publication of The Dallas Morning News . The resulting Dallas Dispatch-Journal was published six evenings a week with no Sunday edition . The Dispatch lived on as part of the new publication 's name until December 1939 , when James M. West , Sr. of Houston acquired control and shortened the name to The Dallas Journal . The Dispatch campaigned for an emergency hospital , the cleaning up of criminal law enforcement , and new franchises for city utilities . It gave more attention to crime news than did its competition and `` probably set some kind of record with extra editions . '' It was said that it would `` print anything a reporter was big enough to sign his name to , '' and that that once included using `` ass '' ( referring to a donkey ) in a headline , turning that edition into a collector 's item . Dispatch employees included James F. Chambers , Jr. , a sports and crime reporter who became president and publisher of The Dallas Times-Herald , and Ralph Hall , who served in the Texas Senate and is now a member of the U.S. House of Representatives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6139895c797a2cd9e3ce912746cd210c", "text": "Portland Observer (Oregon) The Portland Observer is one of the oldest African-American newspapers in the U.S. state of Oregon . Established in 1970 , it is published weekly ( on Wednesdays ) , in Portland , Oregon . Rev. Alfred L. Henderson founded the paper in the 1970s , in the tradition of the People 's Observer , a 1940s publication that had ceased publication in 1950 . ( That paper also originally went by the name of `` Portland Observer . '' ) Joyce Washington was the publisher from the mid-1980s until her death in 1996 . Her son Charles Washington , a Portland native and a graduate of Jefferson High School , then took over as publisher , and he died in December 2012 . Portland politician , radio host , restauranteur , and veteran Bruce Broussard has held a leadership position at the paper .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9944e714d8bd27f31d839faeb5eb9295	Miles Teller was born in 1857.	[ { "docid": "6078531cff4e73197d988cd48c3ab11c", "text": "Miles Teller Miles Alexander Teller ( born February 20 , 1987 ) is an American actor . Born in Downingtown , Pennsylvania and an alumnus of NYU 's Tisch School of Arts , he appeared in several short films and television movies before making his feature film debut in Rabbit Hole ( 2010 ) . He had supporting roles in Footloose ( 2011 ) and Project X ( 2012 ) , before garnering critical acclaim for his leading performance as Sutter Keely in The Spectacular Now ( 2013 ) , for which he was awarded the Sundance Film Festival Special Jury Prize for Dramatic Acting and his role as Andrew Neiman in Whiplash , for which he was nominated for the Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Actor , the Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture , and the BAFTA Rising Star Award .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3f1947614a5e69d5539a858a9a4a8ad4", "text": "Miles Martindale Miles Martindale ( 1756 -- 1824 ) was an English Wesleyan minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dabaf95c116dca9d90e85eb3df33ecd", "text": "The Scout (Buffalo Bill statue) The Scout , a bronze statue of a mounted rider outside the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody , Wyoming , was placed in 1924 to commemorate the town 's most famous resident and de facto founder , Buffalo Bill Cody . Originally in open land on the western outskirts of Cody , the statue today stands at the end of Sheridan Avenue , the town 's main thoroughfare , as the town has grown to the west . The project was initiated by Cody 's niece , Mary Jester Allen , who had established the basis of what would become the Buffalo Bill Historical Center . A New Yorker , she persuaded heiress and artist Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney to sculpt the piece . Despite the offer of two existing sites in Cody , Vanderbilt selected and bought the final Cody site . Her first efforts attracted criticism for the type of horse , its pose , and its tack , all of which were regarded as too `` eastern . '' She then arranged for a horse named `` Smokey '' from Cody 's TE Ranch to be shipped to New York , along with a cowboy from Cody to pose in the saddle . The statue was dedicated on July 4 , 1924 in the presence of an unusual number of dignitaries for such a remote location . It stands on a large stone base , meant to represent nearby Cedar Mountain , which Cody chose as his gravesite . The base is a consciously ironic statement , since Cody was buried , against his wishes , at Lookout Mountain in Colorado . In time , Sheridan Avenue was extended to the statue and loops around the site . The Buffalo Bill Historical Center is located nearby . Vanderbilt funded most of the estimated $ 50,000 cost for the memorial out of her own pocket . She would go on to establish the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1931 . Her son , Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney would fund the establishment of the Whitney Museum of Western Art at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center . The statue 's full title is Buffalo Bill - The Scout . The statue was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e281237a1da91775b3ccfad50e78ab4", "text": "Arthur Anderson (actor) Arthur John Miles Anderson ( August 29 , 1922 -- April 9 , 2016 ) was an American actor of radio , film , television , and stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc9a0b973d3f73743a1998ff1808096d", "text": "George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument The George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument , also known as Sighting the Enemy , is an equestrian statue of General George Armstrong Custer by Edward Clark Potter , located in Monroe , Michigan . The statue was unveiled on June 4 , 1910 by President William Howard Taft and the widowed Elizabeth Custer . It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on June 15 , 1992 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 9 , 1994 . While Custer was not born in Monroe , he lived much of his early childhood there with relatives and attended the schools in Monroe . During his youth , he met his future wife Elizabeth Bacon , whom he returned to marry in 1864 . Custer left Monroe to attend the United States Military Academy and fight in the Civil War . Because of his hard work and success during the war -- as well as the Union 's need for officers -- he was promoted to the rank of Major General and became a very well-known military figure . After the Civil War , he fought in the Indian Wars in the West . His previous accomplishments in the Civil War , however , were overshadowed by his catastrophic defeat and death at the Battle of the Little Big Horn on June 25 , 1876 . To honor him , a $ 24,000 , 14-foot ( 4.27 m ) bronze equestrian statue , sculpted by Edward Clark Potter , was unveiled in Monroe in 1910 by President William Howard Taft and the widowed Elizabeth Bacon Custer . The statue commemorates his successful actions during the Civil War and not his more well-known defeat in 1876 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1712aa89bdbd4f6c719d9716af3b12ee", "text": "Miles Bronson Miles Bronson ( 1812 -- 1883 ) , was one of the first American Baptist missionaries who worked in the state of Assam in northeastern India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6ec2b8bd939432ce9d79a8ffb631c1a", "text": "Little Missouri River (North Dakota) The Little Missouri River is a tributary of the Missouri River , 560 miles ( 901 km ) long , in the northern Great Plains of the United States . Rising in northeastern Wyoming , in western Crook County about 15 miles ( 24 km ) west of Devils Tower , it flows northeastward , across a corner of southeastern Montana , and into South Dakota . In South Dakota , it flows northward through the Badlands into North Dakota , crossing the Little Missouri National Grassland and both units of Theodore Roosevelt National Park . In the north unit of the park , it turns eastward and flows into the Missouri in Dunn County at Lake Sakakawea , where it forms an arm of the reservoir 30 miles ( 48 km ) long called Little Missouri Bay and joins the main channel of the Missouri about 25 miles ( 40 km ) northeast of Killdeer . The highly seasonal runoff from badlands and other treeless landscapes along the Little Missouri carries heavy loads of eroded sediment downstream . The sedimentary layers , which extend from the headwaters in Wyoming all the way to the mouth in North Dakota , vary in age , but most of the beds along the river belong to the Bullion Creek and Sentinel Butte formations , both deposited during the Paleocene ( about 66 to 56 million years ago ) . The deposits include siltstone , claystone , sandstone , and lignite coal laid down in a coastal plain during the Laramide orogeny .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f56ad681d10e568882d5d63c9c37580", "text": "His Chance in Life `` His Chance in Life '' is a short story by Rudyard Kipling . It was first published in the first Indian edition of Plain Tales from the Hills ( 1888 ) , and in subsequent editions of that collection . The story is illuminating about Kipling 's attitudes to race , which are less cut-and-dried than is often thought . Kipling is interesting , if not very detailed , on people of mixed race and the snobberies involved . ( For some detail , see the Kipling Society notes . ) The epigraph includes the line '' ` Love hath made this thing a Man ' '' , which adumbrates one of Kipling 's themes in this story , as in others . The ` love ' in ` His Chance in Life ' is that between Michele d'Cruze , who `` looked down on natives as only a man with seven-eighths native blood in his veins can '' and Miss Vezzis , similarly `` from across the Borderline '' `` where the last drop of White blood ends and the full tide of black sets in '' . D'Cruze works as a telegrapher , and Miss Vezzis ' Mamma wo n't let them marry till he earns at least 50 rupees per month : he has 35 rupees a month at the start of the story . The story concerns his new posting to the telegraph station at Tibasu , a remote sub-station whose real function is only to relay messages . One day in the Muslim period of Mohurrum , the locals start a riot , with Hindus and Muslims joining in : `` It was a nasty little riot , but not worth putting in the papers . '' An angry crowd approaches Michele 's office with the intention of wrecking it . ( `` Never forget that unless the outward and visible signs of Our Authority are always before a native he is as incapable as a child of understanding what authority means , or where is the danger of disobeying it '' - a second theme of Kipling 's is that of the difference between the British and the Indian , in terms of ` fitness to rule ' . ) The Native Police Inspector panics , but obeys `` the old race-instinct which recognises a drop of White blood as far as it can be diluted '' , asks `` the Sahib '' for orders . `` The Sahib decided Michele . '' He leads the native police and fires on the crowd , killing a man , whereupon the others flee `` curs to a man '' . A deputation of the locals claim he has acted unconstitutionality , citing the ( presumably native ) Sub-Judge . Michele replies that he is the effective Government , and the deputation `` bowed their heads '' . The next day , Michele greets the Sub-Collector . '' -LSB- I -RSB- n the presence of this young Englishman '' , Michele loses the effect of whiteness and weeps , to his shame . `` But the Englishman understood '' , reports Michele 's conduct favourably , through the Proper Channels , and he is transferred back ` up-country ' on a salary of 66 rupees per month . So he marries Miss Vezzis . `` Which proves that , when a man does good work out of all proportion to his pay , in seven cases out of nine there is a woman at the back of the virtue . '' All quotations in this article have been taken from the Uniform Edition of Plain Tales from the Hills published by Macmillan & Co. , Limited in London in 1899 . The text is that of the third edition ( 1890 ) , and the author of the article has used his own copy of the 1923 reprint . Further comment , including page-by-page notes , can be found on the Kipling Society 's website . Category :1888 short stories Category : Short stories by Rudyard Kipling Category : Rudyard Kipling stories about India", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07982d6b961c6e305b7818042367bfdc", "text": "Israel Jefferson Israel Jefferson ( c. 1800 -- after 1873 ) , known as Israel Gillette before 1844 , was born a slave at Monticello , the plantation estate of Thomas Jefferson , third President of the United States . He worked as a domestic servant close to Jefferson for years , and also rode with his brothers as a postilion for the landau carriage . After 1826 , Gillette was sold to Thomas Walker Gilmer as part of the sale of 130 slaves from Monticello following Jefferson 's death , when many families were broken up . He purchased his freedom from Gilmer in 1844 and took the surname of Jefferson . According to his memoir , this was at the suggestion of a clerk when he registered as a free man . Jefferson and his freeborn wife Elizabeth moved to the free state of Ohio , where he worked on a steamboat . In 1873 , he was interviewed and his memoir was published in the Pike County Republican , the same year as a memoir by Madison Hemings , also a former slave at Monticello . Jefferson 's memoir provided detailed information on life at Monticello . In it , he also attested to Thomas Jefferson 's fathering the children of Sally Hemings , affirming Madison 's account . In 1998 , a DNA study helped to confirm his account , as it showed a match between the Jefferson male line and a descendant of Eston Hemings , the youngest son .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83793d9c84228ff30128e682f196de24", "text": "Miles of Fire Miles of Fire/The Burning Miles ( Огненные вёрсты , translit . Ognennye versty ) is an early Red Western filmed by Samson Samsonov in 1957 . Often considered the earliest of the ` Red Westerns ' ( or ` Osterns ' ) , it was made before the term was coined . The film is a Russian civil war drama , focusing on the conflict between the Reds and the Whites . One-time Mosfilm actor Samsonov had a versatile directorial career prior to The Burning Miles , fresh from an adaptation of Chekhov 's The Grasshopper that won two prizes at the Venice Film Festival . He was later awarded the title of ` People 's Artist of the USSR ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3542502ca55a08f4dc35a71a05b05d4a", "text": "Leopold Teller Leopold Teller ( April 3 , 1844 , Budapest - 1908 ) was a Hungarian actor . For a time he studied medicine at the University of Vienna , but in 1862 he went to Ljubljana , where he joined a theatrical company . During the following ten years he played at small theaters in Jihlava , Klagenfurt , Opava , Budapest , Leipzig , and Liebenstein ; from 1874 to 1890 he was a member of the `` Meininger '' , and appeared in such roles as Shylock , Iago , Gessler , Franz Moor , and Marinelli . On leaving the `` Meininger '' he secured an engagement at the Stadttheater in Hamburg , where his principal roles were Graf Trast , Doctor Crusius , and Graf Menges . In 1899 he retired from the stage , and settled as teacher of elocution in Hamburg . He has written a play entitled `` Wintersonnenwende '' , which had considerable success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "853ebc2b0743592b857cb5d441ad98b3", "text": "John George Alexander Leishman John George Alexander Leishman ( March 28 , 1857 -- March 27 , 1924 ) was an American businessman and diplomat . He worked in various executive positions at Carnegie Steel Company and later served as an ambassador for the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "239520d931accc3b31d888c4d2907547", "text": "Richard Miles (diplomat) Richard Monroe Miles ( born 1937 ) is an American diplomat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "682c558fff0f516727fd6dd87d09553b", "text": "Hanoch Teller Hanoch Teller ( born 1956 ) is an Orthodox Jewish rabbi , author , lecturer , and producer who popularized the Jewish literary genre of true , contemporary stories to convey inspirational and ethical themes . Author of 28 books , Teller is also a tour guide in Jerusalem , Israel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c39e31f57e1689a23c62d9014aa3f2c0", "text": "Miles Anderson Miles Anderson ( born 23 October 1947 ) is a Zimbabwean stage and television actor , who has appeared in television serials both in the United Kingdom , and North America . He recently appeared as Martin Millar , in the BBC soap opera Doctors . Born in 1947 in Rhodesia , now Zimbabwe , Anderson was educated at Prince Edward School . His father commanded the Rhodesian Army and his mother Daphne , wrote a memoir of her difficult childhood in Rhodesia . He has appeared in the US television series , Criminal Minds , as well as the ongoing show Ultimate Force as Colonel Aiden Dempsey . He had previously played Lt. Col. Dan Fortune in ITV 's Soldier Soldier ( series 1 and 2 only , 1991 -- 92 ) . He was awarded the 1982 London Critics ' Circle Drama Theatre Award for Best Supporting Actor of 1981 for his performances in The Twin Rivals and The Witch of Edmonton . His numerous performances for television include Fall of Eagles , Z-Cars , The Sweeney . Campion , House of Cards , Oliver 's Travels , Every Woman Knows a Secret and Holby City . Anderson has also appeared in two episodes of Midsomer Murders entitled `` Death In Disguise '' and `` Last Year 's Model '' , and was the voice of Poseidon in the 1997 TV adaptation of The Odyssey . Most recently he was seen as Major Marchbanks in the BBC adaptation of Philip Pullman 's The Ruby in the Smoke and he appeared in 2007 in the sixth series of the crime-drama Waking the Dead . In 2008 , he made a brief appearance as Edward Tunstall in the BBC 's EastEnders . He narrated the Sky1 version of the New Zealand documentary The Lion Man and appeared in an episode of A Touch of Frost . In 2010 , Anderson appeared as the title character in The Madness of George III mounted by director Adrian Noble at San Diego 's Old Globe Theatre . He won the San Diego 's Critics ' Circle award for Best Actor . In 2011 , he played Prospero in The Tempest and Salieri in Amadeus , both directed by Noble . In 2013 he again won the San Diego Critic 's Circle Award for his Shylock in Adrian Noble 's production of Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice . In 2015 he appeared as Renard in the BBC TV series The Musketeers episode 2.5 `` The Return '' . His film credits include roles in The Thirty Nine Steps ( 1978 ) , The Shillingbury Blowers ( 1980 ) , Sky Bandits ( 1986 ) and Cry Freedom ( 1987 ) , among others . He is an associate member of RADA and the father of actor Joe Anderson and Max Anderson the 2006 and 2011 World Streetboard Champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df3a5da91b29cc7360877688ed39dfc8", "text": "The £1,000,000 Bank Note and Other New Stories The # 1,000,000 Bank Note and Other New Stories is an 1893 collection of short stories by American writer Mark Twain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8a18d60f8ac88429256b6b7507d07b6", "text": "Keith Miles Keith Miles ( born 1940 ) is a writer of historical fiction and mystery novels . He has also written children 's books , radio and television dramas and stage plays . He is best known under the pseudonym Edward Marston , and has also written as Martin Inigo and Conrad Allen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "076b37b3f62cb6f284b92ca392de7470", "text": "The Fortune Teller (de La Tour) The Fortune Teller is an oil painting of circa 1630 by the French artist Georges de La Tour . The work was uncovered in about 1960 and purchased that year by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York . François Georges Pariset described the painting in The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin , attributing it to La Tour -- a likely choice given the calligraphic signature at top right : `` G. de La Tour Fecit Luneuilla Lothar '' ( `` G -LSB- eorges -RSB- de La Tour made this , Lunéville , Lorraine '' ) . Its authenticity has been questioned in the intervening years , notably by the English art historian Christopher Wright , but The Fortune Teller is generally accepted as La Tour 's work . The artist is better known for his chiaroscuro religious compositions , in which the figures are illuminated by a single light source and lack the elaborate costume detail of the The Fortune Teller 's characters . The painting catches a moment in which a young man of some wealth is having his fortune told by the old woman at right ; she takes the coin from his hand , not only in payment , but as part of the ritual in which she will cross his hand with it . Most or all of the women portrayed are gypsies , and , furthering the stereotype of the time , they are depicted as thieves . As the young man is engrossed in the fortune-telling -- an act which , if discovered , would have repercussions for both him and the gypsies -- the leftmost woman is stealing the coin purse from his pocket , while her companion in profile has a hand ready to receive the loot . The pale-faced girl on the boy 's left is less clearly a gypsy , but is also in on the act as she cuts a medal worn by the boy from its chain . The figures in the painting are close together , as if in a play , and the composition may have been influenced by a theatrical scene . The modern discovery of the painting is said to be traced to a French prisoner of war who viewed La Tour 's works in a monograph and found a likeness with a painting hung in a relative 's castle . A knowledgeable priest identified it as a La Tour work and informed the Louvre , which entered negotiations to buy the painting . The art dealer Georges Wildenstein outbid the museum , however , purchasing the painting in 1949 for 7.5 million francs . For a decade it remained with the dealer , until in 1960 the Metropolitan Museum of Art paid an undisclosed but `` very high sum of money '' for The Fortune Teller . How the painting had been able to leave France became a matter of controversy in the French press , and the writer André Malraux , then French Minister of Culture , attempted to explain to the National Assembly why the work did not end up in the Louvre . It later emerged that the export licence was signed by the art historian Germain Bazin , who was head of old master paintings at the Louvre ; Wright speculates that he had sufficient doubt about the work not to want it for the Louvre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "184dbc7ca195ae5f6dc424ea7e879ff5", "text": "The $30,000 Bequest and Other Stories The $ 30,000 Bequest and Other Stories ( 1906 ) is a collection of thirty comic short stories by the iconic American humorist and writer Mark Twain . The stories contained span the course of his career , from `` Advice to Young Girls '' in 1865 to the titular tale in 1904 . Although Twain had ample time to refine his short stories between their original publication date and this collection , there is little evidence to suggest he took an active interest in doing so . `` A Burlesque Biography '' contains only a few minor technical revisions which make it different from the 1871 version found in Mark Twain 's '' ( Burlesque ) Autobiography and First Romance '' . `` Advice to Little Girls '' shows slight revision from its earlier publication in The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d5b50d48bac264541cb6d1511193f5b", "text": "Reid Miles Reid Miles ( 4 July 1927 -- 2 February 1993 ) was an American graphic designer and photographer best known for his iconic work for Blue Note Records in the 1950s and 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d00a361010ca9bf12b99d7833456480d", "text": "William Lang (athlete) William Lang ( born about 1838 ) was a professional British runner , who set world records in numerous running events in the 1860s , including a mile record which stood for 16 years . In the 1850s and 1860s , with the advent of accurate timing devices and precisely measured running courses , the sport of running , called `` pedestrianism , '' became extremely popular , especially in Britain . On 19 August 1865 , the greatest field of milers ever assembled to that time raced at the Royal Oak Grounds in Manchester for the Mile Championship Cup , ₤ 30 , and title of `` Champion Miler of the World . '' Included in the field of nine professionals were Siah Albison , who had set a mile record at the same location in 1860 at 4:22 1/4 , Lang who had broken Albison 's record in 1863 , and Edward Mills , the current record holder in the event at 4:20 , set on 25 June 1864 also at Manchester . Lang was nicknamed the `` Crowcatcher '' and had set records in the two mile and six mile events in 1863 . He had also run the mile in 4:21 3/4 that year and was eager to win this race . A crowd of 15,000 watched the race , which also included Scot Robert McInstray , world-record holder in the 880-yard race , 4:21 1/2 miler James Sanderson , the Welsh mile champion William Richards and half-miler rabbit James Nuttall . As bets were being placed , word came through that Mills was limping and would not be able to compete , meaning that Lang was now the clear favourite . Nuttall led the field around the 651-yard track and hit the quarter-mile mark in 60 seconds , an unsustainable pace . The crowd cheered , and excitement built as Nuttall hit the half in 2:05 1/2 . Nuttall started to fade , and Lang took over the lead and at the 3/4 mile point with a time of 3:14 , which the crowd realized was fast enough to make this the first-ever mile run under 4:20 . As Lang headed into the backstretch , he tried to pull away , but McInstray kept pace as did the previously unheralded Richards . Albion had faded badly and was no longer a factor . As the three came onto the homestretch , the crowd roared , and McInstray lost ground . Richards , on the other hand , gained on Lang . At the finish , Richards pulled even and he and Lang crossed the line together . Though Lang 's supporters howled with rage , the judges ruled the race a tie . Their time was 4:17 1/4 , a time not surpassed until William Cummings ran 4:16 16 years later . Because the public was not satisfied with a tie , a run-off was held a week later , and Lang beat Richards in 4:22 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bec6c167ab2b68da0ddf9238343393a7	Water occurs in nature as a bear.	[ { "docid": "122401e0d101eb8cbcee50e425d116e4", "text": "Water Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth 's streams , lakes , and oceans , and the fluids of most living organisms . Its chemical formula is H2O , meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms , that are connected by covalent bonds . Water strictly refers to the liquid state of that substance , that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure ; but it often refers also to its solid state ( ice ) or its gaseous state ( steam or water vapor ) . It also occurs in nature as snow , glaciers , ice packs and icebergs , clouds , fog , dew , aquifers , and atmospheric humidity . Water covers 71 % of the Earth 's surface . It is vital for all known forms of life . On Earth , 96.5 % of the planet 's crust water is found in seas and oceans , 1.7 % in groundwater , 1.7 % in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland , a small fraction in other large water bodies , and 0.001 % in the air as vapor , clouds ( formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air ) , and precipitation . Only 2.5 % of this water is freshwater , and 98.8 % of that water is in ice ( excepting ice in clouds ) and groundwater . Less than 0.3 % of all freshwater is in rivers , lakes , and the atmosphere , and an even smaller amount of the Earth 's freshwater ( 0.003 % ) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products . A greater quantity of water is found in the earth 's interior . Water on Earth moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation and transpiration ( evapotranspiration ) , condensation , precipitation , and runoff , usually reaching the sea . Evaporation and transpiration contribute to the precipitation over land . Large amounts of water are also chemically combined or adsorbed in hydrated minerals . Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other lifeforms even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients . Access to safe drinking water has improved over the last decades in almost every part of the world , but approximately one billion people still lack access to safe water and over 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation . There is a clear correlation between access to safe water and gross domestic product per capita . However , some observers have estimated that by 2025 more than half of the world population will be facing water-based vulnerability . A report , issued in November 2009 , suggests that by 2030 , in some developing regions of the world , water demand will exceed supply by 50 % . Water plays an important role in the world economy . Approximately 70 % of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture . Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world . Much of long-distance trade of commodities ( such as oil and natural gas ) and manufactured products is transported by boats through seas , rivers , lakes , and canals . Large quantities of water , ice , and steam are used for cooling and heating , in industry and homes . Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances ; as such it is widely used in industrial processes , and in cooking and washing . Water is also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment , such as swimming , pleasure boating , boat racing , surfing , sport fishing , and diving .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "96f12c6bab5904578872ffc015e7a3d9", "text": "Modern Mars habitability One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is , or ever has been life on Mars . Mars probably had oceans in the past , and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere . Modern Mars has become cold , dry , and almost uninhabitable , yet , if life did ever arise on Mars , some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present . The only missions to search for life on Mars , the two Viking missions , returned results that were inconclusive . However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars , which may have confused the results of the experiments . Also , they did n't know enough about Mars at that time to target the regions we now think are most likely to have present day life . Life would meet many challenges on present day Mars . Liquid water boils at 0 ° C , over much of its surface . Even at the depths of the Hellas basin , any water is close to its boiling point of 10 ° C and will dry out quickly . Ice also evaporates into the atmosphere over geological timescales - and most of the equatorial regions are thought to be dry to depths of tens of meters . As its axial tilt varies , Mars atmosphere is sometimes thicker , and liquid water may then form on the surface - but any dormant life in the top few meters of soil would be destroyed over periods of millions of years by cosmic radiation . However , in 2008 , droplets were observed on the landing legs of Phoenix . Sadly , there was no way to analyse them , but the leading hypothesis is that they were droplets of salty water . Phoenix also made isotopic measurements which show that the Mars atmosphere has exchanged oxygen molecules with liquid on the surface in the recent geological past . This could indicate either recent episodic occurrences of liquid water ( for instance after a meteorite strike ) or water present every year , in contact with the atmosphere . We now know of many seasonal changes in the surface of Mars which are only visible in high resolution photographs . Most of these are now thought to be caused by dry ice or wind effects . However , the `` Recurrent slope lineae '' , and some of the `` flow like features '' form in conditions that suggest the occasional presence of small quantities of water on Mars . The evidence of flowing brines in the RSLs is strong , though it 's not known if they are habitable . Curiosity has also found indirect evidence of a brine layer 15 cm below the sands that it drives over , though most scientists think that this layer is not habitable for Earth life . Recent Mars surface simulations by Nilton Renno and his team have shown that small droplets of water can form on salt / ice interfaces for a few hours per day almost anywhere on the surface of Mars , and this may explain the Phoenix leg droplets observations . In a separate development , research by the German aerospace company DLR in Mars simulation chambers and on the ISS show that some Earth life can survive simulated Mars surface conditions without any water at all , and photosynthesize and metabolize , slowly . It can do this using the high relative humidity of the Mars atmosphere at night . All of this work was done after the Phoenix discoveries in 2008 . Other potential habitats include lakes formed in the higher latitudes after cometary or meteorite impacts , or as a result of volcanism . Covered by ice , these may remain liquid for centuries , or up to a few thousand years for the largest impacts . The planet may also have underground trapped layers of water heated by geothermal hotspots . Also there are suggestions that Mars may have a deep hydrosphere , a liquid layer below its cryosphere , a few kilometers below the surface . Deep rock habitats on Earth are inhabited by life so if this layer exists , it may also be habitable on Mars . The main questions are Do these potential habitats exist ? Are they habitable ? For instance , liquid water , if present , could be too cold , or too salty for Earth life Are they in fact inhabited by any forms of life ? As Mars is so inhospitable , life might not be able to spread to new habitats easily . So there might be life in some of the habitats and not in others . Or life on Mars may have gone extinct , or never evolved at all , in which case none of the habitats would be inhabited . These discoveries have renewed interest in this topic , with many astrobiologists saying that they think present day Mars may be more habitable than previously thought . The first conference on the Present Day Habitability of Mars was held in 2013 in UCLA . The 2017 conference session on Modern Mars Habitability will run from April 24 -- 28 in Mesa , Arizona", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67065b5ebe4ccdc4a6b6725e9d749348", "text": "Thirst Thirst is the craving for fluids , resulting in the basic instinct of animals to drink . It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance . It arises from a lack of fluids or an increase in the concentration of certain osmolites , such as salt . If the water volume of the body falls below a certain threshold or the osmolite concentration becomes too high , the brain signals thirst . Continuous dehydration can cause many problems , but is most often associated with renal problems and neurological problems such as seizures . Excessive thirst , known as polydipsia , along with excessive urination , known as polyuria , may be an indication of diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus . There are receptors and other systems in the body that detect a decreased volume or an increased osmolite concentration . They signal to the central nervous system , where central processing succeeds . Some sources , therefore , distinguish `` extracellular thirst '' from `` intracellular thirst '' , where extracellular thirst is thirst generated by decreased volume and intracellular thirst is thirst generated by increased osmolite concentration . Nevertheless , the craving itself is something generated from central processing in the brain , no matter how it is detected .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "babeca7ee960ab2f31f9e375a4ae697a", "text": "Groundwater recharge Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater . Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer . This process usually occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and is often expressed as a flux to the water table surface . Recharge occurs both naturally ( through the water cycle ) and through anthropogenic processes ( i.e. , `` artificial groundwater recharge '' ) , where rainwater and or reclaimed water is routed to the subsurface .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53e86b7fc730c0017e8a07d32a271fa7", "text": "Properties of water Water is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid , nearly colorless with a hint of blue . This simplest hydrogen chalcogenide is by far the most studied chemical compound and is described as the `` universal solvent '' for its ability to dissolve many substances . This allows it to be the `` solvent of life '' . It is the only common substance to exist as a solid , liquid , and gas in nature . Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and are strongly polar . This polarity allows it to separate ions in salts and strongly bond to other polar substances such as alcohols and acids , thus dissolving them . Its hydrogen bonding causes its many unique properties , such as having a solid form less dense than its liquid form , a relatively high boiling point of 100 ° C for its molar mass , and a high heat capacity . Water is amphoteric , meaning it is both an acid and a base -- it produces and ions by self ionization . This regulates the concentrations of and ions in water . Due to water being a very good solvent , it is rarely pure and some of the properties of impure water can vary from those of the pure substance . However , there are also many compounds that are essentially , if not completely , insoluble in water , such as fats , oils and other non-polar substances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20bbada588f2df16e0c457f397676cb3", "text": "Habitat A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal , plant , or other type of organism . The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food , shelter , protection and mates for reproduction . It is the natural environment in which an organism lives , or the physical environment that surrounds a species population . A habitat is made up of physical factors such as soil , moisture , range of temperature , and light intensity as well as biotic factors such as the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators . Every organism has certain habitat needs for the conditions in which it will thrive , but some are tolerant of wide variations while others are very specific in their requirements . A habitat is not necessarily a geographical area , it can be the interior of a stem , a rotten log , a rock or a clump of moss , and for a parasitic organism it is the body of its host , part of the host 's body such as the digestive tract , or a single cell within the host 's body . Habitat types include polar , temperate , subtropical and tropical . The terrestrial vegetation type may be forest , steppe , grassland , semi-arid or desert . Fresh water habitats include marshes , streams , rivers , lakes , ponds and estuaries , and marine habitats include salt marshes , the coast , the intertidal zone , reefs , bays , the open sea , the sea bed , deep water and submarine vents . Habitats change over time . This may be due to a violent event such as the eruption of a volcano , an earthquake , a tsunami , a wildfire or a change in oceanic currents ; or the change may be more gradual over millennia with alterations in the climate , as ice sheets and glaciers advance and retreat , and as different weather patterns bring changes of precipitation and solar radiation . Other changes come as a direct result of human activities ; deforestation , the ploughing of ancient grasslands , the diversion and damming of rivers , the draining of marshland and the dredging of the seabed . The introduction of alien species can have a devastating effect on native wildlife , through increased predation , through competition for resources or through the introduction of pests and diseases to which the native species have no immunity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46ce0ed13ab0fffdb537ce96b3b62267", "text": "Urine Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in the bodies of many animals , including humans . It is expelled from the kidneys and flows through the ureters to the urinary bladder , from which it is soon excreted from the body through the urethra during urination . Cellular metabolism generates numerous by-products , many nitrogenous ( rich in nitrogen ) , that require clearance from the bloodstream . These by-products are eventually expelled from the body during urination , the primary method for excreting water-soluble chemicals from the body . These chemicals can be detected and analyzed by urinalysis . Of the many such substances that exist , the three main nitrogenous wastes of the mammalian body are urea , uric acid , and creatinine . Animal urine forms part of the nitrogen cycle . In balanced ecosystems it fertilizes soil and plants , which in turn continue to support the animal population . Some animals use it to mark their territories . Human urine and human feces are collectively referred to as human waste ; as sewage , they require sewage treatment in places where population density is high . Livestock urine and feces similarly require proper management if the livestock population density is high . Such management is part of ecological sanitation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c301ccce6b798936d9e4e5acc7982f", "text": "Wild animal", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d597decc5ee7b1e63473a32b2032e9f0", "text": "Volcanic dam A volcanic dam is a type of natural dam produced directly or indirectly by volcanism , which holds or temporarily restricts the flow of surface water in existing streams , like a man-made dam . There are two main types of volcanic dams , those created by the flow of molten lava , and those created by the primary or secondary deposition of pyroclastic material and debris . This classification generally excludes other , often larger and longer lived dam-type geologic features , separately termed crater lakes , although these volcanic centers may be associated with the source of material for volcanic dams , and the lowest portion of its confining rim may be considered as such a dam , especially if the lake level within the crater is relatively high . Volcanic dams generally occur worldwide , in association with former and active volcanic provinces , and are known to have existed in the geologic record , in historic times and occur in the present day . Their removal or failure is similarly recorded . The longevity , and extent varies widely , having periods ranging from a few days , weeks or years to several hundred thousand years or more , and dimensions ranging from a few meters to hundreds , to several thousand . The emplacement , internal structure , distribution and longevity of such dams can be related variously to the amount , rapidity and duration of ( primary ) geothermal energy released , and the rock material made available ; other considerations include the rock types produced , their physical and toughness characteristics , and their various modes of deposition . Depositional modes include gravity flow of molten lava at the surface , gravity flow or fall of pyroclastics through the air , as well as the redistribution and transportation of those materials by gravity and water .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc82e65fff809d5c1f127e386ca4c4cb", "text": "Hydrology Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement , distribution , and quality of water on Earth and other planets , including the water cycle , water resources and environmental watershed sustainability . A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist , working within the fields of earth or environmental science , physical geography , geology or civil and environmental engineering . Using various analytical methods and scientific techniques , they collect and analyze data to help solve water related problems such as environmental preservation , natural disasters , and water management . Hydrology subdivides into surface water hydrology , groundwater hydrology ( hydrogeology ) , and marine hydrology . Domains of hydrology include hydrometeorology , surface hydrology , hydrogeology , drainage-basin management and water quality , where water plays the central role . Oceanography and meteorology are not included because water is only one of many important aspects within those fields . Hydrological research can inform environmental engineering , policy and planning . The term hydrology comes from Greek : ὕδωρ , hýdōr , `` water '' ; and λόγος , lógos , `` study '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9eef9edc6e39b31a3b93dd0ade23757", "text": "Paleoflooding The phenomenon of paleoflooding is apparent in the geologic record over various spatial and temporal scales . It often occurred on a large scale , and was the result of either glacial ice melt causing large outbursts of freshwater , or high sea levels breaching bodies of freshwater . If a freshwater outflow event was large enough that the water reached the ocean system , it caused changes in salinity that potentially affected ocean circulation and global climate . Freshwater flows could also accumulate to form continental glacial lakes , and this is another indicator of large-scale flooding . In contrast , periods of high global sea level ( often during interglacials ) could cause marine water to breach natural dams and flow into bodies of freshwater . Changes in salinity of freshwater and marine bodies can be detected from the analysis of organisms that inhabited those bodies at a given time , as certain organisms are more suited to live in either fresh or saline conditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d48fcbdec0e3fb5add8248d110eaa4", "text": "Drift ice Drift ice is any sea ice other than fast ice , the latter being attached ( `` fastened '' ) to the shoreline or other fixed objects ( shoals , grounded icebergs , etc. ) . Drift ice is carried along by winds and sea currents , hence its name . When drift ice is driven together into a large single mass ( > 70 % coverage ) , it is called pack ice . Wind and currents can pile up that ice to form ridges up to several metres in height . These represent a challenge for icebreakers and offshore structures operating in cold oceans and seas . Drift ice consists of floes , individual pieces of sea ice 20 m or more across . There are names for various floe sizes : small -- 20 m to 100 m ; medium -- 100 m to 500 m ; big -- 500 m to 2000 m ; vast -- 2 km to 10 km ; and giant -- more than 10 km . Seasonal ice drift in the Sea of Okhotsk by the northern coast of Hokkaidō , Japan has become a tourist attraction of this area with harsh climate , and is one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan . The Sea of Okhotsk is the southernmost area in the Northern hemisphere where drift ice may be observed . Drift ice affects : Security of navigation Climatic impact ( see Polar ice packs ) Geological impact Biosphere influence ( see Ecology of sea ice ) The two major ice packs are the Arctic ice pack and the Antarctic ice pack . The most important areas of pack ice are the polar ice packs formed from seawater in the Earth 's polar regions : the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean . Polar packs significantly change their size during seasonal changes of the year . Because of vast amounts of water added to or removed from the oceans and atmosphere , the behavior of polar ice packs has a significant impact on global changes in climate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a5561e9b8cbc7a9ee649ac2e64ca946", "text": "Underwater panther An underwater panther , called Mishipeshu or Mishibijiw in Ojibwe ( -LSB- mɪʃɪbɪʑɪw -RSB- ) , is one of the most important of several mythological water beings among many indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands and Great Lakes region , particularly among the Anishinaabe . Mishipeshu translates into `` the Great Lynx '' . It has the head and paws of a giant cat but is covered in scales and has dagger-like spikes running along its back and tail . Mishipeshu calls Michipicoten Island in Lake Superior his home and is a powerful creature in the mythological traditions of some Native American tribes , particularly Anishinaabe tribes , the Odawa , Ojibwe , and Potawatomi , of the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States . In addition to the Anishinaabeg , Innu also have Mishibizhiw stories . To the Algonquins , the underwater panther was the most powerful underworld being . The Ojibwe traditionally held them to be masters of all water creatures , including snakes . Some versions of the Nanabozho creation legend refers to whole communities of water lynx . Some archaeologists believe that underwater panthers were major components of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex of the Mississippian culture in the prehistoric American Southeast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5a322167441a339402878703969fcd7", "text": "Asian black bear The Asian black bear ( Ursus thibetanus , previously known as Selenarctos thibetanus ) , also known as the moon bear , Asiatic black bear and white-chested bear , is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia and largely adapted to arboreal life . It lives in the Himalayas , in the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent , Korea , northeastern China , the Russian Far East , the Honshū and Shikoku islands of Japan , and Taiwan . It is classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) , mostly because of deforestation and hunting for its body parts . The species is morphologically very similar to some prehistoric bears , and is thought by some scientists to be the ancestor of other extant bear species ( aside from pandas and spectacled bears ) . Though largely herbivorous , Asian black bears can be very aggressive toward humans , who frequently trap or kill them for traditional medicine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1e3e78c4e66fe4e699d8c06d644c04", "text": "Water on Earth Water on Earth may refer to : Origin of water on Earth Water distribution on Earth Category : Water", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce618d9233c44e668b6731dad1376f4c", "text": "Body of water A body of water or waterbody ( often spelled water body ) is any significant accumulation of water , generally on a planet 's surface . The term most often refers to oceans , seas , and lakes , but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds , wetlands , or more rarely , puddles . A body of water does not have to be still or contained ; Rivers , streams , canals , and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water . Most are naturally occurring geographical features , but some are artificial . There are types that can be either . For example , most reservoirs are created by engineering dams , but some natural lakes are used as reservoirs . Similarly , most harbors are naturally occurring bays , but some harbors have been created through construction . Bodies of water that are navigable are known as waterways . Some bodies of water collect and move water , such as rivers and streams , and others primarily hold water , such as lakes and oceans . The term body of water can also refer to a reservoir of water held by a plant , technically known as a phytotelma . Bodies of water are effected by gravity which is what creates the tidal effects on Earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c81db36e49c78362bcad812be009e2e3", "text": "Melt pond Melt ponds are pools of open water that form on sea ice in the warmer months of spring and summer . The ponds are also found on glacial ice and ice shelves . Ponds of melted water can also develop under the ice . Melt ponds are usually darker than the surrounding ice , and their distribution and size is highly variable . They absorb solar radiation rather than reflecting it as ice does and , thereby , have a significant influence on Earth 's radiation balance . This differential , which had not been scientifically investigated until recently , has a large effect on the rate of ice melting and the extent of ice cover . Melt ponds can melt through to the ocean 's surface . Seawater entering the pond increases the melt rate because the salty water of the ocean is warmer than the fresh water of the pond . The increase in salinity also depresses the water 's freezing point . Water from melt ponds over land surface can run into crevasses or moulins -- tubes leading under ice sheets or glaciers -- turning into meltwater . The water may reach the underlying rock . The effect is an increase in the rate of ice flow to the oceans , as the fluid behaves like a lubricant in the basal sliding of glaciers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44022c81bf78a3ae7c66e00aae3823ce", "text": "Great Bear The term Great Bear can refer to : Ursa Major , the constellation , whose name is the Latin for `` Great Bear '' . Great Bear Lake , the largest lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada and the fourth largest in North America . Great Bear Rainforest , British Columbia . Great Bear Wilderness area in Montana . Great Bear Recreation Park , a ski hill in Sioux Falls , South Dakota . Great Bear ( roller coaster ) , an inverted steel rollercoaster at Hersheypark in Hershey , Pennsylvania . The Great Bear ( lithograph ) , artwork by Simon Patterson based on the London Tube map . The Great Bear ( play ) , a 1951 play , never produced , by John Osborne The Great Bear ( film ) , a 2011 Danish film GWR 111 The Great Bear , a British steam locomotive . The Sons of Great Bear , an East German film A personification of Russia . A NATO codename for the Soviet Tu-95 bomber", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ea349067fef6cfd044d0d890f808755", "text": "Mineral spring Mineral springs are naturally occurring springs that produce water containing minerals , or other dissolved substances , that alter its taste or give it a purported therapeutic value . Salts , sulfur compounds , and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage underground . Mineral water obtained from mineral springs has long been an important commercial proposition . Mineral spas are resorts that have developed around mineral springs , where ( often wealthy ) patrons would repair to `` take the waters '' -- meaning that they would drink ( see hydrotherapy and water cure ) or bathe in ( see balneotherapy ) the mineral water . Historical mineral springs were often outfitted with elaborate stone-works -- including artificial pools , retaining walls , colonnades and roofs -- sometimes in the form of fanciful `` Greek temples '' , gazebos or pagodas . Others were entirely enclosed within spring houses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2aa703592cee544c1c89893ff607ecc5", "text": "Obedska bara Obedska bara ( Obedska pond or Obedska bog , Serbian Cyrillic : Обедска бара , pronounced -LSB- ɔ̂bɛdskaː bâra -RSB- ) is a large swamp-forest area and natural reserve stretching along the Sava River in Southern Syrmia ( Serbia ) , some 40 km west of Belgrade . The pond is an oxbow lake , a remnant of the meanders of the old Sava River , whose main stream presently flows more southward . Due to its shape the swampy bed of the pond , situated between the villages of Obrež and Kupinovo , is called `` The Horse-shoe '' ( potkovica ) . Higher grounds with cut-in depressions and old oak forests are called `` The Hoof '' ( kopito ) . The pond is an authentic complex of stagnant tributaries , marshes , pits , marsh vegetation , damp meadows and forests . It is home to over 30 different water , swamp , forest and meadow biocoenoses . The fauna includes 220 species of birds , 50 species of mammals , 13 of amphibians , 11 of reptiles and 16 of fish , while the flora includes 500 species plants , 180 species of mushrooms and 50 species of moss . It is one of the richest and best preserved wildlife habitats in the Pannonian plain . Obedska pond is one of the world 's oldest nature areas , first administrative protective measures having been introduced 1874 , when the Habsburg Empire protected it as hunting ground of the royal family . Presently , it has first-category legal protection status , denoting a natural asset of exceptional value . Its status has been verified by the Ramsar Convention on swamps since 1977 , and included in the List of areas of special significance for birds of Europe of Important Bird Area project , and UNESCO 's list of world 's most important wetland areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51802ea2dd8315259856dae72648587a", "text": "Humboldt Current The Humboldt Current System ( HCS ) , also called the Peru Current , is a major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystem that flows north along the western coast of South America . It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator , and extend 500-1 ,000 kilometers offshore . The Humboldt Current is named after the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt . In 1846 , von Humboldt reported measurements of the cold-water current in his book Cosmos . The current extends from the southern Chile ( ~ 45 'S ) to northern Peru ( ~ 4 'S ) where cold , upwelled waters intersect warm tropical waters to form the Equatorial Front . Sea surface temperatures off the coast of Peru , around 5 'S , reach temperatures as low as 16 ' C . This is highly uncharacteristic of tropical waters , as most other regions have temperatures measuring above 25 ' C. Upwelling brings nutrients to the surface , which support phytoplankton and ultimately increase biological productivity . Upwelling within the current is not uniform across the entire system . Three notable upwelling subsystems are produced by this current : i ) seasonal upwelling in Chile , ii ) upwelling `` shadow '' that is less productive , but still large in northern Chile and Southern Peru , and iii ) year-round upwelling in Peru . The Humboldt Current is considered a Class I , highly productive ( > 300 gC/m2-yr ) , ecosystem . It is the most productive eastern boundary current system . It accounts for roughly 18-20 % of the total worldwide marine fish catch . The species are mostly pelagic : sardines , anchovies and jack mackerel . The system 's high productivity supports other important fishery resources as well as marine mammals ( eared seals and cetaceans ) and seabirds . The cold , nutrient-rich water brought to the surface by upwelling drives the system 's extraordinary productivity.Periodically , the upwelling that drives the system 's productivity is disrupted by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) event . When this occurs , fish abundance and distribution are significantly affected , often leading to stock crashes and cascading social and economic impacts . These events have led to sequential changes , where sardines and anchovies have replaced each other periodically as the dominant species in the ecosystem . These species changes can have negative consequences for the fishing industry and the economies of the countries that fish the system . The Humboldt has a considerable cooling influence on the climate of Chile , Peru and Ecuador . It is also largely responsible for the aridity of Atacama Desert in northern Chile and coastal areas of Peru and also of the aridity of southern Ecuador . Marine air is cooled by the current and thus is not conducive to generating precipitation ( although clouds and fog are produced ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
945b7b681a00732c60a9b415fc19ad97	Jet Li made his first work in 1982.	[ { "docid": "540a311325d94dcbe866cb246b8a835e", "text": "Jet Li Li Lianjie ( born 26 April 1963 ) , better known by his stage name Jet Li , is a Chinese film actor , film producer , martial artist , and retired Wushu champion who was born in Beijing . He is a naturalized Singaporean citizen . After three years of training with Wu Bin , Li won his first national championship for the Beijing Wushu Team . After retiring from Wushu at age 19 , he went on to win great acclaim in China as an actor making his debut with the film Shaolin Temple ( 1982 ) . He went on to star in many critically acclaimed martial arts epic films , most notably as the lead in director Zhang Yimou 's 2002 Hero , Fist of Legend which is the best acclaimed Li movie by Rotten Tomatoes , and the Once Upon a Time in China series , in which he portrayed folk hero Wong Fei-hung . Li 's first role in a non-Chinese film was as a villain in Lethal Weapon 4 ( 1998 ) , and his first leading role in a Hollywood film was as Han Sing in Romeo Must Die ( 2000 ) . He has gone on to star in many action films , including in French cinema with Luc Besson Kiss of the Dragon and Unleashed . He co-starred in The One ( 2001 ) , The Forbidden Kingdom ( 2008 ) with Jackie Chan , all three of The Expendables films with Sylvester Stallone , and as the title character villain in The Mummy : Tomb of the Dragon Emperor ( 2008 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7f7566109ca8a172b6c22deba9eba38e", "text": "The Anger The Anger is a 1982 Taiwanese thriller film directed by Chen Yao-chi . The film was plagiarized by Hong Kong director Godfrey Ho , who filmed some scenes with western actors Richard Harrison , Pierre Trembley and Claire Angela , then spliced his footage with portions of the original film to generate a disjointed English-dubbed `` film '' called Inferno Thunderbolt . It was released in 1985 in the western market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7224e9c68c6aef3edb902ed4079055e", "text": "Lion vs. Lion Lion vs. Lion , also known as Roar of the Lion and Nan bei shi wang ( 南北獅王 , literally `` South North Lion King '' ) , is a 1981 Hong Kong kung fu film written and directed by Hsu Hsia and Chien Yuen Sheng . The film was produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio , a major Hong Kong film production company at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf5992384550990afd35f214d2b7ec3", "text": "City Hero City Hero is a 1985 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Dennis Yu and starring Dean Shek , Mark Cheng , Bennett Pang , Anthony Tang , Billy Lau and Michael Wong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a120fecb4db8b7c844dfc3e9d1bc27", "text": "Li Jie (Go player) Jie Li ( 李捷 , born May 31 , 1981 ) is a strong amateur Go player . He is one of the strongest go players in the United States , playing at an equal level with many of the Asian professionals that have since moved to America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "189337b5c4e07216c969c31c5905339f", "text": "In the Shadow of the Sun In the Shadow of the Sun is a 1981 fantasy film directed by Derek Jarman . It consists of a series of Super 8 films shot between 1972 and 1975 and edited together . Throbbing Gristle were asked to provide the soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63cdd551665ab7d0cbdb0b92883d2754", "text": "Elvis Tsui Tsui Kam Kong ( born October 12 , 1961 ) , also known as Elvis Tsui , is a Chinese actor based in Hong Kong . Tsui is primarily known for his roles in erotic films and martial arts films , where he 's more often cast as villains . Some of the famous characters he has portrayed repeatedly include Oboi , Lu Zhishen , and An Lushan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a21fe39a469773a6f58a0b6fdb59863a", "text": "Li Shuang (artist) Li Shuang ( 李爽 , born 1957 in Beijing ) , is a contemporary Chinese artist . Li Shuang 's works testify to her painful personal and artistic journey . She grew up in Beijing during the Cultural Revolution within a family of intellectuals . Her early childhood artistic development was influenced by her grandfather , a dealer in Chinese antiques , books and art . During the Chinese political reformation and opening up in the late ninetieth , `` Li Shuang '' was a household name in the art industry in France and other European countries . On a superficial level , the romantic story between Li and her husband might account for the reopening of art in isolated China due to Cultural Revolution . More specifically , Western media described `` Li Shuang Incident '' as the precursor and advocator of the emerging Chinese modern behavior art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "789251fc25a7df6fa48a18e1c59278e6", "text": "Bruce Lee (video game) Bruce Lee is a video game designed by Ron J. Fortier , with graphics by Kelly Day and music by John A. Fitzpatrick . It was originally developed for the Atari 8-bit family and published in 1984 by Datasoft , along with a port for the Commodore 64 . The game was converted to the ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC and published by U.S. Gold in the same year . An MSX version was published in 1985 by Comptiq . Bruce Lee is a platform game/beat 'em up hybrid , in which the player controls Bruce Lee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8296ba5b4631ccf9a204dcc1380e2076", "text": "Liu Yong (writer) Liu Yong ( ; pinyin : liú yǒng ) ( born February , 1949 ) . He was born in Taipei and became a famous writer and painter . Liu Yong 's father died when he was 11 in 1958 . In 1962 , Liu 's house was destroyed in a fire , though he and his mother survived . He graduated from Cheng Kung Senior High School , obtained a Baccalaureate degree at National Taiwan Normal University , and obtained a Doctorate from Columbia University . He was once an art teacher at Cheng Kung Senior High School . He was invited by the National Taiwan Museum of History to an art exhibition of modern painters and a national one . From November 30 , 1971 to April 5 , 1974 , he hosted the China Television quiz show `` Seconds Count Down '' for the first time in his life as a television show host . From 1973 to 1977 , he worked as a journalist for China Television . In 1978 , he was hired as a Representative of China Television in America . In 1980 , he became the school artist of St. John 's University ( Jamaica , NY ) . Besides his achievements in painting , Liu has also published many essays . These essays can be divided into two genres : one , about how to get along with people , and the other inspirational essays . These essays are usually best-sellers among Chinese people in the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ce06f73c043747360d4362d0e1c592c", "text": "Jia Hongsheng Jia Hongsheng ( ; 19 March 1967 -- 5 July 2010 ) was a Chinese actor who became known in the late 1980s and early 1990s for roles in movies like The Case of the Silver Snake ( 1988 ) , Good Morning , Beijing ( 1991 ) , A Woman from North Shaanxi ( 1993 ) and Weekend Lover ( 1995 ) . His performances were praised by critics and he developed a rebellious image that made him popular among artistic youth and the `` Sixth Generation '' of Chinese directors . However , he backed away from the limelight in 1995 after becoming addicted to cannabis and eventually heroin . His father , head of the local theatre in Jilin , retired two years before his retirement age , and along with his wife moved to Beijing to try to help Jia . He made a comeback in 2000 , starring in the celebrated Suzhou River . The following year he starred in the film he is best known for to Western audiences , the autobiographical Quitting . It depicts his battle with addiction and his family trying to help him sober up , with all of the cast members being real people playing themselves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdf2adf9b937f3fbed0d09989bb095e5", "text": "Jet Attack Jet Attack ( also known as Jet Alert and released in the UK as Through Hell to Glory ) is a 1958 American aviation war film set in the Korean War , featuring United States Air Force ( USAF ) aircraft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81ea4dd63ed44196add0d84a7ef5ee13", "text": "Li Shuangshuang Li Shuangshuang ( 李双双 Lǐ Shuāngshuang ) is a Chinese play , fiction ( A Brief Biography of Li Shuangshuang ) , a comic strip , and film . The 1962 film is directed by Lu Ren , and stars Zhang Ruifang . Zhang won Hundred Flowers Award for Best Actress for her performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8025a528d802067bf776b559507b683c", "text": "Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group The Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group ( JBIG ) is a group of experts nominated by national standards bodies and major companies to work to produce standards for bi-level image coding . The `` joint '' refers to its status as a committee working on both ISO and ITU-T standards . It is one of two sub-groups of ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 , Subcommittee 29 , Working Group 1 ( ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 ) , whose official title is Coding of still pictures . The Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group created the JBIG and JBIG2 standards . The group often meets jointly with the JPEG committee , which typically meets three times annually . ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29 Working Group 1 ( working together with ITU-T Study Group 16 -- VCEG and previously also with Study Group 8 -- SG8 ) is responsible for both JPEG and JBIG standards . It includes two sub-groups : the Joint Photographic Experts Group ( JPEG SG ) and the Joint Bi-level Image experts Group ( JBIG SG ) . In the mid-1980s , both CCITT ( now ITU-T ) and ISO had standardization groups for image coding : CCITT Study Group ( SG ) VIII ( Telematic Services ) and ISO TC97 SC2 WG8 ( Coding of Audio and Picture Information ) . They were historically targeted on image communication . In 1986 , it was decided to create the Joint ( CCITT/ISO ) Photographic Expert Group . In 1988 , it was decided to create the Joint ( CCITT/ISO ) Bi-level Image Group -- JBIG .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "044eef4c71bf046fc80cab4a4b0f2918", "text": "Return to the 36th Chamber Return to the 36th Chamber ( 少林搭棚大師 , Shao Lin ta peng hsiao tzu , Return of the Master Killer or Master Killer II ) is a 1980 Shaw Brothers Studio Hong Kong martial arts comedy film starring Gordon Liu . It was directed by Lau Kar-Leung and written by Ni Kuang . The film is the second in a loosely connected trilogy , following The 36th Chamber Of Shaolin ( 1978 ) and preceding Disciples Of The 36th Chamber ( 1985 ) . In the first and third films in the series , Liu portrays the Shaolin monk San Te , but in Return , he portrays an imposter monk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "389cb90ac115edc5d29885f0af1c6b48", "text": "Bruce Li Bruce Li ( born Ho Chung-tao June 5 , 1950 ) is a Taiwanese actor , martial artist and Bruce Lee imitator who starred in martial arts films from the Bruceploitation movement . Li is perhaps best known for his role as Bruce Lee in the 1976 film Bruce Lee : The Man , The Myth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8120644b8e9940e11142032a48f0d7c", "text": "Jetboy (band) Jetboy is an American San Francisco-based hard rock band founded in 1983 by guitarists Billy Rowe and Fernie Rod . Best described as a blend of edgy rock and roll with a traditional blues based influence . Jetboy got the attention of music fans and record executives alike in Hollywood during the mid 1980s . The band transplanted themselves to Los Angeles in 1986 after signing a deal with Elektra Records . Their musical influences ranged from punk rock to rock 'n' roll to blues . Their 1988 debut album Feel the Shake peaked at 135 on The Billboard 200 . After parting ways with original bass player Todd Crew in mid-1987 , the band was joined by former Hanoi Rocks member Sami Yaffa . Yaffa , a member of one of the groups Jetboy had found most influential , was now a member of the band as their new bassist . In August 1987 Todd Crew died due to a drug overdose in the hotel room of Guns N ' Roses guitarist Slash . Jetboy continued on into the 1990s before disbanding in 1992 . However , over a decade later , Jetboy reconvened , toured and recorded a new EP , Off Your Rocker in 2010 . Having been absent from the studio for some 20 years , Jetboy recorded Off Your Rocker in a fully organic mode . The band played all in the same room together in a `` live-style '' format in an effort to duplicate the way the songs were written , all together , in a true 1970 's fashion where the band could feed off of one another 's energy . Jetboy has continued to gain in popularity , and has continuously played to large crowds at festivals across the United States including Rocklahoma , The South Texas Rock Fest , Rock the Bayou & The M3 Festival two times . On June 1 , 2012 Jetboy did a 25-year reunion for their debut album ` Feel The Shake ' at the Whisky A Go Go in Hollywood . The show was also a release party for the movie Rock Of Ages which featured a few images of Jetboy . The line-up for this show included all original members with a surprise appearance by their second bass player Sami Yaffa who is currently playing in the Michael Monroe Band . This was the first time they all shared the stage together in over 20 years . Jetboy plan to continue with the original line-up with Charles Norman on bass who replaced Yaffa for the Damnednation tour in 1989 . January 25 , 2014 during NAMM weekend Jetboy supported Faster Pussycat at the Whisky A Go-Go to a sold out crowd to celebrate the club 's 50-year anniversary . Jetboy geared up in late 2015 to bring their style of rock n roll to the stage again . The band performed at Riki Rachtman 's Cathouse Live on August 15 , 2015 at the Irvine Meadows Amphitheater in Irvine , California . Three songs from Feel the Shake were featured in the 1989 movie The ` Burbs , starring Tom Hanks . They were `` Bloodstone '' , `` Locked in a Cage '' and `` Make Some Noise '' . Additionally , two songs from Feel the Shake , `` Feel the Shake '' and `` Make Some Noise '' were also featured in the 1989 movie She 's Out of Control .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7385ce9a7e41bd3e4b28d86caa4e3614", "text": "Sanho Kim Sanho Kim ( born 1939 in Korea ) is a South Korean comic book artist , considered the first artist working in a manhwa style to be published regularly in the United States . The bulk of Kim 's American work was for Charlton Comics ' horror comics , as well as the Kung fu title House of Yang . In South Korea , Kim is known for the bestselling title Lifi , as well as his more recent History of Great Korean Empire . Lifi encouraged the Korean people to rise from the destruction of the Korean War , and is still imprinted in the minds of many people as Korea 's first science fiction comic . Though Kim has worked in many styles and genres , the common theme that runs through his work is the pride and spirit of the Korean people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f14a6c317770289c9a835d6bb76c3e19", "text": "The Prodigal Son (1981 film) The Prodigal Son is a 1981 Hong Kong martial arts film starring Yuen Biao , and also written and directed by Sammo Hung , who also co-stars in the film . The film was released on 22 December 1981 and grossed HK$ 9,150,729 . The Prodigal Son was nominated for two Hong Kong Film Awards and won the award for Best Action Choreography . The film tells the story of Leung Chang , the son of wealthy man who is half-heartedly studying kung fu . Leung Chang 's lack of expertise forces his father to pay people to lose to him in fights . After Leung Chang discovers that his father has been deceiving him , he becomes inspired to study martial arts more seriously and attempts convince a kung fu expert to take him on as a student .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df1a5ddba75b9730392218893830017f", "text": "Orange Sky Golden Harvest Orange Sky Golden Harvest ( OSGH ) , previously known as Golden Harvest from 1970 to 2009 , is a film production , distribution , and exhibition company based in Hong Kong . It dominated Hong Kong box office sales from the 1970s to 1980s and played a major role in introducing Hong Kong films to the Western market , especially those by Bruce Lee ( Concord Production Inc. ) , Jackie Chan , and Sammo Hung .", "title": "" } ]	fever
91d3734e36f563f5164aab32fc16bf32	Olivia Munn has a modelling career.	[ { "docid": "15eee5dcdb356953bc6077ac553c8be2", "text": "Olivia Munn Lisa Olivia Munn ( born July 3 , 1980 ) is an American actress and model . She was credited as Lisa Munn in her early career , but since 2006 , she has used the name Olivia Munn . Munn began her professional career in television journalism before becoming an actress . In 2006 , Munn starred as Mily Acuna on the series Beyond the Break . She co-hosted Attack of the Show ! from 2006 to 2010 and was a correspondent on The Daily Show from 2010 to 2011 . Munn has also had supporting roles in various films and television series since 2004 . She played the character Sloan Sabbith on the television series The Newsroom from 2012 to 2014 and appeared in the film X-Men : Apocalypse ( 2016 ) as Psylocke .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "895edc76db691eca935e0597be68d93d", "text": "Expecting Models Expecting Models is the first agency of its kind that specializes in providing professional pregnant models and actresses for the fashion and commercial world . Founded in New York City in 2001 by Elliott-Ramirez , a former fashion model herself , Expecting Models represents real moms , their babies and real families . The agency gives models and actresses the opportunity to keep working , but in a different segment of the industry -- enabling talent to work from pregnancy thru post-delivery . Expecting Models , Inc. is a licensed , bonded and SAG franchised agency and has quarters in New York City and Los Angeles . Their fashion clients include Motherswork , Gap , Target , Cadeau , Liz Lange , Nordstrom and Destination Maternity . Additionally , Expecting Models provides with models for print magazines like Fit Pregnancy , Pregnancy & New Born and 9 Plus Bebe Mama Magazine . Expecting Models is also featured in the show `` Runway Moms '' , broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel . In the show , Liza Elliott-Ramirez becomes a maternity expert for her models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d30fec371ebf4642be756c58e4dc72d", "text": "Victoria Bartlett Victoria Bartlett is a British-born designer and stylist . She graduated from the London College of Fashion . Her career began in design , illustration , and brand consultancy for a prestigious portfolio of brands and designers , including Miu Miu , Versace , DKNY , Moncler , Lacroix , Calvin Klein , and Theory . Bartlett gained accolades styling for Björk , Madonna , Scarlett Johansson , David Bowie , Chloe Sevigney , Pharrell Williams , and Venus Williams . She was Fashion Editor at Allure magazine prior to becoming Fashion Director for Interview and BIG Magazine . She has created fashion editorials for i-D , Numéro , V , French , Italian , and L'Uomo Vogue . Victoria launched VPL in 2003 based on the concept of layering building blocks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45862ce58497dab0f65103555c1e8478", "text": "Ugly Models Ugly Models is a London-based alternative modelling agency that specialises in character modelling . Its owner Marc French says it is about `` celebrating everyone 's unique beauty '' . Its major clients include Calvin Klein , Levi 's , Diesel , Vogue , Elle , and Cosmopolitan . Its models have appeared in film series such as Harry Potter , Pirates of the Caribbean and James Bond . Ugly Models are in official partnership with Guinness World Records and represents the world 's tallest man , the world 's most pierced woman and the world 's most tattooed man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52e77ff2b66016fa8a580812c77931a3", "text": "Olivia (singer) Olivia Theresa Longott ( born February 15 , 1981 in Brooklyn , New York , U.S. ) , professionally known as Olivia , is an American singer , songwriter , rapper and actress . She is best known for contributing vocals to 50 Cent 's hit single `` Candy Shop '' and her debut album Olivia . She was also known as a regular cast member in the first three seasons ( 2011 -- 13 ) of the VH1 reality television series Love & Hip Hop : New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d35480a2bbe5305fc75e36dd1346160", "text": "Olivia O'Leary Olivia O'Leary ( born 1949 ) is an Irish journalist , writer and current affairs presenter . Educated at St Leo 's College , Carlow and at University College Dublin ( UCD ) , she worked with the Nationalist and Leinster Times in Carlow . In the late 1970s she began working for The Irish Times as parliamentary sketchwriter . She currently broadcasts a weekly a political diary on Drivetime , a radio programme broadcast by Raidió Teilifís Éireann 's channel RTÉ Radio 1 . In 1972 she joined Raidió Teilifís Éireann ( RTÉ ) as a current affairs presenter and later worked as a presenter on Today Tonight , Questions and Answers and Prime Time . She became the first regular female senior presenter of the BBC 's current affairs programme , Newsnight and also presented First Tuesday , a monthly documentary strand produced by Yorkshire Television for ITV . O'Leary won three Jacob 's Awards during her broadcasting career with RTÉ . Her first came in 1973 for her work as a radio news reporter . In 1982 , she won her second Jacob 's Award for her hosting of Today Tonight . Her chairing of Questions and Answers brought her a third award in 1986 . She has also won a Sony Award for her BBC Radio 4 programme Between Ourselves . She has co-authored the book Mary Robinson : The Authorised Biography , with Dr Helen Burke , and in 2004 wrote Politicians and Other Animals , a sketch on Irish politics . She was Chairperson of the Office of the Ombudsman 's 20th Anniversary Conference . In 2009 she left the Roman Catholic Church over the cover up of clerical abuse scandals and the long-standing refusal of the church to ordain women . She was married to Paul Tansey , Economics Editor of The Irish Times . He died suddenly in September 2008 . She has one daughter , Emily Tansey . On 5 December 2011 she was awarded an honorary doctorate by her alma mater UCD . She is a cousin of TV personality and wine expert Oz Clarke .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad3884c6d4fbaaa8a75e4555536a3a80", "text": "Emma Wiklund Emma Wiklund ( née Sjöberg , born 13 September 1968 , Stockholm ) is a Swedish fashion model and actress . Emma was born in Stockholm , Sweden . She is a 177 cm tall , blue-eyed blonde who has walked the runway for Thierry Mugler , Christian Lacroix and Lanvin . She was signed to Elite Model Management and can be seen in George Michael 's music video for `` Too Funky '' alongside other models such as Linda Evangelista . She dated Ulf Ekberg , songwriter for and co-founder of Ace of Base , from 1994 to 2000 . She began her acting career in 1995 , and with the four Taxi movies ( 1998 -- 2007 ) , she became a popular actress in France . In her native Sweden , she is known as a TV-hostess and a regular in the fashion world . On 12 February 2003 , she married Hans Wiklund and they have two children , daughter Tyra and son Elis . She sat on the board for Swedish fashion retailer Lindex in 2007 . She also appears in their advertisements . Wiklund speaks German fluently .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a98ee566e4607bec287400a6fe4c7a96", "text": "Malena Belafonte Malena Belafonte ( born Malena Mathiesen ) is an international fashion model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acabc887825c670edf25af946b510e07", "text": "María Del Cerro María Del Cerro ( born 20 March 1985 ) is an Argentine model , actress , TV host , business and fashion designer . She began her modelling career participating in the reality show for models SúperM in 2001 , and became one of Argentine leading modelling figures . Del Cerro spawned her acting career in 2007 , in television series Romeo y Julieta . Her biggest role by now came with the Cris Morena Group series Casi Ángeles . Before that , Del Cierro was also known for being a girlfriend of popular actor Benjamín Rojas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ea09acbb272f5b25f8d328949adc299", "text": "Sinéad Noonan Sinéad Noonan ( born 28 November 1987 ) is an Irish former model and actress who won Miss Ireland 2008 . Noonan was born in Dublin to Peter and Stephanie Noonan , and grew up in Dunboyne , Meath . She attended St. Peter 's College where she excelled in drama , and now holds a First class degree in Speech and Drama , as well as a certificate in Advance Acting , and speaks English , Irish and French fluently . In 2008 , Noonan represented Meath at Miss Ireland in Dublin where judges included music manager Louis Walsh , actor Matt Di Angelo , and former Miss Ireland Pamela Flood , and emerged winner . Her victory enabled her to represent her country at Miss World where she made the top ten in the talent competition . Noonan , who appeared in several plays and short films , cited Halle Berry as her role model , and originally planned to open a Drama school and become an actress , but later launched a modelling career . Represented by Compton Model Agency and Assets , Noonan became the face of Lipsey 's Autumn/Winter 2008 collection and Gillian Hughes hats . In 2009 , Noonan told the Sunday Mirror that she would welcome any offers to pose nude , provided it was tastefully done . Noonan has since retired from modelling , and currently resides in Dubai where she works as an air hostess for Emirates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb0df6ecc89c1e56ea1ca558bd64ae", "text": "Trinny & Susannah Undress... Trinny & Susannah Undress ... is a British reality makeover and fashion-themed television programme on ITV featuring fashion advisors Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine . The series sees Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine going to different households where couples experience difficulties in their relationship , and explore how clothing and style impacts marriage and relationships . Woodall and Constantine give advice and improve the appearance and style of the couples in an effort to rekindle the marriages and relationships that have become troubled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1c92b0c521eb5ac9fcf18b54e47a9e2", "text": "Livi Michael Livi Michael , also known as Olivia Michael ( 15 March 1960 , Manchester ) , is a British fiction writer who publishes children and adult novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ff893268d4267df7fc4c4f84a64947", "text": "Lucie Robinson Lucie Robinson ( born 1978 ) is a portrait , art and fashion photographer . Robinson was born in Jablonec nad Nisou in the former Czechoslovakia into a family with roots in Austria and Imperial Russia . She studied joaillerie in her hometown and design at the Academy of Arts , Architecture and Design ( VSUP ) in Prague . In 1996 she launched a career as a commercial model , moving to Paris in 1998 . She had received formal education covering artistic techniques , but concentrated on the medium of photography and by the early 2000s established herself as a portrait and fashion photographer . She photographed many celebrities and top models including a 2009 publicity campaign for Louis Vuitton featuring Paulina Porizkova , Miloš Forman and Helena Houdová . Her portraits and fashion editorials have been published by Elle , Harper 's Bazaar , Marie Claire , Vision ( China ) , Wig ( UK ) and further fashion and lifestyle magazines in Europe and in Asia . However , Robinson 's uncredited work appeared also in commercial advertisement campaigns for industrial clients like Cadbury , Orange Mobile , T-Mobile and Procter & Gamble . Her work has won various prizes , including the 2006 Cannes Fashion Photography Festival and three consecutive wins ( 2007 -- 2009 ) of the Schwarzkopf Press Awards . In 2008 , a solo exhibition of her work on fashion and architecture was staged in the New York Museum of Arts and Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6bc07112fe4e9be0610d4507c562ad2", "text": "Tali Lennox Tali Lennox ( born Tali Fruchtmann ; 9 February 1993 ) is a British model , artist , and actress , who used to work for Topshop and Burberry . As of 2014 she reduced her modelling focus and became a portrait painter . She is the daughter of Scottish singer Annie Lennox and Israeli record producer Uri Fruchtmann .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48fd866c776b25d86b4e654e0e3f6bdd", "text": "Sam Cooke (model) Sam Cooke ( born 19 November 1985 ) is an English glamour model and Page 3 girl from Manchester . Cooke has appeared in numerous British `` lads ' mags '' , including FHM , FRONT , Maxim , Loaded , Zoo and Nuts in the UK , as well as on several covers around the world . She is most famous for being a Page 3 girl in The Sun , and was the winner of the newspaper 's annual Page 3 Idol competition in 2006 . Cooke has also appeared in the Hot Shots Calendar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0009fd68054f6938bc6c5660e23e9e1f", "text": "Olivia Arthur Olivia Arthur ( born 1980 ) is a British documentary photographer and member of the Magnum photography agency . Originally studying mathematics at Oxford University she later studied photojournalism at the London College of Printing . Arthur 's first book Jeddah Diary is about the lives of young women in Saudi Arabia . Her second book Stranger views Dubai through the eyes of the survivor of a shipwreck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30df1803c1c23b107dad62a152cb50f1", "text": "Daniela Urzi Daniela Urzi ( -LSB- daˈnjela ˈursi -RSB- ; born October 28 , 1975 , San Fernando , Buenos Aires ) is a fashion model from Argentina . She has appeared in fashion campaigns for Armani Jeans , the Giorgio Armani collection , Roberto Cavalli , Burberry , and John Richmond , and has done catalog work for Victoria 's Secret . Her magazine covers include international editions of Vogue and ELLE . Directly from Latin America , a new young man has managed to carve out a prestigious niche in the world of fashion . Daniela Urzi is not only just a girl of study or a body 86-59-86 ( chest , waist , hip ) walking on the catwalk , is a name that is printed on paper and has managed to achieve that throne , within Argentine models only he had Valeria Mazza . But unlike the latter , Daniela flees the look of blond with blue eyes and points to the rage of the moment wearing a brown hair that enhances his blue eyes . This gives it a personal touch that has been captured on the covers of various publications such as Marie Claire ( France ) , Elle ( Spain and Argentina ) , Cosmopolitan ( Argentina ) and Harper 's Bazaar . It has also been the face of brands like Victoria ' s Secret Cortefiel , Silhouette , Mango , Giorgio Armani , Candy , Margaret Astor , La Perla , Burberry , Chanel N ° 5 , Revlon and Triumph . -", "title": "" }, { "docid": "721c2e88ae7cd77ebec579db17b67e32", "text": "New Zealand's Next Top Model (cycle 1) New Zealand 's Next Top Model , Cycle 1 is the original season of New Zealand 's Next Top Model which is a reality TV show based on America 's Next Top Model . Thirteen young women compete for the title and a chance to start their career in the modeling industry . The prize for this cycle was a contract with 62 Model Management , a 1-year contract with CoverGirl cosmetics , an 8-page editorial in CLEO Magazine , an all expenses paid trip to Sydney to meet with Ursula Hufnagl of Chic Model Management and a trip to New York to meet with NEXT Model Management . The catchphrase for this season is `` Our Turn To Turn Heads '' . The international destinations for this cycle were Sydney , Australia , where the final seven judging panel was held , and then Los Angeles , United States for one episode with six contestants . The winner was 16-year-old Christobelle Grierson-Ryrie from Auckland , New Zealand . New Zealand 's Next Top Model , Cycle 1 has aired on TV3 in New Zealand and FOX8 in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85b4cd50b7d21be77c8d001d406333d1", "text": "Penelope Tree Penelope Tree ( born 2 December 1949 ) is an English former fashion model prominent in swinging sixties London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e549e84374879a6cd88ae7ac262dc8e", "text": "Olivia (Rossner novel) Olivia ( or , The Weight of the Past ) is the penultimate novel by Judith Rossner , author of the critically acclaimed best sellers Looking for Mr. Goodbar and August . Published in 1994 by Crown , Olivia examines `` a mother-daughter conflict set in the world of gastronomy . '' ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9015a8e97dcc228dfc296f3c05f5164", "text": "Olivia (Olivia Newton-John album) Olivia is the second studio album by the British-Australian singer-songwriter Olivia Newton-John , released in 1972 . Two of its songs were released as singles ( `` What Is Life '' and `` My Old Man 's Got a Gun '' ) . In its initial release , it was not issued in the United States , though it was sold there as an import . A digitally remastered version was released in 1995 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
27260a0c6a85a9e505a4fcda876211e0	In a country in South Asia, the National Library of India is located.	[ { "docid": "469652c4bda970a54fa3bcbf512ba24d", "text": "Kolkata Kolkata -LSB- koʊlˈkɑːtɑː -RSB- ( -LSB- kolkat̪a -RSB- , also known as Calcutta -LSB- kael ` kVt @ -RSB- , the official name until 2001 ) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal . Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River , it is the principal commercial , cultural , and educational centre of East India , while the Port of Kolkata is India 's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port . In 2011 , the city had a population of 4.5 million , while the population of the city and its suburbs was 14.1 million , making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India . Recent estimates of Kolkata Metropolitan Area 's economy have ranged from $ 60 to $ 150 billion ( GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity ) making it third most-productive metropolitan area in India , after Mumbai and Delhi . In the late 17th century , the three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty . After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690 , the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified trading post . Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Calcutta in 1756 , and the East India Company retook it the following year . In 1793 the East India company was strong enough to abolish Nizamat ( local rule ) , and assumed full sovereignty of the region . Under the company rule , and later under the British Raj , Calcutta served as the capital of British-held territories in India until 1911 , when its perceived geographical disadvantages , combined with growing nationalism in Bengal , led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi . Calcutta was the centre for the Indian independence movement ; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics . Following Indian independence in 1947 , Kolkata , which was once the centre of modern Indian education , science , culture , and politics , suffered several decades of economic stagnation . As a nucleus of the 19th - and early 20th-century Bengal Renaissance and a religiously and ethnically diverse centre of culture in Bengal and India , Kolkata has local traditions in drama , art , film , theatre , and literature . Many people from Kolkata -- among them several Nobel laureates -- have contributed to the arts , the sciences , and other areas . Kolkata culture features idiosyncrasies that include distinctively close-knit neighbourhoods ( paras ) and freestyle intellectual exchanges ( adda ) . West Bengal 's share of the Bengali film industry is based in the city , which also hosts venerable cultural institutions of national importance , such as the Academy of Fine Arts , the Victoria Memorial , the Asiatic Society , the Indian Museum and the National Library of India . Among professional scientific institutions , Kolkata hosts the Agri Horticultural Society of India , the Geological Survey of India , the Botanical Survey of India , the Calcutta Mathematical Society , the Indian Science Congress Association , the Zoological Survey of India , the Institution of Engineers , the Anthropological Survey of India and the Indian Public Health Association . Though home to major cricketing venues and franchises , Kolkata differs from other Indian cities by giving importance to association football and other sports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5436f442df82f9a951e8c0f23032bbe", "text": "National Library of India The National Library on the Belvedere Estate in Alipore , Kolkata , is the largest library in India by volume and India 's library of public record . It is under the Department of Culture , Ministry of Tourism & Culture , Government of India . The library is designated to collect , disseminate and preserve printed material produced in India . The library is situated on the scenic 30 acre Belvedere Estate . It is the largest in India with a collection in excess of 2.2 million books . Before independence , it was the official residence of Lt. Governor of Bengal . The National Library of India is the county 's largest library and the library of public record . The library `` operates under the national government 's Department of Culture and is designated to collect , disseminate , and preserve all printed material produced in India , and all foreign works published about the country -- where ` every work about India ... can be seen and read ''' ( Murray , 2009 ) . The National Library is a result of the merging of the public library with the Imperial Library -- several government libraries . The National Library ( 1953 ) , then the Imperial Library housed several foreign ( British ) and Indian titles and was open to the public . Of further note , the National Library of India collects book , periodicals , and titles in `` virtually all the Indian languages , with Hindi , Kashmiri , Punjab , Sindhi , Telugu , and Urdu '' maintaining the largest stacks ( Murray , 2009 ) . The Special Collections in the National Library of India house at least fifteen languages including `` Assamese , Bengali , Gujarati ... and Tamil with many rare works ( Murray , 2009 ) . The Hindi department has books that date back all the way to the nineteenth century and the first ever books printed in that language . The collections break down and consist of 86,000 maps and 3,200 manuscripts .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "11292f9c451963f269985d93c10db321", "text": "South Asian English South Asian English is the English of South Asia . English was introduced to South Asia in the early 17th century and reinforced by the long rule of the British Empire . Today it is spoken as a second language by about 33 million people , 3 % of the total population . Although it is fairly homogeneous across the region , sharing `` linguistic features and tendencies at virtually all linguistic levels '' , there are also differences based on various factors . South Asian English is sometimes called `` Indian English '' , as British India included most of the region , but today , the varieties of English are usually divided according to the modern states : Bangladeshi English Indian English Nepali English Pakistani English Sri Lankan English", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43722251b197bf7983791f822e6227af", "text": "Sahapedia Sahapedia is an open online multimedia knowledge resource -LSB- i -RSB- on the arts , cultures and histories of India ( and broadly , South Asia ) based on both curated and crowd-sourced content . ` Saha ' ( Sanskrit for ` together with ' ) , is an invitation to explore together the richness of the cultural landscape . On the Sahapedia portal people can read articles , watch videos , listen to interviews , and browse image galleries . Users can also explore historic sites and natural spaces through virtual walks , timelines and interactive maps . -LSB- ii -RSB- It is both a resource and a platform in that registered users may log into a personal work space from where they can submit material for curation and form communities of interest . It is also an online archive that hosts a library , cultural events calendar and news . History Sahapedia was registered as a not-for-profit Society in June 2011 under the Societies Act of 1860 . S. Ramadorai ( Former Vice Chairman , Tata Consultancy Services , and Chairman , National Skills Development Agency ) is the President and mentor of Sahapedia . Sudha Gopalakrishnan ( Founder Director , 2003 -- 07 , National Mission for Manuscripts , Government of India and UNESCO-empanelled expert on intangible cultural heritage ) is the Vice President and Executive Director of Sahapedia . The organization is guided by a panel of advisors who are eminent scholars and experts . Since the inception of the project in 2010 , a qualified team of researchers and designers based in New Delhi has been working to develop Sahapedia . The team has established the conceptual , design and legal framework of the project . Sahapedia has had an active online presence for the last three years , and it has received positive feedback from users . Based on this , information architecture and development experts worked together to build Sahapedia 's unique technology platform , which was launched on April 23 , 2016 . -LSB- i -RSB- Vision Sahapedia 's goals are to inform , educate and act . It aims to foster knowledge , encourage engagement and generate action towards understanding and revitalising the diverse aspects of Indian culture . It envisions itself as an open resource which facilitates conversations between scholars and students , artists and enthusiasts , and serves as a platform for independent researchers and collectors . The encyclopedia seeks to make the best use of the digital medium 's potential for cross-referencing across domains and subjects , encouraging non-linear exploration that illuminates new connections and new ramifications . It also integrates activities and services including research , documentation , digitisation and conservation . -LSB- i -RSB- Mission The organization is working on areas like developing a digital library ( monographs , out-of-print scholarly work , old journals , unpublished reports ) ; linking with online archives of texts , recordings , translation ; curating material that makes tourism more meaningful , creating resources for education responsive to local histories and needs , developing scholarly resources ( editing online journals , teaching old scripts online ) , and making the best use of digital interactives to explain formal techniques in fields such as music , architecture , textile , etc. . The idea is to create ` a movement for engaging with culture , as the collective legacy of people , by encouraging local documentation and upload on Sahapedia . ' -LSB- i -RSB- Work The core of Sahapedia is the encyclopedia that addresses ten domains : the areas covered come under the categories of Knowledge Traditions , Visual and Material Arts , Performing Arts , Literature and Languages , Practices and Rituals , Histories , Institutions , People , and Natural Environment . The research and editorial team identify subjects for the encyclopaedia , visit libraries and consult experts to arrive at an outline for its treatment , write to scholars for articles or request them for interviews , go on field visits for documentation and compile links to online resources and suggestions for further reading . Sahapedia also works with affiliates who are experts in their field and can curate modules that cover various aspects of a particular subject . Ongoing Projects Oral history : Documents interactions with artists , scholars and practitioners . The project also records performances , events , activities , lectures , demonstrations and seminars . Library : Makes available archival material relating to history , literature , music and the performing arts under the Creative Share-alike License . Built heritage : Documents heritage sites and spaces in India with a view to covering both academic studies and experiential accounts . Maps project : Encourages people to participate in the cultural mapping of India and South Asia by marking cultural sites , forms , practices and events in their areas . Heritage education : It has partnered in the Heritage Education efforts of the Central Board of Secondary Education involving 12,900 schools , by creating an interactive web resource for children on the CBSE website . -LSB- i -RSB- Besides , the collaboratively-created encyclopedia database will be available as an offline tool for distance and rural education . Institutional collaborations : Sahapedia is in partnership with numerous national and international organisations with regard to specific projects . Collaborations have been forged with the Ministry of Culture , Rashtrapati Bhavan , Archaeological Survey of India , the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies , National School of Drama , the National Centre for the Performing Arts and the International Information Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region , UNESCO . -LSB- ii -RSB- External Links Sahapedia.org , Official website Youtube , Facebook , Twitter , Instagram", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ab3cd7831277c4715dd81087535335e", "text": "Sri Lanka Sri Lanka ( -LSB- sri : _ ˈlɑːŋkə , _ - ˈlæŋkə -RSB- or -LSB- ʃriː - -RSB- Sinhalese : ශ ර ල ක , Tamil : இலங்கை Ilaṅkai ) , officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka , is an island country in South Asia near south-east India . Sri Lanka has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the southwest . Sri Lanka 's documented history spans 3,000 years , with evidence of pre-historic human settlements dating back to at least 125,000 years . Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance from the time of the ancient Silk Road through to World War II . Sri Lanka was known from the beginning of British colonial rule until 1972 as Ceylon ( -LSB- sᵻˈlɒn , _ seɪ - , _ siː - -RSB- ) . Sri Lanka 's recent history has been marred by a thirty-year civil war which decisively ended when the Sri Lankan military defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) in 2009 . A diverse and multicultural country , Sri Lanka is home to many religions , ethnic groups , and languages . In addition to the majority Sinhalese , it is home to large groups of Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils , Moors , Burghers , Malays , Kaffirs and the aboriginal Vedda . Sri Lanka has a rich Buddhist heritage , and the first known Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka , the Pāli Canon , date back to the Fourth Buddhist council in 29 BC . Sri Lanka is a republic and a unitary state governed by a semi-presidential system . The legislative capital , Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte , is a suburb of the commercial capital and largest city , Colombo . Sri Lanka has had a long history of international engagement , as a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) , and a member of the United Nations , the Commonwealth of Nations , the G77 , and the Non-Aligned Movement . Along with the Maldives , Sri Lanka is one of the two countries in South Asia that are currently rated among high human development on the Human Development Index .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14e00b953a230a4f46bcd02e78334c00", "text": "Raza Library The Rampur Raza Library ( Hindi : रामपुर रज़ा किताब ख़ाना , Urdu : رام پور رضا کِتاب خانہ Rāmpur Razā Kitāb Khāna ) located in Rampur , Uttar Pradesh , India is a repository of Indo-Islamic cultural heritage and a treasure-house of knowledge established in last decades 18th century , and built up by successive Nawabs of Rampur and now managed by Government of India . It contains very rare and valuable collection of manuscripts , historical documents , specimens of Islamic calligraphy , miniature paintings , astronomical instruments and rare illustrated works in Arabic and Persian . Rampur 's Raza Library also contains printed works in Sanskrit , Hindi , Urdu , Pashto ( having the original manuscript of the first translation of the Qur ` an in addition to other important books/documents ) , Tamil and Turkish , and approximately 30,000 printed books ( including periodicals ) in various other languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3664f7797ec97c0379d1147af7fe6e39", "text": "Indian natural history Natural history in India has a long heritage with a recorded history going back to the Vedas . Natural history research in early times included the broad fields of palaeontology , zoology and botany . These studies would today be considered under field of ecology but in former times , such research was undertaken mainly by amateurs , often physicians , civil servants and army officers . Although the growth of modern natural history in India can be attributed to British colonialism and the growth of natural history in Britain , there is considerable evidence to suggest that India with its diverse landscapes , fauna and flora along with other tropical colonies helped in creating an increased interest in natural history in Britain and elsewhere in the world . Natural history in India was also enriched by older traditions of conservation , folklore , nature study and the arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5c81ad0a2cd257358a173b6131f9564", "text": "Indian English literature Indian English Literature ( IEL ) refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India . Its early history began with the works of R. K. Narayan , Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao who contributed to Indian fiction in the 1930s . It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora , such as V. S. Naipaul , Kiran Desai , Jhumpa Lahiri , Kovid Gupta , Agha Shahid Ali , Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie , who are of Indian descent . It is frequently referred to as Indo-Anglian literature . ( Indo-Anglian is a specific term in the sole context of writing that should not be confused with Anglo-Indian ) . As a category , this production comes in the broader realm of postcolonial literature -- the production from previously colonised countries such as India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea4d286751550c658ab643e2c9b2e479", "text": "Sumatheendra R. Nadig Sumathendra Raghavendra Nadig ( born 1935 ) is an Indian professor and writer . Nadig came upon the literary scene as a prominent modern poet in the 1960s . He was a close associate of Gopalakrishna Adiga , the leader of the modernist movement . Nadig 's `` Dampatya Gita '' has been translated into English , Hindi , Bengali and other Indian languages . His other major poem , `` Panchabhut '' , is considered to be an important and original contribution to modern Indian literature . His poetic achievement has been acknowledged by great poets including Gopalakrishna Adiga , Pu . Ti . Narasimhachar , Ayyappa Panikar , Sitanshu Yashaschandra , Manohar Rai Sardesai , and G. S. Shivrudrappa ; writers including S. L. Bhyrappa and U. R. Anantha Murthy ; and scholars including Kapila Vatsyayan and Sibnarayan Ray . Nadig has two master 's degrees in English , one from Mysore University and the other from Temple University ( US ) . He also received a PhD in Kannada from Bangalore University and an honorary doctorate , `` Shabda Marthand '' , from Gurukul Kangri University , Hardwar . He has received many awards , including the Karnataka Rajyothsava Prashsti , Dinakara Pratisthana Prashasti , V. M. Inamdar Prashsti , and M.V.Si . Puraskara . He was the Chairman of National Book Trust from 1996 to 1999 . He is well known for his critical studies of Bendre , K.S. Narasimha Swamy and Adiga , and short stories and nursery rhymes , and translations from Bengali to Kannada , and from Kannada to English . He knows Kannada , English , Hindi , Marathi , Konkani , and Bengali . `` Poetry makes strange things happen . I reach the society in me , and the society meets me in my poetry . '' -- Sumatheendra Nadig", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34c6e346f37a655eadc56b51dcc64ecc", "text": "Asian South Africans The majority of Asian South Africans are of Indian origin , most of whom are descended from indentured workers transported to work in the 19th century on the sugar plantations of the eastern coastal area , then known as Natal . They are largely English speaking , although many also retain the languages of their ancestors . There is also a significant group of Chinese South Africans ( approximately 300,000 individuals ) , of whom the great majority are recent immigrants of the last two decades . In total the 1.2 million Asians in South Africa represent about two percent of the nation 's population . Most are of Indian or South Asian origin , although there is also a rapidly increasing number of people of Chinese , who were sometimes classified as Coloured ( mixed race ) , `` Other '' , or at least partially as `` White '' under Apartheid ) . Traditionally , the group does not include the `` Cape Malays '' , who were descended ( at least in part ) from South East Asians , who were classified as `` Coloured '' under apartheid . The term Indian is far more commonly used than Asian in South Africa , although examples of both usages can be found .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5584228407adf2ac6f2dde248117c1e9", "text": "Madras Literary Society The Madras Literary Society is a Learned Society in Chennai ( earlier called Madras ) , India which was founded in 1817 and in 1830 it became associated with the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland . It was founded by Sir John Henry Newbolt , Chief Justice of Madras with Benjamin Guy Babington as the founder secretary . The Society produced a journal called the Transactions of the Literary Society of Madras and from 1833 under the name of -LSB- Madras -RSB- Journal of Literature and Science . Most of the early members were Europeans and the first Indian to be admitted was Kavali Lakshmayya who worked with Colin Mackenzie . The journal ceased publication in 1894 . The journal published extensive researches on geology , meteorology , fauna , flora , culture and history . Some of the major contributors to the journal included Thomas C. Jerdon and Walter Elliot . The library run by the society in a red sandstone building in the Department of Public Instruction complex in Nungambakkam is the oldest functional public library in the city and one of the oldest in India . The Government Museum , Chennai started as an extension of the Madras Literary Society library in Nungambakkam before moving to the present premises in Pantheon Road , Egmore . In 1890 , a major part of the library 's book collection was moved to a new building in the same premises as the museum to form the Connemara Public Library . The main library continues to exist in the premises of the DPI albeit in a dilapidated state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fbcc49c341c3504e3fd21c3dc6a61e5", "text": "National Library of Poland The National Library of Poland ( Biblioteka Narodowa ) is the central Polish library , subject directly to the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland . The library collects books , journals , electronic and audiovisual publications published in the territory of Poland , as well as Polonica published abroad . It is the most important humanities research library , the main archive of Polish writing and the state centre of bibliographic information about books . It also plays a significant role as a research facility and is an important methodological center for other Polish libraries . The National Library receives a copy of every book published in Poland as legal deposit . The Jagiellonian Library is the only other library in Poland to have a national library status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba869b1793998a95b3a94e45265b703", "text": "Mizoram Mizoram ( -LSB- langpronaudio = Mizorampron.oggmɪˈzɔərəm -RSB- ) is one of the states of Northeast India , with Aizawl as its capital city . The name is derived from Mi ( people ) , Zo ( lofty place , such as a hill ) and Ram ( land ) , and thus Mizoram implies `` land of the hill people '' . In the northeast , it is the southern most landlocked state sharing borders with three of the Seven , now with the addition of Sikkim , Eight sister states , namely Tripura , Assam , Manipur . The state also shares a 722 kilometre border with the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar . Like several other northeastern states of India , Mizoram was previously part of Assam until 1972 , when it was carved out as a Union Territory . It became the 23rd state of India , a step above Union Territory , on 20 February 1987 , with Fifty-Third Amendment of Indian Constitution ,1986 . Mizoram 's population was 1,091,014 , according to a 2011 census . It is the 2nd least populous state in the country . Mizoram covers an area of approximately 21,087 square kilometres . About 91 % of the state is forested . About 95 % of the current population is of diverse tribal origins who settled in the state , mostly from Southeast Asia , over waves of migration starting about the 16th century but mainly in the 18th century . This is the highest concentration of tribal people among all states of India , and they are currently protected under Indian constitution as a Scheduled Tribe . Mizoram is one of three states of India with a Christian majority ( 87 % ) . Its people belong to various denominations , mostly Presbyterian in its north and Baptists in south . Mizoram is a highly literate agrarian economy , but suffers from slash-and-burn jhum or shifting cultivation , and poor crop yields . In recent years , the jhum farming practices are steadily being replaced with a significant horticulture and bamboo products industry . The state 's gross state domestic product for 2012 was estimated at . About 20 % of Mizoram 's population lives below poverty line , with 35 % rural poverty . The state has about 871 kilometres of national highways , with NH-54 and NH-150 connecting it to Assam and Manipur respectively . It is also a growing transit point for trade with Myanmar and Bangladesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8d1465578d6926397a7db422b952cd", "text": "Online book rental in India Online book rental refers to a service wherein users rent books via the internet . Users browse books online and have their choices home-delivered , rather than physically visiting a library to borrow a book . This e-commerce model is very similar to the popular video rental service provided by the California-based Netflix . Online book rental is gaining popularity in India , with a number of websites offering free doorstep delivery for a small monthly fee . The popularity of such websites can be attributed to increasing internet usage in the country ; India is expected to have the third-largest number of internet users in the world by 2013 . Statistics for the publishing industry are also promising . India is the world 's third-largest market for English books , and its entire book market -- in English , as well as regional languages -- is estimated to generate Rs . 10,000 crore annually . The online book market in India is expected to grow at 30 -- 35 % annually for the next five years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a35514dd5793f9f00dc2323f3e2d699b", "text": "Andrews Library Andrews Library was established in 1850 in Surat , Gujarat , India , and named after Andrews , a retired magistrate , and co-established by Rao Bahadur Naginchand Jhaveri , a wealthy pearl dealer who often contributed to the development of the city . The library holds some rare works in arts and history , this literary realm also caters to students from the science , commerce , engineering and medical fields , and provides newspapers and magazines in many languages for the locals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f59ba11e3c936efa665d5225ccdf7648", "text": "National Book Trust National Book Trust ( NBT ) is an Indian publishing house , founded in 1957 as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education of the Government of India . NBT now functions under aegis of Ministry of Human Resource Development , Govt . of India India 's first Prime Minister Pt . Jawaharlal Nehru envisioned that NBT would be a bureaucracy-free structure that would publish low-cost books . They publish a monthly Newsletter about recent publications . The activities of the Trust include publishing , promotion of books and reading , promotion of Indian books abroad , assistance to authors and publishers , and promotion of children 's literature . NBT publishes reading material in several Indian languages for all age-groups , including books for children and neo-literates . NBT 's children 's books are known for their illustrations , by illustrators such as Pulak Biswas , Jagdish Joshi , Mrinal Mitra , Subir Roy , Atanu Roy , Manjula Padmanabhan , Mickey Patel and Suddhasattwa Basu . Painters Jatin Das and Krishen Khanna have also illustrated books for the Trust .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a6730d623861b6a1a072d787c38d563", "text": "Economy of Punjab, India According to the 2008 Global Hunger Index , Punjab has the lowest level of hunger in India . Less than one-fourth of children below the age of five are underweight , although Punjab `` came off worse than countries like Gabon and Vietnam when measured on the index '' . Punjab has relatively good infrastructure . This includes road , rail , air and river transport links that are extensive throughout the region . Punjab has also one of the lowest poverty rate in India at 6.16 % ( 1999-2000 figures ) , and has won the best state performance award , based on statistical data compiled by the Indian Government . In 2012 , the state was one of the highest receiver of overall remittances to India which stood at $ 66.13 billion ( 4547429450000.00 Indian Rupees ) , below Kerala , Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8728214656470d90057cc7247ecd271", "text": "Parkhi Parkhi is a surname of Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmins . The common Gotra found in Parkhis is Vashishtha/Vashishthas . They are mostly located in Pune and Nagpur . Other Parkhis are also found in -LSB- Ahmednagar -RSB- , Mumbai , Thane , Nashik , Dombivali and abroad in the United States and United Kingdom . Chandu Parkhi is one of the most notable persons with the surname Parkhi . Sandeep Parkhi has designed the website for the Parkhi family in Nagpur . URL for that is registered as `` www.parkhi.net '' Raghunath Shatanand Parkhi ( 1901 -- 1968 ) was one of the stalwarts in the field of Library Science in India . He was the Librarian of Fergusson College , Pune & a visiting professor at DRTC Bangalore . R.S. Parkhi originated from Bhor , one of the princely states of British India , under the Poona political agency . His ancestors worked with Pantsachiv Shankarrao Chimnajirao , the Ruler of Bhor . Like many Maharashtrian surnames originate from their native place or from their profession , it is believed that `` Parkhi '' surname originated from being a `` Connoisseur '' at Bhor Sansthan . Gopal Gangadhar Parkhi known as Go Gam Parkhi ( 1926 -- 1982 ) was a writer . The famous marathi movie `` Sangatye Aika `` was based on his novel similarly movie `` Pahu Re Kiti Wat '' & `` Jidd '' were also based on his stories . He wrote many dramas including Kachech Ghar , Akshansh Rekhansh , Katha Kunachi Vyatha Kuna , Navi kahani Smruti Purani , Mihi Ahe Ek Jatayu , and Halo Mi Boltoy . He belongs to Vasishthh gotra & native place-Kadus taluka Khed jilah Pune . His father Gangadhar Gopal Parkhi ( 1900-1933 ) was a writer , who wrote the book `` Nibandh Manjiri '' . This book was a school textbook and was published by Chitrashala Press , pune in 1931 . Category : Indian family names", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d96bb20c025693d1b1adea44f16579a1", "text": "Indo-Greek Kingdom The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom was a Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of the northwest regions of South Asia ( mainly modern Afghanistan and Pakistan ) during the last two centuries BC and was ruled by more than thirty kings , often in conflict with each other . The kingdom was founded when the Graeco-Bactrian king Demetrius invaded the subcontinent early in the 2nd century BC . The Greeks in South Asia were eventually divided from the Graeco-Bactrians centered in Bactria ( now the border between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan ) . But the Greeks failed to establish united rule in present-day north-western South Asia . The most famous Indo-Greek ruler was Menander ( Milinda ) . He had his capital at Sakala in the Punjab ( present-day Sialkot , Punjab , Pakistan ) . The expression `` Indo-Greek Kingdom '' loosely describes a number of various dynastic polities , traditionally associated with a number of regional capitals like Taxila , ( modern Punjab ( Pakistan ) ) , Pushkalavati and Sagala . Other potential centers are only hinted at ; for instance , Ptolemy 's Geographia and the nomenclature of later kings suggest that a certain Theophila in the south of the Indo-Greek sphere of influence may also have been a satrapal or royal seat at one time . Euthydemus I was , according to Polybius a Magnesian Greek . His son , Demetrius , founder of the Indo-Greek kingdom , was therefore of Greek descent from his father at minimum . A marriage treaty was arranged for Demetrius with a daughter of Antiochus III the Great , who had partial Persian descent . The ethnicity of later Indo-Greek rulers is less clear . During the two centuries of their rule , the Indo-Greek kings combined the Greek and Indo-Iranian languages and symbols , as seen on their coins , and blended Hindu , Buddhist and ancient Greek religious practices , as seen in the archaeological remains of their cities and in the indications of their support of Buddhism , pointing to a rich fusion of Indian and Hellenistic influences . The diffusion of Indo-Greek culture had consequences which are still felt today , particularly through the influence of Greco-Buddhist art . The Indo-Greeks ultimately disappeared as a political entity around 10 AD following the invasions of the Indo-Scythians , although pockets of Greek populations probably remained for several centuries longer under the subsequent rule of the Indo-Parthians and Kushans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd97cdc7ac4451bb8dd2772e0ff89c6c", "text": "India (disambiguation) India , officially the Republic of India ( Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) is a country in South Asia . India may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e53629279a66fde0cc0d9c9d73bab2d", "text": "Dravidian languages The Dravidian languages are a language family spoken mainly in southern India and parts of eastern and central India , as well as in Sri Lanka with small pockets in southwestern Pakistan , southern Afghanistan , Nepal , Bangladesh and Bhutan , and overseas in other countries such as Malaysia and Singapore . The Dravidian languages with the most speakers are Telugu , Tamil , Kannada and Malayalam . There are also small groups of Dravidian-speaking scheduled tribes , who live beyond the mainstream communities , such as the Kurukh in Eastern India , Kui people of Odisha and Gond tribes in Central India . Though some argue that the Dravidian languages may have been brought to India by migrations in the fourth or third millennium BCE or even earlier , the Dravidian languages can not easily be connected to any other language , and they could well be indigenous to India . Epigraphically the Dravidian languages have been attested since the 2nd century BCE . Only two Dravidian languages are exclusively spoken outside India : Brahui in Pakistan and Dhangar , a dialect of Kurukh , in Nepal . Dravidian place names along the Arabian Sea coast and the Dravidian grammatical influence such as clusivity in the Indo-Aryan languages , namely Marathi , Konkani , Gujarati , Marwari , and Sindhi , suggest that Dravidian languages were once spoken more widely across the Indian subcontinent .", "title": "" } ]	fever
58793a65fedc40c75549503fba49cfef	Charles, Prince of Wales is heir apparent to the monarch of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.	[ { "docid": "c6bf8b5c6053a998a4e68ab61ca19c77", "text": "Elizabeth II Elizabeth II ( Elizabeth Alexandra Mary ; born 21 April 1926 ) has been Queen of the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand since 6 February 1952 . She is Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of 12 countries that have become independent since her accession : Jamaica , Barbados , the Bahamas , Grenada , Papua New Guinea , Solomon Islands , Tuvalu , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Belize , Antigua and Barbuda , and Saint Kitts and Nevis . Elizabeth was born in London as the elder child of the Duke and Duchess of York , later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth , and she was educated privately at home . Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936 , from which time she was the heir presumptive . She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War , serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service . In 1947 , she married Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , a former prince of Greece and Denmark , with whom she has four children : Charles , Prince of Wales ; Anne , Princess Royal ; Prince Andrew , Duke of York ; and Prince Edward , Earl of Wessex . Elizabeth 's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and visits to or from five popes . She has seen major constitutional changes , such as devolution in the United Kingdom , Canadian patriation , and the decolonisation of Africa . She has reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms . She is the world 's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain 's longest-lived . In 2015 , she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother , Queen Victoria , to become the longest-reigning British monarch and the longest-reigning queen regnant and female head of state in world history . In October 2016 , she became the longest currently reigning monarch and head of state following the death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand . Times of personal significance have included the births and marriages of her children , her coronation in 1953 , and the celebration of milestones such as her Silver , Golden , and Diamond Jubilees in 1977 , 2002 , and 2012 , respectively . In 2017 she became the first British monarch to commemorate a Sapphire Jubilee . Moments of sadness for her include the death of her father in 1952 at age 56 ; the assassination of Prince Philip 's uncle Lord Mountbatten in 1979 ; the breakdown of her children 's marriages in 1992 ( her annus horribilis ) ; the death in 1997 of her son 's former wife , Diana , Princess of Wales ; and the deaths of her mother and sister in 2002 . Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and press criticism of the royal family ; however , support for the monarchy remains high , as does her personal popularity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "774d32a9ca141667065272f45aaac608", "text": "Charles, Prince of Wales Charles , Prince of Wales ( Charles Philip Arthur George ; born 14 November 1948 ) is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay , he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history , having held the position since 1952 . He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover ( the heir presumptive to Queen Anne ) , who died in 1714 at the age of 83 . Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun Schools , which his father , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , had attended as a child , as well as the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria , Australia . After earning a bachelor of arts degree from Trinity College , Cambridge , Charles served in the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976 . In 1981 , he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons : Prince William ( born 1982 ) later to become Duke of Cambridge , and Prince Harry ( born 1984 ) . In 1996 , the couple divorced , following well-publicised extramarital affairs . Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year . In 2005 , Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles . Charles 's interests encompass a range of humanitarian and social issues : he founded The Prince 's Trust in 1976 , sponsors The Prince 's Charities , and is patron of numerous other charitable and arts organisations . Charles has long championed organic farming for which he established the Duchy Home Farm , run by the Duchy of Cornwall , which produces ingredients for the Duchy Originals brand which he founded in 1990 . Charles has sought to raise world awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment , such as climate change . As an environmentalist , he has received numerous awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world . His support for alternative medicine , including homeopathy , has been criticised by some in the medical community . He has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings . Subsequently , Charles created Poundbury , an experimental new town based on his theories , in Dorset in 1993 . He has authored a number of books , including A Vision of Britain : A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and the children 's book The Old Man of Lochnagar in 1980 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b3bf35c130e45264200b681237037069", "text": "Prince Philip of Yugoslavia Prince Philip of Yugoslavia , also known as Filip Karađorđević ( Serbian Cyrillic : Филип Карађорђевић ; born 15 January 1982 in Fairfax , Virginia ) , is a member of the House of Karađorđević . He is the son of Alexander , Crown Prince of Yugoslavia , and Princess Maria da Gloria , Duchess of Segorbe , and the fraternal twin of Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia . He would be second in the line to the throne after his elder brother , Hereditary Prince Peter . His godparents are Queen Sofia of Spain , King Constantine II of Greece , and Princess Anne , Duchess of Calabria . Philip lived in Virginia until 1984 . Together with his twin brother , he was educated in London and Canterbury . In June 2000 he completed sixth form at The King 's School , Canterbury . He was awarded a BA from University College London at the completion of his university studies . Prince Philip is now working for a foreign financial institution in the City of London . On 17 July 2001 , Philip and the Royal Family took up residence in the Royal Palace in Belgrade . He is also in line for Succession to the British throne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d82b4c399e88bbe89f859a87fb5921f", "text": "FitzClarence Fitzclarence or FitzClarence is a pseudo-Anglo-Norman name meaning `` son of Clarence '' -- it usually refers to a bastard son of a Duke of Clarence , or a descendant thereof , and was used by them as a surname . The FitzClarence family was an illegitimate branch of the House of Hanover . Prince William , Duke of Clarence , and future king William IV of the United Kingdom , had at least ten children with his mistress Dorothea Jordan , all of whom took the surname FitzClarence . All of them were also granted by their father the rank of a marquess ' younger sons or daughters . The Duke of Clarence 's eldest surviving illegitimate child , George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) , was created Earl of Munster in 1831 and his male-line was continued until the death of Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster in 2000 . Two of Lord Munster 's brothers , Frederick and Augustus ( a priest ) , had issue that were also part of the family . Five daughters of William IV and Dorothy Jordan were married to nobles or prominent military figures , including William Hay , 18th Earl of Erroll , Lucius Cary , 10th Viscount Falkland , and Admiral Lord John Hallyburton . Only one , Mary , had no children . The 10 children of Prince William , Duke of Clarence , future King of Great Britain and his mistress , Dorothy Jordan , and their descendants : George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) and his grandson : Charles FitzClarence ( 1865 -- 1914 ) Henry FitzClarence ( 1795 -- 1817 ) Sophia FitzClarence ( 1796 -- 1837 ) Mary FitzClarence ( 1798 -- 1864 ) Frederick FitzClarence ( 1799 -- 1854 ) Elizabeth FitzClarence ( 1801 -- 1856 ) Adolphus FitzClarence ( rear admiral ) ( 1802 -- 1856 ) ( no issue ) Augusta FitzClarence ( 1803 -- 1865 ) Augustus FitzClarence ( 1805 -- 1854 ) Amelia FitzClarence ( 1807 -- 1858 ) William FitzClarence , 2nd Earl of Munster ( 1824 -- 1901 ) Geoffrey FitzClarence , 3rd Earl of Munster ( 1859 -- 1902 ) Aubrey FitzClarence , 4th Earl of Munster ( 1862 -- 1928 ) Geoffrey FitzClarence , 5th Earl of Munster ( 1906 -- 1975 ) Edward FitzClarence , 6th Earl of Munster ( 1899 -- 1983 ) Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster ( 1926 -- 2000 ) Category : House of Hanover Category : Noble families of the United Kingdom Category : William IV of the United Kingdom Category : Norman-language surnames !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d3763dd3acd909cf1ecfe3120756166", "text": "Prince William, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Prince William , Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh may refer to : Prince William Henry , Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh , third son of Frederick , Prince of Wales Prince William Frederick , Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh , son of Prince William Henry", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc45146975e7f5f653a2e36678c19c8c", "text": "Legitimists The Legitimists ( Légitimistes ) are royalists in France who adhere to the rights of dynastic succession of the descendants of the elder branch of the Bourbon dynasty , which was overthrown in the 1830 July Revolution . They reject the claim of the July Monarchy of 1830 -- 1848 , whose king was a member of the junior Orléans line of the Bourbon dynasty . Following the movement of Ultra-royalists during the Bourbon Restoration of 1814 , legitimists came to form one of the three main right-wing factions in France , which was principally characterized by its counter-revolutionary views . The other two right-wing factions are , according to historian René Rémond , the Orléanists and the Bonapartists . Legitimists hold that the king of France must be chosen according to the traditional rules of succession based in the Salic law . When the direct line of Charles X became extinct in 1883 with the death of his grandson Henri , Count of Chambord , the most senior heir to the throne under these traditional rules was Juan , Count of Montizón , a descendent of Louis XIV via his grandson Philip V of Spain . The main current legitimist pretender is Louis Alphonse , Duke of Anjou .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdbc1423ef244f7113ca64cab0e9e7cd", "text": "Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah ( الحسين بن عبد الله الثاني , Al-Ḥusayn bin ʿAbdullāh aṯ-ṯānī ; born 28 June 1994 ) is the heir apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of Jordan and the eldest child of King Abdullah II and Queen Rania . He replaced his half-uncle , Prince Hamzah , as heir apparent in 2004 , and was granted the title of crown prince in 2009 . Since reaching the age of majority in 2012 , Hussein has functioned as regent on several occasions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8841d5f899e069bcaed33d66caaf987", "text": "Dauphin of France The Dauphin of France ( -LSB- pronˈdɔːfᵻn -RSB- , also -LSB- ˈdəufæn -RSB- and -LSB- douˈfæn -RSB- Dauphin de France , -LSB- dofɛ̃ -RSB- ) -- strictly The Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois ) -- was the title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791 and 1824 to 1830 . The word is French for dolphin , as a reference to the depiction of the animal on their coat of arms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65db15b7b1b6d8061b34c5578b25d138", "text": "1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference The 1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers ' Economic Conference was an emergency Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations . It was called by the British government of Sir Winston Churchill and held in the United Kingdom in December 1952 as a follow-up to a Commonwealth Finance Minister 's conference held in January 1952 . The conference was held in the context of British economic and military decline and the United States ' surging role in the world . The principal topic of the conference was the convertibility and liquidity of Pound sterling into American dollars and British concerns that non-sterling Commonwealth countries were building up sterling balances for the purpose of conversion into American dollars , the future of the Pound sterling area , and the alleviation of Commonwealth trade restrictions and imperial preference , particularly in the light of the surging American economy and the desire of Commonwealth countries such as Australia for American investment in order for economic development to occur against British concerns that American economic dominance threatened Britain 's economic position . This discussion was necessary as the Commonwealth , with the exception of Canada , had a common pool of gold and dollar reserves . Little was accomplished in the economic discussion with the final communique being described as an `` agreement in platitudes '' . British concerns at being excluded from the ANZUS military treaty between Australia , New Zealand and the United States were also a topic and were addressed by a communique issued by the prime ministers supporting Britain 's demand for a voice in ANZUS . In addition , Commonwealth prime ministers , after months of discussion on whether the newly ascended Queen Elizabeth II should have a uniform Royal Styles and Titles throughout the Commonwealth or whether realms should adopt their own styles and titles , it was agreed that each member of the Commonwealth `` should use for its own purposes a form of the Royal Style and Titles which suits its own particular circumstances but retains a substantial element which is common to all '' and agreed to pass appropriate legislation in their respective parliaments . The prime ministers also agreed to proclaim the new Queen , Elizabeth II , Head of the Commonwealth in succession of her late father , George VI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ba99564c10b31cb89cb4b8eb7a7a21", "text": "Commonwealth realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state that is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and shares the same person , currently Elizabeth II , as its head of state and reigning constitutional monarch , but retains a crown legally distinct from the other realms . As of 2017 , there are 16 Commonwealth realms : Antigua and Barbuda , Australia , Barbados , Belize , Canada , Grenada , Jamaica , New Zealand , Papua New Guinea , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Solomon Islands , The Bahamas , Tuvalu and the United Kingdom . The Statute of Westminster 1931 provided for the then Dominions -- named therein as Canada , Australia , New Zealand , the Union of South Africa , the Irish Free State , and Newfoundland -- to have full or nearly full legislative independence as equal members of the British Commonwealth of Nations , having , together with the United Kingdom , one person as the sovereign of each . Subsequently , India and Pakistan ( both in 1947 ) and Ceylon ( in 1948 ) became Dominions . By the early 1950s , in order to reflect the equality between the countries in that group , each ( including the United Kingdom , but not the former Irish Free State and India , which had by that time become republics ) came to be known as a realm . The word was formally used in Britain 's proclamation of Elizabeth II as queen in 1952 and was adopted for the modern royal styles and titles under the legislation enacted by the individual countries . The principle was applied to other countries as they became Commonwealth realms , having sovereign status granted directly . The phrase Commonwealth realm , though used officially , is not a statutory term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "351b50fab3db049b590c6593497ac988", "text": "Australian Canadians Australian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Australian descent or Australian-born people who reside in Canada . According to the 2011 Census there were 36,350 Canadians who claimed full or partial Australian ancestry . Both are among the most developed countries and share historical connections , language , similar customs and among others , they also have Elizabeth II as their Head of State as both are also Commonwealth realms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b6df5f6496cab8bfbd1e1e1c05efcc9", "text": "British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state . The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus . Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory . Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) . the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b058561ea9150d6f24c715bf2eeaa3", "text": "Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . They are independently administered jurisdictions , and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self-governing possessions of the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ) . Internationally , the dependencies are considered `` territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible '' , rather than sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However , they do have relationships with the Commonwealth , the European Union , and other international organisations , and are members of the British -- Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . They are not part of the European Union ( EU ) , although they are within the EU 's customs area . As the Crown dependencies are not sovereign states , the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the government of the United Kingdom . However they each have their own legislative assemblies , with the power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown ( Privy Council , or in the case of the Isle of Man in certain circumstances the Lieutenant-Governor ) . In each case , the head of government is referred to as the Chief Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aff89dafe70e4946cecbd2f6ce72edcb", "text": "Australia–Canada relations Australia -- Canada relations are the relations between the two commonwealth realms of Australia and Canada , both former Dominions of the British Empire , with Elizabeth II as monarch . According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll , 79 % of Australians view Canada positively , with only 7 % expressing a negative view .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d9863eaadb5433e26ea8b4952595ee", "text": "Charles III of England There has not been an English , Scottish nor British king with the title Charles III , but it is sometimes used to refer to : Charles Edward Stuart ( 1720 -- 1788 ) , Jacobite pretender to the throne Charles , Prince of Wales ( born 1948 ) , heir apparent to the throne of the United Kingdom", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7100993df8ba067288ea043e3cf7392d", "text": "Descent of Elizabeth II from William the Conqueror This list shows the most senior line of descent of Elizabeth II , the current British Sovereign , from William I. Each person on the list is the son or daughter of the person above him or her on the list . There are many other more junior lines of descent of the family , but the crown , in theory at least , only descends through the most senior line ( a major exception being the exclusion of the genealogically senior Jacobite succession by the Act of Settlement 1701 ) . Owing to extinct lines , large parts of entire royal houses ( Lancaster , Tudor , Stuart ) are bypassed in the current most senior line . The numbers can be used to calculate the number of generations between two individuals on this list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e21da5415e4db6432fe54fc5461b3bb", "text": "Politics of Wales Politics in Wales forms a distinctive polity in the wider politics of the United Kingdom , with Wales as one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom ( UK ) . Constitutionally , the United Kingdom is de jure a unitary state with one sovereign parliament and government . However , under a system of devolution ( or home rule ) adopted in the late 1990s three of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland , voted for limited self-government , subject to the ability of the UK Parliament in Westminster , nominally at will , to amend , change , broaden or abolish the national governmental systems . As such the National Assembly for Wales ( Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru ) is not de jure sovereign . Executive power in the United Kingdom is vested in the Queen-in-Council , while legislative power is vested in the Queen-in-Parliament ( the Crown and the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster in London ) . The Government of Wales Act 1998 established devolution in Wales , and certain executive and legislative powers have been constitutionally delegated to the National Assembly for Wales . The scope of these powers was further widened by the Government of Wales Act 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72b0d7ea50c6dde48cbc818e58db6f7", "text": "Prince Charles (disambiguation) Prince Charles ( born 1948 ) is the current heir-apparent to the British throne . Prince Charles may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "637b6d7d3daed43b3236ec32e3662c46", "text": "Prince Hermann Friedrich of Leiningen Prince Hermann Friedrich of Leiningen ( born 16 April 1963 ) is the younger son of Prince Karl of Leiningen and his wife Princess Marie Louise of Bulgaria . Hermann was born in Toronto , Ontario , as Hermann Friedrich Fernando Roland . Through his mother , Hermann is a grandson of King Boris III of Bulgaria , a great-grandson of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and - great-great-grandson of King Nicholas of Montenegro . Through his father , he is a great-great-great grandson of Queen Victoria ( thus in the line of succession to the British throne ) , as well as Tsar Alexander II of Russia . According to Marlene Eilers , Hermann of Leiningen belongs to the Eastern Orthodox Church . His paternal grandmother was Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna Romanova of Russia and his maternal grandmother was Princess Giovanna of Savoia , daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy . On 16 May 1987 , in Oakville ( near Toronto ) , Hermann married Deborah Cully ( born 2 December 1961 , in Belfast ) , daughter of Robert and Myrna Ruth Cully . They have three children : Princess Tatiana of Leiningen ( born 27 August 1989 ) , presently a graduate of Queen 's University Princess Nadia of Leiningen ( born 16 December 1991 ) , presently a graduate of Queen 's University Princess Alexandra of Leiningen ( born 18 December 1997 ) Hermann works in London for RBC Global Asset Management Inc. , a division of the Royal Bank of Canada . He uses the name Hermann Leiningen professionally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68faeda2f50eab595360a56c517a2da2", "text": "List of Prime Ministers of King George VI King George VI was the monarch of the United Kingdom , the British Commonwealth and the British Empire from 11 December 1936 until his death on 6 February 1952 . During his reign George was served by a total of 31 Prime Ministers ; 4 from the United Kingdom , 7 from Australia , 2 from Canada , 1 from Ceylon , 1 from India , 1 from Ireland , 3 from Malta , 3 from New Zealand , 3 from Northern Ireland , 2 from Pakistan , 3 from South Africa and 1 from Southern Rhodesia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "090aa0c1cfc7ccac09d1f25cd7d16649", "text": "Danish Act of Succession referendum, 2009 A referendum on changing the Danish Act of Succession , the rules governing the succession to the Danish throne , was held in Denmark , the Faroe Islands , and Greenland on 7 June 2009 , simultaneously with the election to the European Parliament , in Denmark proper . The law , which passed with 85.4 % of the popular vote , eliminates male-preference primogeniture in favour of absolute primogeniture , resulting in sons losing precedence over daughters in the line of succession . The law did not affect anyone in the line of succession at the time of the election : the Queen 's two children are both male , as is the Crown Prince 's eldest child , born in 2005 . However , had the referendum not been successful , Prince Vincent , who was born in 2011 , would have been higher in the line of succession than Princess Isabella , born in 2007 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
47c3fb877a50b31c1a299e71de341bf0	Ellen DeGeneres is a Gemini.	[ { "docid": "efb9801e79d0ed9a170e2c72352b32a9", "text": "Gemini (astrology) Gemini ( pronunciation : -LSB- ˈdʒɛmɪnaɪ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɛmɪniː -RSB- or ) is the third astrological sign in the zodiac , originating from the constellation of Gemini . Under the tropical zodiac , the sun transits this sign between May 21 and June 21 . Gemini is represented by The Twins Castor and Pollux . The symbol of the twins is based on the Dioscuri , two mortals that were granted shared godhood after death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44440996479ace8f9dcfad828161d898", "text": "Ellen DeGeneres Ellen Lee DeGeneres ( -LSB- dᵻˈdʒɛnərᵻs -RSB- born January 26 , 1958 ) is an American comedian , television host , actress , writer , and producer . DeGeneres starred in the popular sitcom Ellen from 1994 to 1998 and has hosted her syndicated TV talk show , The Ellen DeGeneres Show , since 2003 . Her stand-up career started in the early 1980s , and included a 1986 appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . As a film actress , DeGeneres starred in Mr. Wrong ( 1996 ) , appeared in EDtv ( 1999 ) , and The Love Letter ( 1999 ) , and provided the voice of Dory in the Pixar animated films Finding Nemo ( 2003 ) and Finding Dory ( 2016 ) ; for Nemo , she was awarded the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress , the first time an actress won a Saturn Award for a voice performance . In 2010 , she was a judge on American Idol for its ninth season . She starred in two television sitcoms , Ellen from 1994 to 1998 , and The Ellen Show from 2001 to 2002 . During the fourth season of Ellen in 1997 , she came out as a lesbian in an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show . Her character , Ellen Morgan , also came out to a therapist played by Winfrey , and the series went on to explore various LGBT issues , including the coming-out process . This made her the first openly lesbian actress to play an openly lesbian character on television . In 2008 , she married her longtime girlfriend Portia de Rossi . DeGeneres has hosted the Academy Awards , Grammy Awards , and the Primetime Emmys . She has authored three books and started her own record company , Eleveneleven . She has won 29 Emmys , 20 People 's Choice Awards ( more than any other person ) , and numerous other awards for her work and charitable efforts . In 2016 , she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5c39a3a963359795317d11edcf245dc3", "text": "Ellen Ballon Ellen Ballon ( October 6 , 1898 -- December 21 , 1969 ) was a Canadian pianist . The daughter of Jewish Lithuanian immigrants , she was born in Montreal , Quebec . A child prodigy , she gave her first concert at the age of five and began studying music at the McGill Conservatorium with Clara Lichtenstein at the age of six . In 1906 , she moved to New York City , where she studied with Rafael Joseffy and Rubin Goldmark . In March 1910 , she gave her debut concert there , performing with the New York Symphony . She was invited to perform at the White House for President Taft ; she would return to perform for President Roosevelt and President Eisenhower . She went to Switzerland in 1914 , where she studied with Josef Hofmann . Because of World War I , she returned to New York in 1916 . By this time , she was performing as a concert pianist . She later began studying with Wilhelm Backhaus , who was in Vienna . Ballon toured Europe in 1927 and Canada in 1928 . In 1934 , she settled in London . She stopped performing for two years after she broke an ankle getting out of a cab in 1938 . In 1945 , she commissioned a concerto from the Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos . She gave the premier performance in Rio de Janeiro in 1946 , followed by the American and Canadian premiers in 1947 . For a short time , she taught at the Faculty of Music at McGill University , where she had established a music scholarship in her own name in 1928 . Ballon appeared on the CBC television show Heure du concert . In 1954 , she married Colonel Théodore-Lafleur Bullock . Ballon died in Montreal at the age of 71 . Ballon was described by Arthur Rubinstein as `` the greatest pianistic genius I have ever met '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac455ba92597862a6aa5e4f91311d2b2", "text": "Gift suite A gift suite is a location where companies give products to celebrities in exchange for the celebrity taking a photo with the product or on a red carpet while standing in front of a press wall displaying company logos Companies that are trying to build brand recognition or maintain a premier position in the market like to be associated with celebrities and other persons with significant social status . Fans of a celebrity are likely to look favorably on products or services associated with that person , therefore products and services associated with a celebrity have the ability to grow their customer base by simply associating their brand with the celebrity . Most gifting suites take place in Hollywood during award weeks . The primary awards shows are the Oscars , Emmys and Grammys . During the week before these shows , there are often up to ten gifting suites . During other award weeks like the Golden Globes , Screen Actors Guild awards and the VMAs there will also be gifting suites , but they are typically fewer and with fewer products for the celebrities . Official gifting suites are contracted by award shows and Hollywood events and exist in a location on-site and backstage . They work in an official capacity with the show 's production and talent . Events like the Oscars , Screen Actors Guild Awards , and Golden Globes do not currently host any official gifting suites at their events . Red carpet photos from various gifting suites can be found online on CelebrityConnected , Getty Images , Wire Image and Daily Celeb . It 's proved that nowadays gift suite is a successful marketing trick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74f163bb1879b078e53db0423c22432b", "text": "Ellen (TV series) Ellen is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from March 29 , 1994 , to July 22 , 1998 , consisting of 109 episodes . The title role is Ellen Morgan , played by stand-up comedian Ellen DeGeneres , a neurotic bookstore owner in her thirties . The title of the series was These Friends of Mine for the first season , but it was subsequently changed to avoid confusion with the NBC series Friends , which premiered in September 1994 . The series centered on Ellen 's dealing with her quirky friends , her family , and the problems of daily life . The series is notable for being one of the first with a main character to come out as gay , which DeGeneres ' character did in the 1997 episode `` The Puppy Episode '' , which aired shortly after DeGeneres publicly revealed that she was gay in real life . This event received a great deal of media exposure , ignited controversy , and prompted ABC to place a parental advisory at the beginning of each episode . The series ' theme song ( used in season 3 onwards ) , `` So Called Friend '' , is by Scottish band Texas . A running gag during the third and fourth seasons was that each episode had a distinct/different opening credits sequence ( often with singing and dancing ) , resulting from Ellen 's ongoing search for the perfect opening credits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd4b7378cb502e599afa142f007ffe", "text": "Gemini Major Benn Gilbert Kamoto ( born June 14 , 1990 ) , better known by his stage name Gemini Major , is a Malawian-born record producer and Singer-songwriter . Gemini Major is currently signed to Family Tree Records , a South African independent record label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34dca7332e487ae50c0f26689584cfeb", "text": "Ellen Goldsmith-Vein Ellen Goldsmith-Vein is an American television and film producer . She is the founder and CEO of the Gotham Group , a talent management agency . As the only woman to own her own entertainment management agency completely , Goldsmith-Vein was the first talent manager ever featured on the cover of the `` Power 100 '' special issue of The Hollywood Reporter in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d03006d45a7d4e17ad1170f05453ac53", "text": "The Puppy Episode `` The Puppy Episode '' is a two-part episode of the situation comedy television series Ellen . The episode details lead character Ellen Morgan 's realization that she is a lesbian and her coming out . It was the 22nd and 23rd episode of the series ' 4th season . The episode was written by series star Ellen DeGeneres with Mark Driscoll , Tracy Newman , Dava Savel and Jonathan Stark and directed by Gil Junger . It originally aired on ABC on April 30 , 1997 . The title was used as a code name for Ellen 's coming out so as to keep the whole episode under wraps . DeGeneres began negotiating with ABC in 1996 to have Morgan come out . When word of the negotiations got out , DeGeneres found herself at the center of intense speculation about when she or her character , or both , would come out . With DeGeneres hinting at her and her character 's coming out both off-screen and within the show , the rumors were confirmed when the episode went into production in March 1997 . Despite threats from advertisers and religious groups , `` The Puppy Episode '' was an enormous ratings success , won multiple awards and became a cultural phenomenon . Nonetheless , DeGeneres and her show quickly garnered criticism for being `` too gay '' ; the series was canceled after one more season and DeGeneres and guest star Laura Dern faced career backlash .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d48c36b52975f1106cdd29eadab34ae", "text": "Aquarius (astrology) Aquarius ( Greek : Ὑδροχόος Hydrokhoös , Latin : Aquārius ) is the eleventh astrological sign in the Zodiac , originating from the constellation Aquarius . The water carrier represented by the zodiacal constellation Aquarius is Ganymede , a beautiful Phrygian youth . Ganymede was the son of Tros , king of Troy ( according to Lucian , he was also the son of Dardanus ) . While tending to his father 's flocks on Mount Ida , Ganymede was spotted by Jupiter . The king of gods became enamored of the boy and flew down to the mountain in the form of a large bird , whisking Ganymede away to the heavens . Ever since , the boy has served as cupbearer to the gods . Ovid has Orpheus sing the tale : `` The king of the gods was once fired with love for Phrygian Ganymede , and when that happened Jupiter found another shape preferable to his own . Wishing to turn himself into a bird , he none the less scorned to change into any save that which can carry his thunderbolts . Then without delay , beating the air on borrowed pinions , he snatched away the shepherd of Ilium , who even now mixes the winecups , and supplies Jove with nectar , to the annoyance of Juno '' ( Metamorphoses X 154-160 ) . Aquarius is a summer constellation in the northern hemisphere , found near Pisces and Cetus . It is especially notable as the radiant for four meteor showers , the largest of which is the Delta Aquarid meteor shower in late July and early August . Under the tropical zodiac , the sun is in Aquarius typically between January 20 and February 18 , while under the Sidereal Zodiac , the sun is in Aquarius from approximately February 15 to March 14 , depending on leap year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ebd1277451958a5b098f3c027fbb751", "text": "Aquarius (U.S. TV series) Aquarius is an American period crime drama television series created by John McNamara for NBC . The show aired from May 28 , 2015 , to September 10 , 2016 . In 2015 , the series was among seven others to receive the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Most Exciting New Series . On October 1 , 2016 , NBC cancelled the series after two seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a05f0c4de32a476abd828672425c134", "text": "Ellen's Design Challenge Ellen 's Design Challenge is an American furniture design reality competition series that premiered on January 26 , 2015 , on HGTV . The six-episode first season was announced in April 2014 , as the first cable television series executive produced by talk show host Ellen DeGeneres . In June 2015 , HGTV renewed the series for a second season , that premiered on January 18 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "725c46586672c78dac93e97326fd83a4", "text": "AUDELCO AUDELCO , the Audience Development Committee , Inc. , was established in 1973 by the late Vivian Robinson to honor excellence in New York City African American Theatre through presentation of Vivan Robinson/AUDELCO Recognition Awards ( a.k.a. Viv awards ) . The awards were created to promote `` recognition , understanding and awareness of the arts in the African-American community '' . The AUDELCO Viv awards recognize the following , whether Broadway or off-Broadway : Productions by Black companies Shows written or directed by Blacks Black actors in shows AUDELCO has an office in Central Harlem , New York City The President is Grace Jones and the board of directors consistsof : A.Curtis Farrow ; Ralph Carter , Toni Peterson , Jacqueline Feffries ; Linda Armstrong ; Honorable Donna M. Mills ; Fred R.Powell ; Mary Seymour ; Dale Richardo Shields ; Terrence Spivey ; Ronald Stone Esq and Mary B. Davis Chair Emeritus . The organization has thousands of members , a newsletter , and a black theater collection of books , photos , slides and scripts as well as an extensive clipping file on black theater companies and productions . The AUDELCO awards are limited to productions mounted by professional , not-for-profit theater organizations which have been in existence for at least two years and have had a minimum of 500 hours of rehearsal , performance , or training . Additionally , productions have to have been performed over 12 times between September 1 of one year and August 31 of the next . Workshop productions and works-in-progress are not eligible . The AUDELCO Viv awards allow celebrities and everyday people to get to share their love of theater and their appreciation for the incredible performances , scripts , direction , costumes and sets that have been presented during the last theater season . Michael O'Hare was the first white actor to win this award presented by the black theater community of New York for his performance in the play `` Shades of Brown '' which examined the effects of apartheid in South Africa . ( Former AUDELOC awardees included , Kerry Washington ( AUDELCO 's first Rising star ) ; Samuel L. Jackson ; Phylicia Rashad ; Debbie Allen ; Denzel Washington , Barbara Montgomery , Sanaa Lathan and others ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46127ea27058f72de6724c2371ece15e", "text": "List of television series with bisexual characters Bisexuality is a sexual orientation that refers to the romantic and sexual attraction towards both men and women . Throughout history numerous bisexual characters have appeared in television series , including cartoons , anime and web series . Having been created as a radio program in 1937 and transitioning to television in 1952 , Guiding Light is the oldest television series in the world to feature bisexual characters ; Olivia Spencer and Natalia Rivera Aitoro . It should be noted however that Olivia was introduced in 1999 and Natalia in 2007 , with the two women realizing they are bisexual and beginning a relationship in 2008 . In 1990 , L.A. Law became the first primetime television series to introduce a recurring bisexual character ; C.J. Lamb . In 2015 , during The 100 's second season , the protagonist Clarke Griffin kissed Lexa , making the series the first in America belonging to one of the `` Big Five '' networks with a bisexual lead . This list places the series in chronological order by year ; in instances where more than one series premiered on the same year , their premiere date is taken into consideration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b11728272b05f23192f9d6ec9f5f76f", "text": "Eugene Cernan Captain Eugene Andrew `` Gene '' Cernan ( -LSB- ˈsɚ.nən -RSB- March 14 , 1934 -- January 16 , 2017 ) was an American astronaut , naval aviator , electrical engineer , aeronautical engineer , and fighter pilot . On Apollo 17 , Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the Moon and , as the last man to re-enter the Lunar Module , he is as of 2017 the last man to have walked on its surface . He traveled into space three times : as Pilot of Gemini 9A in June 1966 , as Lunar Module Pilot of Apollo 10 in May 1969 , and as Commander of Apollo 17 in December 1972 , the final Apollo lunar landing . Cernan was also a backup crew member for the Gemini 12 , Apollo 7 and Apollo 14 space missions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "231a190a6371b74ce3e790b65973e290", "text": "Delta Scuti variable A Delta Scuti variable ( sometimes termed dwarf cepheid ) is a variable star which exhibits variations in its luminosity due to both radial and non-radial pulsations of the star 's surface . The variables are important standard candles and have been used to establish the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud , globular clusters , open clusters , and the Galactic center . The variables follow a period-luminosity relation in certain passbands like other standard candles such as Cepheids . SX Phoenicis variables are generally considered to be a subclass of Delta Scuti variables that contain old stars , and can be found in globular clusters . SX Phe variables also follow a period-luminosity relation . The recently discovered Rapidly oscillating Ap stars are also a subclass of Delta Scuti variables , found on the main sequence . One last sub-class are the pre-main sequence ( PMS ) Delta Scuti variables . The OGLE and MACHO surveys have detected nearly 3000 Delta Scuti variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud . Typical brightness fluctuations are from 0.003 to 0.9 magnitudes in V over a period of a few hours , although the amplitude and period of the fluctuations can vary greatly . The stars are usually A0 to F5 type giant or main sequence stars . The high-amplitude Delta Scuti variables are also called AI Velorum stars . They are the second most abundant variable source in the Milky Way after white dwarfs . Delta Scuti stars exhibit both radial and non-radial luminosity pulsations . Non-radial pulsations are when some parts of the surface move inwards and some outward at the same time . Radial pulsations are a special case , where the star expands and contracts around its equilibrium state by altering the radius to maintain its spherical shape . The variations are due to the swelling and shrinking of the star through the Eddington Valve ( or Kappa ) Mechanism . The stars have a helium rich atmosphere . As helium is heated it becomes more ionised , which is more opaque . So at the dimmest part in the cycle the star has highly ionised opaque helium in its atmosphere blocking part of the light from escaping . The energy from this `` blocked light '' causes the helium to heat up , expand , ionise , become more transparent and therefore allow more light through . As more light is let through the star appears brighter and , with the expansion , the helium begins to cool down . Hence the helium contracts and heats up again and the cyclical process continues . Throughout their lifetime Delta Scuti stars exhibit pulsation when they are situated on the classical Cepheid instability strip . They then move across from the main sequence into the giant branch . The prototype of these sorts of variable stars is Delta Scuti , which exhibits brightness fluctuations from +4.60 to +4.79 in apparent magnitude with a period of 4.65 hours . Other well known Delta Scuti variables include Altair , Denebola ( β Leonis ) and β Cassiopeiae . Vega ( α Lyrae ) is a suspected Delta Scuti variable , but this remains unconfirmed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01489e8a57e3cdfa09ad13e81e26060f", "text": "Richard Degener Richard Kempster Degener ( March 14 , 1912 -- August 24 , 1995 ) was an American diver who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1932 he won the bronze medal in the 3 metre springboard event . Described as the `` Fred Astaire of diving '' , Degener competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics with University of Michigan classmates , Eddie Tolan and James Cristy . Four years later he won the gold medal in the 3 metre springboard competition . In April , 1936 , Degener , along with many other sports champions and stand outs , was honored at a banquet in Detroit , MI . This Banquet was the first celebration of Champions Day . In July , 1936 , A plaque was presented to Detroit from the White House honoring Detroit as the City of Champions . The plaque has five `` medallions '' featuring athletes . Originally the plans called for these five athletes to be a baseball player , football player , hockey player , power boat racer , and a boxer . But Joe Louis was surprisingly knocked out in a boxing match just weeks before the plaque was to be presented . Planners changed the boxer to a diver , to represent Degener , at the last minute . Degener introduced the full layout in which his body seemed to soar , lazy-like and graceful in the air . This astonished the diving world and caused a buzz of admiration around the pool . `` If there is one thing I 've gotten out of sports , it 's that I learned to be intense and to do the job . '' Degener never lost a diving contest in college during the three years he represented Michigan from 1931 to 1934 as he took the Big Ten and National Collegiate championship . In AAU competition Dick was unbeaten for years as he won 14 national indoor and outdoor diving titles . He won four outdoor AAU Nationals in the high board representing the Detroit Athletic Club , and three NCAA titles for the University of Michigan . At the Indoor AAUs he won five straight three-meter springboard titles and two one-meter titles . Degener later turned pro with the Billy Rose Aquacade when it opened in Cleveland . In 1971 , Degener was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c2dd0b1c1dee53f80178a3f9f77717", "text": "Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church Seventh-day Adventists believe that Ellen G. White , one of the church 's co-founders , was a prophet , understood today as an expression of the New Testament spiritual gift of prophecy . Seventh-day Adventist believe that White had the spiritual gift of prophecy , but that her writings are inferior to the Bible , which has ultimate authority . According to the 28 Fundamentals the core set of theological beliefs held by the Seventh-day Adventist Church , states that Adventists accept the Bible as their only creed and can be read online on the website of the Seventh-day Adventist Church . The 18 of the 28 Fundamentals states the Adventists viewpoint on the Gift of Prophecy : `` One of the gifts of the Holy Spirit is prophecy . This gift is an identifying mark of the remnant church and was manifested in the ministry of Ellen . G. White . As the Lord 's messenger , her writings are a continuing and authoritative source of truth which provide for the church comfort , guidance , instruction , and correction . They also make clear that the Bible is the standard by which all teaching and experience must be tested . ( Joel 2:28 , 29 ; Acts 2:14 -21 ; Heb . 1:1 -3 ; Rev. 12:17 ; 19:10 . ) . '' According to one church document , `` her expositions on any given Bible passage offer an inspired guide to the meaning of texts without exhausting their meaning or preempting the task of exegesis '' . In other words , White 's writings are considered an inspired commentary on Scripture , although Scripture remains ultimately authoritative . Adventist believe she had the spiritual gift of prophecy as outlined in Revelation 19:10 . Her restorationist writings endeavor to showcase the hand of God in Christian history . This cosmic conflict , referred to as the `` Great Controversy theme '' , is foundational to the development of Seventh-day Adventist theology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3823bed81c3ed7a0e3a66427bd7fbbe9", "text": "Constellation Awards The Constellation Awards are a set of Canadian awards given annually for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year . It was founded is 2007 . Constellation Awards are the only Canadian sci-fi award where the Canadian public select the nominees and winners in all categories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9a2fe9bb3cdade5ad080f4cfd931e48", "text": "Divine Gemini Divine Gemini is an album of duets by vibraphonist Walt Dickerson and bassist Richard Davis recorded in 1977 for the SteepleChase label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "271c709197a46500c92b5ef46ff240ec", "text": "Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television The following is a list of Saturn Award winners for Best Actor on Television ( formerly Best Genre TV Actor ) . The award is presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films , honoring the work of actresses in science fiction , fantasy , and horror fiction on television . ( NOTE : Year refers to year of eligibility , the actual ceremonies are held the following year . ) The winners are listed in bold .", "title": "" } ]	fever
05d084dae4466e0003d5e295f224663a	Will Ferrell was in a 2005 film.	[ { "docid": "a7a20829c635571e4748e3ae41753693", "text": "Will Ferrell John William Ferrell ( -LSB- ˈfɛrəl -RSB- born July 16 , 1967 ) is an American actor , comedian , producer , and writer . He first established himself in the mid-1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live , and has subsequently starred in comedy films such as Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) , Talladega Nights ( 2006 ) , Step Brothers ( 2008 ) , The Other Guys ( 2010 ) and Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues ( 2013 ) , all but one of which he co-wrote with his comedy partner Adam McKay . The two also founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007 . Other films roles include Elf , Old School ( both 2003 ) , Blades of Glory ( 2007 ) , and the animated films Megamind ( 2010 ) and The Lego Movie ( 2014 ) . Ferrell is considered a member of the `` Frat Pack '' , a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s , including Jack Black , Ben Stiller , Steve Carell , Vince Vaughn , and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson . He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live , and two Golden Globe Award nominations for The Producers ( 2005 ) and Stranger than Fiction ( 2006 ) . He was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards . Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 26 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ee48093e0077775ab07f2bf32719d147", "text": "Zim and Co. Zim and Co. is a 2005 French comedy film directed by Pierre Jolivet . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53080f63ca09a2abc024b8fad39363d2", "text": "Melissa P. (film) Melissa P. is a 2005 erotic drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino . It is based on Melissa Panarello 's semi-autobiographical diary novel , 100 colpi di spazzola prima di andare a dormire ( One Hundred Strokes of the Brush Before Bed ) which focuses on the narrator 's teenage sex life . María Valverde stars as the protagonist , alongside Geraldine Chaplin in the Italian-Spanish production . The film was released on 18 November 2005 in Italy , where it topped the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "224f3ad19ee845e1b343bd92099b4aa3", "text": "The Unforgiven (2005 film) The Unforgiven is a 2005 South Korean drama film directed by Yoon Jong-bin . Turning painful experiences of his own compulsory military service into a narrative of three young men , director Yoon presses the hot-button issue of military service in contemporary South Korea . Yoon 's controversial exposé of psychological and physical violence within the ranks stimulated a national dialogue on the subject . As this is a South Korean film , family names are placed first .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6609fb5f967f2fdbbf9835daf7d0866e", "text": "Green River Killer (film) Green River Killer is a 2005 American crime film by Ulli Lommel starring George Kiseleff , Jaquelyn Aurora ( as Jacquelyn Horrell ) , Georgina Donovan , Shannon Leade , Naidra Dawn Thomson , and Shawn G. Smith . It is based upon the crimes of serial killer Gary Ridgway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14222e30ccffb7baf0984580671701cd", "text": "Garfield: The Movie Garfield : The Movie is a 2004 American family comedy film directed by Peter Hewitt inspired by Jim Davis ' comic strip of the same name . It stars Breckin Meyer as Jon Arbuckle , Jennifer Love Hewitt as Dr. Liz Wilson , and features Bill Murray as the voice of Garfield . Garfield was created with computer animation , though all other animals were real . The film was produced by Davis Entertainment Company and distributed by 20th Century Fox . The film shares several similarities to the 1982 animated special Here Comes Garfield . Garfield : The Movie grossed $ 200 million on a $ 50 million budget . The film was released in the United States on June 11 , 2004 . A sequel , Garfield : A Tail of Two Kitties , was released in June 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d2f917709ce0cdb5715a8b97db626c5", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2005 film) Beauty and the Beast ( also known as Blood of Beasts ) is a 2005 film which is based on the folktale `` Beauty and the Beast '' and is set during the time of the Vikings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eb74f1fb5593b1b555c66ad725c0df0", "text": "Larva (film) Larva is a 2005 science fiction-horror film , directed by Tim Cox , and written by Kenneth M. Badish , Boaz Davidson , David Goodin , Kevin Moore , J. Paul V. Robert and T.M. Van Ostrand . It stars Vincent Ventresca , Rachel Hunter and William Forsythe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e99b7d1a9d8c3829971fc174148e041a", "text": "Duma (2005 film) Duma is a 2005 American family drama adventure film about a young South African boy 's friendship with an orphaned cheetah from a story by Carol Flint and Karen Janszen , set in the country of South Africa and based on How It Was with Dooms by Carol Cawthra Hopcraft and Xan Hopcraft . It was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures , Gaylord Films and C.O.R.E. , directed by Carroll Ballard ( director of The Black Stallion and Fly Away Home ) , produced by Gaylord Films , Warner Bros. , John Wells Productions , Pandora Pictures , Stacy Cohen , E.K. Gaylord II , Kristin Harms , Hunt Lowry and John Wells , written by Karen Janszen and Mark St. Germain , edited by T.M. Christopher , cinematographed by Werner Maritz with music by George Acogny and John Debney and starring Alexander Michaletos , Eamonn Walker , Campbell Scott and Hope Davis . The film was theatrically released on April 22 , 2005 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , Gaylord Films and C.O.R.E. . The film went on receiving very positive reviews from critics and it earned $ 994,790 on a $ 12 million budget . The film won the Family Feature Film at the Genesis Awards in 2006 . The film was rated PG for mild adventure peril . Duma was released on DVD on May 16 , 2006 by Warner Bros. . Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8c47f35f9621581eb5ad2da9bf56d84", "text": "Nature Unleashed: Earthquake Nature Unleashed : Earthquake is a 2005 disaster film directed by Tibor Takács and written by Andy Hurst . It stars Fintan McKeown , Jacinta Mulcahy , and Michael Zelniker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9500fcc08ece53f4c139ac1433fdaf9a", "text": "A Deadly Adoption A Deadly Adoption is a 2015 American made for television dramatic-thriller film directed by Rachel Lee Goldenberg and written by Andrew Steele . The film aired on the Lifetime Network on June 20 , 2015 . It stars Will Ferrell , Kristen Wiig and Jessica Lowndes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f24ebaa0899c8454ae57bf9b1ed9ff1", "text": "Chicken Little (video game) Chicken Little is an action-adventure video game developed by Avalanche Software and published by Buena Vista Games . Based on the 2005 film of the same name , it was released in October 2005 . A sequel , Disney 's Chicken Little : Ace in Action , was released in 2006 . Original music for the game was composed by Billy Martin . The game is an action-adventure with gameplay similar to that of Tak and the Power of Juju .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76dbd964739fb5a5888a78ed062cb392", "text": "One Stone and Two Birds One Stone and Two Birds ( Pinyin : Yi Shi Er Niao ) is a 2005 Taiwanese film directed by Kevin Chu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b0a1656f152959266ad9a2fa9ca37c3", "text": "The Dark Hours The Dark Hours is a 2005 Canadian horror film directed by Paul Fox and written by Wil Zmak .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9eafb9d6d54eab1f906ded9d30de863", "text": "Virgil (film) Virgil is a 2005 comedy drama film written and directed by French-Tunisian director Mabrouk El Mechri , his first feature film . It had its first public screening in movie theaters starting September 2005 . The film is about the life of a French boxer in the French suburbs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cfe4e0cb08c10a80959956f5369e52f", "text": "Lust Connection Lust Connection is a 2005 American thriller film directed by Jim Wynorski .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ee84c8b50248e183659048a017318d5", "text": "Edmond (film) Edmond is a 2005 American drama film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring William H. Macy , based on the 1982 play Edmond by David Mamet . Mamet also wrote the screenplay for the film . Edmond features Julia Stiles , Rebecca Pidgeon , Denise Richards , Mena Suvari , Joe Mantegna , Bai Ling , Jeffrey Combs , Dylan Walsh and George Wendt in supporting roles . It was screened at several film festivals from September 2005 to May 2006 , and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dfae28aeff71bab7e1e11d0c69a72fa", "text": "Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is a 2005 British stop-motion animated comedy action film produced by Aardman Animations in partnership with DreamWorks Animation . United International Pictures distributed the film in the United Kingdom , and it was the last DreamWorks animated film to be distributed by DreamWorks Pictures in the United States . It was directed by Nick Park and Steve Box as the second feature-length film by Aardman after Chicken Run ( 2000 ) . The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is based on the Wallace and Gromit short film series , created by Park . The film follows eccentric inventor Wallace ( voiced by Peter Sallis ) and his mute and intelligent dog , Gromit , as they come to the rescue of the residents of a village which is being plagued by a mutant rabbit before an annual vegetable competition . The film introduces a number of new characters , and features a voice cast including Helena Bonham Carter and Ralph Fiennes . It was a critical and commercial success , and won a number of film awards including the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , making it the second film from DreamWorks Animation to win ( after Shrek ) , as well as both the second non American animated film and second non computer animated film to have received this achievement ( after Spirited Away ) . It is also the only stop motion film to win the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34865a8e372e532205c055d5148b30be", "text": "Hate Crime (2005 film) Hate Crime is a 2005 drama film written and directed by Tommy Stovall and starring Seth Peterson , Bruce Davison , Chad Donella , Cindy Pickett , and Brian J. Smith . Making this film was Stovall 's first experience on stage and working with actors ; he had only self-produced videos previously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41827a48c706cbeee404cad925699faa", "text": "Casanova (2005 film) Casanova is a 2005 American romantic film directed by Lasse Hallström starring Heath Ledger and loosely based on the life of Giacomo Casanova .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d1af54a3663a9c1bb4c078d37b1d66d", "text": "The Secret Life of Words The Secret Life of Words is a 2005 Spanish drama film written and directed by Isabel Coixet and starring Sarah Polley , Tim Robbins , Javier Cámara and Julie Christie . It was released on December 15 , 2006 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
01586482ba4e0ac7b97c102c666b4c78	Kurt Angle has a middle name.	[ { "docid": "3e5abf1a59295e3234101e6404b9cbd4", "text": "Kurt Angle Kurt Steven Angle ( born December 9 , 1968 ) is an American professional wrestler , actor , and retired amateur wrestler . He is currently signed to WWE , performing as the on-screen general manager for the Raw brand . While a student at Clarion University of Pennsylvania , Angle won numerous accolades , including being a two-time National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Heavyweight Wrestling Champion . After graduating college , Angle won a gold medal in freestyle wrestling at the 1995 World Wrestling Championships . He then won a freestyle wrestling gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics . Angle is one of four people to complete an amateur wrestling Grand Slam ( junior nationals , NCAA , World Championships , Olympics ) . In 2006 , he was named by USA Wrestling as the greatest shoot wrestler ever and one of the top 15 college wrestlers of all time . He was inducted into the International Sports Hall of Fame in 2016 for his amateur accomplishments . Angle made his first appearance at a professional wrestling event in 1996 , with his in-ring debut in 1999 . He signed a long-term contract with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) that same year , and participated in his first televised storyline in March 1999 . After months of unaired matches , Angle made his official debut in November and received his first major push in the company in February 2000 , when he held the European Championship and the Intercontinental Championship simultaneously . Four months later , he won the King of the Ring tournament , and not long after he began pursuing the WWF Championship , which he won in October ; this capped off a rookie year which is considered by many to be the greatest in professional wrestling history . Throughout his tenure in the WWF/WWE , Angle was a six-time world champion ( four reigns as WWF/WWE Champion , one as WCW Champion , and one as WWE 's World Heavyweight Champion ) , a one-time United States Champion , one-time Intercontinental Champion , one-time European Champion , one-time Hardcore Champion , and one-time WWE Tag Team Champion . He is the tenth Triple Crown Champion and the fifth Grand Slam Champion ( achieving this accolade twice under both the original and current format ) in WWE history . On March 31 2017 , Angle was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame , becoming the third active wrestler to be inducted , after Ric Flair and Sting . After leaving WWE in 2006 , Angle joined Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA , now Impact Wrestling ) where he became a record six-time TNA World Heavyweight Champion ( and the inaugural titleholder ) , a two-time TNA World Tag Team Champion , and a one-time TNA X Division Champion . He is the second Triple Crown winner in TNA history and the only one to hold all the required titles at once . Angle is also a two-time King of the Mountain . As part of TNA , he made appearances for New Japan Pro-Wrestling ( NJPW ) and the Inoki Genome Federation ( IGF ) , holding the IWGP Heavyweight Championship once . In 2013 , Angle was inducted into the TNA Hall of Fame ( he is the second wrestler -- after Sting -- to be inducted into both the WWE and TNA halls of fame ) . Between WWF/WWE , Japan , and TNA , Angle has won 13 world championships and 21 total championships . He is the only professional wrestler in history to have won the WWE Championship , WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship , the WCW Championship , the TNA World Heavyweight Championship , and the IWGP Heavyweight Championship . Angle is also the only person to have been King of the Mountain and King of the Ring . He has headlined numerous pay-per-view events for both WWF/WWE and TNA throughout his career , including the flagship event for both promotions : WrestleMania in WWE , and Bound for Glory in TNA . In 2004 , the Wrestling Observer Newsletter inducted Angle into its Hall of Fame , and later named him `` Wrestler of the Decade '' for the 2000s . He is considered to be one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time ; ESPN journalist and former WWE personality Jonathan Coachman described Angle as `` the greatest I 've ever seen in the ring '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "aa82a3b4470fbe67c664617f80d3657e", "text": "Clayton Hill Clayton Hill ( May 7 , 1931 -- July 26 , 2009 ) was an American actor who appeared in many films , but was best known for his role as the `` sweater zombie '' in the 1978 horror film Dawn of the Dead by director George A. Romero . He was an assistant director on Romero 's 1981 Knightriders and had casting responsibilities for several films . Shortly before his death he played a major role as `` Father Clayton '' in wrestling star Kurt Angle 's film End Game , and was to play a lead with Angle in the 2010 film River of Darkness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93a315b9acd96bba8f80922403e05d97", "text": "Phoenix Championship Wrestling Phoenix Championship Wrestling was a short-lived American independent professional wrestling promotion based in Toms River , New Jersey . It was founded by twin brothers Don and Mike Bucci in 2001 and promoted by Don Bucci until its close two years later . The promotion enjoyed a high degree of success during its existence and was home to many independent wrestlers in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region later signed to both Total Non-Stop Action and World Wrestling Entertainment . Stars from both promotions made appearances for PCW such as TNA 's Alexis Laree , Frankie Kazarian , Amazing Red and The S.A.T. ( Jose and Joel Maximo ) . The Wall and the Harris Brothers were also signed to TNA while competing for the promotion . From the World Wrestling Federation included former and then current superstars such as Jimmy Snuka , Gillberg , Gangrel , Eddie Guerrero and Three Minute Warning ( Rosey and Jamal ) . A number of WWE developmental wrestlers from Ohio Valley Wrestling spent time in the promotion including Kara Drew , Charlie Haas , Mike Kruel , Tank Toland and The Basham Brothers ( Doug and Danny Basham ) . Mike Bucci , a mainstay of Extreme Championship Wrestling , was also able to bring in many of its stars prior to and following the promotion 's close in 2001 . Among these included Prodigy , Chris Chetti , Little Guido , Jerry Lynn , Crowbar , Steve Corino , Julio Dinero , Chris Hamrick , Tommy Dreamer , Raven , Joey Matthews & Christian York and the `` heel '' stable Triple Threat ( `` Franchise '' Shane Douglas , Chris Candido and Bam Bam Bigelow ) . Both Bucci and Prodigy would win titles in the promotion , Prodigy being the first PCW Television Champion . Despite the fierce competitive environment among independent Mid-Atlantic promotions , the smaller PCW had working relationships with several of its rivals allowing appearances by Nicky Benz and Ric Blade from Combat Zone Wrestling , and Michael Shane , `` Fallen Angel '' Christopher Daniels and Samoa Joe from Ring of Honor . PCW also featured many established independent wrestlers , not only in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region , but from throughout the United States and Canada . The mix of wrestlers would occasionally result in unofficial interpromotional matches that would not normally be seen in mainstream companies . The promotion also had a weekly Public-access television cable TV series , Fire Bird TV , and many of its supercards and televised events were later released on VHS/DVD by Smart Mark Video and RF Video .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91a3123c1e64662c36124479d336a75b", "text": "Héctor Guerrero Héctor Manuel Guerrero Llanes ( born October 1 , 1954 ) is a Mexican-born American professional wrestler , best known by his paternal name Héctor Guerrero . He is a part of professional wrestling 's Guerrero family along with his father Gory , brothers Chavo , Mando , and Eddie , nephew Chavo Jr. , and niece Raquel Diaz . During his career , Guerrero has worked for most of the major North American wrestling promotions , most recently serving as Total Nonstop Action Wrestling 's Spanish color commentator from 2007 to 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "584baf6b722d09209c72ba283b21878c", "text": "Middle Australia The term `` Middle Australian '' is a socio-political term which generally refers to middle class or lower-middle class Australian people who hold traditional or right-wing views . As such , it does not refer to the geographical middle of the country , by rather to the socio-economic middle ( as is also the primary meaning of the monikers `` Middle America '' or `` Middle England '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e4a50d3049804d71c9435307d1ee619", "text": "Backlash (2003) Backlash ( 2003 ) was the fifth annual Backlash professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by Castrol GTX , and took place on April 27 , 2003 , at the Worcester Centrum in Worcester , Massachusetts and starred talent from the promotion 's Raw and SmackDown ! brands . The main event and featured match of the Raw brand was the encounter of Goldberg and The Rock , where Goldberg , in his first WWE Pay-Per-View , defeated Rock by pinfall , following a spear and a Jackhammer . The featured match on the undercard was a WWE Championship match from the SmackDown ! brand , between John Cena and the reigning champion , Brock Lesnar , where Lesnar defeated Cena by pinfall after an F-5 . The other predominant match on the undercard was a six-man tag team match from the Raw brand , between the team of Triple H , Ric Flair , and Chris Jericho facing Shawn Michaels , Kevin Nash , and Booker T. Triple H , Flair , and Jericho won the match by pinfall , after Triple H hit Nash with a sledgehammer . The predominant undercard match from the SmackDown ! brand was the encounter of The Big Show and Rey Mysterio , where Big Show pinned Mysterio after a chokeslam . The event grossed $ 450,000 with 10,000 ticket sales and had a 0.67 buyrate . Following the event , Goldberg began a feud with Chris Jericho . At Bad Blood , Goldberg defeated Jericho via pinfall after a Jackhammer . Brock Lesnar began a storyline with The Big Show over the WWE Championship . At Judgment Day , Lesnar defeated The Big Show in a Stretcher match to retain the WWE Championship . Triple H engaged in a storyline with Kevin Nash over the World Heavyweight Championship . At Judgment Day , Nash defeated Triple H via disqualification ; due to WWE regulations , Triple H retained the championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "084dcf66b8df94b775b39a7c72e9e6e5", "text": "Kurt Yaeger Kurt Yaeger ( born January 3 , 1977 ) is an American actor , director and professional athlete , who is also a below-the-knee amputee . Recent work includes roles on the CBS hit franchise NCIS and the much anticipated HBO/Cinemax series Quarry . Kurt is notable for appearing in season five of the FX series Sons of Anarchy as Greg `` the Peg '' and in the Rudimental music video for the UK hit single `` Waiting All Night '' featuring vocals from Ella Eyre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "762c11d36f7c951081934223879a7f1a", "text": "Turning Point (2007 wrestling) Turning Point ( 2007 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced and by the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) promotion , which took place on December 2 , 2007 at the TNA Impact ! Zone in Orlando , Florida . It was the fourth event under the Turning Point chronology , and the twelfth and last event on the 2007 TNA PPV schedule . Eight professional wrestling matches were featured on the event 's card with only one featuring a championship . The main event was a Six Man Tag Team match , in which the team of Samoa Joe , Kevin Nash , and Eric Young defeated The Angle Alliance ( Kurt Angle , A.J. Styles , and Tomko ) . In another tag team match , Christian Cage and Robert Roode were defeated by Booker T and Kaz . In a high profile match , Johnny Devine and Team 3D ( Brother Devon and Brother Ray ) wrestled Jay Lethal and The Motor City Machine Guns ( Alex Shelley and Chris Sabin ) in a Six Man Tag Team Tables Match . Devine and Team 3D won the contest . The contest between Abyss and Raven versus Black Reign and Rellik in a Match of 10,000 Tacks was also featured on the card . Abyss and Raven won the encounter . The event is remembered for Scott Hall 's failure to show up for the event and for Samoa Joe 's unscripted rant against the promotion . It also marks the first time the Feast or Fired match was held . The professional wrestling section of the Canadian Online Explorer website rated the entire event a six and a half out of ten , higher than the 2006 event 's rating of six .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058f59323e727ac6d3b246d6020091f3", "text": "Angle of incidence (aerodynamics) On fixed-wing aircraft , the angle of incidence ( sometimes referred to as the mounting angle ) is the angle between the chord line of the wing where the wing is mounted to the fuselage , and a reference axis along the fuselage ( often the direction of minimum drag , or where applicable , the longitudinal axis ) . The angle of incidence is fixed in the design of the aircraft , and with rare exceptions , can not be varied in flight . The term can also be applied to horizontal surfaces in general ( such as canards or horizontal stabilizers ) for the angle they make relative the longitudinal axis of the fuselage . The figure to the right shows a side view of an airplane . The extended chord line of the wing root ( red line ) makes an angle with the longitudinal axis ( roll axis ) of the aircraft ( blue line ) . Wings are typically mounted at a small positive angle of incidence , to allow the fuselage to have a low angle with the airflow in cruising flight . Angles of incidence of about 6 ° are common on most general aviation designs . Other terms for angle of incidence in this context are rigging angle and rigger 's angle of incidence . It should not be confused with the angle of attack , which is the angle the wing chord presents to the airflow in flight . Note that some ambiguity in this terminology exists , as some engineering texts that focus solely on the study of airfoils and their medium may use either term when referring to angle of attack . The use of the term `` angle of incidence '' to refer to the angle of attack occurs chiefly in British usage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c072d17bc39604cfd3fec626a12fb201", "text": "Kurtis Blow Kurtis Walker ( born August 9 , 1959 ) , professionally known by his stage name Kurtis Blow , is an American rapper and record producer . He is the first commercially successful rapper and the first to sign with a major record label . `` The Breaks '' , a single from his 1980 self-titled debut album , is the first certified gold record rap song . Throughout his career he has released 15 albums and is currently an ordained minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4f0d9502c89fb04f4ce1cb2af305ac6", "text": "Middle name In several cultures , people 's names usually include one or more names in addition to the portion that is usually considered adequate to identify them . In a number of cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname , such a name is likely to be placed after the given name and before the surname , and thus called a middle name . In English-speaking American culture , that term is often applied ( arguably mistakenly ) to names , occupying that position , even if the bearer would insist that that name is being mistakenly called a `` middle name '' , and is actually ( to mention several types of atypical cases ) : part of a two-word given name ( e.g. Mary Anne , about Mary Anne Clarke , and `` Joe Bob Briggs '' ) , a maiden name ( e.g. Rodham ) , a patronymic ( e.g. Sergeyevich ) , or a baptismal name ( e.g. `` Christopher '' invoking St. Christopher ) . In the USA such names are specifically referred to as middle names ; in most other countries , as far as they are given names and not , for example , patronymics , they would simply be regarded as second , third etc. given names . The US `` middle name '' is often abbreviated to the middle initial ( e.g. Mary Lee Bianchi becomes Mary L. Bianchi , which is usually standard for signatures ) or omitted entirely in everyday use ( e.g. just Mary Bianchi ) . An individual may have more than one middle name , or none . In the United Kingdom , for comparison , she would usually be referred to as either Mary Bianchi , M. L. Bianchi or Mary Lee Bianchi , or she may choose Lee Bianchi , and informally there may be familiar shortenings . It is debatable how long multiple given names have existed in English-speaking countries , but it is certain that among royalty and aristocracy the practice existed by the late 17th century ( and possibly earlier ) , as exemplified in the name of the Stuart pretender James Francis Edward Stuart ( 1688 -- 1766 ) . Despite their relatively long existence in North America , the phrase `` middle name '' was not recorded until 1835 , in the periodical Harvardiana . The use of multiple middle names has been somewhat impeded recently by the increased use of computer databases that occasionally allow for only a single middle name or more commonly a middle initial in storing personal records , effectively preventing people with multiple middle names from being listed in such databases under their full name . This is worsened by longer compound names , like María del Pilar Pereyra or María de las Nieves García . The abbreviation `` N.M.N. '' ( no middle name ) or `` N.M.I. '' ( no middle initial ) , with or without periods , is sometimes used in formal documents in the United States , where a middle initial or name is expected but the person does not have one . The middle name can also be a maiden name . Since 1905 , `` middle name '' has also developed a figurative usage meaning a notable or outstanding attribute of a person , as in the phrase `` discretion is my middle name . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28095586c4569b543253da37d4c7d52", "text": "El Gran Luchadore El Gran Luchadore is the name of a masked Mexican professional wrestling character in World Wrestling Entertainment , seen on its SmackDown ! brand in 2004 . El Gran Luchadore ( loosely translated from Spanish to `` The Great Fighter/Wrestler , '' `` Luchadore '' is also an incorrect spelling , luchador is the correct spelling ) was mainly used as a jobber gimmick to put over other wrestlers . The first WWE wrestler to wrestle as the El Gran Luchadore was Paul London on April 22 , 2004 in a squash match against John Bradshaw Layfield ( JBL ) , Paul Heyman convinced Bradshaw to accept a match with the `` Mexican Heavyweight Champion '' after hearing that El Gran Luchadore punked out Bradshaw at an airport . Next up was Shannon Moore on July 8 , 2004 , billed as the `` champion of Mexico '' , would face WWE Champion JBL in a champion vs. champion match ( no titles on the line ) . A second squash match for JBL took an unexpected turn when El Gran Luchadore pulled a switcharoo with Eddie Guerrero ( in El Gran 's costume ) who came back fighting . When JBL finally clued that it was Guerrero , he ran away from the ring getting counted out in the process , allowing El Gran Luchadore to pick up his first victory . The next appearance of El Gran Luchadore was on July 15 , 2004 edition of SmackDown ! . During a Steel Cage match between Guerrero and JBL which saw both men sat on top of the Cage , exchanging punches until El Gran Luchadore ran down and climbed into the cage . This El Gran Luchadore held Eddie Guerrero 's leg , allowing Bradshaw to climb down the side of the cage to win . After the match El Gran Luchadore tried to get out of the locked door , but then decided to climb out the way he came in . Eddie Guerrero got to his feet and climbed up the cage struggling to get him back into the cage . Luchadore was able to get away , but in the struggle Guerrero pulled the mask off of him , revealing him to be the supposedly injured Kurt Angle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29bcfbe2432efd74dc88bbbde3c59578", "text": "Samoa Joe Nuufolau Joel `` Joe '' Seanoa ( born March 17 , 1979 ) , better known by his ring name Samoa Joe , is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE and performing on the Raw brand . He was previously best known for his time with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) and Ring of Honor ( ROH ) . Joe established himself in ROH from the promotion 's beginning in 2002 , holding the ROH World Championship for a record 21 months from May 2003 to December 2004 . Upon joining TNA in June 2005 , he embarked on an 19-month-long undefeated streak , and went on to hold the TNA World Heavyweight Championship once , the TNA X Division Championship five times , the TNA World Tag Team Championship twice , and the TNA Television Championship once ; completing the TNA Triple Crown and the TNA Grand Slam . He also wrestled internationally and on the independent circuit for various promotions , winning several titles , including the GHC Tag Team Championship with Magnus in Pro Wrestling Noah , and he was an inaugural NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Champion with Keiji Sakoda in Pro Wrestling Zero1 . He left TNA in February 2015 , briefly competing again in ROH and the independent circuit . Joe officially debuted in WWE 's developmental territory NXT in May 2015 , and signed a full-time contract with the company in June ; he went on to become the first ever two-time NXT Champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd922c6ee245297c234e1aae9a764e46", "text": "Dick Beyer Dick Beyer ( born July 11 , 1930 ) is an American retired professional wrestler who is best known by his ring names , The Destroyer or Doctor X.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1ef5b2b15d5c02726a1ea775a6e0dcf", "text": "Brian Kendrick Brian David Kendrick ( born May 29 , 1979 ) is an American professional wrestler and promoter , currently signed to WWE , performing on the Raw brand , in the Cruiserweight division under the ring name The Brian Kendrick . Kendrick is also known for his appearances with New Japan Pro Wrestling and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under his real name , as well as his appearances with Pro Wrestling Zero1 as Leonardo Spanky and on the independent circuit as Spanky . Championships held by Kendrick over the course of his career include the NWA/UPW/Zero-One International Junior Heavyweight Championship , NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship , TNA X Division Championship , World Tag Team Championship , WWE Tag Team Championship , WWE Cruiserweight Championship , ICW Tag Team Championship and Zero-One United States Openweight Championship . Kendrick currently owns and operates his own promotion , called Brian Kendrick 's Wrestling Pro Wrestling .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07dec554bc88f97cac5166b1b6206b25", "text": "Stacy Carter Stacy Lee Carter ( born September 29 , 1970 ) is an American professional wrestling valet and occasional professional wrestler , under her ring name Stacy Carter . She is better known for her work in the World Wrestling Federation under her ring name The Kat . During her tenure in the World Wrestling Federation , she held the Women 's Championship once , although she was not a trained wrestler . During the Armageddon pay-per-view in December 1999 , she flashed her breasts in what was an early instance of intentional nudity in the WWF . After the event , she was shown nude several more times on other pay-per-views . She is also an ex-wife of wrestler and color-commentator Jerry Lawler , who quit the WWF after Carter was released in early 2001 but returned after their divorce in July 2001 . She currently works on the independent circuit under her real name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e44264960f93b3795ed0517456ca2e44", "text": "Damien Kane Damien Kane ( born April 16 , 1960 ) is an American retired professional wrestler and manager . He is best known for his appearances with the Philadelphia , Pennsylvania-based promotion Extreme Championship Wrestling in the mid-1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "156e65536b6b6fd72a06daa5834cec7d", "text": "Kurt Bloch Kurt Bloch ( born August 28 , 1960 ) is an American songwriter , guitarist , engineer and record producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eab4a173b4c8573a6d0445ad6bb7b6f9", "text": "Dolph Ziggler Nicholas Theodore Nemeth ( born July 27 , 1980 ) , best known by the ring name Dolph Ziggler , is an American professional wrestler , actor , and occasional stand-up comedian . He is signed to WWE on the SmackDown brand . Nemeth signed a development contract with WWE in 2004 , and was sent to Ohio Valley Wrestling ( OVW ) . He was brought up to the Raw brand in 2005 as Kerwin White 's sidekick . He was , however , sent back to OVW shortly afterwards , where he joined The Spirit Squad as Nicky . They debuted on Raw in January 2006 , and won the World Tag Team Championship once before returning to OVW that November . In September 2007 , Nemeth was assigned to Florida Championship Wrestling ( FCW ) , where he won the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship twice , with Brad Allen and later Gavin Spears . Nemeth returned to the WWE main roster under his current ring name in September 2008 . Since then , Ziggler has held WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship twice , the Intercontinental Championship five times , the United States Championship once , and was the 2012 Money in the Bank winner . He has also been the sole survivor of two Survivor Series elimination matches at the 2012 and 2014 events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bef82b2a3b80fdb63f9454606fd15bb1", "text": "Monday Night Wars The Monday Night War ( s ) is the common term describing the period of mainstream televised American professional wrestling from September 4 , 1995 , to March 26 , 2001 . During this time , the World Wrestling Federation 's ( WWF , now WWE ) Monday Night Raw went head-to-head with World Championship Wrestling 's ( WCW ) Monday Nitro in a battle for Nielsen ratings each week . The ratings war was part of a larger overall struggle between the two companies , originating in personal animosity between WWF owner Vince McMahon and then-owner of WCW , Ted Turner . The rivalry between the companies steadily escalated throughout the 1990s to include the use of cutthroat tactics and the defections of employees between the two companies . Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) , while not a party to the ratings battle , was also involved as a tertiary player . Throughout the wars , the WWF and WCW would both adopt different concepts and narrative techniques innovated by ECW ; meanwhile , both companies would establish both formal and informal partnerships with the company , with ECW performers either appearing on WWF and WCW shows while still under contract , or outright leaving ECW to work for one of the other two federations . While WCW was the dominant federation for much of the mid-1990s , a variety of factors coalesced to turn the tide in the WWF 's favor at the end of the decade , including a radical rebranding of their formerly family friendly product to highly sexualized and violent shows geared towards older teens and adults . WCW ultimately ran into financial difficulties as a result of the amount of money they had promised wrestlers during a hiring binge in the early and middle part of the decade , which had been aimed at acquiring large portions of the WWF 's talent roster . Despite efforts to salvage the federation , it was ultimately sold to Vince McMahon , ending the Monday Night Wars . In retrospect , wrestling commentators have come to see the era of the Monday Night Wars as a golden age of wrestling , with the feud between the two companies bringing out their best quality product both in terms of creativity and the performances of their wrestlers . Many have come to regard the end of the wars -- and , in particular , the subsequent WWE storyline regarding the acquisition of WCW -- as marking a severe decline in the quality of modern wrestling programming . Notably , as of 2017 , no other company has ever emerged as a viable competitor to WWE since the acquisition of WCW , and WWE itself has never again enjoyed the same level of mainstream success that it did during the Wars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d56ca373faae6138d0b013455112428a", "text": "Stone Cold Steve Austin Steve Austin ( born Steven James Anderson on December 18 , 1964 , later Steven James Williams ) , better known by the ring name `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin , is an American actor , media personality , producer , and retired professional wrestler who is signed to a Legends contract with WWE . Veteran pro wrestling journalist Wade Keller remarked that Austin is `` in every conversation for the greatest wrestling act of all time '' , as well as for `` the most profitable and the most influential '' . He enjoyed a successful mid card career as `` Stunning '' Steve Austin in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and a stint as a main event performer in Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) during the early and mid 1990s , before signing with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) in 1995 as The Ringmaster . Rebranded `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin the following year , he gained significant mainstream popularity as a disrespectful , beer-drinking antihero who routinely defied the establishment and his boss , company chairman Vince McMahon . This persona of Austin 's became the `` poster boy '' of the Attitude Era , a boom period in WWF business in the latter 1990s and early 2000s . He also devised the long-standing `` What ? '' chant in pro wrestling . Several prominent industry figures , including McMahon , have declared Austin to be the biggest star in WWF/E history , while stressing that he surpassed the popularity of Hulk Hogan . Austin held 19 championships throughout his wrestling career ; he is a six-time WWF Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , and a four-time WWF Tag Team Champion , thus making him the fifth Triple Crown Champion in WWE history , while also being a two-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WCW World Television Champion , a one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion , and a one-time NWA World Tag Team Champion in WCW . He was also the winner of the 1996 King of the Ring tournament , as well as the 1997 , 1998 , and 2001 Royal Rumbles , making him the only three-time winner of the event . Furthermore , he was awarded the unsanctioned Million Dollar Championship by Ted DiBiase . Austin has headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , including three WrestleManias ( XIV , XV , and X-Seven ) . He was forced to retire from in-ring competition in 2003 due to a series of knee injuries and a serious neck injury . Throughout the rest of 2003 and 2004 , he was featured as the Co-General Manager and `` Sheriff '' of Raw . Since 2005 , he has continued to make occasional appearances , and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2009 by Vince McMahon . In 2011 , Austin returned to WWE to host the reboot of the reality series Tough Enough .", "title": "" } ]	fever
11710bb9a5a0afb460920cd2c39dbb18	Sage Stallone was an American film director.	[ { "docid": "ded8713879f6800bb13b74486c49f9e9", "text": "Sage Stallone Sage Moonblood Stallone ( May 5 , 1976 -- July 13 , 2012 ) was an American actor , film director , film producer , and film distributor . He was the son of Sylvester Stallone .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e97c26ad093f65037394e694c4f5864a", "text": "Sam Raimi Samuel M `` Sam '' Raimi ( -LSB- ˈreɪmi -RSB- born October 23 , 1959 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor , famous for creating the cult horror Evil Dead series , as well as directing the original Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002 -- 07 ) and the 1990 superhero film Darkman . His most recent work is the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful . Raimi has also produced several successful television series and founded his own production company , Renaissance Pictures , in 1979 . Recently , he worked as the producer of The Possession , and the 2013 remake of Evil Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4560eb3bc497b271b96273053107e0c", "text": "Norman Lear Center The Norman Lear Center is a multi-disciplinary research and public policy center exploring implications of the convergence of entertainment , commerce , and society . It is based at the USC Annenberg School for Communication . Through scholarship and research , and its programs of visiting fellows , conferences , public events and publications , the Lear Center works to be at the forefront of discussion and practice in the field . The Center is named for benefactor Norman Lear , the social activist and philanthropist , and television producer , and was founded and is directed by Marty Kaplan , associate dean of the USC Annenberg School , who has been a political speechwriter , Hollywood studio executive , and screenwriter-producer . The Lear Center officially launched on January 24 , 2000 . Some of the programs it houses include Entertainment Goes Global , which explores the political , cultural , economic and technological implications of the globalization of entertainment ; Celebrity , Politics & Public Life , wherein faculty and deans from over 20 USC departments convene to develop an inter-disciplinary analysis of American political life , as it is shaped by popular culture ; and Hollywood , Health & Society , which provides entertainment industry professionals with accurate and timely information for health storylines . Hollywood , Health & Society is funded by , and works closely with such governmental agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the National Institutes of Health , and the National Cancer Institute . That program hosts its annual Sentinel for Health Awards to recognize exemplary television storylines that best inform , educate and motivate viewers to make choices for healthier and safer lives . Since 2005 , the Lear Center 's Grand Avenue Intervention Project has been a driving force behind the civic outreach for the planning of a new 16 acre park in the heart of downtown Los Angeles . In partnership with the Los Angeles Times , the Lear Center solicited design proposals from the public and published a selection of them in a special section of the Times . The Lear Center 's publishing imprint has published several works of scholarship such as Artists , Technology & The Ownership of Creative Content , Warners ' War : Politics , Pop Culture & Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood , Frank Capra and the Image of the Journalist in American Film , and Ready to Share : Creativity & Fashion in Digital Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226bc533b820700418b8901153510aa8", "text": "Alan Schneider Alan Schneider ( December 12 , 1917 -- May 3 , 1984 ) was an American theatre director responsible for more than 100 theatre productions . In 1984 he was honored with a Drama Desk Special Award for serving a wide range of playwrights . He directed the 1956 American premiere of Samuel Beckett 's Waiting for Godot , Edward Albee 's Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? and Tiny Alice ; the American première of Joe Orton 's Entertaining Mr Sloane , Harold Pinter 's The Birthday Party , as well as Pinter 's The Dumb Waiter , The Collection , and a trilogy of Pinter 's plays under the title Other Places ( including One for the Road , Family Voices , and A Kind of Alaska ) ; Bertolt Brecht 's The Caucasian Chalk Circle ; You Know I Ca n't Hear You When the Water 's Running ; and Michael Weller 's Moonchildren and Loose Ends . Schneider also directed Samuel Beckett 's only direct foray into the world of film , entitled Film . The short subject starred Buster Keaton and its direction is often mis-attributed to Samuel Beckett himself , notably during an exhibit at the Louvre in November 2006 . `` Film '' is a silent exploration of Bishop Berkeley 's principle ` esse est percipi ' ( to be is to be perceived ) . One of a select group of non-actors awarded membership in The Actors Studio , Schneider taught at Catholic University , City College of the City University of New York , The Juilliard School ( where he was director of the theatre program ) , the University of California , Riverside , and the University of California , San Diego , whose library maintains an archive of his papers . He was associated with Arena Stage for 30 years . He was also the co-artistic director of The Acting Company . At the time of his death , he served as president of the board of directors for Theatre Communications Group ( TCG ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a8acdf0629157c61c273a5c7fe45c2", "text": "Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward . The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' . The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret . In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75eb1ff6ce1f40eb3be1e1f73caad078", "text": "Gene Allen (art director) Eugene `` Gene '' Allen ( June 17 , 1918 -- October 7 , 2015 ) was an American art director . He followed his father and became a Los Angeles Police officer after he was laid off from his first job as a sketch artist . After serving in the United States Navy during World War II , Allen went to art school to pursue his career . He won an Academy Award in 1965 for Best Art Direction for My Fair Lady , and was nominated for A Star Is Born in 1955 and for Les Girls in 1958 . He served as President of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences from 1983 to 1985 and received a Special Achievement Award from the Art Directors Guild in 1997 . Allen died on October 7 , 2015 at the age of 97 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a1feb0ae158aa48c4f791a10e3d36b2", "text": "Sylvester (film) Sylvester is a 1985 American family drama film directed by Tim Hunter and starring Richard Farnsworth and Melissa Gilbert . The movie was nominated for a Young Artist Award in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f48051558ea294bec010466d3d3f9cc", "text": "Sam Coppola Sam Coppola ( July 31 , 1932 -- February 5 , 2012 ) was an American actor . He appeared in almost 70 films , beginning in 1968 , but may be best remembered for his role as Dan Fusco , owner of the Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , hardware and paint store , in Saturday Night Fever , who gave John Travolta 's character sage but salty advice in the classic 1977 film . Later in his career , Coppola made a brief but memorable appearance on The Sopranos as the idiosyncratic family therapist of Jennifer Melfi . Coppola was a cop in Serpico ( 1973 ) , starring Al Pacino , and a detective in Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , starring Michael Douglas and Glenn Close . His many TV credits include The Practice , The Good Wife , Law & Order , The Sopranos , Ryan 's Hope and the 2001 A&E movie The Big Heist , in which he portrayed mob boss Paul Castellano . Coppola , no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola , played a nursing home resident in a Chevy commercial that aired during 2011 's Super Bowl and a hot dog vendor in a Ball Park Franks spot starring Michael Jordan . Coppola , a 38-year resident of Leonia , also had many stage roles . He played the hobo Vladimir in a 2005 off-Broadway production of `` Waiting for Godot '' and an aging real estate salesman , Aaronow , in a 2000 production of Glengarry Glen Ross at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton . Coppola died February 5 , 2012 from an aneurysm , and was predeceased by his wife , Helen . He is survived by his children , Jason Coppola of Brooklyn and Samantha Coppola of Bogota , and three grandchildren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a79a39bf49b6c12b949c5d434f3f642", "text": "Alan Smithee Alan Smithee ( also Allen Smithee ) is an official pseudonym used by film directors who wish to disown a project . Coined in 1968 and used until it was formally discontinued in 2000 , it was the sole pseudonym used by members of the Directors Guild of America ( DGA ) when a director , dissatisfied with the final product , proved to the satisfaction of a guild panel that he or she had not been able to exercise creative control over a film . The director was also required by guild rules not to discuss the circumstances leading to the move or even to acknowledge being the project 's director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3611df98aca7091db765296622f3aca7", "text": "Sage oil Sage oil is the essential oil made from the culinary herb sage , Salvia officinalis . In addition to its valuable flavoring characteristics , sage oil can contain as much as 50 % thujone by weight . The exact amount varies based on the time in the season and which part of the plant is tested . Thujone is traditionally regarded as one of the active ingredients in absinthe , distinguishing it from `` less controversial '' alcoholic beverages . Sage oil has been suggested to boost short-term memory performance in many using it as a dietary supplement . Sage oils can be toxic and may trigger miscarriages , as well as `` cause dizziness , rapid heartbeat , and provoke epileptic seizures '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5bbd3fa7ca82f2987f36baaf2300c4d", "text": "Shamus Culhane James `` Shamus '' Culhane ( November 12 , 1908 -- February 2 , 1996 ) was an American animator , film director , and film producer . Culhane worked for a number of American animation studios , including Fleischer Studios , the Ub Iwerks studio , Walt Disney Productions , and the Walter Lantz studio . He began his animation career in 1925 working for J.R. Bray studios , and is known for promoting the animation talents of his inker/assistant at the Fleischer Studios in the early 1930s , Lillian Friedman Astor , making her the first female studio animator . While at the Disney studio , he discovered while working on Hawaiian Holiday '' 's crab sequence an animation method that involved stewing for multiple days , before drawing the entire thing in rough sketches all at once , straight ahead . He was a lead animator on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , animating arguably the most well-known sequence in the film , the animation of the dwarves marching home singing `` Heigh-Ho '' . The scene took Culhane and his assistants six months to complete . During this time he developed his `` High-speed '' technique of animating with quick dashed-off sketches . He also worked as an animator on Pinocchio , where he worked on Honest John and Gideon . However , he was left uncredited on the film . During the production of the film he left Disney to work at Fleischer Studios . While there , he worked as an animator on the films Gulliver 's Travels and Mr. Bug Goes to Town . In 1944 , he collaborated on The Greatest Man in Siam with the layout artist Art Heinemann . In that animation , `` the king of Siam bolts past doorways that are distinctly phallic in shape and peers at another that mimics a vagina . '' Later in his career , Culhane worked briefly in Chuck Jones 's unit at Warner Bros , before moving on to being a director for Lantz , where he helmed Woody Woodpecker 's 1944 classic , The Barber of Seville , the cartoon famous for one of the first uses of fast cutting , after taking the idea from Sergei Eisenstein . At Lantz , he introduced Russian avant-garde influenced experimental art into the cartoons . In the late-1940s , he founded Shamus Culhane Productions ( Culhane had gone by his birthname of James up until this point , before going by its Irish variant Shamus ) , one of the first companies to create animated television commercials . It also produced the animation for at least one of the Bell Telephone Science Series films . Shamus Culhane Productions folded in the 1960s , at which point Culhane became the head of the successor to Fleischer Studios , Paramount Cartoon Studios . He left the studio in 1967 , and went into semi-retirement . Culhane wrote two highly regarded books on animation : the how-to/textbook Animation from Script to Screen , and his autobiography Talking Animals and Other People '' . Since Culhane worked for a number of major Hollywood animation studios , his autobiography gives a balanced general overview of the history of the Golden Age of American Animation . At his death on February 2 , 1996 , Culhane was survived by his fourth wife , the former Juana Hegarty , and by two sons from his third marriage , to Maxine Marx ( the daughter of Chico Marx ) : Brian Culhane of Seattle and Kevin Marx Culhane of Portland , Ore. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbd32bac91ffb0d2f9bdc9b2e9d24da6", "text": "Melville Shavelson Melville Shavelson ( April 1 , 1917 -- August 8 , 2007 ) was an American film director , producer , screenwriter , and author . He was President of the Writers Guild of America , West ( WGAw ) from 1969 to 1971 , 1979 to 1981 , and 1985 to 1987 . He came to Hollywood in 1938 as one of comedian Bob Hope 's joke writers , a job he held for the next five years . He is responsible for the screenplays of such Hope films as The Princess and the Pirate ( 1944 ) , Where There 's Life ( 1947 ) , The Great Lover ( 1949 ) , and Sorrowful Jones ( 1949 ) , which also starred Lucille Ball . Shavelson also worked as a writer on Hope 's radio show , The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope . Shavelson was nominated twice for Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay -- first for 1955 's The Seven Little Foys , starring Hope in a rare dramatic role , and then for 1958 's Houseboat . He shared both nominations with Jack Rose . He also directed both films . Other films he wrote and directed include Beau James ( 1957 ) , The Five Pennies ( 1959 ) for which he won a Screen Writers Guild Award , It Started in Naples ( 1960 ) , On the Double ( 1961 ) , The Pigeon That Took Rome ( 1962 ) , A New Kind of Love ( 1963 ) , Cast a Giant Shadow ( 1966 ) , and Yours , Mine and Ours ( 1968 ) , which starred Henry Fonda and again with Lucille Ball . Shavelson created two Emmy award-winning television series and wrote for a dozen Academy Award shows . He also wrote , produced and co-directed the six-hour ABC screenplay to the 1979 television miniseries Ike , based on the World War II exploits of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower . It featured an all star cast including Robert Duvall and Lee Remick . Shavelson 's autobiography , published by BearManor Media in April 2007 , is entitled How to Succeed in Hollywood Without Really Trying , P.S. - You Ca n't ! Shavelson wrote several other books , including , with Mr. Hope , `` Do n't Shoot , It 's Only Me : Bob Hope 's Comedy History of the United States '' ( Putnam , 1990 ) , and How to Make a Jewish Movie ( 1971 ) , a memoir of his experiences while producing and directing Cast a Giant Shadow , and the Hollywood-themed novel Lualda ( 1973 ) . Shavelson was a noted instructor at USC 's Master of Professional Writing Program from 1998-2006 . He taught screenwriting , who often cracked to his students , `` I 'm a writer by choice , a producer by necessity and a director in self-defense . '' He was an amateur radio operator and held the callsign W6VLH . Shavelson 's first wife , Lucille , died in 2000 . He was married to his second wife , Ruth Florea , from 2001 until his death in 2007 . He had two children , Lynne Joiner and Richard Shavelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d2df65afab65724119a553a9a70fdb6", "text": "Rocky III Rocky III is a 1982 American sports drama film written , directed by , and starring Sylvester Stallone . It is the third installment in the Rocky film series , and the second in the franchise to be directed by Stallone . The movie features returning co-stars Carl Weathers , Burgess Meredith , Talia Shire and Burt Young . Rocky III also marks the film debuts of Mr. T as James `` Clubber '' Lang , and of professional wrestler Hulk Hogan as the supporting character `` Thunderlips '' . Rocky III is the first installment in the series to be distributed by MGM/UA rather than United Artists alone . In 1980 , United Artists , who owned the rights to the Rocky films , made Heaven 's Gate , a film which cost $ 44 million and made only $ 3 million . In response , United Artists ' owner , Transamerica , sold United Artists to MGM , forming MGM/UA in 1981 . The film 's main theme , `` Eye of the Tiger '' , was written by the group Survivor and became a smash hit single , topping the U.S. Billboard charts and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69ce6509cae853faa528f84c5a30a08", "text": "Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair Steven Spielberg 's Director 's Chair is a simulation game created and published by Knowledge Adventure for Windows and Macintosh . It was released in 1996 in the United States of America . In the game , the player is guided by film director Steven Spielberg ( appearing as himself ) through the comprehensive process of moviemaking , including scriptwriting , filming , and editing , using pre-generated film clips featuring Jennifer Aniston , Quentin Tarantino , Katherine Helmond , and Penn & Teller , among others . The game features advice from Hollywood professionals such as editor Michael Kahn , special effects supervisor Michael Lantieri , and cinematographer Dean Cundey . The game was produced by Roger Holzberg , who directed Spielberg in scenes in which Spielberg himself appeared .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1267d1f338982694d81c60580af967c4	Stockard Channing acted as Betty Rizzo in Grease.	[ { "docid": "2d4aa4d429a0db9b894c1a8443e71dac", "text": "Stockard Channing Stockard Channing ( born Susan Antonia Williams Stockard ; February 13 , 1944 ) is an American stage , film and television actress . She is known for playing Betty Rizzo in the film Grease ( 1978 ) and First Lady Abbey Bartlet on the NBC television series The West Wing ( 1999 -- 2006 ) . She is also known for originating the role of Ouisa Kittredge in the stage and film versions of Six Degrees of Separation , for which she was nominated for a Tony Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . A 13-time Primetime Emmy Award nominee and seven-time Tony Award nominee , she won the 1985 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the Broadway revival of A Day in the Death of Joe Egg , and won Emmy Awards for The West Wing and The Matthew Shepard Story , both in 2002 . She won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2004 for her role in Jack . Her film appearances include The Fortune ( 1975 ) , The Big Bus ( 1976 ) , The Cheap Detective ( 1978 ) , Heartburn ( 1986 ) , Up Close & Personal ( 1996 ) , Practical Magic ( 1998 ) , and Woody Allen 's Anything Else ( 2003 ) . She also played the recurring role of Veronica Loy on the CBS drama The Good Wife ( 2012 -- 16 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8c108567a59ed3744f309329c58299a4", "text": "The Waterboy The Waterboy is a 1998 American sports comedy film directed by Frank Coraci ( who played Robert ` Roberto ' Boucher , Sr. ) , starring Adam Sandler , Kathy Bates , Fairuza Balk , Henry Winkler , Jerry Reed ( his last film role before his death in 2008 ) , Larry Gilliard , Jr. , Blake Clark , Peter Dante and Jonathan Loughran , and produced by Robert Simonds and Jack Giarraputo . Lynn Swann , Lawrence Taylor , Jimmy Johnson , Bill Cowher , Paul `` The Big Show '' Wight and Rob Schneider have cameo appearances . The movie was extremely profitable , earning $ 161.5 million in North America alone . This was Sandler 's second film to eclipse $ 120 million worldwide in 1998 along with The Wedding Singer . Adam Sandler 's character , Bobby Boucher ( pronounced -LSB- buː ' ʃeɪ -RSB- ) , bears a strong resemblance to his `` The Excited Southerner '' comedic skits from his album What the Hell Happened to Me ? The portrayal is one of a stereotypical Cajun from the bayous of South Louisiana , not the typical stereotype of a Southerner . He also shares similarities in speech and mannerism to Canteen Boy , a recurring character , also portrayed by Sandler , on Saturday Night Live . Like Bobby , Canteen Boy was a soft-spoken manchild who preferred `` purified water , right out of the old canteen , '' which he always carried with him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed0444a29bb1522613b611efe032f3f", "text": "Chad Hanna Chad Hanna is a 1940 Technicolor film directed by Henry King , and was adapted from a bestseller of sorts that was published that same year . The novel was written by Walter Dumaux Edmonds ( after it had first been published in serial form in the Saturday Evening Post under the title `` Red Wheels Rolling '' ) . It stars Henry Fonda , Linda Darnell and Dorothy Lamour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5146c04a14b919be6f01f504955f75e2", "text": "The Ipana Troubadors The Ipana Troubadors ( aka The Ipana Troubadours ) was a musical variety radio program which began in New York on WEAF in 1923 . In actuality , the Troubadors were the Sam Lanin Orchestra . They opened the show with their theme , `` Smiles . '' The show was sponsored by Bristol Myers ' Ipana Toothpaste , and it was during this period that Bristol Myers introduced the slogan , `` Ipana for the Smile of Beauty ; Sal Hepatica for the Smile of Health . '' With a mix of hot swing music and novelty tunes , the show moved from WEAF to the NBC Red Network ( 1926-28 ) for a 30-minute series on Wednesday evenings at 9pm . It then aired on the Blue Network ( 1929-31 ) Mondays at 8:30 pm . Network radio exposure made the Ipana Troubadors one of the most well-known dance bands of the 1920s , resulting in a recording contract with Columbia and bookings at dance halls , such as the Casino at Bemus Point , New York . However , the recording contract covered only the Ipana Troubadors , so Lanin continued to recording on other labels under his own name and a variety of pseudonyms . With title changes , the show continued on the Red Network ( 1933-34 ) , Wednesdays at 9pm . Helen Hayes was a guest on the show of October 4 , 1933 , appearing in a scene with John Beal . In 1934 , The Ipana Troubadors merged with Fred Allen 's The Hour of Smiles . Radio station policies in the early 1920s dictated that no commercial messages intrude on a program . However , once the program moved to NBC , the attitude toward advertising accelerated , as noted by Timothy D. Taylor in `` Music and Advertising in Early Radio '' : Spot and national advertisements frequently had a tie-in , often simply a plain poster or print ad , and frequently more . A brochure about Ipana Toothpaste produced by NBC in 1928 included photos of the tie-ins that Ipana provided to customers who wrote in : a Magic Radio Time Table pad , so that listeners could write down their favorite programs ; a bridge score card ; a photo of the Ipana Troubadors , the program 's resident musicians ; a card with a paean to the smile . All of these items had the Ipana name prominently displayed . Then there was the tie-in material made available to dealers : posters , brochures , a `` radio applause card '' that listeners could take to send in comments on the program , and more ( National Broadcasting Company , Improving the Smiles of a Nation ! ) . Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey were heard on the show during the 1920s , along with Red Nichols and others . Musicians during the 1930s included Jack Teagarden and Joe Venuti , with vocalists Chick Bullock and Dick Robertson . Another guest was vaudeville headliner Marion Harris , billed by NBC as `` The Little Girl with the Big Voice . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eecd08ca4160cc411778149bb25f3c96", "text": "The Seven Descents of Myrtle The Seven Descents of Myrtle is a play by Tennessee Williams . It originally began as a short story , which Williams then turned into a one-act play , and then later revised it into the seven-act play that is accepted today . Its title character is reminiscent of another Williams ' heroine , Blanche Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire . Originally titled Kingdom of Earth , the serio-comic play focuses on Lot , a tubercular neurotic youth who is an impotent transvestite overly attached to the memory of his late mother . He has returned to his ancestral home , a decaying house on the edge of a river on the verge of overflowing , with his new bride Myrtle , a sometime prostitute and former showgirl , the sole survivor of the Five Memphis Hot Shots . She dwells in a fantasy world of romantic illusions , one of which is to nurse Lot back to health so they can consummate their marriage , but soon discovers Lot only wants to use her to steal the deed to the property from his multiracial half-brother Chicken , who has lived on and farmed the property for years . Once he meets Myrtle , he gets some romantic designs of his own . The Broadway production was produced by David Merrick and directed by José Quintero . After two previews , it opened on March 27 , 1968 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre and closed after 29 performances . It starred Brian Bedford as Lot , Harry Guardino as Chicken , and Estelle Parsons as Myrtle . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In 1970 , the play was adapted to a feature film and released under the title Last of the Mobile Hot Shots ( aka `` Blood Kin '' ) . A 1975 production in London , at the Greenwood Theatre , starring Marianne Faithfull as Myrtle , was cancelled after just three performances when Ms Faithfull fell ill with peritonitis . In 1976 , the play had its West Coast premiere at The Pasadena Repertory Theatre located in The Hotel Carver in Pasadena , California . It starred Marie Peckinpah as Myrtle , Duane Waddell as Chicken , and Ed Harris as Lot . It featured a remarkable three story , rain-drenched set by Howard Whalen . The play was presented under Williams ' original title `` Kingdom of Earth '' and ran for approximately 24 weekend performances over three months . It was directed by Gill Dennis , with executive producer Duane Waddell , and produced by Kevin Cloud Brechner . In 1991 , the play was produced in the UK at the Redgrave Theatre , Farnham starring Kit Hollerbach as Myrtle , Stephen Hattersley as Chicken and Marc Warren as Lot in a production directed by Bill Bankes-Jones . Stephen Hattersley won Best Actor 1991 in the TMA Awards for his performance in this production . In 2011 it was revived at the Print Room in Notting Hill , under its alternative title Kingdom of Earth , directed by Lucy Bailey . In 2012 , Tom Hiddleston did a reading of the short story version for the series Stories Before Bedtime at the Criterion-Theatre in the United Kingdom . This short story is a more erotic version written in the first person from the perspective of Chicken .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b948f0e666749fd080aaea5946da614", "text": "The Truth About Jane The Truth About Jane is a Lifetime Original Movie , directed by Lee Rose , that first aired on TV on August 7 , 2000 and stars Stockard Channing , Ellen Muth , Kelly Rowan Jenny O Hara and RuPaul ( credited under RuPaul Charles ) . It 's about a teenage girl named Jane ( Muth ) who struggles not only with her sexuality , but with a mother ( Channing ) who refuses to accept her . The film was nominated for several awards , including Outstanding TV Movie by GLAAD , Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries ( Channing ) Screen Actors Guild , and Original Long Form by WGA . The film ends with a dedication to Matthew Shepard and to `` all the men & women who love differently '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d62b83dc5fd0744252d6286fa33f623", "text": "Chicago (2002 film) Chicago is a 2002 American musical crime comedy film based on the musical of the same name , exploring the themes of celebrity , scandal , and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age . The film stars Catherine Zeta-Jones , Renée Zellweger and Richard Gere . Chicago centers on Velma Kelly ( Zeta-Jones ) and Roxie Hart ( Zellweger ) , two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago . Velma , a vaudevillian , and Roxie , a housewife , fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows . Directed and choreographed by Rob Marshall , and adapted by screenwriter Bill Condon , with music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb , Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003 , including Best Picture . The film was critically lauded , and was the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver ! in 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0a2ac7ed64fd151f0245b49eaaaea95", "text": "She's All That She 's All That is a 1999 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Robert Iscove and starring Freddie Prinze , Jr. , Rachael Leigh Cook , Paul Walker and Matthew Lillard . It is a modern adaptation of George Bernard Shaw 's play Pygmalion and George Cukor 's 1964 film My Fair Lady . It was one of the most popular teen films of the 1990s and reached No. 1 at the box office in its first week of release . In April 2015 , it was announced that the film will be remade by The Weinstein Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5ee943fc8fd2a9e4477a25c452a509f", "text": "Flash Cadillac & the Continental Kids Flash Cadillac & the Continental Kids , now known as Flash Cadillac , are an American retro rock 'n' roll band . They are best known for their portrayal of the group Herbie and the Heartbeats in the film American Graffiti , to which they contributed three songs : cover versions of `` At the Hop '' and `` Louie , Louie '' , and the original composition `` She 's So Fine '' . Their version of `` At the Hop '' was released as a single in 1973 . They had charts hits with `` Dancin ' ( on a Saturday Night ) '' , written by Lynsey De Paul and Barry Blue , `` Good Times , Rock and Roll '' and `` Did You Boogie ( With Your Baby ) '' . `` Dancin ' ( On A Saturday Night ) '' also reached the Swedish top 10 in 1974 . They also released a cover version of Wizzard 's See My Baby Jive written by Roy Wood in 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753a0002282a8dc95c27e76e5e11b2a8", "text": "Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre is a series of four 12 '' long playing vinyl albums recorded in Los Angeles in 1963 . The four albums were sold through mail order as a box set in 1963 , then released separately to retail in 1964 . They were conceived and produced by Frank Sinatra . Morris Stoloff was the musical director and the A&R Director was Sonny Burke . The four discs feature the scores of four popular Broadway musicals of the time , namely Finian 's Rainbow ( 1947 ) , Kiss Me , Kate ( 1948 ) , South Pacific ( 1949 ) and Guys and Dolls ( 1950 ) . The `` Guys and Dolls '' album was issued on CD in 1992 when the musical itself was enjoying a revival . All the albums were re-released in a box set on September 26 , 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91d93f8476c22eca3e289b6e176674b1", "text": "Grease 2 (soundtrack) Grease 2 : Original Soundtrack Recording is the original motion picture soundtrack for the 1982 film Grease 2 starring Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer . It was originally released by RSO Records . Like the film , the soundtrack failed to match the commercial success of its predecessor . The album peaked at # 71 on the Billboard album chart . The lead single , `` Back to School Again '' by the Four Tops , peaked at # 71 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the U.S. and at # 62 on the UK Singles Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8408ce7380d6e3843acfba7b40ae4eab", "text": "Smokey and the Bandit II Smokey and the Bandit II is a 1980 American action comedy film directed by Hal Needham , and stars Burt Reynolds , Sally Field , Jerry Reed , Jackie Gleason and Dom DeLuise . The film is the sequel to the 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit . The film was originally released in the United Kingdom , New Zealand , Australia and several other , mainly Commonwealth countries as Smokey and the Bandit Ride Again . Early video releases and TV broadcasts also used this title , but in more recent years have reverted to the original U.S. title . It was followed by a sequel three years later , Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 ( 1983 ) , in which Reynolds appeared only in a brief cameo appearance , and Sally Field was absent completely . The plot centers on Bo `` Bandit '' Darville ( Burt Reynolds ) and Cledus `` Snowman '' Snow ( Jerry Reed ) , transporting an elephant to the GOP National Convention , with Sheriff Buford T. Justice ( Jackie Gleason ) in hot pursuit once again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a6fa5301a2d31c3e5b68b80eb606c3f", "text": "Grease Grease often refers to : Grease ( lubricant ) , a type of industrial lubricant Yellow grease , in rendering , used frying oils , or lower-quality grades of tallow Brown grease , waste vegetable oil , animal fat , grease , etc. that is recovered from a grease trap Any petroleum product or fat ( including those used in cooking ) that is a soft solid at room temperature Hydrogenated vegetable oil ( vegetable shortening ) used as a replacement for lard and other rendered animal fats Grease or Mud fever , a disease causing irritation and dermatitis in the lower limbs of horses , most commonly in the pastern and heel area Grease may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54d635dbd4c08cff0af23aa812352187", "text": "The Love Parade The Love Parade is a 1929 American Pre-Code musical comedy film about the marital difficulties of Queen Louise of Sylvania ( Jeanette MacDonald ) and her consort , Count Alfred Renard ( Maurice Chevalier ) . Despite his love for Louise and his promise to be an obedient husband , Count Alfred finds his role as a figurehead unbearable . The film was directed by Ernst Lubitsch from a screenplay by Guy Bolton and Ernest Vajda , adapted from the French play Le Prince Consort , written by Jules Chancel and Leon Xanrof ; which had previously been adapted for Broadway in 1905 by William Boosey and Cosmo Gordon Lennox . The Love Parade is notable for being both the film debut of Jeanette MacDonald and the first `` talkie '' film made by Ernst Lubitsch . It was also released in a French-language version called Parade d'amour . Chevalier had thought that he would never be capable of acting as a Royal courtier , and had to be persuaded by Lubitsch . This huge box-office hit appeared just after the Wall Street crash , and did much to save the fortunes of Paramount .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1612a22a88b9418f655a0e28b9ecb67d", "text": "My Little Chickadee My Little Chickadee is a 1940 American comedy-western film starring Mae West and W.C. Fields , and featuring Joseph Calleia , Ruth Donnelly , Margaret Hamilton , Donald Meek , Willard Robertson , Dick Foran , William B. Davidson , and Addison Richards . The film was released by Universal Studios . It was directed by Edward F. Cline . The original music was written by Ben Oakland ( song `` Willie of the Valley '' ) and Frank Skinner . West reportedly wrote the original screenplay , with Fields contributing one extended scene set in a bar . Universal decided to give the stars equal screenplay credit , perhaps to avoid the appearance of favoritism , but the move incensed West , who declined to re-team with Fields afterwards . The stars spoofed themselves and the Western genre , with West providing a series of her trademark double entendres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec32229228dce81ce4428b673c5e90d3", "text": "An Impudent Girl An Impudent Girl ( L'Effrontée ) is a 1985 French film directed by Claude Miller . It stars Charlotte Gainsbourg , who won the César Award for Most Promising Actress , and Bernadette Lafont , who won the César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role . It is a free adaptation of the novel Frankie Addams ( French title of Carson McCullers 's The Member of the Wedding ) . The film won the Louis Delluc Prize , and received César nominations for Best Film , Best Director , Most Promising Actor , Best Writing , Best Costume Design and Best Sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b22514694f11066b73d899ebf7d98c4", "text": "Fanny Farmer Fanny Farmer was an American candy manufacturer and retailer . Fanny Farmer was started in Rochester , New York by Frank O'Connor in 1919 and grew to over 400 stores before being bought and consolidated . O'Connor had previously started the Laura Secord Candy Shops in Toronto , Canada in 1913 . The company was named in honor of culinary expert Fannie Farmer , who had died four years earlier ; she had nothing to do with the candy stores , and her recipes were not being used . `` The spelling of the first name was altered to avoid confusion . '' However , as a marketing device , it suggested reflected glory : high standards of quality . Fanny Farmer stores shared a look that was similar to that of Fanny May . John D. Hayes was president of the company for many years , from its earliest years through the 1950s . He was a shrewd businessman , and guided the company through some difficult times . During the Depression , candy sales were dropping until he slashed retail prices , and kept the company in business . During World War II , he self-imposed rationing on company stores in the US , to ensure adequate supplies of candy for the armed forces overseas . He was named 1955 `` Candy Man of the Year '' by the candy industry . He was also blind . In 1962 , a proxy fight allowed a group of stock market investors from New York City & New England , without experience in the candy industry , to gain control of the Fanny Farmer company . They pushed for continuous expansion of the company , spending heavily to open more retail stores , despite facing increasing retail competition . This expansion by new management financially stressed the company . In 1992 the Archibald Candy Company acquired the brand `` Fanny Farmer '' and its 200 retail stores in the northeastern United States ) as a sister brand to its own Fannie May candies ( sold primarily in the Midwest and mid-Atlantic United States ) . Alpine Confections purchased both brands in 2004 after Archibald filed for bankruptcy , and merged Fanny Farmer into Fannie May . An errant path of merger and acquisitions , whereby the company became the largest chain of candy retailers in the country but without adequate financing and a viable corporate strategy , was blamed for the bankruptcy . In its current iteration at 1-800-Flowers , the successor corporation sells Fanny May and Fanny Farmer products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0c4b8075d2fcc25bf1ffc9a87378847", "text": "The Hustler (film) The Hustler is a 1961 American drama film directed by Robert Rossen from Walter Tevis 's 1959 novel of the same name , adapted for the screen by Rossen and Sidney Carroll . It tells the story of small-time pool hustler `` Fast Eddie '' Felson and his desire to break into the `` major league '' of professional hustling and high-stakes wagering by high-rollers that follows it . He throws his raw talent and ambition up against the best player in the country ; seeking to best the legendary pool player `` Minnesota Fats . '' After initially losing to Fats and getting involved with unscrupulous manager Bert Gordon , Eddie returns to try again , but only after paying a terrible personal price . The film was shot on location in New York City . It stars Paul Newman as `` Fast '' Eddie Felson , Jackie Gleason as Minnesota Fats , Piper Laurie as Sarah , and George C. Scott as Bert . The Hustler was a major critical and popular success , gaining a reputation as a modern classic . Its exploration of winning , losing , and character garnered a number of major awards ; it is also credited with helping to spark a resurgence in the popularity of pool . Real-life pool player Rudolf Wanderone , known at the time as `` New York Fats '' and `` Chicago Fats '' , claimed to be the real life inspiration for Gleason 's character , Minnesota Fats , and adopted the name as his own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a14f342c500c5568bf65c69f6abacc4", "text": "Damn Yankees (film) Damn Yankees is a 1958 musical film made by Warner Bros. , a modern version of the Faust story involving the New York Yankees and Washington Senators baseball teams . The film is based on the 1955 Broadway musical of the same name . The film version was directed by George Abbott , as was the earlier stage version , with assistance from Stanley Donen . With the exception of Tab Hunter in the role of Joe Hardy ( replacing Stephen Douglass ) , the Broadway principals reprised their stage roles , including Gwen Verdon as Lola . A notable difference between film and stage versions was Gwen Verdon 's performance of the song `` A Little Brains '' . For the film , Verdon 's suggestive hip movements ( as choreographed by Bob Fosse and performed on stage ) were considered too risqué for a mainstream American film in 1958 , and so , in the film , she simply pauses at these points . The film was released in the United Kingdom under the title What Lola Wants , to avoid use of the word `` Damn '' on posters , hoardings and cinema marquees . It was also possibly because the title 's pun , alluding to the American Southerner 's colloquial term for Northerners ( `` damn Yankee '' ) would be lost on foreign audiences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c4dbae3f7d1c56290642e19bb0cb8ca", "text": "Smooth Talk Smooth Talk is a 1985 drama film , loosely based on Joyce Carol Oates ' 1966 short story `` Where Are You Going , Where Have You Been ? '' , which was in turn inspired by the Tucson murders committed by Charles Schmid . The protagonist and main character , Connie Wyatt , is played by Laura Dern . The antagonist , Arnold Friend , is played by Treat Williams . The film was produced by American Playhouse and Goldcrest Films , and originally released to movie theaters in 1985 . The original music score was composed by Russ Kunkel and Bill Payne . The movie won the Grand Jury Prize in the Dramatic category at that year 's Sundance Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8423d4edb2b93b280989df059b1589a5", "text": "The King and the Chorus Girl The King and the Chorus Girl is a 1937 American romantic comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Fernand Gravey , Joan Blondell and Edward Everett Horton . Fernand Gravey plays Alfred VII , a young and rich deposed King in exile in Paris , monumentally bored . When he becomes involved with a chorus girl whom he accidentally insults ( by falling asleep ) , her indignation provides an opportunity for his loyal courtiers to bring him back to life . Gravey ( billed as `` Gravet '' ) was at the time the subject of a significant studio publicity campaign to build his image . The film is notable for being the only one with a screenplay officially credited to Groucho Marx .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3514b57337d83428368e9ccf1aea0b17	Andy Roddick was ranked in the top ten for nine consecutive years.	[ { "docid": "c0de4c94f09432459d4dde6c0ac91aea", "text": "Andy Roddick Andrew Stephen `` Andy '' Roddick ( born August 30 , 1982 ) is an American former professional tennis player . He became a Grand Slam singles champion , and world number one , when he won the title at the 2003 US Open , defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero in the final . Despite several more years as one of the world 's best players that would remain his only Grand Slam triumph . He is the most recent North American male player to win a Grand Slam singles event , the most recent to reach the top ranking , and the most recent to claim the year-end world No. 1 ( 2003 ) . Roddick reached four other Grand Slam finals ( Wimbledon in 2004 , 2005 , and 2009 , and the US Open in 2006 ) , losing to Roger Federer every time . Roddick was ranked in the top 10 for nine consecutive years between 2002 and 2010 , at year 's end , and won five Masters Series in that period . He is married to Brooklyn Decker , a former Sports Illustrated swimwear model and actress . On August 30 , 2012 , during the 2012 US Open and on his 30th birthday , Roddick announced that he would retire after the tournament . Following a fourth-round defeat by Juan Martín del Potro , Roddick retired from the sport with the aim of focusing on his foundation , the Andy Roddick Foundation , in future years . In 2015 , Roddick played for the Austin Aces in World Team Tennis . This was his eighth season in World Team Tennis and the fifth team he has played for .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bf088ab255d1b595c3f65a840c9f6498", "text": "2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season The 2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season began at the Chennai Open , where he won the title for the second time in his career . This was followed by victory at the Australian Open , where he defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the quarterfinals , followed by victory over world no. 1 Rafael Nadal in the final , to win his first ever Grand Slam title , launching him to a career-high no. 3 in the world , and the Swiss no. 1 ( ahead of Roger Federer ) for the first time in his career . Additionally , he won his first Masters 1000 title , defeating compatriot Federer in the final after coming back from a set down . During the first half of the season , Wawrinka went a perfect 6 -- 0 against top-10 opponents , including wins against three of the `` Big Four '' ( Djokovic , Nadal , and Federer ) . He also reached the semifinals of the ATP World Tour Finals for the second time in a row and finished the year helping Switzerland win their first Davis Cup . He was defending champion in Oeiras , but withdrew before the tournament began .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a49022d13e2f06169b88d84bdac9135", "text": "Unmatched Unmatched is a documentary about tennis players Martina Navratilova and Chris Evert , their decades-long on-court rivalry and lifelong friendship , created for ESPN 's 30 for 30 documentary series . Evert and Navratilova met in 80 matches , 60 finals and 14 grand slam finals with Navratilova sporting a 43-37 advantage . The film was shot over three days in Amagansett , New York in October 2009 . Unmatched was awarded the 2011 Gracie Award for `` Outstanding Producer - News/Non-fiction '' . Navratilova was sometimes described as the lesbian tennis player from a communist country : `` As one of the first openly gay sports figures , she has spent much of her career overcoming prejudices and stereotypes , giving up millions of dollars in endorsements and sponsorships as a result of her insistence on living a life of integrity and honesty . '' Evert was described as the all-American girl next door . Today Navratilova is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all-time ; she has won 167 singles titles , 177 doubles championships titles and 59 Grand Slam titles , she has been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame , was the WTA 's `` Tour Player of the Year '' seven times , was declared one of the `` Top Forty Athletes of All-time '' by Sports Illustrated and was named `` Female Athlete of the Year '' by the Associated Press . Navratilova has served as AARP 's Health and Fitness Ambassador and is also involved with the LGBT movement , The Rainbow Card ® and Rainbow Endowment . Evert on the other hand reached more Grand Slam singles finals than any player , she has been president of the Women 's Tennis Association and in 2005 she was named fourth on the list of the 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era by TENNIS Magazine . Evert won 157 singles championships , 29 doubles titles and she won 18 Grand Slam singles championships and three doubles titles . Hannah Storm said of the rivalry : `` Just think about the dynamic of competing against your best friend . They would practice together , eat lunch together , then go out and play in the final and then make travel plans to go to the next tournament . '' In describing their rivalry and its effect on their tennis careers , Navratilova said : `` I do n't think either of us would have lasted as long without the other . '' Evert said : `` It gave us inspiration and a lot of incentive to work harder and try to continue to improve . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d90041433c3f7a25f3b7195d641fc91f", "text": "Roddick Roddick is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Andy Roddick ( born 1982 ) , American tennis player Anita Roddick ( 1942 -- 2007 ) , British entrepreneur and environmentalist Sam Roddick ( born 1971 ) , British businesswoman , daughter of Anita Thomas George Roddick ( 1846 -- 1923 ) , Canadian surgeon , medical administrator , and politician", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcbe56bb0ce367e5bd167bf697009859", "text": "Tennis (magazine) Tennis is an American sports magazine owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group . There are 8 issues per year covering the world of tennis . The tennis.com website is an offshoot of the magazine and still part of the same media company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3530015e1e6216d1c98b80d719084f25", "text": "Bosworth Tennis Bosworth Tennis , also known as Bosworth International , is a family business which specializes in stringing tennis rackets but also designs and alters other aspects of tennis rackets to match the personal preferences of the players . They have worked with many of the top tennis players , notably Ivan Lendl . The company was created by Warren Bosworth in 1975 . By 1992 his business moved from Glastonbury , Connecticut to Boca Raton . It is now led by his son Jay Bosworth , who joined the company in 1982 . It is one of a handful of highly specialized companies catering to the top professional players , compabarable to Roman Prokes ( Maria Sharapova , Andy Roddick ) and Nate Ferguson ( Roger Federer , Novak Djokovic ) , but they also provide similar services to amateur players . Warren M. Bosworth Jr. ( January 5 , 1935 - July 7 , 2010 ) was born in Providence , Rhode Island . After his studies of embalment at the New England Institute of Anatomy , Warren Bosworth had many jobs , including embalmer at his father 's Warren M. Bosworth Funeral Home , and investment banker , before starting around 1970 a company that maintained tennis court surfaces . He married Barbara Bedard in 1959 . They lived with their three children in Hartford , Connecticut . After he had bought and adapted a stringing machine in 1972 , he was asked to redesign the stringing machine at Ektelon Corp. . He started working for the Aetna World Cup tournament in Hartford , and by 1976 became the Floor General there , responsible for the stringing , the grounds and the ball courts . In 1975 , he was so well known as a stringer and qualified pro trainer that he retired from the investment banking and became a full-time stringer , touring the circuit with his Bosworth Racket Clinic . Most famous collaboration is the one with Lendl . Roscoe Tanner claims his streak at the US Open in 79 ( including wins against Lendl and Borg ) was caused by Bosworth adjusting his rackets . Working with many of the top professional players , he was nicknamed `` The Wizard of Boz '' and `` The Doctor '' . He also worked as chief technical consultant for Snauwaert . In 1980 , he designed his first full racket , the Snauwaert Dyno . His second design was a racket for Jimmy Connors . Warren Bosworth also invented new stringing patterns like the Bosworth Pattern , perfect squares surrounded by rectangles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab553fd915f80dd9eda0cbd9f6e355ea", "text": "1999 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament The 1999 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament was a men 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts . It was the 27th edition of the event known that year as the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament , and was part of the ATP International Series Gold of the 1999 ATP Tour . It took place at the Ahoy Rotterdam indoor sporting arena in Rotterdam , Netherlands , from 15 February through 21 February 1999 . Second-seeded Yevgeny Kafelnikov won the singles title . The singles field featured ATP No. 4 , ATP Tour World Championships winner , and recent Sydney finalist Àlex Corretja , Australian Open champion , Halle and Moscow titlist Yevgeny Kafelnikov , and Tashkent and Basel winner , Doha runner-up Tim Henman . Also lined up were Stuttgart Super 9 titlist Richard Krajicek , Paris Super 9 champion Greg Rusedski , Karol Kučera , Thomas Enqvist and Goran Ivanišević .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07395d5c750a558d458d5dff6be0621b", "text": "Novak Djokovic Novak Djokovic ( Новак Ђоковић , Novak Đoković , -LSB- nôʋaːk d͡ʑôːkoʋit͡ɕ -RSB- ; born 22 May 1987 ) , often referred to by the hypocorism Nole , is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 2 in men 's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) . He is considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time . Djokovic holds the highest match winning rate ( 82.8 % ) in the Open Era , as of May 2017 . Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles , the fourth most in history , and held the No. 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks . In majors , Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles , three Wimbledon titles , two US Open titles and one French Open title . In 2016 , he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam ; by winning the 2016 French Open , Djokovic became the third man to hold all four major titles at once , the first since Rod Laver in 1969 , and the first ever to do so on three different surfaces . Djokovic has won an all-time record of 30 Masters 1000 series titles , tied with Rafael Nadal . Djokovic 's records include breaking the single-season record with six masters titles in 2015 , winning 31 consecutive ATP World Tour Masters 1000 series matches , playing in the finals at all nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments ( shared with Roger Federer and Nadal , and being the only player to win eight of the nine events ( and at least twice ) . Among other titles , he has won the ATP World Tour Finals five times and was on the Serbian team which won the 2010 Davis Cup . He also won the Bronze medal in men 's singles at the 2008 Summer Olympics . Djokovic is the first Serbian player to be ranked No. 1 by the ATP and the first male player representing Serbia to win a Grand Slam singles title . Djokovic has won numerous awards , including the 2012 , 2015 , and 2016 Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year , 2011 BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year , five-time ITF World Champion , and four-time ATP year-end number 1 . He is a recipient of the Order of St. Sava , the Order of Karađorđe 's Star and the Order of the Republika Srpska .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cafcffbc54116d1167f1b09285244a8", "text": "2009 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 Following are the results of the 2009 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 . The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the ATP . In 2007 the ATP Tour announced that major changes will take place in 2009 . The Masters Series will be renamed to the Masters 1000 , with the addition of the number 1000 referring to the amount of ranking points which are won .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0318f69c1864dff08a908c9737ff3807", "text": "US Open Series The US Open Series is the seven-week summer tennis season linking twelve ATP World Tour and WTA Tour tournaments together . The Series leads to the US Open . It is often referred to as the U.S. or North American hard court season . From 2012 until 2018 , the series will be sponsored by Emirates . It was organized in 2004 as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television . Until 2004 , most summer North American tournaments were not on television , the exceptions being the highly televised ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events in Canada and Cincinnati . The eight non-Masters tournaments now enjoy about 50 hours of television combined -- about two hours on each day of their final weekends , chiefly on ESPN2 , which is where ESPN shows its tennis programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6944a188694cfcc446509edb88dc6b80", "text": "Roger Draper Roger Draper is the former Chief Executive of Sport England from 2003 to 2006 , and the Lawn Tennis Association from 2006 to 2013 . In his time at Sport England , Draper had overall accountability for business turnover of # 340m , and was involved in London 's 2012 Olympic bid , and the Wembley National Stadium construction project . As Accounting Officer for Sport England , he had responsibility for reporting to Parliament through the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport , and represented the organisation at a wide range of Select Committees , including the Public Accounts Committee hearing on the Wembley National Stadium Project , in 2003 . He also led a major review and reorganisation of the # 450m spent on sport in the UK . This included the completion of the # 120m English Institute of Sport network of high performance facilities including new centres at Bath and Loughborough Universities , and a review of corporate governance across a number of sports , including athletics , hockey , rugby league , golf , cricket , boxing , karate and bowls . Draper joined the LTA in 2006 and published the ` Blueprint , a Strategy for British Tennis ' , which set out his plans to transform the national governing body for British tennis . This included a complete restructure of the organisation , a new commercial strategy and programme , the introduction of Talent ID , and a comprehensive review and rebuild of all the LTA 's major events . During his time at the LTA , turnover grew by 45 % to # 65m , and commercial revenues increased by three and a half times , in part the result of a ground-breaking Lead Partner agreement with pensions provider Aegon UK . British Tennis membership grew by 500 % and the number of juniors playing competitive tennis sevenfold . Draper was also responsible for introducing a new mini tennis programme and a nationwide talent ID system for British tennis . During this period , Great Britain won the Junior Davis Cup for the first time , and a number of British juniors won grand slam singles and doubles titles . In 2007 Draper withdrew funding from Naomi Broady , then age 17 and the leading junior , as a disciplinary measure for posting pictures and comments online wholly unrelated to tennis . This resulted in a feud which has resulted in Broady refusing to play for GB ever since and funding her own career . The general opinion of observers was that Draper was reflecting an LTA mindset which discredited tennis and put back attempts to widen participation beyond a narrow wealthy social group . In 2013 , Andy Murray became the first British man to win the Wimbledon singles title for 77 years . Despite a growth in the number of children playing tennis , Draper 's tenure was criticised for failing to increase levels of participation among adults . The problems of participation came to a head when in December 2012 Sport England announced that # 10.3 million of the LTA 's # 17.4 million funding total had been put on hold , with Sport England chief executive Jennie Price telling Press Association Sport : `` Tennis has not performed well in terms of participation '' . Sport England subsequently released the funding to the LTA . After his salary package at the LTA was revealed to be # 640,000 in 2012 , Draper and the LTA received further criticism , including from Baroness Billingham , the Chair of Parliament 's All-Party Tennis Group . His 7 1/2 year tenure as chief executive of the LTA came to an end in March 2013 when he announced that he would stand down in September 2013 Draper opposed the creation of the # 40 million National Tennis Centre at Roehampton , and in August 2014 , it was reported that the centre was to close , just 7 years after it was opened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05b389cabb06b474d1b664b1b1079d7b", "text": "John Roddick John Roddick ( born July 4 , 1976 ) is an American former professional tennis player and the current director of tennis and head men 's tennis coach at the University of Central Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "856de069379307a7b63c2f624fd3c497", "text": "2003 Monte Carlo Masters The 2003 Monte Carlo Masters was a men 's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 97th edition of the Monte Carlo Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2003 ATP Tour . It took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in France from 14 April through 20 April 2003 . The men 's field was headlined by Juan Carlos Ferrero , Carlos Moyá and Andy Roddick . Other top seeds in the field were Albert Costa , Jiří Novák , David Nalbandian , Paradorn Srichaphan and Rainer Schüttler . Rafael Nadal , then aged 16 , made his tournament debut in this year , losing to Guillermo Coria in the Round of 16 . This would be the last time in which he would be defeated at the event until 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "798b19687456d6e48fb7eea51396140c", "text": "Rafael Nadal Rafael `` Rafa '' Nadal Parera ( -LSB- rəfəˈɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə -RSB- , -LSB- rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa -RSB- ; born 3 June 1986 ) is a Spanish professional tennis player . He is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history , and owing to his dominance and success on the surface , he has been called `` The King of Clay '' . His evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest players in tennis history , with some considering Nadal to be the greatest male player of all time . Nadal has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles , the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles , an all-time record of 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles , tied with Novak Djokovic , and a record 18 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments . He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , and 2011 . In 2010 , he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of four in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24 . He is the second male player , after Andre Agassi , to complete the singles Career Golden Slam . In 2011 , Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year . The left-hander is the sixth player in the Open Era to reach more than 100 finals on the ATP World Tour . Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only two male players who have won at least two Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces -- hard court , grass , and clay . By winning the 2014 French Open , Nadal became the third player to win a single Grand Slam tournament nine times ( Martina Navratilova 9 , Margaret Court 11 ) and the first male to win at least one Grand Slam tournament for ten consecutive years , breaking the record of eight consecutive years previously shared by Björn Borg , Pete Sampras , and Roger Federer . By winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2012 , Nadal became the only male player in the open era to win a tournament eight consecutive times . Nadal is the only male player in tennis history to win one Grand Slam and at least one Masters 1000 title for ten consecutive years from 2005 -- 2014 . He beat Guillermo Vilas 's Open Era record of 49 clay-court titles by winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . Nadal became the first man to win the same tournament 10 times by wining the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . He repeated this historic achievement by winning the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell for a 10th time just a few weeks later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f070d9076b81460acb19a9aa4614b1e", "text": "Tsvetana Pironkova Tsvetana Pironkova ( Цветана Кирилова Пиронкова -LSB- tsvɛˈtana pirɔnˈkɔva -RSB- ) ( born 13 September 1987 ) is a Bulgarian tennis player and the current no. 1 Bulgarian in the WTA rankings . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Plovdiv , Pironkova started playing tennis at the age of four on being introduced to the sport by her father , who later coached her . After playing at a junior level and winning Atlantic Cup , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2002 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . Early in her career , Pironkova won six international singles titles at the ITF circuit . Pironkova made her WTA tour debut at the İstanbul Cup in 2005 , and achieved moderate success earlier in her career . That changed in 2010 , when she entered Wimbledon with a 1 -- 4 career record at the event , and went on reach the semifinals of the tournament , becoming the second Bulgarian tennis player in history to reach the semifinal stage of a Grand Slam in singles . She garnered wide recognition for her performance , and after her semifinal finish reached her highest WTA Singles ranking at no. 31 in September 2010 . Pironkova followed it up with a quarterfinal run at the event the following year , earning her the nickname `` The Wimbledon Darkhorse '' . She is also known defeating Venus Williams three times at Grand Slam tournaments , twice at Wimbledon . Pironkova won her first WTA title at the 2014 Apia International , defeating three top-10 ranked players in a row . She defeated the world no. 2 Agnieszka Radwańska in the fourth round of the 2016 French Open , reaching her quarterfinal at a Grand Slam other than Wimbledon . In addition to this , Pironkova has a total of twelve wins over other top-10 ranked players to her name . She also holds the second longest active streak of the most consecutive Grand Slam appearances at 45 , only behind Jelena Jankovic . Pironkova has been recognized by The New York Times for her `` cerebral '' grass-court abilities and named one of the most beautiful women in sports by MSN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80320f30067921aa235bab1985721340", "text": "List of Davis Cup champions The Davis Cup is an annual international team event in men 's tennis . Established in 1900 as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge , it is run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , who describe it as the `` World Cup of tennis . '' The first event in 1900 was a match between Great Britain and the United States , while 135 nations have entered the 2016 Davis Cup . The tournament sees players competing for their country in four singles and one doubles matches , known as rubbers , over the course of three days , with the team that wins three rubbers progressing . The countries are divided into groups based upon their location or performance in previous years . The Davis Cup World Group is the top level of the competition and features matches between players from the top 16 countries at the start of the year . Countries that lose their first round match face a relegation play-off against winning countries from the continental zones . World Group winning countries progress to the quarter-finals . Nations have to win a further three ties in order to claim the position of Davis Cup Champions . The United States are the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with 32 victories . Australia are second with 28 and Great Britain are third with 10 . Teams from Europe have won the competition the most with 42 victories , followed by North America with 32 and Oceania with 28 . Argentina are the current champions , they beat Croatia 3 -- 2 in the final in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2df9ad7d1212461b3b1a52a041507d24", "text": "2010 ATP World Tour The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP . The 2010 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the ATP World Team Championship , the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , and the ATP World Tour Finals . Also included in the 2010 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which does not distribute ranking points , and is organized by the ITF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "368f815a364b8a5924186d5253992b22", "text": "French Open The French Open , often referred to as Roland-Garros ( -LSB- ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁɔs -RSB- ) , is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France . Named after the French aviator Roland Garros , it is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual Grand Slam tournaments , the other three being the Australian Open , Wimbledon and the US Open . Roland Garros is currently the only major held on clay , and it is the zenith of the spring clay court season . Because of the seven rounds needed for a championship , the slow-playing surface and the best-of-five-set men 's singles matches ( without a tiebreak in the final set ) , the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2f5294044ef644baff9329f1321feee", "text": "1990 Newsweek Champions Cup and the Virginia Slims of Indian Wells The 1990 Newsweek Champions Cup and the Virginia Slims of Indian Wells Cup were tennis tournaments played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 15th edition of the tournament , and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1990 ATP Tour , and of the Tier II Series of the 1990 WTA Tour . It was held from March 6 to March 20 , 1990 . The men 's singles draw was headlined by Boris Becker and Stefan Edberg . Other top seeds were Brad Gilbert , Aaron Krickstein , and Andre Agassi . The women 's singles draw featured Martina Navratilova and Conchita Martínez . Other top seeds present were Helena Suková , Jana Novotná , and Katerina Maleeva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7da6100a1224ba809de35e42970fc118", "text": "2005 Monte Carlo Masters The 2005 Monte Carlo Masters was a men 's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 99th edition of the event and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2005 ATP Tour . It took place from 11 April through 17 April 2005 . The men 's singles was headlined by World No. 1 Roger Federer , Marat Safin and Tim Henman . Other top seeds were Gastón Gaudio , Carlos Moyà , Guillermo Coria , Joachim Johansson and Ivan Ljubičić .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8f7f7446ec4a5b1a6b80a764784335", "text": "2001 Players Championship The 2001 Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour , held at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach , southeast of Jacksonville . It was the 28th Players Championship . Tiger Woods won the first of his two Players Championships , one stroke ahead of runner-up Vijay Singh . Because of bad weather , the tournament was completed on Monday , March 26 . In the final pairing with 54-hole leader Jerry Kelly , Woods played the final nine holes on Monday . Woods had won the previous three majors in 2000 ; he won the Masters Tournament two weeks later to hold all four major titles at once , the Tiger Slam , as well as this Players , an unofficial `` fifth major . '' He won his second Players a dozen years later in 2013 . Through 2016 , Woods is the only winner of the Players and Masters in the same calendar year ( 2001 ) , and he was the third Players champion to win a major in the same calendar year , joining Jack Nicklaus ( 1978 ) and Hal Sutton ( 1983 ) ; it expanded to four with Martin Kaymer in 2014 . Defending champion Sutton finished seven strokes back , in a tie for fifth place .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4133182b65e13410c068730953a2f65c	Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is the last live action portrayal of Aquaman.	[ { "docid": "b183503e62a4b21aee73c99227eeaa95", "text": "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman . Directed by Zack Snyder and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures , the film is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe following 2013 's Man of Steel . It was written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer , and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck , Henry Cavill , Amy Adams , Jesse Eisenberg , Diane Lane , Laurence Fishburne , Jeremy Irons , Holly Hunter and Gal Gadot . Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice is the first live-action film to feature Batman and Superman together , as well as the first live-action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman , Aquaman , The Flash and Cyborg . In the film , criminal mastermind Lex Luthor manipulates Batman into a preemptive battle with Superman , whom Luthor is obsessed with defeating . The film was announced at the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International , after the release of Man of Steel . Snyder stated that the film would take inspiration from the Batman comic book series The Dark Knight Returns by Frank Miller , but clarified that it would follow an original premise . The incarnation of Batman in the film would also be different from the character 's previous portrayal in The Dark Knight Trilogy , serving as a cinematic reboot of the character . The film is also inspired by narrative elements from the `` Death of Superman '' story arc . Pre-production began at East Los Angeles College in October 2013 , with principal photography starting in May 2014 in Detroit , Michigan . Additional filming also took place in Chicago . Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice premiered at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City on March 19 , 2016 , and was released in the United States on March 25 , 2016 , in 2D , 3D , IMAX 3D , 4DX , premium large formats and 70 mm prints . Following a strong debut that set new box office records , the film experienced a historic drop in its second weekend and never recovered . Despite turning a profit , it was deemed a box office disappointment and received generally unfavorable reviews from critics for its tone , screenplay and pacing , though some praised the visual style and acting performances . A director 's cut , dubbed the `` Ultimate Edition '' and features 30 minutes of additional footage , was released digitally on June 28 , 2016 , and on Blu-ray and DVD on July 19 , 2016 . A follow-up , Justice League , is set to be released in November 2017 , and a standalone Superman sequel is currently in development .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b6c73fbcf4af82ffe7920642b2d46dfa", "text": "The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure is a Filmation animated series that aired on CBS from 1967 to 1968 . Premiering on September 9 , 1967 , this 60-minute program included a series of six-minute adventures featuring various DC Comics superheroes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c752318a4d39ad6e7d9012860f8de299", "text": "Superman: The Man of Steel (disambiguation) Superman : The Man of Steel was a monthly comics series that ran from 1986 to 2003 . Superman : The Man of Steel may also refer to : Superman : The Man of Steel ( 2002 video game ) , a video game for Xbox Superman : The Man of Steel ( 1993 video game ) , a Master System game Superman : The Man of Steel ( 1989 video game ) Man of Steel ( film ) , the 2013 Superman film The Man of Steel ( comics ) , a 1986 comic book limited series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ac586ee826cdf853d46056a85d48a2", "text": "Dick Grayson Richard John `` Dick '' Grayson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with Batman . Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger and illustrator Jerry Robinson , he first appeared in Detective Comics # 38 in April 1940 as the original incarnation of Robin . In Tales of the Teen Titans # 44 ( July 1984 ) the character retires his role as Robin and assumes the superhero persona of Nightwing , created by Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez . The youngest in a family of acrobats known as the `` Flying Graysons '' , Dick watches a mafia boss kill his parents in order to extort money from the circus that employed them . Batman ( Bruce Wayne ) takes him in as a legal ward ( retconned as an adopted son in some cases ) and the crime-fighting partner Robin . He is written by many authors as the first son of Batman . As well as being Batman 's crime-fighting partner , Dick establishes himself as the leader of the Teen Titans , a team of teenage superheroes . As a young man , he retires as Robin and takes on his own superhero identity to assert his independence , becoming Nightwing . As Nightwing , he continues to lead the Teen Titans and later the Outsiders . In the first volume of his eponymous series ( 1996 -- 2009 ) , he becomes the protector of Blüdhaven , Gotham 's economically troubled neighboring city , the locale the character is most closely associated with . He has also served stints protecting the streets of New York , Chicago and Gotham in other runs over the years . Dick Grayson has taken on the identity of Batman on a few occasions . Following `` Batman : Knightfall '' , Grayson declines taking up the mantle of Batman while the original was recovering from a broken back as he feels Nightwing is a hero in his own right and not Batman 's understudy , but after the events of the Zero Hour miniseries later that year , he replaces Bruce Wayne as Batman , beginning in Robin # 0 ( 1994 ) and extending throughout the Batman : Prodigal storyline in 1995 . Dick again assumes the mantle following the events of `` Batman R.I.P. '' ( 2008 ) and Final Crisis ( 2008 -- 9 ) . As Batman , Dick moves to Gotham City following his mentor 's apparent death and partners with the fifth Robin , Damian Wayne . On Bruce 's return , both men maintained the Batman identity until 2011 , when Dick returned to the Nightwing identity with DC 's The New 52 continuity reboot . In a 2014 comic story , Dick is forced to abandon the Nightwing identity after being unmasked on TV and faking his death , setting up Tim Seeley 's Grayson comic book , Dick becomes Agent 37 , Batman 's mole in the nefarious spy organization Spyral . Following the conclusion of the Grayson series , and the restoration of his secret identity in the series ' final issue , Dick returns to being Nightwing as part of the DC Rebirth relaunch in 2016 . Dick Grayson has appeared as Robin in several other media adaptations : the 1943 serial played by Douglas Croft , the 1949 serial played by Johnny Duncan , the 1966 -- 1968 live action Batman television series and its motion picture portrayed by Burt Ward , played by Chris O'Donnell in the 1995 film Batman Forever and its 1997 sequel Batman & Robin . Loren Lester voiced the character as Robin in Batman : The Animated Series and later as Nightwing 's first screen adaptation in The New Batman Adventures . In May 2011 , IGN ranked Dick Grayson # 11 on their list of the `` Top 100 Super Heroes of All Time '' . In 2013 , ComicsAlliance ranked Grayson as Nightwing as # 1 on their list of the `` 50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c41bc359d723c3ca55f99c77ddf6631", "text": "Mister Mxyzptlk Mister Mxyzptlk ( -LSB- mɪksˈjɛzpɪtlɪk -RSB- , -LSB- ˈmɪksɪlplɪk -RSB- or -LSB- mɪksˈjɛzpɪtəlɪk -RSB- ) , sometimes called Mxy , is a fictional impish character who appears in DC Comics ' Superman comic books , sometimes as a supervillain and other times as an antihero . Mr. Mxyzptlk was created to appear in Superman # 30 ( Sept. 1944 ) , in the story `` The Mysterious Mr. Mxyzptlk '' , by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Ira Yarborough . But due to publishing lag time , the character saw print first in the Superman daily comic strip by writer Whitney Ellsworth and artist Wayne Boring . He is usually presented as a trickster , in the classical mythological sense , in that he possesses reality warping powers with which he enjoys tormenting Superman in a cartoonish way . In most of his appearances in DC Comics , he can be stopped only by tricking him into saying or spelling his own name backwards ( Kltpzyxm - `` kel-tip-zix-um '' ) , which will return him to his home in the 5th dimension and keep him there for a minimum of ninety days . However , this specific limitation of the character has been eliminated since the Crisis on Infinite Earths reboot , upon which the character leaves only when he willingly agrees to do so after meeting some conditions he sets , such as having Superman succeed in getting Mxyzptlk to paint his own face blue . In 2009 , Mister Mxyzptlk was ranked as IGN 's 76th-Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c61437d0b218778c0eda81a392a5cb5", "text": "List of The Batman characters The following is a list of characters that have appeared in the television series The Batman , which ran from September 11 , 2004 to March 22 , 2008 . The animation style bears a strong resemblance to that of Jackie Chan Adventures , since Jeff Matsuda was the chief character designer for both shows . Many of the supervillains who appear in the series , like the characters Joker , Penguin and Riddler , are very different from those of their comic counterparts ( especially through their designs ) . While many characters adapted from the mainstream DC comics appear , some of them only appeared in the show 's tie-in comic called The Batman Strikes . Characters that were planned for a guest appearance but ultimately did not appear were Wonder Woman , Bizarro , Vigilante , and Owlman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "280bfdcbf384fa55c96ab16147a8f27f", "text": "Pokémon the Movie: Kyurem vs. the Sword of Justice Pokémon the Movie : Kyurem vs. the Sword of Justice , originally released in Japan as is a 2012 Japanese anime film and the 15th Pokémon anime movie released . The movie was released on July 14 , 2012 in Japan . The movies features Kyurem , the Boundary Pokémon , as revealed during a preview shown at the end of the last movie Pokémon the Movie : Black -- Victini and Reshiram and White -- Victini and Zekrom , as well as Cobalion , Terrakion , and Virizion , the titular `` Sacred Swordsmen '' , before the introduction of the new Pokémon Keldeo . The movie also celebrates the 90th anniversary of the Japanese manga publisher Shogakukan , which published many Pokémon related works . The film was first broadcast in English on Cartoon Network in the United States on December 8 , 2012 . The movie was released on DVD in the U.S. on April 2 , 2013 by Viz Media . Universal released the movie on DVD in the UK on September 30 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afd983ce80863b7f14f0bfce0a9e7e68", "text": "All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman . The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' . The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint . Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' . With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d560e8dcb05755b26941aa8706f533d", "text": "Alternative versions of Lex Luthor The fictional character Lex Luthor has appeared in a number of media , always as the archenemy of Superman . Each version of the work typically establishes its own continuity , and sometimes introduces parallel universes , to the point where distinct differences in the portrayal of the character can be identified . In addition , the DC Universe has been rewritten a number of times , establishing additional versions of the character . This article details and lists various versions of Lex Luthor depicted in works including DC Comics Multiverse , Elseworlds , television and film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d09d340912842f7c90106e76f11f1010", "text": "Superman (Earth-Two) Superman of Earth-Two is an alternate version of the fictional superhero Superman , who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character was introduced after DC Comics created Earth-Two , a parallel world that was retroactively established as the home of characters whose adventures had been published in the Golden Age of comic books . This allowed creators to publish Superman comic books taking place in current continuity while being able to disregard Golden Age stories , solving an incongruity , as Superman had been published as a single ongoing incarnation since inception . The character first appeared in Justice League of America vol . 1 # 73 ( August 1969 ) , and his Kryptonian birth name is Kal-L .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18c0d84fb778741b9d2ae95ac24ee7a2", "text": "Batman: Mask of the Phantasm Batman : Mask of the Phantasm ( also known as Batman : The Animated Movie ) is a 1993 American animated neo-noir superhero mystery film feauring the DC Comics character Batman . Directed by Eric Radomski and Bruce Timm , it is based on the hit TV series Batman : The Animated Series and was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . The film was written by Alan Burnett , Paul Dini , Martin Pasko and Michael Reaves and stars the vocal talents of Kevin Conroy , Mark Hamill and Efrem Zimbalist , Jr. ( all reprising their roles from The Animated Series ) , in addition to Dana Delany , Hart Bochner , Stacy Keach , and Abe Vigoda . It revolves around Batman attempting to apprehend a mysterious vigilante who 's murdering Gotham City 's crime bosses . The film was originally thought of as a direct-to-video release . Warner Bros. ultimately decided for a theatrical release , giving the filmmakers a strenuous eight-month schedule . Mask of the Phantasm was released on December 25 , 1993 to widespread acclaim from critics , who praised the animation , voice performances , storyline and music , among others . However , due to the decision to release the film in theaters on such short notice , it failed at the box office . After its release on home video , the film found cult success and over the years developed a cult following . The film 's success led to two direct-to-video standalone sequels , Batman & Mr. Freeze : SubZero in 1997 and Mystery of the Batwoman in 2003 . In recent years , many publications including Time , IGN and WhatCulture , have ranked it as one of the best Batman films ever made and among the best animated films ever made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e0d8fdc0fbe4e2b3fee74e9e7c63619", "text": "Batman: Anarky Batman : Anarky is a 1999 trade paperback published by DC Comics . The book collects prominent appearances of Anarky , a comic book character created by Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle . Although all of the collected stories were written by Alan Grant , various artists contributed to individual stories . Dual introductions were written by the creatorsboth of whom introduce the character and give insight into their role in Anarky 's creation and development . Featured as an antagonist in various Batman comics during the '90s , stories based on the character were highly thematic , political , and philosophical in tone . The majority of the collected stories ( `` Anarky in Gotham City '' , `` Anarky : Tomorrow Belongs to Us '' , `` Anarky '' ) are influenced by the philosophy of anarchism , while the final story ( `` Metamorphosis '' ) is influenced by Frank R. Wallace . Although anti-statism is the overarching theme of the collection , other concepts are explored . Anarky 's characterization was expanded throughout the stories to present him first as a libertarian socialist and anarchist , and in the final story as a vehicle for explorations into atheism , rationalism , and bicameralism . Literary references are also utilized throughout the collected stories to stress the philosophical foundations of the character . The collection also tracks the character 's evolution from a petty , street-crime fighting vigilante , to a competent freedom fighter in opposition to powerful forces of evil . Critics have positively received some of the stories within the collection , analyzing Anarky as a unique force for political commentary and discussion within DC Comics ' storytelling . However , the expansive growth of the character 's unique abilities and characterization has also fueled criticism as having overpowered the character beyond suspension of disbelief .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dd54ffe1e7cc82d59a1f7b137215377", "text": "Aqua (Kingdom Hearts) , also known as , is a fictional character from Square Enix 's video game franchise Kingdom Hearts . Having first made cameo appearances in Kingdom Hearts II and its updated version Final Mix , Aqua is one of the three protagonists who is introduced in the 2010 prequel Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep . She is one of the Keyblade apprentices training under Master Eraqus alongside her friends Terra and Ventus . As Eraqus ' friend Master Xehanort leaves , Aqua and Terra are assigned to find him and defeat creatures known as the Unversed . She also appeared in other Kingdom Hearts titles , most notably Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue . Unlike Terra and Ventus , Aqua is the only protagonist who did not have a point of reference for Tetsuya Nomura to design from , and thus was designed from scratch . Later in the design process , Nomura became concerned that Aqua would not be popular , and this drove his decision to make her very distinct in her personal bravery and combat abilities . While her outfit design was based on Terra 's , her movements were chosen to distinguish her from other characters by having her specialize in magical combat . Aqua is voiced by Megumi Toyoguchi in Japanese and Willa Holland in English . Aqua received mixed reviews from game critics , citing boring plot lines and unenthusiastic voice acting combined with weak combat skills . With fans , Aqua was well received , and is one of Kingdom Hearts most popular characters . Nevertheless , her return in Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue has received positive response by critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752b17e55faaa8e62f978482e6eee6f0", "text": "Mortal Kombat Mortal Kombat is a video game franchise originally developed by Midway Games ' Chicago studio in 1992 . Following Midway 's bankruptcy , the Mortal Kombat development team was acquired by Warner Bros. and turned into NetherRealm Studios . Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment currently owns the rights of the franchise and rebooted it in 2011 . The development of the first game was originally based on an idea that Ed Boon and John Tobias had of making a video game starring Jean-Claude Van Damme , but as that idea fell through , a fantasy-horror themed fighting game titled Mortal Kombat was created instead . The original game has spawned many sequels and has spun a media franchise consisting of several action-adventure games , films ( animated and live-action with its own sequel ) , and television series ( animated and live-action ) . Other spin-offs include comic book series , a card game and a live-action tour . Along with Capcom 's Street Fighter and Bandai Namco 's Tekken , Mortal Kombat has become one of the most successful fighting franchises in the history of video games . , the franchise had generated $ 5 billion in revenue , making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The series has a reputation for high levels of bloody violence , including , most notably , its Fatalities ( finishing moves , requiring a sequence of button inputs to perform ) . The Fatalities , in part , led to the creation of the ESRB video game rating system . The series name itself is also known for using the letter `` K '' in place of `` C '' for the hard C sound , thus intentionally misspelling the word `` combat '' , as well as other words with the hard C sound within later games in the series . Early games in the series were also noted for its realistic digitized sprites ( which differentiated it from its contemporaries ' hand-drawn sprites ) and an extensive use of palette swapping to create new characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfae7907d472e4910c27e11f002f25b7", "text": "James Batman James Batman is a 1966 Filipino Batman/James Bond cinematic spoof produced by Jose O. Vera and released by Sampaguita Pictures . It stars the Philippine comedian Dolphy as Batman and James Bond and Boy Alano as `` Rubin '' ( Robin ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c063c063888d2d28b1eaff155dc8c6db", "text": "Batman: Year Two `` Year Two '' is the title of a four-part story arc featuring Batman , written by Mike W. Barr and illustrated by Alan Davis , Paul Neary , Alfredo Alcala , Mark Farmer and Todd McFarlane . It originally appeared in the American comic book Detective Comics # 575-578 , published by DC Comics . The story was initially a treatment by Barr titled `` Batman : 1980 '' , but it was released as `` Batman : Year Two '' following the success of Frank Miller 's `` Batman : Year One '' . This story was collected as a trade paperback in 1990 . In 2002 , DC Comics published a second printing of the trade paperback , this time with the addition of the one-shot sequel , Batman : Full Circle included , with the new edition retitled as Batman : Year Two - Fear The Reaper . Elements of the story were incorporated into the animated film Batman : Mask of the Phantasm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d3b270bef52e990563ef23ea24cabce", "text": "Batman: Year One (film) Batman : Year One is a 2011 animated superhero film , based on the four-issue story arc of the same name printed in 1987 . It premiered at Comic-Con on July 22 and was officially released October 18 , 2011 . The film was directed by Lauren Montgomery and Sam Liu . It is the 12th film released under the DC Universe Animated Original Movies banner , and was released on DVD , Blu-ray , and Digital copy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7a5a2cda2ca5d3ac3663e935d4d3bf", "text": "Batman: Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader? `` Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader ? '' is a 2009 story featuring the DC Comics character Batman . The story is published in two parts , in the `` final '' issues of the series Batman ( # 686 ) and Detective Comics ( # 853 ) , released February and April respectively . Written by Neil Gaiman , pencilled by Andy Kubert , and inked by Scott Williams , the story is purported to be the `` last '' Batman story in the wake of severe psychological trauma that Batman endures within the Batman R.I.P. story , and his ultimate fate in Final Crisis . The story 's title is a reference to the backup stories published in DC Comics Presents from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s ( which revisited various long-unused Golden Age and Silver Age characters ; these stories were all titled `` Whatever Happened to ( x ) ? '' ) akin to writer Alan Moore 's `` last '' Superman story Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow ? .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0363d7bafc65c170834b4fca89cb3584", "text": "Action Comics Action Comics is an American comic book series that introduced Superman , one of the first major superhero characters as the term is popularly defined . The publisher was originally known as National Allied Publications , and later as National Comics Publications and as National Periodical Publications , before taking on its current name of DC Comics . Its original incarnation ran from 1938 to 2011 and stands as one of the longest-running comic books with consecutively numbered issues . A second volume of Action Comics with issue # 1 ran from 2011 to 2016 . Action Comics returned to its original numbering beginning with issue # 957 ( Aug. 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
89640d1ceb2f39c0dc7d9fe514135a47	Daniel-Day Lewis had no nominations for awards.	[ { "docid": "d61a9da2986f1b7ef7dab2f934c0b2c4", "text": "Daniel Day-Lewis Sir Daniel Michael Blake Day-Lewis ( born 29 April 1957 ) is an English actor who holds both British and Irish citizenship . Born and raised in London , he excelled on stage at the National Youth Theatre , before being accepted at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School , which he attended for three years . Despite his traditional actor training at the Bristol Old Vic , he is considered to be a method actor , known for his constant devotion to and research of his roles . He often remains completely in character for the duration of the shooting schedules of his films , even to the point of adversely affecting his health . He is one of the most selective actors in the film industry , having starred in only five films since 1998 , with as many as five years between roles . Protective of his private life , he rarely gives interviews and makes very few public appearances . Day-Lewis shifted between theatre and film for most of the early 1980s , joining the Royal Shakespeare Company and playing Romeo in Romeo and Juliet and Flute in A Midsummer Night 's Dream , before appearing in the 1984 film The Bounty . He starred in My Beautiful Laundrette ( 1985 ) , his first critically acclaimed role , and gained further public notice with A Room with a View ( 1985 ) . He then assumed leading man status with The Unbearable Lightness of Being ( 1988 ) . One of the most acclaimed actors of his generation , Day-Lewis has earned numerous awards , including three Academy Awards for Best Actor for his performances in My Left Foot ( 1989 ) , There Will Be Blood ( 2007 ) and Lincoln ( 2012 ) , making him the only male actor in history to have three wins in the lead actor category and one of only three male actors to win three Oscars . He was also nominated in this category for In the Name of the Father ( 1993 ) and Gangs of New York ( 2002 ) . He has also won four BAFTA Awards for Best Actor , three Screen Actors Guild Awards and two Golden Globe Awards . In November 2012 , Time named Day-Lewis the `` World 's Greatest Actor . '' In June 2014 , he received a knighthood at Buckingham Palace for services to drama .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0", "text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3daaae8ce23225d01c335dbe3357855a", "text": "London International Awards The London International Awards , or LIA ( formerly known as London International Advertising Awards , LIAA ) , are a worldwide awards annually honoring `` pioneers , and embodiments of excellence '' in advertising , digital media , production , design , music & sound and branded entertainment . It was the first truly international advertising award of its kind to acknowledge all media and methods from all over the world to be judged by a diverse global jury .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a935357ad1dd4d5729209051f6c72d7", "text": "Eliot Lewis Eliot Lewis ( born March 10 , 1962 ) is an American rock , R&B and soul singer , keyboardist , guitarist , bassist , drummer , songwriter , and producer . He is best known for his work with Average White Band ( 1989-2002 ) and Hall & Oates ( 2003-present ) . Lewis is also an integral part of Live From Daryl 's House , a monthly Internet-based show hosted by Daryl Hall that is now carried by several television and cable networks across the United States . In addition , Lewis maintains his own work and solo career as a multi-instrumentalist and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cd95a30da1696c05691f234ec61b2b5", "text": "Don't Let Me Down (Leona Lewis song) `` Do n't Let Me Down '' is a song recorded by British singer-songwriter Leona Lewis for her second studio album Echo ( 2009 ) . Lewis co-wrote the song with Mike Elizondo , James Fauntleroy , Justin Timberlake and Robin Tadross . It was produced by The Y 's and co-produced by Elizondo . Lewis and Timberlake carried out the vocal production . Having wanted to work with Timberlake for a long time , the collaboration came to be after he had asked Lewis to perform at a charity concert he was holding in Las Vegas in October 2008 . It was reported that they were going to cover Dolly Parton 's song `` I Will Always Love You '' as a duet , however they worked together on new songs for Echo instead , and `` Do n't Let Me Down '' was created . Lewis revealed that her cover of `` Run '' inspired Timberlake . Lyrically , the song is about making difficult decisions in life and trying to take control of situations . The song garnered a mixed response from music critics . While Lewis ' vocal performance relieved unanimous praise , some felt that the track lacked any soul or emotion . Its production received comparisons to Timberlake 's songs `` Cry Me a River '' and `` What Goes Around ... Comes Around '' . Lewis has performed the song at Rock in Rio and it was included on her debut concert tour , The Labyrinth , and later on the accompanying DVD release , The Labyrinth Tour : Live from the O2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09551e69ac34e60adae141376a84bd37", "text": "List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards . The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c865b086a3607815cdb07fde783c4e06", "text": "Young Artist Award The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade bestowed by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically and/or financially challenged . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f01b199ae040e953d0947e197044bd5e", "text": "Kerry Film Festival The Kerry Film Festival is an annual music film festival in County Kerry , Republic of Ireland , taking place in October . The Kerry Film Festival is funded by Kerry County Council , Fáilte Ireland , the Ireland Funds as well as having corporate sponsorship . Kerry Film Festival was established in 2000 but remained a small regional festival throughout its first years , with a mere 1,700 attendees at the 2006 festival . Then , in 2007 , the festival exploded becoming the fastest growing festival in all of Ireland , with audiences increasing by nearly 600 % from 2006 to 2011 when its audience topped 10,000 for the first time . The main feature of the festival is a short film competition which focuses on young filmmakers . Past adjudicators of the Kerry Film Festival Short Film Competition have included Jeremy Irons , Liam Neeson , Michael Fassbender and Gabriel Byrne . The festival also screens feature films . In 2008 Kerry Film Festival instigated the Maureen O'Hara Award for women that have excelled in film and Brenda Fricker was the inaugural recipient . The award was presented to her by Jim Sheridan , who directed her in the Oscar-winning My Left Foot ( 1989 ) . In 2009 the award was presented to Rebecca Miller who was in Kerry to pick up the award with her husband , Daniel Day-Lewis at a ceremony with Dave Fanning as MC . In 2010 Maureen O'Hara attended the festival and presented the award in person to Juliette Binoche Fionnula Flanagan picked up the award in 2011 while Saoirse Ronan won the award in 2012 . KFF has previously featured successful short films such as the Oscar short-listed animation Head over Heels in 2012 , the 2014 Oscar winner Mr. Hublot and in 2015 the highly acclaimed Academy Award winner S t u t t e r e r by Ben Cleary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a1fc4a925ba0829eda896586a4c4503", "text": "Nick Meyer Nick Meyer is an American film producer . Meyer was the president of Paramount Vantage until December 2008 . In 2007 , with Meyer as co-head of Paramount , the Studio received 19 Academy Award nominations . Four of the Studio 's 2007 feature films were honored : There Will Be Blood , a Paramount Vantage and Miramax co-production , received eight nominations , winning Best Picture among others ; No Country for Old Men , also a Miramax and Paramount Vantage co-production , received eight nominations ; Into the Wild earned two nominations ; The Kite Runner garnered one nomination . At the 80th Academy Awards , Blood and No Country won a combined six awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture for No Country , the Academy Award for Best Actor for Daniel Day-Lewis in Blood , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Javier Bardem in No Country . Formerly , Meyer was the long-time president of Lionsgate International , a division of Lionsgate Studios . He is the head of Sierra Pictures , which he founded in 2009 . In 2010 , Meyer formed White Knuckle Pictures with Brett Ratner to develop and finance moderately priced action films . In 2011 , his Sierra Pictures merged with film sales company Affinity International to become Sierra/Affinity . He is a graduate of Wesleyan University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed0071482bbfb4a5b13c38c263d3d2ec", "text": "2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 . Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show . One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc244f952a59cb487e13aae41dca115c", "text": "Blake Lewis (EP) Blake Lewis is an EP by Blake Lewis , the runner-up on the sixth season of American Idol . It was released digitally on May 22 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31eeacd1bd9fc7c5f991d1e2fd085f7b", "text": "¡Dos! ¡ Dos ! is the tenth studio album by American punk rock band Green Day . The album was released on November 9 , 2012 in Australia , November 12 in the United Kingdom and on November 13 in the United States through Reprise Records . It is the second installment in the ¡ Uno ! ¡ Dos ! ¡ Tré ! trilogy . Following its predecessor 's power pop style , ¡ Dos ! was billed as Green Day 's take on garage rock . The album garnered the highest average reviews of all three trilogy albums , receiving generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its dynamic style and catchy songs ; others found its music dull and observed filler on the album . It debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 69,000 copies in the United States , a low for the band , becoming their first album since signing to a major record label to not sell 100,000 records in its first week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6933d477d50caa500b97180a49d0669b", "text": "Dan Lewis (American football) Daniel Nathan Lewis ( February 14 , 1936 -- March 6 , 2015 ) was an American football running back in the National Football League for the Detroit Lions , the Washington Redskins , and the New York Giants . He played college football at the University of Wisconsin and was drafted in the sixth round of the 1958 NFL Draft . Lewis played high school football at Freehold High School in Freehold Borough , New Jersey . He died in 2015 of complications from diabetes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3e5ec1cd3f4e7a9b318570c7820b9a", "text": "Black Reel Awards of 2012 The 2012 Black Reel Awards , which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature , independent and television films , took place in Washington , D.C. on February 9 , 2012 . While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine , The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated . Attack the Block and Shame were also multiple winners , with each winning two awards . Octavia Spencer , Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64e67de634462fcd55ee7262cef03df", "text": "Not My Presidents Day `` Not My Presidents Day '' ( sometimes `` Not My President 's Day '' , or `` Not My Presidents ' Day '' ) was a series of rallies against the President of the United States , Donald Trump , held on Washington 's Birthday ( an American federal holiday also known as Presidents ' Day ) , February 20 , 2017 . Protests were held in dozens of cities throughout the United States . Demonstrations were also held outside London 's Houses of Parliament , and in Orkney . The marches were mostly coordinated through Facebook . Organizers of the protest stated that although Trump was the president , they wanted to show that he did not represent their values . Los Angeles was the first city to plan a `` Not My Presidents Day '' rally , which was attended by more than a thousand protesters . New York City saw the largest demonstration , with an estimated 10,000 to 13,000 people attending a rally outside Trump International Hotel and Tower . The events were mostly peaceful , although thirteen people were arrested in Portland , Oregon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a0f369dd1a44c3a52f3c86937428191", "text": "Daniel Lewis (boxer) Daniel Lewis ( born 18 December 1993 ) is an Australian boxer . He competed in the men 's middleweight event at the 2016 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1649f5b669341ffd6b026c620e302d17", "text": "Michael V. Lewis Michael V. Lewis is an American CEO , entrepreneur and investor in media , entertainment and technology . After holding the position of Senior Vice President of InterMedia , a media investment banking and advisory company , he cofounded and was CEO of L-Squared Entertainment , an award winning digital entertainment studio . In 2003 , he cofounded and currently serves as CEO of RealD , a global licensor of visual and 3D technologies that maintains the largest 3D cinema platform in the world . Michael is also a Marquee Donor to the Motion Picture Television Fund and is a member of the City Year Los Angeles Board of Directors .", "title": "" } ]	fever
954f0c41a2ed591d6f10e33db9c10cfe	Ratatouille was produced by Brad Bird and Jan Pinkava.	[ { "docid": "98c22ec8a1be845119305ed4ca6800cc", "text": "Ratatouille (film) Ratatouille ( -LSB- rætəˈtuːiː -RSB- -LSB- ʁatatuj -RSB- ) is a 2007 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar and released by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . It is the eighth film produced by Pixar and was co-written and directed by Brad Bird , who took over from Jan Pinkava in 2005 . The title refers to a French dish , `` ratatouille '' , which is served at the end of the film and is also a play on words about the species of the main character . The film stars the voices of Patton Oswalt as Remy , an anthropomorphic rat who is interested in cooking ; Lou Romano as Linguini , a young garbage boy who befriends Remy ; Ian Holm as Skinner , the head chef of Auguste Gusteau 's restaurant ; Janeane Garofalo as Colette , a rôtisseur at Gusteau 's restaurant ; Peter O'Toole as Anton Ego , a restaurant critic ; Brian Dennehy as Django , Remy 's father and leader of his clan ; Peter Sohn as Emile , Remy 's older brother ; and Brad Garrett as Auguste Gusteau , a recently deceased chef . The plot follows Remy , who dreams of becoming a chef and tries to achieve his goal by forming an alliance with a Parisian restaurant 's garbage boy . Development of Ratatouille began in 2000 when Pinkava wrote the original concepts of the film . In 2005 , Bird was approached to direct the film and revise the story . Bird and some of the film 's crew members also visited Paris for inspiration . To create the food animation used in the film , the crew consulted chefs from both France and the United States . Bird also interned at Thomas Keller 's The French Laundry restaurant , where Keller developed the confit byaldi , a dish used in the film . Ratatouille premiered on June 22 , 2007 , at the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles , California , with its general release June 29 , 2007 , in the United States . The film grossed at the box office and received universal acclaim . The film later won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , among other honors .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0e37acaaffe0160832df33e0a0a86a92", "text": "Glitter in the Air `` Glitter in the Air '' is a song by American recording artist Pink from her fifth studio album , Funhouse . In 2010 , it was released as the sixth single in North America , the only place of its release . Written by Pink and Billy Mann and Michele Mears , the song is a pop ballad with a soft piano accompaniment . Its lyrics talk about the power of love and taking a leap in faith , while using various metaphors . `` Glitter in the Air '' received mixed reviews from contemporary critics : some named it the best vocal performance of Funhouse , while others criticized it for being a cliché ballad . `` Glitter in the Air '' debuted at number 18 and 13 in the United States and Canada , respectively . In the United States , the song marked the first time Pink had five singles from one album chart on the Billboard Hot 100 . The song was notably performed by Pink as part of her 2009 Funhouse Tour with her wearing a bodysuit and doing acrobatics using aerial tissue . A similar version of this performance was done at the 2010 Grammy Awards , where her performance received a standing ovation and was critically praised by media outlets . A similar version of these performances was also performed on The Truth About Love Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ddfe23ef8718dede1600f891bbb8d8f", "text": "Maurice Paquin Maurice Paquin , ( born in June 1947 in Dauphin , Manitoba , Canada ) , is a Franco-Manitoban comedian and singer . In 1959 Paquin completed Provencher Elementary School in St. Boniface , Manitoba and High School in 1963 at West Hill Collegiate High School in Toronto , Ontario . In 1967 he earned a Baccalaureat en Arts at Université de Montréal followed by a Bachelor of Science degree at McGill University in 1970 . The following three years were spent in San Gerardo de Dota , Costa Rica , where his first daughter Ligia Rosairis was born in 1972 . Marisol Denieve , his second daughter , was born in Montreal in 1974 ; Maurice worked as Marketing Analyst for Miracle Mart ( 1975 ) and Val Royal LaSalle Building Materials ( 1976 ) . In 1983 he wrote , composed and recorded the musical album La Garantie , with hits such as `` Ya Rien Là '' , `` Motel Henry '' , and `` Maman , Maman '' . Over the next fifteen years , Paquin performed thousands of shows throughout Quebec , Canada and the United States ; appeared in hundreds of television variety shows and commercials , and starred in the CBC short film `` Buried Treasure '' . In 2000 , he obtained an International Concierge Diploma at the ICI Institute in Montreal , Quebec , which led him to work as Chief Concierge in South Florida hotels such as the Ritz Carlton Coconut Grove , the Bentley Beach , Le Meridien , the Mutiny , Quantum on the Bay and 500 Brickell West in Miami , Florida . He is now Housekeeping Supervisor at Mont Tremblant Ski Resort in Quebec .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c6d7ec405bb7c3de41cd30332044ef", "text": "Jack Norton (filmmaker) Jack Norton is an American filmmaker , television producer , musician , songwriter and producer . He is the director of the 2015 film Jug Band Hokum . He is best known as the co-creator of the Emmy Award winning preschool television show and brand , ( The Zinghoppers ) . He co-directed and co-stars in the PBS show , `` Totally , Zinghoppers ! '' Norton is of Dutch and French descent . He grew up in a musical family . His baby sitter was Tiny Tim , who gave Norton his first ukulele . Blues singer Leon Redbone taught Norton how to play guitar and authors Nick Tosches and Hubert Selby , Jr. were family friends . After high school , Norton studied Early Childhood Education and his experience as a preschool teacher helped form the educational principals found in the Zinghoppers music . Norton 's senior thesis ( entitled , `` The Childhood Dignity Movement '' ) , helped form the Zinghoppers core goals of `` educating , entertaining and engaging '' young children . While in college , Norton 's love of hip-hop culture and dance music led him to attend raves and underground rap house parties . Electro , hip-hop , Disney pop and dance music serves as the basis of Norton 's musical influences . The Nortons moved to Nashville , Tennessee in 2009 to begin production of `` Totally , Zinghoppers ! '' , a series for public television . In 2015 Norton announced his directorial debut with Jug Band Hokum , a documentary film that stars Brooklynd Turner and Anne Baggenstoss and follows the lives of band members competing in the Minneapolis Annual Battle of the Jug Bands . Guests appearing in the film include Garrison Keillor ( of Prairie Home Companion fame ) , Bone Thugs-N-Harmony and others . In 2017 it was announced Norton 's next film will be Wendigosis , a feature length horror film . Four songs written and performed by Jack Norton and Kitty Norton are included in The Florida Project a 2017 film by Sean Baker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3a0cfcdebbe9867ae9709335550a9df", "text": "Mutato Muzika Mutato Muzika is an American music production company established and owned by Devo co-founder and lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh in 1989 . The name is a portmanteau of the words mutant and potato , which is a nod to Devo 's fanbase which are called Spuds . While Devo members Mark Mothersbaugh , Gerald Casale and Bob Mothersbaugh , with drummer Josh Freese , often meet , rehearse and confer in its West Hollywood , California studio facilities , Mutato Muzika is a full-service music production company . Until his death in 2014 , Bob Casale served as a producer/engineer there . Mutato Muzika has produced music for many films , including Rushmore , The Royal Tenenbaums , The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou , Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen , 13 , Lords of Dogtown , Nick & Norah 's Infinite Playlist , Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs , and Catfish . Television music includes Rugrats , Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue ! , Pee-wee 's Playhouse , Big Love , Eureka , Shameless , Enlightened and Regular Show . Mutato Muzika-produced video game scores include Crash Bandicoot and The Sims . Mutato Muzika also provides music for commercials , including spots for Apple 's PC vs. Mac , Martini & Rossi 's George Clooney/Giorgio , and Logitech . The company is housed in a round bright green building at 8760 West Sunset Boulevard . The building is rumored to have been designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer ( although no architect 's name is listed on the building permit ) , modeling the exterior after The Forum in Inglewood , California , former home of the NBA 's Los Angeles Lakers and NHL 's Los Angeles Kings . Previously known as `` The Beauty Pavillion '' , it was built in 1967 for plastic surgeon Dr. Richard Alan Franklyn , who wanted the roof to have skylights in order to illuminate the operating room in the center of the structure . The building was painted green after Mothersbaugh took ownership of it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "162a8d5772266b2bd3e0c2a33afdd78d", "text": "Andrew Form Andrew Form is an American film producer , best known for producing the films Friday the 13th , Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , and The Purge . He is the co-founder of company Platinum Dunes along with Michael Bay and Brad Fuller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c5c52c26a64c27c33e9695a187feccb", "text": "L'Affaire Dumont L'Affaire Dumont is a Canadian drama film , released in 2012 . Written by Danielle Dansereau and directed by Daniel `` Podz '' Grou , the film stars Marc-André Grondin as Michel Dumont , a divorced young father of two who is accused of a sexual assault he did not commit . The film 's cast also includes Geneviève Brouillette , Patrick Hivon and Marilyn Castonguay . The film garnered seven Canadian Screen Awards nominations at the 1st Canadian Screen Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Grondin ) , Best Actress in a Leading Role ( Castonguay ) , Best Art Direction and Production Design ( André Guimond ) , Best Editing ( Valérie Héroux ) , Best Sound Editing ( Pierre-Jules Audet , Michelle Cloutier , Thierry Bourgault D'Amico , Nathalie Fleurant and Cédrick Marin ) and Best Make-Up ( Marlène Rouleau and André Duval ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90ea72a560ab1a4e886473573a17f895", "text": "The Critic The Critic is an American prime time animated series revolving around the life of New York film critic Jay Sherman , voiced by actor Jon Lovitz . It was created by writing partners Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously worked as writers and showrunners ( seasons 3 and 4 ) on The Simpsons . The Critic had 23 episodes produced , first broadcast on ABC in 1994 , and finishing its original run on Fox in 1995 . According to PopMatters , `` the creators -LSB- said -RSB- they intended the series as their ` love letter to New York . ' '' Episodes featured movie parodies with notable examples including a musical version of Apocalypse Now , Howard Stern 's End ( Howards End ) , Honey , I Ate the Kids ( Honey , I Shrunk the Kids/The Silence of the Lambs ) , The Cockroach King ( The Lion King ) , Abe Lincoln : Pet Detective ( Ace Ventura : Pet Detective ) , Scent of a Jackass and Scent of a Wolfman ( Scent of a Woman ) . The show often referenced popular movies such as Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory and The Godfather , and routinely lampooned actor Marlon Brando and actor/director Orson Welles . They also spoofed Dudley Moore , usually as his character Arthur Bach from the 1981 film Arthur . Despite the ratings improving , The Critic was cancelled after two seasons . It continued to air through reruns on Comedy Central and then on Locomotion . From February 1 , 2000 to 2001 , ten webisodes were later produced using Adobe Shockwave , and were broadcast on AtomFilms.com and Shockwave.com . In 2004 , the DVD box set was released , which includes all 23 TV episodes ( in their original production order ) and the webisodes . In the late 2000s , reruns of the show aired again on ReelzChannel in the US and on Teletoon 's programming block Teletoon at Night in Canada . As of 2016 , the first season can be viewed for free on Crackle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21aab0c3bdfda32c53d1b2a630514d47", "text": "Sunshine Days `` Sunshine Days '' is the eighteenth and penultimate episode of the ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files , and the series ' 200th episode overall . It originally aired on the Fox network on May 12 , 2002 . The entry was written and directed by executive producer Vince Gilligan . The episode is a `` monster-of-the-week '' episode , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the mythology , or overarching fictional history , of The X-Files . `` Sunshine Days '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 6.2 , was viewed by 6.5 million households , and 10.4 million viewers in its initial broadcast . It received mixed reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files ; this season focuses on the investigations of John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) , and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) . In this episode , Doggett , Reyes , Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) and Scully stumble on to a bizarre murder case where the main suspect is a man with an unusual obsession for The Brady Bunch . Despite their initial differences -- both in investigative style and love of The Brady Bunch -- the four of them soon learn that the man 's telekinetic ability is the ultimate , undeniable proof of an X-File . The episode marked Gilligan 's second directorial effort , after season seven 's `` Je Souhaite '' . The Brady Bunch house set featured in the episode was completely rebuilt . According to Anderson , people came `` from all over Los Angeles '' to get their pictures taken on the set . In addition , it contained several elaborate effects . `` Sunshine Days '' was the final `` monster-of-the-week '' entry in the series ; the series finale , `` The Truth '' would deal with the series ' overarching alien colonization mythology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1fb19dc6cf7273706e92ea62b484868", "text": "Gerry Anderson Gerry Anderson , MBE ( born Gerald Alexander Abrahams ; 14 April 1929 -- 26 December 2012 ) was an English television and film producer , director , writer and occasional voice artist . He remains famous for his futuristic television programmes , especially his 1960s productions filmed with `` Supermarionation '' ( marionette puppets containing electric moving parts ) . Anderson 's first television production was the 1957 Roberta Leigh children 's series The Adventures of Twizzle . Supercar ( 1961 -- 62 ) and Fireball XL5 ( 1962 ) followed later , both series breaking into the US television market in the early 1960s . In the mid-1960s Anderson produced his most successful series , Thunderbirds . Other television productions of the 1960s include Stingray and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons . Anderson also wrote and produced several feature films whose box office performance was unexceptional . Following a shift towards live action productions in the 1970s , he had a long and successful association with media impresario Lew Grade and Grade 's company ITC , continuing until the second series of Space : 1999 . After a career lull when a number of new series concepts failed to get off the ground , his career began a new phase in the early 1980s when audience nostalgia for his earlier Supermarionation series ( prompted by Saturday morning re-runs in Britain and Australia ) led to new Anderson productions being commissioned . Later projects include a 2005 CGI remake of Captain Scarlet entitled Gerry Anderson 's New Captain Scarlet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25e43d9cad776448f730882889e34bf9", "text": "Quartier Pigalle Pigalle ( -LSB- pi.ɡal -RSB- ) is an area in Paris around the Place Pigalle , on the border between the 9th and the 18th arrondissements . It is named after the sculptor Jean-Baptiste Pigalle ( 1714 -- 1785 ) . Pigalle is famous for being a tourist district , with many sex shops , theatres and adult shows on Place Pigalle and the main boulevards . The neighbourhood 's raunchy reputation led to its Second World War nickname of `` Pig Alley '' by Allied soldiers . The Divan du Monde and the Moulin Rouge , a world-famous cabaret , are both located in Pigalle . The area to the south of Place Pigalle is devoted to the retail of musical instruments and equipment , especially for popular music . A section of the rue de Douai consists solely of stores selling guitars , drums and musical accessories . Henri Toulouse-Lautrec 's studio was here . Artists such as Pablo Picasso , Vincent van Gogh and Maurice Neumont also once lived here as did Andre Breton , and in 1928 Josephine Baker opened her first night club next door to Breton 's apartment . The works of artist Salvador Dalí can be seen at the nearby Espace Dalí . It was also the home of the Grand Guignol theatre , which closed in 1962 . However , the theatre itself still stands . The Musée de l'érotisme ( Museum of Eroticism ) can also be found here . Pigalle is well known to tourists who want to experience `` Paris by night '' . It is home to some of Paris ' most famous cabarets ( the Moulin Rouge , for instance , was immortalised by artist Toulouse-Lautrec as well as Hollywood ) , as well as topless and nude shows . Pigalle is one end-point of the Montmartrobus ( a public bus serving the area ) , or you can get to the Place Pigalle by taking the Métro to the Pigalle stop . American-born jazz singer Adelaide Hall lived in Pigalle in 1937 -- 1938 and opened her nightclub La Grosse Pomme ( `` the Big Apple '' ) at 73 Rue Pigalle . Other nightclubs in Rue Pigalle during the late 1930s included the Moon Rousse and Caravan where Django Reinhardt played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66cb6dca2e6848ff5bf891358677059d", "text": "Holland (album) Holland is the 19th studio album by the American rock group the Beach Boys , released on January 8 , 1973 . Self-produced by the band , the album peaked at number 36 in the US and number 20 in the UK . The album is the last to feature Blondie Chaplin and Ricky Fataar , who joined the band the previous year to record Carl and the Passions - So Tough ( 1972 ) . Holland was mostly recorded in Baambrugge , Netherlands over the summer of 1972 using a reconstructed studio sent from California , and with two Brian Wilson tracks rush-recorded in Los Angeles and added to the album at the last minute . The photograph on the album 's front cover is an upside down image of the Kromme Waal , a canal that runs through the center of Amsterdam . Holland included a bonus EP , Mount Vernon and Fairway ( A Fairy Tale ) , a musical fairy tale written by Brian Wilson about a magical transistor radio who appears to a young prince . Narration was provided by the group 's manager : Jack Rieley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0677c91e50899ad67a2bcfd351ade50d", "text": "Andrew Bird Andrew Wegman Bird ( born July 11 , 1973 ) is an American musician , songwriter , and multi-instrumentalist . He was initially known through his work with the band Squirrel Nut Zippers before forming Bowl of Fire , and is now best known as a solo musician . Bird 's primary instrument is the violin , but he is also proficient at other instruments including whistling , guitar , and the glockenspiel . He wrote `` The Whistling Caruso '' for The Muppets and performed the whistling heard in both the film and the soundtrack . Bird composed the score for the FX series Baskets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a861558992117c65c8c4a928bc9d9a", "text": "Mr. Dress Up (album) Mr. Dress Up was a Canadian children 's album spin-off of the TV series Mr. Dressup . Performed by Ernie Coombs ( as his TV character , Mr. Dressup ) and Judith Lawrence ( as the puppet character `` Casey '' ) , it was recorded in Studio G , at CBC Toronto . The recording engineers were Stan Horobin and Bruce Ritchie , and its executive producer was Jury Krytiuk . All music for the album was arranged and conducted by Donald Hines . The album is in two parts : Side 1 consists of a storyline ( roughly the length of a regular TV episode ) in which Mr. Dressup , Casey , and Finnegan the dog ( Finnegan , being a non-speaking character on TV , is not actually heard on the record ) take shelter in a newly built playhouse during a thunderstorm and amuse themselves by singing songs and playing games . Side 2 is a selection of children 's songs performed by Mr. Dressup and Casey . The album was issued by the CBC , the TV network that aired Mr. Dressup , and distributed by Dominion Records . Its label number was LM-66 . No date information is provided on the album cover or record label , but likely dates to the late 1960s or early 1970s . The album was re-released as Mr. Dress-Up . It was manufactured and distributed by Total Recording . Its label number was TRC 607 . Despite the album being produced by the CBC , it has never been issued with the correctly formatted title of the TV series . Other children 's albums distributed featuring CBC characters of the same period include `` Songs of ` Chez Helene ' '' and `` The Friendly Giant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d87afdbf68bd9d3235aa48e5e4b068d8", "text": "Sarah Bird Sarah Bird is an American novelist , screenwriter , and journalist . She was born in 1949 in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Her father was an officer in the US Air Force , and her family ( a `` Catholic family of eight '' ) , including her mother , Colista Bird , travelled with him around the US and the world during her childhood . Sarah 's mother recognized signs of her daughter 's creative storytelling talent as young as kindergarten . She attended the University of New Mexico , earning a BA there in 1973 . Moving to the University of Texas at Austin , she went on to receive an MA in journalism there in 1976 . She is married to George Jones , and has one son , Gabriel Bird-Jones , born in 1989 . The family lives in Austin , Texas . During the mid-eighties , Bird was a founding contributing-editor to Austin 's Third Coast Magazine , for which she wrote numerous feature and humor articles . Bird 's first published novel was Do Evil Cheerfully , a mystery ( as Sarah McCabe Bird ) . In 1986 , her comic novel Alamo House was published based on her experience as a graduate student at the University of Texas . Bird wrote the screenplay for the movie Do n't Tell Her It 's Me ( 1990 , starring Shelley Long and Steve Guttenberg ) , adapting the Boyfriend School novel . The Boyfriend School and The Mommy Club , published by Ballantine in 1989 and 1991 , respectively , were both humorous novels drawing on Bird 's life experiences . In addition to novels , Bird has written screenplays for television and magazine articles for national women 's magazines . She writes a column for Texas Monthly . Virgin of the Rodeo was published in 1999 . Bird was named Austin 's best author in 2001 by the Austin Chronicle , the year she also published The Yokota Officers Club , a novel that draws on her experiences as military brat . She has also written screenplays for the National Geographic Channel and Hallmark , as well as the CBS movie Yesterday 's Children . Another novel , The Flamenco Academy , came out in 2006 . A new novel , How Perfect Is That , was published by Knopf in June 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f17e06a926de79a1ea38b53fd43c2e02", "text": "Brad J. Lamb Brad J. Lamb is a Canadian real estate broker and condominium developer . He had a reality television show named Big City Broker on the HGTV network for several years . The show focused on the workings of his real estate brokerage , `` Brad J. Lamb Realty Inc. . '' Lamb was born in Vancouver , BC , Canada . His father was an Air Canada pilot and his mother a registered nurse . In 1967 , the family moved to Montreal , where they settled in the Beaconsfield neighbourhood . Lamb attended Queen 's University , where he obtained a degree in engineering . Lamb purchased his first property in London , Ontario in 1984 . Early on , Lamb noted how much his real estate agent was earning on his property deals . A few years after his graduation , bored with his engineering sales position , he obtained his real estate license . Lamb went to work for Harry Stinson 's real estate company in 1988 and became a specialist in selling condominiums in central Toronto . He quickly became Stinson 's top agent , making $ 250,000 in his first year . In 1995 , he left Stinson to start his own firm , Brad J. Lamb Realty . In 2001 , Lamb founded Lamb Development Corporation . It specializes in high style condominium projects , such as Flatiron Lofts , Worklofts , Glas , Parc , King Charlotte , Gotham Ottawa , The Harlowe , Theatre Park and Brant Park . The company has spread beyond Toronto to build and develop structures in Ottawa , Montreal , Calgary , Edmonton and Hamilton . Despite the boutique-style size , his agency became one of the most prominent sellers of condominiums in Toronto . In 2007 , at the height of the property boom , his company 's agents sold some 2,000 condos worth over $ 800 million . When the market slowed in 2008 , the firm still moved about $ 525 million in real estate . According to Lamb 's website , his agents have sold over 22,000 condominiums for over $ 8 billion as of 2016 . Lamb is known for his billboards , particularly a 2007 series of ads that depicted a lamb with Lamb 's head and the slogan `` This Lamb Sells Condos . '' He has become `` a household name in Toronto '' and is often featured in the media as a real estate expert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55697621063e2e4497204ef01cf612f6", "text": "Paul Caplin Paul Caplin ( born 31 December 1954 , London ) studied as a mathematician at Imperial College , London and Cambridge University . His varied career has spanned pop music , filmmaking and information technology . He began his musical career in his early twenties in New Romantic rock group Animal Magnet , and co-wrote their dance song Welcome to the Monkey House ( 1981 ) . Animal Magnet supported Duran Duran on their first national tour . Caplin left Animal Magnet to become the ` secret mastermind ' behind the 1980s avant-garde new wave pop project Haysi Fantayzee , the other members being Jeremy Healy and Caplin 's then girlfriend , Kate Garner . Their music combined reggae , country and electro with political and sociological lyrics couched as nursery rhymes . Haysi Fantayzee combined an extreme clothes sense -- described as blending white Rasta , tribal chieftain and Dickensian styles -- with a quirky musical sound comparable to other new wave musical pop acts of the era , such as Bow Wow Wow , Adam and the Ants and Bananarama . The group disbanded after releasing three hit singles , and an album that went gold . Caplin then launched his own record label , The Love Organization . This had success with Marilyn , an androgynous singer who became popular during the mid-1980s vogue for sexually ambivalent pop stars . Caplin managed Marilyn and co-wrote his hit songs . Caplin has also been involved in the computer hardware and software industries and in film production . In 1994 , he was executive producer of Pavarotti in Confidence with Peter Ustinov for the BBC . In 2000 Caplin founded software company Caplin Systems Ltd , and served as its chief executive and chairman until 2015 . In 2001 he received an Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year award and the company was featured in the Sunday Times ' Tech Track 100 in both 2002 and 2009 as one of the fastest-growing technology firms in Britain . In 2015 Caplin Systems was acquired by Ion Capital Management . Caplin is married to singer Zeeteah Massiah , with whom he writes and produces music . They have released two albums together : Juice ( 2014 ) and Maybe Tomorrow ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "388a8ad3181b5b4f4103109a989a0a03", "text": "Patrice Ledoux Patrice Ledoux is a French film producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "085fc4df9a43691255156e06c5062603", "text": "Pro Co RAT The Pro Co `` The RAT '' is a guitar effects pedal produced by Pro Co Sound . The original RAT was developed in the basement of Pro Co 's Kalamazoo , Michigan facility in 1978 . Numerous variations of the original RAT pedal are still being produced today . The basic RAT has changed in appearance over the years , but its tone has remained largely the same . Pro Co has also introduced tonal variations of the RAT , including the Turbo RAT , and You Dirty RAT , among others . The Pro Co RAT became very popular in the early 1980s , thanks in part to fame gained by its use by several artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471dfc6f1e5e254d72aa1a99f2ba9a19", "text": "Beaver & Krause Beaver & Krause were a musical duo made up of Paul Beaver and Bernie Krause . Their 1967 album The Nonesuch Guide to Electronic Music was a pioneering work in the electronic music genre . Beaver introduced Monkees singer-drummer Micky Dolenz to the Moog , which became a featured instrument on the fourth Monkees album , Pisces , Aquarius , Capricorn & Jones Ltd. , and Beaver himself performed on one track , `` Star Collector '' in 1967 . In addition , he led workshops at the Beaver & Krause LA studio attended by a who 's who of film composers and session keyboardists of the time . In June 1967 , Beaver and Krause set up a booth at the Monterey Pop Festival , demonstrating their newly purchased electronic synthesiser , one of the first constructed by Bob Moog . Thanks to their demonstrations of the Moog at Monterey , Beaver and Krause also introduced the instrument to a number of other leading American pop acts including The Doors , Simon & Garfunkel and The Byrds , helping to create the vogue for the Moog that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Krause introduced the instrument first to Sir George Martin , producer of the Beatles , and then to George Harrison during Harrison 's 1968 visit to California while producing the Apple artist , Jackie Lomax . He used it to generate his 1969 free-form solo Electronic Sound album for Apple Records ' spinoff label Zapple , with the first side of the disc consisting of not only Krause 's composition , but also his performance -- one that remained completely unacknowledged and uncompensated for . In 1968 , Beaver and Krause released an album for Mercury Records imprint Limelight Records , Ragnarok , then released a series of three albums for Warner Brothers Records , In a Wild Sanctuary ( 1970 ) , Gandharva ( 1971 ) and All Good Men ( 1972 ) , effectively creating both the electronica and New Age musical movements . The final chord of the track `` Spaced '' from their album , In a Wild Sanctuary , is abnormally similar to the later synthesizer THX Sound Logo heard for years in movie theaters and named deep note . The THX performance conveniently begins on the same first note ( a G pedal tone ) , splits into an 8-tone glissando with four notes rising and four descending , and ends on the same open ( D Major ) chord . Despite THX 's contention that it was not directly influenced by Beaver and Krause , no other musical rendering of that kind can be found over the entire course of musical history . Both Mike Bloomfield and Ronnie Montrose played guitar on the Beaver & Krause song `` Saga Of The Blue Beaver '' . The duo ended with Beaver 's premature death in January , 1975 , at age 49 . Krause released at least two more solo albums : Citadels of Mystery in 1979 and Gorillas in the Mix in 1988 . He also scored music and/or effects for many movies like Apocalypse Now on synthesizer . In 1995 Krause released an album of Holiday music with Phil Aaberg composed entirely of sampled animal noises recorded in the wild titled A Wild Christmas . Since earning his Ph.D. in Creative ( Sound ) Arts with an internship in bioacoustics ( 1981 ) , Krause has specialized almost exclusively in the recording and archiving of natural soundscapes from wild habitats worldwide and has been a major influence in the introduction to bioacoustics of the fields of soundscape ecology and ecoacoustics . In 2014 , Krause collaborated with Richard Blackford , former composer-in-residence at Balliol College Oxford , to compose a symphony titled , The Great Animal Orchestra Symphony for Orchestra and Wild Soundscapes , commissioned and performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales . Echoing the pioneering ecoacoustic approach in Beaver & Krause 's In A Wild Sanctuary , the symphony featured the first full orchestration combining wild soundscapes performed live as a component of orchestration . In 2015 , Blackford and Krause were commissioned by the Alonzo King LINES Ballet , an internationally known corps based in San Francisco , to score the ballet , Biophony , which premiered in April of that year .", "title": "" } ]	fever
456dfffa06df3fcc08f771d1c5a4aa03	Paul McCartney married multiple times.	[ { "docid": "7094bda101fbb78851d3409018b2a258", "text": "Paul McCartney Sir James Paul McCartney , ( born 18 June 1942 ) is an English singer-songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , and composer . He gained worldwide fame as the bass guitarist and singer for the rock band the Beatles , widely considered the most popular and influential group in the history of pop music . His songwriting partnership with John Lennon is the most celebrated of the post-war era . After the band 's break-up , he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife , Linda , and Denny Laine . McCartney has been recognised as one of the most successful composers and performers of all time . More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song `` Yesterday '' , making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history . Wings ' 1977 release `` Mull of Kintyre '' is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK . A two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ( as a member of the Beatles in 1988 , and as a solo artist in 1999 ) , and a 21-time Grammy Award winner , McCartney has written , or co-written , 32 songs that have reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 , and he has 25.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States . McCartney , Lennon , Harrison and Starr all received The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in 1965 , and in 1997 , McCartney was knighted for services to music . McCartney has released an extensive catalogue of songs as a solo artist and has composed classical and electronic music . He has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to such subjects as animal rights , seal hunting , land mines , vegetarianism , poverty , and music education . He has married three times and is the father of five children .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b2c7bd99483ee751c6a7675c708c5a63", "text": "St Paul's Cathedral St Paul 's Cathedral , London , is an Anglican cathedral , the seat of the Bishop of London and the mother church of the Diocese of London . It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade 1 listed building . Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site , founded in AD 604 . The present cathedral , dating from the late 17th century , was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren . Its construction , completed in Wren 's lifetime , was part of a major rebuilding programme in the City after the Great Fire of London . The cathedral is one of the most famous and most recognisable sights of London . Its dome , framed by the spires of Wren 's City churches , dominated the skyline for 300 years . At 365 ft high , it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1967 . The dome is among the highest in the world . St Paul 's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom after Liverpool Cathedral . St Paul 's Cathedral occupies a significant place in the national identity . It is the central subject of much promotional material , as well as of images of the dome surrounded by the smoke and fire of the Blitz . Services held at St Paul 's have included the funerals of Lord Nelson , the Duke of Wellington , Sir Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher ; jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria ; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars ; the wedding of Charles , Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer ; the launch of the Festival of Britain ; and the thanksgiving services for the Silver , Golden and Diamond Jubilees and the 80th and 90th birthdays of Elizabeth II . St Paul 's Cathedral is a working church with hourly prayer and daily services . The tourist entry fee at the door is # 18 for adults ( March 2017 , cheaper online ) , but no charge is made to worshippers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "078ff74c3fd0202239bac985e91e9536", "text": "Let's Get Married Let 's Get Married may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c22419182da1edf5a8afde44f2c037ea", "text": "The Greatest Hits (Lulu album) The Greatest Hits is a 2003 Lulu album charting her 40-year career in music from 1964 's UK top-ten hit `` Shout '' through 2002 's `` We 've Got Tonight , '' a UK top-five duet with Ronan Keating . It also covers everything in between , including her 1967 US 1 Hit `` To Sir With Love '' , the 1969 Eurovision Song Contest winner `` Boom Bang-a-Bang '' , the 1974 James Bond theme `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' , and the 1993 UK No. 1 Hit `` Relight My Fire '' ( a duet with Take That ) . The album combines her UK hits such as `` The Boat That I Row '' and `` The Man Who Sold The World '' , as well as her successful singles in the US like `` Oh Me Oh My ( I 'm A Fool For You Baby ) '' and `` I Could Never Miss You ( More Than I Do ) '' . Tracks from her 2002 album Together are also featured , including duets with Elton John and Sting . The final track , `` First Of May '' is a duet with her former husband Maurice Gibb , taken from her `` An Audience With Lulu '' ITV television special , making it the only song which debuted on the CD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fd063a0dce1c751322ebe6da64e5a17", "text": "Fireman Radio Fireman Radio was a limited-run channel on Sirius XM Radio , devoted to the music of Paul McCartney . The channel aired from February 14-March 13 , 2009 on Sirius channel 33 and XM channel 27 , temporarily pre-empting the soft-rock channel The Bridge . The commercial-free Fireman Radio was launched in celebration of McCartney 's new album , Electric Arguments , and featured music from the records of McCartney himself , Wings , and the three albums created by the Fireman , as well as some surprises . It also featured a new , in-depth interview with McCartney and periodic `` fireside chats , '' where the singer would speak his thoughts on cultural matters like politics , current events , music , and other assorted topics . Sirius XM also featured exclusive video clips from the McCartney interview on the Fireman Radio website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23868457db777a6bcb07e660c3100d12", "text": "Linda McCartney Linda Louise , Lady McCartney ( née Eastman ; formerly See ; September 24 , 1941 -- April 17 , 1998 ) was an American musician , photographer , animal rights activist , entrepreneur and publisher who was married to Paul McCartney of the Beatles . Prior to marrying Paul , she was a professional photographer of celebrities and contemporary musicians , with her work published in music industry magazines . Her photos were also published in the book Linda McCartney 's Sixties : Portrait of an Era , in 1992 . Linda married McCartney in 1969 at St John 's Wood Church in London . Her daughter , Heather Louise , from her first marriage to Melville See , was adopted by her new husband . Together , the McCartneys had three other children . In 1971 , after they married and following the break-up of the Beatles the previous year , Paul and Linda McCartney recorded the album Ram . Shortly afterwards , they formed the band Wings . She continued to be part of her husband 's touring band following Wings ' break-up in 1981 up until The New World Tour in 1993 . She was an animal rights activist and wrote and published several vegetarian cookbooks , and founded the Linda McCartney Foods company with her husband . In 1995 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and died from the disease in 1998 at the age of 56 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "176870ae8a3acb4a5df4ec199247992e", "text": "A Leaf A Leaf is a classical piece written by Paul McCartney , with assistance from John Fraser , and performed by Anya Alexeyev on piano . The piece is split into 7 parts . The piece was recorded live in front of Prince Charles as part of the `` An Evening with Paul McCartney & Friends '' concert on 23 March 1995 at Royal College of Music , while it was debuted on US radio as part of a radio special , titled Classical McCartney . An attempted orchestrated version was recorded on 23 July 1996 , at AIR Studios , in London . An extended version , performed by the London Symphony Orchestra , appears on McCartney 's 1999 album , Working Classical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f63571fa8fa1344eaeb1c2eadde14c97", "text": "John Paul (given name) John Paul may refer to : John Paul Jones ( disambiguation ) John Paul Stevens , US Supreme Court Justice John Paul Young , Scottish born Australian singer John Paul Getty , Jr. . John Paul Getty III lists many more", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5784460fab954607c55204fad19a555b", "text": "The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 . The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album . The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . '' Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album . Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17127a9c0077d7912b8aacffa36bb2f6", "text": "Yoko Ono Yoko Ono ( born February 18 , 1933 ) is a Japanese multimedia artist , singer , songwriter , and peace activist who is also known for her work in performance art and filmmaking . She performs in both English and Japanese . She is the second wife and widow of singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles . Ono grew up in Tokyo and studied at Gakushuin . She withdrew from her course after two years and rejoined her family in New York in 1953 . She spent some time at Sarah Lawrence College , and then became involved in New York City 's downtown artists scene , including the Fluxus group . She first met Lennon in 1966 at her own art exhibition in London , and they became a couple in 1968 . With their performance Bed-Ins for Peace in Amsterdam and Montreal in 1969 , Ono and Lennon famously used their honeymoon at the Hilton Amsterdam as a stage for public protests against the Vietnam War . She brought feminism to the forefront in her music , influencing artists as diverse as the B-52s and Meredith Monk . Ono achieved commercial and critical acclaim in 1980 with the chart-topping album Double Fantasy , a collaboration with Lennon that was released three weeks before his death . Public appreciation of Ono 's work has shifted over time , helped by a retrospective at a Whitney Museum branch in 1989 and the 1992 release of the six-disc box set Onobox . Retrospectives of her artwork have also been presented at the Japan Society in New York City in 2001 , in Bielefeld , Germany , and the UK in 2008 , Frankfurt , and Bilbao , Spain , in 2013 and MOMA in New York City in 2015 . She received a Golden Lion Award for lifetime achievement from the Venice Biennale in 2009 and the 2012 Oskar Kokoschka Prize , Austria 's highest award for applied contemporary art . As Lennon 's widow , Ono works to preserve his legacy . She funded Strawberry Fields in Manhattan 's Central Park , the Imagine Peace Tower in Iceland , and the John Lennon Museum in Saitama , Japan ( which closed in 2010 ) . She has made significant philanthropic contributions to the arts , peace , Philippine and Japan disaster relief , and other causes . In 2012 Yoko Ono received the Dr. Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award endowed by Alexandra Hildebrandt . The award is given annually in recognition of extraordinary , non-violent commitment to human rights . Ono continues her social activism , inaugurating a biennial $ 50,000 LennonOno Grant for Peace in 2002 and co-founding the group Artists Against Fracking in 2012 . She has a daughter , Kyoko Chan Cox , from her marriage to Anthony Cox and a son , Sean Taro Ono Lennon , from her marriage to Lennon . She collaborates musically with Sean Lennon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "074c4ff4732ad6fbfdb2595eee5f726a", "text": "Michelle (song) `` Michelle '' is a love ballad by the Beatles , composed principally by Paul McCartney , with the middle eight co-written with John Lennon . It is featured on their Rubber Soul album , released in December 1965 . The song is unique among Beatles recordings in that some of its lyrics are in French . `` Michelle '' won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1967 and has since become one of the best known and often recorded of all Beatles songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a51becdbf1e9aaaed5426bcd66ec6de", "text": "Barbara Bach Barbara Bach ( born Barbara Goldbach ; August 27 , 1947 ) is an American actress and model who played the Bond girl Anya Amasova in the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me ( 1977 ) as well as the spy Maritza Petrović in Force 10 from Navarone ( 1978 ) . She married Ringo Starr , former member of the Beatles , in 1981 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88389568aaedbbbf849d07898c8f5d6f", "text": "Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made . Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances . McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line . The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1847d240e0c4e71bf5e0884ade073fdc", "text": "Maybe I'm Amazed `` Maybe I 'm Amazed '' is a song written by Paul McCartney that was first released on his 1970 album McCartney . McCartney dedicated the song to his wife , Linda , who had helped him get through the break-up of the Beatles . Although the original recording has never been released as a single , a live performance by McCartney 's later band Wings , from the live album Wings over America , was . This version became a top-ten hit in the United States and reached number 28 in the United Kingdom . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine ranked `` Maybe I 'm Amazed '' number 347 on its `` 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a45a018504512e85090cbdeb5e1bcc6", "text": "Only Love Remains `` Only Love Remains '' is the fourth single from Paul McCartney 's 1986 album , Press to Play . The song reached number 34 on the UK singles chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "999677de8cee7065b32598806022f793", "text": "Bad to Me `` Bad to Me '' is a song credited to Lennon -- McCartney . In late interviews , John Lennon said that he wrote it for Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas while on holiday in Spain . However , in a 1964 interview he said that he and Paul McCartney wrote it in the back of a van , so Paul contributed to it . Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas released their recording of the song in 1963 and it became their first number 1 in the UK Singles Chart . Paul McCartney was present during the recording session at Abbey Road Studios . The single would be released in the US the following year , and become a top-ten hit there , reaching number 9 . It became one of the first occasions a Lennon -- McCartney composition made the US Top 40 recorded by an artist other than the Beatles ( the first being `` A World Without Love '' by Peter & Gordon ; another being `` Goodbye '' by Mary Hopkin ) . Bootlegs exist of Lennon 's original demo of the song , which was recorded on 31 May 1963 . An acoustic demo from the same era was released on iTunes in December 2013 on the album The Beatles Bootleg Recordings 1963 . Terry Black released a version of the song on his 1965 debut album , Only 16 . Graham Parker recorded a version of the song for the 2003 album Lost Songs of Lennon & McCartney , new versions of 17 Lennon -- McCartney songs that were originally released by other artists . Leif Garrett also recorded a version of the song for his self-titled debut album . Finnish rock band Hurriganes covered this song in their third album , Crazy Days . Recordings of `` Bad to Me '' as the Beatles may have performed it are available on the 1989 album by Bas Muys entitled Secret Songs : Lennon & McCartney and on the 1998 release It 's Four You by the Australian tribute band The Beatnix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f9d6c511202bfd4bf48ff6aea09d68a", "text": "C'Mon People `` C'Mon People '' is a single from Paul McCartney 's 1993 album , Off the Ground . The song reached number 41 on the UK singles chart . McCartney recorded the song for the UK music programme Top Of The Pops . The video for the single was directed by ex-10cc member Kevin Godley and shows McCartney at the piano singing the song while workmen speedily deconstruct it and re-build it around him . The song was a staple of McCartney 's 1993 World Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d274ce0861ebf8bce32fcb86260e0d37", "text": "Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act . With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born . By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33dacfc1e536b51c4cca24199c2993e", "text": "A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group . The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0b1041bcb60cf3075268aecfab44ce", "text": "Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes . `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9301359b5d078817436a234800f222b4", "text": "Jesse McCartney Jesse McCartney ( born April 9 , 1987 ) is an American actor , singer and songwriter . McCartney achieved fame in the late 1990s on the daytime drama All My Children as JR Chandler . He later joined boy band Dream Street , and eventually branched out into a solo musical career . Additionally , McCartney has appeared on shows such as Law & Order : SVU , Summerland , and Greek . McCartney also is known for lending his voice as Theodore in Alvin and the Chipmunks and its sequels , as well as voicing Robin/Nightwing in Young Justice and Roxas and Ventus in the video game series Kingdom Hearts developed by Square Enix .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c21bbe8feb8f6bedd2afcc53b3546bdc	Bharat Arun was born on December 14th, 1962.	[ { "docid": "8744cffb48cfd0dc3aa9334ab48aaa84", "text": "Bharat Arun Bharathi Arun ( born 14 December 1962 in Vijayawada , Andhra Pradesh ) was an Indian Test cricketer . The bearded Arun was a medium pacer and an attacking lower order batsman . In the semifinal of the 1986/87 Duleep Trophy he hit 149 and added 221 for the seventh wicket with W. V. Raman as South Zone chased a West total of 516 for the first innings lead . A 107 * for India Under-25 against the visiting Sri Lankans just before the selection of the side for the Tests against Sri Lanka won him a place in the side . He was part of the Indian under 19 team that toured Sri Lanka in 1979 under the captaincy of Ravi Shastri . He played two Test matches of the series with the 3 for 76 in his first match as his best bowling figures ( after slipping and falling down , to some hilarity , when he ran in to bowl his first ball ) . He toured Sharjah in 1987 and appeared in all of India 's three matches without distinction . He was a part of the Tamil Nadu team that won the Ranji Trophy in 1987/88 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a05f6c9831bb56cbcde51c35c3e548b2", "text": "Manoj Rajoria Manoj Rajoria ( born 19 December 1969 ) is an Indian politician and a member of parliament to the 16th Lok Sabha from Karauli-Dholpur ( Lok Sabha constituency ) , Rajasthan . He won the Indian general election , 2014 as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a009ef60f7224a27922b7cc391f65636", "text": "Ashok (actor) Ashok ( born on 12 December 1981 ) in Thiruvaiyaru , Thanjavur District , Tamil Nadu ) is an Indian film actor who has appeared in Tamil language films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3335042591b87380f9f92ff0e906f1a2", "text": "Asansol Arunoday High School (H.S) Asansol Arunoday High School is a co-educational school located in Domohani Railway Colony , near Purana station , Mistry Para , Asansol , West Bengal , India . The school was established in 1958 by the great effort of Late Anadi Nath Mukherjee and Late Brihaspati Singh . The medium of education is Hindi and Bengali . Asansol Arunoday High School has been augmented to 10 +2 in the year 2013 with Arts and Commerce . First Batch of 10 +2 has been passed out successfully in 2015 and now it 's called Asansol Arunoday High School ( H. S ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f4b6943784dedfb3a1c0fe847a2dd84", "text": "Aashiqui 2 (soundtrack) Aashiqui 2 is the soundtrack to the 2013 Bollywood romance film of the same name , directed by Mohit Suri and starring Aditya Roy Kapoor and Shraddha Kapoor in the lead roles . The album was produced by Bhushan Kumar and Mahesh Bhatt under the banner T-Series and Vishesh Films . the songs of the film were mostly composed by Jeet Gannguli , although Mithoon and Ankit Tiwari composed two songs each ( including both versions ) as guest composers . Irshad Kamil wrote lyrics for most of songs on the album . Sandeep Nath wrote both versions of `` Sunn Raha Hai '' , while Mithoon wrote `` Tum Hi Ho '' and Sanjay Masoom wrote `` Bhula Dena '' . Arijit Singh sang six of the songs on the album . The music became very popular after its release on 8 April 2013 , with songs `` Tum Hi Ho '' and `` Sunn Raha Hai '' topping the charts across various platforms in India . Jeet Gannguli reused the tune from his own Bengali composition `` Mon Hariye Beghorey '' for `` Milne Hai Mujhse Aayi '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a958ff261759d0cc60ac04dc47e40f0a", "text": "Arunachalam Mahadeva Arunachalam Mahadeva ( -LSB- அருணாசலம் மகாதேவா , translit = Aruṇācalam Makātēvā -RSB- 5 October 1885 -- 15 April 1966 ) was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer , politician and government minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c62d32c9595e78c3f60d94df94475140", "text": "B. C. Khanduri Major General ( Retd . ) Bhuwan Chandra Khanduri , AVSM , ( भुवन चन्द्र खण्डूड़ी born 1 October 1934 ) is an Indian politician . He has served as Chief Minister of Uttarakhand from 2007 -- 2009 and 2011-2012 . He is a Member of Parliament in the 16th Lok Sabha . He represents the Garhwal Parliamentary Constituency of Uttarakhand in Lok Sabha and is a senior member of the Bharatiya Janta Party . Earlier , He has also served as a Cabinet Minister , Ministry of Surface Transport of the Government headed by former Prime Minister of India , Atal Bihari Vajpayee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc92b1e7d1d88652a444eb9f603fd410", "text": "Tejomay Bharat Tejomay Bharat is a compulsory reading book for students in the state of Gujarat , India . The author , Dinanath Batra , is known for his views of anti-western education in India and the book contains numerous claims relating to science , history and other topics that fly in the face of conventional wisdom , often asserting that western inventions , such as television , were predated by India and are recorded in ancient texts such as the Mahabharata .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41972557423b3a7dd6340440c93501bf", "text": "Banani Ghosh Banani Ghosh , is a Bengali ( Indian ) musician , primary known as an exponent of Rabindra Sangeet , but also specializing in the music of Atulprasad Sen , Rajanikanta Sen and others . She was born in Mymensingh in present-day Bangladesh , her father Prafulla Krishna Ghose was also a musician and poet , and editor of a children 's magazine . Banani was trained in Hindustani classical music and at Shantiniketan with the noted Rabindra Sangeet exponent Kanika Banerjee . Her voice was so similar to her gurus that to some she is known as nakal mohar ( the second `` mohar '' , after the Kanika 's popular moniker ) . With a formal degree in music from Rabindra Bharati University , she also trained with Dilip Kumar Roy of Pondicherry . Bursting into the Rabindrasangeet scene in the 1970s , she quickly rose to become an eminent Rabindra Sangeet artist on All India Radio and Doordarshan . Subsequently , she has lived in Switzerland and in the United States , where she runs Antara , a Rabindrasangeet organization which has trained thousands of pupils across the USA over the years . She has also organized the Tagore festival Rabindra Mela , which attempts to familiarize the works of Tagore to an international audience . She has also staged a number of dance dramas , Shapmochan ( 1962 ) , and Bhanushingher Padavali ( Rochester , 1983 ) being particularly notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa2613983f3bfe82936f9aaf67cfbe00", "text": "Budhaditya Mukherjee Budhaditya Mukherjee ( born 1955 ) is a Hindustani classical sitar and surbahar player of the Imdadkhani Gharana ( school ) . He was taught by his father Bimalendu Mukherjee from the age of 5 , and started making a name for himself at a young age . In 1970 , he won two national-level music competitions , and soon after was famously endorsed in glowing terms first by film maker Satyajit Ray and then South Indian veena great Balachander , who proclaimed him `` sitar artist of the century . '' In 1975 , Budhaditya became a grade A artist with All India Radio ( he was promoted to top grade in 1986 ) . Since then , he has become an established sitarist , known for virtuosity , speed and precision . Mukherjee has toured the world extensively , giving concerts in over 25 countries , and from 1983 and 1995 , respectively , taught from time to time at the Istituto Interculturale di Studi Musicali Comparati in Venice ( alongside tabla player Sankha Chatterjee ) and the Rotterdam Conservatory . He has also recorded widely , and at the age of 47 , his discography spanned exactly 47 CDs , LPs and cassettes . In 1995 , he started recording on the surbahar ( bass sitar ) , first as a two-part series ( Brilliance of Sound ) for Beethoven Records in Kolkata ( ragas Yaman and Marwa ) , then raga Komal re Asavari for RPG/HMV on Tribute to My Father , My Guru ( STCS 850362 ) . In 2003 , he was the first Indian classical musician to have an enhanced CD published : Thumriyan ( RCD-2224 ) , on Bengali label Rhyme Records in Kansas , containing ragas Piloo and Bhairavi . His son , Bijoyaditya , was born in 1984 , and started training with Bimalendu and Budhaditya at the age of 5 . Budhaditya Mukherjee holds a doctorate in metallurgical engineering .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "053050bd9d9e9eecfbb922a6cd089d02", "text": "Abhijit Mukherjee Abhijit Mukherjee ( born 2 January 1960 ) is an Indian politician who serves as Member of Parliament ( MP ) from the Jangipur Lok Sabha constituency in the Indian state of West Bengal . He is a member of the Indian National Congress ( INC ) . Mukherjee won the 2012 Jangipur Lok Sabha constituency election by 2,536 votes defeating his nearest CPI ( M ) rival Muzaffar Hussain . The seat was vacated by his father President Pranab Mukherjee after he was elected as the President . Mukherjee was reelected to Lok Sabha from Jangipur in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c4c7d2d9761829103bac0f51f78d96d", "text": "Arun Kolatkar Arun Balkrishna Kolatkar ( Marathi : अरुण बालकृष्ण कोलटकर ) ( 1 November 1932 -- 25 September 2004 ) was a poet from Maharashtra , India . Writing in both Marathi and English , his poems found humor in many everyday matters . His poetry had an influence on modern Marathi poets . His first book of English poetry , Jejuri , is a collection 31 poems pertaining to a visit of his to a religious place of the same name in Maharashtra ; the book won Commonwealth Writers ' Prize in 1977 . His Marathi verse collection Bhijki Vahi won a Sahitya Akademi Award in 2005 . His Collected Poems in English , edited by Arvind Krishna Mehrotra , was published in Britain by Bloodaxe Books in 2010 . Trained as an artist from the J. J. School of Art , he was also a noted graphics designer , with many awards for his work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6db1515cc069237439fb8555712bd1a", "text": "Aruna Roy Aruna Roy ( born 26 June 1946 ) is an Indian political and social activist who founded the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan ( MKSS ) ( `` Workers and Peasants Strength Union '' ) along with Shankar Singh , Nikhil Dey and many others . Known for her incongruous views about Hindutva and a General incline towards appeasement of the stereotyped vulnerable sections of the society for political and social relevance in the media . Is also considered to have a very close proximity towards the Indian National Congress , was also a member of the national advisory committe which was set up by the then UPA-1 government which was headed by Sonia Gandhi through most of its tenure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6a98a0b7e53a5f307d18db60cbf07b6", "text": "Orko Sinha Orko Sinha/Arka Sinha/Arko Sinha ( born 12 May 1987 ) is an Indian film maker , actor , writer , lyricist , singer , composer , producer and a former computer science engineer from the movie industry of West Bengal , Kolkata . He is the youngest film maker of tollywood , as he marked his debut with Aamar Aami in December 2013 . The script-screenplay-lyrics-dialogues and direction of the film were all by Orko .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe5e9011390faf547b3216cb0acf49ff", "text": "Rajat Kapoor Rajat Kapoor is an Indian actor , writer and director born in 1961 . Kapoor was born in Delhi , India . As a teenager he would watch films with his family and decided to become a filmmaker at the age of 14 . He mainly focused on acting at first . In 1983 he joined the theatre group Chingari in Delhi , later moving to Pune to attend the Film and Television Institute of India ( FTII ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c38d37e94ee11f305669bba935afc3b", "text": "Swara Bhaskar Swara Bhaskar Chitrapu ( born 9 April 1988 ) is an Indian actress who works in the Hindi film industry . She has received two Filmfare Award nominations and her prime achievements have made her one of the most noticed actresses of the Hindi cinema . Bhaskar , the daughter of naval officer Chitrapu Uday Bhaskar , was born and raised in Delhi . After receiving her bachelor 's degree in English literature from the University of Delhi , she enrolled herself at the Jawaharlal Nehru University to complete her master 's in Sociology . Bhaskar made her film debut with a supporting role in the 2009 drama Madholal Keep Walking , a commercial failure . She achieved further mainstream attention for her supporting role of a bride-to-be in the commercially successful romantic comedy Tanu Weds Manu ( 2011 ) . Her performance in the film was well received by critics and she garnered a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination . Bhaskar was praised for portraying an aggressive lover in the critically acclaimed romantic drama Raanjhanaa ( 2013 ) , for which she earned her second Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination . She then played supporting roles in the romantic comedy Tanu Weds Manu Returns ( 2015 ) and the romantic drama Prem Ratan Dhan Payo ( 2015 ) , both of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films . Her starring roles in the comedy drama Nil Battey Sannata ( 2016 ) , and the drama Anaarkali of Aarah ( 2017 ) were widely acclaimed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9774cb74de03510df32124fbea4a518a", "text": "Anandrao Vithoba Adsul Anandrao Vithoba Adsul ( born 1 June 1947 ) is a member of the 16th Lok Sabha of India . He represents the Amravati constituency of Maharashtra and is a member of the Shiv Sena ( SS ) political party . He had represented the Amravati constituency in 15th Lok Sabha and Buldhana constituency of Maharashtra in the 14th Lok Sabha , 13th Lok Sabha and 11th Lok Sabha . He has been honoured with Sansad Ratna Award in 2011 , 2012 and 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59fa8ca771e9b26e40f9c7c8906f058", "text": "Arun Kaul Arun Kaul ( August 12 , 1933 -- July 21 , 2007 ) was a noted Kashmiri film maker and screenwriter . His film Diksha ( 1991 ) , won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie for the year 1992 . He was the screenplay assistant to veteran filmmaker Gulzar , for the films Ijaazat ( 1987 ) and Lekin ( 1990 ) . He was one of producers of the noted Science Serial TURNING POINT . He also produced a Serial on Kashmir called KASHMIR FILE . He also wrote screenplay for the film Yash Chopra 's Chandni ( 1989 ) . He produced a film named Ek Adhuri Kahani directed by Mrinal Sen , a Bengali film maker in 1972 . Kaul , 74 , died on 21 July 2007 , New Delhi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0591d9a4c59a68818a1a3557a570d3", "text": "Businessworld BW Businessworld is an Indian business magazine . The magazine was published by ABP Group , whose most prominent publications are The Telegraph , Anandabazar Patrika , Sananda , Anandamela and others . On 19 September 2013 ABP Group owners Ananda Publishers sold Businessworld to Anurag Batra , owner of media group exchange4media , and Vikram Jhunjhunwala , who runs investment banking and asset management firm Shrine Capital for an undisclosed amount . BW Businessworld offices are located in New Delhi , Mumbai , Bangalore and Chennai . The magazine was born in 1981 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "384055909c54515e8bb460d4f0bdd43e", "text": "Arun Maira Arun Maira ( born 15 August 1943 ) is a management consultant and former member of Planning Commission of India . He is also former India Chairman of Boston Consulting Group .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6aca18186759602ea7c98f9c3b7192d2	Kurt Russell became the studio's top star.	[ { "docid": "4dde120acae90912db0cee6eb72d4ec7", "text": "Kurt Russell Kurt Vogel Russell ( born March 17 , 1951 ) is an American actor . He began acting on television in the western series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters ( 1963 -- 64 ) . In the late 1960s , he signed a ten-year contract with The Walt Disney Company where , according to Robert Osborne , he became the studio 's top star of the 1970s . Russell was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his performance in Silkwood ( 1983 ) . During the 1980s , he starred in several films by director John Carpenter , including anti-hero roles such as army hero-turned-robber Snake Plissken in the futuristic action film Escape from New York ( 1981 ) , and its sequel Escape from L.A. ( 1996 ) , Antarctic helicopter pilot R.J. MacReady in the horror film The Thing ( 1982 ) , and truck driver Jack Burton in the dark kung-fu comedy action film Big Trouble in Little China ( 1986 ) , all of which have since become cult films . He was nominated for an Emmy Award for the television film Elvis ( 1979 ) , also directed by Carpenter . Russell starred in other films , including Overboard ( 1987 ) , Tombstone ( 1993 ) , Stargate ( 1994 ) , Death Proof ( 2007 ) , The Hateful Eight ( 2015 ) , and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 ( 2017 ) . He has joined The Fast and the Furious franchise since 2015 , having starred in Furious 7 and The Fate of the Furious .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4c557eaac2e0e0b822290e4c044f3f1e", "text": "Russell House (Ottawa) The Russell House hotel was the most high-profile hotel in Ottawa , Canada for many decades .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b08fe8f66cbcb6fc6c40b7c53a22ebe8", "text": "Randolph Scott George Randolph Scott ( January 23 , 1898 -- March 2 , 1987 ) was an American film actor whose career spanned from 1928 to 1962 . As a leading man for all but the first three years of his cinematic career , Scott appeared in a variety of genres , including social dramas , crime dramas , comedies , musicals ( albeit in non-singing and non-dancing roles ) , adventure tales , war films , and a few horror and fantasy films . However , his most enduring image is that of the tall-in-the-saddle Western hero . Out of his more than 100 film appearances over 60 were in Westerns ; thus , `` of all the major stars whose name was associated with the Western , Scott most closely identified with it . '' Scott 's more than 30 years as a motion picture actor resulted in his working with many acclaimed screen directors , including Henry King , Rouben Mamoulian , Michael Curtiz , John Cromwell , King Vidor , Allan Dwan , Fritz Lang , and Sam Peckinpah . He also worked on multiple occasions with prominent directors : Henry Hathaway ( eight times ) , Ray Enright ( seven ) , Edwin L. Marin ( seven ) , André de Toth ( six ) , and most notably , his seven film collaborations with Budd Boetticher . Scott also worked with a diverse array of cinematic leading ladies , from Shirley Temple and Irene Dunne to Mae West and Marlene Dietrich . Tall ( 6 ft 2 1/2 in ; 189 cm ) , lanky and handsome , Scott displayed an easygoing charm and courtly Southern drawl in his early films that helped offset his limitations as an actor , where he was frequently found to be stiff or `` lumbering '' . As he matured , however , Scott 's acting improved while his features became burnished and leathery , turning him into the ideal `` strong , silent '' type of stoic hero . The BFI Companion to the Western noted : In his earlier Westerns ... the Scott persona is debonair , easy-going , graceful , though with the necessary hint of steel . As he matures into his fifties his roles change . Increasingly Scott becomes the man who has seen it all , who has suffered pain , loss , and hardship , and who has now achieved ( but at what cost ? ) a stoic calm proof against vicissitude . During the early 1950s , Scott was a consistent box-office draw . In the annual Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Polls , he ranked 10th in 1950 , seventh in 1951 , and 10th in both 1952 and 1953 . Scott also appeared in the Quigley 's Top Ten Money Makers Poll from 1950 to 1953 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eed020393dc6fd0a07720426401749a2", "text": "Russell Payne (author) Russell Payne is an English writer and artist , author of humour , science fiction and fantasy short stories and novels , weblogs , graphic novels , comics , and films . His notable works include Morris Telford - A Salopian Odyssey weblog for the BBC and subsequent novel , Marlowe Bidforth 's Backpack Adventure , and the Prism award-winning American Spoon Indigo . He collaborated with screenwriter Philip Railsback on a number of screenplays . Famous in writing circles for using a staggering number of pseudonyms , he argues that this helps keep his work fresh , ensures the writing stands on its own merit rather than his reputation and `` irritates my publicist so much that it 's become a self-destructive habit I ca n't give up '' . He is also the co-founder along with Darrell Till of the media production company Tiny Lapel . The music video `` Sell Out Story '' for the band `` The Ohms '' was animated and directed by him as a favour for a friend and went on to win the `` 2004 Mill Award for new media Animation '' . He has recently been appearing at comicbook conventions in the UK giving talks on Jack Kirby and representing the Jack Kirby Museum . His digital artwork was used in December 2014 as part of the ` On Creating Reality , by Andy Kaufman ' exhibition at the London Frieze .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "781447f2b975739524dcdc15692f03b2", "text": "Breakdown (1997 film) Breakdown is a 1997 American adventure mystery thriller film directed and co-written by Jonathan Mostow . It stars Kurt Russell , J. T. Walsh and Kathleen Quinlan . The original music score was composed by Basil Poledouris . The film was produced by Dino De Laurentiis and Martha De Laurentiis , and released on May 2 , 1997 by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450c2d6cabe6f9867f3f14ec18159114", "text": "Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1955 Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits : 1955 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988 , featuring 10 hit recordings from 1955 . The volume is the first in a series of albums by Rhino Records that chronicled years in music , starting from 1955 and continuing through 1995 . Each of the albums issued in the series included a `` Time Capsule '' in its liner notes . These notes served as a synopsis for the year featured on the album , including the top news headlines , sports events , television programs and trends in fashion and popular culture . The track lineups tended to feature most of the year 's top 10 hits , although some of the year 's most popular songs on a given album were not included for various reasons -- most commonly , licensing restrictions . This would be most evident for several of Rhino 's Billboard volumes covering the 1960s , where songs by The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were not included . In such cases , other songs that were among the most popular of the year were substituted . For the 1955 track lineup , just one song topped the Billboard Best Sellers in Stores chart : `` Rock Around the Clock '' by Bill Haley & His Comets . Also included was `` Sincerely '' by The Moonglows , whose version -- which topped the Top Rhythm & Blues Songs chart -- was used in place of The McGuire Sisters ' version , which reached No. 1 on the Best Sellers in Stores mainstream chart . Most of the other songs reached the top 10 of one of the three charts Billboard had in place at the time -- the Best Sellers in Stores , Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes . Rhino 's mainstream pop top hits volumes for the years 1955 through 1974 were titled `` Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits . '' Starting with the 1975 volume and continuing through the 1995 entry , the series became known as `` Billboard Top Hits . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c514014bd4da9b37a0ee56382c1311", "text": "Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s . Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records . In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman . In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr . In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17e8684c7c478f34b06cabbf88e7cf4d", "text": "Ritzy Cinema Ritzy Picturehouse is a cinema in Brixton , London , England . It is a Grade II listed building . The cinema opened on 11 March 1911 as `` the Electric Pavilion '' . It was built by E. C. Homer and Lucas for Israel Davis , one of a noted family of cinema developers , and was one of England 's earliest purpose-built cinemas seating over 750 seats in the single auditorium . Like many cinemas of the period , it was fitted with an organ . In 1954 it was renovated by noted cinema architect George Coles who installed cinemascope , and it was renamed `` the Pullman '' and the organ was removed . It was later renamed `` the Classic '' before closure in 1976 . After this it was re-invented as `` The Little Bit Ritzy '' , run in collaboration with London Cinema Collective , showing interesting and meaningful double bills , serving delicious home-made cakes . A collaboration between Lambeth Council and the management of the time ensured the cinema 's survival , with the facade being rebuilt and restored to near-original condition . During the 1980s the cinema developed a reputation as having a left-wing agenda , so much so that the incumbent manager was motivated to place an advert in the local press advising potential patrons that not every film that the cinema screened was `` left-wing or gay '' . Today the cinema is owned by Picturehouse Cinemas , and thrives as a multi-screen complex with bar and cafe facilities . Its official name is now Ritzy Picturehouse although it is still commonly known as the Ritzy Cinema . In 1999 Albion Ventures invested # 8million in Picturehouse to help fund the development of several of their cinemas , including the Ritzy . In 2009 , the decor and colour scheme was restored from its original style and a live music venue was added , called Upstairs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a3e9100c60dbc2935a79ff28d0f3e5a", "text": "Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California . Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles . During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full . Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's . In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios . In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time . In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is : Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts . Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights . One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits . In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "985336798cbcbd76be5345da017ba635", "text": "Dial Records (1946) Dial Records was an American record company and label that specialized first in bebop jazz and then in contemporary classical music . It was founded in 1946 by Ross Russell . Notable artists who recorded for Dial included Charlie Parker , who signed an exclusive one-year recording contract with Russell on 26 February 1946 , Miles Davis , Max Roach , and Milt Jackson . Dial Records were initially made for the Tempo Music Shop of Hollywood , California , but soon relocated to New York City . Labels of Dial Records said that they were `` Contemporary American Music '' , a dig at the traditionalist American Music Records label . In the summer of 1949 Ross Russell announced a change of focus , with the label turning to the release of classical music by contemporary composers . The first release in this new series was Béla Bartók 's Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion . This series , titled the Library of Contemporary Classics , was inspired when Russell obtained the master tape of a recording of Arnold Schoenberg 's Chamber Symphony No. 1 from Blue Star Records in Paris , in lieu of payment for a number of Dial jazz masters for European distribution . Russell 's interests shifted focus again in 1953 , when he made field recordings of calypso music in the British , French , and Netherlands West Indies . This resulted in the Dial Ethnic Series ( Dial 400 label ) of ten ten-inch 33 1/3 rpm discs , issued between June and November 1953 . Dial also continued to release material from jazz sessions recorded earlier , but in 1954 Russell sold his jazz recordings to Concert Hall Records , sending them the master tapes , pressing lists , and log sheets on June 3 , 1954 . Mosaic Records released a limited edition box-set ( CD ) of Dial recordings called The Complete Dial Modern Jazz Sessions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2dc04162db9a61eab8f441003fe8b56", "text": "The Deadly Tower The Deadly Tower , also known as Sniper , is a 1975 television film directed by Jerry Jameson . It stars Kurt Russell and Richard Yniguez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "610ad039bb8ef92dcf40c23041d29529", "text": "Movietone Records Movietone Records was a budget records subsidiary of 20th Century Fox 's record division , which issued 29 albums starting in 1965 and ending in 1967 . Most or all of these were reissues of albums that had appeared earlier on the 20th Century Fox label . Artists featured on these albums included Shirley Temple , Al Martino , Lena Horne , Art Tatum , Marilyn Monroe , and Sylvia Sims . The name `` Movietone '' had been used by Fox Film Corporation since 1926 , when it was coined by William Fox to name the process he had bought for putting sound on film for `` talkies '' . By the time the 1965 incarnation of the record label came along , Fox had issued some 78s on the Fox Movietone label decades earlier , but these were not commercial issues , as far as is known . `` Movietone '' was also the name Fox gave to its TV and newsreel coverage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1e1fa45ad49e0dc901d717028752c7c8	Neil deGrasse Tyson wrote essays for Natural History magazine.	[ { "docid": "6ad4e8532203b087e931a90a76872836", "text": "Neil deGrasse Tyson Neil deGrasse Tyson ( -LSB- ˈniːl_dəˈɡræs_ˈtaɪsən -RSB- born October 5 , 1958 ) is an American astrophysicist , author , and science communicator . Since 1996 , he has been the Frederick P. Rose Director of the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and Space in New York City . The center is part of the American Museum of Natural History , where Tyson founded the Department of Astrophysics in 1997 and has been a research associate in the department since 2003 . Born and raised in New York City , Tyson became interested in astronomy at the age of nine after a visit to the Hayden Planetarium . After graduating from the Bronx High School of Science , where he was editor-in-chief of the Physical Science Journal , he completed a bachelor 's degree in physics at Harvard University in 1980 . After receiving a master 's degree in astronomy at the University of Texas at Austin in 1983 , he earned his master 's ( 1989 ) and doctorate ( 1991 ) in astrophysics at Columbia University . For the next three years , he was a postdoctoral research associate at Princeton University . In 1994 , he joined the Hayden Planetarium as a staff scientist and the Princeton faculty as a visiting research scientist and lecturer . In 1996 , he became director of the planetarium and oversaw its $ 210-million reconstruction project , which was completed in 2000 . From 1995 to 2005 , Tyson wrote monthly essays in the `` Universe '' column for Natural History magazine , some of which were published in his books Death by Black Hole ( 2007 ) and Astrophysics for People in a Hurry ( 2017 ) . During the same period , he wrote a monthly column in Star Date magazine , answering questions about the universe under the pen name `` Merlin '' . Material from the column appeared in his books Merlin 's Tour of the Universe ( 1998 ) and Just Visiting This Planet ( 1998 ) . Tyson served on a 2001 government commission on the future of the U.S. aerospace industry , and on the 2004 Moon , Mars and Beyond commission . He was awarded the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal in the same year . From 2006 to 2011 , he hosted the television show NOVA ScienceNow on PBS . Since 2009 , Tyson hosted the weekly podcast StarTalk . A spin-off , also called StarTalk , began airing on National Geographic in 2015 . In 2014 , he hosted the television series Cosmos : A Spacetime Odyssey , a successor to Carl Sagan 's 1980 series Cosmos : A Personal Voyage . The U.S. National Academy of Sciences awarded Tyson the Public Welfare Medal in 2015 for his `` extraordinary role in exciting the public about the wonders of science '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "99bf2f2135c9781713ef6ccbe57d788c", "text": "Nature Neuroscience Nature Neuroscience is a monthly scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group . Its focus is original research papers relating specifically to neuroscience and was established in May 1998 . According to the Journal Citation Reports , Nature Neuroscience had a 2015 impact factor of 16.724 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ce8a6ef0f054fc4d038fb5af17a3a7e", "text": "Science book A science book is a work of nonfiction , usually written by a scientist , researcher , or professor like Stephen Hawking ( A Brief History of Time ) , or sometimes by a non-scientist such as Bill Bryson ( A Short History of Nearly Everything ) . Usually these books are written for a wide audience presumed to have a general education rather than a specifically scientific training , as opposed to the very narrow audience that a scientific paper would have , and are therefore referred to as popular science . As such , they require considerable talent on the part of the author to sufficiently explain difficult topics to people who are totally new to the subject , and a good blend of storytelling and technical writing . In the UK , the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books are considered to be the most prestigious awards for science writing . In the US , the National Book Awards briefly had a category for science writing in the 1960s , but now they just have the broad categories of fiction and nonfiction . There are many disciplines that are well explained to lay people through science books . A few examples include Carl Sagan on astronomy , Jared Diamond on geography , Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Dawkins on evolutionary biology , David Eagleman on neuroscience , Donald Norman on usability and cognitive psychology , Steven Pinker , Noam Chomsky , and Robert Ornstein on linguistics and cognitive science , Donald Johanson and Robert Ardrey on paleoanthropology , and Desmond Morris on zoology and anthropology , and Fulvio Melia on black holes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14936935ac01d1058e99d401feed386f", "text": "Tait's Edinburgh Magazine Tait 's Edinburgh Magazine was a monthly periodical founded in 1832 . It was an important venue for liberal political views , as well as contemporary cultural and literary developments , in early-to-mid-nineteenth century Britain . The magazine was founded by William Tait ( 1792 -- 1864 ) , the son of a builder and an inheritor of a large fortune . Tait was an `` independent radical '' in politics ; he strongly favored the Whig party . 1832 was a time of great political ferment , with the first Reform Bill the dominant subject of discourse . Tait 's periodical was intended as a `` Radical riposte '' to `` the politically revanchist but culturally avant-garde Blackwood 's Edinburgh Magazine . '' Tait 's welcomed many new and unknown writers like Robert Nicoll , as well as established voices like James Henry Leigh Hunt , and figures of future fame like Harriet Martineau and John Stuart Mill . From 1833 on , Tait 's Magazine was a regular venue for the essays of Thomas De Quincey . De Quincey 's series of biographical essays on the Lake Poets ( later collected as Recollections of the Lake Poets ) were featured in Tait 's between 1834 and 1840 . Tait published a range of other selections by De Quincey , including , somewhat surprisingly , `` A Tory 's Account of Toryism , Whiggism and Radicalism '' ( December 1835 , January 1836 ) . That article , however , was supplied with many sarcastic footnotes disagreeing with its points -- `` objecting foot-notes from the pen , presumably , of Tait himself . '' In 1834 Tait 's Magazine was combined with Johnstone 's Edinburgh Magazine , a liberal periodical started two years earlier by husband and wife John Johnstone and Christian Isobel Johnstone . She was an early feminist who wrote extensively for Tait 's in the following years , becoming the magazine 's `` chief contributor and director '' under William Tait himself . Christian Johnstone was `` the first woman to serve as paid editor of a major Victorian periodical , '' to which she brought `` fresh life and popularity . '' In the same year Alexander Bailey Richmond took the magazine 's London agents to court , for reviewing a work calling Richmond a government spy : the defence was successful . Christian Johnstone died in 1857 ; Tait 's Magazine ceased publication in 1861 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b6a82dd2d930d83dc037da0ea02aed3", "text": "Environmental Law (law review) Environmental Law is a law review focused on environmental and natural resources law published by students at Lewis & Clark Law School in Portland , Oregon . Founded in 1969 , it is the nation 's oldest law review covering natural resources and environmental law . The journal is recognized as a national leader in its field and has featured articles by practitioners , academics , legislators , and justices of the United States Supreme Court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5f20bd463260f19b73e74012ae875a", "text": "Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever . As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States . As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . '' Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre . Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) . Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d9ccacde458e38834c33586b8a2dbc7", "text": "The Road to Infinity The Road to Infinity is a collection of seventeen scientific essays by Isaac Asimov . It was the fourteenth of a series of books collecting Asimov 's science essays from The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction . It also included a list of all of Asimov 's essays in that magazine up to 1979 . It was first published by Doubleday & Company in 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1428ddc6d54808f001e25049465019ff", "text": "Natural selection Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype . It is a key mechanism of evolution , the change in heritable traits of a population over time . Charles Darwin popularised the term `` natural selection '' , and compared it with artificial selection . Variation exists within all populations of organisms . This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism , and offspring can inherit such mutations . Throughout the lives of the individuals , their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits . The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell , other cells , other individuals , populations , species , as well as the abiotic environment . Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other , less successful , variants ; therefore , the population evolves . Factors that affect reproductive success are also important , including sexual selection ( now often included in natural selection ) and fecundity selection . Natural selection acts on the phenotype , or the observable characteristics of an organism , but the genetic ( heritable ) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population . Over time , this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches ( microevolution ) and may eventually result in speciation ( the emergence of new species , macroevolution ) . In other words , natural selection is a key process in the evolution of a population . Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection , in which humans intentionally choose specific traits , whereas in natural selection there is no intentional choice . Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology . The concept , published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858 , was elaborated in Darwin 's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection , or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life , which described natural selection as analogous to artificial selection , a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction . The concept of natural selection originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity ; at the time of Darwin 's writing , science had yet to develop modern theories of genetics . The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical genetics formed the modern synthesis of the mid-20th century . The addition of molecular genetics has led to evolutionary developmental biology , which explains evolution at the molecular level . While genotypes can slowly change by random genetic drift , natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10bb6fa89fc71878b921de7fe8166859", "text": "An Outline of Modern Knowledge An Outline of Modern Knowledge , published by Victor Gollancz in 1931 , was an `` omnibus '' volume intended to survey the full range of human knowledge . It was the first such volume to include entirely new material . Editor William Rose solicited leading authorities of the time , including Roger Fry , C. G. Seligman , Maurice Dobb , F. J. C. Hearnshaw , G. D. H. Cole , J. C. Flügel , R. R. Marett , and J. W. N. Sullivan among others , to contribute informative essays written for the common reader . The publishers explained their reasons for creating such a volume in their spring 1931 list of their latest titles : `` Because in our view there has been steadily growing , during the last twelve years , a desire to know which has had no parallel since the Renaissance , and which is now felt by relatively a far larger class of men and women than it was then . Under the surface of a vulgarity , a triviality , and a noisiness which ( because they have been the most blatant ) have seemed the most characteristic stigmata of our time , everywhere and in ever-widening circles educated people have been becoming philosophers -- have wished to understand as clearly as they might the meaning of their own life and that of the Universe . '' The twenty-four articles carried the reader through the subjects of science , philosophy , religion , sex , mathematics , astronomy , biology , anthropology , cosmogony , psychology , psycho-analysis , archaeology , economics , politics , finance , industry , internationalism , history , ethnology , geography , literary criticism , music , architecture , painting and sculpture . Category : Encyclopedias of history Category : English-language encyclopedias Category :1931 books Category : British encyclopedias", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eba628a5fdc6adeb71621e51a7616d2", "text": "Treatise on Natural Philosophy Treatise on Natural Philosophy was an 1867 text book by William Thomson ( later Lord Kelvin ) and Peter Guthrie Tait , published by Oxford University Press . The Treatise was often referred to as T and T '' ' , as explained by Alexander Macfarlane : Maxwell had facetiously referred to Thomson as T and Tait as T ' . Hence the Treatise on Natural Philosophy came to be commonly referred to as T and T '' ' in conversation with mathematicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be9d1c301fe6ee86b6dd069f33510a6a", "text": "Dean H. Kenyon Dean H. Kenyon ( born c. 1939 ) is Professor Emeritus of Biology at San Francisco State University , a young Earth creationist , and one of the instigators of the intelligent design movement . He is the author of Biochemical Predestination . He became a creationist around 1976 , and gave testimony defending creation science at the McLean v. Arkansas and Edwards v. Aguillard court cases . During the latter case , he co-authored the creation science supplementary textbook Of Pandas and People . The case decision went against teaching creation science in public schools , and the authors then altered all references to creationism to refer to intelligent design before the book was published in 1989 . He subsequently became a Fellow of the Discovery Institute , and continued to endorse young Earth creationism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e585fe0c4972d1c3e34ce714ebe1eaa6", "text": "Neil Chalmers Sir Neil Robert Chalmers ( 19 June 1942 ) , is a British zoologist and academic . He is a former Director of the Natural History Museum in London , and former warden of Wadham College , Oxford .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a040a01a214f234fe1b6c49dc9c3aa5", "text": "Prospect (magazine) Prospect is a monthly British general interest magazine , specialising in politics , economics and current affairs . Topics include British , European , and US politics , social issues , art , literature , cinema , science , the media , history , philosophy , and psychology . It features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles , first-person reportage , one-page columns , and shorter , quirky items . Notable features of the magazine include head-to-head debates between two writers with opposing views on a subject ; roundtable discussions , in which a series of experts with varying views on a given topic meet for a discussion , an edited transcript of which is published in the magazine ; and interviews with major political and cultural figures ( recent examples include Orhan Pamuk , Paul Wolfowitz , and Hilary Mantel ) . The magazine prizes independence over ideology and its articles and authors span the political spectrum . In recent years the magazine 's founding editor , David Goodhart , has stirred controversy with a series of articles arguing that the increasing diversity of the United Kingdom may weaken the bonds of solidarity on which the welfare state depends . The debate fed into the broader discussions of `` Britishness '' that have become increasingly common in the public sphere . Contributors include Lionel Shriver , A. C. Grayling , Gordon Brown , Mohamed ElBaradei , Michael Lind , Michael Ignatieff , Geoff Dyer , Francis Fukuyama , Roger Scruton , Andrew Marr , John Kay , and J. M. Coetzee . Prospect received worldwide attention in October 2005 when it published its list of the world 's top 100 public intellectuals , which included Noam Chomsky , Umberto Eco , Richard Dawkins , Steven Pinker and Christopher Hitchens . The magazine asked readers to vote for their top intellectual from the longlist ; Chomsky was the eventual winner . Subsequent lists have continued to attract attention . Dawkins claimed the top spot in 2013 . In August 2009 in a roundtable interview in Prospect , Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions , warning that a `` swollen '' financial sector paying excessive salaries has grown too big for society . Lord Turner 's suggestion that a `` Tobin tax '' - named after the economist James Tobin -- should be considered for financial transactions reverberated around the world . Prospect has also attempted to revitalise the art of the short story in Britain , by publishing the winning story of the Royal Society of Literature 's V.S. Pritchett Memorial Prize since 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "674bc1dcb0bd2b0ac3b9058c2c593790", "text": "Essays on Philosophical Subjects Essays on Philosophical Subjects , by the Scottish economist Adam Smith , is a history of astronomy down to Smith 's own era , plus some thoughts on ancient physics and metaphysics . This work was published posthumously , in 1795 , using material which Adam Smith had intended to publish eventually but had not prepared at the time of his death in 1790 . This was done by his literary executors , two old friends from the Scottish academic world ; physicist/chemist Joseph Black and pioneering geologist James Hutton . A brief account of their work appears in a section entitled ` Advertisement by the Editors ' . The book consists of three distinct works : The History of Astronomy The History of the Ancient Physics The History of the Ancient Logics and Metaphysics The History of Astronomy is the largest of these and is thought to have been written in the 1750s , before Smith 's major works . The overall understanding is excellent , though the Glasgow Edition of 1976 includes some detailed criticism of his use of sources . But it also defends him for calling Newton a philosopher rather than a scientist ; the word ` scientist ' did not exist before 1839 . It is also interesting for containing Smith 's first mention of the invisible hand : For it may be observed , that in all Polytheistic religions , among savages , as well as in the early ages of antiquity , it is the irregular events of nature only that are ascribed to the agency and power of the gods . Fire burns , and water refreshes ; heavy bodies descend , and lighter substances fly upwards , by the necessity of their own nature ; nor was the invisible hand of Jupiter every apprehended to be employed in those matters . ( III .2 , page 49 of the Glasgow Edition . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf16fa55260b64c15e81216a69e61aa6", "text": "The Solar System and Back The Solar System and Back ( 1970 ) is a collection of science essays by Isaac Asimov . It is the seventh in a series of books reprinting essays from The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff74222ebcceebb0a442b07d51e1ee04", "text": "Science News Science News is an American bi-weekly magazine devoted to short articles about new scientific and technical developments , typically gleaned from recent scientific and technical journals . Science News has been published since 1922 by Society for Science & the Public , a non-profit organization founded by E. W. Scripps in 1920 . American chemist Edwin Slosson served as the publication 's first editor . From 1922 to 1966 , it was called Science News Letter . The title was changed to Science News with the March 12 , 1966 issue ( vol . 89 , no. 11 ) . Tom Siegfried was a former editor from 2007-2012 . In 2012 , Siegfried stepped down , and Eva Emerson became the Editor in Chief of the magazine . In April 2008 , the magazine changed from a weekly format to the current biweekly format , and the website was also redeployed . The April 12 issue ( Vol .173 # 15 ) was the last weekly issue . The first biweekly issue ( Vol .173 # 16 ) was dated May 10 and featured a new design . The 4-week break between the last weekly issue and first biweekly issue was explained in the Letter from the Publisher ( p. 227 ) in the April 12 issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b65fb53651f33f973f1f9aa070b74b4", "text": "The Best American Essays The Best American Essays is a yearly anthology of magazine articles published in the United States . It was started in 1986 and is now part of The Best American Series published by Houghton Mifflin . Articles are chosen using the same procedure with other titles in the Best American series ; the series editor chooses about 100 article candidates , from which the guest editor picks 25 or so for publication ; the remaining runner-up articles listed in the appendix . The series is edited by Robert Atwan , and Joyce Carol Oates assisted in the editing process until 2000 with the publication of The Best American Essays of the Century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e72583608c8777aa35e8211843d7820", "text": "Jared Diamond Jared Mason Diamond ( born September 10 , 1937 ) is an American scientist and author best known for his popular science books The Third Chimpanzee ( 1991 ) ; Guns , Germs , and Steel ( 1997 , awarded a Pulitzer Prize ) ; Collapse ( 2005 ) ; and The World Until Yesterday ( 2012 ) . Originally trained in physiology , Diamond is known for drawing from a variety of fields , including anthropology , ecology , geography and evolutionary biology . He is a professor of geography at UCLA . In 2005 , Diamond was ranked ninth on a poll by Prospect and Foreign Policy of the world 's top 100 public intellectuals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d07e1c5811ff6375393250c7020290c", "text": "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry Astrophysics for People in a Hurry is a 2017 popular science book by Neil deGrasse Tyson , centering around a number of basic questions about the universe . Published on May 2 , 2017 , by the W. W. Norton & Company , the book is a collection of Tyson 's essays that appeared in Natural History magazine at various times from 1997 to 2007 . Tyson has appeared on season 25 , episode 170 of the Charlie Rose show talking about the book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "583e93ab48f028c2f11f828f421f2622", "text": "Darwiniana Darwiniana is a collection of essays by botanist Asa Gray . The articles both defended the theory of evolution from the standpoint of botany , and sought reconciliation with theology by arguing theistic evolution , that natural selection is not inconsistent with Christianity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97612c1ed326f54947711aaf3729fbe8", "text": "Neil deGrasse Tyson Presents: Space Odyssey Neil deGrasse Tyson Presents : Space Odyssey is an upcoming sandbox video game with 4X elements being developed by Whatnot Entertainment for Microsoft Windows , macOS , Linux , iOS , and Android systems , including virtual reality devices , anticipated for release in 2017 . The game is being co-developed by astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson , and will have some educational aspects as the player designs and grows parts of a virtual galaxy .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8ea3aab36903f7ee639f7649c35c2bf5	R. Kelly has sold over 100 million records in 1908.	[ { "docid": "b6d08f205e2effade1f304d4f329674b", "text": "R. Kelly Robert Sylvester Kelly ( born January 8 , 1967 ) , known professionally as R. Kelly , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and former professional basketball player . A native of Chicago , Illinois , Kelly began performing during the late 1980s and debuted in 1992 with the group Public Announcement . In 1993 , Kelly went solo with the album 12 Play . He is known for a collection of major hit singles including `` Bump N ' Grind '' , `` Your Body 's Callin ' '' , `` I Believe I Can Fly '' , `` Gotham City '' , `` Ignition ( Remix ) '' , `` If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time '' , `` The World 's Greatest '' , `` I 'm a Flirt ( Remix ) '' , and the hip-hopera `` Trapped in the Closet '' . In 1998 , Kelly won three Grammy Awards for `` I Believe I Can Fly '' . His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous hip hop and contemporary R&B artists . Kelly became the first musician to play professional basketball , when he was signed in 1997 . Kelly has written , produced , and remixed songs and albums for many artists , including Aaliyah 's 1994 debut album Age Ai n't Nothing but a Number . In 1996 , Kelly was nominated for a Grammy for writing Michael Jackson 's song `` You Are Not Alone '' . In 2002 and 2004 , Kelly released collaboration albums with rapper Jay-Z and has been a guest vocalist for other hip hop artists like Nas , Sean Combs , and The Notorious B.I.G. The Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) has recognized R. Kelly as one of the best-selling music artists in the United States with 40 million albums sold as well as only the fifth black artist to crack the top 50 of the same list . In March 2011 , R. Kelly was named the most successful R&B artist of the last 25 years by Billboard . Kelly has released 12 solo studio albums , and sold over 100 million records worldwide making him the most successful R&B male artist of the 1990s . He has been credited for helping redefine R&B and hip hop , earning the nicknames `` King of R&B '' and `` King of Pop-Soul '' . He is listed by Billboard as the most successful R&B / Hip Hop artist of the past 25 years ( 1985-2010 ) and also the most successful R&B artist in history . Throughout his career , Kelly has won numerous awards , including a Guinness World Records as well as countless of other awards like Grammy , BET , Soul Train , Billboard , NAACP and American Music Award .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cc56a37a6f2ae68b9b2d3965bdef4a05", "text": "Machine Gun Kelly discography The discography of American recording artist Machine Gun Kelly consists of three studio albums , one extended play , ten mixtapes , and eleven singles ( including two as a featured artist ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce10bfe8c9067bfac23f08437478cf0b", "text": "Ryan Kelly (singer) Ryan John Kelly is an Irish singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450c2d6cabe6f9867f3f14ec18159114", "text": "Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1955 Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits : 1955 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988 , featuring 10 hit recordings from 1955 . The volume is the first in a series of albums by Rhino Records that chronicled years in music , starting from 1955 and continuing through 1995 . Each of the albums issued in the series included a `` Time Capsule '' in its liner notes . These notes served as a synopsis for the year featured on the album , including the top news headlines , sports events , television programs and trends in fashion and popular culture . The track lineups tended to feature most of the year 's top 10 hits , although some of the year 's most popular songs on a given album were not included for various reasons -- most commonly , licensing restrictions . This would be most evident for several of Rhino 's Billboard volumes covering the 1960s , where songs by The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were not included . In such cases , other songs that were among the most popular of the year were substituted . For the 1955 track lineup , just one song topped the Billboard Best Sellers in Stores chart : `` Rock Around the Clock '' by Bill Haley & His Comets . Also included was `` Sincerely '' by The Moonglows , whose version -- which topped the Top Rhythm & Blues Songs chart -- was used in place of The McGuire Sisters ' version , which reached No. 1 on the Best Sellers in Stores mainstream chart . Most of the other songs reached the top 10 of one of the three charts Billboard had in place at the time -- the Best Sellers in Stores , Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes . Rhino 's mainstream pop top hits volumes for the years 1955 through 1974 were titled `` Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits . '' Starting with the 1975 volume and continuing through the 1995 entry , the series became known as `` Billboard Top Hits . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4d9118ff5e1f0ecacdfc142eb3f4df", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1997 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical sales and airplay . There were nine singles that peaked atop the charts , but if `` Un-Break My Heart '' is excluded from the count ( for the song started its peak in the previous year ) , the total would be eight , the second lowest for a single year , tied with 1996 and subsequently , 2005 . The longest running number-one single of 1997 is `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' / `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' , which logged 14 weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 . Two of those weeks were logged in 1998 while the remaining 12 were attained in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d3d52dfc846d498f4e172a354e3495b", "text": "Soldier's Heart (song) `` Soldier 's Heart '' is a 2001 song by R. Kelly . The song , written and produced by Kelly himself , is a tribute to the soldiers in America . It appeared on some European releases of `` The World 's Greatest '' as a B-side . The song was later released as a single in 2003 and appeared on Second official compilation album called My Diary released in 2005 , renamed `` Front Line '' . Kelly donated all the proceeds from this song to the families of the American Soldiers . The song peaked at number 80 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ef9c562448d126a94d4629561254ca5", "text": "1001 Songs 1001 Songs : The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists , Stories and Secrets Behind Them is a compendium of notable popular recordings collected by Australian rock journalist and critic Toby Creswell . The book was initially published in 2005 by Hardie Grant Books ( Prahran , Victoria ) and subsequently published in the United States by Thunder 's Mouth Press ( an imprint of the Avalon Publishing Group ) in 2006 . It is a very personal collection with quite an Australian bias , and some of the choices and comments are probably quite controversial . It is not a collection of songs , but of the stories behind what Creswell considers are the great songs of all time -- from George Gershwin to Missy Elliott , from Bob Dylan to Alicia Keys , from Frank Sinatra to The Offspring , from Leonard Cohen to Pulp . The book also features over 400 photographs and album covers . 1001 Songs is used extensively by Brian Nankervis , creator , producer and adjudicator , of SBS program RocKwiz as a source of information for questions on the show . In the foreword to the book Creswell states the main research source was All Music Guide , which was consulted for release dates , songwriting credits and album listings , together with the website , Rock 's Backpages . Creswell wrote his first article on rock & roll for Nation Review in 1972 . He subsequently wrote articles about all aspects of popular culture and music for RAM , Billboard , Roadrunner and a range of national and international magazines and newspapers . He has worked for MTV and a variety of television programs as a writer and presenter . In 1985 he became editor of the Australian edition of Rolling Stone and two years later was in a partnership which took over the franchise . He continued to edit Rolling Stone until September 1992 . He was a founding editor of Juice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45afc25b41a19f11b5d0b23df13052f9", "text": "List of number-one singles from the 2000s (New Zealand) In New Zealand , the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) compiles the top forty singles chart each week . Sales of songs determined 75 % of the sorting information , and radio airplay figures were responsible for 25 % . From 18 April 2004 to 29 May 2007 the sales/radio airplay split was 50:50 . Downloads of songs were included from 29 May 2007 . The reporting period is from Monday to Sunday , with the week 's chart published the next Monday . Before 18 April 2004 , the chart week was from Sunday to Saturday , with the chart published on Sunday . The first sales chart was published on 2 May 1975 . Before this , a semi-official voting-based chart , published by the New Zealand Listener , ran from 1966 to 1970 , while the ` Pop-o-meter ' charts started in 1970 and finished in 1975 , when the RIANZ became responsible for the publication of charts . A total of 171 singles topped the chart in the 2000s , including 23 by New Zealand artists . Twenty artists had three or more number-one singles ; the most successful was Akon , whose seven number-ones totalled twenty-three weeks on top of the chart . Chris Brown , Eminem and The Black Eyed Peas each had five of their singles go to number one . Scribe 's double A-side `` Stand Up '' / `` Not Many '' spent the longest at number one , with twelve weeks . This is the most weeks at number one ever by a New Zealander , and the second most for any song , after Boney M. 's `` Rivers of Babylon '' had fourteen weeks in the top spot in 1978 . `` Axel F '' , by Crazy Frog , and `` Brother '' , by Smashproof and Gin Wigmore each had eleven weeks at the top spot . `` Brother '' broke the record for the longest consecutive number-one reign by a New Zealand artist , previously set by `` Sailing Away '' by All of Us in 1986 . On 29 May 2006 , `` Crazy '' by Gnarls Barkley replaced `` Hips Do n't Lie '' by Shakira and Wyclef Jean at the top of the chart , and became the 500th number-one single in the RIANZ New Zealand Singles Chart 's history . Helen Reddy 's `` Free and Easy '' was the first number-one in 1975 . In 1966 , the voting-based chart placed `` A Must to Avoid '' by Herman 's Hermits as the first number-one . ← 1990s 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s → By artist By song Notes References Bibliography", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc172f1ef685c2db421e5343624548f8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . '' According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 . As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 . The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2678955a1aaaeeb1350b9647ecfd8622", "text": "Ric Records Ric Records , along with sister label Ron Records , were American record labels formed by Joe Ruffino in 1959 . Although most of Ric 's releases did not rise above regional hits , the label was active during the golden era of New Orleans R&B and was an incubator for many artists who are now recognized as definers of the style . After his first taste of the music industry at A-1 Distributors , Joe Ruffino set out on his own with the Ric and Ron imprints , headquartered at 630 Baronne Street in New Orleans . The labels were named after Joe 's two sons . Ric Records was focused exclusively on releasing local New Orleans talent . Edgar Blanchard was brought in to help with studio arrangements , and supervised all early Ric studio sessions . He was later replaced by Harold Battiste . Mac Rebennack ( later `` Dr. John '' ) was also brought on as label president and helped with writing and producing . Artists released on the label include Eddie Bo , Johnny Adams , Lenny Capello , Al Johnson , Tommy Ridgley and Joe Jones . Joe Jones provided Ric with its only sizeable hit , `` You Talk Too Much '' , which peaked at # 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the fall of 1960 . This record was the cause of some legal issues with New York City-based outfit Roulette Records , with which Joe Jones previously recorded a version of the tune . Sister label Ron Records had a similar focus on local talent . Artists released include Professor Longhair ( local favorite `` Go to the Mardi Gras '' ) , Irma Thomas , Bobby Mitchell , Eddie Lang ( not to be confused with the jazz guitarist Eddie Lang ) and Martha Carter . After being discovered in a local club by Tommy Ridgley , Irma Thomas recorded her first single '' ( You Can Have My Husband but ) Do n't Mess with My Man '' for Ron within a week . She is now recognized as an important American singer , and was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2007 . Ric and Ron folded in 1962 when Joe Ruffino died .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e531384eb46573145087f1520f557ec", "text": "Johnny Mathis discography Johnny Mathis has recorded 71 studio albums , 11 of which achieved sales of 500,000 units and were awarded Gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America . Five of his greatest hits albums also accomplished this , and of these 16 Gold albums , six eventually went Platinum by reaching sales of one million copies . In 1999 , sales figures totaled five million for his first holiday LP , Merry Christmas , and three million for Johnny 's Greatest Hits , a 1958 collection that has been described as the `` original greatest-hits package '' and once held the record for most weeks on Billboard magazine 's album chart with a total of 490 ( three of which were spent at number one ) . His second longest album chart run was the 295 weeks belonging to his Platinum 1959 album Heavenly , which gave him five weeks in the top spot . In a ranking of the top album artists of the last half of the 1950s in terms of Billboard chart performance , he comes in at number two , for the 1960s , number 10 , and for the period from 1955 to 2009 he is at number six . The recurring appearance of Mathis holiday releases on the various album charts in Billboard began with 1958 's Merry Christmas , which peaked at number three during the four weeks it spent that holiday season on the magazine 's biggest album chart ( now known as the Billboard 200 ) and returned to place at various positions within the top 40 slots there for the next four years . When the magazine first had a separate chart for Christmas albums from 1963 to 1973 , Merry Christmas ranked somewhere in the top 10 on it for another seven years , and on the Top Pop Catalog chart that was created for older titles , it had eight return appearances during the 1990s . His Sounds of Christmas LP spent two weeks at number two on the Christmas Albums chart upon its 1963 release and re-charted for the next five years , and 1969 's Give Me Your Love for Christmas reached number one there during its first of several annual chart showings before achieving Platinum certification . Other notable holiday projects include Home for Christmas , a 1990 home video special that went platinum , and Sending You a Little Christmas , a 2013 release that earned him a Grammy nomination in the category of Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album . Mathis also recorded 43 songs that reached Billboard magazine 's Hot 100 chart in the United States and another nine that `` bubbled under '' the Hot 100 . Six of these 52 recordings made the top 10 , including 1957 's `` Chances Are '' and the 1978 Deniece Williams duet , `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' , which each spent a week at number one , and 32 of them are also on the list of 50 entries that Mathis had on the magazine 's Easy Listening chart , which was started in 1961 . 19 of those 50 songs made the top 10 on that list , and two of them ( `` I 'm Coming Home '' and `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' ) went on to number one . The Williams duet also spent four weeks at number one on the magazine 's R&B chart and was certified Gold after selling one million copies . In the UK Mathis spent three weeks at number one on the singles chart in 1976 with `` When a Child Is Born '' and had two compilations reached the top spot on the albums chart : 1977 's The Mathis Collection and 1980 's Tears and Laughter . `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' and `` When a Child Is Born '' both achieved Silver certification for singles by the British Phonographic Industry for sales of 250,000 units in the UK , and the latter eventually reached the 500,000 mark to earn Gold certification . 16 of his LPs met the 60,000 album sales mark in the UK to be certified Silver , with eight of those going on to sell 100,000 copies for Gold certification and one of those eight ( The Johnny Mathis Collection , 1976 ) making it to the 300,000 total necessary for the Platinum award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d3cc32c1f79a4131f8b45d5d2a6932", "text": "Burn It Up `` Burn It Up '' is fourth official single by American R&B singer-songwriter R. Kelly from the album TP .3 Reloaded , released in April 2006 , by Jive Records . It features Puerto Rican reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel , and was produced by Luny Tunes with co-production by Kelly himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753a0002282a8dc95c27e76e5e11b2a8", "text": "Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre is a series of four 12 '' long playing vinyl albums recorded in Los Angeles in 1963 . The four albums were sold through mail order as a box set in 1963 , then released separately to retail in 1964 . They were conceived and produced by Frank Sinatra . Morris Stoloff was the musical director and the A&R Director was Sonny Burke . The four discs feature the scores of four popular Broadway musicals of the time , namely Finian 's Rainbow ( 1947 ) , Kiss Me , Kate ( 1948 ) , South Pacific ( 1949 ) and Guys and Dolls ( 1950 ) . The `` Guys and Dolls '' album was issued on CD in 1992 when the musical itself was enjoying a revival . All the albums were re-released in a box set on September 26 , 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73a8c99acce7b9ddb6a77904dbb1f524", "text": "List of songs recorded by R. Kelly This is a list of songs recorded by R. Kelly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5", "text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0e3bdd736e91f003d1d968ba97175e7", "text": "Triple J Hottest 100, 2016 The 2016 Triple J Hottest 100 was announced on Australia Day , 26 January 2017 . It is the 24th countdown of the most popular songs of the year , as chosen by the listeners of Australian radio station Triple J. 2016 's countdown broke several Hottest 100 records , including number of votes ( over 2.25 million ) , number of songs by Australian acts both in the whole list ( 66 out of the 100 ) and at its top ( all of the top four ) , and longest absence between countdowns ( 16 years for Paul Kelly ) . With the first-place win of Australian producer Flume for `` Never Be like You '' , 2016 marks a record-breaking fourth consecutive annual countdown in which the number-one track was by an Australian act , after Vance Joy in 2013 , Chet Faker in 2014 , and The Rubens in 2015 . Flume became the first electronic dance music producer to top the countdown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e91160525c90767d15074f13736513b", "text": "12 Nights of Christmas 12 Nights of Christmas is the first holiday and fourteenth studio album by American R&B singer R. Kelly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9659b801cab383da03fbd7e6da496845", "text": "Brasil Hot 100 Airplay Brasil Hot 100 Airplay is the official music singles charts in Brazil . It has been compiled by Crowley Broadcast Analysis and published monthly by Billboard Brasil since the release of the magazine , in October 2009 . Since April 2014 , the Brazilian Billboard began publishing on its Brazilian site , the weekly Hot 100 , as it is , and has always been held at the site , and Billboard magazine in other countries as well as the American Billboard . It is the top 100 songs , both national and international titles , the most varied genres , computed based on the total number of executions in the period indicated and the grid base stations Crowley , that monitors 256 radio stations located in the grid-base stations , made from Monday to Friday from 7 am to 7 pm . This grid includes the cities of São Paulo , Rio de Janeiro , Brasília , Campinas , Ribeirão Preto , Belo Horizonte , Curitiba , Porto Alegre , Recife , Salvador , Florianópolis , Fortaleza , Goiânia , Campo Grande , Cuiabá and the Triângulo Mineiro , Vale do Paraíba and Paulista Littoral mesoregions . The first song which reached in number-one on the chart was `` Halo '' by Beyoncé . `` I Want to Know What Love Is '' by Mariah Carey is the longest running number 1 ( 27 weeks ) , followed by Beyoncé 's `` Halo '' ( the most played song in the country , in 2009 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "105ea78c812a35e8e2b5f3102abb4f19", "text": "It Seems Like You're Ready `` It Seems Like You 're Ready '' is a song by musician R. Kelly , on his debut solo studio album titled 12 Play . It is the fourth song on the album and was charted at # 59 on the Billboard airplay chart , number 29 on the Rhythmic Top 40 charts and number 29 at the Hot R&B / Hip Hop Songs charts .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ddfa4c48f897a28c765ad91761afd268	Iraq has different ethnic groups.	[ { "docid": "a2284a3f4c6fb9164c04e69a70c6554c", "text": "Iraq Iraq ( -LSB- ɪˈræk -RSB- , -LSB- ɪˈrɑːk -RSB- , or -LSB- aɪˈræk -RSB- العراق ; عێراق ) , officially known as the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest , and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds ; others include Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians , and Kawliya . Around 95 % of the country 's 36 million citizens are Muslims , with Christianity , Yarsan , Yezidism , and Mandeanism also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range , and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws , and live in cities under an organised government -- notably Uruk , from which `` Iraq '' is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian , and Babylonian empires . It was also part of the Median , Achaemenid , Hellenistic , Parthian , Sassanid , Roman , Rashidun , Umayyad , Abbasid , Ayyubid , Mongol , Safavid , Afsharid , and Ottoman empires . Iraq 's modern borders were mostly demarcated in 1920 by the League of Nations when the Ottoman Empire was divided by the Treaty of Sèvres . Iraq was placed under the authority of the United Kingdom as the British Mandate of Mesopotamia . A monarchy was established in 1921 and the Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from Britain in 1932 . In 1958 , the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created . Iraq was controlled by the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party from 1968 until 2003 . After an invasion by the United States and its allies in 2003 , Saddam Hussein 's Ba'ath Party was removed from power and multi-party parliamentary elections were held in 2005 . The American presence in Iraq ended in 2011 , but the Iraqi insurgency continued and intensified as fighters from the Syrian Civil War spilled into the country .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f74dbaaca1d5794bb900776c612ff6f5", "text": "Anbar Awakening In September 2006 , 30 tribes in the Anbar Province formed the Anbar Awakening , an alliance to fight Al Qaeda ( AQI ) militants . After initially accepting al Qaeda in Iraq due to a shared anti-occupation and anti-Shiite agenda , Sunni Arabs chafed under AQI 's violently fanatic religious program . AQI terrorized those who opposed it , eventually prompting Sunnis to partner with U.S. forces to rid their communities of AQI . The collaboration successfully tested in al-Anbar province -- once Iraq 's most violent -- was adopted in other AQI-plagued regions , contributing to a dramatic neutralization of the insurgency . Not a uniform organization , the Awakening was composed of numerous local elements roused to action by a wide array of cultural , political , and economic considerations , while their Coalition counterparts similarly adopted a variety of methods to support them . From August to December 2006 , the Anbar Province of Iraq was occupied by Al Qaeda ( AQI ) . Much of the stronghold of AQI was in Ramadi , the capital of the Anbar province . The sheikhs and officials were Sunni by sect , so they initially cooperated with AQI to counterbalance the Shiite government and the Shiite insurgents . But later , the terrorism which AQI promoted was not in line with the Sheik 's interests . They then joined forces with the US troops in the area , the Iraqi Police and the Provisional Army . They strengthened the city council and dubbed their movement the `` awakening '' . The US and the Iraqi people later gained control of Fallujah and Ramadi . This movement was one of the shining symbols of counterinsurgency policy - rhetoric of the New Way forward was met here . The six points which Bush outlined were met ; the people were united to save their city and the US forces gained support of both the officials and citizens . The Awakening coincided with the United States led coalition 's surge of troops that instituted a counter insurgency strategy and largely ended the ongoing insurgency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "370abaaaef2744c1f783a9b3fcff9847", "text": "Iraqis in India India has people from all around the world . They migrated for various reasons . Some migrated because their lands were invaded and some migrated for trade purposes . There was a huge influx of the Persian people into India during the 7th Century CE . In India there are two major Iraqi communities who have very well mixed in the fabric of Indian culture . The first one are the Persian-origin Shamsi tribe ( migrated in 7th Century CE ) and the second one is the Arab-origin Tamimi tribe ( migrated in 8th Century CE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ba8df721345e1acae7c164cdd0d84bf", "text": "Gypsies in Iraq The Kawliya or Qawliya ( كاولية or كاولي ) , also known as Zott and Ghorbati ( known in English as Gypsies ) , is a community in Iraq of Indian origin , estimated to number over 60,000 people . Today they speak mostly Arabic , while their ethnolect is a mixture of Arabic , Persian , Kurdish and Turkish , only spoken by the older generations . They are noted as imitating Bedouins . The largest tribes are the Bu-Baroud , Bu-Swailem , Bu-Helio , Bu-Dakhil , Bu-Akkar , Bu-Murad , Bu-Thanio , Bu-Shati , Al-Farahedah , Al-Mtairat , Bu-Khuzam , Bu-Abd , Bu-Nasif , Bu-Delli and Al-Nawar . Their main occupation is entertainment , and also small trades . The Kawliya migrated from India approximately 1,000 years ago . Under the secular rule of Saddam Hussein , they lived peacefully among other ethnic groups . They became outcasts after the rise of ultra-conservative Islamists in 2004 , despite the fact that the majority of Kawliya are Muslims . ( `` Kawliya '' is also an Arabic term for prostitute . ) Kawliya is also the name of a former village in the Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate near Al Diwaniyah , located about 100 miles southeast of Baghdad , where they live . The village was reportedly destroyed by a militia controlled by a militant Shiite Muslim cleric Moqtada al-Sadr , who viewed the gypsies as `` morally repugnant . About 1,000 villagers were driven out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aba45ab4e17d078915a96a8e9f440000", "text": "Iraqi Australians Iraqi Australians are Australian citizens who identify themselves to be Iraqi descent . Since the 1991 Gulf War , thousands of Iraqis have found refuge in Australia . The total of population is estimated to be as high as 80,000 . Australia 's Iraqi-born population includes Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Armenians , Mandeans , Turkmens and Jews . The first year in which the Australian Census of Population and Housing recorded the Iraq-born separately was 1976 , when the population was 2,273 . By 1986 , the population had risen to 4,516 . By the end of the Gulf War in 1991 , it numbered 5,186 , mainly in New South Wales and Victoria . Many recent arrivals have entered Australia under the Humanitarian programme . The Gulf War and the quelling of uprisings of the Shi'a and the Kurds in Iraq resulted in a large increase in the number of Iraqis coming to Australia after 1991 . There were 24,760 Iraq-born people in Australia at the 2001 Census , making up 0.6 per cent of the overseas-born population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "469db2837f71cfe3e0563b45313c6e56", "text": "Babil Governorate Babil Governorate or Babylon Province ( محافظة بابل Muḥāfaẓa Bābil ) is a governorate in central Iraq . It has an area of 5119 km2 , with an estimated population of 1,651,565 people in 2002 . The provincial capital is the city of Hillah , which lies opposite the ancient city of Babylon , on the Euphrates river .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a95accdba4e305e751240f499a2fc88d", "text": "Achaemenid Assyria Athura ( ð ð ° ð cents ð 1/4 ð Aθurā ) , also called Assyria Babylonia , was a geographical area within the Persian Achaemenid Empire held by the last nobility of Aššur ( Akkadian ) , known as Athura ( Neo-Aramaic ) or Atouria ( Greek ) , during the period of 539 BC to 330 BC as a military protectorate state of Persia under the rule of Cyrus the Great . Although sometimes regarded as a satrapy , Achaemenid royal inscriptions list it as a dahyu , a concept generally interpreted as meaning either a group of people or both a country and its people , without any administrati It mostly incorporated the original Assyrian kingdom , corresponding with modern northern Iraq in the upper Tigris , the middle and upper Euphrates , modern-day north eastern Syria ( Eber-Nari ) and part of south-east Anatolia ( modern Turkey ) . The Neo-Assyrian Empire collapsed after a period of violent civil wars , followed by an invasion by a coalition of some of its former subject peoples , the Iranian peoples ( Medes , Persians and Scythians ) , Babylonians and Cimmerians in the late 7th century BC , culminating in the Battle of Nineveh , and Assyria had fallen completely by 605 BC . Between 605 and 559 BC , Assyria was divided between the Median Empire to the east and the Neo-Babylonian Empire to the west . Both parts were subsumed into the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC , and it has been argued that they constituted the satrapies of Media and Athura , respectively . In Herodotus ' account the Ninth Tributary District comprised `` Babylonia and the rest of Assyria '' , and excluded Eber-Nari . Despite a few rebellions , Assyria functioned as an important part of the Achaemenid Empire . The Assyrian people were given the right to govern themselves throughout Achaemenid rule , and the Assyrian ( Aramaic ) language was used diplomatically by the Persians . Known for their combat skills , Assyrian soldiers ( along with the Lydians ) constituted the main heavy infantry of the Achaemenid empire 's military . Due to the major destruction of Assyria during the fall of its empire , some early scholars described the area as an `` uninhabited wasteland . '' Other Assyriologists , however , such as John Curtis and Simo Parpola , have strongly disputed this claim , citing how Assyria would eventually become one of the wealthiest regions among the Achaemenid Empire . This wealth was due to the land 's great prosperity for agriculture that the Persians used effectively for almost 200 years . In contrast to the policy of the Assyrian Empire , the Achaemenid Persians did not intervene in the internal affairs of their ruling satrapies as long as they continued the flow of tribute and taxes back to Persia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c3c2e76cb27777307c5c75a4de9f0c4", "text": "Amiriyah Fallujah Al-Amiriyah ( العامرية al-ʻāmiriyyah ) or Amiriyah Fallujah , also Ameriyah , Amiriyyah , Ameriya , Amiriyat , Ameriyat and the like , is a city in the Fallujah District of Al Anbar province , about 30 km south of the city of Fallujah , in Iraq . Ameriyah residents belong mostly to the Albu Issa subtribe , part of the Dulaim tribe . The city was named Amiriyah Fallujah after the occupation of Iraq because of huge number of displaced persons from the city of Fallujah , with a total population of 17 thousand people . During the lead up to the Gulf War in 1990 , several Western hostages were held as a human shield at a suspected ammunition factory in the area from September 1990 until their release 6 December 1990 . These included a crew member from British Airways Flight 149 . Nationals of Britain , Japan and France were held on the site . Only the British were detained until December , the French and Japanese being released in October and November 1990 respectively . The nature of their internment makes it difficult to pinpoint the exact location , but they were told by their Iraqi minders that they were at `` a factory in Amiriyah '' During the American war on Iraq the city witnessed violent clashes such as those seen in the cities of Fallujah and Ramadi as well as explosions and car bombs with chlorine , but in the end in 2007 the Anbar police took over on the city . In 2016 , during the Siege of Fallujah , there was intense fighting in the area between the Iraqi army and ISIL militants . Also several suicide attacks by ISIL were reported .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae8c2ad430605102cb7bfb7dd40f9f08", "text": "British Assyrians British Assyrians , also known as Assyrian Brits , English Assyrians and Assyrians in the United Kingdom , are members of the Semitic , Eastern Aramaic speaking Assyrian ethnic group ( also known as Chaldo-Assyrians and some by the denominational term Chaldean Catholics ) born or residing in the United Kingdom , numbering approximately 8,000 persons . They are the indigenous Non-Arab , Pre-Arab and Pre-Islamic descendants of the ancient Mesopotamians , and the Assyrians , in particular ( see Assyrian continuity and Assyria ) . Most have migrated from their ancient homelands in northern Iraq , north east Syria , south east Turkey and north west Iran . Concentrations of Assyrians are found in Greenford and in Hanwell , both towns within the London Borough of Ealing . Assyrians mostly migrated from northern Iraq , southeast Turkey , northwest Iran and northeast Syria , an area encompassing the Assyrian homeland . Migration was largely triggered by long standing ethnic and religious persecution in their homelands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d777f059b7b653b5cb7cae648c7d7e1e", "text": "Judeo-Iraqi Arabic Judeo-Iraqi Arabic ( also known as Iraqi Judeo-Arabic and Yahudic ) is a variety of Arabic spoken by Iraqi Jews currently or formerly living in Iraq . It is estimated that there are 100,000 to 120,000 speakers in Israel ( as of 1994 ) , 52,000 in India ( no date ) , and that just 100 to 150 older speakers remain in Iraq ( as of 1992 ) . The best known variety is Baghdad Jewish Arabic , although there were different dialects in Mosul and elsewhere . The vast majority of Iraqi Jews have relocated to Israel and have switched to using Hebrew in as their home language . The 2014 film Farewell Baghdad is performed mostly in Baghdad Jewish Arabic , the first time a movie has been filmed in Judeo-Iraqi Arabic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e9936df6c4a5a5723b615dba35a7cc4", "text": "Iraqis The Iraqis leads here . For The Iraqis political party , refer to The Iraqis ( party ) The Iraqi people ( Arabic : العراقيون ʿIrāqīyūn , Kurdish : گه لی عیراق Îraqîyan , ܥܡܐ ܥܝܪܩܝܐ ʿIrāqāyā , Iraklılar ) are the citizens of the modern country of Iraq . Arabs have had a large presence in Mesopotamia since the Sasanian Empire ( 224-637 ) . Arabic was spoken by the majority in the Kingdom of Araba in the first and second centuries , and by Arabs in al-Hirah from the third century . Arabs were common in Mesopotamia at the time of the Seleucid Empire ( 3rd century BC ) . The first Arab kingdom outside of Arabia was established in Iraq 's Al-Hirah in the third century . Arabic was a minority language in northern Iraq in the eighth century BC , from the eighth century following the Muslim conquest of Persia it became the dominant language of Iraqi Muslims because Arabic was the language of the Quran and of the Abbasid Caliphate . Kurds who are Iraqi citizens live in the Zagros Mountains of northeast Iraq to the east of the upper Tigris . Arabic and Kurdish are Iraq 's national languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28277858fa0a248873c841dd0cda4fa3", "text": "Farhud Farhud refers to the pogrom or `` violent dispossession '' carried out against the Jewish population of Baghdad , Iraq , on June 1 -- 2 , 1941 , immediately following the British victory in the Anglo-Iraqi War . The riots occurred in a power vacuum following the collapse of the pro-Nazi government of Rashid Ali , while the city was in a state of instability . The violence came immediately after the rapid defeat by the British of Rashid Ali , whose earlier coup had generated a short period of national euphoria , and was charged by allegations that Iraqi Jews had aided the British . Over 180 Jews were killed and 1,000 injured , and up to 300-400 non-Jewish rioters were killed in the attempt to quell the violence . Looting of Jewish property took place and 900 Jewish homes were destroyed . The Farhud took place during the Jewish holiday of Shavuot . Because of rioters lamenting the losses of the outgoing regime of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani , who was an ally of Hitler 's , it has been referred to as a pogrom which was part of the Holocaust , although such comparison has been disputed . It has also been called `` the beginning of the end of the Jewish community of Iraq '' , propagating the migration of Iraqi Jews out of the country , although a direct connection to the 1951-2 Jewish exodus from Iraq is disputed . as many Jews who left Iraq immediately following the Farhud returned to the country and permanent emigration did not accelerate significantly until 1950-51 . According to Hayyim Cohen , the Farhud `` was the only -LSB- such event -RSB- known to the Jews of Iraq , at least during their last hundred years of life there '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d118162f1acbe84f4970f8d5fad06652", "text": "Iraqi Governing Council The Iraqi Governing Council ( IGC ) was the provisional government of Iraq from July 13 , 2003 to June 1 , 2004 . It was established by and served under the United States-led Coalition Provisional Authority ( CPA ) . The IGC consisted of various Iraqi political and tribal leaders who were appointed by the CPA to provide advice and leadership of the country until the June 2004 transfer of sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government ( which was replaced in May 2005 by the Iraqi Transitional Government , which was then replaced the following year by the first permanent government ) . The Council 's ethnic and religious breakdown included 13 Shias , five Sunnis , five Kurds ( also Sunnis ) , one Turkmen and an Assyrian . Three of its members were women . In September 2003 , the Iraqi Governing Council gained regional recognition from the Arab League , which agreed to seat its representative in Iraq 's chair at its meetings . On June 1 , 2004 , the Council dissolved after choosing member Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer as the president of the new Iraq interim government . Full sovereignty was transferred to the interim government ( and the CPA dissolved ) on June 28 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49416f4e2d2aec8e35cb01c86a25dc89", "text": "Capital punishment in Iraq Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Iraq . It was commonly used by the government of Saddam Hussein ; and has been since his removal from office . After the invasion of Iraq in 2003 , the U.S. administrator , L. Paul Bremer , suspended capital punishment on June 10 , declaring that `` the former regime used certain provisions of the penal code as a means of oppression , in violation of internationally acknowledged human rights . '' On August 8 , 2004 , capital punishment was reinstated in Iraq . Iraqi law states that no person over the age of 70 can be executed , despite people like Tariq Aziz , sentenced to death at the age of 74 . There is an automatic right to appeal on all such sentences . Iraqi Law requires execution within 30 days of all legal avenues being exhausted . The last legal step , before the execution proceeds , is for the condemned to be handed a red card . This is completed by an official of the court with details of the judgment and a notice that execution is imminent . In September 2005 , three murderers were the first people to be executed since the restoration . Then on March 9 , 2006 , an official of Iraq 's Supreme Judicial Council confirmed that Iraqi authorities had executed the first insurgents by hanging . 27 people , including one woman , were executed by the Iraqi government on September 6 , 2006 , for high crimes against civilians . At least 285 people were sentenced to death in 2008 ; at least 34 were executed . In 2007 , at least 199 people were sentenced to death and 33 executed , in 2006 , at least 65 people were executed . The actual figures could be much higher as there are no available official statistics . '' There were at least 120 executions in 2009 , overwhelmingly for alleged terrorist offences . More than 900 people , including 17 women , were thought to be at risk of imminent execution in Iraq at the end of 2009 - they had reportedly exhausted all forms of appeal and their death sentences were said to have been ratified by the Presidential Council . On January 19 , 2012 , 34 people were executed in a single day . Early in October 2013 , 42 people convicted of terrorism charges were hanged over the course of two days . By that date a total of 132 people had been executed in 2013 . In July 2016 , the Prime minister Haider Al-Abadi ordered the execution of all terrorists condemned in the country following the Baghdad suicide truck bombing which killed over 250 people at a mall in Karrada , Baghdad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e15e9e81e06900117e6ed130f5f8552f", "text": "Kirkuk Kirkuk ( كركوك , Kerkük ܟܪܟ ܣܠܘܟ , ܟܪܟܘܟ ) is an Iraqi city in northern Iraq , 236 km north of Baghdad and 83 km south of Erbil . It is the capital of Kirkuk Governorate . Kirkuk lies in a wide zone with an enormously diverse population and has been multilingual for centuries . There were dramatic demographic changes during Kirkuk 's urbanization in the twentieth century , which saw the development of distinct ethnic groups . Kurds , Turkmen , Arabs and Assyrians lay conflicting claims to this zone , and all have their historical accounts and memories to buttress their claims . The city sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Citadel , site of the ancient mid 3rd millennium BC , Assyrian city of Arrapha , and which sits near the Khasa River . The city is mentioned during the Sumero-Akkadian period of Assyria in cuneiform script from about 2400 BC . The region became a part of the Akkadian empire ( 2335-2154 BC ) which united all of the Akkadian and Sumerian speaking Mesopotamians under one rule . After its collapse , the language isolate speaking Gutians , a pre-Iranic race from Ancient Iran , overran the region for a few decades , making Arrapha their capital , before being ejected from Mesopotamia by the Sumerians during the Neo-Sumerian Empire ( 2112-2004 BC ) . The city later came to be dominated by the language isolate speaking Hurrians from eastern Anatolia before being incorporated into the Old Assyrian Empire ( 2025-1750 BC ) , after which Arrapha and indeed the whole of northern Mesopotamia , together with parts of north east Syria and south east Turkey , became a part of Assyria proper . During the late 15th century BC Assyria and Arrapha was under the domination of the short lived Mittani-Hurrian empire , but after the Assyrians overthrew and destroyed the Hurri-Mitanni in the early 14th century BC the city was once more under Assyrian rule . Arrapha remained an important Assyrian city until the fall of the Assyrian empire between 615-599 BC . After this it remained a part of the geo-political province of Assyria ( Achaemenid Assyria , Athura , Seleucid Syria , Assyria ( Roman province ) and Assuristan ) under various foreign empires , and between the 2nd century BC and 3rd century AD became the capital of the Neo-Assyrian state of Beth Garmai before this was conquered into the Sassanid empire and became a part of Assuristan . The Arab Islamic conquest of the 7th century AD saw the dissolution of Assyria as a geo-political entity . Kurds and Turkmens have claimed the city as a cultural capital . It was named the `` capital of Iraqi culture '' by the Iraqi ministry of culture in 2010 . The city currently consists mainly of people who self-identify as Kurds , Arabs , Iraqi Turkmens and Assyrians , with changes in population after the fall of Saddam Hussein , the US invasion , and the war against the Islamic State .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "295b8fdc18cac7cabb377459cdb79526", "text": "Demographics of Iraq This article is about the demographic features of the population of Iraq , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population . The population is estimated to be 36,585,692 as of July 2014 , with most of the population being Arab ( 80-85 % ) , followed by Kurds ( 10-15 % ) and others ( 5 % ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5722755871a0f2b5fecf2a1c41171dec", "text": "Iraqi Armed Forces The Iraqi Armed Forces are the military forces of the Iraqi government . They consist of the Iraqi Army , the Iraqi Air Force , and the Iraqi Navy . They were initially formed in the early 1920s . Six military Coup d'états were mounted by the Army between 1936 and 1941 . The armed forces first saw combat in the Anglo-Iraqi War of 1941 . They fought against Israel in the 1948 Arab -- Israeli War , in the 1967 Six Day War , and in the 1973 Yom Kippur War . Two wars with the Kurds were fought in 1961 -- 70 and 1974 -- 75 . A much larger conflict was the Iran -- Iraq War , initiated by the Iraqis in 1980 , which continued until 1988 . Thereafter Iraq began the Invasion of Kuwait , which led to the Persian Gulf War of 1991 , which led in turn to confrontations over the Iraqi no-fly zones during the 1990s , and finally the Iraq War of 2003 . The Iraqi armed forces have had mixed success at the strategic level but consistently poor tactical performance during most of their history . Iraq had one of the largest and strongest militaries in the world in 1990 , before the Persian Gulf War of 1991 . The armed forces are administered by the Ministry of Defence ( MOD ) . Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq , which toppled the Saddam Hussein regime , the Iraqi Armed Forces have been rebuilt with substantial assistance from the United States Armed Forces . Since the implementation of the U.S.-Iraq Status of Forces Agreement on January 1 , 2009 , the Iraqi Armed Forces and the forces of the Interior Ministry are responsible for providing security and upholding law and order throughout Iraq . The Iraqi Army , in particular , is one of the most trusted national institutions of Iraq . Iraqi Armed Forces deficiencies have been identified in enabling functions , such as , e.g. , logistics and military intelligence . In high-end conventional operations , Iraqi capabilities are currently limited by lack of artillery and air power . There are also concerns regarding corruption and sectarian agendas within the force .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "821b19b59cac7cb0137580baaed1f50f", "text": "Ajam of Bahrain Ajam of Bahrain are an ethnic group in Bahrain composed of Shia Bahraini citizens of non-Arab Iranian national background ( mainly Persian and Lur Persians ) . There is also a substantial community of Sunni citizens of Persian descent , although they do not self-identify as Ajam . The Ajam are mostly bilingual in Persian and Arabic , though speak Persian as their first tongue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b5eba8881d6660939d38250bcd20d6e", "text": "Monoethnicity Monoethnicity is the existence of a single ethnic group in a given region or country . It is the opposite of polyethnicity . The use of the concept of monoethnicity has been criticized for being discriminatory and preventing diversity from being recognized . It is a common belief in Japan that the entire country is monoethnic , but there are many ethnic minorities in Japan ( e.g. Koreans , Ainus , and Ryukyuans ) . They represent around 1 % of the whole population South Koreans regard themselves as a monoethnic society , although there are small ethnic minorities that exist in South Korea , where they account for around 1 % of the South Korean population . These include around 650,000 Chinese immigrants Most Sub-Saharan African countries have mono-racial societies ( > 0.1 % ) , but it 's common to find several ethnic groups within the same country . The number of emigrants from these African countries has grown substantially since 1990 , but they receive virtually almost zero immigration . The Yugoslav Wars are noted as having made territories `` de facto and de jure monoethnic nation-states '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af09c649ae32941bc47edab0572041dc", "text": "Sawad Sawad was the name used in early Islamic times ( 7th -- 12th centuries ) for southern Iraq . It means `` black land '' and refers to the stark contrast between the alluvial plain of Mesopotamia and the Arabian desert . Under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates , it was an official political term for a province encompassing most of modern Iraq ( except for the western desert and al-Jazira in the north ) . As a generic term , it was used to denote the irrigated and cultivated areas in any district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef7bc3c89637a35ef70a6d64ab1dc615", "text": "Afro-Iraqi Afro-Iraqis are an ethnic group that is descended from people of Zanj heritage in Iraq . Most are found in the southern port city of Basra , with many speaking Arabic and adhering to Islam . There are more than 500,000 Afro-Iraqis .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9742d5b9932719a2532780defa7168a0	The New Adventures of Old Christine is a sitcom made in America.	[ { "docid": "443a6fcc3551dd56e9f41009c50d83de", "text": "The New Adventures of Old Christine The New Adventures of Old Christine ( often shortened to simply Old Christine ) is an American television sitcom starring Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Christine Campbell , a middle-aged divorced mother who struggles to keep pace with those around her . Clark Gregg co-starred as her ex-husband Richard , with whom Christine maintains a close relationship despite their divorce , as well as Hamish Linklater as her brother Matthew and Wanda Sykes as her best friend Barb . It originally ran on CBS from March 13 , 2006 , to May 12 , 2010 . The New Adventures of Old Christine was created and produced by Kari Lizer as well as Andy Ackerman ( who directed all 88 episodes of the series ) , and distributed by Warner Bros. . Television . The series received generally positive reviews from television critics and was nominated for nine Primetime Emmy Awards , winning one for Louis-Dreyfus ' performance in the first season . In May 2010 , CBS canceled The New Adventures of Old Christine after five seasons .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f6109d5f4220366e5775a0c00520a5c", "text": "Christine Campbell (character) Christine `` Old Christine '' Campbell ( née Kimble ) is the title character of The New Adventures of Old Christine , portrayed by Julia Louis-Dreyfus in her Primetime Emmy Award winning role . The series surrounds her as she starts to live a more complicated daily life when her ex-husband dates a younger woman , also named Christine . Julia Louis-Dreyfus received critical acclaim for her performance as Christine , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc8bf81f27171c034bdfe3b7a72d18a", "text": "History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 . After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences . This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab992621a87116f99561894b556667d", "text": "The Slap Maxwell Story The Slap Maxwell Story ( sometimes seen in print as The `` Slap '' Maxwell Story ) is a sitcom broadcast in the United States by ABC as part of its 1987 -- 88 lineup . It starred Dabney Coleman as `` Slap '' Maxwell , an egocentric sportswriter for a newspaper called The Ledger , somewhere in the American Southwest . The Ledger is an old-fashioned newspaper , and Slap is an old-fashioned man , who composes his `` Slap Shots '' column on a typewriter . Despite the newly litigious environment of journalism , Slap insists on filling his column with rumor and innuendo , which draws lawsuits and frequently results in Slap 's termination . After each termination , Slap makes groveling apologies and is rehired . Slap has an on-again , off-again relationship with Judy ( Megan Gallagher ) , one of the paper 's secretaries . The series also featured Annie ( Susan Anspach ) as Slap 's ex-wife , who retains a soft spot for him . Each episode featured a recurring joke in which someone would hit Slap . The show was created by Jay Tarses , who in 1983 was co-creator of Buffalo Bill , an NBC sitcom in which Coleman starred as an off-putting talk show host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01757044222d499fd05350e44fa587f0", "text": "The Looney Tunes Show The Looney Tunes Show is an American animated sitcom that ran from May 3 , 2011 , through August 31 , 2014 , on Cartoon Network . The show consist of two series , each containing 26 episodes , and features characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons updated for the 21st century . It is produced by Warner Bros. . Animation . On July 29 , 2014 , producer Tony Cervone confirmed that the series would not be renewed for a third season in light of Wabbit . Looney Tunes : Rabbits Run is an animated direct-to-video spin-off film released on August 4 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c21ae187c6addcb69a357945512b638", "text": "Mrs. California `` Mrs. California '' is the ninth episode of the eighth season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's 161st episode overall . `` Mrs. California '' aired on NBC in the United States on December 1 , 2011 . The episode was written by consulting producer Dan Greaney , marking his first writing credit for the series , and was directed by Charlie Grandy . The series -- presented as if it were a real documentary -- depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania , branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In the episode , Robert California ( James Spader ) brings his wife ( Maura Tierney ) into the office for a job , and tells Andy Bernard ( Ed Helms ) behind her back not to give her one . Meanwhile , Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) opens a gym in the building and tries to get Darryl Philbin ( Craig Robinson ) to join it . Tierney was brought in to play the role of California 's wife because showrunner Paul Lieberstein stated that he was `` a big fan of hers '' . `` Mrs. California '' received mixed responses from television critics . According to Nielsen Media Research , the episode received 5.74 million viewers and received a 2.9 rating/7 % share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49 , staying even with the ratings from the previous episode , `` Gettysburg '' . The episode also ranked at first in its time slot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbf4c21f2574bac40110da37034fa8cc", "text": "The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies . The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bea8bfb24d3881bca037cda37511d0b", "text": "Christine Lahti Christine Ann Lahti ( born April 4 , 1950 ) is an American actress . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift . Her other film roles include ... And Justice for All ( 1979 ) , Housekeeping ( 1987 ) , Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , and Leaving Normal ( 1992 ) . For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love , she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film . Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends , and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter ( 1982 ) and The Heidi Chronicles ( 1989 ) . An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee , she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home , and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope ( 1995 -- 99 ) . She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage . She also had a recurring role as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2009 -- 11 ) , as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 ( 2012 -- 16 ) , and Laurel Hitchin in NBC 's The Blacklist ( 2015 -- 17 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ad1f8ac6659baedd980505c7ba5ac61", "text": "The Tomfoolery Show The Tomfoolery Show is an American cartoon comedy television series made and first broadcast in 1970 , based on the works of Edward Lear . The animation was done at the Halas and Batchelor Studios in London and Stroud . Though the works of other writers were also used , notably Lewis Carroll and Ogden Nash , Lear 's works were the main source , and characters like the Yongy-Bonghy-Bo and the Umbrageous Umbrella Maker were all Lear creations . Other regular characters included the Enthusiastic Elephant , the Fizzgiggious Fish , and the Scroobious Snake . Some original material was also written based on characters created by Lear , although much of the material was a straight recital of poems and limericks or songs using Lear 's poems set to music . A recurring joke had a delivery boy running around trying to deliver a large plant and shouting ` Plant for Mrs Discobolus ! ' . Some of the gags were based on Abbott and Costello skits which involved one of the regular characters in troubling situations . A cooking lesson for a silly recipe was presented in each episode . The series was produced by Rankin/Bass , and Videocraft International , who also made the Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and Frosty the Snowman television specials . The series was made in England , featuring the voices of Peter Hawkins , Bernard Spear , and the Maury Laws Singers . The series received mostly mixed and negative reviews for not using original material . The series was not renewed after one year on the air . Original air : September 12 , 1970 - September 4 , 1971", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d170d97996e2f22caf5ea867b83f9ce", "text": "Comedy Central (India) Comedy Central in India is a localised version of Comedy Central which first began in the United States in the 1990s and in India on 23 January 2012 . The channel 's programming concentrates solely on comedy . The English language comedy content programming with the options of the audio language feeds on direct-to-home ( DTH ) . The channel airs a variety of comedy styles , including sitcoms , reality , classics and candid-camera . The channel is owned by Viacom 18 , a 50:50 joint venture between Viacom Inc. and Network18 . It is available in over 20 million households across the country and across analogue , digital cable & DTH . The group also went on to organise a live event featuring English comedian Russell Brand who performed at this three-city tour which included New Delhi , Bangalore , and Mumbai . The event was organised by Comedy Central India in association with Viacom 18 and Meraevents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753798a9e512083c2a20d8cf708a39a3", "text": "Excellence in Broadcasting `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' is the second episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It originally aired on Fox in the United States on October 3 , 2010 . The episode features anthropomorphic dog Brian , an adamant liberal , confronting conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh at a book signing in Quahog , and ultimately having a political change of heart when Limbaugh convinces him to read his latest book . Brian eventually decides to become a devoted member of the Republican Party , and soon begins criticizing liberals . This leads Brian to become roommates with Limbaugh , and begins following him everywhere , before Limbaugh convinces Brian of his true political convictions . The episode was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by John Holmquist . It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references , in addition to receiving both praise and criticism from conservative news outlets . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 7.94 million homes in its original airing . As well as Limbaugh , the episode featured guest performances by Gary Cole , Christine Lakin , Phil LaMarr , Shelley Long , Nana Visitor and Rainn Wilson , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' was released on DVD along with three other episodes from the season on December 13 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3952392bc5544fae35ffe8cf10ebebd", "text": "Sesame Street Sesame Street is a long-running American children 's television series , produced by Sesame Workshop ( formerly known as the Children 's Television Workshop ) and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett . The program is known for its educational content , and images communicated through the use of Jim Henson 's Muppets , animation , short films , humor , and cultural references . The series premiered on November 10 , 1969 , to positive reviews , some controversy , and high viewership ; it has aired on the U.S. 's national public television provider ( PBS ) since its debut , with its first run moving to premium channel HBO on January 16 , 2016 . The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history . The format of Sesame Street consists of a combination of commercial television production elements and techniques which have evolved to reflect the changes in American culture and the audience 's viewing habits . With the creation of Sesame Street , producers and writers of a children 's television show used , for the first time , educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content . It was also the first time a show 's educational effects were studied . Shortly after creating Sesame Street , its producers developed what came to be called the `` CTW model '' ( after the production company 's previous name ) , a system of television show planning , production , and evaluation based on collaborations between producers , writers , educators , and researchers . The show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements , international sales , and other media . By 2006 , there were independently produced versions , or `` co-productions '' , of Sesame Street broadcast in twenty countries . In 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street , and by the show 's 40th anniversary in 2009 , it was broadcast in more than 140 countries . By its 40th anniversary in 2009 , Sesame Street was the fifteenth-highest-rated children 's television show in the United States . A 1996 survey found that 95 % of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old . In 2008 , it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children . As of 2014 , Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards -- more than any other children 's show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea5e7bd92ef9981648ea421bd06a7082", "text": "The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show is an American animated television program produced by Filmation for MGM Television in 1980 , on CBS for Saturday mornings . The show lasted two seasons ( with season two consisting of reruns ) and the individual episodes were eventually added to syndicated Tom and Jerry packages , and also occasionally appeared on Cartoon Network and Boomerang , as well as , in 2013 , airing on UK satellite channel Pop . Most voices were done by Frank Welker ( mainly Tom and Jerry ) and Filmation head Lou Scheimer provided the voice of Nibbles ( erroneously giving him an adult voice ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a134b7385db2dc3b2c8ed1002a90851", "text": "Average Betty Average Betty is a short-format , food entertainment web series written , produced , and performed by Sara O'Donnell . The web series debuted on iTunes in August 2006 as an innovative blend of cooking and campy comedy sketches . The unique format caused some people to question if Average Betty was even a cooking show at all . The show attracted millions of viewers and it received accolades from both new and traditional media , including Fox News , Yahoo! , and the food editors at the Los Angeles Times , and The Tampa Tribune . The Food Editor at The Tampa Tribune , published a full-page article featuring sixteen color photos , `` Bye-Bye , Betty Crocker Hello Average Betty , '' in the Flavor Section . A preview of the article , `` Betty Has A Recipe For Web Success , '' made the front page of The Tampa Tribune . In October 2007 Average Betty made the Los Angeles KTTV-Fox 11 10 o'clock news in a story called Average Betty Heating up the Internet ! In November 2007 , Average Betty again made the Fox 10 o'clock news , this time in her hometown of Tampa Bay , Florida . In December , 2007 , iTunes named Average Betty a `` Best of 2007 Podcast . '' The show has evolved beyond its campy comedy sketch origins . It now includes creative recipes , cooking demonstrations , and interviews with celebrity chef 's such as Michael Chiarello , Ming Tsai , and Stephanie Izard . Adam Gropman , of LA Weekly , describes O'Donnell as `` an Internet phenomenon , a self-created culinary personality finding an audience without the benefit of a book deal , magazines or a TV show . '' In 2011 , O'Donnell became one of 16 YouTube cooking channels selected for the first class of YouTube Next Chefs , which included $ 10,000 of grant money , $ 5,000 of equipment , and expert tutoring from Google/YouTube . The program is intended to focus attention on up-and-coming food vloggers . AverageBetty 's web traffic increased significantly as a result , averaging 75,000 to 100,000 monthly views on YouTube .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cf234c0bb3fb6631b05366144f69f9a", "text": "A Ward Show `` A Ward Show '' is the third episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series American Dad ! . It aired on Fox in the United States on November 6 , 2011 . The episode plot mainly revolves around Roger becoming Steve 's legal guardian , but he gets a little overzealous in the parenting department . Meanwhile , Stan and Francine decide to go on a vacation to Flash Flood Acres , The Largest Water Park in the Universe . But after spending two hours there they go on every ride , so they decide to get a refund from the manager , but fail when they learn he would not be back until Thursday . This episode was written by Erik Durbin and directed by Josue Cervantes . This episode generally received positive reviews . Rowan Kaiser from The A.V. Club rated this episode a Grade B + . During its initial airing , the episode was viewed by 4.85 million households and achieved a 1.6 rating in the 18-49 demographic , according to the Nielson ratings . It featured a guest appearance from Anjelica Huston and Sally Struthers , as well as several recurring voice actors and actresses for the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b32df42479e1bc201563b1eed96eda", "text": "That '80s Show That '80s Show is an American sitcom that aired from January through May 2002 . Despite having a similar name , show structure , and many of the same writers and production staff , it is not considered a direct-sequel of the more successful That '70s Show . The characters and story lines from both shows never crossed paths . Although the main character , Corey Howard ( Glenn Howerton ) , is designed as Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) cousin , the show itself was a separate decade-based show created because of That '70s Show '' 's popularity at the time . The show was set in 1984 and revolved around the lives of a group of friends living in San Diego , California . It debuted January 23 , 2002 , and the final episode aired May 29 , 2002 . Its regular time slot was on Wednesday nights at 8:00 / 7:00 Central on the Fox Network , although a few shows were aired on different nights . Its main time slot competitors were ABC 's My Wife and Kids , CBS 's 60 Minutes II , and NBC 's Ed '' . All 13 episodes , which were filmed at CBS Studio Center , aired at least once .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebfa15133a7a150d1e142236eb8ae0d6", "text": "What's Happening!! What 's Happening !! is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from August 5 , 1976 , to April 28 , 1979 . The show premiered as a summer series . With good ratings and reviews , and after the failure of several other shows on the network , What 's Happening !! returned in November 1976 as a weekly series . It remained a regular show until 1979 ; ratings were modest . What 's Happening !! was loosely based on the Eric Monte-penned film Cooley High . From 1985 to 1988 , a sequel series called What 's Happening Now !! aired in first-run syndication , with most of the major cast members reprising their roles . What 's Happening !! was Bud Yorkin 's second series after he ended his partnership with Norman Lear in Tandem Productions . The show was produced by TOY Productions , which was formed by Yorkin , Saul Turtletaub , and Bernie Orenstein after the split .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e1d5972cac6b04bb806f4b72676ac87", "text": "List of Three's Company episodes Three 's Company is an American sitcom that aired from 1977 to 1984 on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0004b2483fa7fa9b9f34757eaa19b483", "text": "The Adventures of Mark & Brian The Adventures of Mark & Brian is a comedy television program that was broadcast by NBC as part of its 1991 fall lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c27c0cc10839306de41e2a9e60c34cf", "text": "Nella the Princess Knight Nella the Princess Knight is an American-Irish-British animated children 's television series created by Christine Ricci . The series debuted on Nickelodeon in the United States on February 6 , 2017 . The series debuted on May 1 , 2017 on Nick Jr. in Australia , and May 6 , 2017 on Treehouse TV in Canada . On May 24 , 2017 , it was renewed for a second season .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a1f1ed62635e92807d2849e339b93286	Hogwarts is a fictional setting created by Daniel Radcliffe.	[ { "docid": "1022eaffedbf6cef7ebb78bda24b06b6", "text": "Hogwarts Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry , shortened Hogwarts , is a fictional British school of magic for students aged eleven to eighteen , and is the primary setting for the first six books in J.K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant ( Croton capitatus ) , which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the series , although the names `` The Hogwarts '' and `` Hoggwart '' appear in the 1954 Nigel Molesworth book How To Be Topp by Geoffrey Willans . Hogwarts school was voted as the 36th best Scottish educational establishment in a 2008 online ranking , outranking Edinburgh 's Loretto School . According to a director of the Independent Schools Network Rankings , it was added to the schools listing `` for fun '' and was then voted on .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0fd353359f873fd2f4e64357b9a1cce8", "text": "Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall . This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series . Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9baaff2be7a370de21e0a1c491e4c1ea", "text": "George Percy, Earl Percy George Dominic Percy , Earl Percy ( born 4 May 1984 ) , is the heir apparent to the Dukedom of Northumberland . Percy was born as the second child and elder son of the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland . He became heir apparent to the dukedom in 1995 , when his uncle Henry , 11th Duke of Northumberland , died . Percy 's parents , now Duke and Duchess of Northumberland , were eager to protect him from `` vices and pitfalls '' , and filed a lawsuit to prevent him from inheriting # 1 million and a # 250,000 annual income upon turning 18 . In 1999 , they succeeded in delaying the inheritance , which Lord Percy received at the age of 25 . George Percy is also set to inherit Alnwick Castle , famously known as Hogwarts ' School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the Harry Potter films . He served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1996 to 1998 . He is also a direct descendant of Charles II of England through multiple descents . Earl Percy was educated at Eton College , and studied geography at the University of Edinburgh , specialising in sustainable development and renewable energy . He graduated in 2008 , having shared a house with Pippa Middleton , with whom he has been linked since . Percy studied Arabic language at the University of Damascus , and later worked in Abu Dhabi . He is the managing director of energy company Cluff Geothermal with Paul Younger . As old family friends , Lord Percy and his family attended the wedding of Middleton 's sister Catherine and Prince William , Duke of Cambridge , in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03741fcf36c7578201bc5a3109915e1f", "text": "Danny, the Champion of the World Danny , the Champion of the World is a 1975 children 's book by Roald Dahl . The plot centers on Danny , a young English boy , and his father , William , who live in a Gypsy caravan fixing cars for a living and partake in poaching pheasants . It was first published in 1975 in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf , Inc. and in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape . It was adapted into a made-for-TV movie in 1989 by Thames Television which starred Jeremy Irons . It is based on Dahl 's adult short story `` Champion of the World '' which first appeared in print in The New Yorker magazine , as did some of the other short stories that would later be reprinted as Kiss Kiss ( 1960 ) . Peter Serafinowicz provides the English language audiobook recording .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40beaa6a5759fcf7594dd3d6103911f9", "text": "The Secret of Platform 13 The Secret of Platform 13 is a children 's novel by Eva Ibbotson , and illustrated by Sue Porter , first published in 1994 . The book has gained extra significance as many readers find it similar to the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling , as the first book of that series , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone was published in 1997 , three years after this book was published . ( They both mention a platform on Kings Cross Station , in London , that leads to a different world . ) As journalist Amanda Craig has written , `` Ibbotson would seem to have at least as good a case for claiming plagiarism as the American author currently suing J. K. Rowling , but unlike her , Ibbotson says she would ` like to shake her by the hand . I think we all borrow from each other as writers . ' ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a43228f6c3fdf44eddec1ea3083f9c1", "text": "The Dangerous Book for Boys The Dangerous Book for Boys , by Conn and Hal Iggulden , is a guidebook published by HarperCollins , aimed at boys `` from eight to eighty . '' It covers around eighty topics , including how to build a treehouse , grow a crystal , or tell direction with a watch . Also included are famous quotes , stories , battles , and phrases that `` every boy should know . '' It was published in the UK in June 2006 , and reached number one in the UK non-fiction charts several times , selling over half a million copies . Conn Iggulden also published a novel , Wolf of the Plains , about Genghis Khan , which , along with The Dangerous Book for Boys , allowed Iggulden to be the first author to reach the number one spot in both the fiction and non-fiction charts . Within the first week of its US publication on 1 May 2007 , it reached number two on the Amazon.com best-selling book lists , being outsold only by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows . Other people who contributed to the success of the book include the editorial team at the time , which consisted of Katie Espiner and Clare Hey , and Helen Johnstone , who won the 2007 British Book Industry Award for best publicity campaign .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d0ac80a9b3e8ec8781d4574b6d32cb2", "text": "Harry Kipling Harry Kipling is a comics character appearing in the British weekly anthology 2000 AD , created by Simon Spurrier and Boo Cook . He is a True Brit , trying to survive in a world of rampant Pantheistic solipsism aided only by strong tea and a big gun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85330806bb25574c3042a48f4c5f3df3", "text": "Richard Dinnick Richard Dinnick ( born 22 January 1968 ) is a British screenwriter , novelist , and audio playwright . He is the winner of the 2012 BBC Writersroom opportunity to create a new show and to write for TV on the BBC and is now writing on the CBeebies TV shows Tree Fu Tom and Go Jetters - amongst others - as well as Mind Candy 's new Moshi Monsters TV show . He was one of six finalists in a recent BBC Academy opportunity to workshop a script for Waterloo Road . Dinnick is now Head Writer on the new Disney TV show Eena Meena Deeka and in-development action adventure show Captain Extraordinary . He was also a BAFTA Judge for Children 's Drama and produced a session for the 2014 Children 's Media Conference . He is developing several ideas for TV including a fantasy drama , Never After and a primetime crime drama , Murder of Crows , which is the first of its kind . Richard is currently in pre-production on new web series -- Light & Shadows -- with Capital City Entertainment as writer/producer . Dinnick is also developing a workplace drama , No Kidding , and an urban fantasy show , The Last Horseman . Dinnick has written prose , scripts and comics for many media properties including MGM 's Stargate and the BBC 's Doctor Who , as well as adapting the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- including The Hound of the Baskervilles -- for CD release . His first novel Alien Adventures was published by BBC Children 's Books in 2010 and he has since gone on to write books and short stories for Penguin UK , Titan Publishing , Black Library , Running Press and Snow Books . He has also written comic strips for IDW and BBC Magazines and his first original graphic novel is in the works . He is also often a guest at writing events ( including the London Screenwriters ' Festival ) and Doctor Who conventions ( such as Gallifrey One ) . His pre-school series Elf Stackers is in the commissioning process with the BBC . Dinnick is a member of the Writers Guild of Great Britain and the Royal Television Society and a Patron of the Children 's Media Foundation . His UK TV agent is Emily Smith at The Agency and his manager in the USA is Joe Riley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01bd18c19e169a548089b6d402e076ec", "text": "Laws of Magic (The Dresden Files) The Laws of Magic are a set of rules governing the use of magic by wizards in the fictional world of The Dresden Files series of novels . Developed and enforced by the White Council , a fictional co-operative of magic Practitioners , the Laws of Magic are primarily intended to guard against the misuse of magic by wizards against humans . The White Council openly apply the Seven Laws on any person capable of doing magic , despite admitting only the most powerful practitioners to their ranks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7da93caa5087a450bfce0a05c0fae538", "text": "Thomas Taylor (artist) Thomas Henry Taylor ( born 22 May 1973 ) is a British children 's writer and illustrator . He studied at Anglia Ruskin University . He painted the cover art for the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone . Due to the number of questions regarding the identity of the wizard illustrated on the back cover of the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , and thanks to the contribution of an Argentine named Alfonso Ferrer in Taylor 's blog , in February 2016 , he decided to name him Robertus Tallis . He has written and illustrated several picture books , starting with George and Sophie 's Museum Adventure in 1999 , and has two children 's novels , Haunters and Dan of the Dead , due to be published in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8ca59b5de5102e23e34fcb01f94f4f4", "text": "Minerva Press Minerva Press was a publishing house , noted for creating a lucrative market in sentimental and Gothic fiction in the late 18th century and early 19th century . It was established by William Lane ( 1745 ? -1814 ) at No 33 Leadenhall Street , London , when he moved his circulating library there in about 1790 . Among his stable of writers were many female authors including Regina Maria Roche ( The Maid of Hamlet , 1793 ; Clermont , 1798 ) ; Mrs. Eliza Parsons ( The Castle of Wolfenbach , 1793 ; The Mysterious Warning , 1796 ) ; and Eleanor Sleath ( The Orphan of the Rhine , 1798 ) whose Gothic fiction is included in the list of the seven Northanger Horrid Novels , recommended by the character Isabella Thorpe in Jane Austen 's novel of similar name . Six of the Northanger Seven were published by Minerva . However many titles were anonymous , including such novels as Count Roderic 's Castle ( 1794 ) , The Haunted Castle ( 1794 ) , The Animated Skeleton ( 1798 ) and The New Monk ( 1798 ) , and the five novels of Helen Craik . Authors such as Emma Parker ( `` Emma de Lisle '' ) and Amelia de Beauclerc , who wrote for Minerva Press in the 1800s , are obscure today , and the market for Minerva 's books became negligible after the death of its charismatic founder . Lane was succeeded as proprietor of the Minerva Press by his partner , Anthony King ( A. K. ) Newman , who gradually dropped the Minerva name from his books ' title pages during the 1820s . Later books published by the press bear the imprint `` A. K. Newman & Co. . '' In the 20th century , the name Minerva Press was used by at least one publisher unconnected with the original firm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fa4d8dce4971a2b81a7c2c64773017", "text": "Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffa05d8be09803c6c9fca3101e248399", "text": "T. P. Wiseman Timothy Peter Wiseman FBA ( born 3 February 1940 ) , who usually publishes as T. P. Wiseman and is named as Peter Wiseman in other sources , is a classical scholar and professor emeritus of the University of Exeter . He has published numerous books and articles , primarily on the literature and the social and political history of the late Roman Republic , but also the mythography of early Rome and Roman theatre . Among Wiseman 's students at Exeter was J.K. Rowling , about whose encounters with ancient authors he has written . Because of his connection with Rowling , Wiseman attracted brief pop-culture notoriety when media speculated that he was a model for the character of Albus Dumbledore in the Harry Potter series of books and movies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d9728b77ad91ce79c756720eee6ab8a", "text": "Gerald Gardner (Wiccan) Gerald Brosseau Gardner ( 1884 -- 1964 ) , also known by the craft name Scire , was an English Wiccan , as well as an author and an amateur anthropologist and archaeologist . He was instrumental in bringing the Contemporary Pagan religion of Wicca to public attention , writing some of its definitive religious texts and founding the tradition of Gardnerian Wicca . Born into an upper-middle-class family in Blundellsands , Lancashire , Gardner spent much of his childhood abroad in Madeira . In 1900 , he moved to colonial Ceylon , and then in 1911 to Malaya , where he worked as a civil servant , independently developing an interest in the native peoples and writing papers and a book about their magical practices . After his retirement in 1936 , he travelled to Cyprus , penning the novel A Goddess Arrives before returning to England . Settling down near the New Forest , he joined an occult group , the Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship , through which he claimed to have encountered the New Forest coven into which he was initiated in 1939 . Believing the coven to be a survival of the pre-Christian Witch-Cult discussed in the works of Margaret Murray , he decided to revive the faith , supplementing the coven 's rituals with ideas borrowed from Freemasonry , ceremonial magic and the writings of Aleister Crowley to form the Gardnerian tradition of Wicca . Moving to London in 1945 , following the repeal of the Witchcraft Act of 1736 he became intent on propagating this religion , attracting media attention and writing about it in High Magic 's Aid ( 1949 ) , Witchcraft Today ( 1954 ) and The Meaning of Witchcraft ( 1959 ) . Founding a Wiccan group known as the Bricket Wood coven , he introduced a string of High Priestesses into the religion , including Doreen Valiente , Lois Bourne , Patricia Crowther and Eleanor Bone , through which the Gardnerian community spread throughout Britain and subsequently into Australia and the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s . Involved for a time with Cecil Williamson , Gardner also became director of the Museum of Magic and Witchcraft on the Isle of Man , which he ran until his death . Gardner is internationally recognised as the `` Father of Wicca '' among the Pagan and occult communities . His claims regarding the New Forest coven have been widely scrutinised , with Gardner being the subject of investigation for historians and biographers such as Aidan Kelly , Ronald Hutton and Philip Heselton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d0d2b7726f3f1f34c679f08d790117", "text": "Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows is a book containing religious texts and instructions for magical rituals found within the Neopagan religion of Wicca.Throughout the centuries many practicing witches would account their knowledge in their Book Of Shadows , however once witches were threatened by the prospect of being executed many , wisely , stopped and destroyed their BoS in order to stay safe and alive . However there are still several books that have managed to survived through history . One famous Book of Shadows was created by the pioneering Wiccan Gerald Gardner sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s , and which he utilised first in his Bricket Wood coven and then in other covens which he founded in following decades . The Book of Shadows is also used by other Wiccan traditions , such as Alexandrianism and Mohsianism , and with the rise of books teaching people how to begin following Wicca in the 1970s onward , the idea of the Book of Shadows was then further propagated amongst solitary practitioners unconnected to earlier traditions . Initially , when Wicca was still dominated by covens , `` only one copy -LSB- of the Book -RSB- existed for an entire coven , kept by the high priestess or high priest . That rule has proved unfeasible , and it is -LSB- now -RSB- commonplace for all Witches to have their own copies . '' In the various traditions that make up British Traditional Wicca , copies of the original Book composed by Gerald Gardner with the aid of his High Priestess Doreen Valiente , along with alterations and additions that have been made since then , is followed by adherents . They have tried to keep the contents of this Book a secret , although it has been published on a number of occasions by figures such as Charles Cardell , Lady Sheba , and Janet and Stewart Farrar . In other Wiccan traditions and amongst a number of solitary practitioners , alternate versions of the Book have been written that are independent of Gardner 's original . Numerous associations and traditions have since grown up around the Book of Shadows . Traditionally , `` a Witch 's book of shadows is destroyed upon death . '' The concept of the Book of Shadows has subsequently appeared in popular culture , for instance being utilised in the American television series Charmed and providing the title of films , musical albums and comics . However , in all these cases it was taken out of its original Wiccan context .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "528d67e51cf967aee2e03c09773bf464", "text": "A. J. Raffles (character) Arthur J. Raffles is a character created in the 1890s by E. W. Hornung , brother-in-law to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , the creator of Sherlock Holmes . Raffles is , in many ways , a deliberate inversion of Holmeshe is a `` gentleman thief '' , living at the Albany , a prestigious address in London , playing cricket for the Gentlemen of England and supporting himself by carrying out ingenious burglaries . He is called the `` Amateur Cracksman '' , and often , at first , differentiates between himself and the `` professors `` professional criminals from the lower classes . As Holmes has Dr. Watson to chronicle his adventures , Raffles has Harry `` Bunny '' Mandersa former schoolmate saved from disgrace and suicide by Raffles , whom Raffles persuaded to accompany him on a burglary . While Raffles often takes advantage of Manders ' relative innocence , and sometimes treats him with a certain amount of contempt , he knows that Manders ' bravery and loyalty are to be relied on utterly . In several stories , Manders saves the day for the two of them after Raffles gets into situations he can not get out of on his own . One of the things that Raffles has in common with Holmes is a mastery of disguiseduring his days as an ostensible man-about-town , he maintains a studio apartment in another name in which he keeps the components of various disguises . He can imitate the regional speech of many parts of Britain flawlessly , and is fluent in Italian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e0b40ab107845dae5414e90e4c3615", "text": "Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' . The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows : Fiction William Boyd - Any Human Heart Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up ! Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal Nick Hornby - How to Be Good Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story Matthew Kneale - English Passengers Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now Ali Smith - The Accidental Zadie Smith - White Teeth Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction Pat Barker - Regeneration Non-fiction Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival Niall Ferguson - Empire Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World Malcolm Gladwell - Blink Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation Crime Donna Tartt - The Secret History P. D. James - A Certain Justice John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders Alex Garland - The Beach Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy Travel and adventure Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari Biography Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life Jeremy Paxman - The English Essays Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson Alistair Cooke - Letter from America", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94486546ed2f068c6b7588250cf0b064", "text": "Alchemy in art and entertainment Alchemy has had a long-standing relationship with art , seen both in alchemical texts and in mainstream entertainment . Literary alchemy appears throughout the history of English literature from Shakespeare to modern Fantasy authors . Here , characters or plot structure follow an alchemical magnum opus . In the fourteenth century , Chaucer began a trend of alchemical satire that can still be seen in recent fantasy works like those of Terry Pratchett . Visual artists had a similar relationship with alchemy . While some of them used alchemy as a source of satire , others worked with the alchemists themselves or integrated alchemical thought or symbols in their work . Music was also present in the works of alchemists and continues to influence popular performers . In the last hundred years , alchemists have been portrayed in a magical and spagyric role in fantasy fiction , film , television , comics and video games .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3d802b3dd789b4308a95edd93256cfba	Idris Elba was nominated five times for an award.	[ { "docid": "889cd40d56a7577480b59c9be30c84b6", "text": "Idris Elba Idrissa Akuna `` Idris '' Elba , ( -LSB- ˈɪdrᵻs_ˈɛlbə -RSB- born 6 September 1972 ) is an English actor , musician , and DJ . He is known for playing druglord Russell `` Stringer '' Bell on the HBO series The Wire , Detective John Luther on the BBC One series Luther , and Nelson Mandela in the biographical film Mandela : Long Walk to Freedom ( 2013 ) . He has been nominated four times for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film , winning one , and was nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy Award . Elba has appeared in films such as Ridley Scott 's American Gangster ( 2007 ) , Takers ( 2010 ) , Thor ( 2011 ) , Prometheus ( 2012 ) , Pacific Rim ( 2013 ) , Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) and Beasts of No Nation ( 2015 , for which he received BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actor ) , and Star Trek Beyond ( 2016 ) . In 2016 , he also voiced Chief Bogo in Zootopia , Shere Khan in The Jungle Book , and Fluke in Finding Dory . He will make his directorial debut with an adaptation of 1992 novel Yardie by Victor Headley . In addition to his acting work , Elba is a DJ under the moniker DJ Big Driis ( or Big Driis the Londoner ) and hip hop soul musician . In 2016 , he was named in the Time 100 list of the Most Influential People in the World .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2de615d218764aca1039ae71fbcd70db", "text": "20th Satellite Awards The 20th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year 's outstanding performers , films , and television shows , presented by the International Press Academy . It took place on February 21 , 2016 . The nominations were announced on December 1 , 2015 . The film The Martian leads all nominees with nine , including Best Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d70522556bbfe63b4711085cb622d23", "text": "6th Edda Awards The 6th Edda Awards were held on 14 November 2004 at Nordica Hótel in Reykjavik . The awards were hosted by actress/comedian Helga Braga Jónsdóttir and TV presenter Kristján Kristjánsson . For the first time only one award was given for Best Actor and Actress as well as the Supporting Actor and Actress . As in previous years the public was able to cast their votes online . The Icelandic Film and Television Academy had 70 % say in the results and the public 30 % . Except for the Best Television Personality where the public had 100 % say in the results . The film Kaldaljós , directed by Hilmar Oddson , was the winner of the evening taking five awards and receiving eight nominations . The Best Documentary category was interesting this year since two of the nominated films , Án Titils and Faux - í þessu máli , were about a high profile fraud case , where a great deal of paintings from Icelandic artists had been faked and sold . The goal was to make the court system change the laws on fraud of that kind since the laws were outdated and unclear . Ingvar E. Sigurðsson and Ómar Ragnarsson both won their third Eddas on the night . Sigurðsson his third Best Actor award and Ragnarsson the award for Best Television Personality . He had previously won an award for Best News Anchor in 2001 and 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6824ea1eab85c21438c65f7b681406", "text": "List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award . Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c30b951e8fd4b667e4b172a2866f376", "text": "Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role The Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Bodilprisen for bedste mandlige hovedrolle ) is one of the merit categories presented annually by the Danish Film Critics Association at the Bodil Awards . Created in 1948 , it is one of the oldest film awards in Europe , and it honours the best performance by an actor in a leading role in a Danish produced film . The jury can decide not to hand out the award . This has happened five times , in 1952 , 1970 , 1976 , 1985 , and in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d82ae1894f407d0704de570123be18ae", "text": "List of Iraqi films of 2014 The Iraqi film industry produced over five feature films in 2014 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by Iraq . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2014 . Also included is an overview of the major events in Iraqi film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that have been particularly well received , both critically and financially .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c2e6c4d6075ca2f7b075390271f376", "text": "David E. Campbell (sound engineer) David E. Campbell is an American sound engineer . He won an Academy Award for Best Sound and has been nominated for five more in the same category . He has worked on over 160 films since 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3e5ec1cd3f4e7a9b318570c7820b9a", "text": "Black Reel Awards of 2012 The 2012 Black Reel Awards , which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature , independent and television films , took place in Washington , D.C. on February 9 , 2012 . While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine , The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated . Attack the Block and Shame were also multiple winners , with each winning two awards . Octavia Spencer , Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d84599382c32d6dd2ae245d3a051593", "text": "World Soundtrack Award – Public Choice The Public Choice Award for the Best Score of the Year is an award by the World Soundtrack Academy . Each year , the general public votes for the nominees and the award is presented at the annual World Soundtrack Awards . The category has existed since 2001 , but there was not a winner nor a vote for 2003 's ceremony . In 2016 , the International Film Music Critics Association partnered with WSA in choosing the shortlist of nominees , selecting 30 scores representing the most outstanding works . The five nominees receiving the most votes became the final candidates for the award , with the winner announced at the awards gala .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79ee45ed83325535b3b268bfa98cfef7", "text": "Eisner Award The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards , commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards , are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books , sometimes referred to as the Comics Industry 's equivalent of the Oscar Awards . They are named in honor of the pioneering writer and artist Will Eisner , who was a regular participant in the award ceremony until his death in 2005 . The Eisner Awards include the Comic Industry 's Hall of Fame . The nominations in each category are generated by a five-member panel , then voted on by comic book professionals and presented at the annual San Diego Comic-Con International convention held in July , usually on a Friday .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b669d0ba5e944cea5535775e81d643bd", "text": "NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Independent Motion Picture This page lists the winners and nominees for the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Independent Motion Picture . This award has been given since 2005 and several films have been nominated for or won the Academy Award for Best Picture . These are listed with a symbol beside them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a811888a7c431f8479828e48a86816f", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series . This award and Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series replaced Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Series in 2003 . As of 2015 , no show has won this award more than once except for The Office , which has won twice ( 2007 and 2013 ) . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold and bold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f4528b7a9c007b582d1a0ebd710a3cf", "text": "4th IIFA Awards The 2003 IIFA Awards , officially known as the 4th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the best films of 2002 and took place on May 17 , 2003 . The official ceremony took place on April 6 , 2002 , at the Coca-Cola Dome , in Johannesburg . During the ceremony , IIFA Awards were awarded in 29 competitive categories . In 2003 , IIFA returned to South Africa . This time , the sun-kissed shores of Johannesburg was the destination . For the IIFA Forum , Ramesh Sippy , Smita Thackeray , Kunal Dasgupta , Shyam Shroff and Harish Dayani sat together with moderator Vir Sanghvi and discussed piracy and explored new revenue streams for the industry . The first-ever IIFA Foundation Charity Celebrity Cricket Match was organized at the Centurion Grounds . It was supported by the entire IIFA contingent , consisting of Indian and South African film stars , celebrities , cricketers , government leaders , IIFA 's South African partners and Indian and South African fans . The IIFA Awards ceremony shone bright at the Dome at Northgate . The evening was a stunning showcase of talent and Indian charisma . Hosts Anil Kapoor and Dia Mirza swept the audience with charm . Las Ketchup , Saif Ali Khan , Rani Mukherjee , Shilpa Shetty , Akshay Kumar , Salman Khan and Ajay Jadeja set a scorching pace with their electrifying performances . With the light of a million stars shining down upon it , this edition of the IIFA Awards 2003 closed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09551e69ac34e60adae141376a84bd37", "text": "List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards . The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
804ed1e485a58ac23bee4c7429f0edd2	Humanz is a collection of recordings.	[ { "docid": "47b916bf54865330cf561cf88661f966", "text": "Humanz Humanz is the fifth studio album by British virtual band Gorillaz . The album was released on 28 April 2017 via Parlophone and Warner Bros. . Records . The album was announced on the band 's official Instagram page on 23 March 2017 . According to a press release , the album was recorded in London , Paris , New York City , Chicago , and Jamaica and produced by Gorillaz , The Twilite Tone and Remi Kabaka , Jr. . It is the band 's first studio album since 2010 's The Fall , and features collaborations from several artists including Vince Staples , Popcaan , D.R.A.M. , Grace Jones , Anthony Hamilton , De La Soul , Danny Brown , Kelela , Mavis Staples , Pusha T , and Benjamin Clementine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09fb20ee6fb5f2c660fb4e77d1f52b11", "text": "Album An album is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD , record , audio tape or another medium . Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century , first as books of individual 78rpm records , then from 1948 as vinyl LP records played at rpm . Vinyl LPs are still issued , though in the 21st-century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc ( CD ) and MP3 formats . The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl . An album may be recorded in a recording studio ( fixed or mobile ) , in a concert venue , at home , in the field , or a mix of places . The time frame for completely recording an album varies between a few hours to several years . This process usually requires several takes with different parts recorded separately , and then brought or `` mixed '' together . Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed `` live '' , even when done in a studio . Studios are built to absorb sound , eliminating reverberation , so as to assist in mixing different takes ; other locations , such as concert venues and some `` live rooms '' , allow for reverberation , which creates a `` live '' sound . The majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing , sound effects , voice adjustments , etc. . With modern recording technology , musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at separate times while listening to the other parts using headphones ; with each part recorded as a separate track . Album covers and liner notes are used , and sometimes additional information is provided , such as analysis of the recording , and lyrics or librettos . Historically , the term `` album '' was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format . In musical usage the word was used for collections of short pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century . Later , collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums ( one side of a 78 rpm record could hold only about 3.5 minutes of sound ) . When long-playing records were introduced , a collection of pieces on a single record was called an album ; the word was extended to other recording media such as compact disc , MiniDisc , Compact audio cassette , and digital albums as they were introduced .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "985336798cbcbd76be5345da017ba635", "text": "Dial Records (1946) Dial Records was an American record company and label that specialized first in bebop jazz and then in contemporary classical music . It was founded in 1946 by Ross Russell . Notable artists who recorded for Dial included Charlie Parker , who signed an exclusive one-year recording contract with Russell on 26 February 1946 , Miles Davis , Max Roach , and Milt Jackson . Dial Records were initially made for the Tempo Music Shop of Hollywood , California , but soon relocated to New York City . Labels of Dial Records said that they were `` Contemporary American Music '' , a dig at the traditionalist American Music Records label . In the summer of 1949 Ross Russell announced a change of focus , with the label turning to the release of classical music by contemporary composers . The first release in this new series was Béla Bartók 's Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion . This series , titled the Library of Contemporary Classics , was inspired when Russell obtained the master tape of a recording of Arnold Schoenberg 's Chamber Symphony No. 1 from Blue Star Records in Paris , in lieu of payment for a number of Dial jazz masters for European distribution . Russell 's interests shifted focus again in 1953 , when he made field recordings of calypso music in the British , French , and Netherlands West Indies . This resulted in the Dial Ethnic Series ( Dial 400 label ) of ten ten-inch 33 1/3 rpm discs , issued between June and November 1953 . Dial also continued to release material from jazz sessions recorded earlier , but in 1954 Russell sold his jazz recordings to Concert Hall Records , sending them the master tapes , pressing lists , and log sheets on June 3 , 1954 . Mosaic Records released a limited edition box-set ( CD ) of Dial recordings called The Complete Dial Modern Jazz Sessions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a3e9100c60dbc2935a79ff28d0f3e5a", "text": "Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California . Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles . During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full . Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's . In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios . In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time . In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is : Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts . Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights . One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits . In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fecbb754b6b3ccf902d1889cbc2c533", "text": "Microphone array A microphone array is any number of microphones operating in tandem . There are many applications : Systems for extracting voice input from ambient noise ( notably telephones , speech recognition systems , hearing aids ) Surround sound and related technologies Binaural recording Locating objects by sound : acoustic source localization , e.g. , military use to locate the source ( s ) of artillery fire . Aircraft location and tracking . High fidelity original recordings Environmental Noise Monitoring Typically , an array is made up of omnidirectional microphones , directional microphones , or a mix of omnidirectional and directional microphones distributed about the perimeter of a space , linked to a computer that records and interprets the results into a coherent form . Arrays may also be formed using numbers of very closely spaced microphones . Given a fixed physical relationship in space between the different individual microphone transducer array elements , simultaneous DSP ( digital signal processor ) processing of the signals from each of the individual microphone array elements can create one or more `` virtual '' microphones . Different algorithms permit the creation of virtual microphones with extremely complex virtual polar patterns and even the possibility to steer the individual lobes of the virtual microphones patterns so as to home-in-on , or to reject , particular sources of sound . The application of these algorithms can produce varying levels of accuracy when calculating source level and location , and as such , care should be taken when deciding how the individual lobes of the virtual microphones are derived . In case the array consists of omnidirectional microphones they accept sound from all directions , so electrical signals of the microphones contain the information about the sounds coming from all directions . Joint processing of these sounds allows to select the sound signal coming from the given direction . So , microphone array selects the sound coming from a given direction by processing multichannel signals . An array of 1020 microphones , the largest in the world until August 21st 2014 , was built by researchers at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory . Currently the largest microphone array in the world was constructed by Sorama , a Netherlands-based sound engineering firm , in August 2014 . Their array consists of 4096 microphones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9990710d2a342bf60e447cf709815902", "text": "Home Recording Rights Coalition The Home Recording Rights Coalition is a non-profit advocacy organization in the U.S. , whose mission is to protect the rights of consumers to view , listen to , and record radio and television broadcasts . Founded in 1981 in response to the Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios , Inc. case , the group has more recently urged the U.S. Congress and Federal Communications Commission to prevent for-profit corporations and their trade organizations ( like the MPAA and RIAA ) from eroding or even destroying the private , in-home fair use of new digital audio and video technologies , such as DTV , HDTV , DAB , DVD and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33ff682d7ccc1a3b306fc8ca88587e8", "text": "Demo (music) A demo ( from `` demonstration '' ) is a song or group of songs recorded for limited circulation or reference use rather than for general public release . A demo is a way for a musician to approximate their ideas in a fixed format , such as cassette tape , compact disc , or digital audio files , and to thereby pass along those ideas to record labels , record producers , or to other artists . Musicians often use demos as quick sketches to share with bandmates or arrangers or simply for personal reference during the songwriting process ; in other cases a songwriter might make a demo to send to artists in hopes of having the song professionally recorded , or a music publisher may need a simple recording for publishing or copyright purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce9f8dc6979a161186d079f27b0c1dee", "text": "Going Deaf for a Living Going Deaf for a Living is a 1980 album by Fischer-Z . This was the second album by Fischer-Z featuring the `` classic line-up '' . The guitar on this album was made more prominent , after their rather keyboard prominent debut . This album , as well the following Red Skies Over Paradise , are considered by fans as the best work to be produced by Fischer-Z . The album featured the singles `` Room Service '' , `` Crazy Girl '' , `` Limbo '' and the most popular `` So Long '' , which hit # 72 in the UK singles chart , # 15 in Australia and # 26 in the Netherlands . `` So Long '' was the first single by Fischer-Z to have a video made for it , and still garners regular airplay on radio stations in Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49903c4915e45b2b0e814816304911ec", "text": "The Humans (band) The Humans are a rock band featuring singer Toyah Willcox , former REM drummer Bill Rieflin and musician Chris Wong . The band have released three studio albums , We Are The Humans , Sugar Rush and Strange Tales , and have performed live in the UK , Estonia and the USA . The Humans were formed in 2007 when musician Robert Fripp , who is married to Toyah Willcox , was invited to play a short tour in Estonia . Fripp decided to decline the invitation because he was retired . Willcox then contacted the Estonian Embassy , who had issued the invitation , and offered to put an act together for the tour . On acceptance by the Embassy , Willcox then contacted friend and former R.E.M musician , Bill Rieflin and suggested a collaboration and to '' ... do something that is just completely off the wall -LSB- with -RSB- just one bass and a voice '' . Rieflin and Willcox hired musician and musical director Chris Wong , who had previously worked with Willcox on her solo music tours and concerts , and The Humans three-piece outfit was complete . The band released their debut album We are the Humans on 1 May 2009 . The release was celebrated with a concert at the Tartu Music Festival , where the band was joined by Fripp on guitar . The Humans released their second album Sugar Rush on 27 September 2011 . A third , digital-only , album entitled Strange Tales was released worldwide in March 2014 . A UK tour , Telling Strange Tales , is scheduled for April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9a83195a78dbf05140f2ae13b58831d", "text": "Easy Listening for the Hard of Hearing Easy Listening for the Hard of Hearing is a collaboration album between Boyd Rice and Frank Tovey , recorded in 1981 , but released in 1984 on Mute Records , and is composed on 12 tracks labeled `` extractions '' 1-12 . Each extraction is a minimalist noise song , none of which use any conventional musical instruments . Instead the two use various everyday objects , a gas fire , water pipes and any furniture that happened to be lying around Blackwing Studios as instruments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e4a7fcab08f06534c6e465022d09de6", "text": "Condition Hüman Condition Hüman is the fifteenth studio album by American progressive heavy metal band Queensrÿche . It was released on October 2 , 2015 through Century Media . It is the second studio album recorded with vocalist Todd La Torre , after Geoff Tate was fired from the band and gave up the rights to the name after a two-year lawsuit regarding the rights to the Queensrÿche brand was amicably settled . The album 's first single , `` Arrow of Time , '' became available for streaming on July 20 , 2015 , the day the album 's title and release date were announced . It was recorded in early 2015 at Uberbeatz Studios in Washington and produced by Chris `` Zeuss '' Harris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65718582f62dd18f1c2a561a825bc88e", "text": "Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable . After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour . More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part : `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . '' On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e703b4e450e3bd52d9e409ecba6719d", "text": "International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music The International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music ( EMDoku ) is an extensive online database , which contains detailed information on over 33000 works , 7000 authors as well as media ( CD , DVD , tape , etc. ) , labels and studios . Electroacoustic music is understood as an umbrella term for tape music , acousmatic music , electronic music , musique concrète , field recordings , computer music , radio art , sound art , sound installations , live electronics etc. , and includes performances and venues such as concert hall , radio , film , installation , media and internet . The EMDoku is available in three forms on the internet : as a static HTML site ( German , English , French , Spanish , Russian ) as a relational database with web interface as a relational database over a TCP/IP-based network sharing In addition to music and media science research , the documentation is intended to enable historically informed performance practice and interpretation research . It is considered as an `` essential initiative '' for the preservation of electroacoustic music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7776d88dfe06c54f92224c93ade224ad", "text": "Audio signal An audio signal is a representation of sound , typically as an electrical voltage . Audio signals have frequencies in the audio frequency range of roughly 20 to 20,000 Hz ( the limits of human hearing ) . Audio signals may be synthesized directly , or may originate at a transducer such as a microphone , musical instrument pickup , phonograph cartridge , or tape head . Loudspeakers or headphones convert an electrical audio signal into sound . Digital representations of audio signals exist in a variety of formats . An audio channel or audio track is an audio signal communications channel in a storage device , used in operations such as multi-track recording and sound reinforcement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0964658b69fd3840ef28ab749f910e1d", "text": "Boz Scaggs (album) Boz Scaggs is the second album by Boz Scaggs ; it was released in 1969 . After two years with the Steve Miller Band , Scaggs once again set out on his own , recording at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield , Alabama . The other musicians on the album include Duane Allman , Eddie Hinton , Jimmy Johnson , Barry Beckett , David Hood , Roger Hawkins and Al Lester . It was produced by Rolling Stone founder and editor Jann Wenner , Scaggs and Marlin Greene . The album ( SD-8239 ) sold slowly despite positive reviews . Originally mixed by Stax Records ' engineer Terry Manning , it remained in the catalogue for a number of years and was deleted around 1974 or 1975 . In 1977 the album was remixed in Los Angeles by Tom Perry and was released by Atlantic ( SD-19166 ) in 1978 to spotlight Duane Allman 's guitar playing , with the same cover art . As well as the guitar , the remix brings several things forward in the mix such as horns and keyboards while burying the background vocals ; there is also an odd 30-second volume drop at the end of `` Finding Her '' . This remix was the only complete version of the album available on CD until the Audio Fidelity remastered release of December 2013 , which restored Manning 's original master mix in its entirety . In 2008 , the album was reissued by Friday Music on a 180 gram vinyl LP using Manning 's original mix for the first time since the album was originally released . In a 2012 updated list , the album listed at # 496 on the Rolling Stone 's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . In 2015 , UK Edsel Records reissued with two mixes in a 2-CD set , but amazingly , Edsel mislabeled the discs ( `` 1977 remixed '' plays `` 1969 original version '' ) ! As of 2017 , this has apparently not been corrected .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f90e8e53e9fff5c913520d851dd3a5ac", "text": "Field recording Field recording is the term used for an audio recording produced outside a recording studio , and the term applies to recordings of both natural and human-produced sounds . Field recording of natural sounds , also called phonography ( a term chosen to illustrate its similarities to photography ) , was originally developed as a documentary adjunct to research work in the field , and foley work for film . With the introduction of high-quality , portable recording equipment , it has subsequently become an evocative artform in itself . In the 1970s , both processed and natural phonographic recordings , ( pioneered by Irv Teibel 's Environments series ) , became popular . `` Field recordings '' may also refer to simple monaural or stereo recordings taken of musicians in familiar and casual surroundings , such as the ethnomusicology recordings pioneered by John Lomax , Nonesuch Records , and Vanguard Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44cef8643762ebdd39f571c8682acbcc", "text": "CIMP Creative Improvised Music Projects , usually abbreviated CIMP or C.I.M.P. , is an American jazz record company and label . It is associated with Cadence Magazine and Cadence Jazz Records . The label is noted for its minimal use of electronic processing and its spare microphoning technique . Bob Rusch founded CIMP in 1995 , with his son Marc Rusch as the recording engineer and his daughter Kara Rusch producing cover art . The label recorded its first session in 1995 for an album that featured Evan Parker , Barry Guy , Paul Lytton , and Joe McPhee . From the beginning , the it has concentrated on avant-garde jazz . Its catalogue includes Marshall Allen , Herb Robertson , Paul Smoker , Glenn Spearman , and Steve Swell . Most of its releases are recorded in its own studio in Rossie , New York . Eighteen compilations of music released on the label have been released , titled the Cimposium series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9cc21ac93b252740840b809ab8b1d39", "text": "Tape recorder An audio tape recorder , tape deck or tape machine is an analog audio storage device that records and plays back sounds , including articulated voices , usually using magnetic tape , either wound on a reel or in a cassette , for storage . In its present-day form , it records a fluctuating signal by moving the tape across a tape head that polarizes the magnetic domains in the tape in proportion to the audio signal . Tape-recording devices include reel-to-reel tape deck and the cassette deck . The use of magnetic tape for sound recording originated around 1930 . Magnetizable tape revolutionized both the radio broadcast and music recording industries . It gave artists and producers the power to record and re-record audio with minimal loss in quality as well as edit and rearrange recordings with ease . The alternative recording technologies of the era , transcription discs and wire recorders , could not provide anywhere near this level of quality and functionality . Since some early refinements improved the fidelity of the reproduced sound , magnetic tape has been the highest quality analog sound recording medium available . As of the first decade of the 21st century , analog magnetic tape has been largely replaced by digital recording technologies for consumer purposes , although some still record audio by analog . Prior to the development of magnetic tape , magnetic wire recorders had successfully demonstrated the concept of magnetic recording , but they never offered audio quality comparable to the other recording and broadcast standards of the time . Some individuals and organizations developed innovative uses for magnetic wire recorders while others investigated variations of the technology . One particularly important variation was the application of an oxide powder to a long strip of paper . This German invention was the start of a long string of innovations that have led to present day magnetic tape recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "723f6b9d37bc3e99df2e9cfa36ad5a47", "text": "Human Being (album) Human Being is the third album by Seal , released in 1998 . The title track was written about late rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. Human Being received mixed reviews ranging from being panned for its overtly dark and moody feel , to being described in terms such as `` pop perfection '' . The album failed to sell in the same way as his 1994 multi-platinum album , Seal . However , it is a fan favourite and was inspired by his then-girlfriend , Tyra Banks and their breakup . A remix of `` Lost My Faith '' was featured over the closing credits of the 1999 film Entrapment , and the song 's single release was accompanied by a music video in which Seal is integrated into scenes from the film alongside Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta-Jones . The album sold over 500,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0757360d5754069ecb73fbd674a0fa5", "text": "My Dream – African Sounds My Dream -- African Sounds is a 2008 release by the South African groups Ladysmith Black Mambazo and the SABC Choir . It was released on 30 September 2008 . The album is a collaboration of both isicathamiya and choral music . My Dream -- African Sounds features songs composed by Mambazo founder , lead singer , and director Joseph Shabalala , and leader of the SABC Choir Thulasizwe Nkabinde . Original Mambazo songs ( such as `` Iqome Kanjani '' , `` Shintsha Sithothobala '' , and `` Angimboni Ofana Naye '' ) as well as SABC Choir standards ( like `` Plea for Africa '' , `` Uhembelinye '' , and `` Buya Lindiwe '' ) are included on the album , which melds both Zulu vocal music ( isicathamiya ) -- made famous by Mambazo -- and gospel choral musics by having both groups sing each song together . The one exception is `` Okuhle Hle '' , sung entirely by Mambazo . The album came together when Mambazo were on tour in the US in March 2007 ; South African Broadcasting Corporation executive Joyce Dube saw the group in a New York City performance and approached them with the idea of recording a gospel/traditional album with the SABC Choir . Arrangements were made , and the album began to come together a year later in the South African Downtown Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e0f6dc16dfb8f6af3cd7888a7d4120c", "text": "Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases . At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more . Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . '' So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) . Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog . Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' . Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark . The Music of Life catalog includes songs from : M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1 Thrashpack She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo ) Daddy Freddy Asher D Tenor Fly Nitty Gritty Derek B Hijack Hardnoise 3 Knights DJ Daddy Leslie Lyrics Norman Cook Paul Oakenfold George Clinton Simon Harris ( label founder ) Einstein Ambassadors of Funk Afrika Bambaataa Demon Boyz Professor Griff Clyde Stubblefield Killa Instinct S.L. Troopers First Frontal Assault Kobalt 60 Overlord X", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edec76870b999dbecd20d48f92e2af31", "text": "Legal issues surrounding music sampling Music sampling is the subject of many legal disputes , chiefly in the realm of copyright law as it applies to musical compositions and sound recordings . Early sampling artists simply used portions of other artists ' recordings without permission , but once music incorporating samples began to make significant money , some sampled artists , publishers , and record companies began to take legal action , claiming copyright infringement . Sometimes , after the threat or initiation of a lawsuit , such disputes are settled out of court , often with the sampling artist obtaining a license at considerable cost and making other concessions to appease the aggrieved party ; other times , the sampling artist contests the infringement claims , such as by arguing in court that the copyright law does not cover their particular use of the work . The outcome of these court cases , primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom , have shaped common law , defining ways statutory law -- which does not directly cover sampling -- can be applied to sampling disputes . In accordance to the United States constitution , the laws of copyright permit a number of rights to authors so that they may `` Promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts . '' This principle brings to light the true reason for copyright law - to develop boundaries economically and legally where learning , science , and culture can progress .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d4fbe700b8b718226a56f9accf5c078f	The 84th Academy Awards winners included The Help.	[ { "docid": "77e51fcb9fbbd0aa83ea65b0599b3fc2", "text": "84th Academy Awards The 84th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26 , 2012 , at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004 . On June 14 , 2011 , Academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results , as opposed to a set number of nominees . In related events , the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12 , 2011 . On February 11 , 2012 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich . The Artist won five awards , including Best Actor for Jean Dujardin , Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius , and Best Picture , the first silent feature to win an Academy Award for Best Picture since 1927 's Wings , the inaugural winner in 1929 . Other winners included Hugo also with five awards , The Iron Lady with two awards , and Beginners , The Descendants , The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , The Help , Midnight in Paris , The Muppets , Rango , Saving Face , A Separation , The Shore , and Undefeated with one . The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e8b55fbc959de57831027e30951445ac", "text": "1988 Academy Awards 1988 Academy Awards may refer to : 60th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1988 61st Academy Awards , the 1989 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1988", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fc8c26e192f0c0dc444a866e5eb98a0", "text": "List of Belgian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Belgium has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1967 . The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . It was not created until the 1956 Academy Awards , in which a competitive Academy Award of Merit , known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award , was created for non-English speaking films , and has been given annually since . Seven Belgian films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Of these films , two have been directed by Gérard Corbiau : The Music Teacher and Farinelli . The five other Belgian directors to have films accepted as nominees are Jacques Boigelot , Stijn Coninx , Dominique Deruddere , Michaël R. Roskam and Felix Van Groeningen . Boigelot 's Peace in the Fields was accepted as a nominee at the 43rd Academy Awards , Stijn Coninx 's Daens was a nominee in 1993 , Deruddere 's Everybody 's Famous ! was a nominee at the 73rd Academy Awards , Roskam 's Bullhead for the 84th and Van Groeningen 's The Broken Circle Breakdown for the 86th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb1eafdee01023cd68fa3bb58754fbf0", "text": "List of submissions to the 78th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The following 63 films , all from different countries , were submitted for the 78th Academy Awards in the category Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ( release at the country of origin October 2004 - September 2005 , ceremony March 2006 ) . Costa Rica , Iraq and Fiji submitted films for the first time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e842e889dc5d38f8e209c230781ecec", "text": "1939 Academy Awards 1939 Academy Awards may refer to : 11th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1939 12th Academy Awards , the 1940 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1939", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0795d927f8a9d6409f6aabbc73f22e13", "text": "1999 Academy Awards 1999 Academy Awards may refer to : 71st Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1999 72nd Academy Awards , the 2000 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1999", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3e5ec1cd3f4e7a9b318570c7820b9a", "text": "Black Reel Awards of 2012 The 2012 Black Reel Awards , which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature , independent and television films , took place in Washington , D.C. on February 9 , 2012 . While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine , The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated . Attack the Block and Shame were also multiple winners , with each winning two awards . Octavia Spencer , Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8062cacc1def0da9a7d3d4ed407a3d5e", "text": "1988 New York Film Critics Circle Awards 54th New York Film Critics Circle Awards January 15 , 1989 Best Film : The Accidental Tourist The 54th New York Film Critics Circle Awards honored the best filmmaking of 1988 . The winners were announced on 15 December 1988 and the awards were given on 15 January 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb2600832a8a97147111f4517a8fb164", "text": "8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' . The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later . Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor . This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "423a8b3e057d87255c3346689f21ad0c", "text": "Help! (magazine) Help ! is an American satire magazine published by James Warren from 1960 to 1965 . It was Harvey Kurtzman 's longest-running magazine project after leaving Mad and EC Publications , and during its five years of operation it was chronically underfunded , yet innovative . In starting Help ! , Kurtzman brought along several artists from his Mad collaborations , including Will Elder , Jack Davis , John Severin and Al Jaffee . Kurtzman 's assistants included Charles Alverson , Terry Gilliam and Gloria Steinem ; the latter was helpful in gathering the celebrity comedians who appeared on the covers and the fumetti strips the magazine ran along with more traditional comics and text pieces . Among the then little-known performers in the fumetti were John Cleese , Woody Allen and Milt Kamen ; better-known performers such as Orson Bean were also known to participate . Some of the fumetti were scripted by Bernard Shir-Cliff . At Help ! , Gilliam met Cleese for the first time , resulting in their collaboration years later on Monty Python 's Flying Circus . Cleese appeared in a Gilliam fumetto written by David Crossley , `` Christopher 's Punctured Romance '' . The tale concerns a man who is shocked to learn that his daughter 's new `` Barbee '' doll has `` titties '' ; however , he falls in love with the doll and has an affair . Gilliam appeared on two covers of Help ! and along with the rest of the creative team , appeared in crowd scenes in several fumetti . The magazine introduced young talents who went on to influential careers in underground comix as well as the mainstream : among them Robert Crumb , Gilbert Shelton and Jay Lynch . Algis Budrys and other science fiction writers were regular contributors of prose and scripts to the magazine . Working with a minimal budget , Kurtzman relied on a combination of cheap up-and-coming talent , favors called in to `` name '' friends ( such as cover poses by Jackie Gleason , Mort Sahl or Jerry Lewis ) and inexpensive page-fillers ( such as inserting dialogue balloons into news photos and publicity stills ) . Somewhat more adult and risque than Mad , Help ! was nonetheless less sexually explicit or taboo-breaking than the contemporaneous The Realist or the later underground comix and National Lampoon were or would be . Nonetheless , it had its moments and served as a locus and starting point for a wide range of talent . A total of 26 issues were printed before the magazine folded in 1965 . Volume one ( Aug. 1960 -- Sept. 1961 ) had 12 issues , and 14 issues comprised the second volume ( Feb. 1962 -- Sept. 1965 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09551e69ac34e60adae141376a84bd37", "text": "List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards . The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ef1af1be3b23fc2a82cb1be7f28903", "text": "List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee . For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6824ea1eab85c21438c65f7b681406", "text": "List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award . Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b91b87c40163c3e507f43714df57fc1", "text": "Gordon E. Sawyer Award The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is an Honorary Award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to `` an individual in the motion picture industry whose technological contributions have brought credit to the industry . '' The award is named in honour of Gordon E. Sawyer , the former Sound Director at Samuel Goldwyn Studio and three-time Academy Award winner who claimed that a listing of past Academy Awards , arranged both chronologically and by category , represents a history of the development of motion pictures . It was first presented at the 54th Academy Awards , in April 1982 . The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is voted upon and given by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee of the Academy .", "title": "" } ]	fever
216b945d1291cab8253239a630bd17c6	Absolute Beginners featured music.	[ { "docid": "66e18faa428cc073ba19d27abc399f1f", "text": "Absolute Beginners (film) Absolute Beginners is a 1986 British rock musical film adapted from Colin MacInnes ' book of the same name about life in late 1950s London . The film was directed by Julien Temple , featured David Bowie and Sade , and Patsy Kensit in one of her first mainstream roles . The film was screened out of competition at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival . Upon release , Absolute Beginners received immense coverage in the British media . At the time , the British film industry was perceived as being on the point of collapse ( with the recent failure of the film Revolution ) . However , the film was panned by critics and became a box office bomb . Some of the criticisms included stylistic anachronisms , such as the mini-skirt and decidedly 1980s music from the likes of The Style Council and Sade , the bowdlerisation of Kensit 's character ( Crepe Suzette had been depicted as a promiscuous `` negrophile '' in the book ) , and the casting of Bowie , who made it a condition of his musical contribution . Although the film was not a success , Bowie 's theme song was very popular in the UK and reached number two in the charts . The commercial failure of Absolute Beginners and another film released about the same time , The Mission , led to the collapse of Goldcrest , a major British film studio .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f8255e8161ec9033b653ed5308e84988", "text": "Schoolhouse Rock! Schoolhouse Rock ! is an American interstitial programming series of animated musical educational short films ( and later , videos ) that aired during the Saturday morning children 's programming on the U.S. television network ABC . The topics covered included grammar , science , economics , history , mathematics , and civics . The series ' original run lasted from 1973 to 1985 ; it was later revived with both old and new episodes airing from 1993 to 1999 . Additional episodes were produced in 2009 for direct-to-video release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "142980adb7f393d591696fd8baa7daad", "text": "This Is Music `` This Is Music '' was the first single released from The Verve 's second album , A Northern Soul . The aptly named song is full of varied lyrical images . The song charted at # 35 in the United Kingdom . `` This Is Music '' featured as the band 's opening song for the majority of their 2008 reunion tour . The cover was shot in Leeds , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ccdf64a45441e089c97794589d78ba", "text": "Music Room (TV series) Music Room is an innovative British television music series that presents classical musicians and the pieces they play in a manner normally associated with popular music programming . Filmed in a bare studio with only a scaffold cube for a set , the programme strips away the glamour that often marks classical music as an elitist art form . The series has also been broadcast in Canada ( on Knowledge ) and across South America ( on Film & Arts ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af698f1b85f198b52b94a6334e099da6", "text": "Kid Albums Kid Albums ( formerly known as Top Kid Audio ) is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine which ranks the top selling children 's music albums in the United States . The chart debuted on the issue dated September 9 , 1995 . It originally began as a 15-position chart , but has now been expanded to 25 . Rankings are compiled by point-of-purchase sales obtained by Nielsen Soundscan data and from legal digital downloads from an all music digital retailers . The Kid Albums chart features full-length albums that are geared towards children or teenage audiences . Some of the genres can extend from baby music , like lullabies , to soundtracks for films that are targeted to children of the age 5-9 to pop , teen pop and other subdivisions of it . Studio albums , EPs , compilation albums and soundtracks are also eligible for the chart . The first number-one title on the Top Kid Audio chart was a compilation album from Walt Disney Records titled , Classic Disney , Vol . 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e0f6dc16dfb8f6af3cd7888a7d4120c", "text": "Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases . At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more . Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . '' So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) . Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog . Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' . Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark . The Music of Life catalog includes songs from : M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1 Thrashpack She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo ) Daddy Freddy Asher D Tenor Fly Nitty Gritty Derek B Hijack Hardnoise 3 Knights DJ Daddy Leslie Lyrics Norman Cook Paul Oakenfold George Clinton Simon Harris ( label founder ) Einstein Ambassadors of Funk Afrika Bambaataa Demon Boyz Professor Griff Clyde Stubblefield Killa Instinct S.L. Troopers First Frontal Assault Kobalt 60 Overlord X", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff07402888d97ad71f563399e6738499", "text": "Youth orchestra A youth orchestra is an orchestra made of young musicians , typically ranging from pre-teens or teenagers to those in their mid-20s . Because young children do not usually start playing double bass until a later age than those playing the smaller instruments , double bass players in youth orchestras tend to be in the early to mid-20s . The typical youth orchestra involves members from across an entire city or town . In some cases , there are national youth orchestras , which consist of the best young musicians in a country , as determined by auditions . More rarely , there may even be international youth orchestras . Youth orchestras are led by an adult conductor who is often a music teacher or orchestral musician . In addition to leading the rehearsals and performances , the conductor teaches orchestral playing techniques , performance practice and music ensemble skills to the children and youth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42cb46bfa48ed6274fe864781f2ec3a", "text": "Rhythm band The rhythm band is one of the primary methods of introducing children to playing music . Children are given maracas , tambourines , bells , rhythm sticks and other idiophones with which to beat out a simple rhythm while the teacher plays a song , usually on the piano . Alternatively , the teacher does not play a melody but also a rhythm instrument , so that only rhythms are played . Children can also make a rhythm band `` just for fun '' for themselves , without a teacher . If the participants like very loud music , noisemakers like the pea whistle , the recorder head joint , the vuvuzela or the ratchet can be included into the rhythm band , as well as other very loud rhythm instruments like the snare drum . Rhythm bands are usually found in nursery schools or kindergartens , but of course children also can make a rhythm band at home . Melodic instruments are introduced to the children in the first or second year of regular school . But in principle , a rhythm band can be made in every age , with more difficult rhrythms if the participants are older . It is not uncommon for adult musical organizations to employ numerous rhythm players , as in Latin American music , or to distribute rhythm instruments for audience members to accompany a live performance . Category : Early childhood education Category : Music education", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c41f46bff231f3cc0fdcaabb3d96d5", "text": "Self Help Serenade Self Help Serenade is the debut album by indie rock band Marjorie Fair , first released in the United Kingdom and Europe on May 31 , 2004 , and in the United States on July 19 , 2005 . The album was produced and mixed by Rob Schnapf , `` Empty Room '' was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge , and the album features guest contributions from Jon Brion and Joey Waronker . `` Empty Room '' was not included on the UK pressings of the album . `` Empty Room '' was featured in the One Tree Hill episode `` An Attempt to Tip the Scales '' ( 3.4 ) . The band were dropped from Capitol Records after the album 's release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8711d035c143fef32846e4fd3b58479", "text": "Begin the Begin `` Begin the Begin '' is the first song on R.E.M. 's fourth album , Lifes Rich Pageant . Lead singer Michael Stipe has called it `` a song of personal , political activism . '' Though never released as a single , it appeared frequently in the band 's live performances as a song early in the set . It was even used as an opening song in the live performances at their inductions into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . The song was also included as the first track on their 2006 compilation And I Feel Fine ... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982-1987 . As the opening track on Lifes Rich Pageant , the song heralded a new clarity in Stipe 's vocals . Written on acoustic guitars in Stipe 's home , the original version of the song was a minute longer , with five different choruses , lacking melody and a bridge . Replete with references to Americana and revolution , the title is a pun on Cole Porter 's `` Begin the Beguine '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9391907efe5050281db0cfc765cae639", "text": "It's Classy, Not Classic It 's Classy , Not Classic is the debut studio album by American electronic rock duo Breathe Carolina . It was released on September 16 , 2008 through Rise Records . Recorded in 2008 using GarageBand by Apple Inc. , Schmitt also used a MIDI controller and several beat programs to create the tracks . It contains all of the tracks from their EP , Gossip ( 2007 ) , excluding `` Do n't Forget : Lock the Door '' , which was later included on the deluxe edition of their second studio album , Hello Fascination ( 2009 ) . It reached number 186 on the Billboard 200 , as well as number 6 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart . A music video directed by Robby Starbuck was released for the track `` Diamonds '' , which features guest appearances by the American electropop group Millionaires and Josh White from Umbrella Clothing and This City Is Burning Records . This album has less of a focus on guitars when compared to the bands following releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a096452a22f0807c7d59cf9d5007bf88", "text": "Music video game A music video game , also commonly known as a music game , is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player 's interactions with a musical score or individual songs . Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of `` rhythmically generated puzzles '' . Strong support for the convergence of live music and video games is evident with the success of the Video Games Live concert series . Emergent games for live concert performance , `` game-scores '' , augment traditional western music notation with the dramatic elements of animation , interactivity , graphic elements and aleatoric principles ( Anigraphical Music ) . The concept of incorporating game theory and music is not new and can be traced back to Musikalisches Würfelspiel . Music video games are distinct from purely audio games ( e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound : Kaze no Regret ) in that they feature a visual feedback , to lead the player through the game 's soundtrack , although eidetic music games can fall under both categories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d2fc14e13797f61c331334845468840", "text": "Vivid (Living Colour album) Vivid is the debut studio album by the American rock band Living Colour , released on May 3 , 1988 through Epic Records . It was one of the most popular albums of 1988 , reaching No. 6 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and certified double platinum by the RIAA . The album is also featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efe3b0ade74d089d3b69351f55e7ad4a", "text": "Strictly Physical (song) `` Strictly Physical '' is a song written by Christian Ballard , Tim Hawes , Pete Kirtley , Obie Mhondera , and Andrew Murray for German pop trio Monrose 's same-titled second studio album , Strictly Physical ( 2007 ) . It was co-produced by production teams Jiant and Snowflakers and released as the album 's second single on 14 September 2007 . It has since reached the top ten in Germany as well as the top twenty in Austria and the top twenty-five a composite European Hot 100 Singles . A thirty-seconds clip of `` Strictly Physical '' was previewed on 27 August 2007 on the band 's official website , and by 3 September the full track had leaked to the Internet via radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc9979dd2b5869c9d7dc231445decf7c", "text": "Beginner Books Beginner Books is the Random House imprint for young children ages 3 -- 9 , co-founded by Phyllis Cerf with Ted Geisel , more often known as Dr. Seuss , and his wife Helen Palmer Geisel . Their first book was Dr. Seuss 's The Cat in the Hat ( 1957 ) . Cerf compiled a list of 379 words as the basic vocabulary for young readers , along with another twenty slightly harder `` emergency '' words . No more than 200 words were taken from that list to write The Cat in the Hat . Subsequent books in the series were modeled on the same requirement . Beginner Books had only four titles in their catalog in 1958 . Two years later they were earning a million dollars a year and Random House was the largest publisher of children 's books in America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df15c55dd43f1bb3931fec5ae3c88d82", "text": "CM (school) CM is a youth and community music organisation in England . CM was set up as Community Music in 1983 by John Stevens and Dave O'Donnell . Dedicated to the creation of new music through structured access and artist development . It works as an alternative to mainstream provision by targeting young people who do not have the opportunity to learn and musicians who do not have recognised qualifications . Jazz saxophonist Courtney Pine started his music career at Community Music when he was 19 years old . Asian Dub Foundation was formed in 1993 at the Community Music centre . Their 2000 album was named Community Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e9bfb44a820703584248e3ccb07cf08", "text": "Music for Robots (website) Music For Robots is a mp3 blog written and curated by a collective of friends who originally met at Bates College , who founded the website in April 2004 . The blog made history in 2004 when it hosted a song by the band The Secret Machines provided to them by Warner Bros. . Records , signaling the first time a major label had deliberately encouraged a blog to post an mp3 by one of its artists . The site gained greater notoriety later that year when MTV aired a news feature about the site and one of their discoveries , a band of teenagers from Brooklyn called Hysterics . In 2005 , the `` robots '' branched out , dipping their toes in concert promotion and releasing a compilation CD titled Music For Robots , Vol . 1 , which included music from Hysterics , Avenue D , Death from Above 1979 , Stratageme , and Daedelus . Music ( For Robots ) are well known for their diverse , comprehensive musical tastes and willingness to cooperate with the record industry , and only post music with permission of the artist and/or label . Music ( For Robots ) has been featured by many publications and programs in the mainstream media including Wired magazine , The New York Times , Rolling Stone , Spin , NPR , the Fresno Bee , The Guardian , The Philadelphia Inquirer , Entertainment Weekly , and was the first MP3 Blog to be featured in primetime TV during MTV 's TRL program in early 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb8c9851664b2b6d0d52e6abf3ed3a23", "text": "BBC Introducing BBC Introducing is the brand for new music programmes across the BBC radio stations , showcasing unsigned , self-signed and other emerging musical talent primarily from the UK . Launched in 2007 the Introducing brand brings programming from across the BBC under a unified brand with each show retaining its own identity . Introducing has also been extended to the BBC 's stages at major festivals such as Glastonbury . Introducing shows can now be found on most BBC Radio stations from national to local . In 2010 BBC Introducing was awarded the best new platform to discover music at the BT Digital Music Awards . In May 2011 , BBC Introducing won the Gold award for Best Use of Multiplatform at the Sony Radio Academy Awards . Since 5 January 2013 , every BBC Local Radio station across England and the Channel Islands broadcasts a BBC Introducing programme at 8pm on Saturday evenings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee56e24b7b85ffdf89550050b2dd0a39", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Goldfrapp Goldfrapp are an English electronic music duo that formed in London in 1999 . The group gained prominence after their debut studio album Felt Mountain was shortlisted for the 2001 Mercury Prize in the United Kingdom . They have released five studio albums : Felt Mountain ( 2000 ) , Black Cherry ( 2003 ) , Supernature ( 2005 ) , Seventh Tree ( 2008 ) and Head First ( 2010 ) . The group 's remix album , We Are Glitter was released in the United States in October 2006 and the compilation album The Singles was released internationally in February 2012 . Black Cherry was released through Mute Records in April 2003 . Singles from the album included `` Train '' , `` Strict Machine '' and `` Twist '' . Black Cherry earned the group two awards , including an Ivor Novello Award ( The Ivors Dance Award ) for the song `` Strict Machine '' . Supernature was released through the same label in August 2005 . The album earned Goldfrapp two Grammy Award nominations in the dance category . Their fourth album , Seventh Tree , was released in February 2008 . Singles included `` A&E '' , `` Happiness '' and `` Caravan Girl '' . The music video for `` Happiness '' earned Goldfrapp and director Dougal Wilson a nomination for Best Pop Video at the UK Music Video Awards . Head First was released in March 2010 . The album earned the group two additional Grammy Award nominations . Other recognitions include the inclusion of Supernature on Rolling Stone magazine 's `` Top 50 Albums of 2006 '' list . Goldfrapp have also been recognized by the ASCAP/PRS Awards , BT Digital Music Awards , International Dance Music Awards , MTV Europe Music Awards and the Q Awards . Overall , Goldfrapp have received two awards from 15 nominations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92438b4f96f760981b553c841a29018f", "text": "Music gym A Music Gym is membership-based club or cooperative community where musicians ( and other artists ) share common resources in a shared facility . Such resources are related to music production , music rehearsal , movie production , art galleries , and tools useful for networking with other creative artists . Typically members of the community share the cost of property through some sort of fee , or make some exchange of services live performance , goods ( music equipment ) or labor to be members of the community . The Music Gym concept and name were first coined and made popular in 2000 in Boston , Massachusetts by Ryan McVinney , where he and business partner Robert Edward along with a group of musicians and artists converted an old circuit-board factory in a rundown area of Allston into a shared musical facility for a relatively large group of local musicians and artists . McVinney and others have helped spread the concept from Boston to Austin , Texas , New York City , Canada , England , Lima Peru , San Francisco , Los Angeles and other various locations across the world . Some Music Gym 's operate as for-profit businesses , while some operate as private , non-incorporated clubs run by smaller groups of musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc799c9e7f09f37e1f993de6cbd8f52b", "text": "Music is the Key `` Music Is the Key '' is a song by German recording artist Sarah Connor and all-male American a cappella group Naturally 7 . It was written and produced by longtime collaborators Rob Tyger and Kay Denar and recorded for Connor 's third studio album , Key to My Soul ( 2003 ) . A pop ballad with heavy elements of soul and quiet storm , the song talks about the power of music , and eventually finding your own melody through listening . `` Music Is the Key '' was positively reviewed by music critics , many of whom complimented its lyrical content and vocals . Selected as the lead single from Key to My Soul , it became an instant success , reaching number-one on the German Singles Chart and peaking within the top five in Belgium and Switzerland .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ab75a4ed9f31bb60ffe6da17a48ecf66	Colombia is in a continent.	[ { "docid": "d952aa525db9553a8d775edfbd812f51", "text": "Colombia Colombia ( k ) , is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , Haiti and the Dominican Republic . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments . The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples , with as most advanced the Muisca , Quimbaya and the Tairona . The Spanish set foot on Colombian soil for the first time in 1499 and in the first half of the 16th century initiated a period of conquest and colonization , ultimately creating the New Kingdom of Granada , with as capital Santafé de Bogotá . Independence from Spain was acquired in 1819 , but by 1830 the `` Gran Colombia '' Federation was dissolved . What is now Colombia and Panama emerged as the Republic of New Granada . The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 . Since the 1960s , the country has suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict , which escalated in the 1990s but then decreased from 2005 onward . Colombia is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world , and thereby possesses a rich cultural heritage . The urban centres are mostly located in the highlands of the Andes mountains . Colombian territory also encompasses Amazon rainforest , tropical grassland and both Caribbean and Pacific coastlines . Ecologically , it is one of the world 's 17 megadiverse countries , and the most densely biodiverse of these per square kilometer . Colombia is a middle power and a regional actor with the fourth-largest economy in Latin America , is part of the CIVETS group of six leading emerging markets and is a member of the UN , the WTO , the OAS , the Pacific Alliance , and other international organizations . Colombia has a diversified economy with macroeconomic stability and favorable growth prospects in the long run .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "649e76c8bc2f59cd5b35e0ecb0e6e0e1", "text": "Senate of Colombia The Senate of the Republic of Colombia ( Senado de la República de Colombia ) is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia , with the lower house being the House of Representatives . The Senate has 102 members elected for concurrent ( non-rotating ) four-year terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a2942e6875c6778f91bb87118197bb3", "text": "List of companies of Colombia Colombia is a transcontinental country largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , the Dominican Republic and Haiti . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments . Colombia is the third most populous country in Latin America . Its major industries include textiles , food processing , petroleum , clothing and footwear , consumer appliances , beverages , chemicals , cement , automobiles , gold , coal , and emeralds For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Colombia '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4169c89a488fff96a7cec74368062a2", "text": "Community of Latin American and Caribbean States The Community of Latin American and Caribbean States ( Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños , CELAC Comunidade de Estados Latino-Americanos e Caribenhos Communauté des États Latino-Américains et Caribéens Gemeenschap van Latijns-Amerikaanse en Caraïbische Staten ) is a regional bloc of Latin American and Caribbean states thought out on February 23 , 2010 , at the Rio Group -- Caribbean Community Unity Summit , and created on December 3 , 2011 , in Caracas , Venezuela , with the signature of The Declaration of Caracas . It consists of 33 sovereign countries in the Americas representing roughly 600 million people . Due to the focus of the organization on Latin American and Caribbean countries , other countries and territories in the Americas , Canada and the United States , as well as the overseas territories in the Americas of France ( Overseas departments and territories of France ) , the Netherlands ( Dutch Caribbean ) , Denmark ( Greenland ) and the United Kingdom ( British Overseas Territories ) are not included . CELAC is an example of a decade-long push for deeper integration within Latin America . CELAC was created to deepen Latin American integration and by some to reduce the significant influence of the United States on the politics and economics of Latin America . It is seen as an alternative to the Organization of American States ( OAS ) , the regional body that was founded by United States and 21 other Latin American nations originally as a countermeasure to potential Soviet influence in the region . CELAC is the successor of the Rio Group and the Latin American and Caribbean Summit on Integration and Development ( CALC ) . In July 2010 , CELAC selected President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez and President of Chile Sebastián Piñera , as co-chairs of the forum to draft statutes for the organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07499589679e696a2c421f0349312f12", "text": "Boyacá State Boyacá State was one of the states of Colombia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1b9caba51b1167f1f97125edf3c2854", "text": "Cordillera Occidental Cordillera Occidental is Spanish for `` Western mountain '' . It may refer to : Cordillera Occidental ( Colombia ) Cordillera Occidental ( Ecuador ) Cordillera Occidental ( Peru ) Cordillera Occidental ( Bolivia )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9737fffe83bee2247f09dd5709196d9b", "text": "Boyacá Department Boyacá ( -LSB- boʝaˈka -RSB- ) is one of the thirty-two departments of Colombia , and the remnant of Boyacá State , one of the original nine states of the `` United States of Colombia '' . Boyacá is centrally located within Colombia , almost entirely within the mountains of the Eastern Cordillera to the border with Venezuela , although the western end of the department extends to the Magdalena River at the town of Puerto Boyacá . Boyacá borders to the north with the Department of Santander , to the northeast with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Norte de Santander , to the east with the departments of Arauca and Casanare . To the south , Boyacá borders the department of Cundinamarca and to the west with the Department of Antioquia covering a total area of 23189 sqkm . The capital of Boyacá is the city of Tunja . Boyacá is known as `` The Land of Freedom '' because this region was the scene of a series of battles which led to Colombia 's independence from Spain . The first one took place on 25 July 1819 in the Pantano de Vargas and the final and decisive battle known as the Battle of Boyacá was fought on 7 August 1819 at Puente de Boyacá . Boyacá is home to three universities : the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia ( UPTC ) , the Universidad de Boyacá ( UNIBOYACA ) , and the Saint Thomas Aquinas University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "008244fa02e4db39d5b43797aa44e0f1", "text": "Colombian Rugby Federation The Colombian Rugby Federation ( Federacion Colombiana de Rugby or FCR in Spanish ) is the governing body for rugby union in Colombia . The FCR is a member of the International Rugby Board , the governing body for rugby globally , and a member of CONSUR , the governing body for rugby in South America . The FCR also oversees the Colombia national rugby union team , which participates in the annual South American Rugby Championship . The national team has been ranked as high as 54 in 2010 and as low as 85 in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5104a7bbfc432dc1adb7a9cabb6cbb51", "text": "Itagüí Itagüí ( -LSB- itaˈɣwi -RSB- ) is a city of Colombia , located in the south of the Aburrá Valley in the Antioquia Department . It is part of The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aad7edc6c6e285e52037f6c056b84033", "text": "List of companies of Guatemala Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west , the Pacific Ocean to the southwest , Belize to the northeast , the Caribbean to the east , Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast . With an estimated population of around 15.8 million , it is the most populated state in Central America . A representative democracy , Guatemala 's capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción , also known as Guatemala City . Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) in purchasing power parity ( PPP ) in 2010 was estimated at $ 70.15 billion USD . The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 63 % , followed by the industry sector at 23.8 % and the agriculture sector at 13.2 % ( 2010 est. ) . Mines produce gold , silver , zinc , cobalt and nickel . The agricultural sector accounts for about two-fifths of exports , and half of the labor force . Organic coffee , sugar , textiles , fresh vegetables , and bananas are the country 's main exports . Inflation was 3.9 % in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d5f5f2aeb7c93b2429ed9b02835f960", "text": "Atlántico Department Atlántico ( -LSB- aˈtlantiko -RSB- , Atlantic ) is a department of Colombia , located in northern Colombia with the Caribbean sea to its north , the Bolívar Department to its west and south separated by the Canal del Dique , and the Magdalena Department to its east separated by the Magdalena River . It is the third smallest of the country 's departments but its population of 2,272,170 makes it one of the most densely populated . Its capital is Barranquilla . Other important cities include Soledad and Malambo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ac6c7bcde60e76ba0ad96771dc7c86f", "text": "Balloon effect The balloon effect is an often-cited criticism of United States drug policy . The name draws an analogy between efforts to eradicate the production of illegal drugs in South American countries and the phenomenon of the same name when a latex balloon is squeezed : The air is moved , but does not disappear , instead moving into another area of less resistance . Examples of this displacement in drug traffic include : Fumigation of marijuana in Mexico caused production to migrate to Colombia . Marijuana crackdowns in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta moved activity to Cauca . In the late 1990s , coca was largely eradicated in Peru and Bolivia , only to be replaced by new crops in Colombia . Recently , with the intense spraying in the Colombian Putumayo Department , coca has been planted in other departments including Arauca , Cauca , Caquetá , Guaviare , Huila , Meta , Nariño , and Santander . As described in The Economist : Brazil and the Southern Cone ( Chile , Uruguay , Paraguay , Argentina ) neglected their respective drug trafficking issues and due to the concentration on the Andean region , these were neglected by the United States as well . These nations ignored the problem primarily due to its slow introduction and penetration into their society , the insistence from the U.S. that the sources of the drugs was the only problem and because the governments at the time were more concerned with foreign debt , inflation , economic growth , civil-military relations and political survival . The United States continued to increase their anti-drug operations in the Andean region resulting in displacement . This means that the U.S. tactics forced the drug traffickers to search for safer areas with less government pressure to eliminate the flow of narcotics . The drug traffickers took advantage of the neglected Southern Cone and began shifting their routes , locations for cocaine laboratories and money laundering centres . These shifts have also created growing drug consumption issues among the Southern Cone countries . While the role of the Southern Cone had been that of a transhipment point for cocaine produced in the Andean region , further evidence appeared to indicate that in fact since 1984 the region had been used extensively by Colombian and Bolivian drug traffickers . Cocaine labs were found in Northern and Western Brazil and in Argentina . It was also found that Uruguay and Chile had become major financial centres for money laundering after the invasion of Panama . Uruguay was particularly attractive as it has one of the most open banking systems in the Western hemisphere and the government has always put great emphasis on having tight bank secrecy laws .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7557924076d1acb19410851031750e5", "text": "Government entities of Colombia The Government entities of Colombia ( Entidades Gubernamentales de Colombia ) are entities of the government of Colombia . The government entities is made up by commissions , control agencies , administrative departments , directorates , funds , superintendencies , among other . Some of these agencies are under the supervision of the President of Colombia with special autonomy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81b9e58993e2e9a636fb9e308b6a566e", "text": "Borders of Brazil Brazil is the largest country in South America and borders every country in South America with the exceptions of Chile and Ecuador . The borders of Brazil are the international borders that Brazil shares with neighbouring countries . Brazil has borders with ten different countries , totalling 16885 km , making it the country with the third longest land border behind only China and Russia . The lengths of the borders Brazil shares with different countries , running counter-clockwise around Brazil from French Guiana to Uruguay , are listed below :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f2358440f40138e8be12dacb73b05dd", "text": "Constitutional history of Colombia The constitutional history of Colombia is the process of formation and evolution of the different constitutions that Colombia has had since its formation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0830dbdaddf132f3e38d7eedef9e2e33", "text": "Continental Divide of the Americas The Continental Divide of the Americas ( also known as the Great Divide , the Continental Gulf of Division , or merely the Continental Divide ) is the principal , and largely mountainous , hydrological divide of the Americas . The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan , and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from ( 1 ) those river systems that drain into the Atlantic Ocean ( including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea ) , and ( 2 ) along the northernmost reaches of the Divide , those river systems that drain into the Arctic Ocean . Though there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas , the Great Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes , at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef04d468cf5c69e16dc98f8beb982df5", "text": "Human trafficking in Colombia The country of Colombia is a major source country for women and girls subjected to trafficking in persons , specifically forced prostitution in Latin America , the Caribbean , Western Europe , Asia , and North America , including the United States . Within Colombia , some men are found in conditions of forced labor , but the forced prostitution of women and children from rural areas in urban areas remains a larger problem . Individual cases of forced marriage -- a risk factor for trafficking -- involuntary domestic servitude , and forced begging have been reported . Some children are subjected to forced labor in mines and quarries , in the agricultural sector or as domestic servants . Groups at high risk for internal trafficking include displaced persons , poor women in rural areas , and relatives of members of criminal organizations . Continued armed violence in Colombia has displaced many communities , making them vulnerable to human trafficking . Guerillas and new illegal armed groups forcibly recruit children to join their ranks ; the government estimates thousands of children are exploited under such conditions . Members of gangs and organized criminal networks force their relatives and acquaintances , and displaced persons -- typically women and children -- into conditions of forced prostitution and forced labor , including forced work in the illegal drug trade . Colombia also is a destination for foreign child sex tourists , particularly coastal cities such as Cartagena and Barranquilla . Migrants from South America , Africa , and China transit Colombia en route to the United States and Europe ; some may fall victim to traffickers . The Government of Colombia fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons . During the reporting period , the government increased law enforcement actions against trafficking offenders , enhanced prevention efforts , and continued to offer victim services through an interagency trafficking operations center and through partnerships with NGOs and international organizations . The significant number of Colombians trafficked abroad , however , reflects the need for increased prevention efforts and victim services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce66f434e98f708965728f9563911c5d", "text": "Currency of Spanish America This article provides an outline of the currency of Spanish America ( las Indias , the Indies ) from Spanish colonization in the 15th century until Spanish American independencies in the 19th . This great realm was divided into the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( capital : Mexico City ) , which came to include all Spanish territory north of Panama , the West Indies , Venezuela , and the Philippines , and the Viceroyalty of Peru ( capital : Lima ) , which included Panama and all Spanish territory in South America except Venezuela . The monetary system of Spanish America , originally identical to that of Spain , soon diverged and took on a distinctive character of its own , which it passed on to the independent nations that followed after .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "188989a094ba49246d34d56886cb7477", "text": "Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth 's land surface . Physically , it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce58ea2457745e787fe75a4a6ff8d258", "text": "Isthmo-Colombian Area The Isthmo-Colombian Area is defined as a cultural area encompassing those territories occupied predominantly by speakers of the Chibchan languages at the time of European contact . It includes portions of the Central American isthmus like eastern El Salvador , eastern Honduras , Caribbean Nicaragua , Costa Rica , Panama , and northern Colombia .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c46ed830d7e1e7fdf9b56cbf57102114	Iceland is part of the European Economic Area.	[ { "docid": "b5b805f3649cea24fd289cc09f5339d0", "text": "Iceland Iceland ( -LSB- ˈaɪslənd -RSB- -LSB- ˈistlant -RSB- ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean . It has a population of and an area of 103000 km2 , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe . The capital and largest city is Reykjavík . Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population . Iceland is volcanically and geologically active . The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields , mountains and glaciers , while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands . Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate , despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle . Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly , with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate . According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók , the settlement of Iceland began in the year 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island . In the following centuries , Norwegians , and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians , emigrated to Iceland , bringing with them thralls of Gaelic origin . The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing , one of the world 's oldest functioning legislative assemblies . Following a period of civil strife , Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century . The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway , Denmark and Sweden . Iceland thus followed Norway 's integration to that Union and came under Danish rule after Sweden 's secession from that union in 1523 . Although the Danish kingdom introduced Lutheranism forcefully in 1550 , Iceland remained a distant semi-colonial territory in which Danish institutions and infrastructures were conspicuous by their absence . In the wake of the French revolution and the Napoleonic wars , Iceland 's struggle for independence took form and culminated in independence in 1918 and the founding of a republic in 1944 . Until the 20th century , Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture , and was among the poorest in Europe . Industrialisation of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity , and Iceland became one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world . In 1994 , it became a part of the European Economic Area , which further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance , biotechnology , and manufacturing . Iceland has a market economy with relatively low taxes compared to other OECD countries . It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens . Iceland ranks high in economic , political and social stability and equality . In 2013 , it was ranked as the 13th most-developed country in the world by the United Nations ' Human Development Index . Iceland runs almost completely on renewable energy . Affected by the ongoing worldwide financial crisis , the nation 's entire banking system systemically failed in October 2008 , leading to a severe depression , substantial political unrest , the Icesave dispute , and the institution of capital controls . Some bankers were jailed . Since then , the economy has made a significant recovery , in large part due to a surge in tourism . Icelandic culture is founded upon the nation 's Scandinavian heritage . Most Icelanders are descendants of Germanic and Gaelic settlers . Icelandic , a North Germanic language , is descended from Old Norse and is closely related to Faroese and West Norwegian dialects . The country 's cultural heritage includes traditional Icelandic cuisine , Icelandic literature and medieval sagas . Iceland has the smallest population of any NATO member and is the only one with no standing army , its lightly armed coast guard being in charge of defence .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "062822bc3d8fd242237dba72ff35e936", "text": "Ministry of European Integration The Ministry for European Integration is an official governmental body in various countries seeking accession to the European Union . It is responsible for integration of Georgia in Europe . It is in Georgia and Albania Category : Politics of Georgia ( country ) Category : Politics of Albania", "title": "" }, { "docid": "586d86ab38a7263fa75be52e79b14b77", "text": "Icelandic outvasion The Icelandic `` outvasion '' ( Icelandic : útrás ) was the period in the economic history of Iceland between 2000 and the onset of its financial crisis in October 2008 . With the privatisation of the Icelandic banks being advantageous for investors , there was a large supply of cheap loan capital on the international market . A clause in the agreement with the European Economic Area stipulated the free flow of capital to and from Iceland . The so-called outvasion led to the purchase of many foreign businesses , particularly in the retail sector . The British retailers Debenhams , Woolworths , Hamleys , and others came into full or part-Icelandic possession , in addition to the Danish companies Magasin du Nord and Royal Unibrew . Novator Partners acquired telecoms and other assets around Europe , including České Radiokomunikace , Elisa , Saunalahti , Bulgarian Telecommunications Company , P4 Spółka z o.o. , Netia , and Forthnet . The term `` outvasion '' was coined by the Icelandic media , who described the bankers as Vikings , and compared the rapid acquisition of many foreign businesses to a Viking invasion or raid , in both the possessions of the target being aggressively taken over .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d0d78f3c18138d33052c42118e35eba", "text": "Danish Realm The term Danish Realm ( Det Danske Rige ) refers to the relationship between Denmark proper , the Faroe Islands and Greenland -- three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark . The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a unitary sovereign state . The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 ( de jure ) when the Kalmar Union was ratified , and part of the Kingdom of Denmark since 1814 ( de facto ) . However , due to their separate historical and cultural identities , these parts of the Realm now have an extensive type of self-government and have assumed legislative and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields . Legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution . Beginning in 1953 , state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm ( Rigsenheden ) . A less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is `` the commonwealth of the Realm '' . In 1978 , The Unity of The Realm was for the first time unofficially referred to as rigsfællesskabet . The name caught on and since the 1990s , both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet ( ríkisfelagsskapurin naalagaaffeqatigiit ) in daily parlance . The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government . The Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979 . In 2005 , the Faroes received a self-government arrangement , and in 2009 Greenland received `` self rule '' , thus leaving the Danish government with virtually no influence over Greenlandic internal affairs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3af6c05852be19d3586e1c0481c4d90", "text": "Nordic Council The Nordic Council is a geo-political inter-parliamentary forum for co-operation between the Nordic countries . It was formed after the Second World War in 1952 to promote co-operation between the five Nordic countries . Its first concrete result was the introduction in 1952 of a common labour market and free movement across borders without passports for the countries ' citizens . The Council consists of 87 representatives from Denmark , Finland , Iceland , Norway and Sweden as well as the autonomous areas of the Faroe Islands , Greenland and the Åland Islands . The representatives are members of parliament in their respective country/area and are elected by those parliaments . The Council holds ordinary sessions each year in October/November and usually one extra session per year with a specific theme . Since 1991 Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania participate with observer status , as well as the German state of Schleswig-Holstein since 2016 . In 1971 , the Nordic Council of Ministers , an intergovernmental forum , was established to complement the Council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "991b6b34a1072f029e79679add92cb8c", "text": "Member states of the Council of Europe The Council of Europe has 47 member states . It was founded on 5 May 1949 by ten Western and Northern European states , with Greece and Turkey joining three months later , and Iceland and West Germany following suit the next year . It now has 47 member states , with Montenegro being the latest to join . Article 4 of the Council of Europe Statute specifies that membership is open to any European country , provided they meet specific democratic and human rights standards . Nearly all European states have acceded to the Council of Europe , with the exception of Belarus , the Vatican City , predominantly Central Asian Kazakhstan , as well as some of the states with limited recognition . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604b16d01d04f46c0d4cf6e28a2a5b34", "text": "European social model The European social model is a common vision many European states have for a society that combines economic growth with high living standards and good working conditions . Historian Tony Judt has argued that the European social model `` binds Europe together '' in contrast to the ` American way of life ' . European states do not all use a single social model , but welfare states in Europe do share several broad characteristics . These generally include a commitment to full employment , social protections for all citizens , social inclusion , and democracy . Examples common among European countries include universal health care , free higher education , strong labor protections and regulations , and generous welfare programs in areas such as unemployment insurance , retirement pensions , and public housing . The Treaty of the European Community set out several social objectives : promotion of employment , improved living and working conditions ... proper social protection , dialogue between management and labour , the development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion . Because different European states focus on different aspects of the model , it has been argued that there are four distinct social models in Europe -- the Nordic , British , Mediterranean and the Continental . The general outlines of a European social model emerged during the post-war boom . Tony Judt lists a number of causes : the abandonment of protectionism , the baby boom , cheap energy , and a desire to catch up with living standards enjoyed in the United States . The European social model also enjoyed a low degree of external competition as the Soviet bloc , China and India were not yet integrated into the global economy . In recent years , it has become common to question whether the European social model is sustainable in the face of low birthrates , globalisation , Europeanisation and an ageing population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b97f1213d43ba069da417f7c40fd3532", "text": "Steingrímur J. Sigfússon Steingrímur Jóhann Sigfússon ( born 4 August 1955 ) is an Icelandic politician . He has been a member of the Althing ( Icelandic parliament ) since 1983 and is the founding chairman of the Left-Green Movement ( Vinstri hreyfingin -- grænt framboð ) . He was the Minister for Agriculture and Communications from 1988 -- 1991 . He became Minister of Finance in 2009 . In 2011 he took on the roles of Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture and Minister of Economic Affairs . Steingrímur was born in Gunnarsstaðir , a large sheep farm between Garður and Þórshöfn in the Þistilfjörður region of northeast Iceland ( Svalbarðshreppur municipality ) . In his younger days he was an avid sportsman , both track and field and also a volleyball player . On 16 January 2006 , Steingrímur was injured in a car accident not far from Blönduós , Iceland but he later recovered . He supported the end of the US military presence in Iceland , but believed Iceland itself should have taken the initiative in ending this presence . Since September 2006 , when US forces left Naval Air Station Keflavik , he has strongly opposed any possible development of an Icelandic army seeing the country 's need for armed forces as practically non-existent . He believes that civilian institutions such as the police and the coast guard should be organized in order to provide the needed protection in the unlikely event of a major disturbance . In November 2006 , he published the book Við öll -- Íslenskt velferðarsamfélag á tímamótum ( `` All of Us -- Icelandic Welfare Society at Crossroads '' ) , laying out his political ideology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "beb90e7dec7f18f50854f3a8eee96f9e", "text": "Denmark–Lithuania relations Denmark -- Lithuania relations are foreign relations between Denmark and Lithuania . Lithuania has an embassy in Copenhagen , and Denmark has an embassy in Vilnius . Both countries are members of EU and NATO . Bilateral relations were re-established on 24 August 1991 . Denmark has since Lithuania 's independence provided a political and economic moral to Lithuania . Denmark also supported Lithuania in the European Union and NATO . From 1990 to 2003 , Denmark contributed $ 1 billion . In 2006 , Danish exports to Lithuania amounted 442 million euro . Imports from Lithuania amounted 469 million euro . Many Danish companies have established subsidiaries in Lithuania . Since 1991 , Denmark and Lithuania has cooperated in the field of military defence . Lithuania has a defense cooperation with Denmark . The Lithuanian and Danish military works together , in Kosovo , Iraq and Afghanistan . On 2 May 2003 , Lithuanian President Rolandas Paksas visited Denmark . On 2 May 2005 , and again on 9 April 2008 , Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen visited Lithuania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aecd5b7b5a7a4da59fe3359b3a80cb41", "text": "Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism (Iceland) The Icelandic Ministry of Industry , Energy and Tourism ( Icelandic : Iðnaðarráðuneytið ) is one of the cabinet-level government ministries responsible for Iceland 's economy . It shares that responsibility with the Ministry of Business Affairs ( responsible for banking and trade ) and the Ministry of Fisheries ( fishing making up some 40 % of Iceland 's exports ) . Since 2009 , the responsible minister is Katrín Júlíusdóttir of the Social Democratic Alliance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c7c414b1bec0a338558576b77c22052", "text": "Capital Region (Iceland) Greater Reykjavík ( Höfuðborgarsvæðið , meaning `` The Capital Region '' ) is a name used collectively for Reykjavík and six municipalities around it . The area is by far the largest urban area in Iceland . Each municipality has its own elected council . Greater Reykjavík 's population of 216 940 is over 60 % of the population of Iceland , in an area that is only just over 1 % of the total size of the country . The size of the greater Reykjavík area is calculated from the area of its constituent municipalities , including large areas of hinterland , not the much smaller urban core of about 200 km2 Municipal governments cooperate extensively in various fields : for example waste policy , shared public transport and a joint fire brigade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aa903d09264008644f27069a75597b7", "text": "EURADA The European Association of Development Agencies ( EURADA ) has a membership of about 100 regional development agencies from across the European Union . Agencies from almost all the Member States of the EU are EURADA members . EURADA runs conferences and seminars and has an extensive publications programme . It keeps its members up to date with EU policy developments and provides briefing on critical issues such as state aid rules . It alerts members to funding and contract opportunities and helps with forming and running partnerships . EURADA explores new ways to doing economic development and to managing RDAs . EURADA lobbies and briefs the European Commission on behalf of members and maintains a highly effective communications network there . Through round tables and reflection groups individual EURADA members can play a direct role in the development of policy at the Commission , and form their own links with officials . EURADA brings together and disseminates good practice in economic development for the benefit of its members . EURADA has strong international links , particularly through the International Economic Development Council ( IEDC ) in the United States , but also with economic development networks in China , Japan , Australia and New Zealand . There is a good record of members using these links to pursue their own local objectives . Category : International organisations of Europe", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13d9473382a808c8c290e2fd82ac28d3", "text": "Economy of Iceland The economy of Iceland is small and subject to high volatility . In 2011 , gross domestic product was US$ 12.3 bn . With a population of 321,000 , this is $ 38,000 per capita , based on purchasing power parity ( PPP ) estimates . The financial crisis of 2007 -- 2010 produced a decline in GDP and employment , although the magnitude of this decline remains to be determined . Iceland has a mixed economy with high levels of free trade and government intervention . However , government consumption is less than other Nordic countries . Geothermal power is the primary source of home and industrial energy in Iceland . In the 1990s Iceland undertook extensive free market reforms , which initially produced strong economic growth . As a result , Iceland was rated as having one of the world 's highest levels of economic freedom as well as civil freedoms . In 2007 , Iceland topped the list of nations ranked by Human Development Index and was one of the most egalitarian , according to the calculation provided by the Gini coefficient . From 2006 onwards , the economy faced problems of growing inflation and current account deficits . Partly in response , and partly as a result of earlier reforms , the financial system expanded rapidly before collapsing entirely in a sweeping financial crisis . Iceland had to obtain emergency funding from the International Monetary Fund and a range of European countries in November 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4abde4ee8b38fe74ff7e72c482edb03a", "text": "Eurosystem The Eurosystem is the monetary authority of the eurozone , the collective of European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their sole official currency . The ECB has , under Article 16 of its Statute , the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes . Member states can issue euro coins , but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand . The Eurosystem consists of the European Central Bank and the national central banks ( NCB ) of the 19 member states that are part of the eurozone . The national central banks apply the monetary policy of the ECB . The primary objective of the Eurosystem is price stability . Secondary objectives are financial stability and financial integration . The mission statement of the Eurosystem says that the ECB and the national central banks jointly contribute to achieving the objectives . The Eurosystem is independent . When performing Eurosystem-related tasks , neither the ECB , nor an NCB , nor any member of their decision-making bodies may seek or take instructions from any external body . The Community institutions and bodies and the governments of the member states may not seek to influence the members of the decision-making bodies of the ECB or of the NCBs in the performance of their tasks . The Eurosystem is distinct from the European System of Central Banks ( ESCB ) , which comprises the ECB and the central banks of all European Union member states , including those that are not part of the eurozone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57c955b1d638e460bf11368c4281a3d8", "text": "Iceland–Palestine relations Iceland -- Palestine relations refers to the relations between Iceland and Palestine . Iceland was the first Western European country to recognise the independence of Palestine . Full diplomatic relations exist between the two sides . Iceland 's representative to Palestine is a non-resident based at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Reykjavík , while Palestine 's ambassador to Iceland is also a non-resident based in Oslo , Norway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09c098e0b6a6d34bec9b606d9ba4f3d8", "text": "Montenegro and the euro Montenegro has no currency of its own . From 1996 the Deutsche Mark was the de facto currency in all private and banking transactions and it was formally adopted as Montenegro 's currency in November 1999 . The mark was replaced by the euro in 2002 without any objections from the European Central Bank ( ECB ) . The European Commission and the ECB have since voiced their discontent over Montenegro 's unilateral use of the euro on several occasions , with Amelia Torres , a spokesperson for the European Commission , saying `` The conditions for the adoption of the euro are clear . That means , first and foremost , to be a member of the EU . '' A statement attached to their Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the EU read : `` unilateral introduction of the euro was not compatible with the Treaty . '' The EU insists on the strict adherence to convergence criteria ( such as spending at least 2 years in the ERMII system ) which are not negotiable before euro adoption , but have not intervened to stop the unilateral use of the euro by Montenegro . The EU has raised concerns of Montenegro 's state debt , which had risen to 57 percent of GDP by 2011 . Officials from the Central Bank of Montenegro have indicated on several occasions that the European institutions do expect them to strictly follow ERM rules , particularly because of their EU accession process . Nikola Fabris , chief economist of the Central Bank of Montenegro , has said that the situation was different when they adopted the euro , and that other states which were considering unilaterally adopting the euro , such as Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina , would face sanctions from the EU and have their accession process suspended if they went ahead . On 17 December 2010 Montenegro was granted candidate status to join the European Union . The issue is expected to be resolved through the negotiations process . The ECB has stated that the implications of unilateral euro adoption `` would be spelled out at the latest in the event of possible negotiations on EU accession . '' Diplomats have suggested that it is unlikely Montenegro will be forced to withdraw the euro from circulation in their country . Radoje Žugić , Montenegro 's Minister of Finance , has stated that `` it would be extremely economically irrational to return to our own currency and then later to again go back to the euro . '' Instead , he hopes that Montenegro will be permitted to keep the euro and has promised `` the government of Montenegro will adopt some certain elements which should fulfil the conditions for further use of the euro , such as adopting fiscal rules . '' Unlike official members of the eurozone , Montenegro does not mint coins and therefore has no distinctive national design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c460c726ad03f9e14f815139c3efdb0", "text": "Family policy in Iceland The Icelandic family model can be compared to that of the Anglo-Saxon model in regards to its benefits and the Scandinavian model in regards services . Iceland was seen as a lagging country compared to other European countries in terms of family policy . Family policy in Iceland had been long ignored by its policy makers . Not until 1994 when the United Nations celebrated the Year of Family . After the recognition of the importance of family by the United Nations , Iceland 's parliament sought to establish a resolution to the concept of family policy that was gaining greater political attention in Iceland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ca64681137df0cae3fa59c5859a36f5", "text": "Telecommunications in the European Union Telecommunications in the European Union may refer to telecommunications in the 28 Member States of the European Union : Telecommunications in Austria Telecommunications in Belgium Telecommunications in Bulgaria Telecommunications in Croatia Telecommunications in Cyprus Telecommunications in the Czech Republic Telecommunications in Denmark Telecommunications in Estonia Telecommunications in Finland Telecommunications in France Telecommunications in Germany Telecommunications in Greece Telecommunications in Hungary Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland Telecommunications in Italy Telecommunications in Latvia Telecommunications in Lithuania Telecommunications in Luxembourg Telecommunications in Malta Telecommunications in the Netherlands Telecommunications in Poland Telecommunications in Portugal Telecommunications in Romania Telecommunications in Slovakia Telecommunications in Slovenia Telecommunications in Spain Telecommunications in Sweden Telecommunications in the United Kingdom", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47c0cffb322c4a623983e0d3bcf1cf59", "text": "Scandinavian Peninsula The Scandinavian Peninsula ( Skandinaviska halvön Den skandinaviske halvøy Skandinavian niemimaa ? Скандинавский полуостров , Skandinavsky poluostrov ) is a peninsula in Northern Europe , which generally comprises the mainland of Sweden , the mainland of Norway ( with the exception of a small coastal area bordering Russia ) , the northwestern area of Finland , as well as a narrow area in the west of the Pechengsky District of Russia . The name of the peninsula is derived from the term Scandinavia , the cultural region of Denmark , Norway and Sweden . That cultural name is in turn derived from the name of Scania , the region at the southern extremity of the peninsula which has during periods been part of Denmark , which is the ancestral home of the Danes , and which is now part of Sweden . The derived term `` Scandinavian '' also refers to the Germanic peoples who speak North Germanic languages , considered to be a dialect continuum derived from Old Norse . These modern North Germanic languages found in Scandinavia are Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ; additionally Faroese and Icelandic belong to the same language group , but they are not part of the modern Scandinavian dialect continuum and are not intelligible with the other languages . The Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula of Europe , larger than the Balkan , the Iberian and the Italian peninsulas . During the Ice Ages , the sea level of the Atlantic Ocean dropped so much that the Baltic Sea , the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland disappeared , and the countries now surrounding them , including Germany , Poland , the other Baltic countries and Scandinavia , were directly joined by land .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39a3449fab1f1770bd344e12f8ee55bf", "text": "Argentina–European Union relations", "title": "" } ]	fever
f674e4495b4f4704c1b4070b4ffe87e2	The American comedy-drama film Then She Found Me was directed by Helen Hunt.	[ { "docid": "ea3de3ef706788f3e86792df659cf805", "text": "Helen Hunt Helen Elizabeth Hunt ( born June 15 , 1963 ) is an American actress , director , and screenwriter . She starred in the sitcom Mad About You for seven years , and played single mother Carol Connelly in the 1997 romantic comedy film As Good as It Gets , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress . Some of her other notable films include Twister ( 1996 ) , Cast Away ( 2000 ) , What Women Want ( 2000 ) , Pay It Forward ( 2000 ) , and The Sessions ( 2012 ) , the latter garnered her a second Academy Award nomination . She made her directorial debut in 2007 with Then She Found Me ( 2007 ) . Hunt has also won four Emmy Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , and two Screen Actors Guild Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c847afcb3483d2b92cf04ea2af08681", "text": "Then She Found Me Then She Found Me is a 2007 American comedy-drama film directed by Helen Hunt . The screenplay by Hunt , Alice Arlen , and Victor Levin is very loosely based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Elinor Lipman . The film marked Hunt 's feature film directorial debut .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0b5909d535fdd2055f6cbb1d0b1ef214", "text": "Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation . Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress . In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama . Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8973103f0a51c4c05014fd2e31fc21e", "text": "Real Women Have Curves Real Women Have Curves is a 2002 American comedy-drama film that takes place in East Los Angeles . It gained fame after winning the Audience Award for best dramatic film , and the Special Jury Prize for acting in the 2002 Sundance Film Festival . The film went on to receive the Youth Jury Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival , the Humanitas Prize , the Imagen Award at the Imagen Foundation Awards , and Special Recognition by the National Board of Review . The film was directed by Patricia Cardoso , and stars a young America Ferrera as protagonist Ana García . The film is based on a play ( of the same title ) written by Josefina Lopez , who co-authored the screenplay for the film with producer George LaVoo . According to the Sundance Institute , the film gives a voice to young women who are struggling to love themselves and find respect in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce3735295738f8c7969f95cb5d277ce4", "text": "Finding Me: Truth Finding Me : Truth is a 2011 drama film by director Roger S. Omeus Jr. and a sequel to the 2009 Finding Me .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3850a8f6081979380a2e8d3633a77f3c", "text": "Barbara Leigh-Hunt Barbara Leigh-Hunt ( born 14 December 1935 in Bath , Somerset ) is a British actress who has appeared on stage , film , television and radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b7664452237aec9586c72833a1beb9b", "text": "Merry Christmas, Mrs. Moskowitz `` Merry Christmas , Mrs. Moskowitz '' is the tenth episode of Frasier 's sixth season . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 17 , 1998 . In the episode , Frasier , while shopping for Christmas gifts meets a stylish Jewish woman , Helen Moskowitz , who asks him to take her daughter Faye on a blind date . This leads to a deepening relationship between each other . Helen on Christmas Eve makes a stop by Frasier 's apartment , unaware that he is not Jewish and so he and the family must pretend that they are to survive the visit . The episode was directed by Kelsey Grammer and was written by Jay Kogen . Amy Brenneman and Carole Shelley guest stars in the episode as Faye and Helen respectively . Since airing , the episode has received many positive reviews from television critics and fans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097eddd8a0666d340d44a0e150de9486", "text": "Helen Hunt Jackson Helen Maria Hunt Jackson , born Helen Fiske ( October 15 , 1830 -- August 12 , 1885 ) , was an American poet and writer who became an activist on behalf of improved treatment of Native Americans by the U.S. government . She described the adverse effects of government actions in her history A Century of Dishonor ( 1881 ) . Her novel Ramona ( 1884 ) dramatized the federal government 's mistreatment of Native Americans in Southern California after the Mexican -- American War and attracted considerable attention to her cause . Commercially popular , it was estimated to have been reprinted 300 times and most readers liked its romantic and picturesque qualities rather than its political content . The novel was so popular that it attracted many tourists to Southern California who wanted to see places from the book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c40546fac2765832261dbc9b5bb85f1", "text": "Wild (2014 film) Wild is a 2014 American biographical survival drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . The screenplay by Nick Hornby is based on Cheryl Strayed 's 2012 memoir Wild : From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail . The film stars Reese Witherspoon as Strayed , alongside Laura Dern ( as Strayed 's mother ) , with Thomas Sadoski , Michiel Huisman and Gaby Hoffmann among several others in supporting roles . The film premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 29 , 2014 , and was released theatrically on December 3 , 2014 , in North America . Wild opened to positive critical reviews , with much praise going toward the performances of Reese Witherspoon and Laura Dern . Both actresses received Academy Award nominations for their performances , in the categories of Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2f276c1de6824ed9445069fb9a08712", "text": "How I Spent My Summer Vacation (film) How I Spent My Summer Vacation is a 1997 romantic comedy film , directed by John Fisher . The film stars Deanna Davis and RonReaco Lee , and is Fisher 's directorial debut film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43e5a683ed472ebe02f5b5d7722ba22f", "text": "What Every Woman Knows (1921 film) What Every Woman Knows is a 1921 American silent comedy drama film adapted form the play What Every Woman Knows by James Barrie . The play had premiered on Broadway in 1908 and was a hit starring Maude Adams . A British silent film version had been made in 1917 and a later American talkie would be produced in 1934 with Helen Hayes . This silent film version was directed by William C. deMille continuing his forte at adapting literary and/or stage plays to the silent screen . The film stars Lois Wilson and Conrad Nagel . This version is now lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9db0e640b313b3b718326d8344bf701e", "text": "Jay Hunt (director) Jay Hunt ( August 4 , 1855 -- November 18 , 1932 ) was an American film director and actor . He directed 68 films between 1911 and 1919 . He continued his career as an actor until 1931 . He was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and died in Los Angeles , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "744de1ee991d2d00690bc1a1477d3af0", "text": "Eleanor Hunt Eleanor Hunt ( January 10 , 1910 -- June 12 , 1981 ) was an American film actress . She starred opposite John Wayne in the 1934 Blue Steel . She was married to actor Rex Lease and George Hirliman , with whom she adopted Georgelle Hirliman as an infant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "944527e7a78ebc90b233741c2d8cdaea", "text": "Leave Me Like You Found Me Leave Me Like You Found Me is a 2012 American romantic drama film written and directed by Adele Romanski and starring Megan Boone and David Nordstrom . It is Romanski 's directorial debut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2021052753aba09d9cd5829657e13fba", "text": "Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 . In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e98eeb58b0f342e3f25ddc1d4803c9d", "text": "Womanhunt Womanhunt is a 1962 American drama film directed by Maury Dexter and written by Russ Bender and Edward J. Lakso . The film stars Steve Peck , Lisa Lu , Berry Kroeger , Bob Okazaki , Anna Lee Carroll and Tom Daly . The film was released on June 3 , 1962 , by 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e4b9871ac4a811c3855c84bff8e7e1c", "text": "Helen McCloy Helen McCloy ( June 6 , 1904 -- December 1 , 1994 ) , pseudonym Helen Clarkson , was an American mystery writer , whose series character Dr. Basil Willing debuted in Dance of Death ( 1938 ) . Willing believes , that `` every criminal leaves psychic fingerprints , and he ca n't wear gloves to hide them . '' He appeared in 13 of McCloy 's novels and in several of her short stories . McCloy often used the theme of doppelganger , but in the end of the story she showed a psychological or realistic explanation for the seemingly supernatural events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1db06fcbde440aac6269b4f12ed3032a", "text": "Red-Headed Woman Red-Headed Woman is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic comedy film , produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , based on a novel of the same name by Katherine Brush , and with a screenplay by Anita Loos . It was directed by Jack Conway , and stars Jean Harlow as a woman who uses sex to advance her social position . During the course of the film , Harlow breaks up a marriage , has multiple affairs and pre-marital sex , and attempts to kill a man .", "title": "" } ]	fever
cd662931d677682a27e3df4339e8dc13	Paul Simon is unaffiliated with any college.	[ { "docid": "32b31296854b47a90b4ae935fbbdeb55", "text": "Paul Simon Paul Frederic Simon ( born October 13 , 1941 ) is an American musician , singer-songwriter and actor . Simon 's fame , influence , and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel , formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel . Simon wrote nearly all of the pair 's songs , including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts : `` The Sound of Silence '' , `` Mrs. Robinson '' , and `` Bridge over Troubled Water '' . The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo career as a guitarist and singer-songwriter , recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years . In 1986 , he released Graceland , an album inspired by South African township music , which sold 14 million copies worldwide on its release and remains his most popular solo work . Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony ( 1980 ) and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman ( 1998 ) with the poet Derek Walcott . On June 3 , 2016 , Simon released his 13th solo album , titled Stranger to Stranger , which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts . Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work , including three for Album of the Year ( Bridge Over Troubled Water , Still Crazy After All These Years , Graceland ) , and a Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the `` 100 People Who Shaped the World '' by Time magazine . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists . In 2015 , he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone . Among many other honors , Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress 's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007 . In 1986 , Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music , where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fdb493109991c9994c08823deca2497a", "text": "Simon Business School Simon Business School ( formerly known as the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration ) is the business school of the University of Rochester . It is located on the University 's River Campus in Rochester , New York . It was renamed after William E. Simon ( 1927 -- 2000 ) , the 63rd United States Secretary of the Treasury , in 1986 . The school 's present dean is Andrew Ainslie . Simon Business School offers full-time , part-time , and executive ( based in either Rochester or Switzerland ) Master of Business Administration ( M.B.A. ) Programs , as well as Master of Science ( M.S. ) Programs . The school is home to substantial academic research enterprises and to a Ph.D. . Program in several business disciplines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14b3dc86e918fb818d41b412e0339f4e", "text": "List of state universities in the United States In the United States , a state college or state university is one of the public colleges or universities funded by or associated with the state government . In some cases , these institutions of higher learning are part of a state university system , while in other cases they are not . Several U.S. territories also administer public colleges and universities . The U.S. federal government does not run colleges or universities except for the service academies , the Community College of the Air Force , the Naval Postgraduate School , the Air Force Institute of Technology , the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , military war colleges and staff colleges , and Haskell Indian Nations University . Additionally , Georgetown University , Gallaudet University , Howard University , and American University are private universities that are federally chartered . However , the federal government does make grants to state universities . These state , as well as private , universities are accredited by different regional , not national , accreditation agencies , including the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities , the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools , the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools , and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , depending on which region of the United States the university is located in . These accreditation agencies ' approvals are critical to a university 's operations and public reputation . If a university loses accreditation or is not accredited in the first place , students will be reluctant to either continue or enroll at the school because the degree will be seen as being worthless . In a worst-case scenario , a university can shut down completely . The aforementioned agencies are all recognized by the United States Department of Education . Most state universities receive at least part of their funding from the state , although many have substantial income from tuition and fees , endowment proceeds , donations ( such as from alumni or philanthropists ) , and revenue from royalties . State universities usually offer lower tuition costs to in-state residents . According to the College Board , public four-year colleges charge on average $ 7,605 per year in tuition and fees for full-time in-state students and $ 11,990 for out-of-state students . In some states , e.g. Maryland , Tennessee , Indiana , and Washington , there is a campus designated as the `` flagship '' campus in the state 's university system , which generally is the most prestigious campus and the largest campus in student population , e.g. the University of Maryland College Park campus in the University System of Maryland , the Indiana University Bloomington campus in the Indiana University System , the University of Tennessee Knoxville campus in the University of Tennessee System , and the University of Washington 's Seattle campus in the University of Washington System . However , in some other states , the state universities are treated as equal partners ; therefore there is no officially recognized flagship campus in the state 's university system . There are a number of states that have more than one university system , e.g. California with 2 ; Colorado with 2 ; New York with 2 ; and Texas with 6 ( the most ) . Notes : As a general rule , schools are not alphabetized by their complete names , but rather by the names by which they are normally called . For example , in a list alphabetized by normal rules , `` Auburn University '' would precede `` University of Alabama , '' but the schools are virtually always referred to in popular conversation as `` Auburn '' and `` Alabama '' ( followed by a campus identifier if required by the context ) . Therefore , in this article , `` Alabama '' precedes `` Auburn '' . The list includes some of the more common academic nicknames or acronyms used for certain colleges or universities , e.g. `` Ole Miss '' for the University of Mississippi , `` Idaho State '' for Idaho State University , or `` UNF '' for the University of North Florida , not the `` Rebels '' , `` Bengals '' , or `` Ospreys '' , respectively . To minimize any confusion regarding acronyms , either the first school listed or the school that is more nationally known having an acronym the same as another has the acronym provided , e.g. San Diego State University has the acronym `` SDSU '' included because it is listed before South Dakota State University , and Arizona State University has the acronym `` ASU '' given because it is better known nationally than Alabama State . In addition , only acronyms that are unique are given , e.g. `` UW Tacoma '' for the University of Washington 's Tacoma campus or `` UNH '' for the University of New Hampshire . The list also includes schools that grant first-professional doctorates only ( e.g. , medical schools , law schools , or veterinary schools ) that are independent of any other school in a state system . To see a list of community colleges and technical centers in the United States that offer only associate 's degrees , visit the community colleges list . To see a list of tribal colleges and universities in the United States , visit the tribal colleges and universities list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e93c1a57c4fbe5c2493200cce81734e", "text": "Westminster Choir College Westminster Choir College is a residential conservatory of music located in Princeton , New Jersey , United States . It is currently a part of Rider University , however , they announced on March 28 , 2017 that they would be taking the next twelve months to seek another affiliate institution for the choir college . Westminster Choir College educates men and women at the undergraduate and graduate levels for musical careers in music education , voice performance , piano performance , organ performance , pedagogy , music theory and composition , conducting , sacred music , and arts management ; professional training in musical skills with an emphasis on performance is complemented by studies in the liberal arts . All students study with Westminster 's voice faculty , the largest voice faculty in the world . The school 's proximity to New York City and Philadelphia provides students with easy access to the musical resources of both cities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7289f9fe996c95942a626a5b2233b07", "text": "College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University The College of Saint Benedict ( CSB ) , a women 's college , and Saint John 's University ( SJU ) , a men 's college , are private liberal arts colleges respectively located in St. Joseph and Collegeville , Minnesota , US ; near St. Cloud . Under CSB 's and SJU 's coordinate relationship , students at the two colleges have a shared curriculum , and access to the resources of both campuses . CSB/SJU is home to the Saint John 's Bible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4868072e49ecd8d79f1859cd35a11085", "text": "Bethel College (Indiana) Bethel College , a Christian liberal arts college located in Mishawaka , Indiana , United States was established in 1947 and is affiliated with the evangelical Christian Missionary Church .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "420181c102249635ac2ea219df063f9a", "text": "Homeward Bound (song) `` Homeward Bound '' is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel from their third studio album , Parsley , Sage , Rosemary and Thyme ( 1966 ) , although it was recorded during the sessions for their second album Sounds of Silence and included on that album in the UK . Produced by Bob Johnston , the song was released as a single on January 19 , 1966 by Columbia Records . Written by Paul Simon , the song was composed in 1964 during his period in England . Away from his girlfriend , Kathy Chitty , while touring clubs , Simon felt depressed and homesick . He first penned the song on a scrap of paper at Widnes railway station . `` Homeward Bound '' was the duo 's second single , the follow-up to their enormously successful breakthrough hit `` The Sound of Silence '' . It performed very well domestically , peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 , remaining on the charts for 12 weeks . Internationally , the song performed best in Canada , where it hit number two ; it was also a top five hit in the Netherlands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35d2d6aa2d24883fba8ca8a47efdd182", "text": "Purdue Exponent The Purdue Exponent is one of a handful of independent student newspapers , with most other college newspapers being owned by the university or operated by the journalism school . The college newspaper serves Purdue University in West Lafayette , Indiana . It is published on Mondays and Thursdays during university semesters by the Purdue Student Publishing Foundation , and is Indiana 's largest collegiate daily newspaper . The Exponent employs seven full-time professionals , relying for most operations on a staff of approximately 140 students , though the university has no journalism school .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faddac1bbe9a45fb1189f64a8fc23992", "text": "Chester College of New England Chester College of New England was a bachelor 's degree-granting college that provided a foundation in the liberal arts and the fine arts , complemented by majors in the professional arts . It opened in 1965 as White Pines College and closed at the end of the 2011-2012 academic year for financial reasons . Located in Chester , New Hampshire , the college offered degree programs in creative writing , professional writing , photography and media arts , graphic design , computer science , fine arts , communication arts and interdisciplinary arts . Chester College also offered minor programs in creative writing , illustration , photojournalism , and writing . The college featured a student-to-faculty ratio of 10:1 , artist-in-residence programs , and a program of guest lectures , exhibitions , art and photography exhibits , internships , and relationships with professional associations . In April 2012 the college disclosed an operating deficit . Despite fundraising efforts , in May 2012 , the college 's Board of Trustees announced that they had voted to close the college .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867deb9fa694662bf52a5a57e77fb206", "text": "Union College Union College is a private , non-denominational liberal arts college located in Schenectady , New York , United States . Founded in 1795 , it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents . In the 19th century , it became the `` Mother of Fraternities '' , as three of the earliest such organizations were established there . After 175 years as a traditional all-male institution , Union College began enrolling women in 1970 . The college offers a liberal arts curriculum across some 21 academic departments , as well as opportunities for interdepartmental majors and self-designed organizing theme majors . In common with most liberal arts colleges , Union offers a wide array of courses in arts , sciences , literature , and foreign languages , but , in common with only a few other liberal arts colleges , Union also offers ABET-accredited undergraduate degrees in computer engineering , bioengineering , electrical engineering , and mechanical engineering . Approximately 25 % of students major in the social sciences ; 10 % in psychology ; 11 % in engineering ; 10 % in biology ; 9 % in history ; and 10 % in the humanities ; while some 5 % design their own majors . By the time they graduate , about 60 % of Union students will have engaged in some form of international study or study abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a40a445e7b8f31d68bce2a4c1621090", "text": "Paul Simon in Concert: Live Rhymin' Paul Simon in Concert : Live Rhymin ' is an album by Paul Simon , released in March 1974 by Columbia Records . It was recorded in the wake of the release of There Goes Rhymin ' Simon -- which produced a number of hit singles ( `` Kodachrome '' and `` Loves Me Like a Rock '' ) and radio staples ( as `` Something So Right '' and `` Take Me to the Mardi Gras '' ) during Simon 's 1973-74 tour , at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum , New York , July 10th , 1973 . However , the album presents a very truncated version of the concerts he performed on this tour , which consisted of up to 24 songs . The album fails to note where the performances were recorded , although according to liner notes in a later Simon compilation , `` Duncan '' is from a London concert and `` American Tune '' was recorded in New York City . Simon was joined by Urubamba and the Jessy Dixon Singers , although the individual members are not identified either on the recording or on the liner notes . In addition to `` Jesus Is the Answer '' , included on the album , Jessy Dixon also performed `` What Do They Call Him '' on tour , while Urubamba performed the instrumentals `` Kacharpari '' and `` Death in Santa Cruz '' . The album was Simon 's first live release and showed him performing Simon & Garfunkel songs solo in concert for the first time . The variety of songs and richness of styles helped with the album 's appeal . Most notable was Simon 's fascination with gospel , something that materialized in the arrangements on many of the songs , taking distance from Simon 's classical folk early style . Near the end of the album , an audience member calls out for Simon to `` say a few words . '' He replies : `` Say a few words ? Well , let 's hope that we continue to live . '' The album was a moderate success . It reached # 33 in the U.S. and was eventually certified gold by the RIAA . However , it failed to chart at all in the UK . Further , two of the live performances were released as a single as part of the promotion for the album : the breakthrough Simon & Garfunkel `` The Sound of Silence '' as the A-side , along with Simon 's debut single `` Mother and Child Reunion '' on the B-side .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9885a8c3977ef36f75e9c2a16897e08", "text": "American Tune `` American Tune '' is a song by the American singer-songwriter Paul Simon . It was the third single from his third studio album , There Goes Rhymin ' Simon ( 1973 ) , released on Columbia Records . The song , a meditation on the American experience , is based on a melody line from a chorale from Johann Sebastian Bach 's St Matthew Passion . The song reached number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ad38d3d874dcf8383dded2831460784", "text": "Syracuse University Syracuse University ( commonly referred to as Syracuse , ` Cuse , or SU ) is a private research university in Syracuse , New York , United States . The institution 's roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary ( later becoming Genesee College ) , founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima , New York . After several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse , the university was established in 1870 , independent of the college . Since 1920 , the university has identified itself as nonsectarian , although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church . The campus is in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse , east and southeast of downtown , on one of the larger hills . Its large campus features an eclectic mix of buildings , ranging from nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival structures to contemporary buildings . SU is organized into 13 schools and colleges , with nationally recognized programs in information studies and library science , architecture , communications , business administration , inclusive education and wellness , sport management , public administration , engineering and the College of Arts and Sciences . Syracuse University athletic teams , known as the Orange , participate in 20 intercollegiate sports . SU is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference for all NCAA Division I athletics , except for the men 's rowing and women 's ice hockey teams . SU is also a member of the Eastern College Athletic Conference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3784122e95540707a29544dcd6428a9e", "text": "Columbia State Community College Columbia State Community College is a two-year college located in Columbia , Tennessee . Founded in 1966 , it serves nine counties in southern Middle Tennessee through five campuses . Columbia State was established as Tennessee 's first community college . The main campus is located at 1665 Hampshire Pike in Columbia , Tennessee . Columbia State Community College is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award Associate of Art , Associate of Science , Associate of Science in Teaching , Associate of Fine Arts in Music , and Associate of Applied Science degrees , and technical certificates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "653b60d1041a32fc68d1614af013c756", "text": "Hiwassee College Hiwassee College is a private , four-year , liberal arts college located in Madisonville , Tennessee , United States . Founded in 1849 , the college offers associate degrees as well as four-year degrees , The majority of its associate degree graduates go on to attend , and complete , four-year degrees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb5f0c5174d85a98da695d6df0e99ded", "text": "Florida State University College of Music The Florida State University College of Music , located in Tallahassee , Florida , United States , is one of sixteen colleges comprising Florida State University . The college houses two Grammy winners , a former concert master of the New York Philharmonic , a Pulitzer prize-winning composer , a former leading tenor of the Metropolitan Opera , and the world 's leading scholar in medical music therapy . As the third-largest music program in higher education , the college 's comprehensive curricula embrace all traditional areas of music and world music study from the baccalaureate to the doctoral level .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "591c2c009ef08044580915317c0a20cc", "text": "Lesley University Lesley University is a private , coeducational university in Cambridge , Massachusetts . It offers education , expressive therapies , creative writing , counseling , and fine arts programs . The university is a member of the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , National Association of Schools of Art and Design , New England Collegiate Conference , and the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "760860917757048106aa8f4c6b10b901", "text": "University of Southern Indiana The University of Southern Indiana ( USI ) is a public university located just outside Evansville in Vanderburgh County , Indiana , United States . Founded in 1965 , USI enrolls 10,929 dual credit , undergraduate , graduate and doctoral students in more than 80 majors . USI offers programs through the College of Liberal Arts , Romain College of Business , College of Nursing and Health Professions and the Pott College of Science , Engineering , and Education . USI is a member of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities . It is also a Carnegie Foundation Community Engaged University which offers continuing education and special programs to more than 15,000 participants annually through outreach and engagement . USI athletic teams participate in Division II of the NCAA and are known as the Screaming Eagles . USI is a member of the Great Lakes Valley Conference . The university is home to an extensive student life , with more than 140 student organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e57f0ea891bc69e5b1ceea3d725e9e1", "text": "Milligan College Milligan College is a selective Christian liberal arts college founded in 1866 and located in the mountains of Upper East Tennessee and the Tri-Cities region of the state . The school has a student population of more than 1,200 students , most of whom reside and study on its 195 acre campus which is located just a few miles from downtown Johnson City . It is consistently ranked as one of the top liberal arts colleges in the country and well known for its core humanities program . Milligan was named a `` College of Distinction '' in 2011 . In 2016 , the college was named the number two institution of higher education in the state of Tennessee , second only to Vanderbilt University and was ranked one of the best colleges in the nation by the 2017 edition of The Princeton Review Milligan College is historically related to the Christian Churches/Churches of Christ , the Christian Church ( Disciples of Christ ) , and the a cappella Churches of Christ , with about 35 percent of the student body coming from these religious groups . While the college maintains close ties with the churches which founded it , the school welcomes students from all backgrounds . The college offers over 30 undergraduate programs of study and four graduate programs . As part of its focus on faith , Milligan strives to develop authentic Christian community , deep Christian spirituality , and a passion for Christian service among its students . The college works to prepare students to join God 's work of redemption and reconciliation in the larger world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53725d8aa6193a9ce844a13773fbe734", "text": "Portland Seminary Portland Seminary is a multi-denominational , university-based school that offers a variety of master 's degree and postgraduate degree programs in theology and ministry , located in Portland , Oregon . The Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada granted the seminary full accreditation in 1974 . It remains a fully accredited member to present . The Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities also certifies the seminary 's programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac04a0727bcba060176b51535990ebbd", "text": "Liberal arts college A liberal arts college is a college with an emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences . A liberal arts college aims to impart a broad general knowledge and develop general intellectual capacities , in contrast to a professional , vocational , or technical curriculum . Students in a liberal arts college generally major in a particular discipline while receiving exposure to a wide range of academic subjects , including sciences as well as the traditional humanities subjects taught as liberal arts . Although it draws on European antecedents , the liberal arts college is strongly associated with American higher education , and most liberal arts colleges around the world draw explicitly on the American model . There is no formal definition of liberal arts college , but one American authority defines them as schools that `` emphasize undergraduate education and award at least half of their degrees in the liberal arts fields of study . '' Other researchers have adopted similar definitions . Although many liberal arts colleges are exclusively undergraduate , some also offer graduate programs that lead to a master 's degree or doctoral degree in subjects such as business administration , nursing , medicine , and law . Similarly , although the term `` liberal arts college '' most commonly refers to an independent institution , it may also sometimes refer to a university college within or affiliated with a larger university . Most liberal arts colleges outside of the United States follow this model .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6da737f29fcb02ddd090d19e3a8f3a10	The Lion King was released by Sony Pictures.	[ { "docid": "4077b9763654b00025c303b172e51b42", "text": "The Lion King The Lion King is a 1994 American animated epic musical film , produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film . The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa and was influenced by William Shakespeare 's Hamlet . The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance . The Lion King was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff , produced by Don Hahn , and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi , Jonathan Roberts , and Linda Woolverton . Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice , and original scores were written by Hans Zimmer . The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick , James Earl Jones , Jeremy Irons , Jonathan Taylor Thomas , Moira Kelly , Nathan Lane , Ernie Sabella , Rowan Atkinson , Robert Guillaume , Madge Sinclair , Whoopi Goldberg , Cheech Marin , and Jim Cummings . The Lion King tells the story of Simba , a young lion who is to succeed his father , Mufasa , as King of the Pride Lands ; however , after Simba 's uncle Scar murders Mufasa , Simba is manipulated into thinking he was responsible and flees into exile . Upon maturation living with two wastrels , Simba is given some valuable perspective from his childhood friend , Nala , and his shaman , Rafiki , before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny and take his place in the Circle of Life as the rightful King . Development of The Lion King began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg , Roy E. Disney , and Peter Schneider while promoting Oliver & Company in Europe . Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment , and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director , being later joined by Allers . Production began in 1991 concurrently with Pocahontas , which wound up attracting most of Disney 's top animators . Some time after the staff traveled to Hell 's Gate National Park in Kenya to research on the film 's setting and animals , Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical and was replaced by Minkoff . When Hahn joined the project , he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten . Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences were produced at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida . Computer animation was also used in several scenes , most notably in the wildebeest stampede sequence . The Lion King was released on June 15 , 1994 , to a positive reaction from critics , who praised the film for its music , story , and animation ; it finished its theatrical run as the highest-grossing release of 1994 and the second highest-grossing film of all time . The Lion King garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy . The film has led to many derived works , such as a Broadway adaptation ; two direct-to-video follow-ups -- the sequel , The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride ( 1998 ) , and the prequel/parallel , The Lion King 1 1/2 ( 2004 ) -- ; two television series , Timon and Pumbaa and The Lion Guard ; and a 3D re-release , in 2011 . In 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A CGI live-action remake of the film is scheduled for a July 19 , 2019 release in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9598e8560912dabe471ba3a1e4f67a64", "text": "Mill Creek Entertainment Mill Creek Entertainment is an American home video company founded in 2002 by Ian Warfield , Robert Zakheim and Scott Moss in Minnetonka , Minnesota . The Mill Creek Entertainment catalog draws from over 12,000 hours of owned and licensed content , including contemporary and classic feature films , as well as television , animations , documentary , special interest , family entertainment and fitness content . The company 's licensing partnerships with major studios include Buena Vista Home Entertainment , Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , NBCUniversal , and Warner Home Video . The company is known for its multi-film DVD collections , which draw heavily ( but not exclusively ) from material in the public domain in the United States . The company also produces its own original documentary programming , including the National Parks Explorer Series , Up from Slavery , Gangster Empire : Rise of the Mob , The Ultimate Civil War Series , America 's Serial Killers , and The Decade You Were Born series . Mill Creek acquired the library of Crown International Pictures from now defunct Navarre Corporation subsidiary BCI Home Entertainment . On April 23 , 2012 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a home video distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , acquiring the rights to distribute 250 films from the Sony Pictures catalog on DVD and Blu-ray . On August 27 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a long term distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment to distribute an additional 665 films and 54 TV series from the Sony Pictures library .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a028122c9a8a8940fb84718c5a81487", "text": "The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure The Lion King : Simba ′ s Mighty Adventure is a video game based on Walt Disney Pictures ′ animated film The Lion King . The title was published by Activision in 2000 , and was released on Game Boy Color and PlayStation . Unlike the previous The Lion King video game , it adhered more closely to the events in the film and the storyline carried on into The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , with Simba having to battle his evil uncle Scar , rescue his daughter Kiara ( the protagonist from The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride ) , and finally battle Zira . This game was the only console-based platform game to involve The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride . All other games based on the title were educational or puzzle games and were released on the PC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226d109cbb076be2d82b7fec858f26dd", "text": "Circle of Life `` Circle of Life '' is a song from Disney 's 1994 animated film The Lion King . Composed by Elton John , with lyrics by Tim Rice , the song was performed by Carmen Twillie ( the deep female lead vocals ) and Lebo M. ( opening Zulu vocals ) as the film 's opening song . In an interview , Rice said he was amazed at the speed with which John composed : `` I gave him the lyrics at the beginning of the session at about two in the afternoon . By half-past three , he 'd finished writing and recording a stunning demo . '' Elton John sang a pop version of the song with the London Community Gospel Choir , which was included in the film 's soundtrack and made into a music video . `` Circle of Life '' was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song in 1994 , along with two other songs from The Lion King : `` Hakuna Matata '' and `` Can You Feel the Love Tonight '' which won the award . The song reached # 11 in the UK and # 18 in the United States and is featured frequently in attractions based on The Lion King , such as Disney theme parks and parades . Michael Crawford sang it as part of a medley for The Disney Album in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea2b79112a0a5c8a1f775dd72cbc60c", "text": "Peter Schneider (film executive) Peter Schneider is an American film and theatrical producer , notable as the first president of Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company from 1985 to 1999 , and was responsible for helping to turn the feature animation department around and creating some of the most critically acclaimed and highest grossing animated features that Disney released . These films included Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) , Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 , the first animated feature to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture ) , Aladdin ( 1992 ) , and The Lion King ( 1994 , the highest domestic grossing animated film of all time until 2003 ) . Schneider also sealed the deal that created the highly successful partnership between Pixar and Disney . He was promoted to studio chief in 1999 . In 2001 , Schneider left Disney to form his own theater production company . His first major production , developed in association with Michael Reno , was Sister Act which opened at the London Palladium in 2009 . Peter graduated from Purdue University in 1972 with a theater degree . Along with producer Don Hahn , Schneider produced a documentary entitled Waking Sleeping Beauty in 2009 , which focused on the revival of Disney animation during the 1980s and early 1990s . Schneider is also a world champion bridge player , having won the World Transnational Open Teams Championship in 2005 . He possesses the title of World Bridge Federation ( WBF ) World Life Master ( WLM ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f70081d43429ebaf7b74d980ae98df6", "text": "The King Maker The King Maker ( Thai : กบฎท้าวศรีสุดาจันทร์ , or The Rebellion of Queen Sudachan , is a 2005 Thai historical drama film set during the Ayutthaya kingdom . With a storyline that shares many similarities to 2001 's The Legend of Suriyothai , The King Maker 's plot focuses on a Portuguese mercenary ( Gary Stretch ) in the service of the Siamese court . Produced by David Winters , it was the first English-language Thai film production since the 1941 film , King of the White Elephant , produced by Pridi Phanomyong . This was also the first Thai film sold to a `` Major film studio '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75b801afb38eebc5d9342070d193fefc", "text": "Burger King legal issues The legal issues of Burger King include several legal disputes and lawsuits involving the international fast food restaurant chain Burger King ( BK ) as both plaintiff and defendant in the years since its founding in 1954 . These have involved almost every aspect of the company 's operations . Depending on the ownership and executive staff at the time of these incidents , the company 's responses to these challenges have ranged from a conciliatory dialog with its critics and litigants to a more aggressive opposition with questionable tactics and negative consequences . The company 's response to these various issues has drawn praise , scorn , and accusations of political appeasement from different parties over the years . A diverse range of groups have raised issues , such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) over the welfare of animals , governmental and social agencies over health issues and compliance with nutritional labeling laws , and unions and trade groups over labor relations and laws . These situations have touched on the concepts of animal rights , corporate responsibility and ethics , as well as social justice . While the majority of the disputes did not result in lawsuits , in many of the cases the situations raised legal questions , dealt with statutory compliance , or resulted in legal remedies such as changes in contractual procedure or binding agreements between parties . The resolutions to these legal matters have often altered the way the company interacts and negotiates contracts with its suppliers and franchisees or how it does business with the public . Further controversies have occurred because of the company 's involvement in the Middle East . The opening of a Burger King location in the Israeli-occupied territories led to a breach of contract dispute between Burger King and its Israeli franchise ; the dispute eventually erupted into a geopolitical conflagration involving Muslim and Jewish groups on multiple continents over the application of and adherence to international law . The case eventually elicited reactions from the members of the 22-nation Arab League ; the Islamic countries within the League made a joint threat to the company of legal sanctions including the revocation of Burger King 's business licenses within the member states ' territories . A second issue involving members of the Islamic faith over the interpretation of the Muslim version of Canon Law , Shariah , regarding the promotional artwork on a dessert package in the United Kingdom raised issues of cultural sensitivity , and , with the former example , posed a larger question about the lengths that companies must go to insure the smooth operation of their businesses in the communities they serve . A trademark dispute involving the owners of the identically named Burger King in Mattoon , Illinois led to a federal lawsuit ; the case 's outcome helped define the scope of the Lanham act and trademark law in the United States . An existing trademark held by a shop of the same name in South Australia forced the company to change its name in Australia , while another state trademark in Texas forced the company to abandon its signature product , the Whopper , in several counties around San Antonio . The company was only able to enter northern Alberta , in Canada , in 1995 , after it paid the founders of another chain named Burger King . Legal decisions from other suits have set contractual law precedents in regards to long-arm statutes , the limitations of franchise agreements , and ethical business practices ; many of these decisions have helped define general business dealings that continue to shape the entire marketplace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a011327b104cfba2044192dd494531c4", "text": "Colossal Pictures Colossal Pictures ( styled as ( Colossal ) Pictures or ( C ) P ) was an entertainment company that developed and produced television programming , advertising , network branding , and visual effects . Colossal 's work has won every major industry award , from the Clio , Emmy and Grammy to the Cannes Gold Lion and Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Top Honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7224e9c68c6aef3edb902ed4079055e", "text": "Lion vs. Lion Lion vs. Lion , also known as Roar of the Lion and Nan bei shi wang ( 南北獅王 , literally `` South North Lion King '' ) , is a 1981 Hong Kong kung fu film written and directed by Hsu Hsia and Chien Yuen Sheng . The film was produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio , a major Hong Kong film production company at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d24e8dc9df0f3c69d921b0295c72def", "text": "List of Kimba the White Lion episodes These are the episodes of the anime television series Kimba the White Lion ( Jungle Emperor ) . The series originally ran from October 6 , 1965 , to September 28 , 1966 , in Japan and from September 11 , 1966 , to September 3 , 1967 , in the U.S. There were two English dubs produced for this anime series . The first ( and more widely viewed ) English dub was produced by Titan Productions for NBC Enterprises to license and run in syndication in the United States , with a handful of talented voice actors . Despite that they dubbed all 52 episodes of the series , 49 of them have been aired in a mixed up order , in the United States , due to the NBC catalog order of how they aired them in sequence . On September 30 , 1978 , the license for NBC to hold the rights to the English dub has dropped due to the bankruptcy of Mushi Productions being bankrupt earlier in 1973 . Afterwards , the Titan Productions English dub was no longer available to view at that time . In 1993 , Fumio Suzuki made plans to bring the series to television once more to the English-speaking market . After the legal battles of who was going to gain ownership , a Canadian company from Toronto known as Zaza Sound Productions Ltd. won the rights to produce a second English dub of the anime series with a handful of Canadian voice actors , as well as airing this dub in several English-speaking regions ( Australia , United Kingdom , etc. ) , with CEG Distribution distributing the series . Landmark Entertainment Group Inc. , Susuki Associates and CEG Cinema Partners have also contributed to this dub . Fans have often labeled this as the `` Canadian dub '' . It was said to be a remake of the 1966 U.S. English dub , with a more faithful translation of the original Japanese scripts , but had to create a whole new soundtrack composed by Paul J. Zaza , since they were unable to use the original soundtrack composed by Isao Tomita which was also used in the 1966 U.S. English dub . This version was also more edited including heavy cuts and changes . In 1995 , A low-budget American company known as UAV Corporation released a limited number of episodes of the 1993 Canadian English re-dub on VHS in North America , under the title Kimba the Lion Prince .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa953bad38bca1fbf0fe3cb22da64299", "text": "Walkman Walkman is a Sony brand tradename originally used for portable audio cassette/tape players in the late 1970s . In the 2010s , it was used to market Sony 's portable audio and video players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phones . The original Walkman actually introduced a change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry recorded music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphones . Owners of the Walkman were able to take back their `` lost '' time , commuting for example , and turn it into a pleasurable experience , or add a soundtrack to their urban surroundings . It was the privatization and personalization offered by the Walkman that led to its success . The Walkman has gained popularity in recent years because in the 2014 film `` Guardians Of The Galaxy '' and it 's 2017 predecessor `` Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol . 2 , '' the main character uses a Walkman and cassette to listen to his music . The prototype was built in 1978 by audio-division engineer Nobutoshi Kihara for Sony co-founder Masaru Ibuka . Ibuka wanted to be able to listen to operas during his frequent trans-Pacific plane trips , and presented the idea to Kihara . The original idea for a portable stereo is credited to Brazilian-German inventor Andreas Pavel . The first Walkman was marketed in 1979 in Japan , using the name Walkman . From 1980 , it was known as the Soundabout in many other countries including the US , Freestyle in Sweden , and the Stowaway in the UK . Advertising , despite all the foreign languages , still attracted thousands of buyers in the US specifically . Sony President and co-founder Akio Morita hated the name `` Walkman '' and asked that it be changed , but relented after being told by junior executives that a promotion campaign had already begun using the brand name and that it would be too expensive to change . The names `` Walkman '' , `` Pressman '' , `` Watchman '' , `` Scoopman '' , `` Discman '' , and `` Talkman '' are trademarks of Sony , and have been applied to a wide range of portable entertainment devices manufactured by the company . The name `` Walkman '' was based on its precursor , the Pressman tape recorder . An initial prototype of the Walkman was in fact made by replacing the monophonic recording circuit , head and speaker from the Pressman with a stereo playback-only head and amplifier . Sony continues to use the `` Walkman '' brand name for most of their portable audio devices , after the `` Discman '' name for CD players was dropped in the late 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6288fee2bd1021cbd3c2016ba584e22", "text": "Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios may refer to : Walt Disney Studios ( division ) , the Walt Disney Company 's Studio Entertainment unit , which includes Disney 's motion picture studios , music labels , theatrical production company , and distribution companies . Walt Disney Studios ( Burbank ) , complex in Burbank , California , built in 1939 , which serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company . It is also a functioning film studio and hosts production facilities for Disney 's various entertainment businesses Walt Disney Animation Studios , the company 's main animation division . Animated films are released under the Walt Disney Pictures label Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , the primary theatrical film distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment , the primary home media distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12cad832ff42c27ba52f98e9e0ae3aa", "text": "The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "285dbf39dd5c4bd071268f6cc787089f", "text": "Lionsgate Home Entertainment Lionsgate Home Entertainment ( formerly Lions Gate Films Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Home Entertainment ) is the home video distribution arm of Lionsgate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8541388752059e6798a02aaef1fad2c0", "text": "List of Criterion Collection UK releases This is a list of Criterion Collection Blu-ray titles released in U.K. , distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment . The Criterion Collection is a video distribution company which specializes in licensing and selling `` important classic and contemporary films '' in `` editions that offer the highest technical quality and award-winning , original supplements . '' Janus Films and the Voyager Company established The Criterion Collection in 1984 as a privately held company concentrating upon the North American home video market . In March 2016 , Criterion announced that due to a distribution partnership with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment select Criterion Collection titles would be launching in U.K. as Blu-ray editions , starting on April 18 , 2016 . So far all the released titles have been films that have already been released in US by Criterion Collection , or that have received simultaneous releases in the US and U.K. . So far all the released titles have been identical to their US counterparts apart from region coding ( A in the US and B in U.K. ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8394dbdb939a626339fc497ded02578e", "text": "Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom may refer to : Animal or the Kingdom Animalia , a classification of living organisms Animal Kingdom ( horse ) , winner of the 2011 Kentucky Derby Disney 's Animal Kingdom , a theme park at Walt Disney World , Florida , U.S. Animal Kingdom Resort Area , a group of resorts near the theme park In performing arts : The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 play by Philip Barry The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 American comedy-drama film based on the play Animal Kingdom ( film ) , a 2010 Australian crime film Animal Kingdom ( TV series ) , an American television series on TNT inspired by the Australian film Animal Kingdom ( band ) , a UK indie rock band Animal Kingdom , a 2008 album by Baseball Animal Kingdom , a 2010 album by Raptile Animal Kingdom : Let 's Go Ape , a 2013 Belgian-French-Italian CGI-animated film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" } ]	fever
10c5d82e7a73ab3bff2ee858d5d725a1	Jack Reacher is a movie.	[ { "docid": "bd09714612d63373038a4b03d3327c50", "text": "Jack Reacher (film) th : Jack Reacher ยอดคนสืบระห่ำ Jack Reacher ( formerly called One Shot , or alternatively known as Jack Reacher : One Shot ) is a 2012 American action thriller film written and directed by Christopher McQuarrie , based on Lee Child 's 2005 novel One Shot . The film stars Tom Cruise as the title character , with Rosamund Pike , David Oyelowo , Richard Jenkins , Jai Courtney , Werner Herzog and Robert Duvall also starring . The film entered production in October 2011 , and concluded in January 2012 . It was filmed entirely on location in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . It received generally positive reviews and performed well at the box office . The film was released in North America on December 21 . The musical score was composed by Joe Kraemer , performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony and recorded at the Sony Scoring Stage in Culver City , California . Cruise performed all of his own driving stunts during the film 's signature car chase sequence . Cruise reprised his role in the sequel , Jack Reacher : Never Go Back , based on the 2013 novel Never Go Back , which was released in October 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce6144f21aedd6c0904ef060cc9b80e", "text": "The Verdict The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman , Charlotte Rampling , Jack Warden , James Mason , Milo O'Shea and Lindsay Crouse . The film , which was directed by Sidney Lumet , was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed . It is about a down-on-his-luck alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation , but discovers along the way that he is doing the right thing . The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success . The film was nominated for five Academy Awards , including Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Paul Newman ) , Best Actor in a Supporting Role ( James Mason ) , Best Director ( Sidney Lumet ) , Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay ( David Mamet ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e29517648c01e1e581e4268fd7e95f", "text": "Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf0bde025d3b043178b4fe9ebd3ac0d", "text": "Blonde Cobra Blonde Cobra is a 1963 short film directed by experimental filmmaker Ken Jacobs . Footage for the unique and at the time controversial film was shot by Bob Flieshner . Marc Siegel in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die states that the 33 minute film is `` generally considered to be one of the masterpieces of the New York underground film scene , and that it is a `` fascinating audio-visual testament to the tragicomic performance of the inimitable Jack Smith '' , who was a photographer and filmmaker and `` queer muse '' in New York avant-garde art in the 1960s and 1970s . The film captures Smith wearing dresses and makeup , playing with dolls , and smoking marijuana . Paul Arthur writes that the film contains `` dizzying quasi-autobiographical rants '' which spin on sadism , and that like Jacobs ' Little Stabs At Happiness , it contains `` languid improvisations studded with the bare bones of narrative incident or , more accurately , its collapse '' . The film contains Smith droning and singing and wildly cooing and cackling in parts of the film . The `` lonely little boy '' episode about a little boy living in a large house with 10 rooms has been cited as being `` potentially repugnant to many viewers '' because of its exploration of sadism against children and childhood sexuality . In this episode the narrator confesses to have `` blown up the penis '' of a 7-year-old boy with a match . The film contains numerous other elements which were shocking at the time of release such as references to necrophilia , the use of the word `` cunt '' , the confession of a nun ( impersonated in a posh high-pitched voice by Smith ) to lesbianism , the holding of a giant would-be dildo , and a portrayal of tranvestites . The film features quotes such as `` Why shave when I ca n't think of a reason for living '' and `` life is a sad business '' , quoting Greta Garbo . `` Let 's Call the Whole Thing Off '' is then played , described as a `` burlesque rendering '' of Robert Siodmak 's 1944 film Cobra Woman . The last scene captures Smith stabbing a man in the chest . Hilary Radner and Moya Luckett consider the film to be a camp portrayal of Rose Hobart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5cbf871bf7212b68a3604f8734dbcd8", "text": "Jack Tier Jack Tier , or the Florida Reef is a novel by James Fenimore Cooper first published in 1848 by New York publisher Hurd and Houghton . Set during the Mexican-American war , the novel relates a twenty-year homosocial relationship verging on the homoerotic between a sailor and the captain of the boat . But by the end of the novel the sailor is the captain 's wife , transforming the story into one of heterosexual love and passion . The novel was first published serially in a magazine under the title Rose Budd in 1846 . When commenting on the novel in the context of other novels about the Mexican-American War , critic Jaime Javier Rodríguez describes the novel as `` an obscure work not always found in library stacks -LSB- thus it -RSB- remains largely unread but it too deserves attention . '' Garden Key Light on Garden Key in the Dry Tortugas was used as the setting for the novel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af22df3ea6e8d51d54fddc84b568cc73", "text": "Stealth (film) Stealth is a 2005 science fiction action film starring Josh Lucas , Jessica Biel , Jamie Foxx , Sam Shepard , Joe Morton and Richard Roxburgh . The film , an international co-production between the United States , Australia , and New Zealand , was directed by Rob Cohen , director of The Fast and the Furious and xXx . The film follows three top fighter pilots as they join a project to develop an automated robotic stealth aircraft . Released on July 29 , 2005 by Columbia Pictures , the film cost $ 135 million to make , but was panned by critics , and was a box office bomb making only $ 76 million worldwide , one of the worst losses in cinematic history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e8a5cbd98b7c919d039bccacd6ac951", "text": "Operation Chromite (film) Operation Chromite is a 2016 South Korean war drama film directed by John H. Lee and based on the real-life events of the Battle of Inchon , although it presents a fictionalised version of the historical CIA/US military intelligence operation `` Trudy Jackson '' , conducted before the actual landing operation . It was released on 27 July 2016 in South Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "263d54509ff351695f1033ea915e7b1d", "text": "Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson Unforgivable Blackness : The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson is a documentary by filmmaker Ken Burns based on the nonfiction book of the same name by Geoffrey C. Ward ( 2004 ) . In Burns ' signature style the 220-minute film serves as a biography of Jack Johnson , the first African-American Heavyweight Boxing Champion of the World , as well as a documentary of racism and social inequality during the Jim Crow era against which Jack Johnson lived in defiant opposition . The documentary was first broadcast on PBS in two parts on January 17 and January 18 , 2005 . The film is narrated by Keith David and features a soundtrack by Wynton Marsalis and Samuel L. Jackson as the voice of Jack Johnson . Alan Rickman also contributed his voice to the documentary . Stanley Crouch appears offering commentary , including a quote from Johnson responding a question from a white woman about black people , `` We eat cold eels and think distant thoughts . '' In 2005 , the film earned Burns an Emmy Award for Directing for Non-Fiction Programming . David won an Emmy for Best Voice Over Performance . The film was produced by David Schaye , Paul Barnes and Ken Burns ( Executive Producer ) for Florentine Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "112a76e6d9f0ebdf5f3439128b9b61df", "text": "Jackass Number Two: Music from the Motion Picture Jackass Number Two : Music from the Motion Picture is the soundtrack from the movie Jackass Number Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe66a055330215db0b2cbf5e270a9e6b", "text": "Film à clef A film à clef or film à clé ( -LSB- film ‿ a kle -RSB- , French for `` film with a key '' ) , is a film describing real life , behind a façade of fiction . `` Key '' in this context means a table one can use to swap out the names . It is the film equivalent of the literary roman à clef .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8fd70f1296652a885808b8e0f02161", "text": "Indestructible Man Indestructible Man is a 1956 American crime horror science fiction film , an original screenplay by Vy Russell and Sue Dwiggins for producer-director Jack Pollexfen and starring Lon Chaney , Jr. , Ross Elliott and Robert Shayne . The picture was produced independently by C.G.K. Productions , and distributed in the United States by Allied Artists Pictures Corporation . The film was distributed theatrically in 1956 on a double bill with World Without End '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed72d632df5c16047a41afc2bda0c77", "text": "The Professionals (1966 film) The Professionals is a 1966 American western written , produced , and directed by Richard Brooks . It starred Burt Lancaster , Lee Marvin , Robert Ryan , and Claudia Cardinale , with Jack Palance , Ralph Bellamy , and Woody Strode in supporting roles . The script was adapted from the novel A Mule for the Marquesa by Frank O'Rourke . The film received three Academy Award nominations and an enthusiastic critical reception .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4beac6dbfaa6044aa46d5576f8875161", "text": "Attack (1956 film) Attack , also known as Attack ! , is a 1956 American war film . It was directed by Robert Aldrich and starred Jack Palance , Eddie Albert , Lee Marvin , William Smithers , Robert Strauss , Richard Jaeckel , Buddy Ebsen and Peter van Eyck . The cinematographer was Joseph Biroc . `` A cynical and grim account of war '' , the film is set in the latter stages of World War II and tells the story of a front-line combat unit led by a cowardly captain clearly out of his depth , as well as a tougher subordinate and an executive officer who both threaten to do away with him . As the official trailer put it : `` Not every gun is pointed at the enemy ! '' The film won the 1956 Italian Film Critics Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34c993005dd143409d6b14f2b4093065", "text": "Monte Walsh (1970 film) Monte Walsh is a 1970 film directed by cinematographer William A. Fraker . His directorial debut , it stars Lee Marvin , Jeanne Moreau and Jack Palance . The name `` Monte Walsh '' is taken from the title of a 1963 western novel by Jack Schaefer , but the film has little to do with the plot of Schaefer 's book . The film was set in Harmony , Arizona . A made-for-TV remake was set in Wyoming and directed by Simon Wincer , with Tom Selleck and Isabella Rossellini playing the parts of Monte and Martine . The story has elements of a tragedy . The song played over the opening credits is `` The Good Times Are Comin ' '' by Mama Cass , with music and lyrics by John Barry and Hal David .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a1bc70aad417cdb4d04c839681a1c88", "text": "Gideon's Day (film) Gideon 's Day ( originally released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard ) is a 1958 police procedural crime film starring Jack Hawkins , Dianne Foster and Cyril Cusack . The film , which was directed by John Ford , was adapted from John Creasey 's novel of the same name . It was released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard . Although this is the first film to feature the named character of George Gideon , Jack Hawkins had already played a very similar role in the British film The Long Arm two years earlier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c61475141ef1d51ae6edcab3d863f", "text": "Little Boy (film) Little Boy is a 2015 World War II war fantasy-drama film directed by Alejandro Gómez Monteverde . The screenplay is by Monteverde and Pepe Portillo , and the film was produced by Eduardo Verástegui and Leo Severino , edited by Joan Sobel and Fernando Villena . The film stars Jakob Salvati , Emily Watson , Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa , Michael Rapaport , David Henrie , Ben Chaplin , Eduardo Verástegui , Ted Levine , Abraham Benrubi , Tom Wilkinson . The title is a reference to Little Boy , the code name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima as well as a reference to Pepper , the main character 's height . The film was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24 , 2015 , by Open Road Films . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment . The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and it earned $ 17 million on a $ 20 million budget . The story of the movie is being used in the 2017 Bollywood movie Tubelight starring Salman Khan in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" } ]	fever
97e806fcee3bc78e7e0992f9edfad9ef	Kiiara is a person.	[ { "docid": "3e8110ee9df9ee32952c852b980382fa", "text": "Kiiara Kiara Saulters ( born May 24 , 1995 ) , known professionally as Kiiara , is an American singer and songwriter from Wilmington , Illinois . She is currently signed to Atlantic Records . Her music is described as downcast electronic pop with bass-heavy , trap-style rap production .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "dff387d4f448228fb8cd8a5883d12ef6", "text": "Karura The is a divine creature with human torso and birdlike head in Japanese Hindu-Buddhist mythology . The name is a transliteration of Garuda ( Sanskrit : गरुड ; Pāli : ) a race of enoromously gigantic birds in Hinduism , upon which the Japanese Buddhist version is based . The same creature may go by the name of . The karura is said to be enormous , fire-breathing , and to feed on dragons/serpents , just as Garuda is the bane of Nāgas . Only a dragon who possesses a Buddhist talisman , or one who has converted to the Buddhist teaching , can escape unharmed from the Karura . Shumisen or Mount Meru is said to be its habitat . Karura is one of the proselytized and converted creatures recruited to form a guardian unit called the . One famous example is the karura statue at Kōfukuji temple , Nara ( amongst the eight deva statues presented at dated to the year Tenpyō 6 or 734 AD , pictured top right ) . This karura is depicted as wearing Chinese Tang dynasty style armor , and thus is seen wingless . But more conventionally , the karura ( garuda ) is depicted as a winged being with human torso and avian head , as in the Vajra Hall section of the Womb Realm mandala and other iconographic books and scrolls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d29f259af8991ca9208ee5b7ecbb7f68", "text": "Jie (Uganda) The Jie are an ethnic group of Uganda . They belong to the Karamojong Cluster , which also includes the Karamojong and Dodoth people . Their country in northeast Uganda lies between the Dodoth to the north and the Karamojong to the south . The Jie people were estimated to number about 50,000 as of 1986 . Their language is a dialect of the Karamojong language . Jie families that believe they are distantly related in the male line often keep their homesteads close to each other . Jie clans are groups of related people that may have over one hundred members . They are exogamous , meaning that people must marry outside the clan , and men should generally not marry into their mother 's clan . There are some common cultural symbols among the Jie , such as jewelry , but they do not have strong shared taboos related to animals or food . The Jie are semi-nomadic pastoral people . They share the habit of constant low-level warfare , mainly to capture cattle , with their neighbors . According to P.H. Gulliver , writing in 1952 , `` Turkana made war on all their neighbours with the exception of the Jie , with whom they occasionally allied themselves against the Karamajong and the Dodoth . Karamajong similarly made war on all their neighbors with the exception of the Dudoth , with whom they occasionally allied themselves against the Jie . Jie claim friendship with the Toposa , but since they have no common boundaries this would have been of little importance . Toposa and Donyiro did not fight each other , and are known to have formed an alliance against the Turkana . Toposa and Jie were enemies '' . The Jie have experienced difficulty with a government that is not sympathetic to their lifestyle , wanting them to stay in one place for easier administration , and to sell their cattle for cash to pay taxes . The people retain their warlike traditions . In June 2009 , eight people were shot dead by Jie warriors in Kaabong district . The warriors had been prevented by police from raiding protected kraals . They killed six residents of Luwakuj village in Kapedo sub-county and two residents in Lukwakaramoi village in Kalapata sub-county .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f39bbd9667b8cb2436bbb12c491f0bb", "text": "Kora Jazz Trio Kora Jazz Trio was a three piece African musical group , founded in 2002 by Djeli Moussa Diawara , Guinean Korafola , with Abdoulaye Diabate and Moussa Sissokho , best known for producing a music that is a mix of American jazz with traditional African music . Described as `` the encounter between mandinga musical tradition and the freedom of jazz , between West African percussion and Afro-American swing '' , they have been recognized for their focus on sharing their cultural heritage , without doing so for the sake of mainstream success or in an effort to create a movement . After three albums , Djeli Moussa Diawara left the band to focus on personal projects and was replaced by Soriba Kouyate . The Kora Jazz Trio was replaced by the Kora Jazz Band in 2010 , and the release of the album `` Kora Jazz Band & Guests ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9e3ed32ab05b52dbef3f54a458276eb", "text": "Kalika Purana The Kalika Purana ( ca. 10th century ) is a Hindu religious text , considered as one of the 18 Upapuranas . The extant text contains 98 chapters with over 9000 stanzas and is the only work of the genre dedicated to the worship of the goddess Kali in her manifold forms such as Girija , Devi , Bhadrakali , and Mahamaya . This text describes in detail the rivers and mountains at Kamarupa tirtha and mentions the Kamakhya temple . It glorifies the goddess Kamakhya , or Kamakshi and details the ritual procedures required for worshiping her . The Kalika Purana is equally well known , and both feared and slandered , for its detailed description of human sacrifice , an ancient and very common ritual most humans/cultures do n't like to be reminded of . However , the main purpose of the text seems to be an attempt to close the gap between mainstream religious practice and the `` forbidden '' tantric methods , like use of the panchamakara ( meat , wine , fish , parched grain and sexual intercourse ) in a ritual context . The work belongs , therefore , to the goddess-oriented Shakta branch of Hinduism . Most probably it was composed in Kamarupa ( modern Assam ) . It is an important work which has been quoted as an authority by the comparatively late Nibandha ( digests of the smritis ) writers from all over India , especially regarding Shakti worship . This Upapurana contains gratuitous material which refers to events and conditions of the remote past . It is also one of the rare Hindu texts that actually mentions the word `` Hindu '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68e6284ca6327042b401b318bb894b46", "text": "Kira (given name) Kira is a usually feminine given name of ancient origin and multiple etymological derivations . The feminine form is pronounced -LSB- ˈkɪərə -RSB- . It might be a feminine form of the name Kiran , pronounced -LSB- ˈkɪərən -RSB- . Kiran is of Hindi and Sanskrit origin , meaning `` beam of light '' . Besides Sanskrit , there might be other etymologies from Egyptian , where the word Ki-Ra means `` like Ra '' , or Persian . Due to the Greek interpretation of the Persian king 's name Kourosh ( کوروش , Kūrosh ) as Κύρος ( Kýros ) -- which was obviously modeled after the Greek word κύριος ( kýrios `` lord '' ) , the feminine form being κυρία ( kyría ) -- Kyra ( or Kira ) can also be understood as a variant of this originally Persian name of uncertain signification . Therefore , it is also in use as a feminine form of the Greek diminutive form Cyril . Cyrus was the name of several kings of Persia , including Cyrus the Great , who was famous for his vast expansion of the Persian Empire , conquering Babylon ; he is known to many today from the Bible , for freeing the captive Jews ( among others ) and allowing them to return to their homeland . In Russian Kira is the feminine form of the masculine name Kir , meaning `` mistress , ruler '' , but can translate to `` leader of the people '' , `` one the people look to '' or `` beloved '' . Kira could also have arrived into Russian from the Persian-Greek name Kyra . Kira can also be the diminutive of the old and rare masculine given name Avvakir . Kira is one of several Anglicized forms of the Irish name Ciara , which in Irish means `` dark haired '' . There is also a Japanese name , romanized as Kira , which is common in Japan , as both given name and family name . Kira kira also means `` glittery , shiny '' in Japanese . Variant forms include Kaira , Keera , Keira , Kiera , Kyra , Kyrah , Kyreena , Kyrha , Kyria , Kyrie , Kyrene , Kyrra and Kirra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc36785fd00c46d103a9be34f82ddd5e", "text": "Hiwi people The Hiwi call themselves the `` people of the savannah '' for the vast flatlands they inhabit between the Meta and Vichada rivers in Colombia . In Venezuela , the Hiwi live in the states of Apure , Guarico , Bolivar , and Amazonas . Seventeenth - and eighteenth-century historians described the Hiwi as nomadic hunter-gatherers . Their long history of violent conflict , extending well into the twentieth century , has meant dramatic changes in their way of life . Today , when the Hiwi visit criollo towns , they wear European-style clothing : shirts and pants for the men , and cotton dresses for the women . In their own villages , many continue to wear traditional loincloths made of cloth or of a vegetable bark called marima . Traditional clothing also includes body ornaments . The Hiwi make necklaces of glass beads as well as shamanic amulet necklaces for ceremonial use , made with animal teeth , hooves , and beaks . Textile crafts are an important part of their material culture . Using looms , the Hiwi weave high-quality hammocks with moriche or cumare fibers . Historically , basketry has been a male occupation among the Hiwi , and the baskets they weave for transporting and storing foodstuffs are decorated with red and black geometric designs . Recently , women have begun to make baskets for commercial sale . Some Hiwi still make pottery , although far fewer since the introduction of aluminum pots and plastic containers . Traditionally an activity of the dry season , vessels are made by rolling rings of clay over a base . After they dry , they are burned over an open fire and then decorated with vegetable dyes such as cumare and caruto . Despite a reputation as less than excellent navigators , the Hiwi do make curiaras and oars . The curiaras are made from a tree similar to the cedar . After the bark is removed , they use fire , hatchets , and machetes to shape the wood . From the same wood , they produce oars with round handles and oval paddles . Although made by hand , the completed curiara looks newly manufactured . The Hiwi make wind and percussion musical instruments for festivities and ceremonial rituals , such as flutes with three holes made from large deer bones . Pan flutes , made with five or six tubes of caña amarga , often are played with another musical instrument made from the skull and antlers of the deer . The maraca , the shaman 's principal musical instrument , is traditionally used for healing . The body of a maraca is made from a dried gourd , which is then painted with geometric patterns . It is often decorated as well with a tuft of curassow feathers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "216047b8b832ffc5cde0a75e6f6d7028", "text": "Kililana Kililana is a settlement in Kenya 's Coast Province .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cfd848b19f3c120f601cc76de19b1eb", "text": "Kazuma Kiryu is a fictional character and main protagonist in Sega 's 2005 action-adventure JRPG series , Yakuza . Kiryu is a yakuza who takes the blame for his boss ' death to protect his best friend , resulting in his expulsion from the clan and a ten-year stay in prison . After leaving prison , Kiryu realizes the crime world has changed and fights against the new threats in his life . Kiryu is the protagonist of the following Yakuza games which follow his attempts to aid his former family . He is voiced by Takaya Kuroda in Japanese and by Darryl Kurylo in the English version of the first game . Kiryu was created to appeal to a broad audience as a result of being the series ' only playable character during its first three games . Critical reception to Kiryu has been generally positive , and he is often recognized as a PlayStation mascot . Several have praised how despite him identifying as a yakuza , Kiryu stood out because of his kindness and character development across the series ' story . On the other hand , he has also been viewed as a somewhat typical gaming protagonist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4374bfcedca0328344a99a0c525886f9", "text": "Ki (goddess) Cuneiform KI ( Borger 2003 nr . 737 ; U +121 A0 ) is the sign for `` earth '' . It is also read as GI5 , GUNNI ( = KI.NE ) `` hearth '' , KARAŠ ( = KI.KAL.BAD ) `` encampment , army '' , KISLAḪ ( = KI.UD ) `` threshing floor '' or steath , and SUR7 ( = KI.GAG ) . In Akkadian orthography , it functions as a determiner for toponyms and has the syllabic values gi , ge , qi , and qe . As an earth goddess in Sumerian mythology , Ki was the chief consort of An , the sky god . In some legends Ki and An were brother and sister , being the offspring of Anshar ( `` Sky Pivot '' ) and Kishar ( `` Earth Pivot '' ) , earlier personifications of heaven and earth . By her consort Anu , Ki gave birth to the Anunnaki , the most prominent of these deities being Enlil , god of the air . According to legends , heaven and earth were once inseparable until Enlil was born ; Enlil cleaved heaven and earth in two . An carried away heaven . Ki , in company with Enlil , took the earth . Some authorities question whether Ki was regarded as a deity since there is no evidence of a cult and the name appears only in a limited number of Sumerian creation texts . Samuel Noah Kramer identifies Ki with the Sumerian mother goddess Ninhursag and claims that they were originally the same figure . She later developed into the Babylonian and Akkadian goddess Antu , consort of the god Anu ( from Sumerian An ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2176b9c1af06dc1b425b5b8efbb053f0", "text": "The Kiesha'ra Series The Kiesha ` ra Series is a set of five fantasy novels written by the young adult author , Amelia Atwater-Rhodes , which focus on several races of shapeshifters , including the avians ( bird people ) , the serpiente ( snake people ) , and the shm ` Ahnmik ( falcon people ) . The series title , which is in a language from the series called ha'Shmla , translates as `` Children of Kiesha . '' Kiesha is the first cobra serpiente , from whom the royal line of the Cobriana descends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "849e25d2356ea8de6182ae45574185ed", "text": "Laura, Marshall Islands Laura ( Marshallese : Ļora , -LSB- hewewrhahah -RSB- ) is an island town situated in Marshall Islands . It is located in the west of Majuro Atoll . At approximately 10 feet above sea level , Laura has the highest elevation of any islands in the Majuro Atoll . Marshall Islands International Airport is located on the island of Laura . A road connects the island of Laura to Djarrit . The town was named by World War II GIs in reference to American actress Lauren Bacall . Djarrit , also known as Rita , was named in the same period for actress Rita Hayworth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feb5a950e41d937a608cb6cd9b95763c", "text": "Kibingor Kibingor is a settlement in Kenya 's Rift Valley Province .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca07693e6f95d7376e69983a4b7c00f7", "text": "Yara (given name) Yara is a given name with Arabic , Persian and Brazilian origin , the anglicized spelling of a number of ( unrelated ) given names . Brazilian Portuguese Iara , a river spirit in Tupí and Guarani mythology Persian - found its way in Turkish and Arabic Yārā يارا ( Persian يارا `` strength , courage '' ) Biblical Yaʿrah in the Masoretic text of 1 Chronicles 9:42 is a variant of יַעֲרָה yaʿărâh `` forested '' , used as a masculine given name of a descendant of Saul ( son of Micah , great grandson of Mephibosheth ) . In the 1990s , Yara ( without identifiable etymology or ethnic connection ) began to become popular as a girl 's name in Western countries . Notable people with the name include : Yara ( singer ) ( born 1983 ) , Lebanese singer Yara Amaral ( 1936 -- 1988 ) , Brazilian actress Yara Ahmed Baraka ( born 1998 ) , Egyptian gymnast Yara Bernette ( 1920 -- 2002 ) , Brazilian classical pianist Yara Cortes ( 1921 -- 2002 ) , Brazilian actress Yara Gambirasio ( 1997 -- 2010 ) , Italian murder victim Yara Goubran ( born 1982 ) , Egyptian actress Yara Greyjoy , character in the Song of Ice and Fire books by George R.R. Martin Yara Kastelijn ( born 1997 ) , Dutch racing cyclist Yara van Kerkhof ( born 1990 ) , Dutch skater Yara Lasanta ( born 1986 ) , Puerto Rican model Yara Martinez ( born 1979 ) , American actress Yara Naoum ( born 1987 ) , Egyptian beauty queen Yara Sallam ( born 1985 ) , Egyptian human-rights activist Yara dos Santos ( born 1979 ) , Cape Verdean writer Yara Shahidi ( born 2000 ) , Iranian-American actress Yara Silva ( born 1964 ) , Brazilian footballer Yara Sofia ( born 1984 ) , Puerto Rican entertainer Yara Tupinambá ( born 1932 ) , Brazilian artist Yara Yavelberg ( 1943 -- 1971 ) , Brazilian psychologist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b518a230a5e09029ecbb327878fd288e", "text": "Kilauea, Hawaii Kilauea is a small town on the northeastern shore of Kauai , one of the eight islands that make up the state of Hawaii . According to the Hawaii State Info website , 2,248 people reside in Kilauea , which is 1.5 square miles . The town is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Kauai County , Hawaii , United States . Kīlauea shares the name of the active volcano , Mt. Kilauea . The name literally translates to `` spewing '' or ' `` much spreading '' in Hawaiian . Kilauea was once nicknamed the `` Guava Capital of the World '' because it was home to the Guava Kai Plantation , the largest guava plantation in the world . The Guava Kai Plantation closed in late 2006/early 2007 . The town of Kilauea is located west of the Moloaa area which includes Moloaa Forest Reserve and 6.5 miles from Moloaa Bay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "750082170af4e607c72dabdfe8097b83", "text": "Angustha purusha The Katha Upanishad ( 1.12-13 ) mentions aa puruṣa ( man , being ) of the size of the thumb ( aṅgúṣṭha ) enshrined in the interiors of the heart ( hridaye guhaayaam `` cave of the heart '' ) of a human being . `` The purusha , who is of the size of a thumb , resides in the body . The purusha who is the size of a thumb is a light ( jyoti ) without smoke . '' Certain other Upanishads describe the purusha to be of a golden ( hiranmaya ) hue and the purursha as a golden being ( hiranmaya purusha ) . The purusha is seated inside the cave of the human heart . As per Hindu religious beliefs , the heart is identified as the abode of divinity within the body . In Gita , Lord Krishna enunciated that he stays within heart of each human being . This `` being '' dwelling inside the heart has been equated with the ` jiva ' or the ` self ' which carries the consciousness and a meta-physical body ( prakriti ) , also termed as the karana sharira . The karana sharira has most transcendental existence and accumulates the experiences of the physical , earthly life . This ` jiva ' is a spark of divinity , and its place in the body is the heart region . ( Heart means not the physical heart But the spiritual heart or the heart chakra . ) As per Sri Aurobindo , the angustha purusha is made up of elements of chaitya ( chetna ) , i.e. the angustha purusha is a being existing at the psychic ( Chetas ) sphere . Sri Aurobindo mentions that behind the ordinary chakra of the human heart region , inside a deep cave nihite guhayam as described by the Upanishads , is the center where a divine spark is present . This thumb-sized purusha is the bird in the twin-bird analogy of the Rigveda and Sankhya ( dvau suparna sayuja sakhaya ) which actually gets involved in the prakriti and suffers and/or enjoys the fruits of its Karma . As per Upanishads , the hiranmaya angustha purusha embodies the karana sharira . This hiranmaya angustha purusha is the vehicle of transmigration of soul among births . The visualizations regarding the size of the ` self ' has been of great significance in the Upansihads . The Brhadaranyaka Upanishad in V. 5.6.1 and the Chandogya Upanishad in V. 3.14.3 maintain the size of the self to be equal to a seed . The Shatapata Brahmana , V. 10.6.3 , mentions that the self : ... in the interior of my heart , is as tiny like a rice or barley or millet seed and golden like a smokeless light ( or flame ) . The angustha purusha is indestructible and resplendent and is contra-distinct from the purusha of the Purusha sukta . The angustha purusha is individualistic jivaatma while the primeval purursha of the purusha sukta is the collective paramatma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c9023863ce0a27f98d9281393ec6011", "text": "Karirau Karirau is a settlement in Kenya 's Central Province .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edaafbd2d99e456ffad4b9db7809eb41", "text": "Ballia, Siwan Ballia is a village in Siwan district of Bihar state in northern India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12d3ba432ae9d91d2cb411d609f68171", "text": "Shathra Shathra is a Spider-Man villain and a character in the Marvel Comics universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc6774895c4c5ab9accecc4ac2b5adae", "text": "Kapadia Kapadia is a surname common in India and Pakistan . The name literally translates into `` fabric maker '' . Traditionally , it included people involved in the textiles industry . Notable people with the surname Kapadia include :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "021ee510990e696c234f5fe9a12a853a", "text": "Ki (cuneiform) The cuneiform ki sign , is a multi-use sign used in the Epic of Gilgamesh , the Amarna letters and numerous texts . It also has a sumerogram usage ( capital letter ( majuscule ) ) . Cuneiform ki is used for syllabic `` ki '' , and also for alphabetic `` k '' , and alphabetic i . It has additional consonant usage for `` q '' , instead of `` k '' , and also `` e '' , '' é '' , and '' í '' for vowel `` i '' . Its usage numbers from the Epic of Gilgamesh are as follows : ke - ( 9 ) , ki - ( 291 ) , qé - ( 18 ) , qí - ( 62 ) , and KI - ( 288 ) . For sumerogram KI , KI becomes Akkadian language itti , for English language `` with '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
cbb33e7d5f9271d14296f7c1d87c2c0c	Stanley Tucci stars in Transformers: The Last Knight.	[ { "docid": "f6e0cd0690836bb4974bf40fc8100854", "text": "Transformers: The Last Knight Transformers : The Last Knight is an upcoming American science fiction action film based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . It is the fifth installment of the live-action Transformers film series and a direct sequel to 2014 's Transformers : Age of Extinction . The film was directed by Michael Bay , with Mark Wahlberg and Stanley Tucci reprising their roles from Age of Extinction alongside Josh Duhamel , Tyrese Gibson , and John Turturro from the first three movies . Bay has stated this film marks his final picture in the franchise . The film is set to be released on June 21 , 2017 by Paramount Pictures in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5c54869cb3b7833cfbc2cff693fef8bd", "text": "Vic Mignogna Victor Joseph Mignogna ( -LSB- mɪnˈjɑːnə -RSB- ) is an American actor and musician known for his prolific voice-over work in the English dubs of Japanese anime shows , the most notable being Edward Elric from the Fullmetal Alchemist series , for which he earned the American Anime Award for Best Actor in 2007 . Other notable anime roles include Broly from the Dragon Ball Z films , Tamaki Suoh in Ouran High School Host Club , Fai D. Flowright in Tsubasa : Reservoir Chronicle , Dark Mousy in D.N.Angel , Kurz Weber in the Full Metal Panic ! series , Yoshimori Sumimura in Kekkaishi , Zero and Ichiru Kiryu in the Vampire Knight series , Christopher Aonuma in Digimon Fusion , Nagato in Naruto Shippuden , Ikkaku Madarame in Bleach and Koubun Ka in Magi : The Labyrinth of Magic . In video games , he is the voice of E-123 Omega in the Sonic the Hedgehog series and Junpei Iori from Shin Megami Tensei : Persona 3 . He was involved in music production in the Houston area . In live-action work , he has participated in several Star Trek fan productions , including Star Trek Continues where he plays Captain Kirk . He also voices Qrow Branwen in the American web series RWBY .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51ef683ea049df764870b3e794fb048f", "text": "Tow-Line Tow-Line is the name of two fictional characters in the various Transformers universes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91b5f73aa113859dd59dae084dd2bf09", "text": "Aaron Archer Aaron C. Archer ( born 1972 in Canton , Ohio ) is an illustrator and creative professional who spent over 18 years at Hasbro , designing for toy brands like Transformers , G.I. Joe , and others . Aaron worked on the Transformers brand for over 13 years , collaborating with Takara on hundreds of toys . Aaron acted as the Creative Lead for all Transformers partnerships including four feature films , four video games , five animated series , theme park rides , and countless publishing projects . In 2013 Aaron retired from Hasbro in order to pursue independent projects . Archer has worked on other Hasbro/Kenner toy lines including various Batman lines , Star Wars , and Alien : Resurrection , amongst others . Archer 's earliest Transformers work were designs for the later Beast Wars toys , including Transmetal 2 Megatron , Dinobot , and Cheetor . Archer was the Design VP on the Transformers brand , a role that essentially made him the highest-ranking creative Transformers staffer on the Hasbro side of the business ( Transformers are produced in partnership with Takara ) . Archer managed a design team that is responsible for concept design , both for larger storyline concepts ( Archer claims the idea for the show Transformers : Cybertron was initially created on a Taco Bell napkin over lunch ) and for the look of individual characters , while Takara 's engineers are responsible for converting Hasbro designs into three-dimensional action figure form . Takara also has say in design choices . Archer is also well known in the Transformers fandom for his brief stint posting on the TFW2005 boards under the assumed name `` Orson '' ( a reference to Orson Welles , voice of Unicron ) . Archer responded to fan questions in an unusually cryptic style , answering either-or type questions with a straightforward `` NO '' and only answering specific parts of multi-part questions ( most likely due to non-disclosure issues ) . The `` Orson 's World '' message board was eventually shut down by Hasbro and issued a statement that they wanted to treat all fansites fairly . Prior to working for Hasbro , Archer self-published a comic book , Gumbo , with Jeff McCormack . Both attended the University of Akron , in Akron , Ohio . Some homages to Aaron include the Transformers movie toy Longarm having `` Orson 's Towing '' on the door , the early name for Universe Skalor being listed as `` Archerbot '' , and the Transformers : Animated character `` Angry Archer '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b680aa4e97a38dc1c06bbe9bba5c3fb4", "text": "Lastikman (2003 film) Lastikman is a Philippine superhero film released on January 1 , 2003 under Octoarts Films , starring Vic Sotto and Donita Rose .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a8ac29dbe3493865f6858c131466b25", "text": "Calling All Police Cars Calling All Police Cars ( ... a tutte le auto della polizia , literally '' ... To All the Police Cars '' ) is a 1975 Italian giallo/poliziottesco film . It stars Antonio Sabàto and Enrico Maria Salerno .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38e1d5d8b414a261674656d24c3dfae6", "text": "Angelo Fierro Angelo Fierro is an American film and television actor . Fierro , an Italian-American of Sicilian ancestry , was born in Boston 's Little Italy , the North End . He first appeared on network television in an automobile commercial for Toyota . Extolled for his menacing looks , his portrayal of the villain has since been quite frequent . Surprisingly adept at comedy , he also has appeared at Stand Up New York comedy club . He starred on the TV series Breaking Vegas as the real-life counterfeiter , Louis Colavecchio , and had a recurring role as the Russian mobster , Vladimir , on the TV series Ocean Ave. , starring Victoria Jackson and Megan Fox . He also appeared in the movies Señorita Justice as Carlos Rios , with Eva Longoria and Final Engagement as gangster John Knight , with Peter Greene . He has made guest appearances on TV shows such as the Michael Jackson Trial and Untold Stories of the ER , and is well known for his Tony Soprano parody in an Andalusia Olive Oil commercial , with the tag line : `` Are you wearing a wire ? '' Fierro studied acting at Florida Atlantic University , where he graduated with degrees in marketing and international business , having started theater too late to pursue a Bachelor of Fine Arts . He continues to follow an acting career in New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c89bb83ccb2ffdfdc64bf83d3ebe5226", "text": "The Last Time I Saw Paris For the 1942 book , see Elliot Paul . The Last Time I Saw Paris is a 1954 romantic drama made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It is loosely based on F. Scott Fitzgerald 's short story `` Babylon Revisited . '' It was directed by Richard Brooks , produced by Jack Cummings and filmed on locations in Paris and the MGM backlot . The screenplay was by Julius J. Epstein , Philip G. Epstein and Richard Brooks . The film starred Elizabeth Taylor and Van Johnson in his last role for MGM , with Walter Pidgeon , Donna Reed , Eva Gabor , Kurt Kasznar , George Dolenz , Sandy Descher , Odette , and ( a then-unknown ) Roger Moore in his Hollywood debut . The film 's title song , by composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II , was already a classic when the movie was made and inspired the movie 's title . Though the song had already won an Oscar after its film debut in 1941 's Lady Be Good , it is featured much more prominently in The Last Time I Saw Paris . It can be heard in many scenes , either being sung by Odette or being played as an instrumental . The film was released in 1954 ; however , there was an error with the Roman numerals in the copyright notice showing `` MCMXLIV '' ( 1944 ) , meaning the term of copyright started 10 years before the film was released . Thus , the normal 28-year copyright term ended just 18 years after the film was released , and MGM neglected to renew it presumably because they believed there was still 10 years left in the term . The film entered the public domain in the United States in 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ca9a037e3440c74d8c1aa800b03edb", "text": "Lorenzo di Bonaventura Lorenzo di Bonaventura ( -LSB- loˈrɛntso di bɔ nɑ vɛnˈtu rɑ -RSB- ; born November 29 , 1957 ) is an American film producer and founder of his company Di Bonaventura Pictures . He is best known for producing the Transformers film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b91773ee1a049d5aca4ecb07a029d264", "text": "Steve Jablonsky Steve Jablonsky ( born October 9 , 1970 ) is an American composer for film , television and video games , best known for his musical scores in the Transformers film series . Some of his frequent collaboration partners include film directors Michael Bay and Peter Berg , and fellow composer Hans Zimmer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45e9fa6eab00c5a68f42b4988adea9c6", "text": "The Saint (film) The Saint is a 1997 espionage thriller DeLuxe Color film in Panavision , starring Val Kilmer in the title role , with Elisabeth Shue and Rade Šerbedžija , directed by Phillip Noyce and written by Jonathan Hensleigh and Wesley Strick . The title character is a high tech thief and master of disguise that becomes the anti-hero while using the moniker of various saints while paradoxically living in the underworld of international industrial theft . The film was a financial success with a worldwide box office of $ 169.4 million , rentals of $ 28.2 million , and continuous DVD sales . It is loosely based on the character of Simon Templar created by Leslie Charteris in 1928 for a series of books published as `` The Saint '' , which ran until 1983 . The Saint character has also featured in a series of Hollywood movies made between 1938 and 1954 , a 1940s radio series starring Vincent Price ( and others ) as Templar , a popular British television series of the 1960s which starred Roger Moore , and a 1970s series starring Ian Ogilvy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e1eb519f83e42b10ad55efdda469d9", "text": "The Transformers (1986 video game) The Transformers is a platform shoot 'em up game based on the Transformers franchise . It was written by Denton Designs and released by Ocean Software for the Sinclair Spectrum and Commodore 64 home computers in 1986", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825297ca76bdb0b6f8a628e491b4451d", "text": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2010 The 20th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 29 , 2010 . The nominees were announced on October 18 , 2010 . The ceremony was hosted by Patricia Clarkson and Stanley Tucci .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a961fc7f675d71443bb2e67cbfa2564f", "text": "James Tont operazione U.N.O. James Tont operazione U.N.O. or Operation Goldsinger is a 1965 Italian spy film spoof based on James Bond directed by Bruno Corbucci . It was followed by James Tont operazione D.U.E. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac9b47f5bae389633a818d3a790276b", "text": "The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos . Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker . A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541e153fb72c381617771b6f4264e31", "text": "Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures . Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río . Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . ) The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 . The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner . While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) . Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum . The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a157ce4ff4cc117b2878270518a395eb", "text": "Someone to Love (film) Someone to Love , directed by Henry Jaglom , is a film made in 1987 . It was Orson Welles ' final live action film appearance , released after his death but produced before his voice-over in The Transformers : The Movie . The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20e05902ce2f2de46d2e6c0131e45c0f", "text": "Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards . Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2adca8fba104b84331380ce9766449b3	The Playboy Club's cast includes Amber Heard.	[ { "docid": "1d55fae515a1391e04b8764ea604ee1a", "text": "The Playboy Club The Playboy Club is an American historical crime drama television series that aired on NBC from September 19 to October 3 , 2011 . Set in 1961 , the series centers on the employees ( known as Bunnies ) of the original Playboy Club operating in Chicago . The Playboy Club stars Eddie Cibrian , Laura Benanti , Amber Heard , Jenna Dewan Tatum , Naturi Naughton , Leah Renee , Wes Ramsey , Jenifer Lewis , and David Krumholtz . The Playboy Club was canceled on October 4 , 2011 , after three episodes aired , due to its low ratings . It was the first cancellation of the 2011 -- 12 television season . NBC continued to film the series until October 10 , 2011 , hoping to sell the series to another network . Both Playboy magnate Hugh Hefner and show creator Chad Hodge have expressed hope that the series will be picked up by Bravo . When production wrapped on October 10 , 2011 , Hodge and Laura Benanti both confirmed that they had finished seven episodes , including the pilot . Benanti further stated that the seventh episode has two endings , one of which is more final to the series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3eb06b577be904c25e50a96741976602", "text": "Monique Alexander Monique Alexander ( born May 26 , 1982 ) is an American pornographic actress , nude model , and 2017 AVN Hall of Fame inductee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0872765adda63ef8cb9930b68fcb4b9", "text": "Marissa Cooper Marissa Cooper is a fictional character on the FOX television series The O.C. , portrayed by Mischa Barton . Marissa was among the original `` core four '' characters on The O.C. . She is a privileged California native born into a wealthy family , residing next to the Cohen family 's house . Throughout The O.C. 's storyline , Marissa is introduced to new characters who influence her perspective on life and her personality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e41e0d688364b5ee6d51b0cd3b95e4b4", "text": "Amber Renae Amber Renae is an Australian fashion stylist , designer , television personality and model . She is widely known for her appearance on Arena TV 's Project Runway Australia . Renae has guest-starred on numerous shows , including Mornings with Kerri-Anne and the Dave and Kim Show ; she is now a regular television presenter with Fashion TV . Renae is currently a fashion stylist in her native Australia , working with celebrities , fashion houses , beauty firms , advertising agencies , and magazine editors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "025b004aacf185183726e3c82104f469", "text": "Renee Tenison Reneé Tenison ( born December 2 , 1968 ) is an American model , actress , and the first African-American selected to be the Playboy Playmate of the Year ( 1990 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9a3a575e1d685c0b7f2435c7409b1c", "text": "Glamourcon Glamourcon is a fan convention that takes place twice a year , once in Chicago and once in Los Angeles , that centers upon glamour models and glamour photography , with its guests typically being Playboy Playmates , Penthouse Pets , Hustler Honeys , Perfect 10 Models , soft core Pornographic Actresses and other pin-up models . A portmanteau of the phrase `` Glamour Convention '' , it was founded by entrepreneur Robert Schulz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d71bd5acf09151f8f77f7262637af25", "text": "Cara Zavaleta Cara Zavaleta ( born June 15 , 1980 in Bowling Green , Ohio ) is an American model and actress , known for her appearances on the MTV reality series Road Rules : South Pacific , and as the November 2004 Playboy Playmate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb62a633721cfc8699b1ffa481a09bc", "text": "Arden Myrin Arden VanAmringe Myrin ( -LSB- məˈriːn -RSB- ) is an American actress and comedian . Arden became a new cast member on Showtime 's Shameless Season 7 , and recently appeared in the world premiere of Steve Martin 's new play Meteor Shower at the Long Wharf Theatre . Her television credits include Orange Is the New Black , Hung , Key & Peele , Inside Amy Schumer , W / Bob and David , Psych , Bones , Fresh Off The Boat , Suburgatory , 2 Broke Girls , Reno 911 ! , and Gilmore Girls among others . Arden will be seen next in the feature film Extracurricular Activities . Myrin has appeared in many films , including the Sundance Films Bachelorette , and Wrong Cops and Wrong both made by Mr. Oizo , as well as Kinsey , Morning Glory , and others . Arden 's theater credits include Robert O'Hara 's Barbecue at The Public Theater in New York City , as well as the premiere of John Ross Bowie 's play about The Ramones Four Chords and A Gun at the Bootleg Theater in Los Angeles . Arden was in the original New York City production of David Mamet 's Boston Marriage at the Public Theater , and appeared in Hay Fever directed by Darko Tresnjak at the Westport Country Playhouse . As a comedian Arden tours across the country and co-hosts a comedy show Tinkle Twins at Meltdown Comics with Dana Gould . Arden appeared on Chelsea Lately over 100 times , and is a regular panelist on @midnight . She was cast member of MadTV for the final four seasons along with Keegan-Michael Key , Jordan Peele , Ike Barinholtz , and Bobby Lee . She has appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brian , The Howard Stern Show , WTF with Marc Maron , and RuPaul 's Drag Race . Arden is also the host of the Nerdist podcast Will You Accept This Rose ? about The Bachelor/The Bachelorette franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3afd3b0777fc20fb878c4474b0aa8a2", "text": "Danica Dillon Ashley Stamm-Northup ( born January 4 , 1987 ) better known by her stage name Danica Dillon is an American pornographic actress who debuted in 2009 and then went on to appear in mainstream ( non-adult ) roles in cable television movies . Dillon is also a featured dancer at men 's clubs and is a featured guest on radio and podcast shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "272f6787ed909a154ce29590d1693a93", "text": "Playboy Club The Playboy Club was initially a chain of nightclubs and resorts owned and operated by Playboy Enterprises . The first club opened at 116 E. Walton Street in downtown Chicago , Illinois , United States , on February 29 , 1960 . Each club generally featured a Living Room , a Playmate Bar , a Dining Room , and a Club Room . Members and their guests were served food and drinks by Playboy Bunnies , some of whom were featured in Playboy magazine . The clubs offered name entertainers and comedians in the Club Rooms , and local musicians and the occasional close-up magician in the Living Rooms . Starting with the London and Jamaica club locations , the Playboy Club became international in scope . In 1991 , the club chain became defunct . On October 6 , 2006 a new club was opened in Las Vegas , and in 2010 new clubs were opened as well in Macao and Cancun . In time the Las Vegas club closed on June 4 , 2012 , the Macao club closed in 2013 and the Cancun club closed in 2014 . In May 2014 the Commerce Casino in Los Angeles opened a Playboy themed lounge consisting of gaming tables and Playboy Bunny cocktail waitresses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e8783403278ac59f4d58fc415209476", "text": "Club (magazine) Club is a monthly American pornographic magazine which is a spin-off publication of the United Kingdom 's Club International . Club features sexually oriented articles , video reviews , and pictorials that include hardcore pornography , masturbation , dildo usage , and lesbianism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47f445d89c26aadc80e7e10b843e8659", "text": "Amber Beattie Amber Louisa Oatley Beattie ( born 22 July 1993 ) is an English actress and singer , mainly known for her roles as Lulu Baker in Jinx ( 2009 ) and as Gretel in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas ( 2008 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82216661558cbb40c3aa78dacf33683c", "text": "Hugh Hefner Hugh Marston Hefner ( born April 9 , 1926 ) is an American men 's lifestyle magazine publisher , businessman , and a well-known playboy . Hefner is a native of Chicago , Illinois and a former journalist for Esquire . He is best known for being the founder and chief creative officer of Playboy Enterprises . A self-made multi-millionaire , his net worth is over $ 43 million due to his success as the founder of Playboy magazine . Hefner is also a political activist and philanthropist active in several causes and public issues . He is a World War II veteran .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94e9769cec0ec823a372682649f8fe5f", "text": "Alicia Burley Alicia Burley ( born February 22 , 1978 , Lowell , Massachusetts , United States ) , is an American model . She was Playboy 's Cyber Girl of the Month for June 2003 , and Cyber Girl of the Year for 2004 . Alicia stands 5 ' 4 '' . She measured 34D-23-33 and weighed 110 pounds when she was chosen as Playboy 's Cyber Girl for the second week of February 2003 . She later was promoted to Cyber Girl of the Month for June 2003 , and eventually attained the title of 2004 Cyber Girl of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c240925fb5282b073aeb4734d174905", "text": "Claire Foy Claire Foy ( born 16 April 1984 ) is an English actress . She studied drama and screen studies at Liverpool John Moores University and trained at the Oxford School of Drama , where she appeared in four plays , including Watership Down . She made her screen debut in the pilot episode of Being Human ( 2008 ) and in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors ( 2008 ) . Following her professional stage debut at the Royal National Theatre , she played the title role in the BBC One production of Little Dorrit , ( 2008 ) , and made her film debut as Anna in Season of the Witch ( 2011 ) . She had main roles as Erin Matthews in the Channel 4 series The Promise ( 2011 ) and several other television films and miniseries , including as Kate Balfour in the NBC series Crossbones ( 2014 ) . She received unanimous praise for her performance as Anne Boleyn in BBC2 's Wolf Hall ( 2015 ) , for which she was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress and the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Since 2016 , she has portrayed the young Queen Elizabeth II on the Netflix series The Crown , a role for which she has received critical acclaim and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series , and was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66677b1f7fa9f5b2c87c19f0acad9000", "text": "Playboy After Dark Playboy After Dark is an American television show hosted by Hugh Hefner . It aired in syndication through Screen Gems from 1969 to 1970 and was taped at CBS Television City in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2373357ef0c39bf06e0a853b668b0c9", "text": "Patti Reynolds Patti Reynolds ( born May 28 , 1948 in Chicago , Illinois ) is an American model and actress who was Playboy magazine 's Playmate of the Month for its September 1965 issue ( at the age of 17 ) . Her centerfold was photographed by Stan Malinowski . She also appears in a photograph on page 56 dated 1960 ( along with Ashlyn Martin and two other bunnies ) in The Bunny Years by Kathryn Leigh Scott , for which she also wrote a short bio of herself . In January 1966 Patti was subpoenaed by a Federal grand jury investigating the crime syndicate in Chicago . Also subpoenaed were reputed underworld figures Fiori ( Fifi ) Buccieri , 59 , and Charles ( Chuckie ) English , 52 . Reynolds was identified by Federal authorities as an intimate friend of Frank ( the Horse ) Buccieri , 52 , the brother of Fiori .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed22f600625bc3087458232163898b6", "text": "Amber Marshall Amber Marshall ( born June 2 , 1988 ) is a Canadian actress , singer and equestrian best known for playing Amy Fleming on the CBC series Heartland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a9939f938f2f455e155a7e9efe975dd", "text": "Aspen Miller Aspen Vincent ( née Aspen Miller ) is an American Broadway actress , voice actress and pop singer . She played the role of Dodie Bishop in Nickelodeon 's Emmy-nominated As Told by Ginger , she also performed the role of Baby Alice in the Rugrats episode ` Hurricane Alice ' , was the voice of Amanda Payne in the pilot for Constant Payne , and has done voice-over work for several CD-ROM games including three different characters for Everquest II . Vincent sang the National Anthem for the L.A. Lakers , the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim , and the San Diego Chargers and performed in an a cappella group called Groove 66 at Disney California Adventure Park . Early in her professional career she was a regular in the recording studio , recording jingles and commercials , as well as providing singing voices for Disney characters for their touring productions . Aspen spent 2004-2005 in Las Vegas , performing nightly at the Paris Las Vegas as the female lead `` Scaramouche '' in the rock musical We Will Rock You , where she met her future husband , Tony Vincent , a singer and stage actor . From October 2006 through October 2007 , she toured with Meat Loaf as his duet partner and backup vocalist on his `` Seize the Night tour '' , singing such hits as `` I 'd Do Anything for Love '' and `` Paradise by the Dashboard Light '' . She performed with him at the John Labatt Center , London , Ontario for the `` 3 Bats Live '' concert DVD , and is featured on the documentary DVD `` In Search of Paradise '' . Aspen also toured with the cast of Dirty Dancing in America with her husband Tony . Aspen was a swing in the Broadway production of American Idiot , a show featuring songs of the popular band Green Day . Aspen gave birth to her and Tony 's daughter , Sadie Day , on April 3 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "566db7d28eec2d86d494e338906704d9", "text": "The Hollywood Vampires The Hollywood Vampires was a celebrity drinking club formed by Alice Cooper in the 1970s . The hazing to get into the club was to outdrink all the members . According to Cooper in the documentary Prime Cuts : `` The Speakeasy and Tramps were the place to be in London . There was a little loft at the Rainbow Bar and Grill in LA ( W. Hollywood ) , they only had that for the club . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
a1a80bd4b7fc341878c8b8afbd04dfd8	Larry Buttrose wrote Sweet Sentence.	[ { "docid": "006e153e1940267ef00a1315a8afacef", "text": "Larry Buttrose Larry Philip Buttrose ( born 16 December 1952 ) is an Australian writer , journalist and academic . He is the ghostwriter of the Saroo Brierley memoir A Long Way Home ( adapted for the screen as the major international feature film Lion ) . He is also the author of the novels The Maze of the Muse and Sweet Sentence , and the travel books The King Neptune Day & Night Club , and Cafe Royale ( also published as The Blue Man ) . For the stage he co-wrote the hit musical Hot Shoe Shuffle , as well Kurtz , his stage adaptation of Heart of Darkness , and a stage adaptation of Don Quixote . For the screen he co-wrote the feature Gino and the feature documentary Movietone Memories , and is currently working on the screenplay for Hicks , about the life of Australian inmate in Guantanamo , David Hicks . He teaches Screenwriting at New York University 's Sydney campus at The Rocks .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d72fca8255b0f3269ca7295e15e820b8", "text": "Save Your Heart for Me `` Save Your Heart for Me '' is a song written by Gary Geld and Peter Udell . The song was originally written for and recorded by singer Brian Hyland in 1963 . Although not released as a single in its own right , it was included as the B-side to Hyland 's song , `` I 'm Afraid to Go Home , '' and later appeared on Hyland 's 1994 greatest hits album . `` Save Your Heart for Me '' is most well known by a version recorded in 1965 by American pop group Gary Lewis & the Playboys and appears on the group 's 1965 album A Session with Gary Lewis and the Playboys . Lewis and his band released their version as a single in June 1965 , and it peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart the week of August 21 , 1965 . It was kept from the top of the chart by Sonny and Cher 's hit , `` I Got You Babe . '' However , it went to number one on the Billboard easy listening chart for three weeks in August 1965 . The song was covered by Livingston Taylor in 1993 on his album `` Good Friends . '' Lewis credited the success of the record to both producer Snuff Garrett and to the short length of the song . Since it was less than two minutes duration , Lewis has stated that '' ( I ) t was played everywhere . Deejays loved it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5169b63bf65737d4fbf8f7cdc4b98f27", "text": "Steven Sweet Steven Sweet ( born `` Steven Chamberlin '' on October 29 , 1965 in Wadsworth , Ohio , United States ) is a Los Angeles-based drummer who is most famous for being a member of Warrant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a222afd577c9fe9647007f3c665c858", "text": "Sweet Surrender (John Denver song) `` Sweet Surrender '' is the title of a popular song by the American singer-songwriter John Denver . It was originally recorded for his 1974 album Back Home Again , but was chosen as the lead single from the concert album An Evening with John Denver . `` Sweet Surrender '' reached # 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in February 1975 , remaining in the Top 40 for eight weeks . It also rose to # 1 on the adult contemporary chart , Denver 's fourth song to reach the top on this survey ( following `` Sunshine on My Shoulders '' , `` Annie 's Song '' and `` Back Home Again '' ) . Following a theme common to many of Denver 's songs , the lyrics to `` Sweet Surrender '' deal with a journey of self-exploration tied to themes of nature and environment . The single version of `` Sweet Surrender '' has yet to appear on any compact disc or digital reissue , characterized by its lack of applause over the introduction . `` Sweet Surrender '' was the opening theme song of the 1974 Walt Disney movie The Bears and I . It was covered by the pop/folk band `` The Seekers '' and appeared on the Australian release of their 1975 self-titled album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2be345ef6c53f43c55c2e70d72d409f1", "text": "The Sweet Escape (song) `` The Sweet Escape '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her second studio album of the same name ( 2006 ) . It was written by Stefani , Akon , and Giorgio Tuinfort . Akon , who is also a featured artist , developed the song 's beat before collaborating with Stefani . He designed it based on her previous work with No Doubt , and Stefani later commented that it put her `` on the yellow brick road to the No Doubt record I might do '' . `` The Sweet Escape '' is an apology for a fight between two lovers and describes a dream of a pleasant life for them . As the album 's title track , its title was chosen to help market Stefani 's music and fashion lines . The song received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics , though there was a negative response to Akon 's presence as a featured artist . `` The Sweet Escape '' was released as the album 's second single on December 19 , 2006 and was commercially successful in mainstream and adult contemporary markets . It reached the top 10 of most singles charts and topped the New Zealand Singles Chart . The song was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 50th Grammy Awards . In the song 's accompanying music video , Stefani attempts to escape from a golden prison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b30b68fbed6efbf529f0f42cb6493182", "text": "Street Language Street Language is the title of the fourth studio album released by American country music artist Rodney Crowell . It was released in 1986 ( see 1986 in country music ) by Columbia Records , his first release on that label . It peaked at # 38 on the Top Country Albums chart . The songs , `` Let Freedom Ring '' , `` When I 'm Free Again '' , `` She Loves the Jerk '' and `` Looking for You '' were released as singles but they all failed to chart within the top 20 . This album was co-produced by R & B artist Booker T. Jones and features a blend of Soul and country music . The song `` Looking for You '' was co-written with Crowell 's then wife , Rosanne Cash . `` She Loves the Jerk '' was written and first recorded by John Hiatt in 1983 and was included on his album , Riding with the King . It would later be covered by Elvis Costello .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f93cc712f3136cf0d01990e77446611b", "text": "Golden Throats Golden Throats is Rhino Records ' series of humorous compilations of critically lambasted cover versions of songs , performed mostly either by celebrities known for something other than musical talent or musicians not known for the genre from which the song they are covering comes . For example , William Shatner sings ( or , more precisely , does a dramatic reading of the lyrics to ) `` Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds , '' Leonard Nimoy sings `` If I Had a Hammer , '' and Muhammad Ali sings `` Stand by Me . '' Other examples include the Bing Crosby cover of the Beatles ' `` Hey Jude '' and the Mel Tormé cover of Donovan 's `` Sunshine Superman , '' as both were rock songs being covered by musicians of an older generation . In most cases , the songs appear to be performed sincerely , rather than in a spirit of irony or intentional goofiness . In many respects , these albums were among the first to anthologize lounge music , with their focus on `` light '' versions of contemporary hits . The series ( of four albums ) was created and produced by long-time Rhino staffer Gary Peterson and pop culture historian Pat Sierchio . Each release contained liner notes penned by acclaimed music historian Irwin Chusid , and most featured original art by Drew Friedman . The cover art parodied well-known albums ( Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , Their Satanic Majesties Request , Sweetheart Of The Rodeo , and the Beatles ' infamous `` butcher '' cover for Yesterday And Today ) . The notoriety of the series no doubt contributed to William Shatner 's decision to relaunch his musical career . There were a total of four albums in the series : They are : Golden Throats : The Great Celebrity Sing Off ( LP : 1988 ; CD : 1992 ) Golden Throats 2 : More Celebrity Rock Oddities ! ( 1991 ) Golden Throats 3 : Sweethearts of Rodeo Drive ( 1995 ) Golden Throats 4 : Celebrities Butcher the Beatles ( 1997 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36e7e0072a0f4a3e6ba10f496b393663", "text": "The Gospel According to Larry The Gospel According to Larry is a `` coming of age '' political , romantic teen novel by Janet Tashjian that explores anti-consumerism . The introduction of the book is written from a point of view that makes it seem as though Josh Swensen is real and Janet Tashjian is simply the one who edited and published it . This quality gives the book a non-fiction feel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b3ad3bec5555866c8bdd1f949d59c61", "text": "Heartburn (novel) Heartburn is an autobiographical novel based on Nora Ephron 's life story about her marriage to and divorce from Carl Bernstein , her second husband . Originally published in 1983 , the novel largely focuses on his affair with Margaret Jay , the daughter of former British Prime Minister James Callaghan . Ephron also wrote the screenplay for the film based on the novel starring Meryl Streep and Jack Nicholson . The novel is a vivid depiction of the breakdown of a marriage . Its strong autobiographical content provides insight into one of the `` power couples '' of the late 1970s . It is Nora Ephron 's first published novel but in it she mentions subjects that she would go on to feature in future work such as When Harry Met Sally and Julie & Julia . The narrator of the novel is Rachel Samstat , a food writer who is married to Mark Feldman , a political journalist . Rachel is a Jewish New Yorker who has moved to Washington , D.C. , to support her husband 's career . They have one son and Rachel is pregnant with their second child as the book begins . The book wittily describes the life of an upper middle class intellectual couple replete with neuroses -- Rachel is in group therapy , Mark agonizes over the mystifying disappearance of his socks . Threaded through the whole are recipes and anecdotes which drive the story along and humanize Samstat . In a New Yorker piece on novels that include recipes , Adam Gopnik writes , `` in Heartburn , the recipes serve both as a joke about what a food writer writing a novel would write and as a joke on novel-writing itself by someone who anticipates that she will not be treated as a ` real ' novelist . '' Rachel 's self-esteem takes a huge battering as Mark has an affair with Thelma Rice ( Margaret Jay ) and she takes her revenge by telling the Washington grapevine that Thelma has a venereal disease . The diamond engagement ring that is stolen from Rachel when she is at group therapy is pivotal to the plot . Remarkably she gets it back when the police catch the robber . The stone is loose in its setting and she takes it back to the `` family '' jeweler to get it fixed . Here she discovers that while she had been in the hospital giving birth , Mark had bought an expensive necklace for his lover Thelma . She sells the ring and the money enables her to go back to New York and start afresh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2816bb2c421d32a0fb6b769d5f934278", "text": "Sweet Things (Georgie Fame album) Sweet Things is the 1966 third album with the Blue Flames by Georgie Fame which reached No. 6 in the album Top Ten in the UK . Following this album his band The Blue Flames was replaced with The Tornados . The album , issued on the Columbia label ( SX 6043 ) , has been described as `` one of the finest British R&B albums of the mid - '60s . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e01fedfc26b696a42c86a8cbe7b4f09", "text": "Sweet Baby (Stanley Clarke and George Duke song) `` Sweet Baby '' is a song by American singers George Duke & Stanley Clarke . It was released on March 1981 as the first single on their collaboration album , Clarke/Duke Project . The single peaked at number 19 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in August 1981 . On the R&B chart , `` Sweet Baby '' reached number six . The song is also noteworthy for its use of the electric sitar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cad932cc676fa954f53f62853003d108", "text": "Larry Richardson Larry Richardson ( August 9 , 1927 - June 17 , 2007 ) was an American bluegrass and old time banjoist and guitarist from Galax , Virginia . He is known for his work with the Lonesome Pine Fiddlers , Bill Monroe and His Bluegrass Boys , and the Blue Ridge Boys . Larry Richardson began his bluegrass career with the Lonesome Pine Fiddlers alongside mandolin player Bobby Osborne of Osborne Brothers fame . These two musicians are credited for transforming the band from western swing to bluegrass music in 1949 . Larry and Bobby left the band after only a year and were replaced by Jimmy and Paul Williams . After Larry 's brief time with the Lonesome Pine Fiddlers , he joined Bill Monroe as a banjo player from 1950-1951 . He never made a recording as a `` Bluegrass Boy '' . Larry then went on to work for Carl and J.P. Sauceman who ran a bluegrass show on WREN ( AM ) . In 1956 , Larry was featured on a record that changed the way many people hear and play the banjo . `` American Banjo Scruggs Style '' which showcased the many banjo players who had adopted Earl Scruggs ' famous `` three finger roll '' style of picking . On the record , Richardson played a rousing and inventive version of `` Little Maggie '' that influenced any number of up-and-coming banjo players in the late 1950s . Soon after the release of this record , Larry relocated to Low Gap , North Carolina . From the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s Larry recorded with the Blue Ridge Boys who focused on a traditional bluegrass sound . In the latter 30 years of his life , Larry became an evangelist and spent the rest of his life preaching and singing bluegrass gospel . He lived in Lake Butler , Florida until he died of colon cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "852480173b9eee235fdbf3d41d996831", "text": "Love Will Save the Day `` Love Will Save the Day '' is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Whitney Houston from her second multi-platinum studio album Whitney ( 1987 ) . The single was released in July 1988 by Arista Records . `` Love Will Save the Day '' is the fastest-tempoed song on the album Whitney . Written by Toni C , produced by John `` Jellybean '' Benitez and featuring Roy Ayers , it is one of the uptempo numbers on the album that also includes `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' and `` So Emotional . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4fd2835298e39d9e66d92d5a7f1082b", "text": "Barry Manilow Live Barry Manilow Live is the fifth album by the singer-songwriter Barry Manilow . The album was released in 1977 , and it scored quadruple platinum . Manilow also was among 1977 Special Tony Award winners Lily Tomlin , Diana Ross , National Theatre For the Deaf and Equity Library Theatre honored with the award that year . He received it for Barry Manilow on Broadway , his 12-day stay at the Uris Theatre from December 21 , 1976 to January 2 , 1977 , where this live album was recorded . The album is known for giving the first commercial release to Manilow 's VSM ( `` Very Strange Medley '' ) . Before the performance Manilow refers to this as a medley of songs that he included in his act against the values of his `` artsy fartsy friends '' . It is a medley of commercial jingles Manilow was involved with , either as a writer or performer , before he became a chart star . The products/companies these promoted include Kentucky Fried Chicken , State Farm , Stridex , Band-Aid , Bowlene , Dr. Pepper , Pepsi and McDonald 's . When first released on compact disc , dialogue and all movements to `` Beautiful Music '' were omitted for it all to fit on one disc , however the 2006 compact disc re-release restores all dialogue and songs , in addition to reordering the track listing to accommodate for the added bonus tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f567e3501bfaeff740084aed40787eb0", "text": "Sweet Nothin's Sweet Nothin 's is a 1959 song by Brenda Lee written by Ronnie Self . It peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 12 on the Hot R&B Sides chart , in 1960 . The song ( as Sweet Nuthin 's ) also charted on the UK Singles Chart in 1960 , peaking at No. 4 , marking Lee 's first appearance on the UK chart . Lee 's voice from `` Sweet Nothin 's '' was sampled in Kanye West 's song `` Bound 2 '' on his 2013 album Yeezus , which in turn was sampled by Sigma in their 2014 song , `` Nobody to Love '' , which also uses the same vocal sample from `` Sweet Nothin 's '' as `` Bound 2 '' does .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2078c8821e512b10d5c90ec5c338f63", "text": "Have Some Madeira M'Dear `` Have Some Madeira M'Dear '' , also titled `` Madeira , M'Dear ? '' , is a darkly comic song by Flanders and Swann . It is a song about seduction and alcohol , containing complex and witty wordplay . The lyric tells of an elderly rake who `` slyly inveigles '' an attractive young girl of seventeen to his flat where he offers her a glass of Madeira , a fortified Portuguese wine . The girl enthusiastically drains her glass , becoming slightly drunk in the process . Sensing victory , the rake offers the young girl another glass of wine , which she accepts . However , before raising it to her lips , she recalls her dying mother 's warning to avoid red wine . With a cry , the girl drops the glass and flees the apartment , the old roué 's pleas for her to remain echoing in her ears . The following morning , however , the young lady awakens in bed with a hangover and a beard tickling her ear . The song contains three much-quoted instances of syllepsis , : `` And he said as he hastened to put out the cat , the wine , his cigar and the lamps '' `` She lowered her standards by raising her glass , her courage , her eyes and his hopes '' `` She made no reply , up her mind and a dash for the door . '' The song has been covered by other groups , including most notably The Limeliters ( performed by Lou Gottlieb ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34fabd66cce3b306d39b3d5b4e9f0100", "text": "Sweet Surrender (Wet Wet Wet song) `` Sweet Surrender '' is the first single from Wet Wet Wet 's third studio album , Holding Back the River . It was released on 18 September 1989 , and reached # 6 on the UK singles chart . The single fared extremely well in Ireland , topping the charts for two weeks , and giving the band their second consecutive Irish number one . In Australia , `` Sweet Surrender '' peaked at # 7 on the ARIA singles chart in May 1990 , and was certified gold . Marti Pellow recorded his own version of the song for inclusion on his 2002 album Marti Pellow Sings the Hits of Wet Wet Wet & Smile . For that version , he changed the lyric from Hey , little fella , now your show 's together to Hey , little fella , now your shit 's together .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfbf7eb2a2a01b6b348113e02f366c7d", "text": "Larry Santos Larry Santos ( born 2 June 1941 in Oneonta , New York ) is an American pop music singer-songwriter . Santos wrote songs for several American pop bands in the 1960s , including the 1963 hit `` Candy Girl '' for The Four Seasons which reached number 3 on Billboard Hot 100 chart . In the mid-Sixties , he recorded singles as part of a group called The Madisons , and then under his own name . He released three albums in the 1970s and scored one pop hit single , produced by Don Davis , `` We Ca n't Hide it Anymore '' , which peaked on 10 April 1976 at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 . From 1976 to 1980 Santos starred in the television show Hot Fudge , a syndicated children 's puppet show broadcast from Detroit , Michigan . Santos scored the program 's theme music and other songs , and appeared regularly as a live character actor . Additionally , Santos built a successful career writing and singing advertising jingles . Santos 's songs have appeared in television commercials for Pan Am , Admiral , Chevrolet , Marathon Oil , and Budweiser among others . Santos ' baritone singing voice has been described as `` gruff , but warm '' and said to bear a very strong resemblance to the voice of Richie Havens . His music is considered in the genre of blue-eyed soul .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5aff869b9e56cb74d7848776ac41986d", "text": "Inherently funny word Certain nonsense words may be inherently funny , according to a 2015 study published in the Journal of Memory and Language . The study 's lead author , Chris Westbury from the University of Alberta , suggests that the inherent humor of certain non-words can be explained by the property of entropy . Entropy , in this case , expresses how usual the letters in the word appear to be : the less commonly they are used , the lower the total entropy and the more funny they are likely to be found . According to Westbury , `` Some non-words are funny , and they 're weird when they are -LSB- ... -RSB- But there 's actually a consistent relationship between how funny they are and how weird they are '' . The idea that humor can be predicted by a word 's entropy corresponds to the incongruity theory of 19th-century German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer , who posited that humor is a product of one 's expectations being violated . According to Westbury , `` One reason puns are funny is that they violate our expectation that a word has one meaning '' . The vaudeville lore that words with the letter k are funny is recorded by the playwright Neil Simon in his work The Sunshine Boys . In the play , which is about a pair of aging vaudeville comedians , the character Willie lectures his nephew about funny words :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f6d84daae7b9a937be538945b0c2f52", "text": "Sweetbox Sweetbox is a Los Angeles based pop music project formed in Germany in 1995 by executive producer Heiko Schmidt and music producer Roberto `` Geo '' Rosan . Throughout the years Sweetbox has had several lead singers including Kimberly Kearney , Dacia Bridges , Tina Harris , Jade Villalon , Jamie Pineda and most recently and currently , Miho Fukuhara and LogiQ Pryce . Although the project released four singles in the mid 1990s , with initial singers Kimberley Kearney and Dacia Bridges , worldwide success came with third vocalist , Tina Harris . Everything 's Gon na Be Alright was released in 1997 , which topped charts around the world and started a musical theme , sampling classical music , which the project would later become known for . Tina Harris left after two years , with Jade Villalon replacing her as the fourth vocalist with five original albums , all reaching Gold or Platinum in Korea . Villalon , along with `` Geo '' left the project after seven years to go on and do other projects . Vocalist Jamie Pineda took the role as new vocalist shortly after in late 2007 and then releasing her first studio album The Next Generation in 2009 , which was produced by Derek Bramble . Pineda released one more album , Diamond Veil in 2011 and it was released in Japan and Korea , as the 8th studio album from Sweetbox . In 2013 , Japanese singer Miho Fukuhara became the new frontwoman and for the first time in the project 's history , male vocalist/rapper LogiQ Pryce would co-front the project with her . The studio album , titled #Zeitgeist 21 was released on July 3 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9418ae7c46e5d550d3495b757736b75", "text": "Murder of Larry King Lawrence `` Larry '' Fobes King ( January 13 , 1993 -- February 13 , 2008 ) was a 15-year-old gay student at E.O. Green Junior High School in Oxnard , California . He was shot twice by a fellow student , 14-year-old Brandon McInerney , and kept on life support until he died two days later . Newsweek described the shooting as `` the most prominent gay-bias crime since the 1998 murder of Matthew Shepard '' , bringing attention to issues of gun violence as well as gender expression and sexual identity of teenagers . Following many delays and a change of venue , McInerney 's first trial began on July 5 , 2011 , in the Los Angeles district of Chatsworth . That trial ended on September 1 , 2011 when Judge Charles Campbell declared a mistrial because the jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict . Prosecutors decided to try McInerney again , but dropped the hate crime charge . On November 21 , 2011 , McInerney avoided the scheduled retrial by pleading guilty to second degree murder , voluntary manslaughter and use of a gun . The plea carries a sentence of 21 years imprisonment without chance of parole .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f89e6568b8e2f94a868cb75c934df509	Robert Wise collaborated with Jerry Goldsmith.	[ { "docid": "9e5d10beb2c22262f818020164581ade", "text": "Jerry Goldsmith Jerrald King `` Jerry '' Goldsmith ( February 10 , 1929July 21 , 2004 ) was an American composer and conductor most known for his work in film and television scoring . He composed scores for such noteworthy films as Star Trek : The Motion Picture ( Which he personally considered his best work ) , The Sand Pebbles , Logan 's Run , Planet of the Apes , Patton , Papillon , Chinatown , The Wind and the Lion , The Omen , The Boys from Brazil , Capricorn One , Alien , Poltergeist , The Secret of NIMH , Gremlins , Hoosiers , Total Recall , Basic Instinct , Rudy , Air Force One , L.A. Confidential , Mulan , The Mummy , three Rambo films , Explorers and four other Star Trek films . He collaborated with some of film history 's most accomplished directors , including Robert Wise , Howard Hawks , Otto Preminger , Joe Dante , Richard Donner , Roman Polanski , Ridley Scott , Michael Winner , Steven Spielberg , Paul Verhoeven , and Franklin J. Schaffner . Goldsmith was nominated for six Grammy Awards , five Primetime Emmy Awards , nine Golden Globe Awards , four British Academy Film Awards , and eighteen Academy Awards ( he won only one , in 1976 , for The Omen ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d491fc5875a81dc68874cdc4c6d2c1ae", "text": "Robert Kramer Robert Kramer ( June 22 , 1939 -- November 10 , 1999 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He directed 19 films between 1965 and 1999 , most of them political cinema made from a left-wing point of view . His film À toute allure was entered into the 1982 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c062ce5d527d8181abffa8183e35a2a", "text": "David A. Goldsmith David A. Goldsmith lives and works in the UK and Italy . His career in television spans the vast technological changes : from film to videotape ; from black & white to colour ; from terrestrial to satellite ; from the UK 's three national networks to the plethora of channels today ; from analogue to digital ; from 405 lines to High Definition . He moved through the ranks : from a Programme Assistant in educational television to a presenter of Ready Steady Go ! ; from film Location Manager at the newly formed Yorkshire TV to Programme Director ; from drama to current affairs ; from making documentaries in ITV to directing at ITN where he won a BAFTA award covering the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege . Other experiences include : teaching at the then London College of Printing , TV production for the Metropolitan Police , directing the pan-European satellite experiment , setting up the BBC 's school of TV Journalism in Bucharest , starting the RGB news production Partnership , and as a Vice President at ScanSat Broadcasting launching its news department . In 1993 he acted as an advisor to a start up television company in Hungary . Assisted in the production of a documentary about the British television industry . His documentaries mainly in the field of human rights range : from the 1964 civil rights campaign in Mississippi to Amnesty International 's concern about the state of human rights in Mexico ; from following the Six-Day War in Jerusalem to the role of policewomen under the Equal Opportunities Act ; from World War I Old Contemptibles in Flanders to Hells Angels in Great Britain . His enthusiasm for the documentary led to his book The Documentary Makers published by RotoVision . Since 2006 he has been developing a film project to be shot in Venezuela .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a12230bc07fa65b8a4ad81c99aec40d7", "text": "Rialto Pictures Rialto Pictures is a film distributor founded in 1997 by Bruce Goldstein . A year later , Adrienne Halpern joined him as partner . In 2002 , Eric Di Bernardo became the company 's National Sales Director . It was described as `` the gold standard of reissue distributors '' by Los Angeles Times/NPR film critic Kenneth Turan . In 1999 , Rialto received a special Heritage Award from the National Society of Film Critics , and in 2000 received a special award from the New York Film Critic 's Circle , presented to Goldstein and Halpern by Jeanne Moreau . The two co-presidents have each received the French Order of Chevalier of Arts and Letters . During the past decade , Rialto Pictures has become one of the great names in film distribution . In 2002 , the company released the critically acclaimed first-run film Murderous Maids , the chilling true story of two homicidal sisters , starring Sylvie Testud . Rialto celebrated a record-breaking 2004 with the previously unreleased , original 1954 Japanese version of Ishiro Honda 's Godzilla ; Peter Davis 's Oscar-winning and newly restored 1974 documentary Hearts and Minds ; and Gillo Pontecorvo 's groundbreaking The Battle of Algiers , one of 2004 's top-grossing foreign films . Rialto 's re-release of Alberto Lattuada 's Mafioso , a dark comedy from 1962 starring Alberto Sordi , was the unqualified highlight of the 2006 New York Film Festival . One of Rialto 's 2008 releases was Max Ophüls ' legendary film Lola Montès in a definitive new 35mm restoration , which was showcased to enormous acclaim at Cannes Film Festival and Telluride Film Festival and was the spotlight retrospective of the 2008 New York Film Festival . In 2009 , Rialto undertook the very first U.S. release of Jean-Luc Godard 's Made in U.S.A. , which could not be previously released due to rights issues , and also re-released Costa-Gavras ' Academy-Award winning thriller Z. Most recently , the San Francisco International Film Festival presented Goldstein with its prestigious Mel Novikoff Award . 2007 marked Rialto 's tenth anniversary , a milestone that was celebrated with a retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in New York . Similar tributes were held at George Eastman House , in Rochester , New York ; the AFI Silver Theater in Washington , D.C. ; and the SIFF Theater in Seattle . In honor of the company 's anniversary , The Criterion Collection has issued a special gift box set containing ten films displaying the breadth of Rialto 's collection , including Army of Shadows , Au Hasard Balthazar , Band of Outsiders , Billy Liar , Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie , Mafioso , Murderous Maids , Rififi , The Third Man and Touchez pas au grisbi . The DVD box set was released under the name `` Ten Years of Rialto Pictures '' on October 28 , 2008 . Rialto Pictures also handles North American distribution for most of the back catalog of French film production and distribution company StudioCanal , including titles from the company 's Embassy Pictures and Carolco Pictures libraries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce1a3f70d390095ff21ce35d488a3d11", "text": "Chinatown (1974 film) Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama . In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 . A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91da7cd2b0b16a973102a617e7a622a9", "text": "Robert Tepper Robert Tepper ( born May 30 , 1950 ) is an American songwriter , recording artist and sporadically active singer , best known for his hit song `` No Easy Way Out '' from the Rocky IV motion picture soundtrack . Born in Bayonne , New Jersey , Tepper moved to New York where he became a staff writer . He paired up with fellow singer Benny Mardones , and together they wrote Mardones ' hit ballad `` Into the Night , '' which earned them a Grammy Awards nomination . Tepper worked with Mardones on writing the latter 's follow-up album Too Much to Lose in 1981 . In 1985 , Tepper signed with Scotti Brothers and moved to Los Angeles . Actor/director Sylvester Stallone was taken with Tepper 's song `` No Easy Way Out , '' which subsequently led to its inclusion in the movie Rocky IV . `` No Easy Way Out '' climbed into the Top 40 , reaching # 22 on Billboard 's Hot 100 in 1986 , and momentarily putting Tepper in the public eye . Several European labels , including Ministry of Sound , released `` No Easy Way Out '' with their own dance versions , resulting in regular airplay on German radio stations that continues today ( in particular evening dance and party programming in Munich featured on Charivari 95.5 and Radio Gong 96.3 ) . The heavy metal group Bullet For My Valentine also recorded the song in 2008 . Tepper released two solo albums for Scotti Bros. . Records , but both albums received little promotion from the label . In 1986 , one year after Rocky IV , another song from Tepper 's debut album ( titled No Easy Way Out ) called `` Angel of the City '' became the main song of Stallone ´ s film Cobra . Also in 1986 , he co-wrote the single `` Le Bel Age '' for Pat Benatar , which peaked at # 54 on the Billboard charts . A second album , Modern Madness was released in 1988 . He went on to join the classic hard rock group Iron Butterfly for a few years . His third solo album No Rest For The Wounded Heart was released exclusively in Europe in 1996 on the MTM Music label . In 2009 , Sony/BMG re-released his first two albums digitally . In recent years , he ventured into writing music for television and film , and collaborated on a musical . In 2012 , he released his fourth solo album titled New Life Story . The music is a departure from the big rock sound of the 1980s and has been described as `` acoustic , singer/songwriter with an electric tinge . '' Tepper 's `` No Easy Way Out '' was featured on a special list of the best songs from '80s action film montages that appeared on music website , No Echo . Tepper has 5 children and currently resides with his wife in Los Angeles , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e4064a7a7b33468cf89c886db7d8a2b", "text": "Goldsmith Book Prize The Goldsmith Book Prize is a literary award for books published in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af2b0ceb53cb515ac802f774fbd5bd4c", "text": "Bob Spiers Robert Alexander `` Bob '' Spiers ( 27 September 1945 -- 8 December 2008 ) was a director . He is particularly noted as the director of the early series of Absolutely Fabulous ( 1992 -- 2001 ) , the musical comedy Spiceworld , and of the second series of Fawlty Towers ( 1979 ) . He also worked with Steven Moffat on Press Gang and Joking Apart . Spiers won a BAFTA Award twice for his work as a television comedy director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f93cc712f3136cf0d01990e77446611b", "text": "Golden Throats Golden Throats is Rhino Records ' series of humorous compilations of critically lambasted cover versions of songs , performed mostly either by celebrities known for something other than musical talent or musicians not known for the genre from which the song they are covering comes . For example , William Shatner sings ( or , more precisely , does a dramatic reading of the lyrics to ) `` Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds , '' Leonard Nimoy sings `` If I Had a Hammer , '' and Muhammad Ali sings `` Stand by Me . '' Other examples include the Bing Crosby cover of the Beatles ' `` Hey Jude '' and the Mel Tormé cover of Donovan 's `` Sunshine Superman , '' as both were rock songs being covered by musicians of an older generation . In most cases , the songs appear to be performed sincerely , rather than in a spirit of irony or intentional goofiness . In many respects , these albums were among the first to anthologize lounge music , with their focus on `` light '' versions of contemporary hits . The series ( of four albums ) was created and produced by long-time Rhino staffer Gary Peterson and pop culture historian Pat Sierchio . Each release contained liner notes penned by acclaimed music historian Irwin Chusid , and most featured original art by Drew Friedman . The cover art parodied well-known albums ( Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , Their Satanic Majesties Request , Sweetheart Of The Rodeo , and the Beatles ' infamous `` butcher '' cover for Yesterday And Today ) . The notoriety of the series no doubt contributed to William Shatner 's decision to relaunch his musical career . There were a total of four albums in the series : They are : Golden Throats : The Great Celebrity Sing Off ( LP : 1988 ; CD : 1992 ) Golden Throats 2 : More Celebrity Rock Oddities ! ( 1991 ) Golden Throats 3 : Sweethearts of Rodeo Drive ( 1995 ) Golden Throats 4 : Celebrities Butcher the Beatles ( 1997 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0000c0e9fe02bb10f4711c5d09d007ee", "text": "Wise Child Wise Child is a play by Simon Gray . The plot concerns orphaned Jerry Artminster , who blackmails a criminal named Jock Masters by promising he wo n't reveal his identity if Jock agrees to impersonate the boy 's mother in the Reading , Berkshire , ( England ) hotel where the boy lives . The other characters are Mr. Booker , the gay hotel manager who fancies the boy , and Janice , a black woman who works in the hotel . The play was first staged in 1967 at Wyndham 's Theatre in London with Alec Guinness as Jock . After 12 previews , the Broadway production at the Helen Hayes Theatre opened on January 27 , 1972 . It closed after four performances following critical thrashings by Clive Barnes and Walter Kerr in the New York Times and Richard Watts , Jr. in the New York Post . The New York City production was directed by James Hammerstein and starred Donald Pleasence as Jock , Bud Cort as Jerry , George Rose as Mr. Booker , and Lauren Jones as Janice . Donald Pleasence was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a64e74127f1eab4383b5c5dd705164e", "text": "Rob Minkoff Robert R. `` Rob '' Minkoff ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American filmmaker . He is known for directing the double Academy Award -- winning animated feature The Lion King ( along with Roger Allers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbd32bac91ffb0d2f9bdc9b2e9d24da6", "text": "Melville Shavelson Melville Shavelson ( April 1 , 1917 -- August 8 , 2007 ) was an American film director , producer , screenwriter , and author . He was President of the Writers Guild of America , West ( WGAw ) from 1969 to 1971 , 1979 to 1981 , and 1985 to 1987 . He came to Hollywood in 1938 as one of comedian Bob Hope 's joke writers , a job he held for the next five years . He is responsible for the screenplays of such Hope films as The Princess and the Pirate ( 1944 ) , Where There 's Life ( 1947 ) , The Great Lover ( 1949 ) , and Sorrowful Jones ( 1949 ) , which also starred Lucille Ball . Shavelson also worked as a writer on Hope 's radio show , The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope . Shavelson was nominated twice for Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay -- first for 1955 's The Seven Little Foys , starring Hope in a rare dramatic role , and then for 1958 's Houseboat . He shared both nominations with Jack Rose . He also directed both films . Other films he wrote and directed include Beau James ( 1957 ) , The Five Pennies ( 1959 ) for which he won a Screen Writers Guild Award , It Started in Naples ( 1960 ) , On the Double ( 1961 ) , The Pigeon That Took Rome ( 1962 ) , A New Kind of Love ( 1963 ) , Cast a Giant Shadow ( 1966 ) , and Yours , Mine and Ours ( 1968 ) , which starred Henry Fonda and again with Lucille Ball . Shavelson created two Emmy award-winning television series and wrote for a dozen Academy Award shows . He also wrote , produced and co-directed the six-hour ABC screenplay to the 1979 television miniseries Ike , based on the World War II exploits of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower . It featured an all star cast including Robert Duvall and Lee Remick . Shavelson 's autobiography , published by BearManor Media in April 2007 , is entitled How to Succeed in Hollywood Without Really Trying , P.S. - You Ca n't ! Shavelson wrote several other books , including , with Mr. Hope , `` Do n't Shoot , It 's Only Me : Bob Hope 's Comedy History of the United States '' ( Putnam , 1990 ) , and How to Make a Jewish Movie ( 1971 ) , a memoir of his experiences while producing and directing Cast a Giant Shadow , and the Hollywood-themed novel Lualda ( 1973 ) . Shavelson was a noted instructor at USC 's Master of Professional Writing Program from 1998-2006 . He taught screenwriting , who often cracked to his students , `` I 'm a writer by choice , a producer by necessity and a director in self-defense . '' He was an amateur radio operator and held the callsign W6VLH . Shavelson 's first wife , Lucille , died in 2000 . He was married to his second wife , Ruth Florea , from 2001 until his death in 2007 . He had two children , Lynne Joiner and Richard Shavelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f85eba11c359d771cdfa58c1ccd8dc4", "text": "Robert Sadin Robert Sadin is an American jazz musician , conductor , arranger , composer and producer . He was conductor of the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "178d728088bd821e106582b67f7bf6cf", "text": "Jewish Institute of Religion The Jewish Institute of Religion was an educational establishment created by Rabbi Stephen S. Wise in 1922 in New York City . While generally incorporating Reform Judaism , it was separate from the previously established Hebrew Union College . It sought to train rabbis `` for the Jewish ministry , research , and community service . '' Students were to serve either Reform or traditional pulpits . Wise 's early support for Zionism , and his dispute with Reform hierarchy over the `` question whether the pulpit shall be free or whether the pulpit shall not be free , and , by reason of its loss of freedom , reft of its power for good '' , led to the establish of his Free Synagogue in 1907 . Wise remained president until 1948 , and housed JIR next to his Free Synagogue on West 68th Street , he hoped that its graduates would generate other Free Synagogues `` animated by the same spirit of free inquiry , of warm Jewish feeling , and of devotion to the cause of social regeneration . '' JIR from the start inclined to Zionism , in contrast to HUC , which at the time did not favor Jewish nationalism . Motivated largely by budgetary difficulties , Wise accepted the prospect of JIR 's merger with HUC once the biblical archaeologist Nelson Glueck assumed the presidency . Negotiations were completed in 1948 and in 1950 the two schools merged . In 1954 a school in Los Angeles was chartered and , in 1963 , primarily as a result of Glueck 's efforts , a Jerusalem campus , initially devoted to archaeology , was opened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34dca7332e487ae50c0f26689584cfeb", "text": "Ellen Goldsmith-Vein Ellen Goldsmith-Vein is an American television and film producer . She is the founder and CEO of the Gotham Group , a talent management agency . As the only woman to own her own entertainment management agency completely , Goldsmith-Vein was the first talent manager ever featured on the cover of the `` Power 100 '' special issue of The Hollywood Reporter in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52a115105c29d9f0a27e104e0dc4ae02", "text": "Marshall Blonstein Marshall Blonstein is an entertainment industry executive who is best known as the founder and president of the audiophile music labels Audio Fidelity and DCC Compact Classics . He has also held positions at Island , Ode , ABC and Epic Records , and been associated with some of the most prominent artists in popular music . He was born and raised in Los Angeles , and entered the music business in 1966 , working at Dunhill Records . He subsequently moved into record promotion with ABC Records , then , from 1966 to 1970 , performed similar duties for Columbia Records , working in Chicago and Los Angeles . He ended his tenure with Columbia in 1970 , directing promotional activities for the company 's Epic and associated labels from New York City . From 1970 to 1979 Blonstein held executive positions at Ode Records , a label he helped to found with Lou Adler , where he was involved with the success of Carole King 's Tapestry album ( 1971 ) , the concert edition of The Who 's Tommy ( 1972 ) , The Rocky Horror Picture Show ( 1975 ) , and Cheech & Chong 's Up in Smoke movie ( 1978 ) , among other projects . He became president of Island Records from 1979 to 1982 , contributing to the careers of artists such as Robert Palmer , Steve Winwood , Bob Marley , Marianne Faithfull and Grace Jones . Blonstein began a new phase of his career in 1986 when he founded DCC Compact Classics as one of the first companies to issue catalogue music product on the then-new compact disc format . DCC evolved into one of the first companies to cater to the high-end audiophile market with its line of digitally remastered reissues on its 24 Karat Gold CD and 180-gram pure virgin vinyl formats . DCC released audiophile editions of best-selling albums by Elvis Presley , Frank Sinatra , the Doors , The Eagles and many others . In 2002 Blonstein founded Morada Music and Video , which issued new music and licensed features for DVD , and Audio Fidelity Music , which specializes in audiophile reissues . Among the Audio Fidelity catalogue titles are popular items such as James Taylor 's Sweet Baby James , Stevie Wonder 's Songs in the Key of Life , Carly Simon 's No Secrets and several Grateful Dead titles . Blonstein has also established a DVD series . Among the titles of Morada DVD is the historic series Playboy After Dark . Morada Music has also acquired the rights to 160 television shows from the legendary comedian Soupy Sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a7e8810bf2882ef7411afa85af38838", "text": "Lee Roberts Lee Roberts was a film actor during the Hollywood Golden Age . Sometimes he is credited as Robert Allen or Lee J. Roberts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "279b5c255281a11cf5d877cd93868749", "text": "Profondo Rosso (soundtrack) The soundtrack to the film Deep Red was mainly composed and performed by the Italian progressive rock band Goblin . Director Dario Argento had originally contacted jazz pianist and composer Giorgio Gaslini to score the film , but he was unhappy with his output , deeming it `` awful '' . After failing to get Pink Floyd to write music for the film , Argento turned back to Italy and found Goblin . In the final score , only three of Gaslini 's original themes were retained ; however , in the film 's original theatrical release , Gaslini was given full composer credit for the entire score , while Goblin were wrongly credited only as performers -LSB- i.e. `` Music by Giorgio Gaslini , performed by Goblin '' -RSB- . This was corrected in subsequent home video releases .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bdf2d3a27ee7a07d56496fa04c7c8125	CeeLo Green is an artist.	[ { "docid": "3119c05747288469ede32bf61e44fb45", "text": "CeeLo Green Thomas DeCarlo Callaway ( born May 30 , 1974 , better known by his stage name CeeLo Green ( sometimes rendered as Cee Lo Green ) , is an American singer , rapper , songwriter , record producer , actor , and businessman . Green came to initial prominence as a member of the Southern hip hop group Goodie Mob and later as part of the soul duo Gnarls Barkley , with record producer Danger Mouse . Subsequently he embarked on a solo career , partially spurred by YouTube popularity . Internationally , Green is best known for his soul work : his most popular was Gnarls Barkley 's 2006 worldwide hit `` Crazy '' , which reached number 1 in various singles charts worldwide , including the UK . In the United States , `` Crazy '' reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 . Its parent album St. Elsewhere ( 2006 ) , was also a hit , peaked at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart and number 4 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart . Gnarls Barkley 's second album , The Odd Couple ( 2008 ) , charted at number 12 on the Billboard 200 . In 2010 , Green took a hiatus from working with Danger Mouse , and released a solo single titled `` Fuck You ! '' , on August 19 . The song became a successful single , with the radio-edit version `` Forget You '' , reaching the top spot in the UK and the Netherlands and peaked at number 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its parent album , The Lady Killer ( 2010 ) , saw similar success , peaking within the top five of the UK Albums Chart and debuting within the top 10 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , receiving a Gold certification from the BPI in the UK . His next two singles , `` It 's OK '' and `` Bright Lights Bigger City '' were also hits in Europe . From 2011 to 2014 , Green was a judge and coach on American reality television singing competition The Voice , appearing on four of its seasons . In 2013 , Green reunited with the rest of Goodie Mob , to release their fifth studio album Age Against the Machine . In 2011 he did a concert with Prince in Madison Square Garden . He worked as a voice actor in the animated feature Hotel Transylvania ( 2012 ) , and also appeared in a few television programs and films -- including his own show , CeeLo Green 's The Good Life , on TBS . Green has endorsed 7 Up , Duracell , M&M 's , and sake brand TY KU . His work has earned numerous awards and accolades , including five Grammy Awards , a BET Award , a Billboard Award , and a Brit Award .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "207a51cec27f730decb37cb7d1975c36", "text": "Tom Green Michael Thomas `` Tom '' Green ( born July 30 , 1971 ) is a Canadian actor , rapper , writer , comedian , producer , director , talk show host , and media personality . Best known for his unique brand of comedy , he found mainstream prominence via his MTV television show The Tom Green Show . Green is also known for his roles in the Hollywood films Road Trip ( 2000 ) , Charlie 's Angels ( 2000 ) , Freddy Got Fingered ( 2001 ) , Stealing Harvard ( 2002 ) and Shred ( 2008 ) . He was briefly married to actress Drew Barrymore . In June 2003 , Green served as a guest host on Late Show with David Letterman , which led to him hosting his own late-night talk show on MTV titled The New Tom Green Show . From 2006 until 2011 he hosted his internet talk show Tom Green 's House Tonight from his living room , and began performing stand-up comedy in 2010 . From October 2013 to November 2014 Green hosted the live weekly talk-show Tom Green Live on AXS TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc2db90a7365f1bdfed0797e0cc6bf60", "text": "Illegal Art Illegal Art is a sampling record label that was started in 1998 . The label gained immediate notoriety from legal threats surrounding Deconstructing Beck , a compilation made exclusively from sampling Beck 's music . This was followed by two other theme-based compilations , Extracted Celluloid and Commercial Ad Hoc . All three were co-released with Negativland 's Seeland Records label and sponsored by RTMark . After these theme-based compilations , Illegal Art focused on artist releases . One of the most popular artists on the label is Girl Talk ( Gregg Gillis ) , who in 2006 released his third album , Night Ripper , to critical acclaim on the label , earning a Wired magazine Rave Award a year later . Illegal Art also released the Steinski Retrospective , spanning his work from 1983 -- 2006 . It includes the legendary `` Lessons '' , which have been described as `` one of the most desirable and prized bootleg recordings in hip hop '' ( Antidote ) . It also contains a variety of other essential tracks , and his critically acclaimed Nothing To Fear : A Rough Mix , an hour-long mashup that was produced for Solid Steel/BBC London and hailed as `` the closest to a masterpiece the genre has produced . '' As of April 2014 , Illegal Art 's website states that the label has been on an `` indefinite hiatus '' since 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "362913f81ec536c4335d9dc232c3ce5e", "text": "Surel's Place Surel 's Place is an artist in residency program located in Garden City , Idaho in a home studio designed by local artist Surel Lee Mitchell , who died of lung cancer on October 10 , 2011 , twenty years after she quit smoking ( only non-smokers are accepted ) . Established in 2011 , it is Idaho 's only live-in artist-in-residency program . The studio serves as the anchor of the eponymous neighborhood The Surel Mitchell Live/Work/Create / District in the somewhat rough-and-tumble , blue collar city , an artist 's district of some international acclaim . Surel 's Place is steps away from the Boise Greenbelt , blocks away from the Visual Arts Collective , and minutes via bicycle to downtown Boise itself . Each residency ( submissions are by open application ) is typically for one month ; twenty-four artists have resided there as of October 2015 ( including tap dancer Andrew Nemr ) . `` You forget to eat , '' Kansas City-based painter David Titterington , who stayed at Surel 's in July of that year . `` I got so much done . Way more than at other residencies . '' Since its inception , glass artist Zion Warne , mixed media painter Sam Paden , architect and furniture craftsman Derek Hurd , and illustrator Julia Green have also come to Garden City , and Surel 's Place has become an integral part of the city 's revival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "032ba2533a8a5cdba340773854cd43cc", "text": "Sergio Bustamante (artist) Sergio Bustamante is a Mexican Artist and sculptor . Though born in Culiacan , Sinaloa , Mexico , Sergio Bustamante has lived in the Guadalajara area since early childhood . In his youth , he studied architecture at the University of Guadalajara , but abandoned this pursuit when his talents and interests drew him to the fine arts and crafts . He began with paintings and paper mache figures , inaugurating the first exhibit of his works at the Galeria Misracha in Mexico City in 1966 . In the early 1970s , he traveled to Amsterdam , where he further developed his talents . After his return to Guadalajara , he established in 1975 , along with other artists , the `` Family Workshop Studio '' in Tlaquepaque , Jalisco , Mexico . While Bustamante 's works initially focused on painting and paper mache , his talents led , in the mid-1970s , to the creation of sculptures in wood and bronze , many reflecting animal themes . 1979 marked the inauguration of innovative furniture designs in wood and glass with bronze accents , currently available in distinctive patterns and motifs . The creation of ceramic sculptures in the mid-1980s provided avenues for the use of color and form in ways not previously explored . In 1992 , the initiation of an extensive line of exquisite jewelry in bronze , gold and silver , many set with precious and semi-precious stones and , again , often reflecting animal themes , marked a new and expansive direction for his creations . In this same year , a new series of paper mache sculptures was introduced . In the new millennium , Bustamante continues to explore new paths for the further expression of his imaginative and gifted talents . Each piece belongs to a limited edition and is created by hand , therefore unique . A certificate of authenticity duly signed by the artists itself is attributed to each sculpture . All works are of very good quality , and pieces of small and big size up to four meters high are available . The Mexican government has even elected them for official gifts to state governors and to high personalities . Since the 1960s , Sergio Bustamante has been internationally recognized in the world of creative arts and crafts . His works are on demand around the globe in such countries as Mexico , United States , Japan , Europe , and recently Russia ; giving the probability that his works will increase in value over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8756cbfc955d0965d21456df7a91b688", "text": "Green Violinist Green Violinist is a 1923-24 painting by artist Marc Chagall that is now in the permanent collection of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City . The work depicts a fiddler as the central figure who appears to be floating or dancing above the much smaller rooftops of the misty gray village below . This work is often considered to be the inspiration for the title of the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98f96ec775e8b2c2a7bdefe30b8685bc", "text": "The Turtles Present the Battle of the Bands The Turtles Present the Battle of the Bands is the fourth studio album released by the American rock band the Turtles . Produced by Chip Douglas , it was released in November 1968 by White Whale Records . It includes John Barbata 's final recorded performances with the band ; he left shortly after its release to join Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young . Barbata 's eventual replacement , former Spanky and Our Gang drummer John Seiter , also contributed to the album . Some issues of the album were retitled Elenore . This was a concept album , with the band pretending to be a series of different groups , playing in varying styles from psychedelic ( `` The Last Thing I Remember '' ) to hard rock ( `` Buzzsaw '' ) to surf music ( `` Surfer Dan '' ) to bluegrass ( `` Chicken Little Was Right '' ) . The outer cover showed the Turtles in evening dress , playing hosts of the `` show '' , while the inside gatefold showed them in different costumes for each song . The entire album was filled with puns and hidden jokes . ( According to liner notes on various Turtles CDs , White Whale Records was in reality , a one-artist label and they were consistently pressuring The Turtles to come up with another `` Happy Together , '' which resulted in `` Elenore , '' a humorous reworking of the classic `` happy pop '' single . ) `` Kamanawanalea '' was a made-up Hawaiian idol ( `` the god of lust and perversion '' ) , and a rude pun . The lyrics of `` Food '' included a recipe for brownies , with a special ingredient . `` Surfer Dan '' was billed as being by The Cross Fires ; this was an in-joke , as the Turtles had previously been a surf-music band known as The Crossfires before it had signed with White Whale Records . `` You Showed Me '' was written by Roger McGuinn and Gene Clark of The Byrds , and became the last major Turtles hit . The final song , `` Earth Anthem , '' was notably recorded at 3:00 A.M. by candlelight , to capture the exact mood the Turtles wanted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a94d08107813ca352dc8a14ae05edc14", "text": "Milton Becerra Venezuelan artist graduated from the Cristóbal Rojas School of Arts ( 1972 ) under the Jesús Soto promotion . From 1973 to 1980 Milton Becerra was assistant-partner in the workshops of the renowned masters Carlos Cruz-Diez and Jesús Soto . He participated in his first collective exhibition when he was still a student . He studied art trends such as Concrete , Neo , Kinetic , Generative and `` Op-art '' . In 1973 he opened his first solo exhibition `` Vibro-hexagonal Volume '' that included a sound atmosphere presented at the Ateneo de Caracas , that won him the prize of the Third National Exhibition of Young Artists . He applies this knowledge to the development of irregular shapes called Hexagon Geometry or `` Hexagonometry '' , based on the arrangement of different modules in space based on Kasimir Malevich 's `` White Cube '' theory , and Ludwig Wittgenstein 's `` Tractatus logico-philosophicus '' concepts that investigates colors , their behavior in space and the division of forms through color ranges . On the resulting works , Venezuelan art historian Alfredo Boulton ( 1908 -- 1995 ) wrote : `` Milton Becerra 's works characterize a concern about the volumes and strong structures , that accompany subtle chromatic features . We are , thus , in front of a solid object , but at the same time light and fragile . '' Concerned about nature and the enormous legacy of Venezuela 's indigenous peoples , Milton Becerra is able , in his first solo exhibition , to fuse the traditions of Venezuelan primitive cultures with the modernity of the artistic trends of the time . Milton Becerra does not discriminate on the aesthetic aspects , on the contrary makes them coexist , transcending the artistic harmony and visual resources of primitive cultures with geometric abstraction and the Venezuelan artistic kinetic movement , relevant at that time . Milton Becerra : In the 70s pioneered the `` Land Art '' in Venezuela Three years later Milton Becerra presented at the Caracas Museum of Contemporary Art his work `` Programmed Modules '' , where he expresses his concerns towards land intervention by photography . Under this context , in the 70s , the early works of Milton Becerra come into view , placed in suburban areas of Caracas , on the blurred boundaries between city and forest , or high pastures and the streambeds , or in the city 's last streets and homes , or in the Colonia Tovar , or in La Mariposa dam . Although these were , at the time , actions and interventions , these pieces later became Photographic Series , and constitute -- beyond themselves -- his first plastic and poetic approach to the vision of nature and earth as sacred , conducive to mystical experiences and filled with the cultural memory of silenced or vanished peoples . This starting point characterizes later the context of his artworks . Milton Becerra is considered one of the pioneers of Land Art in Venezuela , a contemporary art movement that uses elements of nature or its environments to produce a reaction in the spectator observing the landscape presented and intervened by the artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eb962b5a7d7930e047884d888b97b0f", "text": "Social practice (art) Social practice is an art medium that focuses on engagement through human interaction and social discourse . Since it is people and their relationships that form the medium of such works -- rather than a particular process of production -- social engagement is not only a part of a work 's organization , execution or continuation , but also an aesthetic in itself : of interaction and development . Socially engaged art aims to create social and/or political change through collaboration with individuals , communities , and institutions in the creation of participatory art . The discipline values the process of a work over any finished product or object . Artists working in social practice co-create their work with a specific audience or propose critical interventions within existing social systems that inspire debate or catalyze social exchange . The large overlap between social practice and pedagogy demonstrates the need for art education to embrace collaborative practice . Social practice work focuses on the interaction between the audience , social systems , and the artist through aesthetics , ethics , collaboration , methodology , antagonism , media strategies , and social activism . The social interaction component inspires , drives , or , in some instances , completes the project . Although projects may incorporate traditional studio media , they are realized in a variety of visual or social forms ( depending on variable contexts and participant demographics ) such as performance , social activism , or mobilizing communities towards a common goal . The diversity of approaches pose specific challenges for documenting social practice work , as the aesthetic of human interaction changes rapidly and involves many people simultaneously . Consequently , images frequently fail to do justice to the engagement and interactions that take place during a project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ead1259496c39e6c9d3d4ae306bc26fd", "text": "All-over painting All-over painting refers to the non-differential treatment of the surface of a work of two-dimensional art , for instance a painting . This concept is most popularly thought of as emerging in relation to the so-called `` drip '' paintings of Jackson Pollock and the `` automatic writing '' or `` abstract calligraphy '' of Mark Tobey in the 1950s , though the applicability of the term all-over painting would be wider than that . `` All-over painting '' is not a formal style of painting and the term does not represent an `` art movement . '' Some painting under the heading color field painting displays the `` all-over '' painting style . Such a painting would fail to treat the top , for instance , differently from the bottom ; the left than the right . Uniform treatment of all sections of the surface are the hallmark of all-over painting . All-over paintings would lack a dominant point of interest , or any indication of which way is `` up . '' Some paintings by Cy Twombly have had this term applied to them . Clement Greenberg cited Janet Sobel 's as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32c1f37173c1238f473628867095a49f", "text": "El monstruo (audience) El Monstruo ( ` The Monster ' ) is the popular designation that 's given in Chile to the audience attending to the Viña del Mar International Song Festival . The name is due to great authority that perform the audience in each day of the event . From pressing to lengthen presentations favorite artists to interruptions with catcalls to singers and comedians who are not like , booing to prevent complete their show and force them to withdraw from the stage . In that case , in Chile it is said that `` El Monstruo ate the artist '' . The audience at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival is the only one in the world that has received a special name . This creates an expectation in people attending the show , waiting for the slightest opportunity to show their intolerance . Most artists booed by El Monstruo have been comedians , both for its lack of grace as the misfortune to get on the right stage between performances of singers or bands of renown . He was remembered the occasion when El Monstruo asked the Gaviota de Plata ( Silver Seagull ) award for José Luis Rodríguez in 1988 ; the refusal of the mayor of Viña del Mar , Eugenia Garrido , who in the 1980s was who corroborated the awards , the singer said `` Sometimes the people 's voice must be heard '' , a phrase which some had a political background in relation to the military regime then ruling the country ; the artist has said his sentence was not thought out or had a direct political intention . Rodriguez has indicated that feel that in that case it was a `` tool for greater spiritual ideal . '' Sometimes , however , the public is manifested catcalls to protest the presenters of the event . This happened in the 2007 , when the animators , Tonka Tomicic and Sergio Lagos , dismissed the artist Ana Torroja to the general public discontent , he wanted her to continue singing . Boo to Lagos and Tomicic lasted nearly an hour . The same happened in 2009 when El Monstruo was in favor of Simply Red , booing for an hour for the group to return , and incidentally interrupting the Folk Competition , the singer Paolo Meneguzzi , a humorous routine performed by the trio Manpoval until partially calmed their minds with the presentation of Rakim and Ken-Y .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d81c724cb9bf9628cce016fe7bc5531a", "text": "No Colour Bar No Colour Bar : Black British Art in Action 1960 -- 1990 is a major public art and archives exhibition , the first of its kind in the UK , held at the Guildhall Art Gallery , City of London , over a six-month period ( 10 July 2015 -- 24 January 2016 ) , with a future digital touring exhibition , and an associated programme of events . No Colour Bar took its impetus from the life work and archives of Jessica Huntley ( 23 February 1927 -- 13 October 2013 ) and Eric Huntley ( born 25 September 1929 ) , Guyanese-born campaigners , political activists and publishers , who founded the publishing company Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications and the associated Walter Rodney Bookshop . Comprising contemporary fine art combined with archive materials , the multi-media exhibition features the work of seminal Black British artists and historically significant activists , and was described by Colin Prescod ( chair of the Institute of Race Relations ) as an `` exposition of startling and radical imaginative works , addressing grand British cultural and historical matters , and touching on themes of existential and social restlessness '' . Participants in the Caribbean Artists Movement , such as Winston Branch , Aubrey Williams , Ronald Moody and Errol Lloyd , are featured together with other prominent artists , including Eddie Chambers , Sonia Boyce , Sokari Douglas Camp , Denzil Forrester and Chila Kumari Burman , with works on display across all media : painting sculpture , painting , drawing , illustration , photography and film . In conjunction with the art and archives , panels and talks led by the exhibition curators , Makeda Coaston and Katty Pearce , and featuring individual artists , writers and publishers , including Eddie Chambers , Errol Lloyd , Denzil Forrester , Fowokan , Donald Hinds , Kadija George , Dorothea Smartt , Arif Ali , Sarah White , as well as Eric Huntley himself , were programmed . Within the exhibition is a purpose-built interactive installation by Michael McMillan , in conjunction with sound and visual specialists Dubmorphology , that recreates the famed Walter Rodney Bookshop , which was formerly located in West Ealing , functioning as a cultural hub of the community until it closed at the beginning of the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "361c062a420e6a535cfe40f35b5c714f", "text": "Pedro Bell Pedro Bell is an American artist and illustrator . He is best known for his elaborate cover designs and other artwork for numerous Funkadelic and George Clinton solo albums . Pedro 's dual conceptuality as a writer heavily contributed to P - Funk 's literary mythology -- a sampling of his contributions include `` Thumpasaurus , '' `` Funkapus , '' `` Queen Freakalene , '' `` Bop Gun , '' and `` Zone of Zero Funkativity . '' According to his biography via George Clinton 's official website , Bell 's `` stream-of-contagion text rewrote the whole game . He single-handedly defined the P-Funk collective as sci-fi superheroes fighting the ills of the heart , society , and the cosmos ... As much as Clinton 's lyrics , Pedro Bell 's crazoid words created the mythos of the band and bonded the audience together . '' Bell , as an `` untrained '' artist , created album artwork and liner notes that created discourses that were important to black people in the U.S. during the 1970s . Whether in his use of puns , hypersexual characters , Bell created conceptual art that produced alternative ways of envisioning the ways in which black people in the U.S. saw themselves , as well as spoke about themselves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8276569f80d187d88fc62b671a234f29", "text": "Green World Green World is a literary concept defined by critic Northrop Frye in The Anatomy of Criticism . In some comedies by William Shakespeare , the main characters escape the order of a city for a forested and wild setting adjacent to the city . This natural environment is often described as a green world . It is in this more loosely structured , fantastic environment that issues surrounding social order , romantic relationships , and inter-generational strife , which are a prominent part of the `` city world '' , become resolved , facilitating a return to the normal order . Recent literary critics drawn to ecocriticism have occasionally found the concept valuable to their work as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79a8cd45e0d2ead5741806f0df451238", "text": "Chinelos Chinelos are a kind of traditional costumed dancer which is popular in the Mexican state of Morelos , parts of the State of Mexico and the Federal District of Mexico City , especially the boroughs of Milpa Alta and Xochimilco . The tradition arose from the blending of indigenous and Catholic traditions , most notably Carnival , with its permission to be masked and to mock . Chinelos mock Europeans and European mannerisms from the colonial period up to the end of the 19th century . The Chinelos tradition is strongest in Morelos , especially around Carnival , but Chinelos now appear at other festivities such as Independence Day celebrations , private parties and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "687f2dfce906c2392adeb7cc7bc18e71", "text": "Lab color space The Lab color space describes mathematically all perceivable colors in the three dimensions L for lightness and a and b for the color opponents green -- red and blue -- yellow . The terminology `` Lab '' originates from the Hunter 1948 color space.Nowadays `` Lab '' is frequently mis-used as abbreviation for CIEL * a * b * 1976 color space color space ( also CIELAB ) ; the asterisks/stars distinguish the CIE version from Hunter 's original version . The difference from the Hunter Lab coordinates is that the CIELAB coordinates are created by a cube root transformation of the CIE XYZ color data , while the Hunter Lab coordinates are the result of a square root transformation . Other , less common examples of color spaces with Lab representations make use of the CIE 1994 color difference and the CIE 2000 color difference . The Lab color space exceeds the gamuts of the RGB and CMYK color models ( for example , ProPhoto RGB includes about 90 % all perceivable colors ) . One of the most important attributes of the Lab model is device independence . This means that the colors are defined independent of their nature of creation or the device they are displayed on . The Lab color space is used when graphics for print have to be converted from RGB to CMYK , as the Lab gamut includes both the RGB and CMYK gamut . Also it is used as an interchange format between different devices as for its device independency . The space itself is a three-dimensional real number space , that contains an infinite number of possible representations of colors . However , in practice , the space is usually mapped onto a three-dimensional integer space for device-independent digital representation , and for these reasons , the L * , a * , and b * values are usually absolute , with a pre-defined range . The lightness , L * , represents the darkest black at L * = 0 , and the brightest white at L * = 100 . The color channels , a * and b * , will represent true neutral gray values at a * = 0 and b * = 0 . The red/green opponent colors are represented along the a * axis , with green at negative a * values and red at positive a * values . The yellow/blue opponent colors are represented along the b * axis , with blue at negative b * values and yellow at positive b * values . The scaling and limits of the a * and b * axes will depend on the specific implementation of Lab color , as described below , but they often run in the range of ± 100 or − 128 to +127 ( signed 8-bit integer ) . Both the Hunter and the 1976 CIELAB color spaces were derived from the prior `` master '' space CIE 1931 XYZ color space , which can predict which spectral power distributions will be perceived as the same color ( see metamerism ) , but which is not particularly perceptually uniform . Strongly influenced by the Munsell color system , the intention of both `` Lab '' color spaces is to create a space that can be computed via simple formulas from the XYZ space but is more perceptually uniform than XYZ . Perceptually uniform means that a change of the same amount in a color value should produce a change of about the same visual importance . When storing colors in limited precision values , this can improve the reproduction of tones . Both Lab spaces are relative to the white point of the XYZ data they were converted from . Lab values do not define absolute colors unless the white point is also specified . Often , in practice , the white point is assumed to follow a standard and is not explicitly stated ( e.g. , for `` absolute colorimetric '' rendering intent , the International Color Consortium L * a * b * values are relative to CIE standard illuminant D50 , while they are relative to the unprinted substrate for other rendering intents ) . The lightness correlate in CIELAB is calculated using the cube root of the relative luminance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e327ed7762f8ddcf32e376103a8a1a98", "text": "Grass Green Richard Eugene `` Grass '' Green ( May 7 , 1939 -- August 5 , 2002 ) was an African American cartoonist notable for being the first black participant in both the 1960s fan art movement and the 1970s underground comics movement . In the 1960s , Green 's Harvey Kurtzman-like zany , action-packed , humorous comics parodies appeared in numerous fanzines . His `` outrageous '' 1970s and 1980s underground work used searing humor to expose America 's racism and bigotry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab9c813e145197fad81bf789b5175dc7", "text": "Ecovention Ecovention was a term invented by Amy Lipton and Sue Spaid in 1999 to refer to an ecological art intervention in environmental degradation . The Ecovention movement in art is associated with land art , earthworks , and environmental art , and landscape architecture , but remains its own distinct category . Many ecoventions bear tendencies similar to public works projects such as sewage and waste-water treatment plants , public gardens , landfills , mines , and sustainable building projects . Artists associated with ecovention include : Joseph Beuys , Mel Chin , Agnes Denes , Helen and Newton Harrison , Ocean Earth , Robert Smithson , Alan Sonfist , and Mierle Laderman Ukeles , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "737c5438405556709605c16e5ab86dd4", "text": "McElmo Phase McElmo Phase refers to a period in the late 11th and early 12th centuries , when drastic changes in ceramics and masonry techniques in Chaco Canyon appeared . During this period the Ancestral Puebloans living in the canyon started using painted black-on-white pottery versus their standard grey ware , and the masonry and layout of great houses built during the McElmo phase , which was the last major construction era in the canyon , differ significantly from those built during the early parts of the Bonito Phase ( 850 to 1140 ) , which overlaps with the McElmo Phase . Archeologists initially suggested that the McElmo influence was brought to Chaco Canyon by immigrants from Mesa Verde , but subsequent research suggests that the developments were of local origin . Archeologist R. Gwinn Vivian notes , `` The jury is still out on this question , a problem that poses intriguing possibilities for future work . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d201daa29afd613993ea1ed97cf21f9", "text": "Green Day discography The American punk rock band Green Day has released 12 studio albums , two live albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , four video albums , 10 extended plays , four box sets , 42 singles , ten promotional singles , and 39 music videos . The band has sold over 85 million records worldwide , including more than 30 million in the United States alone . Green Day released their first two studio albums , 1,039 / Smoothed Out Slappy Hours ( 1991 ) ( consisting of the original `` 39/Smooth '' as well as their first two EP 's `` 1,000 Hours '' and `` Slappy '' ) and Kerplunk ( 1991 ) , through the independent label Lookout ! Records before signing to major label Reprise Records . Dookie , the band 's first album on the label and third studio album overall , was released in February 1994 . It was a breakout success , selling over 10 million copies in the United States and 20 million copies worldwide . Dookie spawned five singles , including the international hits `` Longview '' , Basket Case '' and `` When I Come Around '' . The album placed Green Day at the forefront of the 1990s punk rock revival . Insomniac , the band 's fourth studio album , was released in October 1995 . While not as successful as Dookie , the album managed to peak at number two on the US Billboard 200 and received a double platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Nimrod followed in October 1997 ; it peaked at number ten on the Billboard 200 . Four singles were released from Nimrod ; the most successful of these was `` Good Riddance ( Time of Your Life ) '' , which hit the top ten in countries such as Australia and Canada . The band 's sixth studio album Warning was released in October 2000 to mild commercial success , peaking at number four on the Billboard 200 and only earning a gold certification from the RIAA . Their seventh studio album American Idiot reignited the band 's popularity with a younger generation . Becoming the band 's first album to top the Billboard 200 , American Idiot sold over six million copies in the United States , and over 14 million copies worldwide . The album spawned five commercially successful singles : `` American Idiot '' , `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , `` Holiday '' , `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' , and `` Jesus of Suburbia '' . The band 's eighth studio album 21st Century Breakdown followed in May 2009 , topping the Billboard 200 and being certified platinum by the RIAA . Two singles from the album -- `` Know Your Enemy '' and `` 21 Guns '' -- became top 40 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 . A trilogy of studio albums -- ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! , and ¡ Tré ! -- were released toward the end of 2012 . ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! and ¡ Tré ! peaked at numbers two , nine and thirteen respectively on the Billboard 200 . In 2016 , another studio album , Revolution Radio was released and topped the Billboard 200 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "618abe820de0f36f1a6143478bf73545", "text": "Green Team (comics) The Green Team is a fictional comic book team of rich-kid adventurers published by DC Comics . The team debuted in 1st Issue Special # 2 ( May 1975 ) , and was created by Joe Simon and Jerry Grandenetti . In its initial appearance , the group was subtitled `` Boy Millionaires . '' In 2010s comics , a revamped version of the group appeared in a series subtitled `` Teen Trillionaires . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
4dad2a322cdef70e0412b51b34c3a1d3	Tennis is played in Paris especially during the French Open.	[ { "docid": "368f815a364b8a5924186d5253992b22", "text": "French Open The French Open , often referred to as Roland-Garros ( -LSB- ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁɔs -RSB- ) , is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France . Named after the French aviator Roland Garros , it is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual Grand Slam tournaments , the other three being the Australian Open , Wimbledon and the US Open . Roland Garros is currently the only major held on clay , and it is the zenith of the spring clay court season . Because of the seven rounds needed for a championship , the slow-playing surface and the best-of-five-set men 's singles matches ( without a tiebreak in the final set ) , the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9acbef7fc65256bf254d13bfa990aabb", "text": "Paris Paris ( French pronunciation : -LSB- pɑʁi -RSB- , -LSB- paʁi -RSB- ) is the capital and most populous city of France . It has an area of 105 km2 and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits . The city is both a commune and department and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France , or Paris Region , which has an area of 12,012 km2 and a population in 2016 of 12,142,802 , comprising roughly 18 percent of the population of France . By the 17th century , Paris was one of Europe 's major centres of finance , commerce , fashion , science , and the arts , and it retains that position still today . The Paris Region had a GDP of $ 624 billion ( US $ 687 billion ) in 2012 , accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe . The City of Paris is but the core of a built-up area that extends well beyond its administrative limits . Commonly referred to as the agglomération Parisienne , and statistically as a unité urbaine ( a measure of urban area ) , the agglomeration has a 2013 population of 10,601,122 , which makes it the largest in the European Union . City-influenced commuter activity reaches well beyond even this in a statistical aire urbaine de Paris ( a measure of metropolitan area ) , that had a 2013 population of 12,405,426 , a number one-fifth the population of France , and one that makes it , after London , the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union . Although joined in a single urban tissue , Paris ' lack of administrative and economic cohesion with its suburbs has been a longstanding problem , but a 2016 ` Metropole of Grand Paris ' economic and environmental initiative covering an 814 km2 area and a population of 7 million , exists since 2016 . The city is also a major rail , highway , and air-transport hub served by two international airports : Paris-Charles de Gaulle ( the second busiest airport in Europe after London Heathrow Airport with 63.8 million passengers in 2014 ) and Paris-Orly . Opened in 1900 , the city 's subway system , the Paris Métro , serves 5.23 million passengers daily . It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro . Notably , Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan , with 262 millions passengers in 2015 . Paris has many important cultural institutions : its Louvre museum is the most visited in the world ; its Musée d'Orsay is noted for its collection of French Impressionist art , and its Pompidou-center Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe . The central area of the city along the Seine River is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site and includes many notable monuments , including Notre Dame Cathedral , the Sainte-Chapelle , the former Universal Exposition Grand Palais , Petit Palais and Eiffel Tower , and the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur in Montmartre . In 2015 , Paris received 22.2 million visitors , making it one of the world 's top tourist destinations . The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris . The 80,000-seat Stade de France , built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup , is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis . Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros . Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics . The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups , the 2007 Rugby World Cup , and the 1960 , 1984 , and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city , and every July , the Tour de France bicycle race finishes in the city .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "51188c1ce54d7c1f758943dcbd0731b3", "text": "Stéphane Huet Stéphane Huet ( born 25 April 1971 ) is a former professional tennis player from France . Huet appeared in a total of 16 Grand Slam tournaments during his career . When he made his Grand Slam tournament debut in the 1993 French Open , as a qualifier , he was ranked 297 in the world and had just one tour match to his name . Despite this , in the opening round he managed to defeat seventh-seed Ivan Lendl in four sets . It was the first time since 1978 that Lendl , a three-time French Open winner , had exited the tournament without registering a win . In 1999 , Huet made the second round of two Majors , the Australian Open , where he beat Arnaud Di Pasquale and the French Open , where he defeated Hendrik Dreekmann , before losing a five set match to eventual finalist Todd Martin , in a final set tie-break . The Frenchman reached the second round on two further occasions , the 2000 Wimbledon Championships , when he defeated Mahesh Bhupathi , and at the same event a year later , when he had a victory against Markus Hipfl . He also played men 's doubles twice and mixed doubles at four Major tournaments . On the ATP Tour , he was a quarter-finalist at Toulouse in 1998 and also reached the quarter-finals stage at Palermo two years later . In the 2000 Tashkent Open he had a win over Carlos Moyá . As a coach his students include the French players Irena Pavlovic , Laetitia Sarrazin and Manon Arcangioli .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf088ab255d1b595c3f65a840c9f6498", "text": "2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season The 2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season began at the Chennai Open , where he won the title for the second time in his career . This was followed by victory at the Australian Open , where he defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the quarterfinals , followed by victory over world no. 1 Rafael Nadal in the final , to win his first ever Grand Slam title , launching him to a career-high no. 3 in the world , and the Swiss no. 1 ( ahead of Roger Federer ) for the first time in his career . Additionally , he won his first Masters 1000 title , defeating compatriot Federer in the final after coming back from a set down . During the first half of the season , Wawrinka went a perfect 6 -- 0 against top-10 opponents , including wins against three of the `` Big Four '' ( Djokovic , Nadal , and Federer ) . He also reached the semifinals of the ATP World Tour Finals for the second time in a row and finished the year helping Switzerland win their first Davis Cup . He was defending champion in Oeiras , but withdrew before the tournament began .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48e9df1ca8ec3cd552578306882da2ee", "text": "1976 Paris Open The 1976 Paris Open , also known as the Jean Becker Open , was a Grand Prix men 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts . It was the 8th edition of the Paris Open ( later known as the Paris Masters ) . It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris , France from 25 October through 31 October 1976 . Eddie Dibbs won the singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b5c86c7b5de4924be988bc26890e3c3", "text": "1949 French Championships (tennis) The 1949 French Championships ( now known as the French Open ) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France . The tournament ran from 18 May until 28 May . It was the 48th staging of the French Championships , and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1949 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "798b19687456d6e48fb7eea51396140c", "text": "Rafael Nadal Rafael `` Rafa '' Nadal Parera ( -LSB- rəfəˈɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə -RSB- , -LSB- rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa -RSB- ; born 3 June 1986 ) is a Spanish professional tennis player . He is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history , and owing to his dominance and success on the surface , he has been called `` The King of Clay '' . His evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest players in tennis history , with some considering Nadal to be the greatest male player of all time . Nadal has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles , the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles , an all-time record of 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles , tied with Novak Djokovic , and a record 18 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments . He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , and 2011 . In 2010 , he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of four in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24 . He is the second male player , after Andre Agassi , to complete the singles Career Golden Slam . In 2011 , Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year . The left-hander is the sixth player in the Open Era to reach more than 100 finals on the ATP World Tour . Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only two male players who have won at least two Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces -- hard court , grass , and clay . By winning the 2014 French Open , Nadal became the third player to win a single Grand Slam tournament nine times ( Martina Navratilova 9 , Margaret Court 11 ) and the first male to win at least one Grand Slam tournament for ten consecutive years , breaking the record of eight consecutive years previously shared by Björn Borg , Pete Sampras , and Roger Federer . By winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2012 , Nadal became the only male player in the open era to win a tournament eight consecutive times . Nadal is the only male player in tennis history to win one Grand Slam and at least one Masters 1000 title for ten consecutive years from 2005 -- 2014 . He beat Guillermo Vilas 's Open Era record of 49 clay-court titles by winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . Nadal became the first man to win the same tournament 10 times by wining the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . He repeated this historic achievement by winning the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell for a 10th time just a few weeks later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64835cc8c2ea96839e61ab57d7c7dabe", "text": "1927 French Championships (tennis) The 1927 French Championships ( now known as the French Open ) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Francais in Paris , France . The tournament ran from 27 May until 5 June . It was the 32nd staging of the French Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year . Kornelia Bouman became the first foreign woman to win the women 's singles event and the first , and only , Dutch woman to win a Grand Slam singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c917453c093feb9b417bad55adf3d0a", "text": "Fed Cup Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women 's tennis , launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995 . The Fed Cup is the world 's largest annual women 's international team sports competition , in terms of the number of nations that compete . The men 's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup . Australia , Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0318f69c1864dff08a908c9737ff3807", "text": "US Open Series The US Open Series is the seven-week summer tennis season linking twelve ATP World Tour and WTA Tour tournaments together . The Series leads to the US Open . It is often referred to as the U.S. or North American hard court season . From 2012 until 2018 , the series will be sponsored by Emirates . It was organized in 2004 as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television . Until 2004 , most summer North American tournaments were not on television , the exceptions being the highly televised ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events in Canada and Cincinnati . The eight non-Masters tournaments now enjoy about 50 hours of television combined -- about two hours on each day of their final weekends , chiefly on ESPN2 , which is where ESPN shows its tennis programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "933058697b5999db9f4c3fea7834a2ab", "text": "Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c4d8c3f285adf0fc568797ac9a5c23d", "text": "2005 French Open (badminton) The 2005 French Open in badminton was held in Paris , from October 12 to October 16 , 2005 . It was an A Category tournament and the prize money was US$ 10,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80320f30067921aa235bab1985721340", "text": "List of Davis Cup champions The Davis Cup is an annual international team event in men 's tennis . Established in 1900 as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge , it is run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , who describe it as the `` World Cup of tennis . '' The first event in 1900 was a match between Great Britain and the United States , while 135 nations have entered the 2016 Davis Cup . The tournament sees players competing for their country in four singles and one doubles matches , known as rubbers , over the course of three days , with the team that wins three rubbers progressing . The countries are divided into groups based upon their location or performance in previous years . The Davis Cup World Group is the top level of the competition and features matches between players from the top 16 countries at the start of the year . Countries that lose their first round match face a relegation play-off against winning countries from the continental zones . World Group winning countries progress to the quarter-finals . Nations have to win a further three ties in order to claim the position of Davis Cup Champions . The United States are the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with 32 victories . Australia are second with 28 and Great Britain are third with 10 . Teams from Europe have won the competition the most with 42 victories , followed by North America with 32 and Oceania with 28 . Argentina are the current champions , they beat Croatia 3 -- 2 in the final in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6b1f9dd2b5b596f60116130a542a82", "text": "Grand Slam Cup The Grand Slam Cup was a tennis tournament held annually at the Olympiahalle in Munich in Germany from 1990 through 1999 . The event was organized by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , which invited the best-performing players in the year 's Grand Slam events to compete in the Grand Slam Cup . The tournament was created in 1990 and was played on indoor carpet courts . From 1990 to 1996 , it was held in December but was moved to the middle of autumn from 1997 to 1999 . From 1990 to 1997 the tournament was limited to male players . A women 's Cup was added in 1998 and was held simultaneously with the men 's Cup . Throughout its existence , the Grand Slam Cup was famous for paying out the highest prize money of any tournament in tennis . The winner for the first three years of the Cup received US$ 2 million in prize money , which dipped to $ 1.625 million in 1993 , rose to $ 1.875 million in 1996 and back to $ 2 million in 1997 before falling to $ 1.3 million in 1998 . If the Cup was won by a player who had also won a Grand Slam event that year they received a bonus of $ 1 million . Prize money for the winner of the two women 's Cups was fixed at $ 800,000 . The Cup was not recognized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the course of its run , and participants did not receive points in the ATP computer rankings nor have it credited as an official career title . Following the discontinuation of the Cup in 1999 , the ATP decided to give the event full recognition and added it to players ' lists of official titles . A compromise between the ITF and the ATP was announced on December 9 , 1999 which merged the Cup with the ATP Tour World Championship , the ATP 's year-end tournament also held annually in Germany , giving birth to the ATP World Tour Finals , an official tour event . A direct result of the merging of the two competitions can still be seen in the qualification rules for the ATP World Tour Finals , which included one notable difference from those of the ATP Tour World Championship . The Tour World Championship was meant to include the top eight players on the ATP computer rankings at the end of a season , even though this could mean the exclusion of a Grand Slam champion who had not been able to earn sufficient ranking points in the rest of the year . Present Finals rules ensure the participation of a Grand Slam champion who is unable to earn a top eight ranking at the end of the season and automatic qualification for the top seven players in the computer rankings . The eighth ranked player , however , qualifies only if all Grand Slam singles champions are among the top eight . Any Grand Slam event champion who is not in the top eight but is still in the top twenty is included to the detriment of the eighth ranked player . This situation occurred at the 2004 Tennis Masters Cup , where Andre Agassi , the 8th ranked player in the ATP Champions Race , was excluded from the event in favor of Gastón Gaudio , who had won that year 's French Open but was ranked 10th at the end of the year . Pete Sampras was the most successful player at this event winning two titles out of three final appearances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa845eb48e05a1385d2d1001bb9c752b", "text": "1929 French Championships (tennis) The 1929 French Championships ( now known as the French Open ) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay ourts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France . The tournament ran from 26 May until 3 June . It was the 34th staging of the French Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year . This was René Lacoste 's final Grand Slam triumph .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e1fe9087b59aba38831bc9fa5dcc175", "text": "2014 Open d'Orléans The 2014 Open d'Orléans was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts . It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour . It took place in Orléans , France between 22 and 28 September 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "695039d3ab8c2c65f692f57724a4a9e3", "text": "Petits As Les Petits As ( English : Small champions ) is a premier junior tennis tournament for players aged 12 -- 14 . It is held in Tarbes , France . It is often considered to be the European equivalent of the Junior Orange Bowl in Florida , United States due to the high number of international players that it attracts . The event has seen a number of its champions go on to become slam winners , including Rafael Nadal , Michael Chang , Martina Hingis , and Kim Clijsters . Due to the relatively restrictive age range , few players have won the title more than once , although Hingis and Timea Bacsinszky have both done so . Most recently , upcoming Spanish player Carlos Boluda became the first boy to do so . The tournament is played on indoor Green Set ( hard ) courts . Roughly 7,000 players enter the pre-qualifying tournaments held across France , with that number being narrowed down to 350 for the final qualifying stage , and 64 for the final tournament . The event is regulated by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) and has businesses such as Head , Eurosport , Coca-Cola , and Peugeot amongst its portfolio of partners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb185c5d0f9c5bf3ec95f73d7eb5091f", "text": "Copa Peugeot Argentina de Tenis The Copa Peugeot Argentina de Tenis ( sponsored by Peugeot ) was a professional tennis exhibition . Which follows round robin format , split into two groups , before a final between the group winners . It was played on hard courts . It used to be held annually in December at the Buenos Aires Lawn Tennis Club in Buenos Aires , Argentina , since 2003 to 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a68499e8c2cd261718f9805dd299c989", "text": "1996 Open Gaz de France The 1996 Open Gaz de France was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Stade Pierre de Coubertin in Paris in France that was part of Tier II of the 1996 WTA Tour . The tournament was held from February 13 through February 18 , 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2df9ad7d1212461b3b1a52a041507d24", "text": "2010 ATP World Tour The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP . The 2010 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the ATP World Team Championship , the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , and the ATP World Tour Finals . Also included in the 2010 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which does not distribute ranking points , and is organized by the ITF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d3d70e383d8f60275689aa3614e2b7", "text": "2002 Davis Cup The 2002 Davis Cup was the 91st edition of the most important tournament between nations in men 's tennis . A total of 130 nations participated in the tournament . In the final , Russia defeated France at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris , France , on 29 November - 1 December , giving Russia their first title . This is the only time in the history of the competition that a two-set deficit has been turned around in a live fifth rubber of a Final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2ef394bfa274391920ea47a09640d96", "text": "2012 Open GDF Suez The 2012 Open GDF Suez was a women 's professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts . It was the 20th edition of the Open GDF Suez ( formerly known as the Open Gaz de France ) and was a Premier tournament on the 2012 WTA Tour . It took place at Stade Pierre de Coubertin in Paris , France from February 4 through February 12 , 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
149647bdd6e65c539e900fe494959d93	Outlander is a drama show.	[ { "docid": "545645e28649ee2a68f4edf3e2e9aadb", "text": "Outlander (TV series) Outlander is a British-American television drama series based on the historical time travel Outlander series of novels by Diana Gabaldon . Developed by Ronald D. Moore and produced by Sony Pictures Television and Left Bank Pictures for Starz , the show premiered on August 9 , 2014 . It stars Caitriona Balfe as Claire Randall , a married World War II nurse who in 1945 finds herself transported back to the Scotland of 1743 , where she encounters the dashing Highland warrior Jamie Fraser ( Sam Heughan ) and becomes embroiled in the Jacobite risings . The second season of 13 episodes , based on Dragonfly in Amber , premiered on April 9 , 2016 . On June 1 , 2016 , Starz renewed the series for a third and fourth season , which will adapt the third and fourth Outlander novels , Voyager and Drums of Autumn . The 13-episode third season is scheduled to premiere in September 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9304371daeb89b3b82108d9f50a3e550", "text": "Shadowhunters Shadowhunters ( also known as Shadowhunters : The Mortal Instruments ) is an American fantasy television series that is loosely based on The Mortal Instruments by Cassandra Clare , and developed for television by Ed Decter . It is the second adaptation of the novel series , after the 2013 film The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones , which like Shadowhunters was produced by Constantin Film . The show received a straight-to-series order on March 30 , 2015 , and premiered on January 12 , 2016 on Freeform . In March 2016 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season of 20 episodes , which premiered on January 2 , 2017 . In April 2017 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a third season of 20 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ea97addb49c4b3716e26b125f769da2", "text": "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 , with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history . It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards , including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award , and received 124 Emmy nominations , which makes it the most nominated drama program in history . ER won 116 awards in total , including the Peabody Award , while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55eb434910d10c6574371e33f85a90e7", "text": "Waylander Waylander may refer to : Waylander ( band ) , a Celtic metal band from Northern Ireland Waylander ( novel ) , a fantasy novel by David Gemmell Waylander the Slayer , the protagonist in the fantasy novel by David Gemmell", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29bbbe05f56179be63676836a621696a", "text": "Youngers Youngers is a British comedy drama series created by Benjamin Kuffuor and Levi David Addai . It began airing on E4 on 20 March 2013 . It is produced by Big Talk Productions . The series has been picked up for international distribution by BBC Worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b865b7ac1f808bd400d6da249ee583", "text": "Outsiders (U.S. TV series) Outsiders is an American television drama series created by Peter Mattei . Set in the fictional town of Blackburg , Crockett County , Kentucky , the series tells the story of the Farrell clan and their struggle for power and control in the hills of Appalachia . It is WGN America 's third original series , which debuted on January 26 , 2016 . On March 11 , 2016 , WGN America renewed Outsiders for a second season which premiered on January 24 , 2017 . On April 14 , 2017 , WGN America announced , the series had been canceled after two seasons , with the then forthcoming last episode of the second season , airing as a series finale on the channel . Production and distributing studio Sony Pictures Television is set to shop the series elsewhere for further seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59cd6cdcfd449cd3755bf94bf266bd6d", "text": "Atlantis (TV series) Atlantis is a British fantasy-adventure television programme , inspired by Greek mythology ( including the legend of Atlantis ) and created by Johnny Capps and Julian Murphy with Howard Overman . It premiered on 28 September 2013 . Atlantis was the biggest new Saturday night drama series launch across all BBC channels since 2006 , even up on the launch of hit show Merlin . It also managed to draw 1 million viewers away from the highly popular ITV show The X Factor , which aired at the same time in the UK . On 26 October 2013 , BBC One ordered a second series of the show , which began airing on 15 November 2014 . On 23 January 2015 , it was announced that the series had been cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8682025f2293a3b5dcba8f6d3f1f3085", "text": "Drama (UK TV series) Drama is a one-hour UK television anthology series produced by Open City Productions . It consists of seven episodes of abridged productions of classic plays that were aired on the British Broadcasting Company in 1977 . Episode titles are Oedipus Tyrannus , MacBeth , Medieval Mystery Plays , The Venetian Twins , The Way of the World , The Wild Duck , and Six Characters in Search of an Author . Actors included Patrick Stewart , Leo McKern , and Nigel Stock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a39bc6b265c8100112524f8b0eb0f74", "text": "The Thirteenth Tale (film) The Thirteenth Tale is a British drama television film that first broadcast on BBC Two on 30 December 2013 . It is an adaptation of Diane Setterfield 's gothic novel The Thirteenth Tale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57b31d60d739d5c683e6fd20aa5fc8c2", "text": "CBC Drama '73 CBC Drama '73 is a Canadian drama anthology television miniseries which aired on CBC Television in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d279f78d3b29f0e4b4ef90f0893eb9d", "text": "The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec , based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith . The series premiered on The CW on September 10 , 2009 and concluded on March 10 , 2017 , airing 171 episodes over eight seasons . The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006 . The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers . It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow . The show has received numerous award nominations , winning four People 's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards . On April 26 , 2013 , The CW officially announced that the spin-off The Originals , which focuses on the Original family of vampires , had been ordered to series , and the show began airing during the 2013 -- 14 American television season . On April 6 , 2015 , lead actress Nina Dobrev confirmed via Instagram that she and co-star Michael Trevino ( who plays Tyler Lockwood ) would be leaving the show after its sixth season . Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale . Trevino appeared as a guest star in season seven and returned for season 8 . On March 11 , 2016 , The CW renewed the series for an eighth season , but on July 23 , 2016 , announced that the eighth season , which would have 16 episodes , would be the show 's last . The final season began airing on October 21 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c55def7f43f8f01b69cb7b83774759aa", "text": "The Outcast (TV adaptation) The Outcast was a two-part television adaptation of Sadie Jones ' debut novel of the same name . It was first broadcast on BBC One on Sunday 12 July 2015 ( Part I ) and 19 July 2015 ( Part II ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9cca49cdd4c9290fac1b9af3243c110", "text": "Dalziel and Pascoe (TV series) Dalziel and Pascoe is a popular British television crime drama based on the novels of the same name , written by Reginald Hill . The series was first broadcast on 16 March 1996 , with Warren Clarke being cast as Dalziel ( pronounced `` dee-ell '' ) and Colin Buchanan being cast as Pascoe . The series is primarily set in the fictional town of Wetherton in Yorkshire , and `` follows the work of two detectives that are thrown together as partners . Complete opposites . Different backgrounds , different beliefs , different styles . They get on each other 's nerves . They are continually embarrassed by each other . But their differences make them a stunningly brilliant crime-solving team . '' The first three series were entirely based on Hill 's novels , as were the first two episodes of series four . However , all subsequent stories , with the exception of `` Dialogues of the Dead '' , are stories written exclusively for television , and have not appeared as subsequent novels . The series was produced by BBC Birmingham , and broadcast on BBC One until 22 June 2007 , running for a total of eleven series . The series was axed in 2008 , citing falling viewing figures as the main reason . It was one of a number of dramas axed in a mass cull by new station controller Peter Fincham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59f8586904f857d05e490aa1d23b6a2", "text": "Shortland Street Shortland Street is a New Zealand prime-time soap opera centring on the fictitious Shortland Street Hospital , first broadcast on TVNZ 2 on 25 May 1992 . It is the country 's longest-running drama and soap opera , being broadcast continuously for over 6,000 episodes and 25 years , and is one of the most watched television programmes in New Zealand . The show was originally screened as five half-hour episodes each week and initially receiving mixed reviews on its premiere . After its launch it dropped in ratings and would have been cancelled if TVNZ had not ordered a year 's worth of episodes in advance . TVNZ renewed the production in early 1993 when the show 's rating had picked up , and it now has `` long-term public enthusiasm '' . Today , it is one of New Zealand 's highest-rated shows , frequently making AGB Nielsen Media Research 's top 5 programmes of the week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74224d62efff46c704ead0f60cde76ef", "text": "London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art The London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) is a drama school situated in the west of London , United Kingdom . LAMDA is the oldest drama school in the UK . LAMDA 's president is Timothy West and its Principal is Joanna Read ( who succeeded Peter James in 2010 ) . In recent years , over 98 % of LAMDA 's stage management and technical theatre graduates have found work in their chosen field within weeks of graduation and the Academy 's graduates work regularly at the Royal National Theatre , the Royal Shakespeare Company , Shakespeare 's Globe , London 's West End and Hollywood as well as on the BBC , HBO and Broadway . It is registered as a company under the name LAMDA Ltd and as a charity under its trading name London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art . There is an associate organisation in America under the name LAMDA in America , Inc. , previously known as The American Friends of LAMDA . LAMDA examinations in the fields of speech , drama , communication and performance taken by external students are recognised by Ofqual , the regulator in England and its counterparts in Wales and Northern Ireland . LAMDA accredited examinations at Level 3 or above are recognised within the UCAS Tariff system . As an affiliate of the Conservatoire for Dance and Drama , LAMDA receives funding from the Higher Education Funding Council for England ( HEFCE ) . This means that eligible UK/EU students are able to access loans to assist with their tuition fees and maintenance costs . In addition , LAMDA and the Conservatoire have a range of scholarships and bursaries available .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ca08c07666069519ce3f6bdc17428b9", "text": "Mad Dogs (U.S. TV series) Mad Dogs is a dark-comic thriller television series available for viewing on Amazon 's Amazon Prime subscription service . It is a partial remake of the British show , also named Mad Dogs , that aired from 2011 to 2013 . The show 's first season consisted of 10 episodes , expanding on the British version 's first season 's four hours of content . It began airing on January 22 , 2016 in the U.S. , U.K. , and Germany , with an early release of the show available in December 2015 . The plot is a `` cocktail of testosterone and bad decision-making '' , focused on the angst of a group of 40-something underachieving American men who become caught in a `` vacation from hell '' . The cast is a unique blend of film actors with mostly episodic television credits to their name , including Billy Zane as a man wealthy from underworld connections who invites his friends for a stay in Belize , Michael Imperioli as an irresponsible but good-hearted former traveling musician , Romany Malco as a family man , and Ben Chaplin ( who starred in the Zane role in the UK version of the show ) as an embittered teacher . The show 's few women actors , including Allison Tolman and María Botto ( reprising her role from the UK series ) , provide contrast to the male leads . Showrunner Cris Cole adapted the show from his own drama in the UK . It was originally under development at the FX network . Cole noted that because the American version is 10 hours to the British version 's first season 's four hours , the last six hours of the American version are `` virgin territory '' and have no comparative to the original . Rights to air the show were sold by Sony Pictures Television for more than 140 countries prior to the initial Amazon airing . In late February 2016 , Amazon announced that it had opted not to renew the series . Although the original intention had been for the show to be a 10 episode limited series , Amazon and the show leadership had broached the idea of a potential second season . During filming of scenes of the pilot episode in Puerto Rico , actor Steve Zahn contracted dengue fever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a4e4d443ed1498ec19289b5df1b8883", "text": "List of Psych episodes Psych is an American crime/mystery comedy television series that premiered on July 7 , 2006 on USA Network , and aired its series finale on March 26 , 2014 . It stars James Roday as Shawn Spencer , who uses his eidetic memory with the observational and investigative skills that his father ingrained in him during childhood to fake being a psychic who consults with the Santa Barbara Police Department to solve cases , as well as running a psychic detective agency called Psych . He is ( reluctantly ) helped in his charade by his best friend , Burton `` Gus '' Guster ( Dulé Hill ) , and his father , Henry Spencer ( Corbin Bernsen ) . He generally works with police detectives Carlton Lassiter ( Timothy Omundson ) and Juliet O'Hara ( Maggie Lawson ) and under the direction of Police Chief Karen Vick ( Kirsten Nelson ) . Episodes usually begin with a flashback to Shawn 's youth , showcasing one of Henry 's lessons for his son . These lessons are typically used or applied later in the episode . During the run of Psych 121 episodes aired . On May 8 , 2017 , USA Network announced `` Psych '' would return for a 2-hour TV movie to air in December 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd353359f873fd2f4e64357b9a1cce8", "text": "Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall . This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series . Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9e259200c40200742d2e071eebd90ec", "text": "Motherland (TV series) Motherland is a British sitcom , all about navigating the trials and traumas of middle-class motherhood . A pilot episode , written by a team including Graham Linehan and Sharon Horgan , was first broadcast on BBC Two on 6 September 2016 as part of BBC 2 's `` Sitcom Season '' . It starred Anna Maxwell Martin as Julia an overstressed working mother , trying to juggle the demands of her children , her husband and her job . The BBC subsequently ordered a full series .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7f96b7215c39819639246ec0dce08e2c	Marilyn Burns was a European.	[ { "docid": "ea74ffc462371a2c88c428d952b19da8", "text": "Marilyn Burns Marilyn Burns ; ( born Mary Lynn Ann Burns ; May 7 , 1949 -- August 5 , 2014 ) was an American actress who became known for her role as Sally Hardesty in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre film series . Her other film roles included Eaten Alive ( 1977 ) and Future-Kill ( 1985 ) . She is also known for portraying Linda Kasabian in the three-time Emmy-nominated television film Helter Skelter ( 1976 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "972704c676ac3dbea73294b79dfa926b", "text": "Interstate (Mike Burns & Mark Lewis) Interstate is an LA-based electronic music production duo made up of Mike Burns ( born 1972 in Miami Beach ) and Mark Lewis ( born in South London ) . The production pair became known to fans and the industry back in 2005 when Armin Van Buuren 's Netherlands based record label Armada Music signed them to a 3 track deal . Their breakthrough single `` I Found U '' was later featured on Paul Oakenfold 's Grammy nominated Creamfields compilation . They have had releases on Paul Van Dyk 's Vandit Records as well as System Recordings in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43dd63daff657593566f6fe27728cb5c", "text": "Eaux d'Artifice Eaux d'artifice ( 1953 ) is a short experimental film by Kenneth Anger . The film was shot in the Villa d'Este in Tivoli , Italy . The film consists entirely of a woman dressed in eighteenth-century clothes who wanders amidst the garden fountains of the Villa d'Este ( `` a Hide and Seek in a night-time labyrinth '' ) to the sounds of Vivaldi 's `` Four Seasons '' , until she steps into a fountain and momentarily disappears . The actress , Carmilla Salvatorelli ( not `` Carmello '' ) , was `` a little midget '' Anger had met through Federico Fellini . Anger used a short actress to suggest a different sense of scale , whereby the monuments seemed bigger ( a technique he said was inspired by etchings of the gardens in the Villa d'Este by Giovanni Battista Piranesi ) . The title , a play on words , is meant to suggest Feux d'artifice ( Fireworks ) , in obvious reference to Anger 's earlier 1947 work . Film critic Scott MacDonald has suggested that Fireworks was a film about the repression of ( the filmmaker 's ) gay sexuality in the United States , whereas Eaux d'Artifice `` suggests an explosion of pleasure and freedom . '' In 1993 , this short film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9815e19cc4745d4e084a88a89f6d417e", "text": "Marilyn (1963 film) Marilyn is a 1963 documentary film based on the life of the 1950s sex symbol Marilyn Monroe . The film , directed by Harold Medford , was released by 20th Century Fox , and was narrated by Rock Hudson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168c90fc76278aa26a5551b4fb6c581e", "text": "Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants . By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915b766de28133a6982b7d2d3f4d137f", "text": "The Prince and the Showgirl The Prince and the Showgirl ( originally called The Sleeping Prince ) is a 1957 British-American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier . Olivier also served as director and producer . The screenplay by Terence Rattigan was based on his 1953 stage play The Sleeping Prince . It was filmed in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51e14fc1a7339b2f84689bbf2b34689b", "text": "Four Seasons of Love Four Seasons of Love is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Donna Summer . Released on October 11 , 1976 , this concept album became her third consecutive successful album to be certified gold in the US . It peaked at # 29 on the Billboard 200 . In addition , all the cuts on this album went to number one on the disco chart . This was the third concept album Summer had made , though unlike the previous two which had contained one long track on side one and a small selection of slightly shorter ones on side two , Four Seasons Of Love was more equally balanced . The album told the story of a love affair by relating it to the four seasons . Side One contained `` Spring Affair '' and `` Summer Fever '' , both disco tracks , and Side Two contained `` Autumn Changes '' ( a slightly slower disco number ) and `` Winter Melody '' ( which had an even slower beat ) , plus a reprise of `` Spring Affair '' . This concept was reflected in the four photos of Summer , one for each season of the year , in a pull-out 1977 calendar included with the original LP album . The photo on the cover was , fittingly , the Summer photograph . Summer 's `` first lady of love '' image came across strongly on this album , though her trademark moans and groans were slightly less evident than on previous work . Pics included `` Winter '' in a fur with a tear on her cheek ; `` Spring '' in a Scarlett O'Hara style hoop skirt on a swing ; and `` Autumn '' re-enacting Marilyn Monroe 's famous scene from The Seven Year Itch with the billowing white dress over the subway grate - an allusion to her song `` Love to Love You Baby '' , which she has been quoted as using Monroe for inspiration on her recording of it . As with the previous two albums , Four Seasons of Love was distributed by different record labels in different countries , including Casablanca Records in the U.S. Edited versions of `` Spring Affair '' and `` Winter Melody '' were released in various places , but neither had a big impact on any charts ( although the latter made the Top 30 on the UK singles chart ) . The album was also released as a Club Special Edition / Club Sonderauflage in West Germany on the Atlantic Records Label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d16a2b01b084b4fc661624d9f22ccb6c", "text": "Isabella Summers Isabella Janet Florentina Summers ( born 31 October 1980 ) is an English musician , songwriter , producer , remixer and member of English indie rock band Florence and the Machine . As well as being the keyboard player for the group , Summers has five co-writing credits on the critically acclaimed , BRIT Award-winning Lungs and three on the album Ceremonials . She has three songs on the album How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful : `` Delilah '' , `` How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful '' and `` Which Witch '' , including two productions on the deluxe version . When not on tour with Florence and the Machine , Summers writes , produces and remixes tracks for artists including Beyoncé , Juliette Lewis , Iggy Azalea , Jasmine Thompson , Nas , Cara Delevingne , Izzy Bizu , Pablo Dylan , Mondo Cosmo , Kacy Hill , Jessica Simpson , Chloe and Halle , Flux Pavilion , Maxine Ashley , Rita Ora , Judith Hill , and The Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ce5def371c836f547cb51965b1385c", "text": "Marilyn McLeod Marilyn McLeod ( born 1939 ) is an American songwriter and singer . She was born in Detroit , into a musical family -- her half-brother Ernie Farrow became a noted jazz performer , and her sister Alice married John Coltrane and recorded many albums as a jazz keyboard player and harpist . Marilyn McLeod began working as a songwriter for the Jobete publishing company at Motown in 1968 . She wrote songs with Johnny Bristol before being teamed with lyricist Pam Sawyer , and the pair co-wrote Diana Ross 's 1976 hit `` Love Hangover '' , and the High Inergy hit `` You Ca n't Turn Me Off ( in the Middle of Turning Me On ) '' the following year . In 1982 , she co-wrote Jermaine Jackson 's hit with Devo , `` Let Me Tickle Your Fancy '' , written with Sawyer , Jermaine Jackson , and Paul Jackson , Jr. . As a recording artist , she released some singles under her own name , and fronted the group Pure Magic . McLeod left Motown in 1985 , and , in the early 1990s , co-wrote several songs for Northern Soul DJ Ian Levine and his Motown revival label Motorcity Records . In 2010 she released the album I Believe In Me , a set of songs co-written with veteran Motown songwriter Janie Bradford . Her grandson is the musician , producer and rapper Flying Lotus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c8dcd0713ac34a3b8c59d7a8ef87ba5", "text": "European Capital of Culture The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension . Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural , social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration , change the city 's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale . In 1985 , former actress Melina Mercouri , then Greece 's minister of culture , and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual Capital of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values . The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture : more than 40 cities have been designated so far . An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union . A 2004 study conducted for the European Commission , known as the `` Palmer report '' , demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city . Consequently , the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abcf12b10a1ee635bbb925b6cf58084c", "text": "Remo Camerota Remo Camerota ( born on 17 April in Coventry , England ) is an English-Australian visual artist and film director . He has been exhibiting in the arts since 1992 when he also started a fine art degree at Swinburne University , Melbourne . 1992 and 1993 saw him win the VEVA award for animation , and the St Kilda Film Festival facility award . See awards below for more details . He also completed a BA in Film and Television at Victorian College of the Arts - 1995 . From 1996 to 1998 Camerota directed and edited for Foxtel/Sportsworld on the TV show Extreme Sports . Camerota 's style of editing and direction became popular in youth culture TV shows , using techniques such as fast cutting , SFX and juxtaposition of sound with image . From 1994 to 2000 , Camerota continued to exhibit video , painting and photography installations including `` Trade '' , at the world trade centre Melbourne , titled `` Loophole '' consisting of a wall of television sets creating a visual and sound loop through the use of feedback , Neo Ethnic at MYU Gallery Tokyo comprising stencil paintings , video-photography installations at Experimenta and collaborating with artist `` Stelarc '' in his short film Scar . From 2000 to 2003 , Camerota edited feature film Narcosys and video directed , photographed and edited `` Speaking In Tongues '' DVD , Gene Simmons . In 2003 , Camerota started a production company - Whitewall Studios 2003 Camerota directed the Kiss Symphony tour DVD extras and B roll . Also Camerota 's photographs became published first in magazines and also included in Kiss Alive 4 package , Kiss and Make up Book and Speaking in Tongues DVD . Camerota co0founds Raven with Kumicho and is currently creating the Manga graphic novel for the Horror feature film SCAR and Sci Fi feature Origami Moon . 2008 - 2010 Camerota authored two books featuring Japanese pop culture , titled Graffiti Japan and Drainspotting http://drainspottingbook.blogspot.com , both are published by Mark Batty Publisher New York . Remo has book signing tours throughout USA and Tokyo in 2008 - 2011 . 2005 - 2011 urban painting and photography exhibited at galleries in New York , london , Bristol , Tokyo , Sydney and murals painted at Bristol in collaboration with Kid zoom and Rory Doona , Cargo Club London UK , Bondi Beach facade Sydney , Shibuya Tokyo , Revolt Club Melbourne . 2010 - 2011 - Camerota is creating iPad/iPhone apps in conjunction with his authored books . Titles so far are Drainspotting Extras , Graffiti Japan Extras , Graffiti New York , Graphic Novel - Scar Vol 1 and 2 . 2011 - Camerota teamed up with Kiyoshi Kohatsu and created Kit Robot - LoveBots iPad/iPhone app , an avatar maker of robots . www.kit-robot.com", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae686b4a6ec50716cc44466b8108edb", "text": "Mr. Burns Charles Montgomery Burns , known as C. Montgomery Burns and Monty Burns , but usually referred to simply as Mr. Burns , is a recurring character in the animated television series The Simpsons , and is voiced by Harry Shearer . Burns is the evil owner of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant and is also Homer Simpson 's boss . He is assisted at almost all times by Waylon Smithers , his loyal and sycophantic aide , adviser , confidant and secret admirer . Although originally conceived as a one-dimensional , recurring villain who might occasionally enter the Simpsons ' lives and wreak some sort of havoc , Burns ' popularity has led to his repeated inclusion in episodes . He is a stereotype of corporate America in his unquenchable desire to increase his own wealth and power , inability to remember his employees ' names ( including Homer 's , despite frequent interactions -- which has become a recurrent joke ) and lack of concern for their safety and well-being . Reflecting his advanced age , Burns is given to expressing dated humor , making references to Jazz Age popular culture , and aspiring to apply obsolete technology to everyday life . Conan O'Brien has called Burns his favorite character to write for , due to his arbitrarily old age and extreme wealth . Burns ' trademark expression is the word `` Excellent '' , muttered slowly in a low , sinister voice while steepling his fingertips . He occasionally orders Smithers to `` release the hounds '' , so as to let his vicious guard dogs attack any intruders , enemies or even invited guests . Burns is Springfield 's richest and most powerful citizen ( and also the richest person in Springfield 's state ; his current net worth has been given as $ 7.3 billion by Forbes , though it fluctuates wildly depending on the episode ) . He uses his power and wealth to do whatever he wants , usually without regard for consequences and without interference from the authorities . These qualities led Wizard Magazine to rate him the 45th greatest villain of all time . TV Guide named him # 2 in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time . In 2016 , Rolling Stone ranked him # 8 of their `` 40 Greatest TV Villains of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "855c0051d9a5611d180b496c2966beb8", "text": "This Year's Blonde This Year 's Blonde is a 1980 low-budgeted American television drama film , based on the Garson Kanin novel Moviola about 1950s sex symbol Marilyn Monroe . The movie starred Constance Forslund as Monroe Lloyd Bridges as Johnny Hyde and Norman Fell and was presented as part of a 3-night TV special event on NBC called Moviola : A Hollywood Saga . This Year 's Blonde was the first of two TV movies about Monroe in 1980 . The second being , Marilyn : The Untold Story , starring Catherine Hicks . Both movies have been overshadowed by more big-budgeted theatrical films about the star .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "799db4267a7a7be654771d9e7aea398f", "text": "Liam (film) Liam is a 2000 British-German film directed by Stephen Frears and written by novelist/screenwriter Jimmy McGovern . McGovern ( perhaps best known as the creator of British TV crime drama Cracker ) adapted Joseph Mckeown 's novel Back Crack Boy into this emotionally raw meditation on innocence and pain . Frears in turn was influenced by James Joyce 's accounts of his stern childhood in late 19th century Catholic Dublin . Megan Burns won the Marcello Mastroianni Award at the 57th Venice International Film Festival for her performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5034a6f9e7bc9dde828eed076e222bb", "text": "Marilyn Manson discography American industrial metal band Marilyn Manson has released nine studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two EPs , twenty-four singles , nine promo singles , five DVDs , and thirty-four music videos . After forming in 1989 and signing a contract with Nothing Records and Interscope in 1993 , the band released their first studio album , Portrait of an American Family ( 1994 ) . Although initially not a commercial success , the album would eventually be certified gold by the RIAA for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies . Spurred by their hit single -- a version of the Eurythmics 's `` Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) '' -- the band 's first EP , Smells Like Children ( 1995 ) , became a commercial success , selling over a million copies in the US alone . In 1996 , the band released their second studio album , Antichrist Superstar , which reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and has sold over 1.9 million copies in the US . The album went on to sell over 7 million copies worldwide , and was supported by the release of 1997 's Remix & Repent EP . Their third studio album , Mechanical Animals ( 1998 ) , was a commercial and critical success , reaching No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , as well topping the charts in as Australia and Canada . Mechanical Animals was later followed by their first live album , The Last Tour on Earth ( 1999 ) , which included the promotional single `` Astonishing Panorama of the Endtimes '' . In 2000 , the band released Holy Wood ( In the Shadow of the Valley of Death ) , which managed to sell more than 9 million copies worldwide . Their fifth studio album , The Golden Age of Grotesque ( 2003 ) , was a modest commercial success in their native US , debuting at No. 1 with sales of 118,000 copies . As of November 2008 , the album has sold 526,000 copies in the US . In contrast , the album was , by far , Manson 's most successful internationally , peaking within the top five in most of the major European markets . Their sixth album , Eat Me , Drink Me , was released in 2007 and debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 . The High End of Low ( 2009 ) , reached No. 4 on both the US and Canadian album charts , but was their last album released by Interscope . After signing a deal with Cooking Vinyl , the band released Born Villain in 2012 . Their ninth studio album , The Pale Emperor , was released on January 20 , 2015 , debuting at No. 8 in the US with their highest first week sales since Eat Me , Drink Me in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f50153bb97b3a285d726d2a1b9a66d2", "text": "Marilyn Monroe in popular culture Marilyn Monroe 's life and persona have been used in film , television , music , the arts , and by other celebrities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4804ac318bf9b384dd0004f80d3422df", "text": "Martha Schlamme Martha Schlamme ( born Martha Haftel , September 25 , 1923 -- October 6 , 1985 ) was an Austrian-born American singer and actress . She was born to a Jewish family in Vienna , Austria in 1923 . Her father was Meier Haftel and her mother the former Gisa Braten , both Orthodox Jews . Forced to flee to France in 1938 after the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany , Haftel soon after joined her family in England , where they were then interned as ` enemy aliens ' on the Isle of Man . It was in the camp that she made her performance debut , appearing in a German-language production of As You Like It . In the camp , she heard a concert of the Danish-Icelandic folk singer Engel Lund , and it was exposure to Lund 's repertoire , which included traditional Yiddish songs , that inspired Haftel to pursue a musical career . Living in London after the war , she supported herself doing office work while studying voice and piano and occasionally performing on stage and radio . Emigrating to the United States in 1948 , Haftel married her first husband , Hans Schlamme . She supported herself performing an ever-increasing repertoire of folk songs in multiple languages in nightclubs and concert venues in the Catskills and elsewhere . Her early recorded work began during this period and was recorded in collaboration with the Israeli composer Nachum Nardi . In 1954 , she recorded the album German Folk-Songs with the then blacklisted singer Pete Seeger . Besides this album for Folkways Records , she would later record for the Vanguard , Columbia and MGM labels . In 1959 , her performance of songs from the operas and musicals of the German composer Kurt Weill at the Edinburgh Festival led to much wider awareness of her work ; she herself said it made her `` a star overnight . '' MGM released her albums The World of Kurt Weill in Song in 1962 and A Kurt Weill Cabaret in 1963 . The label further issued ( Martha Schlamme says :) Kissin 's No Sin in the latter year . Among her stage performances were Weill 's Mahagonny ( Stratford Festival , Ontario , 1965 ) , A Kurt Weill Cabaret ( Ravinia Festival , 1967 ) , Fiddler on the Roof ( as Golde , Broadway , 1968 ) and several one-woman shows , including A Woman Without a Man Is ... . Her television appearances as herself include the series Hootenanny ( 1963 ) , Rainbow Quest ( 1965 ) , Talk of the Town ( 1965 ) and the America 's Musical Theater episode `` Happy End '' ( 1985 ) ; as well , she appeared in the 1980 television movie Playing for Time ( as `` Woman on train '' ) . She continued to perform until her death two months after suffering a stroke , while onstage , in 1985 in Jamestown , New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "137bde2a3af83407ab55df6f7ede6c54", "text": "Mondo Topless Mondo Topless is a 1966 pseudo documentary directed by Russ Meyer , featuring Babette Bardot and Lorna Maitland among others . It was Meyer 's first color film following a string of black and white `` roughie nudies '' , including Faster , Pussycat ! Kill ! Kill ! While a straightforward sexploitation film , the film owes some debt to the French new wave and cinéma vérité traditions , and is known to some under the titles Mondo Girls and Mondo Top . Its tagline : `` Two Much For One Man ... Russ Meyer 's Busty Buxotic Beauties ... Titilating ... Torrid ... Untopable ... Too Much For One Man ! '' The film was banned in Finland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0211212dc850dd22a956a6403aff9de8", "text": "The Magic Flute (2006 film) The Magic Flute is Kenneth Branagh 's English-language film version of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's singspiel Die Zauberflöte . The film is a co-production between France & the UK , produced by Idéale Audience and in association with UK 's The Peter Moores Foundation . In November 2005 , it was announced that , as part of the 250th anniversary celebration of Mozart 's birthday , a new film version of The Magic Flute , set during World War I , was to be made , directed by Kenneth Branagh , with a translation by Stephen Fry . The film was presented at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2006 , at the Venice Film Festival on 8 September of that year , and released in Switzerland on 5 April 2007 . It has played in many European countries . The film , with a soundtrack performed by the Chamber Orchestra of Europe conducted by James Conlon , is the first motion picture version of the opera specifically intended for cinemas . Ingmar Bergman 's 1975 film version was made for Swedish television and only later released to theatres . Branagh 's version was shot in Super 35 and released in anamorphic widescreen , while Bergman 's was filmed in Academy ratio for television sets of the 1970s . A DVD of the film was released in France in August 2007 with a bonus soundtrack CD ( lasting around 79 minutes ) and a `` Making of '' featurette ( 50 minutes ) . The film has also been released on DVD in the Netherlands ( in a three-disc set ) , Finland , Argentina , and Japan . Revolver Entertainment is giving the film a theatrical release in the United States in June 2013 , seven years after its premiere in Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "317ee5ca338bc125d8a5b3052edfe556", "text": "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 The United Kingdom held a national preselection to choose the song that would go to the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 . A Song for Europe 1979 was planned to take place at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 8 March . After a day 's rehearsals at the Royal Albert Hall a strike by BBC technicians stopped the show . Audio recordings of the songs were voted on by 14 regional juries : Bristol , Bangor , Leeds , Norwich , Newcastle , Aberdeen , Birmingham , Belfast , Cardiff , Plymouth , Glasgow , Southampton and London . The jury in Manchester could not be contacted and since the winner had a more than 12 point winning margin , their scores were not included . This led to an immaterial tie for second place . The following day , the 12 songs were broadcast on Terry Wogan 's Radio 2 show and a recap of the top places , plus an interview with the winners took place on the BBC TV Show Nationwide the same evening . The Manchester scores were eventually verified , with song 12 ` Fantasy ' being awarded 2nd place ahead of song 6 ` Call My Name ' . Black Lace were the winners of A Song for Europe with `` Mary Ann '' and went on to place 7th at the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest in Jerusalem , Israel . This was also the first Eurovision since 1972 in which Terry Wogan did not provide either the television or radio commentary . Wogan had originally been scheduled to provide the television commentary but opted out of going to Israel following comments he made of the 1978 winner `` A-Ba-Ni-Bi '' sounding like `` I Wan na Be a Polar Bear '' . Instead his Radio 2 colleague John Dunn provided the television commentary . Ray Moore provided the radio commentary on both BBC Radio 1 and Radio 2 .", "title": "" } ]	fever

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